Inorganic chemistry Books
John Wiley & Sons Inc Methods for Environmental Trace Analysis
Book SynopsisProvides the basic skills and information required to prepare an environmental sample for analysis. Divided into two sections, Inorganic Analysis and Organic Analysis, this book covers techniques such as atomic spectroscopy and chromatography.Trade Review"...covers one of the most neglected areas in environmental trace analysis, namely that of sample preparation." (Environment Times , January 2003) “…covers one of the most neglected areas in environmental trace analysis…very detailed, highly illustrated, and easy to read” (International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2004)Table of ContentsSeries Preface. Preface. Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols. About the Author. Basic Laboratory Skills. Investigative Approach for Sample Preparation. Sampling. Storage of Samples. SAMPLE PREPARATION OF INORGANIC ANALYSIS. Solids. Liquids – Natural and Waste Waters. SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR ORGANIC ANALYSIS. Solids. Liquids. Volatile Compounds. Pre-Concentration Using Solvent Evaporation. Instrumental Techniques for Trace Analysis. Recording of Information in the Laboratory and Selected Resources. Responses to Self-Assessment Questions. Glossary of Terms. SI Units and Physical Constants. Periodic Table. Index.
£62.65
John Wiley & Sons Inc An Introduction to Applied Statistical
Book SynopsisWith the present emphasis on nano and bio technologies, molecular level descriptions and understandings offered by statistical mechanics are of increasing interest and importance. This text emphasizes how statistical thermodynamics is and can be used by chemical engineers and physical chemists. The text shows readers the path from molecular level approximations to the applied, macroscopic thermodynamic models engineers use, and introduces them to molecular-level computer simulation. Readers of this book will develop an appreciation for the beauty and utility of statistical mechanics.Table of Contents1. Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics. 1.1 Probabistic Description. 1.2 Macrostates and Microstates. 1.3 Quantum Mechanics Description of Microstates. 1.4 The Postulates of Statistical Mechanics. 1.5 The Boltzmann Energy Distribution. 2. The Canonical Partition Function. 2.1 Some Properties of the Canonical Partition Function. 2.2 Relationship of the Canonical Partition Function to Thermodynamic Properties. 2.3 Canonical Partition Function for a Molecule with Several Independent Energy Modes. 2.4 Canonical Partition Function for a Collection of Noninteracting Identical Atoms. Problems. 3. The Ideal Monatomic Gas. 3.1 Canonical Partition Function for the Ideal Monatomic Gas. 3.2 Identification of b as 1/kT. 3.3 General Relationships of the Canonical Partition Function to Other Thermodynamic Quantities. 3.4 The Thermodynamic Properties of the Ideal Monatomic Gas. 3.5 Energy Fluctuations in the Canonical Ensemble. 3.6 The Gibbs Entropy Equation. 3.7 Translational State Degeneracy. 3.8 Distinguishability, Indistinguishability and the Gibbs' Paradox. 3.9 A Classical Mechanics – Quantum Mechanics Comparison: The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution of Velocities. Problems. 4. Ideal Polyatomic Gas. 4.1 The Partition Function for an Ideal Diatomic Gas. 4.2 The Thermodynamic Properties of the Ideal Diatomic Gas. 4.3 The Partition Function for an Ideal Polyatomic Gas. 4.4 The Thermodynamic Properties of an Ideal Polyatomic Gas. 4.5 The Heat Capacities of Ideal Gases. 4.6 Normal Mode Analysis: the Vibrations of a Linear Triatomic Molecule. Problems. 5. Chemical Reactions in Ideal Gases. 5.1 The Non-Reacting Ideal Gas Mixture. 5.2 Partition Function of a Reacting Ideal Chemical Mixture. 5.3 Three Different Derivations of the Chemical Equilibrium Constant in an Ideal Gas Mixture. 5.4 Fluctuations in a Chemically Reacting System. 5.5 The Chemically Reacting Gas Mixture. The General Case. 5.6 An Example. The Ionization of Argon. Problems. 6. Other Partition Functions. 6.1 The Microcanonical Ensemble. 6.2 The Grand Canonical Ensemble. 6.3 The Isobaric-Isothermal Ensemble. 6.4 The Restricted Grand or Semi Grand Canonical Ensemble. 6.5 Comments on the Use of Different Ensembles. Problems. 7. Interacting Molecules in a Gas. 7.1 The Configuration Integral. 7.2 Thermodynamic Properties from the Configuration Integral. 7.3 The Pairwise Additivity Assumption. 7.4 Mayer Cluster Function and Irreducible Integrals. 7.5 The Virial Equation of State. 7.6 The Virial Equation of State for Polyatomic Molecules. 7.7 Thermodynamic Properties from the Virial Equation of State. 7.8 Derivation of Virial Coefficient Formulae from the Grand Canonical Ensemble. 7.9 Range of Applicability of the Virial Equation. Problems. 8. Intermolecular Potentials and the Evaluation of the Second Virial Coefficient. 8.1 Interaction Potentials for Spherical Molecules. 8.2 Interaction Potentials Between Unlike Atoms. 8.3 Interaction Potentials for Nonspherical Molecules. 8.4 Engineering Applications/Implications of the Virial Equation of State. Problems. 9. Monatomic Crystals. 9.1 The Einstein Model of a Crystal. 9.2 The Debye Model of a Crystal. 9.3 Test of the Einstein and Debye Models for a Crystal. 9.4 Sublimation Pressures of Crystals. 9.5 A Comment of the Third Law of Thermodynamics. Problems. 10. Simple Lattice Models of Fluids. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Development of Equations of State from Lattice Theory. 10.3 Activity Coefficient Models for Similar Size Molecules from Lattice Theory. 10.4 Flory-Huggins and Other Models for Polymer Systems. 10.5 The Ising Model. Problems. 11. Interacting Molecules in a Dense Fluid. Configurational Distribution Functions. 11.1 Reduced Spatial Probability Density Functions. 11.2 Thermodynamic Properties from the Pair Correlation Function. 11.3 The Pair Correlation Function (Radial Distribution Function) at Low Density. 11.4 Methods of Determination of the Pair Correlation Function at High Density 11.5 Fluctuations in the Number of Particles and the Compressibility Equation 11.6 Determination of the Radial Distribution Function of Fluids using Coherent X-ray or Neutron Scattering. 11.7 Determination of the Radial Distribution Functions of Molecular Liquids. 11.8 Determination of the Coordination Number from the Radial Distribution Function. 11.9 Determination of the Radial Distribution Function of Colloids and Proteins. Problems. 12. Integral Equation Theories for the Radial Distribution Function. 12.1 The Potential of Mean Force. 12.2 The Kirkwood Superposition Approximation. 12.3 The Ornstein-Zernike Equation. 12.4 Closures for the Ornstein-Zernike Equation. 12.5 The Percus-Yevick Equation of State. 12.6 The Radial Distribution Function and Thermodynamic Properties of Mixtures. 12.7 The Potential of Mean Force. 12.8 Osmotic Pressure and the Potential of Mean Force for Protein and Colloidal Solutions. Problems. 13. Computer Simulation. 13.1 Introduction to Molecular Level Simulation. 13.2 Thermodynamic Properties from Molecular Simulation. 13.3 Monte Carlo Simulation. 13.4 Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Problems. 14. Perturbation Theory. 14.1 Perturbation Theory for the Square-Well Potential. 14.2 First Order Barker-Henderson Perturbation Theory. 14.3 Second Order Perturbation Theory. 14.4 Perturbation Theory Using Other Potentials. 14.5 Engineering Applications of Perturbation Theory. Problems. 15. Debye-Hückel Theory of Electrolyte Solutions. 15.1 Solutions Containing Ions (and electrons). 15.2 Debye-Hückel Theory. 15.3 The Mean Ionic Activity Coefficient. Problems. 16. The Derivation of Thermodynamic Models from the Generalized van der Waals Partition Function. 16.1 The Statistical Mechanical Background. 16.2 Application of the Generalized van der Waals Partition Function to Pure Fluids. 16.3 Equation of State for Mixtures from the Generalized van der Waals Partition Function. 16.4 Activity Coefficient Models from the Generalized van der Waals Partition Function. 16.5 Chain Molecules and Polymers. 16.6 Hydrogen-bonding and Associating Fluids. Problems.
£139.65
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Chemistry of Silica Solubility Polymerization
Book SynopsisSurfactants and Interfacial Phenomena Milton J. Rosen Bridging the gap between purely theoretical aspects of surface chemistry and the purely empirical experience of the industrial technologist, this book applies theoretical surface chemistry to understanding the action of surfactants in modifying interfacial phenomena. It surveys the structural types of commercially available surfactants and discusses interfacial phenomena, the physicochemical principles underlying the action of surfactants in each phenomenon, and the effect of structural changes in the surfactants and environmental changes on their action. Tables of data on various interfacial properties of surfactants, compiled and calculated from the latest scientific literature, are included. 1978 304 pp. An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry, 2nd Ed. H. van Olphen This book provides valuable guidance in research and design efforts by giving a clear understanding of principles and concepts of colloid chemistry as applied to clTable of ContentsThe Occurrence, Dissolution and Deposition of Silica. Water Soluble Silicates. Polymerization of Silica. Colloidal Silica-Concentrated Sols. Silica Gels and Powders. The Surface Chemistry of Silica. Silica in Biology. Index.
£433.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Carbonate Stone Chemical Behavior Durability and
Book SynopsisThis text provides information on the topic of the decay and conservation of calcareous stone monuments and structures resulting from exposure to industrial environments. It covers a variety of topics including: origin; chemical and mechanical processes; and biodeterioration.Trade Review"a useful addition to the novice and experienced conservation scientist working on stone." (Talanta, Vol 52, 2000)Table of ContentsOrigin, Occurrence, Properties, and Classification of Carbonate Rocks. Noncarbonate Minerals in Carbonate Rocks. Structural Deformation of Carbonate Rocks. Weathering of Carbonate Rocks in Natural Environments. Chemical Weathering by Dry Deposition in Polluted Environments. Kinetics and Modeling Decay Rates of Carbonate Rocks in Polluted Environments. Biodeterioration. Methods of Characterization of Limestone and Dolostone by Mercury Porosimetry. Durability of the Sphinx Limestone. Conservation of Carbonate Structures. Geoarchaeology and the Age of the Sphinx. Appendices. Glossary. Indexes.
£233.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Progress in Inorganic Chemistry Volume 46
Book SynopsisCapturing today''s scientific imagination...PROGRESS in InorganicChemistry Nowhere is creative scientific talent busier than in the world ofinorganic chemistry experimentation. And the traditional forum forexchanging innovative research has been the respected Progress inInorganic Chemistry series. With contributions from internationallyrenowned chemists, this latest volume offers an in-depth,far-ranging examination of the changing face of the field,providing a tantalizing glimpse of the emerging state of thescience. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 46 * Anion Binding and Recognition by Inorganic Based Receptors (PaulD. Beer and David K. Smith) * Copper (I), Lithium and Magnesium Thiolate Complexes: An Overviewwith Due Mention of Selenolate and Tellurolate Analogues andRelated Silver (I) and Gold (I) Species (Maurits D. Janssen, DavidM. Grove, and Gerard van Koten) * The Role of the Pyrazolate Ligand in Building PolynuclearTransition Metal Systems (Girolamo La Monica andTable of ContentsAnion Binding and Recognition by Inorganic Based Receptors (P. Beer& D. Smith). Copper (I), Lithium and Magnesium Thiolate Complexes: An Overviewwith Due Mention of Selenolate and Tellurolate Analogues andRelated Silver (I) and Gold (I) Species (M. Janssen, et al.). The Role of the Pyrazolate Ligand in Building PolynuclearTransition Metal Systems (G. La Monica & G. Ardizzoia). Recent Trends in Metal Alkoxide Chemistry (R. Mehrotra & A.Singh). Indexes.
£272.65
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods The Formation of
Book SynopsisHere, the discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson).Table of ContentsFrom the Contents: Formation of Bonds Between Elements of Group VB (N, P, As, Sb, Bi), and Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) or IIa (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra). Formation of Bonds Between Elements of Group VB (N, P, As, Sb, Bi), and Group IB (CU, Ag, Au) or IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg). Formation of Bonds Between Elementzs of Group VB (N, P, As, Sb, Bi), and the Transition and Inner Transition Metals. Formation of Bonds Between Elements of Group VB and Group O. Formation of Bonds Between Elements of Group VB (N, P, As, Sb, Bi), and Group IIIB (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl), Compounds and Alloys.
£518.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Early Transition Metal Clusters with PiDonor
Book SynopsisThe discovery and evolution of oranometallic cluster chemistry is a major event in the development of inorganic chemistry. This is the second volume in the series ''The Chemistry of Metal Clusters'' edited by Du Shriver, Herb Kaesz, and Richard Adams. This volume focuses on the chemistry of the early transition elements in their lower and middle oxidation states, i.e., halide, sulfide, oxide, phosphate, alkoxide, and related o-donor ligands. The key feature linking all these complexes in metal-metal bonding is the presence of pi-donor ligands.Table of ContentsFrom the Contents: Introduction and Scope/ Zeolite Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Their Impact on Diffusion/Application of Diffusional Transport Phenomena to Catalysis/ Diffusion in Zeolites - Theoretical Considerations/ Measurement of Molecular Transport in Zeolites/Principles of Shape Selectivity/ Examples of the Interplay of Diffusion and Reaction in Shape Selective Reactions/ Impact of Shape Selective Zeolites in Industrial Applications/ Conclusions
£276.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods The Formation of
Book SynopsisBoasting numerous industrial applications, inorganic chemistry forms the basis for research into new materials and bioinorganic compounds such as calcium that act as biological catalysts.Table of ContentsHow to Use this Book Preface to the Series Editorial Consultants to the Series Contributors to Volume 1 1. The Formation of Bonds to Hydrogen (Part 1) 1.1. Introduction 1.2. The Formation of Hydrogen 1.3. The Formation of Hydrogen-Halogen Bonds 1.4. The Formation of Bonds between Hydrogen and Elements of Group VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index
£487.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods The Formation of
Book SynopsisThe discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson).Table of ContentsHow to Use this Book Preface to the Series Editorial Consultants to the Series Contributors to Volume 4 2.0 The Formation of Bonds to Halogens (Part 2) 2.6 The Formation of the Halogen-Group-IIIB Element (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl) Bond 2.7. The Formation of the Halogen-Group-IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) and Group-IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) Metal Bond 2.8. The Formation of the Halogen-Group-IB (Cu, Ag, Au) or Group-IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg) Metal Bond 2.9. Formation of the Halogen-Transition and -Inner-Transition-Metal Bond 2.10. The Formation of the Halogen-Group 0 Element Bond 2.11. The Formation of the High Oxidation State Group-IB, -IIB, and Transition-and Inner-Transition-Metal Fluorides List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index
£512.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods The Formation of
Book SynopsisThe discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson).Table of ContentsHow to Use this Book Preface to the Series Editorial Consultants to the Series Contributors to Volume 3. Formation of Bonds to Group-VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po) Elements (Part 1) 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Formation of Group-VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po)-Group-VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po) Element Bond 3.3. Formation of the Group-VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po)-Group-VB (N, P, As, Sb, Bi) Element Bond 3.4. Formation of the Group-VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po)-Group-IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) Element Bond 3.5. Formation of the Group-VIB (O, S, Se. Te, Po)-Group-IIIB (B, AI, Ga, In, TI) Element Bonds 3.6. Formation of the Group-VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po)-Group-lA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) or-Group-IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) Bond List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index
£487.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods The Formation of
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsCHAPTER 4.2.1 Introduction (Pages: 1-13) CHAPTER 4.2.2.2 Involving Phosphorus-Phosphorus Bonds (Pages: 17) CHAPTER 4.3.1 Introduction (Pages: 39) CHAPTER 4.3.2.1 In Noncyclic Species (Pages: 39-49) CHAPTER 4.4.1 Introduction (Pages: 71) CHAPTER 4.4.2 Giving Group IVB Phosphides (Pages: 71-72) CHAPTER 4.4.3 In Reactions of Elemental N, P, As, Sb, Bi (Pages: 73-74) CHAPTER 4.4.4. With Sn Halides (Pages: 79-81) CHAPTER 4.4.5 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Metal Derivatives (Pages: 83) CHAPTER 4.4.6 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Halides (Pages: 99) CHAPTER 4.4.7.2 With Si Compounds (Pages: 101-102) CHAPTER 4.4.8.2 With Si Compounds (Pages: 104-105) CHAPTER 4.4.9 In Reactions of Tertiary Phosphines, Arsines, Stibines and Bismuthines (Pages: 107) CHAPTER 4.5.1 Introduction (Pages: 110-112) CHAPTER 4.5.3 In Reactions of Elemental N, P, As, Sb, Bi (Pages: 112-113) CHAPTER 4.5.4 In Reactions of Compounds Containing N/P/As/Sb/Bi—N/P/As/Sb/Bi Bonds (Pages: 116-119) CHAPTER 4.5.5 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Hydrides with Hydrides or Complex Hydrides (Pages: 123-131) CHAPTER 4.5.6 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Hydrides with Halides (Pages: 133-134) CHAPTER 4.5.7 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Hydrides with Group VIB Compounds (Pages: 146) CHAPTER 4.5.8 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Hydrides with Group IIIB-Group VB Compounds (Pages: 155-160) CHAPTER 4.5.9 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Hydrides with Group IIIB-Group IVB Compounds (Pages: 162) CHAPTER 4.5.10 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Hydrides with Group IIIB-Group IIIB Compounds (Pages: 174) CHAPTER 4.5.11 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Hydride Anions (Pages: 176-178) CHAPTER 4.5.12 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Halides (Pages: 184-185) CHAPTER 4.5.13 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Oxides, Alkoxides or Sulfur Compounds (Pages: 186-187) CHAPTER 4.5.14 In Reactions of N, P, As, Sb, Bi Derivatives (Pages: 187-194) Abbreviations (Pages: 209-213) Author Index (Pages: 215-244) Compound Index (Pages: 245-371) Subject Index (Pages: 373-387)
£495.86
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods The Formation of
Book SynopsisThe discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson).Table of ContentsContents of Volume How to use this book Preface to the Series Editorial Consultants to the Series Contributors to Volume 9 5. Formation of the Bonds to the Group-IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) Elements 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Formation of the Group-IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb)-Group-IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) Element Bond List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index
£512.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods the Formation of
Book SynopsisThe discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson).Table of Contents5. The Formation of Bonds to Elements of Group IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) (Part 4) 5.8. Formation of Bonds between Elements of Groups IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and Transition and Inner-Transition Metals List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index
£512.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods The Formation of
Book SynopsisInorganic Reactions and Methods Volume 13 Founding Editor J.J. Zuckerman Editor A.P. Hagen.Table of ContentsHow to use this book Preface to the Series Editorial Consultants to the Series Contributors to Volume 13 6. Formation of the Bonds to Group-IIIB (B, AI, Ga, In, TI) Elements 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Formation of the Group-IIIB-Group-IIIB Element (B, AI, Ga, In, TI) Bond 6.3. Formation of Group-IIIB-Group IA or Group-IIA Bonds 6.4. Formation of Group III-B-Group-IB or Group-IIB Bonds 6.5. Formation of Group-IIIB-Transition- or -Inner Transition-Metal Bonds 6.6. The Formation of the Group III-Group 0 Element Bond 6.7. Formation of Borides 7. Formation of Bonds to the Group-IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) or Group-IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba,Ra) Metals 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Formation of Group-IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) or Group-IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)-Group-IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) or -Group-IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) Metal Bonds 7.3. Formation of the Group-IA or -IIA- Group-IB or -IIB Element Bonds 7.4. 7.5. The Formation of the Group IA or IIA-Group 0 Element Bond 8. Formation of the Bond to the Group-IB (Cu, Ag, Au) or -IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg) Elements 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Formation of the Group-IB or -IIB-Group-IB or -IIB Metal Bonds 8.3. Formation of the Group-IB (Cu, Ag, Au) or Group-IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg)- Transition-Metal Bonds 8.4. The Formation of the Group-IB or -IIB-Group 0 Element Bond List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index
£540.50
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods ElectronTransfer
Book SynopsisInorganic Reactions and Methods Volume 15 Editor J.J. Zuckerman.Table of ContentsHow to Use this Book Preface to the Series Editorial Consultants to the Series Contributors to Volume 15 12. Electron-Transfer and Electrochemical Reactions 12.1. Introduction 12.2. Electron Transfer 12.3. Electrochemical Reactions 13. Photochemical and Other Energized Reactions 13.1. Introduction 13.2. Photosubstitution and Photoisomerization 13.3. Photoinduced Cleavage of Metal-Metal Bonds 13.4. Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions 13.5. Pulse Radiolysis List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index
£512.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Transition Metal Oxides
Book SynopsisPraise for the First Edition: Very useful for researchers in solid-state chemistry and as a textbook of advanced inorganic chemistry for PhD students. -Advanced Materials. This book provides unified coverage of the structure, properties, and synthesis of transition metal oxides. Written by two world-class scientists, it offers both an excellent window on modern solid-state chemistry and a gateway to understanding the behavior of inorganic solids. Scientists and advanced students in inorganic and solid-state chemistry, materials science, ceramics, and condensed matter science will welcome this updated Second Edition, which features new or expanded material on: * Oxyanion derivatives of cuprates, mercury cuprates, ladder compounds, and new oxide systems * Giant magnetoresistance, superconductivity, and nonlinear materials * Recently developed synthetic strategies and examples, including soft chemistry routes Plus: * Hundreds of illustraTable of ContentsSTRUCTURE. Basic Background Material. Mother Structures of Some Binary Transition Metal Oxides. Perovskites and Relatives. Octahedral Tunnel Structures: Bronzes and Bronzoids. Octahedral Intersecting Tunnel Structures: Pyrochlores and Relatives. Octahedral Lamellar Oxides. Close-Packed Oxides: Spinels, Hexagonal Ferrites, and Relatives. Three-Dimensional Mixed Frameworks Involving Tetrahedra and Octahedra. Examples of Unusual Coordination: The Vanadium Oxides. Sheer Structures. The Highly Complex Structural Behavior of Transition Metal Oxides. PROPERTIES AND PHENOMENA. Electrons in Transition Metal Oxides. Properties of Oxide Materials. Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Oxides in Relation to Structure. Mixed Valence. Metal-Nonmetal Transitions. Low-Dimensional Oxides. Superconducting Oxides. Ferroics. Results from Empirical Theory. Understanding Electronic Structures from Electron Spectroscopy Combined with Empirical Theory. Giant Magnetoresistance and Related Aspects. Nanomaterials. Catalysts and Gas Sensors. PREPARATION OF MATERIALS. Typical Reactions. Ceramic Preparations. Use of Precursors. Topochemical and Intercalation Reactions. Ion Exchange Method. Alkali Flux and Electrochemical Methods. Sol-Gel Method. Reactions at High Pressures. Superconducting Cuprates. Arc and Skull Techniques. Soft Chemical Routes. Crystal Growth. Concluding Remarks. References. Index.
£220.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods Formation of
Book SynopsisBoasting numerous industrial applications, inorganic chemistry forms the basis for research into new materials and bioinorganic compounds such as calcium that act as biological catalysts.Table of ContentsTHE FORMATION OF CERAMICS. Ceramic Preparative Methods. The Synthesis and Fabrication of Ceramics for Special Applications. Abbreviations. Indexes.
£487.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Most Beautiful Molecule
Book SynopsisThe Most Beautiful Molecule The molecule, buckminsterfullerene, is beautiful physically and intellectually. Its qualities, and even some of its properties, can be appreciated instantly and intuitively by nonscientists. Its uniqueness is bound to lead to novel applications-superconductivity is the leading contender at the moment. The commercial potential of buckminsterfullerene has heightened the excitement and controversy in recent years, while the exact nature of the discovery process in 1985 has been the subject of a heated feud between the British and American scientists involved.-Hugh Aldersey-Williams Ten years ago, the discovery of buckminsterfullerene, a previously unknown form of carbon, stunned the scientific community, as much for the discovery itself as for the manner in which it came about. In the words of author Hugh Aldersey-Williams, it was an example of classic bootleg science. The work was done on the back of other, funded projects, and when Table of ContentsMaking Molecules. September 1985. The Search for the Yellow Vial. On Symmetry and the Sexagesimal. The Fuller View. The Chemical Senses. The Chemist-Stylites. September 1990. The Peak of Perfection. "My Lords, What Does It Do?" The Molecular Architects. Epilogue: Spot the Ball. Notes and References. Index.
£17.84
John Wiley & Sons Inc Progress in Inorganic Chemistry Volume 47
Book SynopsisStraight from the frontier of scientific investigation . . . PROGRESS in Inorganic Chemistry Nowhere is creative scientific talent busier than in the world of inorganic chemistry. And the respected Progress in Inorganic Chemistry series has long served as an exciting showcase for new research in this area. With contributions from internationally renowned chemists, this latest volume reports the most recent advances in the field, providing a fascinating window on the emerging state of the science. This series is distinguished not only by its scope and breadth, but also by the depth and quality of the reviews. --Journal of the American Chemical Society. [This series] has won a deservedly honored place on the bookshelf of the chemist attempting to keep afloat in the torrent of original papers on inorganic chemistry. --Chemistry in Britain. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 47 Terminal Chalcogenido Complexes of the Transition MTable of ContentsTerminal Chalcogenido Complexes of the Transition Metals (G. Parkin). Coordination Chemistry of Azacryptands (J. Nelson, et al.). Polyoxometallate Complexes in Organic Oxidation Chemistry (R. Neumann). Metal-Phosphonate Chemistry (A. Clearfield). Oxidation of Hydrazine in Aqueous Solution (D. Stanbury). Metal Ion Reconstituted Hybrid Hemoglobins (B. Venkatesh, et al.). Three-Coordinate Complexes of "Hard" Ligands: Advances in Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity (C. Cummins). Metal-Carboxhydrate Complexes in Solution (J. Verchere, et al.). Indexes.
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods The Formation of
Book SynopsisBoasting numerous industrial applications, inorganic chemistry forms the basis for research into new materials and bioinorganic compounds such as calcium that act as biological catalysts.Table of ContentsFormation of the Group VIB (O,S,Se,Te,Po) - Group IB (Cu,Ag,Au) or IIB (Zn,Cd,Hg) Metal Bond. Formation of Bond Between the Group VIB (O,S,Se,Te,Po) Elements and Transition and Inner Transition Metals. Formation of the Bond Between Group VIB (O,S,Se,Te,Po) and Group O (Noble Gas) Elements. Formation of Non-stoichiometric Oxides. Formation of the Nonstoichiometric Sulfides, Selenides, and Tellurides. Abbreviations. Indexes.
£512.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Syntheses Volume 32
Book SynopsisThe Inorganic Synthesis Series provides all users of inorganic substances with detailed and foolproof procedures for the preparation of important and timely compounds. This new volume includes information on water-solubilizing ligands for organometallics, labile ligand complexes, and the syntheses of cluster compounds and hydrides.Table of ContentsChapter One LIGANDS FOR WATER-SOLUBILIZING ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS. 1. (Meta-Sulfonatophenyl)Diphenylphosphine, Sodium Salt and Its Complexes with Rhodium(I), Ruthenium(II), Iridium(1). 2. Syntheses of Water-Soluble Phosphines and Their Transition Metal Complexes. 3. Tris[Tris(Sodium m-sulfonatophenyl)phosphino] Palladium(0)-Enneahydrate. 4. Sulfonated Phosphines. 5. (S,S)-2,3-Bis[Di(m-Sodiumsulfonatophenyl)phosphino]butane-(chiraphosTS) and (S,S)-2,4-Bis[di(m-Sodiumsulfonatophenyl)-phosphinolpentane (BDPPTS). 6. 1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane and Derivatives. Chapter Two BIOMIMETIC AND SPECIAL PROPERTY LIGANDS. 7. 2.2':6',2"-Terpyridine. 8. Poly(1-pyrazolyl)alkane Ligands. 9 . Tris[N-(3-tert-butyl)pyrazolyl]methane. 10. Tris[2-(1,4-Diisopropylimidazolyl)]phosphine. 11. Tris[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine (TPA) and (+)-Bis[(2-pyridyl)-methyl]-l-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine (a-MeTPA). 12. C2-Symmetric 1,4-Diisopropyl-7-R-l,4,7-Triazacyclononanes. 13. N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-Dimethylpyrazole, a Dinuclear Copper Complex, and N-(2-p-Toluenesulfonylethyl)-3,5-dimethy-pyrazole. 14. N-(2-Mercaptoethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrazole. 15. 1,5-Diazacyclooctane, Pendant Arm Thiolato Derivatives and [N,N'-Bis(2-Mercaptoethyl)-1,5-Diazacyclooctanato]-nickel(II). 16. Polydentate Thiolate and Selenolate Ligands, RN(CH2,CH2,S(Se)-)2, and Their Dimeric and Mononuclear Ni(II) Complexes. 17. Poly[(methylthio)methyl]borates and Representative Metal Derivative. 18. Polyaza Binucleating Ligands: OBISTREN and OBISDIEN. 19. N,N'.bis(2-hydroxybyl.thylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED). 20. N-Tert-Alkyl-Anilides as Bulky Ancillary Ligands. 21. 1,2-Bis(Dichlorophosphino)-1,2-Dimethylhydrazine and Alkoxy/Aryloxy Derivatives. 22. Tris[(tert-butylamino)-dimethylsilyl]methylsilane and Its Precursors. Chapter Three TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES AND PRECURSORS. 23. Facile Synthesis of Isomerically Pure. 24. cis-Bis(benzeneacetonitrile)dichloroplatinum(II) and trans-Bis(benzeneacetonitrile)dichloroplatinum(II). 25. Platinum(II) Complexes of Dimethyl Sulfide. 26. (2,2' :6',2"-Terpyridine) Methylplatinurn(II) Chloride and (l,l0-Phenanthroline)methylchloroplatinum(II). 27. (N,N-Chelate)(olefin)platinum(0) Complexes. 28. Dimethylpalladium(II) and Monomethylpalladium(II) Reagents and Complexes. 29. 2,4-Pentanedionatogold(I) Complexes and 2,4-Pentanedionatothallium. 30. Tetrakis(Pyridine)SiIver(2 + )Peroxydisulfate. 31. One-Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydronium Tris(4,4'-Dicarboxylato-2,2'-Bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Dihydrate. 32. Trichloro[2,2' :6,2"-Terpyridine]ruthenium(III) and Phosphine Ligand Derivatives. 33. Monomeric Tetrahydrofuran-Stabilized Molybdenum(III) Halides. 34. Facial Molybdenum(lI1) Triamine Complexes. 35. High-Valent Mono-(5-Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)vanadium and Molybdenum Complexes. 36. Monoindenyltrichloride Complexes of Titanium(IV), Zirconium(IV), and Hafnium(IV). 37. Labile Copper(I) Chloride Complexes: Preparation and Handling. Chapter Four MAIN GROUP AND TRANSITION METAL CLUSTER COMPOUNDS. 38. 7,8-Dicarbaundecaborane(13). 39. Borazine, Polyborazylene, B-Vinylborazine and Poly(B-Vinylborazine). 40. Transition Metal Complexes of the Lacunary Heteropolytungstate, [P2W17O61] 10-. 41. Bis(Triphenylphosphorany1idene)A mmonium µ-Carbonyl-1kC:2kC-Decacarbonyl-1k3C,2k3,3k4C-µ-Hydrido-1k:2k-triangubTriruthenate(1—). 42. Dipotassium Undecacarbonyl Trimetallate(2—) Clusters, K2[M3(CO)11] (M = Ru, Os). 43. [PPN]2[Ru3(CO)11] and [PPN]2[OS3(CO)11], µ-Nitrido-Bis(Triphenylphosphorus) (1 +) Undecacarbonyltriruthenate (2 —) and Undecacarbonyltriosmate(2 —). 44. Platinum-Ruthenium Carbonyl Cluster Complexes. 45. Tri(µ-carbonyl)nonacarbonyltetrarhodiu. 46. High Nuclearity Hydridodecaruthenium Clusters. Chapter Five MAIN GROUP AND TRANSITION METAL HYDRLDES. 47. Dichlorodihydro(N,N,N',N,-Tetraethyl-1,2-ethanediamine-N,N')silicon. 48. Tricarbonyl(hydrido)[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]-manganese as Precursor to Labile Site Derivatives. 49. Pentahydridobis(tricyclohexylphosphine)iridium(V) and trihydridotris (triphenylphosphine)iridium(III). Chapter Six TITANIUM(1II) CHLORIDE. (A Correction to Inorganic Syntheses, Vol. 24, pp. 181 (1986). 50. An Active Form of Titanium(II1) Chloride. Contributor Index. Subject Index. Formula Index. Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number Index.
£184.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Fullerenes Chemistry Physics and Technology
Book SynopsisThis authoritative reference work provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of fullerene research. It covers topics of research interest such as solid state, metallofullerenes, nanotubes and organic functionalization.Trade Review"Chemists, physicists, pharmacologists, materials scientists, and chemical engineers survey the current understanding and application of the carbon-based materials." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 24, No. 4 December 2000)Table of ContentsElectrochemistry of Fullerenes (L. Echegoyen, et al.). Solubility of the Fullerenes (M. Korobov & A. Smith). Organic Chemistry of Fullerenes (S. Wilson, et al.). Structural Inorganic Chemistry of Fullerenes and Fullerene-Like Compounds (A. Balch). Photophysical Properties of Pristine Fullerenes, Functionalized Fullerenes, and Fullerene-Containing Donor-Bridge Acceptor Systems (D. Guldi & P. Kamat). Calculations of Higher Fullerenes and Quasi-Fullerenes (Z. Slanina, et al.). Polymer Derivatives of Fullerenes (L. Chiang & L. Wang). Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Production, Separation, and Structural Properties (H. Shinohara). Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Theory, Electrochemistry, and Chemical Reactions (S. Nagase, et al.). Biological Aspects of Fullerenes (S. Wilson). Carboxyfullerenes as Neuroprotective Antioxidants (L. Dugan, et al.). Fullerenes and Fullerene Ions in the Gas Phase (D. Bohme, et al.). Fullerene-Surface Interactions (A. Hamza). Structures of Fullerene-Based Solids ( K. Prassides & S. Margadonna). Fullerenes Under High Pressure (B. Sundqvist). Superconductivity in Fullerenes (V. Buntar). Boron Nitride-Containing Nanotubes (N. Chopra & A. Zettl). Synthesis and Characterization of Materials Incorporated within Carbon Nanotubes (J. Sloan & M. Green). Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Carbon Encapsulated Metal Nanoparticles (M. McHenry & S. Subramoney). Molecular and Solid C_36 (J. Grossman, et al.). Index.
£302.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Reactions and Methods Cumulative Index
Book SynopsisHere is the comprehensive two-volume index to all of the compounds, subjects, and authors featured in the 18-volume 'Inorganic Reactions and Methods' series.Table of ContentsContents of Cumulative Index Part 1 Preface to the Series ix Editorial Consultants to the Series xiii Author Index 1 Subject Index 685
£425.66
Wiley In Situ Monitoring of Aquatic Systems Chemical Analysis and Speciation 5 Series on Analytical and Physical Chemistry of Environmental Systems
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£483.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Progress in Inorganic Chemistry Volume 41
Book SynopsisThis comprehensive series of volumes on inorganic chemistry provides inorganic chemists with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Every volume reports recent progress with a significant, up-to-date selection of papers by internationally recognized researchers, complemented by detailed discussions and complete documentation. Each volume features a complete subject index and the series includes a cumulative index as well.Table of ContentsX-Ray Crystallography: A Fast, First-Resort Analytical Tool (H.Hope). Principles and Applications of Semiconductor Photoelectrochemistry(M. Tan, et al.). Chemical Vapor Deposition of Metal-Containing Thin-Film Materialsfrom Organometallic Compounds (J. Spencer). Construction of Small Polynuclear Complexes with TrifunctionalPhosphine-Based Ligands as Backbones (A. Balch). The Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes Containing Catechol andSemiquinone Ligands (C. Pierpont & C. Lange). Macrocyclic Polyamine Zinc(II) Complexes as Advanced Models forZinc(II) Enzymes (E. Kimura). The Chemistry of Nickel-Containing Enzymes (A. Kolodziej). The Chemistry of Peroxonitrites (J. Edwards & R. Plumb). Metal Chalcogenide Cluster Chemistry (I. Dance & K.Fisher). Indexes.
£272.65
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Syntheses 35
Book SynopsisThe Inorganic Syntheses series provides all users of inorganic substances with detailed and foolproof procedures for the preparation of important and timely compounds. * Includes complete, up-to-date procedures involving important inorganic substances * Contains subject, contributor, and formula indexes .Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. Dedication. Notice to Contributors and Checkers. Toxic Substances and Laboratory Hazards. Chapter One COMPLEXES OF BULKY ß-DIKETIMINATE LIGANDS. 1. Introduction. 2. ß-Diketiminate Precursors HLMe,Me3 and TlLMe,Me3 (LMe,Me3 = 2,4-Bis-(Mesitylimido)Pentyl). 3. ß-Diketiminate Precursors LMe,iPr2H, [LMe,iPr2Li]x, and [LtBu,iPr2K]x (LMe,iPr2 = 2,4-Bis-(2,6-Diisopropylphenylimido)Pentyl; LtBu,iPr2 = 2,2,6,6- Tetramethyl-3,5-Bis-(2,6-Diisopropylphenylimido)Heptyl). 4. ß-Diketiminate Precursors LtBu,iPr2H and LtBu,iPr2Li(THF) (LtBu,iPr2=2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5- Bis-(2,6-Diisopropylphenylimido)Heptyl). 5. Scandium Trichloride Tris(Tetrahydrofuran) and ß-Diketiminate-Supported Scandium Chloride Complexes. 6. ß-Diketiminate-Supported Titanium and Vanadium Dichloride Complexes. 7. ß-Diketiminate-Supported Vanadium and Chromium Chloride Complexes. 8. ß-Diketiminate-Supported Manganese and Zinc Complexes. 9. Iron 2,4-Bis-(2,6-Diisopropylphenylimido)Pentyl Chloride (LMe,iPr2FeCl). 10. Iron 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5-Bis-(2,6-Diisopropylphenylimido)Heptyl Chloride (LtBu,iPr2FeCl). 11. Cobalt 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5-Bis-(2,6-Diisopropylphenylimido) Heptyl Chloride (LtBu,iPr2CoCl). 12. ß-Diketiminate-Supported Nickel(II) and Nickel(I) Complexes of LMe,Me3 (LMe,Me3 = 2,4-Bis-(Mesitylimido)Pentyl). 13. Nickel 2,4-Bis-(2,6-Diisopropylphenylimido)Pentyl Chloride Dimer, [LMe,iPr2Ni(µ-Cl)]2. 14. Bis[Copper 2,4-Bis-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenylimido)Pentyl] Toluene, (LMe,Me3Cu)2(µ-n2:n2-C7H8). 15. Copper 2,4-Bis-(2,6-Diisopropylphenylimido)Pentyl Chloride (LMe,iPr2CuCl). Chapter Two BORON CLUSTER COMPOUNDS. 16. Salts of Dodecamethylcarba-closo-Dodecaborate(—) Anion, CB11Me12, and the Radical Dodecamethylcarba-closo-Dodecaboranyl, CB11Me12. 17. Cesium Dodecahydroxy-closo-Dodecaborate, Cs2[B12(OH)12]. Chapter Three COORDINATION COMPOUNDS. 18. Pentaaquanitrosylchromium Sulfate. 19. The Tetradentate Bispidine Ligand Dimethyl-(3,7-Dimethyl-9-oxo-2,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane)-1, 5-dicarboxylate and Its Copper(ll) Complex. 20. Tris(2-Picolinyl)Methane and Its Copper(I) Complex. Chapter Four CARBENE LIGANDS AND COMPLEXES. 21. 1,3-Dialkyl-Imidazole-2-Ylidenes. 22. A Chelating Rhodium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex by Transmetallation from a Silver–NHC Intermediate. 23. Rhodium and Iridium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes from Imidazolium Carboxylates. Chapter Five FUNCTIONAL LIGANDS AND COMPLEXES. 24. N-tert-Butyl ortho-Aminophenol, ortho-Iminoquinone, and a Zirconium(IV) bis(Aminophenolate) Complex. 25. Synthesis of the Water-Soluble Bidentate (P, N) Ligand PTN(Me) (PTN(Me) = 7-Phospha-3-methyl-1,3,5-triazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane). 26. Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks: MOF-5 and MOF-177. Chapter Six ORGANOMETALLIC REAGENTS. 27. Tricarbonyl 1,3,5-Trimethyl-1,3,5-Triazacyclohexane Complexes of Chromium(0), Molybdenum(0), and Tungsten(0) [M(CO)3(Me3TACH) (M = Cr, Mo, W)]. 28. Manganese Tricarbonyl Transfer (MTT) Agents. 29. Bis(1,5-Cyclooctadiene)Nickel(0). 30. Sodium (n5-Cyclopentadienyl)Tris(Dimethylphosphito-P) Cobaltate(III), Na[(C5H5)Co{P(O)(OMe)2}3]. Chapter Seven BIO-INSPIRED IRON AND NICKEL COMPLEXES. 31. Iron–Cyanocarbonyl Complexes [PPN][Fe(CO)4(CN)] and [PPN][FeBr(CO)3(CN)2]. 32. Nickel Complexes of Bis(Diethylphosphinomethyl) Methylamine. 33. Monomeric Iron(II) Complexes Having Two Sterically Hindered Arylthiolates. 34 (1,3-Propanedithiolato)-Hexacarbonyldiiron and Cyanide Derivatives. Chapter Eight RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES. 35. Ruthenium(II)-Chlorido Complexes of Dimethylsulfoxide. 36. Synthesis of Chloride-Free Ruthenium(II) Hexaaqua Tosylate, [Ru(H2O)6]tos2. 37. Basic Ruthenium Acetate and Mixed Valence Derivatives. 38. Di-µ-Chloro(Ethylbenzoate)Diruthenium(II), [(n6-etb)RuCl2]2. Chapter Nine IRIDIUM COMPLEXES. 39. The Diphosphine tfepma and its Diiridium Complex Ir20,II(tfepma)3Cl2. 40. Heteroleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes. 41. Oxygen and Carbon Bound Acetylacetonato Iridium(III) Complexes. Contributor Index. Subject Index. Formula Index.
£127.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc NMR Spectroscopy of the NonMetallic Elements
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£771.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Theoretical Treatments of Hydrogen Bonding
Book SynopsisThe reader is presented in this book with the state of the art key theoretical approaches to the phenomena of hydrogen bonding, considering the hydrogen bond in a range of systems.Table of ContentsThe Hydrogen Bond: An Electrostatic Interaction? (A. Buckingham). Ab Initio Methods Applied to Hydrogen-Bonded Systems (J. de Rejdt& F. van Duijneveldt). Density Functional Theory and its Application to Hydrogen-BondedSystems (H. Guo, et al.). Ab Initio GIAO Magnetic Shielding Tensor for Hydrogen-BondedSystems (J. Hinton & K. Wolinski). Hydrogen Bonding by Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Methods (D.Hadzi & J. Koller). Simulating Proton Transfer Processes: Quantum Dynamics Embedded ina Classical Environment (H. Berendsen & J. Mavri). Theory of Solvent Effects and the Description of ChemicalReactions: Proton and Hydride Transfer Processes (O. Tapia, etal.). Infrared Spectra of Hydrogen Bonds: Basic Theories, Indirect andDirect Relaxation Mechanisms in Weak Hydrogen-Bonded Systems (O.Henri-Rousseau & P. Blaise). Infrared Pump-Probe Spectroscopy of Water on Pico- andSubpicosecond Time Scales (S. Bratos & A. Laubereau). Hydrogen Bonding and Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation in Liquids (H.Hertz). Collective Behavior of Hydrogen Bonds in Ferroelectrics and ProtonGlasses (R. Blinc & R. Pirc). Computational Experiments on Hydrogen-Bonded Systems: From GasPhase to Solutions (E. Clementi & G. Corongiu). Epilogue: On Hydrogen-Bond Computations in Very Large ChemicalSystems (E. Clementi). Indexes. List of Compounds and Hydrogen-Bonded Systems.
£328.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Crystallization Processes
Book SynopsisAn overview of crystallization processes of organic and inorganic substances from various homogeneous liquids. Crystal structures, phase transitions and crystallization rates are described in the book in connection with the structure of ions, complexes and molecules of the solution phase.Table of ContentsCrystallization of Electrolytes from the Viewpoint of CoordinationChemistry (K. Waizumi, et al.). Mechanisms of Crystal Growth of Ionic Crystals in Solution:Formation, Transformation, and Growth Inhibition of CalciumCarbonates (K. Sawada). Crystal Growth of Alkali Salts from Concentrated Aqueous Solutions(K. Shigematsu). Molecular Aspects of the Polymorphic Crystallization of Amino Acidsand Lipids (M. Kitamura, et al.). Protein Crystallization at the Initial Stage--Studies onSupersaturated Solutions (M. Ataka). MD Simulations of Crystal Growth from Liquid Metals, AqueousSolutions and Ionic Melts (I. Okada & H. Ohtaki).
£359.96
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Modern ChlorAlkali Technology Volume 8
Book SynopsisThe latest technical developments in the chlorine industry are addressed in this work, with emphasis on operational improvements. The effects of economic, political, environmental and safety issues surrounding the industry are covered.Table of ContentsEmission of chlorine dioxide in hypochlorite production unit in the steady state and at peak load; Ethylene Dichloride - Part of the Chloralkali Plant?; New Process Options for Hypochlorite Destruction; Electrode Management Optimisation System; Brine purification by ion exchange with water elution; Chlorine Production with Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes in Industrial Scale; Advanced Diaphragm Cell Technology (ADCT)TM; Chlorine Processing Beyond the Millenium-The Use of Gas-separation Membranes; Advanced Cell Technology with Flemion Membranes and the AZEC Bipolar Electrolyzer; New Electrolyzer Design For High Current Density; Process To Remove Sulfate, Iodide And Silica From Brine; A Dynamic Model Of A Mercury Chlorine Cell; Back-Pulse Filtration Using GORE-TEX? Membrane Filter Cloths Improved Brine Treatment for New Electrolyzers; Cost saving in Chlorine Plants by benefiting from the unique properties of Titanium; The Chlor-Alkali Business. Dr Douglas J Hutchison; Phase-Out Issues For Mercury Cell Technology In The Chlor-Alkali Industry; Euro Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment; High Current Density Operation of Chloralkali Electrolyzers - The Standard for the New Millennium; Gas Diffusion Electrodes For Chlorine related (production) Technologies; Deactivation Of Thermally Formed Ruo2 + Tio2 Coatings During Chlorine Evolution: Mechanisms And Reactivation Measures; Commercialisation of kvaerner chemetics' Sulphate removal system; Hypochlorite recycle to diaphragm cells at the Diaphragm Electrolysis Plant Delfzijl; 'Practical Operating Differences in Converting a Diaphragm Cell Chloralkali Plant to a Membrane Electrolyser Plant'; Know-how and Technology - Improving The Return On Investment For Conversions, Expansions And New Chlorine Plants; Replacement Of Mercury Chlor-Alkali Plants With New Membrane Plants In Australia; BiChlor Chlor-Alkali Membrane Electrolyser; Index
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John Wiley & Sons Inc Arrow Pushing in Inorganic Chemistry
Book SynopsisInvolved as it is with 95% of the periodic table, inorganic chemistry is one of the foundational subjects of scientific study. Inorganic catalysts are used in crucial industrial processes and the field, to a significant extent, also forms the basis of nanotechnology. Unfortunately, the subject is not a popular one for undergraduates. This book aims to take a step to change this state of affairs by presenting a mechanistic, logical introduction to the subject. Organic teaching places heavy emphasis on reaction mechanisms - arrow-pushing - and the authors of this book have found that a mechanistic approach works just as well for elementary inorganic chemistry. As opposed to listening to formal lectures or learning the material by heart, by teaching students to recognize common inorganic species as electrophiles and nucleophiles, coupled with organic-style arrow-pushing, this book serves as a gentle and stimulating introduction to inorganic chemistry, providing students with theTable of ContentsForeword xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii 1. A Collection of Basic Concepts 1 1.1 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles: The SN2 Paradigm 2 1.2 What Makes for a Good Nucleophile? 5 1.3 Hard and Soft Acids and Bases: The HSAB Principle 8 1.4 pKa Values: What Makes for a Good Leaving Group? 9 1.5 Redox Potentials 11 1.6 Thermodynamic Control: Bond Dissociation Energies (BDEs) 11 1.7 Bimolecular β-Elimination (E2) 14 1.8 Proton Transfers (PTs) 15 1.9 Elementary Associative and Dissociative Processes (A and D) 16 1.10 Two-Step Ionic Mechanisms: The SN2-Si Pathway 19 1.11 Two-Step Ionic Mechanisms: The SN1 and E1 Pathways 20 1.12 Electrophilic Addition to Carbon–Carbon Multiple Bonds 22 1.13 Electrophilic Substitution on Aromatics: Addition–Elimination 23 1.14 Nucleophilic Addition to Carbon–Heteroatom Multiple Bonds 24 1.15 Carbanions and Related Synthetic Intermediates 26 1.16 Carbenes 29 1.17 Oxidative Additions and Reductive Eliminations 30 1.18 Migrations 32 1.19 Ligand Exchange Reactions 33 1.20 Radical Reactions 35 1.21 Pericyclic Reactions 37 1.22 Arrow Pushing: Organic Paradigms 38 1.23 Inorganic Arrow Pushing: Thinking Like a Lone Pair 38 1.24 Definitions: Valence, Oxidation State, Formal Charge, and Coordination Number 40 1.25 Elements of Bonding in Hypervalent Compounds 41 1.26 The λ Convention 45 1.27 The Inert Pair Effect 46 1.28 Summary 47 Further Reading 48 2. The s-Block Elements: Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals 50 2.1 Solubility 51 2.2 The s-Block Metals as Reducing Agents 52 2.3 Reductive Couplings 53 2.4 Dissolving Metal Reactions 56 2.5 Organolithium and Organomagnesium Compounds 58 2.6 Dihydrogen Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) 61 2.7 A MgI –MgI Bond 63 2.8 Summary 64 Further Reading 65 3. Group 13 Elements 66 3.1 Group 13 Compounds as Lewis Acids 67 3.2 Hydroboration 70 3.3 Group 13-Based Reducing Agents 73 3.4 From Borazine to Gallium Arsenide: 13–15 Compounds 76 3.5 Low-Oxidation-State Compounds 80 3.6 The Boryl Anion 87 3.7 Indium-Mediated Allylations 88 3.8 Thallium Reagents 89 3.9 Summary 94 Further Reading 94 4. Group 14 Elements 96 4.1 Silyl Protecting Groups 98 4.2 A Case Study: Peterson Olefination 103 4.3 Silanes 104 4.4 The β-Silicon Effect: Allylsilanes 106 4.5 Silyl Anions 109 4.6 Organostannanes 112 4.7 Polystannanes 113 4.8∗ Carbene and Alkene Analogs 115 4.9∗ Alkyne Analogs 120 4.10 Silyl Cations 122 4.11 Glycol Cleavage by Lead Tetraacetate 124 4.12 Summary 127 Further Reading 128 5A. Nitrogen 129 5A.1 Ammonia and Some Other Common Nitrogen Nucleophiles 130 5A.2 Some Common Nitrogen Electrophiles: Oxides, Oxoacids, and Oxoanions 131 5A.3 N–N Bonded Molecules: Synthesis of Hydrazine 133 5A.4 Multiple Bond Formation: Synthesis of Sodium Azide 135 5A.5 Thermal Decomposition of NH4NO 2 and NH4NO 3 137 5A.6 Diazonium Salts 138 5A.7 Azo Compounds and Diazene 140 5A.8 ∗ Imines and Related Functional Groups: The Wolff–Kishner Reduction and the Shapiro Reaction 144 5A.9 Diazo Compounds 146 5A.10 Nitrenes and Nitrenoids: The Curtius Rearrangement 149 5A.11 Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide 151 5A.12 Summary 155 Further Reading 155 5B. The Heavier Pnictogens 156 5B.1 Oxides 158 5B.2 Halides and Oxohalides 160 5B.3 Phosphorus in Biology: Why Nature Chose Phosphate 163 5B.4 Arsenic-Based DNA 166 5B.5 Arsenic Toxicity and Biomethylation 168 5B.6 Alkali-Induced Disproportionation of Phosphorus 171 5B.7 Disproportionation of Hypophosphorous Acid 173 5B.8 The Arbuzov Reaction 175 5B.9 The Wittig and Related Reactions: Phosphorus Ylides 176 5B.10 Phosphazenes 180 5B.11∗ The Corey–Winter Olefination 185 5B.12 Triphenylphosphine-Mediated Halogenations 187 5B.13∗ The Mitsunobu Reaction 188 5B.14∗ The Vilsmeier–Haack Reaction 191 5B.15 SbF5 and Superacids 193 5B.16 Bismuth in Organic Synthesis: Green Chemistry 195 5B.17 Summary 200 Further Reading 200 6. Group 16 Elements: The Chalcogens 202 6.1 The Divalent State: Focus on Sulfur 204 6.2 The Divalent State: Hydrogen Peroxide 205 6.3 S2Cl2 and SCl2 209 6.4 Nucleophilic Breakdown of Cyclopolysulfur Rings 211 6.5 Cyclooctachalcogen Ring Formation 213 6.6 Higher-Valent States: Oxides and Oxoacids 215 6.7 Sulfur Oxochlorides 219 6.8 Ozone 222 6.9 Swern and Related Oxidations 226 6.10 Sulfur Ylides and Sulfur-Stabilized Carbanions 228 6.11∗ Hydrolysis of S2F2: A Mechanistic Puzzle 231 6.12 Higher-Valent Sulfur Fluorides 234 6.13 Martin Sulfurane 236 6.14 Lawesson’s Reagent 238 6.15 Sulfur Nitrides 240 6.16∗ Selenium-Mediated Oxidations 243 6.17 Higher-Valent Tellurium: A Mechanistic Puzzle 247 6.18 Summary 250 Further Reading 251 7. The Halogens 252 7.1 Some Notes on Elemental Halogens 254 7.2 Alkali-Induced Disproportionation of Molecular Halogens 258 7.3 Acid-Induced Comproportionation of Halate and Halide 260 7.4 Hypofluorous Acid, HOF 261 7.5 Electrophilic Fluorinating Agents: N-Fluoro Compounds 264 7.6 Oxoacids and Oxoanions 268 7.7 Heptavalent Chlorine 271 7.8 Interhalogen Compounds 275 7.9∗ Halogens in Organic Synthesis: Some Classical Reactions 276 7.10 An Introduction to Higher-Valent Organoiodine Compounds 283 7.11 λ3-Iodanes 284 7.12 λ5-Iodanes: IBX and Dess–Martin Periodinane 288 7.13 Periodic Acid Oxidations 290 7.14 Bromine Trifluoride 291 7.15∗ Aryl-λ3-Bromanes 294 7.16 Summary 298 Further Reading 299 8. The Noble Gases 300 8.1 The Xenon Fluorides: Fluoride Donors and Acceptors 302 8.2 O/F Ligand Exchanges 303 8.3 Xenon Fluorides as F+ Donors and Oxidants 304 8.4 Hydrolysis of XeF2 and XeF4 306 8.5 Xenate and Perxenate 307 8.6 Disproportionation of Xenate 308 8.7 Hydrolysis of XeF4 310 8.8 Other Compounds Containing Xe–O Bonds 311 8.9 Xe–N Bonds 312 8.10 Xe–C Bonds 313 8.11 Krypton Difluoride 314 8.12 Plus Ultra 316 8.13 Summary 316 Further Reading 316 Epilogue 318 Appendix A. Inorganic Chemistry Textbooks, with a Descriptive-Inorganic Focus 319 A.1 Introductory Texts 319 A.2 Advanced Texts 319 Appendix B. A Short List of Advanced Organic Chemistry Textbooks 320 Index 321
£56.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Organic Reactions Volume 78
Book SynopsisThis volume in the venerable Organic Reactions series contains three chapters focusing on the introduction or the removal of nitrogen from organic compounds. The first chapter features a classic chemical reaction for introducing nitrogen into organic compounds, namely the Schmidt Reaction. The second chapter highlights a less-well-known yet fascinating transformation that introduces nitrogen into organic compounds, The Neber Rearrangement. The third chapter describes an unusual class of reactions that involve the loss of small molecular fragments from a ring, where separate carbon atoms unite to form alkenes.Table of ContentsCHAPTER PAGE 1. THE SCHMIDT REACTION Aaron Wrobleski, Thomas C. Coombs, Chan Woo Huh, Sze-Wan Li, and Jeffrey Aub´e 1 2. THE NEBER REARRANGEMENT William F. Berkowitz 321 3. TWOFOLD EXTRUSION REACTIONS Lynn James Guziec and Frank S. Guziec, Jr 411 CUMULATIVE CHAPTER TITLES BY VOLUME 551 AUTHOR INDEX, VOLUMES 1–78 567 CHAPTER AND TOPIC INDEX, VOLUMES 1–78 573
£117.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Chemical Biology
Book SynopsisUnderstanding, identifying and influencing the biological systems are the primary objectives of chemical biology. From this perspective, metal complexes have always been of great assistance to chemical biologists, for example, in structural identification and purification of essential biomolecules, for visualizing cellular organelles or to inhibit specific enzymes. This inorganic side of chemical biology, which continues to receive considerable attention, is referred to as inorganic chemical biology. Inorganic Chemical Biology: Principles, Techniques and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the current and emerging role of metal complexes in chemical biology. Throughout all of the chapters there is a strong emphasis on fundamental theoretical chemistry and experiments that have been carried out in living cells or organisms. Outlooks for the future applications of metal complexes in chemical biology are Table of ContentsAbout the Editor xiii List of Contributors xv Preface xix Acknowledgements xxi 1. New Applications of Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography in Chemical Biology 1 Rachel Codd, Jiesi Gu, Najwa Ejje and Tulip Lifa 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Principles and Traditional Use 2 1.3 A Brief History 4 1.4 New Application 1: Non-protein Based Low Molecular Weight Compounds 5 1.4.1 Siderophores 6 1.4.2 Anticancer Agent: Trichostatin A 10 1.4.3 Anticancer Agent: Bleomycin 12 1.4.4 Anti-infective Agents 13 1.4.5 Other Agents 14 1.4.6 Selecting a Viable Target 15 1.5 New Application 2: Multi-dimensional Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography 17 1.6 New Application 3: Metabolomics 20 1.7 New Application 4: Coordinate-bond Dependent Solid-phase Organic Synthesis 20 1.8 Green Chemistry Technology 21 1.9 Conclusion 23 Acknowledgments 24 References 24 2. Metal Complexes as Tools for Structural Biology 37 Michael D. Lee, Bim Graham and James D. Swarbrick 2.1 Structural Biological Studies and the Major Techniques Employed 37 2.2 What do Metal Complexes have to Offer the Field of Structural Biology? 38 2.3 Metal Complexes for Phasing in X-ray Crystallography 39 2.4 Metal Complexes for Derivation of Structural Restraints via Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy 41 2.4.1 Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (PRE) 42 2.4.2 Residual Dipolar Coupling (RDC) 43 2.4.3 Pseudo-Contact Shifts (PCS) 43 2.4.4 Strategies for Introducing Lanthanide Ions into Bio-Macromolecules 44 2.5 Metal Complexes as Spin Labels for Distance Measurements via EPR Spectroscopy 53 2.6 Metal Complexes as Donors for Distance Measurements via Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (LRET) 54 2.7 Concluding Statements and Future Outlook 56 References 56 3. AAS, XRF, and MS Methods in Chemical Biology of Metal Complexes 63 Ingo Ott, Christophe Biot and Christian Hartinger 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) 64 3.2.1 Fundamentals and Basic Principles of AAS 64 3.2.2 Instrumental and Technical Aspects of AAS 65 3.2.3 Method Development and Aspects of Practical Application 67 3.2.4 Selected Application Examples 69 3.3 Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TXRF) 72 3.3.1 Fundamentals and Basic Principles of TXRF 72 3.3.2 Instrumental/Methodical Aspects of TXRF and Applications 73 3.4 Subcellular X-ray Fluorescence Imaging of a Ruthenium Analogue of the Malaria Drug Candidate Ferroquine Using Synchrotron Radiation 74 3.4.1 Application of X-ray Fluorescence in Drug Development Using Ferroquine as an Example 75 3.5 Mass Spectrometric Methods in Inorganic Chemical Biology 80 3.5.1 Mass Spectrometry and Inorganic Chemical Biology: Selected Applications 83 3.6 Conclusions 90 Acknowledgements 90 References 90 4. Metal Complexes for Cell and Organism Imaging 99 Kenneth Yin Zhang and Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo 4.1 Introduction 99 4.2 Photophysical Properties 100 4.2.1 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence 100 4.2.2 Two-photon Absorption 101 4.2.3 Upconversion Luminescence 102 4.3 Detection of Luminescent Metal Complexes in an Intracellular Environment 104 4.3.1 Confocal Laser-scanning Microscopy 104 4.3.2 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy 105 4.3.3 Flow Cytometry 106 4.4 Cell and Organism Imaging 107 4.4.1 Factors Affecting Cellular Uptake 107 4.4.2 Organelle Imaging 116 4.4.3 Two-photon and Upconversion Emission Imaging for Cells and Organisms 133 4.4.4 Intracellular Sensing and Labeling 136 4.5 Conclusion 143 Acknowledgements 143 References 143 5. Cellular Imaging with Metal Carbonyl Complexes 149 Luca Quaroni and Fabio Zobi 5.1 Introduction 149 5.2 Vibrational Spectroscopy of Metal Carbonyl Complexes 151 5.3 Microscopy and Imaging of Cellular Systems 154 5.3.1 Techniques of Vibrational Microscopy 155 5.4 Infrared Microscopy 155 5.4.1 Concentration Measurements with IR Spectroscopy and Spectromicroscopy 157 5.4.2 Water Absorption 158 5.4.3 Metal Carbonyls as IR Probes for Cellular Imaging 158 5.4.4 In Vivo Uptake and Reactivity of Metal Carbonyl Complexes 162 5.5 Raman Microscopy 167 5.5.1 Concentration Measurements with Raman Spectroscopy and Spectromicroscopy 169 5.5.2 Metal Carbonyls as Raman Probes for Cellular Imaging 169 5.6 Near-field Techniques 171 5.6.1 Concentration Measurements with Near-field Techniques 172 5.6.2 High-resolution Measurement of Intracellular Metal–Carbonyl Accumulation by Photothermal Induced Resonance 173 5.7 Comparison of Techniques 175 5.8 Conclusions and Outlook 176 Acknowledgements 177 References 178 6. Probing DNA Using Metal Complexes 183 Lionel Marcélis, Willem Vanderlinden and Andrée Kirsch-De Mesmaeker 6.1 General Introduction 183 6.2 Photophysics of Ru(II) Complexes 184 6.2.1 The First Ru(II) Complex Studied in the Literature: [Ru(bpy)3]2+ 184 6.2.2 Homoleptic Complexes 186 6.2.3 Heteroleptic Complexes 186 6.2.4 Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) and Energy Transfer Processes 188 6.3 State-of-the-art on the Interactions of Mononuclear Ru(II) Complexes with Simple Double-stranded DNA 190 6.3.1 Studies on Simple Double-stranded DNAs 191 6.3.2 Influence of DNA on the Emission Properties 193 6.4 Structural Diversity of the Genetic Material 194 6.4.1 Mechanical Properties of DNA 195 6.4.2 DNA Topology 195 6.4.3 SMF Study with [Ru(phen)2(PHEHAT)]2+ and [Ru(TAP)2(PHEHAT)]2+ 198 6.5 Unusual Interaction of Dinuclear Ru(II) Complexes with Different DNA Types 200 6.5.1 Reversible Interaction of [{(Ru(phen)2}2HAT]4+ with Denatured DNA 201 6.5.2 Targeting G-quadruplexes with Photoreactive [{Ru(TAP)2}2TPAC]4+ 204 6.5.3 Threading Intercalation 205 6.6 Conclusions 207 Acknowledgement 208 References 208 7. Visualization of Proteins and Cells Using Dithiol-reactive Metal Complexes 215 Danielle Park, Ivan Ho Shon, Minh Hua, Vivien M. Chen and Philip J. Hogg 7.1 The Chemistry of As(III) and Sb(III) 215 7.2 Cysteine Dithiols in Protein Function 217 7.3 Visualization of Dithiols in Isolated Proteins with As(III) 218 7.4 Visualization of Dithiols on the Mammalian Cell Surface with As(III) 218 7.5 Visualization of Dithiols in Intracellular Proteins with As(III) 219 7.6 Visualization of Tetracysteine-tagged Recombinant Proteins in Cells with As(III) 219 7.7 Visualization of Cell Death in the Mouse with Optically Labelled As(III) 220 7.7.1 Cell Death in Health and Disease 220 7.7.2 Cell Death Imaging Agents 222 7.7.3 Visualization of Cell Death in Mouse Tumours, Brain and Thrombi with Optically Labelled As(III) 223 7.8 Visualization of Cell Death in Mouse Tumours with Radio-labelled As(III) 225 7.9 Summary and Perspectives 227 References 227 8. Detection of Metal Ions, Anions and Small Molecules Using Metal Complexes 233 Qin Wang and Katherine J. Franz 8.1 How Do We See What’s in a Cell? 233 8.1.1 Why Metal Complexes as Sensors? 234 8.1.2 Design Strategies for Sensors Built with Metal Complexes 234 8.1.3 General Criteria of Metal-based Sensors for Bioimaging 236 8.2 Metal Complexes for Detection of Metal Ions 236 8.2.1 Tethered Sensors for Detecting Metal Ions 237 8.2.2 Displacement Sensors for Detecting Metal Ions 240 8.2.3 MRI Contrast Agents for Detecting Metal Ions 240 8.2.4 Chemodosimeters for Metal Ions 249 8.3 Metal Complexes for Detection of Anions and Neutral Molecules 252 8.3.1 Tethered Approach: Metal Complex as Recognition Unit 255 8.3.2 Displacement Approach: Metal Complex as Quencher 258 8.3.3 Dosimeter Approach 262 8.4 Conclusions 268 Acknowledgements 268 Abbreviations 268 References 269 9. Photo-release of Metal Ions in Living Cells 275 Celina Gwizdala and Shawn C. Burdette 9.1 Introduction to Photochemical Tools Including Photocaged Complexes 275 9.2 Calcium Biochemistry and Photocaged Complexes 278 9.2.1 Strategies for Designing Photocaged Complexes for Ca2+ 278 9.2.2 Biological Applications of Photocaged Ca2+ Complexes 282 9.3 Zinc Biochemistry and Photocaged Complexes 284 9.3.1 Biochemical Targets for Photocaged Zn2+ Complexes 284 9.3.2 Strategies for Designing Photocaged Complexes for Zn2+ 286 9.4 Photocaged Complexes for Other Metal Ions 291 9.4.1 Photocaged Complexes for Copper 291 9.4.2 Photocaged Complexes for Iron 295 9.4.3 Photocaged Complexes for Other Metal Ions 297 9.5 Conclusions 298 Acknowledgment 298 References 298 10. Release of Bioactive Molecules Using Metal Complexes 309 Peter V. Simpson and Ulrich Schatzschneider 10.1 Introduction 309 10.2 Small-molecule Messengers 310 10.2.1 Biological Generation and Delivery of CO, NO, and H2S 310 10.2.2 Metal–Nitrosyl Complexes for the Cellular Delivery of Nitric Oxide 311 10.2.3 CO-releasing Molecules (CORMs) 314 10.3 “Photouncaging” of Neurotransmitters from Metal Complexes 321 10.3.1 “Caged” Compounds 321 10.3.2 “Uncaging” of Bioactive Molecules 322 10.4 Hypoxia Activated Cobalt Complexes 324 10.4.1 Bioreductive Activation of Cobalt Complexes 324 10.4.2 Hypoxia-activated Cobalt Prodrugs of DNA Alkylators 326 10.4.3 Hypoxia-activated Cobalt Prodrugs of MMP Inhibitors 329 10.5 Summary 333 Acknowledgments 333 References 323 11. Metal Complexes as Enzyme Inhibitors and Catalysts in Living Cells 341 Julien Furrer, Gregory S. Smith and Bruno Therrien 11.1 Introduction 341 11.2 Metal-based Inhibitors: From Serendipity to Rational Design 342 11.2.1 Mimicking the Structure of Known Enzyme Binders 342 11.2.2 Coordinating Known Enzymatic Inhibitors to Metal Complexes 343 11.2.3 Exchanging Ligands to Inhibit Enzymes 344 11.2.4 Controlling Conformation by Metal Coordination 344 11.2.5 Competing with Known Metallo-Enzymatic Processes 345 11.3 The Next Generation: Polynuclear Metal Complexes as Enzyme Inhibitors 346 11.3.1 Polyoxometalates: Broad Spectrum Enzymatic Inhibitory Effects 347 11.3.2 Polynuclear G-quadruplex DNA Stabilizers: Potential Inhibitors of Telomerase 349 11.3.3 Polynuclear Polypyridyl Ruthenium Complexes: DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibitors 352 11.4 Metal Complexes as Catalysts in Living Cells 355 11.4.1 Catalysis of NAD+/NADH 355 11.4.2 Oxidation of the Thiols Cysteine and Glutathione 357 11.4.3 Cytotoxicity Controlled by Oxidation 361 11.5 Catalytic Conversion and Removal of Functional Groups 361 11.6 Catalytically Controlled Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation 362 11.7 Conclusion 364 References 364 12. Other Applications of Metal Complexes in Chemical Biology 373 Tanmaya Joshi, Malay Patra and Gilles Gasser 12.1 Introduction 373 12.2 Surface Immobilization of Proteins and Enzymes 373 12.3 Metal Complexes as Artificial Nucleases 378 12.3.1 Mono- and Multinuclear Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes 380 12.3.2 Lanthanide Complexes 388 12.4 Cellular Uptake Enhancement Using Metal Complexes 390 12.5 Conclusions 394 Acknowledgments 394 References 394 Index 403
£114.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Progress in Inorganic Chemistry 114
Book SynopsisThis series provides inorganic chemists and materials scientists with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Volume 58 continues to report recent advances with a significant, up-to-date selection of contributions by internationally-recognized researchers.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Tris(dithiolene) Chemistry: A Golden Jubilee 1Stephen Sproules Chapter 2 How to Find an HNO Needle in a (Bio)-Chemical Haystack 145Fabio Doctorovich, Damian E. Bikiel, Juan Pellegrino, Sebastián A. Suárez, and Marcelo A. Martí Chapter 3 Photoactive Metal Nitrosyl and Carbonyl Complexes Derived from Designed Auxiliary Ligands: An Emerging Class of Photochemotherapeutics 185Brandon J. Heilman, Margarita A. Gonzalez, and Pradip K. Mascharak Chapter 4 Metal–Metal Bond-Containing Complexes as Catalysts for C-H Functionalization 225Katherine P. Kornecki, John F. Berry, David C. Powers, and Tobias Ritter Chapter 5 Activation of Small Molecules by Molecular Uranium Complexes 303Henry S. La Pierre and Karsten Meyer Chapter 6 Reactive Transition Metal Nitride Complexes 417Jeremy M. Smith Subject Index 471 Cumulative Index 495
£121.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Organic Reactions Volume 84
Book SynopsisThe two chapters in Volume 84 describe transition metal catalyzed processes that form carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-oxygen bonds in very interesting and practical ways. The first chapter authored by Christina Moberg describes an important subset of one of the earliest and most important enantioselective carbon-carbon bond forming reactions that employ transition metal complexes, namely molybdenum-catalyzed, asymmetric allylic alkylations. The second chapter authored by Brian W. Michel, Laura D. Steffens, and Matthew S. Sigman deals with one of the oldest examples of transition metal catalyzed oxidation, known as the Wacker process.Table of Contents1. Molybdenum-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations Christina Moberg 1 2. The Wacker Oxidation Brian W. Michel, Laura D. Steffens, and Matthew S. Sigman 75 Cumulative Chapter Titles by Volume 415 Author Index, Volumes 1–84 431 Chapter and Topic Index, Volumes 1–84 437
£128.70
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Chemistry for Geochemistry and
Book SynopsisInorganic Chemistry for Geochemistry and Environmental Sciences: Fundamentals and Applications discusses the structure, bonding and reactivity of molecules and solids of environmental interest, bringing the reactivity of non-metals and metals to inorganic chemists, geochemists and environmental chemists from diverse fields. Understanding the principles of inorganic chemistry including chemical bonding, frontier molecular orbital theory, electron transfer processes, formation of (nano) particles, transition metal-ligand complexes, metal catalysis and more are essential to describe earth processes over time scales ranging from 1 nanosec to 1 Gigayr. Throughout the book, fundamental chemical principles are illustrated with relevant examples from geochemistry, environmental and marine chemistry, allowing students to better understand environmental and geochemical processes at the molecular level. Topics covered include:Thermodynamics and kinetics of redoxTable of ContentsAbout the Author xv Preface xvii Companion Website xix 1. Inorganic Chemistry and the Environment 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 Energetics of Processes 1 1.2 Neutron–Proton Conversion 3 1.3 Element Burning Reactions – Buildup of Larger Elements 4 1.4 Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy 5 1.4.1 The “r” and “s” Processes 6 1.5 Nuclear Stability (Radioactive Decay) 8 1.6 Atmospheric Synthesis of Elements 8 1.7 Abundance of the Elements 8 1.7.1 The Cosmos and the Earth’s Lithosphere 8 1.7.2 Elemental Abundance (Atmosphere, Oceans, and Human Body) 10 1.8 Scope of Inorganic Chemistry in Geochemistry and the Environment 17 1.8.1 Elemental Distribution Based on Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis 17 1.8.2 Stratified Waters and Sediments – the Degradation of Organic Matter by Alternate Electron Acceptors 19 1.9 Summary 21 1.9.1 Environmental Inorganic Chemistry 22 References 22 2. Oxidation–Reduction Reactions (Redox) 24 2.1 Introduction 24 2.1.1 Energetics of Half Reactions 24 2.1.2 Standard Potential and the Stability of a Chemical Species of an Element 26 2.2 Variation of Standard Potential with pH (the Nernst Equation) 29 2.3 Thermodynamic Calculations and pH Dependence 29 2.4 Stability Field of Aqueous Chemical Species 31 2.5 Natural Environments 32 2.6 Calculations to Predict Favorable Chemical Reactions 32 2.6.1 Coupling Half-Reactions 34 2.6.2 One-Electron Oxygen Transformations with Fe2+ and Mn2+ to Form O2− 35 2.7 Highly Oxidizing Conditions 38 2.7.1 Ozonolysis Reactions 38 2.7.2 Atmospheric Redox Reactions 39 Appendix 2.1 Gibbs Free Energies of Formation 43 References 43 3. Atomic Structure 45 3.1 History 45 3.2 The Bohr Atom 46 3.3 The Schrodinger Wave Equation 47 3.4 Components of the Wave Function 50 3.4.1 Radial Part of the Wave Function, R(r) 50 3.4.2 Angular Part of the Wavefunction Ylml(𝜃, 𝜙) and Atomic Orbitals 54 3.5 The Four Quantum Numbers 56 3.6 The Polyelectronic Atoms and the Filling of Orbitals for the Atoms of the Elements 58 3.7 Aufbau Principle 61 3.8 Atomic Properties 62 3.8.1 Orbitals Energies and Shielding 62 3.8.2 Term Symbols: Coupling of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum 63 3.8.3 Periodic Properties – Atomic Radius 67 3.8.4 Periodic Properties – Ionization Potential (IP) 67 3.8.5 Periodic Properties – Electron Affinity (EA) 71 3.8.6 Periodic Properties – Electronegativity (𝜒) 74 3.8.7 Periodic Properties – Hardness (𝜂) 75 References 77 4. Symmetry 79 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Symmetry Concepts 79 4.2.1 Symmetry Operation 79 4.2.2 Symmetry Element 79 4.2.3 Symmetry Elements and Operations 80 4.3 Point Groups 84 4.3.1 Special Groups and Platonic Solids/Polyhedra 85 4.3.2 Examples of the Use of the Scheme for Determining Point Groups 88 4.4 Optical Isomerism and Symmetry 92 4.4.1 Dichloro-Allene Derivatives (C3H2Cl2) 92 4.4.2 Tartaric Acid 93 4.4.3 Cylindrical Helix Molecules 93 4.5 Fundamentals of Group Theory 93 4.5.1 C2v Point Group 95 4.5.2 Explanation of the Character Table 96 4.5.3 Generation of the Irreducible Representations (C2v Case) 97 4.5.4 Notation for Irreducible Representations 97 4.5.5 Some Important Properties of the Characters and their Irreducible Representations 98 4.5.6 Nonindependence of x and y Transformations (Higher Order Rotations) 98 4.6 Selected Applications of Group Theory 101 4.6.1 Generation of a Reducible Representation to Describe a Molecule 101 4.6.2 Determining the IR and Raman Activity of Vibrations in Molecules 104 4.6.3 Determining the Vibrational Modes of Methane, CH4 105 4.6.4 Determining the Irreducible Representations and Symmetry of the Central Atom’s Atomic Orbitals that Form Bonds 107 4.7 Symmetry Adapted Linear Combination (SALC) of Orbitals 111 4.7.1 Sigma Bonding with Hydrogen as Terminal Atom 111 4.7.2 Sigma and Pi Bonding with Atoms Other than Hydrogen as Terminal Atom 114 Appendix 4.1 Some Additional useful Character Tables 120 References 122 5. Covalent Bonding 123 5.1 Introduction 123 5.1.1 Lewis Structures and the Octet Rule 123 5.1.2 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) 126 5.2 Valence Bond Theory (VBT) 127 5.2.1 H2 and Valence Bond Theory 129 5.2.2 Ionic Contributions to Covalent Bonding 130 5.2.3 Polyatomic Molecules and Valence Bond Theory 131 5.3 Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT) 132 5.3.1 H2 132 5.3.2 Types of Orbital Overlap 137 5.3.3 Writing Generalized Wave Functions 138 5.3.4 Brief Comments on Computational Methods and Computer Modeling 139 5.3.5 Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules (A2) 140 5.3.6 Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules and Ions (AB; HX) – Sigma Bonds Only 144 5.3.7 Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules and Ions (AB) – Sigma and Pi Bonds 147 5.4 Understanding Reactions and Electron Transfer (Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory) 150 5.4.1 Angular Overlap 151 5.4.2 H+ +OH− 151 5.4.3 H2 +D2 152 5.4.4 H2 +F2 153 5.4.5 H2 +C2 154 5.4.6 H2 +N2 (also CO+H2) 154 5.4.7 Dihalogens as Oxidants 156 5.4.8 O2 as an Oxidant and its Reaction with H2S and HS− 157 5.5 Polyatomic Molecules and Ions 161 5.5.1 H3+ Molecular Cation 161 5.5.2 BeH2 – Linear Molecule with Sigma Bonds Only 163 5.5.3 H2O – Angular Molecule with Sigma Bonds Only 165 5.6 Tetrahedral and Pyramidal Species with Sigma Bonds only (CH4, NH4+, SO42−) 168 5.6.1 CH4 168 5.6.2 NH3 (C3v) 170 5.6.3 BH3 and the Methyl Cation, CH3+ (D3h) 172 5.7 Triatomic Compounds and Ions Involving 𝜋 Bonds (A3, AB2, and ABC) 175 5.7.1 A3 Linear Species 175 5.7.2 AB2 Linear Species CO2 (COS and N2O) 178 5.7.3 O3, NO2−, and SO2 (Angular Molecules) 180 5.8 Planar Species (BF3, NO3−, CO32−, SO3) 182 Appendix 5.1 Bond Energies for Selected Bonds 184 Appendix 5.2 Energies of LUMOs and HOMOs 185 References 186 6. Bonding in Solids 189 6.1 Introduction 189 6.2 Covalent Bonding in Metals: Band Theory 189 6.2.1 Atomic Orbital Combinations for Metals 189 6.2.2 Metal Conductors 191 6.2.3 Semiconductors and Insulators 191 6.2.4 Fermi Level 193 6.2.5 Density of States (DOS) 194 6.2.6 Doping of Semiconductors 195 6.2.7 Structures of Solids 196 6.3 Ionic Solids 200 6.3.1 Solids AX Stoichiometry 200 6.3.2 Solids with Stoichiometry of AX2, AO2, A2O3, ABO3 (Perovskite), AB2O4 (Spinel) 203 6.3.3 Crystal Radii 205 6.3.4 Radius Ratio Rule 205 6.3.5 Lattice Energy 207 6.3.6 Born–Haber Cycle 209 6.3.7 Thermal Stability of Ionic Solids 210 6.3.8 Defect Crystal Structures 212 6.4 Nanoparticles and Molecular Clusters 214 References 217 7. Acids and Bases 219 7.1 Introduction 219 7.2 Arrhenius and Bronsted–Lowry Definitions 219 7.3 Hydrolysis of Metal–Water Complexes 222 7.4 Hydration of Anhydrous Acidic and Basic Oxides 223 7.4.1 Acidic Oxides 223 7.4.2 Basic Oxides 224 7.4.3 Amphoteric Oxides 224 7.5 Solvent System Definition 224 7.5.1 Leveling Effect 225 7.6 Gas Phase Acid–Base Strength 225 7.6.1 H3+ as a Reactant 227 7.7 Lewis Definition 227 7.7.1 MOT 228 7.7.2 Molecular Iodine Adducts or Complexes as Examples 228 7.7.3 Thermodynamics of Lewis Acid–Base Reactions 229 7.7.4 Lewis Acid–Base Reactions of CO2 and I2 with Water and Hydroxide Ion 230 7.7.5 Lewis Acid–Base Competitive Reactions 232 7.8 Classification of Acids and Bases 232 7.8.1 Irving–Williams Stability Relationship for the First Transition Metal Series 232 7.8.2 Class “a” and “b” Acids and Bases 233 7.8.3 Hard Soft Acid Base (HSAB) Theory 233 7.9 Acid–Base Properties of Solids 235 References 235 8. Introduction to Transition Metals 237 8.1 Introduction 237 8.2 Coordination Geometries 237 8.3 Nomenclature 240 8.3.1 Complex Ion is Positive 241 8.3.2 Complex Ion is Negative 242 8.3.3 Complex Ion with Multiple Ligands 242 8.3.4 Complex Ion with Ligand that can Bind with More Than One Atom (Ambidentate) 243 8.3.5 Complex Ion with Multidentate Ligands 243 8.3.6 Two Complex Ions with a Bridging Ligand 243 8.4 Bonding and Isomers for Octahedral Geometry 243 8.4.1 Ionization Isomerism 244 8.4.2 Hydrate (Solvate) Isomers 244 8.4.3 Coordination Isomerism 245 8.4.4 Linkage Isomerism 245 8.4.5 Geometrical Isomerism – Four Coordination 246 8.4.6 Optical Isomerism in Octahedral Geometry 248 8.5 Bonding Theories for Transition Metal Complexes 250 8.5.1 Valence Bond Theory 251 8.5.2 Crystal Field Theory 252 8.6 Molecular Orbital Theory 268 8.6.1 Case 1 – Octahedral Geometry (Sigma Bonding Only) 268 8.6.2 Case 2 – Octahedral Geometry (Sigma Bonding Plus Ligand 𝜋 Donor) 271 8.6.3 Case 3 – Octahedral Geometry (Sigma Bonding Plus Ligand 𝜋 Acceptor) 272 8.7 Angular Overlap Model 274 8.7.1 AOM and 𝜋 Ligand Donor Bonding 277 8.7.2 AOM and 𝜋 Ligand Acceptor Bonding 278 8.7.3 MOT, Electrochemistry, and the Occupancy of Electrons in d Orbitals in Oh 278 8.7.4 AOM and Other Geometries 279 8.8 More on Spectroscopy of Metal–Ligand Complexes 281 8.8.1 Charge Transfer Electronic Transitions 282 8.8.2 Electronic Spectra, Spectroscopic Terms, and the Energies of the Terms for d→d Transitions 283 8.8.3 Energy and Spatial Description of the Electron Transitions Between t2g and eg * Orbitals 296 8.8.4 More Details on Correlation Diagrams 297 8.8.5 Luminescence 299 8.8.6 Magnetism and Spin Crossover in Octahedral Complexes and Natural Minerals 301 8.8.7 Note about f Orbitals in Cubic Symmetry (Oh) 303 References 303 9. Reactivity of Transition Metal Complexes: Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Catalysis 305 9.1 Thermodynamics Introduction 305 9.1.1 Successive Stability Constants on Water Substitution 305 9.1.2 The Chelate Effect 307 9.2 Kinetics of Ligand Substitution Reactions 308 9.2.1 Kinetics of Water Exchange for Aqua Complexes 310 9.2.2 Intimate Mechanisms for Ligand Substitution Reactions 310 9.2.3 Kinetic Model and Activation Parameters 311 9.2.4 Dissociative Versus Associative Preference for Octahedral Ligand Substitution Reactions 314 9.2.5 Stoichiometric Mechanisms 315 9.2.6 Tests for Reaction Mechanisms 320 9.3 Substitution in Octahedral Complexes 321 9.3.1 Examples of Dissociative Activated Mechanisms 321 9.3.2 Associative Activated Mechanisms 322 9.4 Intimate Mechanisms Affected by Steric Factors (Dissociative Preference) 324 9.4.1 Intimate Mechanisms Affected by Ligands in Cis versus Trans Positions (Dissociative Preference) 324 9.4.2 Base Hydrolysis 325 9.5 Intimate versus Stoichiometric Mechanisms 327 9.6 Substitution in Square Planar Complexes (Associative Activation Predominates) 328 9.6.1 Effect of Leaving Group 330 9.6.2 Effect of Charge 330 9.6.3 Nature of the Intermediate – Electronic Factors 330 9.6.4 Nature of the Intermediate – Steric Factors 331 9.7 Metal Electron Transfer Reactions 332 9.7.1 Outer Sphere Electron Transfer 333 9.7.2 Cross Reactions 337 9.7.3 Inner Sphere Electron Transfer 339 9.8 Photochemistry 341 9.8.1 Redox 341 9.8.2 Photosubstitution Reactions d→d 341 9.8.3 LMCT and Photoreduction 342 9.8.4 MLCT Simultaneous Substitution and Photo-Oxidation Redox 342 9.9 Effective Atomic Number (EAN) Rule or the Rule of 18 342 9.10 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Organometallic Compounds 344 9.11 Electron Transfer to Molecules during Transition Metal Catalysis 345 9.12 Oxidation Addition (OXAD) and Reductive Elimination (Redel) Reactions 346 9.13 Metal Catalysis 347 9.13.1 OXO or Hydroformylation Process 348 9.13.2 Heck Reaction 350 9.13.3 Methyl Transferases 350 9.13.4 Examples of Abiotic Organic Synthesis (Laboratory and Nature) 351 9.13.5 The Haber Process Revisited 353 References 353 10. Transition Metals in Natural Systems 356 10.1 Introduction 356 10.2 Factors Governing Metal Speciation in the Environment and in Organisms 356 10.3 Transition Metals Essential for Life 358 10.4 Important Environmental Iron and Manganese Reactions 359 10.4.1 Oxidation of Fe2+ and Mn2+ by O2 – Environmentally Important Metal Electron Transfer Reactions 360 10.4.2 Redox Properties of Iron–Ligand Complexes 363 10.4.3 Metal Ions Exhibiting Outer Sphere Electron Transfer 364 10.5 Oxygen (O2) Storage and Transport 364 10.5.1 Hemoglobin 365 10.5.2 Hemocyanin and Hemerythrin 368 10.6 Oxidation of CH4, Hydrocarbons, NH4+ 368 10.6.1 Cytochrome P450: An Example of Cytochrome (Heme – O2) Redox Chemistry 369 10.6.2 Conversion of NH4+ to NO3− (Nitrification or Aerobic Ammonium Oxidation) 371 10.7 Oxygen Production in Photosynthesis 372 References 374 11. Solid Phase Iron and Manganese Oxidants and Reductants 377 11.1 Introduction 377 11.2 Reduction of Solid MnO2 and Fe(OH)3 by Sulfide 377 11.2.1 Fe(III) and Mn(IV) Electron Configurations 378 11.2.2 MnO2 Reaction with Sulfide 379 11.2.3 Fe(OH)3 Reaction with Sulfide 382 11.3 Pyrite, FeS2, Oxidation 384 11.3.1 Pyrite Reacting with O2 384 11.3.2 Pyrite Reacting with Soluble Fe(III) 385 11.3.3 Pyrite Reacting with Dihalogens and Cr2+ 387 References 388 12. Metal Sulfides in the Environment and in Bioinorganic Chemistry 390 12.1 Introduction 390 12.2 Idealized Molecular Reaction Schemes from Soluble Complexes to ZnS and CuS Solids 391 12.3 Nanoparticle Size and Filtration 394 12.4 Ostwald Ripening versus Oriented Attachment 394 12.5 Metal Availability and Detoxification for MS Species 396 12.6 Iron Sulfide Chemistry 396 12.6.1 FeSmack (Mackinawite) 396 12.6.2 FeSmack Conversion to Pyrite, FeS2 397 12.6.3 FeS as a Catalyst in Organic Compound Formation 400 12.6.4 FeS as an Electron Transfer Agent in Biochemistry 400 12.7 More on the Nitrogen Cycle (Nitrate Reduction, Denitrification, and Anammox) 402 Appendix 12.1 PbS Nanoparticle Model and Size Ranges of Natural Materials 404 References 404 13. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Metal Uptake by Organisms 406 13.1 Introduction 406 13.1.1 Conditional Metal–Ligand Stability Constants 407 13.1.2 Thermodynamic Metal–Ligand Stability Constants 409 13.2 Metal Uptake Pathways 410 13.2.1 Ion Channels for Potassium 411 13.2.2 Metal Uptake by Cells via Ligands on Membranes 413 13.2.3 Evaluation of kf , kd, and KcondM′L′ from Laboratory and Natural Samples 418 References 420 Index 421
£72.15
John Wiley & Sons Inc Progress in Inorganic Chemistry Volume 59
Book SynopsisThis series provides inorganic chemists and materials scientists with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Volume 59 continues to report recent advances with a significant, up-to-date selection of contributions by internationally-recognized researchers. The chapters of this volume are devoted to the following topics: Iron Catalysis in Synthetic Chemistry A New Paradigm for Photodynamic Therapy Drug Design: Multifunctional, Supramolecular DNA Photomodification Agents Featuring Ru(II)/Os(II) Light Absorbers Coupled to Pt(II) or Rh(III) Bioactive Sites Selective Binding of Zn2+ Complexes to Non-Canonical Thymine or Uracil in DNA or RNA. Progress Toward the Electrocatalytic Production of Liquid Fuels from Carbon Dioxide Monomeric Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes: Synthesis and Reactivity Interactions of Nitrosoalkanes/arenes, Nitrosamines, Nitrosothiols, and Alkyl Nitrites with Metals AminoTable of ContentsChapter 1 Iron Catalysis in Synthetic Chemistry 1 SUJOY RANA, ATANU MODAK, SOHAM MAITY, TUHIN PATRA, AND DEBABRATA MAITI Chapter 2 A New Paradigm for Photodynamic Therapy Drug Design: Multifunctional, Supramolecular DNA Photomodification Agents Featuring Ru(II)/Os(II) Light Absorbers Coupled to Pt(II) or Rh(III) Bioactive Sites 189 JESSICA D. KNOLL AND KAREN J. BREWER Chapter 3 Selective Binding of Zn2 Complexes to Non-Canonical Thymine or Uracil in DNA or RNA 245 KEVIN E. SITERS, STEPHANIE A. SANDER, AND JANET R. MORROW Chapter 4 Progress Toward the Electrocatalytic Production of Liquid Fuels from Carbon Dioxide 299 JOEL ROSENTHAL Chapter 5 Monomeric Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes: Synthesis and Reactivity 339 CAMLY T. TRAN, KELSEY M. SKODJE, AND EUNSUK KIM Chapter 6 Interactions of Nitrosoalkanes/arenes, Nitrosamines, Nitrosothiols, and Alkyl Nitrites with Metals 381 NAN XU AND GEORGE B. RICHTER-ADDO Chapter 7 Aminopyridine Iron and Manganese Complexes as Molecular Catalysts for Challenging Oxidative Transformations 447 ZOEL CODOLA, JULIO LLORET-FILLOL, AND MIQUEL COSTAS Subject Index 533 Cumulative Index 561
£141.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Organic Reactions Volume 85
Book SynopsisVolume 85 represents the ninth single chapter volume to be produced in Organic Reactions'' 72-year history. The original authors, Drs. Shaughnessy and DeVasher, have compiled an enormous (and growing) literature and distilled it into an extraordinarily useful treatise on all aspects of the copper-catalyzed amination process. Given the myriad types of nitrogen-based nucleophiles and various ligand sets and reaction conditions, the authors have done an outstanding job of identifying the best options for various permutations of donor and acceptor. This comprehensive treatment of so many different options constitutes a dream field guide for the perplexed chemist who wants to know how best to approach the formation of a C-N bond in a target structure and whether copper or palladium catalysis is recommended.Table of Contents1. Copper-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl and Alkenyl Electrophiles 1 Kevin H. Shaughnessy, Engelbert Ciganek, and Rebecca B. DeVasher Cumulative Chapter Titles by Volume 669 Author Index, Volumes 1–85 685 Chapter and Topic Index, Volumes 1–85 691
£143.10
John Wiley & Sons Inc Organic Reactions Volume 87
Book SynopsisThe first chapter describes the manifold ways in which the latent functionality embedded in the humble heterocycle furan can be revealed by various oxidative processes.The second chapter details the fascinating cycloaddition and electrocyclization chemistry of unsaturated ketenes. The third chapter chronicles the development of a remarkable organometallic reaction of unactivated alkenes and alkynes, namely carbozincation.Table of Contents1. Oxidative Cleavage of FuransPedro Merino 1 2. Cycloaddition and Electrocyclic Reactions of Vinylketenes, Allenylketenes, and AlkynylketenesNanyan Fu and Thomas T. Tidwell 257 3. Carbozincation Reactions of Carbon–Carbon Multiple BondsGenia Sklute, Hannah Cavender, and Ilan Marek 507 Cumulative Chapter Titles by Volume 765 Author Index, Volumes 1–87 781 Chapter and Topic Index, Volumes 1–87 787
£138.60
John Wiley & Sons Inc Bioinorganic Chemistry
Book SynopsisIntroduces students to the basics of bioinorganic chemistry This book provides the fundamentals for inorganic chemistry and biochemistry relevant to understanding bioinorganic topics. It provides essential background material, followed by detailed information on selected topics, to give readers the background, tools, and skills they need to research and study bioinorganic topics of interest to them. To reflect current practices and needs, instrumental methods and techniques are referred to and mixed in throughout the book. Bioinorganic Chemistry: A Short Course, Third Edition begins with a chapter on Inorganic Chemistry and Biochemistry Essentials. It then continues with chapters on: Computer Hardware, Software, and Computational Chemistry Methods; Important Metal Centers in Proteins; Myoglobins, Hemoglobins, Superoxide Dismutases, Nitrogenases, Hydrogenases, Carbonic Anhydrases, and Nitrogen Cycle Enzymes. The book concludes with chapters on NanobioinorgTable of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Biography xix About the Companion Page xxi 1 Inorganic Chemistry and Biochemistry Essentials 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Essential Chemical Elements 1 1.3 Inorganic Chemistry Basics 3 1.4 Electronic and Geometric Structures of Metals in Biological Systems 4 1.5 Thermodynamics and Kinetics 13 1.6 Bioorganometallic Chemistry 16 1.7 Inorganic Chemistry Conclusions 22 1.8 Introduction to Biochemistry 22 1.9 Proteins 23 1.9.1 Amino Acid Building Blocks 23 1.9.2 Protein Structure 26 1.9.3 Protein Function Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics 30 1.10 DNA and RNA Building Blocks 32 1.10.1 DNA and RNA Molecular Structures 33 1.10.2 Transmission of Genetic Information 40 1.10.3 Genetic Mutations and Site‐Directed Mutagenesis 43 1.10.4 Genes and Cloning 44 1.10.5 Genomics and the Human Genome 46 1.10.6 CRISPR 47 1.11 A Descriptive Example: Electron Transport Through DNA 51 1.11.1 Cyclic Voltammetry 55 1.12 Summary and Conclusions 57 1.13 Questions and Thought Problems 57 References 58 2 Computer Hardware, Software, and Computational Chemistry Methods 63 2.1 Introduction to Computer‐Based Methods 63 2.2 Computer Hardware 63 2.3 Computer Software for Chemistry 66 2.3.1 Chemical Drawing Programs 67 2.3.2 Visualization Programs 67 2.3.3 Computational Chemistry Software 68 2.3.3.1 Molecular Dynamics (MD) Software 70 2.3.3.2 Mathematical and Graphing Software 71 2.4 Molecular Mechanics (MM), Molecular Modeling, and Molecular Dynamics (MD) 71 2.5 Quantum Mechanics‐Based Computational Methods 72 2.5.1 Ab‐Initio Methods 72 2.5.2 Semiempirical Methods 73 2.5.3 Density Functional Theory and Examples 73 2.5.3.1 Starting with Schrodinger 74 2.5.3.2 Density Functional Theory (DFT) 75 2.5.3.3 Basis Sets 76 2.5.3.4 DFT Applications 78 2.5.4 Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Methods 81 2.6 Conclusions on Hardware, Software, and Computational Chemistry 81 2.7 Databases, Visualization Tools, Nomenclature, and other Online Resources 82 2.8 Questions and Thought Problems 84 References 85 3 Important Metal Centers In Proteins 89 3.1 Iron Centers in Myoglobin and Hemoglobin 89 3.1.1 Introduction 89 3.1.2 Structure and Function as Determined by X‐ray Crystallography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 92 3.1.3 Cryo‐Electron Microscopy and Hemoglobin Structure/Function 95 3.1.3.1 Introduction 95 3.1.3.2 Cryo‐Electron Microscopy Techniques 95 3.1.3.3 Structures Determined Using Cryo‐Electron Microscopy 98 3.1.4 Model Compounds 100 3.1.5 Blood Substitutes 102 3.2 Iron Centers in Cytochromes 102 3.2.1 Cytochrome c Oxidase 103 3.2.2 Cytochrome c Oxidase (CcO) Structural Studies 105 3.2.3 Cytochrome c Oxidase (CcO) Catalytic Cycle and Energy Considerations 108 3.2.4 Proton Channels in Cytochrome c Oxidase 110 3.2.5 Cytochrome c Oxidase Model Compounds 113 3.3 Iron–Sulfur Clusters in Nitrogenase 120 3.3.1 Introduction 120 3.3.2 Nitrogenase Structure and Catalytic Mechanism 121 3.3.3 Mechanism of Dinitrogen (N2) Reduction 123 3.3.4 Substrate Pathways into Nitrogenase 127 3.3.5 Nitrogenase Model Compounds 130 3.3.5.1 Functional Nitrogenase Models 130 3.3.5.2 Structural Nitrogenase Models 135 3.4 Copper and Zinc in Superoxide Dismutase 137 3.4.1 Introduction 137 3.4.2 Superoxide Dismutase Structure and Mechanism of Catalytic Activity 139 3.4.3 A Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Model Compound 143 3.5 Methane Monooxygenase 144 3.5.1 Introduction 144 3.5.2 Soluble Methane Monooxygenase 145 3.5.3 Particulate Methane Monooxygenase 148 3.6 Summary and Conclusions 152 3.7 Questions and Thought Problems 153 References 154 4 Hydrogenases, Carbonic Anhydrases, Nitrogen Cycle Enzymes 165 4.1 Introduction 165 4.2 Hydrogenases 166 4.2.1 Introduction 166 4.2.2 [NiFe]‐hydrogenases 168 4.2.2.1 [NiFe]‐hydrogenase Model Compounds 171 4.2.3 [FeFe]‐hydrogenases 174 4.2.3.1 [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Model Compounds 179 4.2.4 [Fe]‐hydrogenases 181 4.2.4.1 [Fe]‐Hydrogenase Model Compounds 181 4.3 Carbonic Anhydrases 182 4.3.1 Introduction 182 4.3.2 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors 183 4.4 Nitrogen Cycle Enzymes 186 4.4.1 Introduction 186 4.4.2 Nitric Oxide synthase 188 4.4.2.1 Introduction 188 4.4.2.2 Nitric Oxide Synthase Structure 188 4.4.2.3 Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors 189 4.4.3 Nitrite Reductase 194 4.4.3.1 Introduction 194 4.4.3.2 Reduction of Nitrite Ion to Ammonium Ion 194 4.4.3.3 Reduction of Nitrite Ion to Nitric Oxide 195 4.5 Summary and Conclusions 207 4.6 Questions and Thought Problems 207 References 208 5 Nanobioinorganic Chemistry 213 5.1 Introduction to Nanomaterials 213 5.2 Analytical Methods 215 5.2.1 Microscopy 216 5.2.1.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 216 5.2.1.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 216 5.2.1.3 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) 218 5.2.1.4 Cryo‐Electron Microscopy 218 5.2.1.5 Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) 218 5.2.1.6 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 219 5.2.1.7 Super‐Resolution Microscopy and DNA‐PAINT 220 5.2.2 Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) 221 5.3 DNA Origami 222 5.4 Metallized DNA Nanomaterials 224 5.4.1 Introduction 224 5.4.2 DNA‐Coated Metal Electrodes 225 5.4.3 Plasmonics and DNA 225 5.5 Bioimaging with Nanomaterials, Nanomedicine, and Cytotoxicity 228 5.5.1 Introduction 228 5.5.2 Imaging with Nanomaterials 230 5.5.3 Bioimaging using Quantum Dots (QD) 233 5.5.4 Nanoparticles in Therapeutic Nanomedicine 233 5.5.4.1 Clinical Nanomedicine 235 5.5.4.2 Some Drugs Formulated into Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment: Cisplatinum, Platinum(IV) Prodrugs, and Doxorubicin 236 5.6 Theranostics 239 5.7 Nanoparticle Toxicity 240 5.8 Summary and Conclusions 241 5.9 Questions and Thought Problems 241 References 242 6 Metals In Medicine, Disease States, Drug Development 247 6.1 Platinum Anticancer Agents 247 6.1.1 Cisplatin 249 6.1.1.1 Cisplatin Toxicity 249 6.1.1.2 Mechanism of Cisplatin Activity 250 6.1.2 Carboplatin (Paraplatin) 251 6.1.3 Oxaliplatin 251 6.1.4 Other cis‐Platinum(II) Compounds 252 6.1.4.1 Nedaplatin 252 6.1.4.2 Lobaplatin 252 6.1.4.3 Heptaplatin 253 6.1.5 Antitumor Active Trans Platinum compounds 253 6.1.6 Platinum Drug Resistance 258 6.1.7 Combination Therapies: Platinum‐Containing Drugs with Other Antitumor Compounds 260 6.1.8 Platinum(IV) Antitumor Drugs 262 6.1.8.1 Satraplatin 262 6.1.8.2 Ormaplatin 263 6.1.8.3 Iproplatin, JM9, CHIP 263 6.1.9 Platinum(IV) Prodrugs 264 6.1.9.1 Multitargeted Platinum(IV) Prodrugs 264 6.1.9.2 Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Delivered via Nanoparticles 266 6.2 Ruthenium Compounds as Anticancer Agents 267 6.2.1 Ruthenium(III) Anticancer Agents 267 6.2.2 Ruthenium(II) Anticancer Agents 269 6.2.3 Mechanism of Ruthenium(II) Anticancer Agent Activity 271 6.2.4 Ruthenium Compounds Tested for Antitumor Activity 271 6.3 Iridium and Osmium Antitumor Agents 274 6.4 Other Antitumor Agents 278 6.4.1 Gold Complexes 278 6.4.2 Titanium Complexes 278 6.4.3 Copper Complexes 279 6.5 Bismuth Derivatives as Antibacterials 281 6.6 Disease States, Drug Discovery, and Treatments 282 6.6.1 Superoxide Dismutases (SOD) in Disease States 282 6.6.2 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 287 6.6.3 Wilson’s and Menkes Disease 291 6.6.4 Alzheimer’s disease 296 6.6.4.1 Role of Amyloid β Protein 296 6.6.4.2 Interactions of Aβ Peptides with Metals 298 6.6.4.3 Alzheimer’s Disease Treatments 299 6.7 Other Disease States Involving Metals 302 6.7.1 Copper and Zinc Ions and Cataract Formation 302 6.7.2 As2O3 used in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) 302 6.7.3 Vanadium‐based Type 2 Diabetes Drugs 303 6.8 Summary and Conclusions 305 6.9 Questions and Thought Problems 306 References 308 Index 315
£73.76
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Book SynopsisOffers grounding in organic fluorine chemistry for chemists in the pharmaceutical, specialty chemicals and polymer industries. This title presents a reference source and entry to the literature of fluorine chemistry.Trade Review"In this second, completely revised and enlarged edition, Richard Chambers, a leading expert in the field, brings together everything of importance to fluorine in organic synthesis. With almost 2000 references, this long-awaited revised edition is an indipensible source of high-quality information for everyone working in the filed of fluorine chemistry. More generally, this comprehensive handbook will also prove of great value to all those working in organic chemistry" Chemistry World "[This] monograph makes an excellent contribution to the diverse and rich field. [Fluorine in Organic Chemistry] is skillfully crafted to cover various synthetic and mechanistic facets by one of the doyens of the organofluorine chemistry." Richard D. Chambers "Extensive tables and figures are quite informative and well referenced to the original literature. The author is to be commended for succinctly covering a diverse and interdisciplinary field in a systematic approach." G. K. Surya Prakash Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California "[An] essential addition to the library of anyone involved in the field but also to any university library as a standard reference." Physical Science Education ReviewsTable of ContentsGeneral discussion of organic fluorine chemistry; Preparation of highly fluorinated compounds; Partial or selective fluorination; The influence of fluorine of fluorocarbon groups on some reaction centres; Nucleophilic displacement of halogen from fluorocarbon systems; Elimination reactions; Polyfluoroalkanes, polyfluoroalkenes, and derivatives; Functional compounds containing oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen and their derivatives; Polyfluoroaromatic compounds; Organometallic reagents; References; Index
£190.76
Springer Ceramic Materials
Book SynopsisPreface to the First Edition.- Preface to the Second Edition.- Foreword.- PART I: History and Introduction.- Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: Some History.- PART II: Materials.- Chapter 3: Background You Need to Know.- Chapter 4: Bonds and Energy Bands.- Chapter 5: Models, Crystals and Chemistry.- Chapter 6: Binary Compounds.- Chapter 7: Complex Crystal and Glass Structures.- Chapter 8: Equilibrium Phase Diagrams.- PART III: Tools.- Chapter 9: Furnaces.- Chapter 10: Characterizing Structure, Defects and Chemistry.- PART IV: Defects.- Chapter 11: Point Defects, Charge and Diffusion.- Chapter 12: Are Dislocations Unimportant?.- Chapter 13: Surfaces, Nanoparticles and Foams.- Chapter 14: Interfaces in Polycrystals.- Chapter 15: Phase Boundaries, Particles and Pores.- PART V: Mechanical Strength and Weakness.- Chapter 16: Mechanical Testing.- Chapter 17: Plasticity.- Chapter 18: Fracturing: Brittleness.- PART VI: Processing.- Chapter 19: Raw Materials.- Chapter 20: Powders, Fibers,PTrade ReviewFrom the book reviews:“I will definitely select this book as a textbook for a class on this subject. … The book includes general backgrounds materials, the basics of ceramic materials science and advanced applications of ceramic science and technology. Therefore, non-specialists (even non-science majors) including undergraduate, and graduate students as well as experts in the field can learn from various parts of in this book.” (Katsuhiko Ariga, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, Vol. 24, 2014)Table of ContentsPreface to the First EditionPreface to the Second EditionForewordPART I: History and IntroductionChapter 1: Introduction1.1 Definitions1.2 General Properties1.3 Types of Ceramic and their Applications1.4 Market1.5 Critical Issues for the Future1.6 Relating Microstructure, Processing and Applications1.7 Safety1.8 Ceramics on the Internet1.9 On UnitsChapter 2: Some History2.1 Earliest Ceramics: the Stone Age2.2 Ceramics in Ancient Civilizations2.3 Clay2.4 Types of Pottery2.5 Glazes2.6 Development of a Ceramics Industry2.7 Plaster and Cement2.8 Brief History of Glass2.9 Brief History of Refractories2.10 Major Landmarks of the 20th Century2.11 Museums2.12 Societies2.13 Ceramic EducationPART II: MaterialsChapter 3: Background You Need to Know3.1 The Atom3.2 Energy Levels3.3 Electron Waves3.4 Quantum Numbers3.5 Assigning Quantum Numbers3.6 Ions3.7 Electronegativity3.8 Thermodynamics: the Driving Force for Change3.9 Kinetics: the Speed of ChangeChapter 4: Bonds and Energy Bands4.1 Types of Interatomic Bond4.2 Young’s Modulus4.3 Ionic Bonding4.4 Covalent Bonding4.5 Metallic Bonding in Ceramics4.6 Mixed Bonding4.7 Secondary Bonding4.8 Electron Energy BandsChapter 5: Models, Crystals and Chemistry5.1 Terms and Definitions5.2 Symmetry and Crystallography5.3 Lattice Points, Directions and Planes5.4 The Importance of Crystallography5.5 Pauling’s Rules5.6 Close-Packed Arrangements: Interstitial Sites5.7 Notation for Crystal Structures5.8 Structure, Composition and Temperature5.9 Crystals, Glass, Solids and Liquid5.10 Defects5.11 Computer ModelingChapter 6: Binary Compounds6.1 Background6.2 CsCl6.3 NaCl (MgO, TiC, PbS) 6.4 GaAs (β-SiC) 6.5 AlN (BeO, ZnO) 6.6 CaF26.7 FeS26.8 Cu2O6.9 CuO6.10 TiO26.11 Al2O36.12 MoS2 and CdI26.13 Polymorphs, Polytypes and PolytypoidsChapter 7: Complex Crystal and Glass Structures7.1 Introduction7.2 Spinel7.3 Perovskite7.4 The Silicates and Structures Based on SiO47.5 Silica7.6 Olivine7.7 Garnets7.8 Ring Silicates7.9 Micas and Other Layer Materials7.10 Clay Minerals7.11 Pyroxene7.12 β-Aluminas and Related Materials7.13 Calcium Aluminate and Related Materials7.14 Mullite7.15 Monazite7.16 YBa2Cu3O7 and Related HTSCs7.17 Si3N4, SiAlONs and Related Materials7.18 Fullerenes and Nanotubes7.19 Zeolites and Microporous Compounds7.20 Zachariasen’s Rules for the Structure of Glass7.21 Revisiting Glass StructuresChapter 8: Equilibrium Phase Diagrams8.1 What’s Special About Ceramics? 8.2 Determining Phase Diagrams8.3 Phase Diagrams for Ceramists: The Books8.4 Gibbs Phase Rule8.5 One Component (C = 1) 8.6 Two Components (C = 2) 8.7 Three and More Components8.8 Composition with Variable Oxygen Partial Pressure8.9 Ternary Diagrams and Temperature8.10 Congruent and Incongruent Melting8.11 Miscibility Gaps in GlassPART III: ToolsChapter 9: Furnaces9.1 The Need for High Temperatures9.2 Types of Furnace9.3 Combustion Furnaces9.4 Electrically Heated Furnaces9.5 Batch or Continuous Operation9.6 Indirect Heating9.7 Heating Elements9.8 Refractories9.9 Furniture, Tubes and Crucibles9.10 Firing Process9.11 Heat Transfer9.12 Measuring Temperature9.13 SafetyChapter 10: Characterizing Structure, Defects and Chemistry10.1 Characterizing Ceramics10.2 Imaging using Visible-Light, IR and UV10.3 Imaging using X-rays and CT scans10.4 Imaging in the SEM10.5 Imaging in the TEM10.6 Scanning-Probe Microscopy10.7 Scattering and Diffraction Techniques10.8. Photon Scattering10.9 Raman and IR Spectroscopy10.10 NMR Spectroscopy and Spectrometry10.11 Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Spectrometry10.12 Diffraction in the EM10.13 Ion Scattering (RBS) 10.14 X-ray Diffraction and Databases10.15 Neutron Scattering10.16 Mass Spectrometry10.17 Spectrometry in the EM10.18 Electron Spectroscopy10.19 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) 10.20 Thermal AnalysisPART IV: DefectsChapter 11: Point Defects, Charge and Diffusion11.1 Are Defects in Ceramics Different? 11.2 Types of Point Defects11.3 What is Special for Ceramics? 11.4 What Type of Defects Form? 11.5 Equilibrium Defect Concentrations11.6 Writing Equations for Point Defects11.7 Solid Solutions11.8 Association of Point Defects11.9 Color Centers11.10 Creation of Point Defects in Ceramics11.11 Experimental Studies of Point Defects11.12 Diffusion11.13 Diffusion in Impure, or Doped, Ceramics11.14 Movement of defects11.15 Diffusion and Ionic Conductivity11.16 ComputingChapter 12: Are Dislocations Unimportant?12.1 A Quick Review of Dislocations12.2 Summary of Dislocation Properties12.3 Observation of Dislocations12.4 Dislocations in Ceramics12.5 Structure of the Core12.6 Detailed Geometry12.7 Defects on Dislocations12.8 Dislocations and Diffusion12.9 Movement of Dislocations12.10 Multiplication of Dislocations12.11 Dislocation Interactions12.12 At the Surface12.13 Indentation, Scratching and Cracks12.14 Dislocations with Different CoresChapter 13: Surfaces, Nanoparticles and Foams13.1 Background to surfaces13.2 Ceramic Surfaces13.3 Surface Energy13.4 Surface structure13.5 Curved Surfaces and Pressure13.6 Capillarity13.7 Wetting and Dewetting13.8 Foams13.9 Epitaxy and Film Growth13.10 Film Growth in 2D: Nucleation13.11 Film Growth in 2D: Mechanisms13.12 Characterizing Surfaces13.13 Steps13.14 In situ13.15 Surfaces and Nano13.16 Computer modeling13.17 Introduction to propertiesChapter 14: Interfaces in Polycrystals14.1 What are Grain Boundaries? 14.2 For Ceramics14.3 GB Energy14.4 Low-angle GBs14.5 High-angle GBs14.6 Twin Boundaries14.7 General Boundaries14.8 GB Films14.9 Triple Junctions and GB Grooves14.10 Characterizing GBs14.11 GBs in Thin Films14.12 Space Charge and Charged Boundaries14.13 Modeling14.14 Some PropertiesChapter 15: Phase Boundaries, Particles and Pores15.1 The importance15.2 Different types15.3 Compare to other materials15.4 Energy15.5 The structure of PBs15.6 Particles15.7 Use of particles15.8 Nucleation and growth of particles15.9 Pores15.10 Measuring porosity15.11 Porous ceramics15.12 Glass/crystal phase boundaries15.13 Eutectics15.14 Metal/ceramic PBs15.15 Forming PBs by joiningPART V: Mechanical Strength and WeaknessChapter 16: Mechanical Testing16.1 Philosophy16.2 Types of testing16.3 Elastic Constants and Other ‘Constants’16.4. Effect of Microstructure on Elastic Moduli16.5. Test Temperature16.6. Test Environment16.7 Testing in Compression and Tension16.8 Three- and Four-point Bending16.9 KIc from Bend Test16.10 Indentation16.11 Fracture Toughness From Indentation16.12 Nanoindentation16.13 Ultrasonic Testing16.14 Design and Statistics16.15 SPT DiagramsChapter 17: Plasticity17.1 Plastic Deformation17.2 Dislocation Glide17.3 Slip in Alumina17.4 Plastic Deformation in single crystals17.5 Plastic Deformation in Polycrystals17.6 Dislocation Velocity and Pinning17.7 Creep17.8 Dislocation Creep17.9 Diffusion-Controlled Creep17.10 Grain-Boundary Sliding17.11 Tertiary Creep and Cavitation17.12 Creep Deformation Maps17.13 Viscous Flow17.14 SuperplasticityChapter 18: Fracturing: Brittleness18.1 The importance of brittleness18.2 Theoretical Strength—The Orowan Equation18.3 The Effect of Flaws—the Griffith Equation18.4 The Crack Tip—The Inglis Equation18.5 Stress Intensity Factor18.6 R Curves18.7 Fatigue and Stress Corrosion Cracking18.8 Failure and Fractography18.9 Toughening and Ceramic Matrix Composites18.10 Machinable Glass-Ceramics18.11 Wear18.12 Grinding and polishingPART VI: ProcessingChapter 19: Raw Materials19.1 Geology, Minerals, and Ores19.2 Mineral Formation19.3 Beneficiation19.4 Weights and Measures19.5 Silica19.6 Silicates19.7 Oxides19.8 Non OxidesChapter 20: Powders, Fibers, Platelets and Composites20.1 Making Powders20.2. Types of powders20.3 Mechanical Milling20.4 Spray Drying20.5 Powders by Sol-gel Processing20.6 Powders by Precipitation20.7 Chemical Routes to Non-oxide powders20.8 Platelets20.9 Nanopowders by Vapor-Phase reactions20.10 Characterizing Powders20.11 Characterizing Powders by Microscopy20.12 Sieving20.13 Sedimentation20.14 The Coulter counter20.15 Characterizing Powders by Light Scattering20.16 Characterizing Powders by X-Ray Diffraction20.17 Measuring Surface Area (The BET method) 20.18 Determining Particle composition and purity20.19 Making Fibers and whiskers20.20 Oxide fibers20.21 Whiskers20.22 Glass fibers20.23 Coating Fibers20.24 Making CMCs20.25 CMCs From Powders and slurries20.26 CMCs By Infiltration20.27 In-situ processesChapter 21: Glass and Glass-Ceramics21.1 Definitions21.2 History21.3 Viscosity, η21.4 Glass—A Summary of its Properties, or not21.5 Defects in Glass21.6 Heterogeneous Glass21.7 YA glass21.8 Coloring Glass21.9 Glass laser21.10 Precipitates in Glass21.11 Crystallizing Glass21.12 Glass as Glaze and Enamel21.13 Corrosion of Glass and Glaze21.14 Types of Ceramic Glasses21.15 Natural glass21.16 The Physics of GlassChapter 22: Sols, Gels and Organic Chemistry22.1 Sol-gel processing22.2 Structure and synthesis of alkoxides22.3 Properties of alkoxides22.4 The sol-gel process using metal alkoxides22.5 Characterization of the sol-gel Process22.6 Powders, coatings, fibers, crystalline or glass? Chapter 23: Shaping and Forming23.1 The Words23.2 Binders and Plasticizers23.3 Slip and Slurry23.4 Dry Pressing23.5 Hot Pressing23.6 Cold Isostatic Pressing23.7 Hot Isostatic Pressing23.8 Slip Casting23.9 Extrusion23.10 Injection molding23.11 Rapid prototyping23.12 Green machining23.13 Binder burnout23.14 Final machining23.15 Making Porous Ceramics23.16 Shaping Pottery23.17 Shaping GlassChapter 24: Sintering and Grain Growth24.1 The sintering process24.2 The terminology of sintering24.3 Capillary forces and Surface Forces24.4 Sintering spheres and wires24.5 Grain growth24.6 Sintering and Diffusion24.7 LPS24.8 Hot pressing24.9 Pinning Grain Boundaries24.10 Grain Growth24.11 Grain boundaries, surfaces and sintering24.12 Exaggerated grain growth24.13 Fabricating complex shapes24.14 Pottery24.15 Pores and Porous Ceramics24.16 Sintering with 2- and 3-phases24.17 Examples of sintering in action24.18 Computer ModelingChapter 25: Solid-State Phase Transformations & Reactions25.1 Transformations & reactions: The link25.2 The Terminology25.3 Technology25.4 Phase transformations without changing chemistry25.5 Phase transformations changing chemistry25.6 Methods for studying kinetics25.7 Diffusion through a layer: slip casting25.8 Diffusion through a layer: solid-state reactions25.9 The spinel-forming reaction25.10 Inert markers and reaction barriers25.11 Simplified Darken equation25.12 The incubation period25.13 Particle growth and the effect of misfit25.14 Thin-film reactions25.15 Reactions in an electric field25.16 Phase transformations involving glass25.17 Pottery25.18 Cement25.19 Reactions involving a gas phase25.20 Curved interfacesChapter 26: Processing Glass and Glass-Ceramics26.1 The Market for Glass and Glass Products26.2 Processing Bulk Glasses26.3 Bubbles26.4 Flat Glass26.5 Float-Glass26.6 Glass Blowing26.7 Coating Glass26.8 Safety Glass26.9 Foam Glass26.10 Sealing glass26.11 Enamel26.12 Photochromic Glass26.13 Ceramming: Changing Glass to Glass-Ceramics26.14 Glass for Art and Sculpture26.15 Glass for Science and EngineeringChapter 27: Coatings and Thick Films27.3 Dip Coating27.4 Spin Coating27.5 Spraying27.6 Electrophoretic Deposition27.7 Thick Film CircuitsChapter 28: Thin Films and Vapor Deposition28. 1 The Difference Between Thin Films and Thick Films28.2 Acronyms, Adjectives and Hyphens28.3 Requirements for Thin Ceramic Films28.4 CVD28.5. Thermodynamics of CVD28.6 CVD of Ceramic Films for Semiconductor Devices28.7 Types of CVD28.8 CVD Safety28.9 Evaporation28.10 Sputtering28.11 Molecular-beam Epitaxy28.12 Pulsed-laser Deposition28.13 Ion-beam-assisted Deposition28.14 SubstratesChapter 29: Growing Single Crystals29.1 Why Single Crystals? 29.2 A Brief History of Growing Ceramic Single Crystals29.3 Methods for Growing Single Crystals of Ceramics29.4 Melt Technique: Verneuil (Flame-Fusion) 29.5 Melt Technique: Arc-image Growth29.6 Melt Technique: Czochralski29.7 Melt Technique: Skull Melting29.8 Melt Technique: Bridgman-Stockbarger29.9 Melt Technique: HEM29.10 Applying Phase Diagrams to Single-crystal Growth29.11 Solution Technique: Hydrothermal29.12 Solution Technique: Hydrothermal Growth at Low T29.13 Solution Technique: Flux Growth29.14 Solution Technique: Growing Diamonds29.15 Vapor Technique: VLS29.16 Vapor Technique: Sublimation29.17 Preparing Substrates for Thin-film Applications29.18 Growing Nanowires and Nanotubes by VLS and notPART VII: Properties and ApplicationsChapter 30: Conducting Charge or not30.1 Ceramics as electrical conductors30.2 Conduction mechanisms in ceramics30.3 Number of conduction electrons30.4 Electron mobility30.5 Effect of temperature30.6 Ceramics with metal-like conductivity30.7 Applications for high-s ceramics30.8 Semiconducting ceramics30.9 Examples of extrinsic semiconductors30.10 Varistors30.11 Thermistors30.12 Wide-band-gap semiconductors30.13 Ion conduction30.14 Fast ion conductors30.15 Batteries30.16 Fuel cells30.17 Ceramic insulators30.18 Substrates and packages for integrated circuits30.19 Insulating layers in integrated circuits30.20 Superconductivity30.21 Ceramic superconductorsChapter 31: Locally Redistributing Charge31.1 Background on Dielectrics31.2 Ferroelectricity31.3 BaTiO3 – The Prototypical Ferroelectric31.4 Solid Solutions with BaTiO331.5 Other Ferroelectric Ceramics31.6 Relaxor Dielectrics31.7 Ceramic Capacitors31.8 Ceramic Ferroelectrics for Memory Applications31.9 Piezoelectricity31.10 Lead Zirconate-Lead Titanate (PZT) Solid Solutions31.11 Applications for Piezoelectric Ceramics31.12 Piezoelectric Materials for MEMS31.13 Pyroelectricity31.14 Applications for Pyroelectric CeramicsChapter 32: Interacting with & Generating Light32.1 Some background for optical ceramics32.2 Transparency32.3 The Refractive Index32.4 Reflection from Ceramic Surfaces32.5 Color in Ceramics32.6 Coloring Glass and Glazes32.7 Ceramic Pigments and Stains32.8 Translucent Ceramics32.9 Lamp Envelopes32.10 Fluorescence32.11 The Basics of Optical Fibers32.12 Phosphors and Emitters32.13 Solid-State Lasers32.14 Electro-Optic Ceramics for Optical Devices32.15 Reacting to Other Parts of the Spectrum32.16 Optical Ceramics in Nature32.17. Quantum Dots and Size EffectsChapter 33: Using Magnetic Fields & Storing Data33.1 A Brief History of Magnetic Ceramics33.2 Magnetic Dipoles33.3 The Basic Equations, the Words and the Units33.4 The Five Classes of Magnetic Material33.5 Diamagnetic Ceramics33.6. Superconducting Magnets33.7. Paramagnetic Ceramics33.8 Measuring χ33.9 Ferromagnetism33.10 Antiferromagnetism and CMR33.11 Ferrimagnetism33.12 Estimating the Magnetization of Ferrimagnets33.13 Magnetic Domains and Bloch Walls33.14 Imaging Magnetic Domains33.15 Motion of Domain Walls and Hysteresis Loops33.16 Hard and Soft Ferrites33.17 Microwave Ferrites33.18 Data Storage and Recording33.19. Magnetic NanoparticlesChapter 34: Responding to Temperature Changes34.1 Summary of Terms and Units34.2 Absorption and Heat Capacity34.3. Melting34.4 Vaporization34.5. Thermal Conductivity34.6 Measuring Thermal Conductivity34.7 Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity34.8 Using High Thermal Conductivity34.9 Thermal Expansion34.10 Effect of Crystal Structure on α34.11 Thermal Expansion Measurement34.12 Importance of Matching αs34.13 Applications for Low-α34.14 Thermal ShockChapter 35: Ceramics in Biology & Medicine35.1 What are Bioceramics?35.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ceramics35.3 Ceramic Implants & The Structure of Bone35.4 Alumina and Zirconia35.5 Bioactive Glasses35.6 Bioactive Glass-ceramics35.7 Hydroxyapatite35.8 Bioceramics in Composites35.9 Bioceramic Coatings35.10 Radiotherapy Glasses35.11 Pyrolytic Carbon Heart Valves35.12 Nanobioceramics35.13 Dental Ceramics35.14 BiomimeticsChapter 36: Minerals & Gems 36.1 Minerals36.2 What is a gem? 36.3 In the rough36.4 Cutting and polishing36.5 Light and Optics in Gemology36.6 Color in gems and minerals36.7 Optical Effects36.8 Identifying Minerals & Gems36.9 Chemical Stability (durability) 36.10 Diamonds, Sapphires, Rubies and Emeralds36.11 Opal36.12 Other Gems36.13 Minerals with Inclusions36.14 Treatment of Gems36.15 The Mineral & Gem Trade Chapter 37: Energy Production and Storage37.1 Some reminders37.2 Nuclear Fuel and Waste Disposal37.3 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells37.4 Photovoltaic Solar Cells37.5 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells37.6 Ceramics in Batteries37.7 Lithium-Ion Batteries37.8 Ultracapacitors37.9 Producing and Storing Hydrogen37.10 Energy Harvesting37.11 Catalysts and Catalyst SupportsChapter 38: Industry and the Environment38.1 The beginning of the modern ceramics industry38.2 Growth and globalization38.3 Types of market38.4 Case studies38.5 Emerging Areas38.6 Mining38.7 Recycling38.8 As Green MaterialsIndexDetails for Figures and Tables
£89.99
Springer Ceramic Materials
Book SynopsisPreface to the First Edition.- Preface to the Second Edition.- Foreword.- PART I: History and Introduction.- Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: Some History.- PART II: Materials.- Chapter 3: Background You Need to Know.- Chapter 4: Bonds and Energy Bands.- Chapter 5: Models, Crystals and Chemistry.- Chapter 6: Binary Compounds.- Chapter 7: Complex Crystal and Glass Structures.- Chapter 8: Equilibrium Phase Diagrams.- PART III: Tools.- Chapter 9: Furnaces.- Chapter 10: Characterizing Structure, Defects and Chemistry.- PART IV: Defects.- Chapter 11: Point Defects, Charge and Diffusion.- Chapter 12: Are Dislocations Unimportant?.- Chapter 13: Surfaces, Nanoparticles and Foams.- Chapter 14: Interfaces in Polycrystals.- Chapter 15: Phase Boundaries, Particles and Pores.- PART V: Mechanical Strength and Weakness.- Chapter 16: Mechanical Testing.- Chapter 17: Plasticity.- Chapter 18: Fracturing: Brittleness.- PART VI: Processing.- Chapter 19: Raw Materials.- Chapter 20: Powders, Fibers,PTrade ReviewFrom the book reviews:“I will definitely select this book as a textbook for a class on this subject. … The book includes general backgrounds materials, the basics of ceramic materials science and advanced applications of ceramic science and technology. Therefore, non-specialists (even non-science majors) including undergraduate, and graduate students as well as experts in the field can learn from various parts of in this book.” (Katsuhiko Ariga, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, Vol. 24, 2014)Table of ContentsPreface to the First EditionPreface to the Second EditionForewordPART I: History and IntroductionChapter 1: Introduction1.1 Definitions1.2 General Properties1.3 Types of Ceramic and their Applications1.4 Market1.5 Critical Issues for the Future1.6 Relating Microstructure, Processing and Applications1.7 Safety1.8 Ceramics on the Internet1.9 On UnitsChapter 2: Some History2.1 Earliest Ceramics: the Stone Age2.2 Ceramics in Ancient Civilizations2.3 Clay2.4 Types of Pottery2.5 Glazes2.6 Development of a Ceramics Industry2.7 Plaster and Cement2.8 Brief History of Glass2.9 Brief History of Refractories2.10 Major Landmarks of the 20th Century2.11 Museums2.12 Societies2.13 Ceramic EducationPART II: MaterialsChapter 3: Background You Need to Know3.1 The Atom3.2 Energy Levels3.3 Electron Waves3.4 Quantum Numbers3.5 Assigning Quantum Numbers3.6 Ions3.7 Electronegativity3.8 Thermodynamics: the Driving Force for Change3.9 Kinetics: the Speed of ChangeChapter 4: Bonds and Energy Bands4.1 Types of Interatomic Bond4.2 Young’s Modulus4.3 Ionic Bonding4.4 Covalent Bonding4.5 Metallic Bonding in Ceramics4.6 Mixed Bonding4.7 Secondary Bonding4.8 Electron Energy BandsChapter 5: Models, Crystals and Chemistry5.1 Terms and Definitions5.2 Symmetry and Crystallography5.3 Lattice Points, Directions and Planes5.4 The Importance of Crystallography5.5 Pauling’s Rules5.6 Close-Packed Arrangements: Interstitial Sites5.7 Notation for Crystal Structures5.8 Structure, Composition and Temperature5.9 Crystals, Glass, Solids and Liquid5.10 Defects5.11 Computer ModelingChapter 6: Binary Compounds6.1 Background6.2 CsCl6.3 NaCl (MgO, TiC, PbS) 6.4 GaAs (β-SiC) 6.5 AlN (BeO, ZnO) 6.6 CaF26.7 FeS26.8 Cu2O6.9 CuO6.10 TiO26.11 Al2O36.12 MoS2 and CdI26.13 Polymorphs, Polytypes and PolytypoidsChapter 7: Complex Crystal and Glass Structures7.1 Introduction7.2 Spinel7.3 Perovskite7.4 The Silicates and Structures Based on SiO47.5 Silica7.6 Olivine7.7 Garnets7.8 Ring Silicates7.9 Micas and Other Layer Materials7.10 Clay Minerals7.11 Pyroxene7.12 β-Aluminas and Related Materials7.13 Calcium Aluminate and Related Materials7.14 Mullite7.15 Monazite7.16 YBa2Cu3O7 and Related HTSCs7.17 Si3N4, SiAlONs and Related Materials7.18 Fullerenes and Nanotubes7.19 Zeolites and Microporous Compounds7.20 Zachariasen’s Rules for the Structure of Glass7.21 Revisiting Glass StructuresChapter 8: Equilibrium Phase Diagrams8.1 What’s Special About Ceramics? 8.2 Determining Phase Diagrams8.3 Phase Diagrams for Ceramists: The Books8.4 Gibbs Phase Rule8.5 One Component (C = 1) 8.6 Two Components (C = 2) 8.7 Three and More Components8.8 Composition with Variable Oxygen Partial Pressure8.9 Ternary Diagrams and Temperature8.10 Congruent and Incongruent Melting8.11 Miscibility Gaps in GlassPART III: ToolsChapter 9: Furnaces9.1 The Need for High Temperatures9.2 Types of Furnace9.3 Combustion Furnaces9.4 Electrically Heated Furnaces9.5 Batch or Continuous Operation9.6 Indirect Heating9.7 Heating Elements9.8 Refractories9.9 Furniture, Tubes and Crucibles9.10 Firing Process9.11 Heat Transfer9.12 Measuring Temperature9.13 SafetyChapter 10: Characterizing Structure, Defects and Chemistry10.1 Characterizing Ceramics10.2 Imaging using Visible-Light, IR and UV10.3 Imaging using X-rays and CT scans10.4 Imaging in the SEM10.5 Imaging in the TEM10.6 Scanning-Probe Microscopy10.7 Scattering and Diffraction Techniques10.8. Photon Scattering10.9 Raman and IR Spectroscopy10.10 NMR Spectroscopy and Spectrometry10.11 Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Spectrometry10.12 Diffraction in the EM10.13 Ion Scattering (RBS) 10.14 X-ray Diffraction and Databases10.15 Neutron Scattering10.16 Mass Spectrometry10.17 Spectrometry in the EM10.18 Electron Spectroscopy10.19 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) 10.20 Thermal AnalysisPART IV: DefectsChapter 11: Point Defects, Charge and Diffusion11.1 Are Defects in Ceramics Different? 11.2 Types of Point Defects11.3 What is Special for Ceramics? 11.4 What Type of Defects Form? 11.5 Equilibrium Defect Concentrations11.6 Writing Equations for Point Defects11.7 Solid Solutions11.8 Association of Point Defects11.9 Color Centers11.10 Creation of Point Defects in Ceramics11.11 Experimental Studies of Point Defects11.12 Diffusion11.13 Diffusion in Impure, or Doped, Ceramics11.14 Movement of defects11.15 Diffusion and Ionic Conductivity11.16 ComputingChapter 12: Are Dislocations Unimportant?12.1 A Quick Review of Dislocations12.2 Summary of Dislocation Properties12.3 Observation of Dislocations12.4 Dislocations in Ceramics12.5 Structure of the Core12.6 Detailed Geometry12.7 Defects on Dislocations12.8 Dislocations and Diffusion12.9 Movement of Dislocations12.10 Multiplication of Dislocations12.11 Dislocation Interactions12.12 At the Surface12.13 Indentation, Scratching and Cracks12.14 Dislocations with Different CoresChapter 13: Surfaces, Nanoparticles and Foams13.1 Background to surfaces13.2 Ceramic Surfaces13.3 Surface Energy13.4 Surface structure13.5 Curved Surfaces and Pressure13.6 Capillarity13.7 Wetting and Dewetting13.8 Foams13.9 Epitaxy and Film Growth13.10 Film Growth in 2D: Nucleation13.11 Film Growth in 2D: Mechanisms13.12 Characterizing Surfaces13.13 Steps13.14 In situ13.15 Surfaces and Nano13.16 Computer modeling13.17 Introduction to propertiesChapter 14: Interfaces in Polycrystals14.1 What are Grain Boundaries? 14.2 For Ceramics14.3 GB Energy14.4 Low-angle GBs14.5 High-angle GBs14.6 Twin Boundaries14.7 General Boundaries14.8 GB Films14.9 Triple Junctions and GB Grooves14.10 Characterizing GBs14.11 GBs in Thin Films14.12 Space Charge and Charged Boundaries14.13 Modeling14.14 Some PropertiesChapter 15: Phase Boundaries, Particles and Pores15.1 The importance15.2 Different types15.3 Compare to other materials15.4 Energy15.5 The structure of PBs15.6 Particles15.7 Use of particles15.8 Nucleation and growth of particles15.9 Pores15.10 Measuring porosity15.11 Porous ceramics15.12 Glass/crystal phase boundaries15.13 Eutectics15.14 Metal/ceramic PBs15.15 Forming PBs by joiningPART V: Mechanical Strength and WeaknessChapter 16: Mechanical Testing16.1 Philosophy16.2 Types of testing16.3 Elastic Constants and Other ‘Constants’16.4. Effect of Microstructure on Elastic Moduli16.5. Test Temperature16.6. Test Environment16.7 Testing in Compression and Tension16.8 Three- and Four-point Bending16.9 KIc from Bend Test16.10 Indentation16.11 Fracture Toughness From Indentation16.12 Nanoindentation16.13 Ultrasonic Testing16.14 Design and Statistics16.15 SPT DiagramsChapter 17: Plasticity17.1 Plastic Deformation17.2 Dislocation Glide17.3 Slip in Alumina17.4 Plastic Deformation in single crystals17.5 Plastic Deformation in Polycrystals17.6 Dislocation Velocity and Pinning17.7 Creep17.8 Dislocation Creep17.9 Diffusion-Controlled Creep17.10 Grain-Boundary Sliding17.11 Tertiary Creep and Cavitation17.12 Creep Deformation Maps17.13 Viscous Flow17.14 SuperplasticityChapter 18: Fracturing: Brittleness18.1 The importance of brittleness18.2 Theoretical Strength—The Orowan Equation18.3 The Effect of Flaws—the Griffith Equation18.4 The Crack Tip—The Inglis Equation18.5 Stress Intensity Factor18.6 R Curves18.7 Fatigue and Stress Corrosion Cracking18.8 Failure and Fractography18.9 Toughening and Ceramic Matrix Composites18.10 Machinable Glass-Ceramics18.11 Wear18.12 Grinding and polishingPART VI: ProcessingChapter 19: Raw Materials19.1 Geology, Minerals, and Ores19.2 Mineral Formation19.3 Beneficiation19.4 Weights and Measures19.5 Silica19.6 Silicates19.7 Oxides19.8 Non OxidesChapter 20: Powders, Fibers, Platelets and Composites20.1 Making Powders20.2. Types of powders20.3 Mechanical Milling20.4 Spray Drying20.5 Powders by Sol-gel Processing20.6 Powders by Precipitation20.7 Chemical Routes to Non-oxide powders20.8 Platelets20.9 Nanopowders by Vapor-Phase reactions20.10 Characterizing Powders20.11 Characterizing Powders by Microscopy20.12 Sieving20.13 Sedimentation20.14 The Coulter counter20.15 Characterizing Powders by Light Scattering20.16 Characterizing Powders by X-Ray Diffraction20.17 Measuring Surface Area (The BET method) 20.18 Determining Particle composition and purity20.19 Making Fibers and whiskers20.20 Oxide fibers20.21 Whiskers20.22 Glass fibers20.23 Coating Fibers20.24 Making CMCs20.25 CMCs From Powders and slurries20.26 CMCs By Infiltration20.27 In-situ processesChapter 21: Glass and Glass-Ceramics21.1 Definitions21.2 History21.3 Viscosity, η21.4 Glass—A Summary of its Properties, or not21.5 Defects in Glass21.6 Heterogeneous Glass21.7 YA glass21.8 Coloring Glass21.9 Glass laser21.10 Precipitates in Glass21.11 Crystallizing Glass21.12 Glass as Glaze and Enamel21.13 Corrosion of Glass and Glaze21.14 Types of Ceramic Glasses21.15 Natural glass21.16 The Physics of GlassChapter 22: Sols, Gels and Organic Chemistry22.1 Sol-gel processing22.2 Structure and synthesis of alkoxides22.3 Properties of alkoxides22.4 The sol-gel process using metal alkoxides22.5 Characterization of the sol-gel Process22.6 Powders, coatings, fibers, crystalline or glass? Chapter 23: Shaping and Forming23.1 The Words23.2 Binders and Plasticizers23.3 Slip and Slurry23.4 Dry Pressing23.5 Hot Pressing23.6 Cold Isostatic Pressing23.7 Hot Isostatic Pressing23.8 Slip Casting23.9 Extrusion23.10 Injection molding23.11 Rapid prototyping23.12 Green machining23.13 Binder burnout23.14 Final machining23.15 Making Porous Ceramics23.16 Shaping Pottery23.17 Shaping GlassChapter 24: Sintering and Grain Growth24.1 The sintering process24.2 The terminology of sintering24.3 Capillary forces and Surface Forces24.4 Sintering spheres and wires24.5 Grain growth24.6 Sintering and Diffusion24.7 LPS24.8 Hot pressing24.9 Pinning Grain Boundaries24.10 Grain Growth24.11 Grain boundaries, surfaces and sintering24.12 Exaggerated grain growth24.13 Fabricating complex shapes24.14 Pottery24.15 Pores and Porous Ceramics24.16 Sintering with 2- and 3-phases24.17 Examples of sintering in action24.18 Computer ModelingChapter 25: Solid-State Phase Transformations & Reactions25.1 Transformations & reactions: The link25.2 The Terminology25.3 Technology25.4 Phase transformations without changing chemistry25.5 Phase transformations changing chemistry25.6 Methods for studying kinetics25.7 Diffusion through a layer: slip casting25.8 Diffusion through a layer: solid-state reactions25.9 The spinel-forming reaction25.10 Inert markers and reaction barriers25.11 Simplified Darken equation25.12 The incubation period25.13 Particle growth and the effect of misfit25.14 Thin-film reactions25.15 Reactions in an electric field25.16 Phase transformations involving glass25.17 Pottery25.18 Cement25.19 Reactions involving a gas phase25.20 Curved interfacesChapter 26: Processing Glass and Glass-Ceramics26.1 The Market for Glass and Glass Products26.2 Processing Bulk Glasses26.3 Bubbles26.4 Flat Glass26.5 Float-Glass26.6 Glass Blowing26.7 Coating Glass26.8 Safety Glass26.9 Foam Glass26.10 Sealing glass26.11 Enamel26.12 Photochromic Glass26.13 Ceramming: Changing Glass to Glass-Ceramics26.14 Glass for Art and Sculpture26.15 Glass for Science and EngineeringChapter 27: Coatings and Thick Films27.3 Dip Coating27.4 Spin Coating27.5 Spraying27.6 Electrophoretic Deposition27.7 Thick Film CircuitsChapter 28: Thin Films and Vapor Deposition28. 1 The Difference Between Thin Films and Thick Films28.2 Acronyms, Adjectives and Hyphens28.3 Requirements for Thin Ceramic Films28.4 CVD28.5. Thermodynamics of CVD28.6 CVD of Ceramic Films for Semiconductor Devices28.7 Types of CVD28.8 CVD Safety28.9 Evaporation28.10 Sputtering28.11 Molecular-beam Epitaxy28.12 Pulsed-laser Deposition28.13 Ion-beam-assisted Deposition28.14 SubstratesChapter 29: Growing Single Crystals29.1 Why Single Crystals? 29.2 A Brief History of Growing Ceramic Single Crystals29.3 Methods for Growing Single Crystals of Ceramics29.4 Melt Technique: Verneuil (Flame-Fusion) 29.5 Melt Technique: Arc-image Growth29.6 Melt Technique: Czochralski29.7 Melt Technique: Skull Melting29.8 Melt Technique: Bridgman-Stockbarger29.9 Melt Technique: HEM29.10 Applying Phase Diagrams to Single-crystal Growth29.11 Solution Technique: Hydrothermal29.12 Solution Technique: Hydrothermal Growth at Low T29.13 Solution Technique: Flux Growth29.14 Solution Technique: Growing Diamonds29.15 Vapor Technique: VLS29.16 Vapor Technique: Sublimation29.17 Preparing Substrates for Thin-film Applications29.18 Growing Nanowires and Nanotubes by VLS and notPART VII: Properties and ApplicationsChapter 30: Conducting Charge or not30.1 Ceramics as electrical conductors30.2 Conduction mechanisms in ceramics30.3 Number of conduction electrons30.4 Electron mobility30.5 Effect of temperature30.6 Ceramics with metal-like conductivity30.7 Applications for high-s ceramics30.8 Semiconducting ceramics30.9 Examples of extrinsic semiconductors30.10 Varistors30.11 Thermistors30.12 Wide-band-gap semiconductors30.13 Ion conduction30.14 Fast ion conductors30.15 Batteries30.16 Fuel cells30.17 Ceramic insulators30.18 Substrates and packages for integrated circuits30.19 Insulating layers in integrated circuits30.20 Superconductivity30.21 Ceramic superconductorsChapter 31: Locally Redistributing Charge31.1 Background on Dielectrics31.2 Ferroelectricity31.3 BaTiO3 – The Prototypical Ferroelectric31.4 Solid Solutions with BaTiO331.5 Other Ferroelectric Ceramics31.6 Relaxor Dielectrics31.7 Ceramic Capacitors31.8 Ceramic Ferroelectrics for Memory Applications31.9 Piezoelectricity31.10 Lead Zirconate-Lead Titanate (PZT) Solid Solutions31.11 Applications for Piezoelectric Ceramics31.12 Piezoelectric Materials for MEMS31.13 Pyroelectricity31.14 Applications for Pyroelectric CeramicsChapter 32: Interacting with & Generating Light32.1 Some background for optical ceramics32.2 Transparency32.3 The Refractive Index32.4 Reflection from Ceramic Surfaces32.5 Color in Ceramics32.6 Coloring Glass and Glazes32.7 Ceramic Pigments and Stains32.8 Translucent Ceramics32.9 Lamp Envelopes32.10 Fluorescence32.11 The Basics of Optical Fibers32.12 Phosphors and Emitters32.13 Solid-State Lasers32.14 Electro-Optic Ceramics for Optical Devices32.15 Reacting to Other Parts of the Spectrum32.16 Optical Ceramics in Nature32.17. Quantum Dots and Size EffectsChapter 33: Using Magnetic Fields & Storing Data33.1 A Brief History of Magnetic Ceramics33.2 Magnetic Dipoles33.3 The Basic Equations, the Words and the Units33.4 The Five Classes of Magnetic Material33.5 Diamagnetic Ceramics33.6. Superconducting Magnets33.7. Paramagnetic Ceramics33.8 Measuring χ33.9 Ferromagnetism33.10 Antiferromagnetism and CMR33.11 Ferrimagnetism33.12 Estimating the Magnetization of Ferrimagnets33.13 Magnetic Domains and Bloch Walls33.14 Imaging Magnetic Domains33.15 Motion of Domain Walls and Hysteresis Loops33.16 Hard and Soft Ferrites33.17 Microwave Ferrites33.18 Data Storage and Recording33.19. Magnetic NanoparticlesChapter 34: Responding to Temperature Changes34.1 Summary of Terms and Units34.2 Absorption and Heat Capacity34.3. Melting34.4 Vaporization34.5. Thermal Conductivity34.6 Measuring Thermal Conductivity34.7 Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity34.8 Using High Thermal Conductivity34.9 Thermal Expansion34.10 Effect of Crystal Structure on α34.11 Thermal Expansion Measurement34.12 Importance of Matching αs34.13 Applications for Low-α34.14 Thermal ShockChapter 35: Ceramics in Biology & Medicine35.1 What are Bioceramics?35.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Ceramics35.3 Ceramic Implants & The Structure of Bone35.4 Alumina and Zirconia35.5 Bioactive Glasses35.6 Bioactive Glass-ceramics35.7 Hydroxyapatite35.8 Bioceramics in Composites35.9 Bioceramic Coatings35.10 Radiotherapy Glasses35.11 Pyrolytic Carbon Heart Valves35.12 Nanobioceramics35.13 Dental Ceramics35.14 BiomimeticsChapter 36: Minerals & Gems 36.1 Minerals36.2 What is a gem? 36.3 In the rough36.4 Cutting and polishing36.5 Light and Optics in Gemology36.6 Color in gems and minerals36.7 Optical Effects36.8 Identifying Minerals & Gems36.9 Chemical Stability (durability) 36.10 Diamonds, Sapphires, Rubies and Emeralds36.11 Opal36.12 Other Gems36.13 Minerals with Inclusions36.14 Treatment of Gems36.15 The Mineral & Gem Trade Chapter 37: Energy Production and Storage37.1 Some reminders37.2 Nuclear Fuel and Waste Disposal37.3 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells37.4 Photovoltaic Solar Cells37.5 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells37.6 Ceramics in Batteries37.7 Lithium-Ion Batteries37.8 Ultracapacitors37.9 Producing and Storing Hydrogen37.10 Energy Harvesting37.11 Catalysts and Catalyst SupportsChapter 38: Industry and the Environment38.1 The beginning of the modern ceramics industry38.2 Growth and globalization38.3 Types of market38.4 Case studies38.5 Emerging Areas38.6 Mining38.7 Recycling38.8 As Green MaterialsIndexDetails for Figures and Tables
£71.99
Arcler Press Inorganic Chemistry
Book SynopsisThis text explores the fundamental principles and concepts of inorganic chemistry. The book covers topics such as chemical bonding, acids and bases, redox reactions, coordination compounds, and solid-state chemistry. It provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, properties, and reactivity of inorganic compounds. This book is an essential resource for students, researchers, and professionals in the field of chemistry who seek a deeper understanding of inorganic chemistry.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry Chapter 2 Atomic Structure and Periodicity Chapter 3 Ionic Chemistry Chapter 4 Acid-Base Chemistry Chapter 5 Solid-State Chemistry Chapter 6 Chemistry of Inorganic Porous Materials Chapter 7 Chemistry of Semiconducting Materials Chapter 8 Environmental, Biological, and Industrial Aspects of Inorganic Chemistry
£87.20
Arcler Education Inc Metallic Bonds in Chemistry
Book SynopsisThis book serves as a comprehensive and invaluable guide for students, researchers, and professionals interested in understanding the fundamental principles of metallic bonding. It explains the topic by presenting clear illustrations, examples, and case studies. Metallic bonding is an important concept in chemistry, and it forms the basis for understanding the structure, properties, and applications of metals in various industries from materials science and engineering to electronics and beyond. It starts with a solid foundation by exploring the basic principles and theories that govern the bonding between metal atoms. It also covers the relevant atomic structure and electronic configurations of metals to explain the factors affecting the metallic bonds formation. In addition, the crystal structures of the metals and their mechanical and thermal conduction properties are discussed. Additionally, the unique characteristics of metallic bonding in transition metals is covered due to their complex bonding patterns. Finally, the diverse applications of metallic bonding along with future directions in the field are fully discussed.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Metallic Bonds Chapter 2 Atomic Structure and Electronic Configurations Chapter 3 Metallic Crystal Structure Chapter 4 Electrical and Thermal Conduction in Metals Chapter 5 Mechanical Properties of Metals Chapter 6 Thermal Properties of Metals Chapter 7 Bonding in Transition Metals Chapter 8 Application and Future Direction of Metallic Bond
£143.20
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Inorganic Chemistry: From Periodic Classification
Book SynopsisUsing classification, diagrams and crystallography elements, we describe in this book the bonds in the crystals using the basic patterns. The use of various criteria such as ionicity character of the bonds, the use of hard sphere models, the Pauling rules and the spatial availability of ions all together make it possible to better understand the spatial organization of typical crystals. Through original representations, the structure and the nature of the bonds in binary crystals of MX- and MX2- types as well as the ternary crystals of the perovskite and spinel type are studied.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction xi Chapter 1. Knowledge of the Periodic Table 1 1.1. Presentation of the periodic table 1 1.2. Construction of the periodic table 2 1.2.1. History 2 1.2.2. Structuring of the periodic table 10 1.2.3. Analysis of various classifications 14 1.2.4. Abundance of elements 19 1.3. Reading the classification 24 1.3.1. Atomic radius 25 1.3.2. Electronegativity 28 1.3.3. Ionization potential 31 1.3.4. Electron binding energy 34 1.4. Understanding ions through the classification 37 1.4.1. The nature and valence of ions through the classification 37 1.4.2. Radius of ions through the classification 41 1.4.3. Polarizability 44 1.4.4. The radii of ions in solids 46 Chapter 2. Knowledge of Metallic Crystals 53 2.1. Properties of metals 53 2.1.1. Characteristics of the metallic bond 54 2.1.2. Conductivity and the melting temperature of elements 56 2.2. Study of packing in metals 59 2.2.1. Formation of planar packing 60 2.2.2. Crystal formation 62 2.2.3. Counting atoms in a unit cell 68 2.2.4. Packing density 71 2.2.5. Designation of planes in a crystal 73 2.2.6. Surface density 76 2.3. Representation of metallic crystals 81 2.3.1. Definition of the unit cell 81 2.3.2. Geometry of simple polyhedrons 96 2.3.3. The sites 100 2.4. Packings and diagrams 103 2.4.1. Reading the diagrams 105 2.4.2. Solid solutions 109 2.4.3. Intermetallic compounds 112 2.4.4. Simple phase diagrams 113 Chapter 3. Knowledge of Ionic Crystals 125 3.1. Description of ionic to covalent crystals 125 3.2. Pauling’s rules 129 3.2.1. The ionic character of a bond according to Pauling 130 3.2.2. Pauling’s first rule: coordinated polyhedra 133 3.2.3. Pauling’s second rule: electrostatic valence principle 141 3.2.4. Pauling’s third rule: connections of polyhedra 144 3.2.5. Pauling’s fourth rule: separation of cations 146 3.2.6. Pauling’s fifth rule: homogeneity of the environment 147 3.2.7. Presentation of criteria employed 147 3.3. Geometry of binary crystals of MXn type 149 3.3.1. Presentation of the mentioned compounds 149 3.3.2. Study of cesium chloride 151 3.3.3. Study of sodium chloride 159 3.3.4. Study of zinc sulfide (sphalerite) 171 3.3.5. Study of zinc sulfide (wurtzite) 178 3.3.6. Study of nickel arsenide 185 3.4. Geometry of binary crystals of MX2 type 191 3.4.1. Study of calcium fluoride 191 3.4.2. Study of lithium oxide 196 3.4.3. Study of rutile 199 3.4.4. Study of cadmium iodide 206 3.4.5. Study of cadmium chloride 212 3.5. Review of characteristics of binary structures 215 3.5.1. Crystalline characteristics 215 3.5.2. Characteristics of availability 216 3.5.3. Characteristics of the unit cells 217 3.5.4. Characteristics of the families of compounds 219 3.6. Geometry of ternary crystals of ABnOm type 221 3.6.1. Study of SrTiO3 perovskite 221 3.6.2. Study of MgAl2O4 spinel 227 Appendix 237 Bibliography 239 Index 255
£125.06
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Springer Handbook of Aerogels
Book SynopsisThis indispensable handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the current state-of-the-art in inorganic, organic, and composite aerogels – from synthesis and characterization to cutting-edge applications and their potential market impact. Built upon Springer’s successful Aerogels Handbook published in 2011, this handbook features extensive revisions and timely updates, reflecting the changes in this fast-growing field. Aerogels are the lightest solids known to man. Up to 1000 times lighter than glass and with a density only four times that of air, they possess extraordinarily high thermal, electrical, and acoustic insulation properties, and boast numerous entries in Guinness World Records. Originally based on silica, R&D efforts have extended this class of materials to incorporate non-silicate inorganic oxides, natural and synthetic organic polymers, carbon, metal, and ceramic materials. Composite systems involving polymer-crosslinked aerogels and interpenetrating hybrid networks have been developed and exhibit remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility. Even more exotic aerogels based on clays, chalcogenides, phosphides, quantum dots, and biopolymers such as chitosan are opening new applications for the construction, transportation, energy, defense and healthcare industries. Applications in electronics, chemistry, mechanics, engineering, energy production and storage, sensors, medicine, nanotechnology, military and aerospace, oil and gas recovery, thermal insulation, and household uses are being developed.Readers of this fully updated and expanded edition will find an exhaustive source for all aerogel materials known today, their fabrication, upscaling aspects, physical and chemical properties, and the most recent advances towards applications and commercial use. This key reference is essential reading for a combined audience of graduate students, academic researchers, and industry professionals.Table of ContentsPART A: Unit Operations: Processing Steps used in Aerogel Science.- Sol-Gel.- Solvent Exchange and Functionalization.- Supercritical drying of aerogels: theory and practice.- Freeze drying.- Postprocessing.- PART B: Characterization.- Structural Characterization of Aerogels.- Mechanical Characterization of Aerogels.- Thermal Properties of Aerogels.- Permeability of Aerogels.- Simulation and Modeling of Aerogels Using Atomistic and Mesoscale Methods.- Part C: Oxide Based Aerogels.- SiO2 aerogels.- Hydrophobic Silica Aerogels.- Superhydrophobic and Flexible Aerogels and Xerogels derived from organosilane precursors.- Sodium Silicate-based Aerogels.- A Robust Approach to Inorganic Aerogels: The Use of Epoxides in Sol-Gel Synthesis.- High Temperature Oxide Aerogels.- Preparation of TiO2 Aerogels-Like Materials under Ambient Pressure.- ZrO2 Aerogels.- Part D: Synthetic Polymer Aerogels.- Phenolic-type aerogels and derived carbons: the paradigms of resorcinol-formaldehyde and polybenzoxazine chemistries.- Isocyanate-derived aerogels and applications.- Aerogels from Engineering Polymers: Polyimide and Polyamide Aerogels.- Part E: Biopolymer Aerogels.- Cellulose Aerogels: Monoliths, Beads and Fibers.- Silica Biopolymer Aerogel Nanocomposites.- Polysaccharide (non-cellulosic) aerogels.- Nanocellulose Aerogels.- Potential of anisotropic cellulosic aerogels.- Part F: Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Aerogels.- Polymer Crosslinked Aerogels.- Improving Elastic Properties of Polymer-Reinforced Aerogels.- Aerogels containing metal, alloy and oxide nanoparticles embedded into dielectric matrices.- Tuning the physical properties of aerogels by spatially selective modification.- Aerogels through ultrasonically-assisted synthesis.- Part G: Carbon-Based Aerogels.- Preparation and Application of Carbon Aerogels.- Nanocarbons: Diamond, Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Graphene Aerogels.- Nanotube Aerogels made through Elastic Smoke.- Part H: Frontier / Emerging Aerogels.- Chalcogenide Aerogels.- Fluorinated and Fluoride Inorganic Aerogels.- Nanoparticle-Based Inorganic Aerogels.- Metal aerogels.- Noble Metal Aerogels.- Nanoporous metal foams made by combustion synthesis.- Interpenetrating phenolic/oxide networks and carbothermal synthesis of metallic aerogels as energetic materials.- Synthesis of largescale nanoporous metallic networks by PVD.- Part I: Applications.- Aerogels and Sol-Gel Composites as Nanostructured Energetic Materials.- Aerogel as thermal super-insulating materials: an overview.- Aerogels as platforms for chemical sensors.- Aerogels for Electrochemical energy storage applications.- Transparent Silica Aerogel Blocks for High-Energy Physics Research.- Aerogels for fusion target fabrication.- Porous Glasses, Binary Glasses and Composite Glasses from Aerogels.- Aerogels for Environmental Applications.- Aerogels for Pollution Mitigation.- Application of Aerogels in Optical Devices.- Biomedical Applications of Aerogels.- in vivo Biomedical Applications of Aerogels.- Pharmaceutical Applications of Aerogels.- Applications of Aerogels in Space Exploration.- Airbone Ultrasonic Transducer.- Aerogels for foundry applications.- Aer()sculpture: A Free-Dimensional Space Art.- Aerogels from industrial waste.- Part J: Commercial Products and Industry Overview.- Industry overview.- Part K: Recipes and Designs.- Recipes and Designs.- Subject index.- Glossary, Acronyms and Abbreviations.
£251.99
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Name Reactions: A Collection of Detailed Mechanisms and Synthetic Applications
Book SynopsisIn this sixth edition of Jack Jie Li's seminal "Name Reactions", the author has added three or more synthetic applications of name reactions to reflect the recent advances in organic chemistry. As in previous editions, each reaction is delineated by its detailed step-by-step, electron-pushing mechanism and supplemented with the original and the latest references, especially from review articles. This book is not only an indispensable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students for learning and preparing exams, but is also a good reference book for all organic chemists in both industry and academia. Unlike other books on name reactions in organic chemistry, Name Reactions, A Collection of Detailed Reaction Mechanisms and Synthetic Applications focuses on the reaction mechanisms. It covers over 300 classical as well as contemporary name reactions.Table of ContentsFrom the content:Alder ene reaction.-Aldol condensation.-Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction.-Allan–Robinson reaction.-Arndt–Eistert homologation.-Baeyer–Villiger oxidation.-Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement.-Bamford–Stevens reaction.-Baran reagents.-Barbier reaction.-Bargellini reaction.-Bartoli indole synthesis.-Barton radical decarboxylation.-Barton–McCombie deoxygenation.-Barton nitrite photolysis.-Barton–Zard reaction.-Batcho–Leimgruber indole synthesis.-Baylis–Hillman reaction.-Beckmann rearrangement.-Abnormal Beckmann rearrangement.-Beirut reaction.-Benzilic acid rearrangement.-Benzoin condensation.-Bergman cyclization.-Biginelli reaction.-Birch reduction.-Bischler–Möhlau indole synthesis.-Bischler–Napieralski reaction.-Blaise reaction.-Blum–Ittah aziridine synthesis.-Boekelheide reaction.-Boger pyridine synthesis.-Borch reductive amination.-Borsche–Drechsel cyclization.-Boulton–Katritzky rearrangement.-Bouveault aldehyde synthesis.-Bouveault–Blanc reduction.
£53.99
