Industrialisation and industrial history Books

Book SynopsisDescribed as "the best MP Scotland never had", Jimmy Reid was undoubtedly of the most important figures of late twentieth-century Britain. Often at the forefront of the major turning points in the history of industrial relations and politics in Britain, Jimmy’s story is an epic one; from a poverty-stricken background in Govan, Glasgow, he became a communist at a young age, leading a national strike of engineering apprentices while only twenty, before being thrown into the national limelight as the leading spokesperson for the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders Work-In in 1971-2. Disillusioned with communism he left the Party for Labour and the centre-left before leaving them disenchanted with New Labour to join the Scottish National Party. This enlightening book looks at Jimmy’s political journey from Communism, to Labourism, and ultimately to Nationalism (a political life in three acts), which not only speaks of the complexities of left politics after 1945, but also illuminates our understanding of institutions and social change in post-war Britain by showing how they were understood and negotiated by one inspirational individual.Trade Review'The book is deeply researched and develops a sensitive and revealing portrayal of the man and, no less important, his social and political background [...] Probably better than any other work it brings out the richness and diversity of working-class culture on Clydeside. Its two authors are particularly well qualified to do so. Alan McKinlay brings an unrivalled understanding of workplace relations in the West of Scotland and William Knox an encyclopaedic knowledge of the Scottish labour movement.' John Foster, 'Jimmy Reid biography symposium: reflections on a changing communist Clyde-built man' in Scottish Labour History 'The new biography of Jimmy Reid has been a long time in the gestation but it's well worth the wait [...] Though an academic work, it's an easy but fascinating read, as well as informative and thought-provoking.' Kenny MacAskill, 'Jimmy Reid biography symposium: reflections on a changing communist Clyde-built man' in Scottish Labour History 'William Knox and Alan McKinlay’s book provides an overdue and much-needed scholarly companion to the repertoires of folk-history that sustain Jimmy Reid’s place in Scotland’s popular historical consciousness.' Rory Scothorne, 'Jimmy Reid biography symposium: reflections on a changing communist Clyde-built man' in Scottish Labour History ‘The life of Reid has many insights and stories to be shared, as the authors’ indicate, noting how ‘Reid never stopped battling against poverty and inequality’ and that ‘he was in individual, an outsider, a man of restless intellect’ Paul Griffin, Journal of Contemporary History'The book is a welcome addition to a recent spate of biographies of leading communists that provide an important and useful addition to our knowledge of such leading cadres, as well as helping to restore some balance in the flow of materials from the struggles in which the biographical subjects were leading players.'Roger Seifert, Labour History Review'Jimmy Reid: A Clyde-­Built Man addresses many of the enigmas in this complex life. [...] This biography is not just a welcome examination and reflection on the life of Jimmy Reid, but also on the UCS work-in as well as Scottish and UK politics of the period.' Alan Tuckman, The Spokesman Journal'Knox and McKinlay are well-qualified as [Reid's] biographers. Their lengthy scholarly partnership has focused on the workplace politics of Reid’s tribe: skilled, male, Scottish engineering workers and trade unionists. Their research has enriched understanding, among various issues, of the ‘culture clash’ between the expectations and practices of Scottish engineering workers and those of the dozens of US multinational firms that operated as major employers in Scotland from the 1950s to the 1980s.' Jim Phillips, Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas'This biography has to be part of every library for those with an interest in British industrial and shipbuilding history.' Fred M. Walker, The Mariner's MirrorTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsAbbreviations1. Introduction2. Beginnings3. Apprenticeship4. Cadre5. Work-in6. Leaving7. Strike8. Re-bornBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisHistorical Studies in Industrial Relations was established in 1996 by the Centre for Industrial Relations, Keele University, to provide an outlet for, and to stimulate an interest in, historical work in the field of industrial relations and the history of industrial relations thought. Content broadly covers the employment relationship and economic, social and political factors surrounding it – such as labour markets, union and employer policies and organization, the law, and gender and ethnicity. Articles with an explicit political dimension, particularly recognising divisions within the working class and within workers’ organizations, will be encouraged, as will historical work on labour law.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first full-length study of the effect of the American Civil War on Britain’s raw cotton trade and on the Liverpool cotton market. It includes an analysis of primary sources never used by historians. Before the civil war, America supplied 80 per cent of Britain’s cotton. In August 1861, this fell to almost zero, where it remained for four years. Despite increased supplies from elsewhere, Britain’s largest industry received only 36 per cent of the raw material it needed from 1862-64. This book establishes the facts of Britain’s raw cotton supply during the war: how much there was of it, in absolute terms and related to the demand, where it came from and why, how much it cost, and what effect the reduced supply had on Britain’s cotton manufacture. It includes an enquiry into the causes of the Lancashire cotton famine, which contradicts the historical consensus on the subject. Examining the impact of the civil war on Liverpool and its raw cotton market, this thought-provoking book demonstrates how reckless speculation infested and distorted the market, and lays bare the shadowy world of the Liverpool cotton brokers, who profited hugely from the war while the rest of Lancashire starved.Trade Review'A fresh and fearless perspective on a fusty and well-worn topic that many historians had considered settled years ago [...] historians reading this book in the future will rely on it for the Civil War period—it is as near a final words as can be imagined.'Bruce E. Baker, Enterprise & Society'Losing the Thread is an impeccably researched contribution to literature on the influence of the American Civil War on Britain... [It] undoubtedly achieves its two objectives of providing a more detailed analysis of the British cotton industry during the Civil War era and the impact of the war on the trade in Liverpool.' Kate Rivington, Australasian Journal of American Studies 'What Powell has accomplished with this work is impressive. It is a carefully crafted piece of research that corrects lazy historical assumptions and lays bare an important moment in British history.' Erik Mathisen, English Historical Review'Jim Powell has written a comprehensive and illuminating account of how the American civil war affected the Liverpool raw cotton market. In doing so, Powell has successfully disproved many of the myths that surround the U.K.-impact of this war.'David M. Higgins, Journal of Economic History‘Jim Powell’s reconsideration of the Lancashire cotton famine is one of the most important works published in the field for many years. It is the first fresh examination of the single most devastating economic impact of the American Civil War overseas since the 1960s… [Powell’s] slim monograph presents a forensic examination of merchants, brokers and cotton shipments coming in and out of Liverpool. It cuts through received wisdom with a sharp knife… a refreshingly iconoclastic book.’ David Brown, American Nineteenth Century HistoryTable of Contents Illustrations List of Tables and Figures Abbreviations Acknowledgements INTRODUCTION Chapter 1: FEAST AND FAMINE Chapter 2: THE SATURDAY AFTERNOON SYNDROME Chapter 3: A THREE-PHASE SUPPLY Chapter 4: UNFATHOMED DEPTHS; UNCHARTED MOUNTAINS Chapter 5: LIVERPOOL, LOUISIANA? Chapter 6: A TOLL BOOTH ON THE MERSEY Chapter 7: THE BROKERS AND THE BROKEN Chapter 8: WHEN JOHNNY WENT MARCHING HOME Appendix: Notes on statistical sources Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe late nineteenth-century city acted as a magnet for the poor of rural Ireland, attracting them with the promise of employment and economic independence. For many, however, urban life meant economic precarity, marginalisation and destitution, with the workhouse as an all-too-present reality. Young families were particularly vulnerable, with the result that thousands of children found themselves confined within the workhouse walls.This book explores the changing role of the Irish poor law in child welfare in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century city. Taking as its focus Belfast, a burgeoning industrial and port city at the heart of a global trade network and a city deeply divided along political and confessional lines, it examines the ways in which that city’s poorest children and their families engaged with the poor law and used the workhouse as part of their economy of makeshifts. It examines the various spaces of the poor law – whether the workhouse, the foster home, or the far reaches of empire – as sites of encounter and engagement between welfare authorities and the city’s poorest families, and explores the development of child welfare practice at a time of increasing state encroachment into the daily lives of poor children.Table of ContentsIntroduction1. The City and the Child2. 'Keeping them out of the workhouse': Landscapes of Child Welfare in the City3. Workhouse Child4. Life in the Workhouse5. Boarding Out6. Lady Inspectors and Boarding Out Committees7. Investigating the Children of the Poor8. Knowing Poor Children: The Introduction of the History Sheet System (by Georgina Laragy)Epilogue

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Book SynopsisThis is an original study of the connected lives of two important socialists, Tom Mann (1856-1941) and Robert Samuel ‘Bob’ Ross (1873-1931). Born in Britain, Mann travelled the globe as a tireless socialist organiser and propagandist who met Ross in the course of his political work in Australia. They then worked closely together as labour editors, educators, trade unionists and socialists in Australia and New Zealand between 1902 and 1913. Thereafter, they continued regularly to correspond with one another and other socialists in Australia, New Zealand and other parts of the Pacific Rim. Based upon extensive research into neglected primary and secondary sources in Britain, Australia, New Zealand and related places, this book explores the careers and lives of Mann and Ross as paired transnational radicals, as leaders who crossed national and other boundaries in order to promote their socialism. It situates them within the neglected English-speaking and even global radical worlds of the later nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries, a period that constituted an early phase of globalisation. Breaking new ground in moving beyond the national focus which has dominated much of the relevant history, this book highlights both the importance of Mann’s and Ross’s transnational endeavours, attachments and identities and the ways in which these interacted with their national, sub-national and international spheres of activity, striking a chord with a wide variety of radicals seeking change in today’s globalised world.Trade ReviewReviews 'Conceptually exciting and at the cutting edge of labour historiography, the writing and research are of a high standard.' Dr Emmet O'Conner, The University of Ulster'Transnational Radicalism pushes at the methodological boundaries of both transnational labour history and biography. This considerable intellectual achievement illustrates how transnational or global labour history imposes considerable standards of erudition, research in multiple archival collections, and conceptual sophistication upon its practitioners.' Matt Perry, Labour History Review'This is a marvellous example of transnational labour history demonstrating how limiting a national perspective is, for it has to ignore the manifold connections and ties that went across national borders, zig-zagged in complex and contradictory ways and ultimately informed the very fabric of a genuinely transnational socialist movement.' Stefan Berger, Journal of Social History and the History of Social Movements'The first chapter on the "strengths, weaknesses, promise and pitfalls" (36) of the turn to transnational history, and concomitant comparative and global worlds is a strength of this book and will be essential reading for historians working in the area.' Melanie Nolan, Labour/Le TravailTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsIntroductionI The Transnational ContextIntroduction1. Issues and Debates2. The Transnational World of Mann and RossII SocialismIntroduction3. What Kind of Socialism?4. Unfolding Differences, Enduring SimilaritiesIII Womanhood, Whiteness and WarIntroduction5. ‘True Womanhood’6. Race and Whiteness7. World War I and its AftermathConclusionBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book scrutinizes the events of 1919 from below: the global underside of the Wilsonian moment. During 1919 the Great Powers redrew the map of the world with the Treaties of Paris and established the League of Nations intending to prevent future war. Yet what is often missed is that 1919 was a complex threshold between war and peace contested on a global scale. This process began prior to war’s end with mutinies, labour and consumer unrest, colonial revolt but reached a high point in 1919. Most obviously, the Russian Revolutions of 1917 continued into 1919 which signalled a decisive year for the Bolshevik regime. While the leaders of the Great Powers famously drew up new states in their Parisian hotel rooms, state formation also had a popular dynamic. The Irish Republic was declared. Afghanistan gained independence. Labour unrest was widespread. This year witnessed the emergence of anti-colonial insurgency and movements across Europe’s colonies; in metropolitan centres of Empire, race riots took place in the UK and during the ‘red summer’ in the US, anti-colonial movements, as well as an important moment of political enfranchisement for women but their expulsion from the wartime labour force. 1919 has many legacies: the first Arab spring, with the awakening of nationalism in the Wilsonian and Bolshevik context; the moment (as a consequence of Jallianwala Bagh) that Britain definitively lost its moral claim to India; the definitive announcement of Black presence in the UK; the great reversal of women’s participation in the skilled occupations; the first Fascist movement was founded.Trade Review'Attractive in its international coverage and notable for fresh research, this book is a high quality collection of essays on a critical period of interwar history. It provides a valuable reassessment of the period after the end of the First World War.' Professor Chris Wrigley, University of NottinghamTable of ContentsIntroduction: Matt PerryPart I: Race, labour and empireChapter 1: The Black and the Red: the Elaine, Arkansas Massacre of 1919. Tyler StovallChapter 2: Within and beyond Red Clydeside: co-existing labour movements and racial hostilities in 1919. Paul GriffinChapter 3: The 1919 mutinies in the French Armed Forces: Colonialism, Ethnicity and the Remaking of the French left. Matt PerryChapter 4: 'C.L.R. James, the mass strike of 1919 in colonial Trinidad and "The Case for West Indian Self-Government"'. Christian HogsbjergPart II: Transnationalism Women’s activism in 1919Chapter 5: Sylvia Pankhurst in 1919: Feminism, communism, and Interwar Internationalism. Neelam Srivastava Chapter 6: Women as Peacemakers: The Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom in Zurich, 1919. Sarah HellawellChapter 7: 1919: opportunities and constraints for women activists; a case study of Marie-Louise Puech and Hannah Sheehy Skeffington. Máire CrossPart III: Revolution and Counter-revolutionChapter 8: The Forward March of Reactionary Working-Class Politics? Democratic Authoritarianism and “Modernity” in Britain and Ireland, 1919. Christopher LoughlinChapter 9: 1919: Revolution in Austria. Tim KirkChapter 10: The “Soviet Ark” in Context: The Buford and the Anti-Radicalism of 1919. Jeffrey Johnson and Daniel RooneyPart IV: Contested Transitions to PeaceChapter 11: Soldiers, Veterans and Volunteers for Gabriele D’Annunzio’s occupation of Fiume. Megan TrudellChapter 12: How did military/civilian dynamics shape adult education in Britain with the soldiers’ return and demobilisation? Jude Murphy and Nigel ToddChapter 13: British Military Missions as Intermediaries between Western Europe and Lithuania in 1919-1920s. Estela RuksenienePart V: Reinterpretations of 1919Chapter 14: The General Strike of July 1919: Lenin, Wilson and their Influences on Italian Socialism. Jacopo PerazzoliChapter 15: The German Revolution at War’s End: Whose Revolution? Anthony McElligott

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Book SynopsisIn most studies of British decolonisation, the world of labour is neglected, the key roles being allocated to metropolitan statesmen and native elites. Instead this volume focuses on the role played by working people, their experiences, initiatives and organisations, in the dissolution of the British Empire, both in the metropole and in the colonies. How central was the intervention of the metropolitan Left in the liquidation of the British Empire? Were labour mobilisations in the colonies only stepping stones for bourgeois nationalists? To what extent were British labour activists willing and able to form connections with colonial workers, and vice versa? Here are some of the complex questions on which this volume sheds new light. Though convergences were fragile and temporary, this book recapture the sense of uncertainty that accompanied the final decades of the British Empire, a period when radical minorities hoped that coordinated efforts across borders might lead not only to the destruction of the British Empire but to that of capitalism and imperialism in general. Exploiting rare primary sources and adopting a resolutely transnational approach, our collection makes an original contribution to both labour history and imperial studies.Trade Review'With excellent framing essays by the editors that enrich the discussion, connecting the multiple areas of new empirical inquiry to larger questions of historiography and deeper social context, this is the go-to text on the role of Labour and the Left within the politics of the British decolonization experience.' Professor Leon Fink, Distinguished Emeritus Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago'Beliard and Kirk’s collection of essays on radical challenges to British imperialism provides a valuable series of case studies... Some will not agree with all its judgements but its case studies, like Tom Sibley’s on Fava, throw light on how far the influence of Britain’s imperialist state penetrated all aspects of our society including the labour movement.' John Foster, Morning Star‘Workers of the Empire, Unite is a sophisticated and scholarly contribution to the ongoing process of what might be called decolonizing British labor history through excellent historical studies relating to British labor and decolonization.’ Christian Høgsbjerg, Journal of British Studies‘As British society reassesses its history of colonialism, along with its associated symbols and attitudes, there is an increasing need for histories that bring a class-conscious perspective into this. This book and its notions of “decolonization from below” acts as an important introduction to what is hopefully a renaissance in the study of anti-imperialism and class politics.’ David Isserman, Scottish Labour History‘Workers of the Empire gives detailed insights into the history of the labour movement, left-wing activists, and the ‘proletariat’ in anti-colonial struggle. At the same time, it delves into the history of the British empire in particular by stressing the way the Empire sought to stifle anti-colonial voices in the colonies as is the case with the excellent essays on Kenya by Dave Hyde and on Sudan by Gareth Curless. In sum, this edited collection makes a significant contribution to the history of the British empire, imperialism, and especially the role of the left and the working class in anti-colonial struggle.’ Mohamed Chamekh, Labor HistoryTable of ContentsNotes on contributorsList of abbreviationsList of illustrationsForeword: Paul Pickering (Australian National University)Introduction: Yann Béliard (Sorbonne Nouvelle University), Labour, empire and decolonisation: historiographical landmarksPART 1 – Contesting Imperialism (1910s-1950s)Chapter 1: Marie Terrier (CREW, Sorbonne Nouvelle University), Annie Besant’s fight for Home Rule in India, 1910s-1920sChapter 2: Yann Béliard (Sorbonne Nouvelle University), Sylvia Pankhurst vs. the British Empire: the Workers’ Dreadnought experience, 1917 1924Chapter 3: Nicholas Owen (University of Oxford), Alliances from above and below: the failures and successes of communist anti-imperialism in India, 1920 1934Chapter 4: Matt Perry (Newcastle University), ‘The Lingua Franca of the Bangle’: Ellen Wilkinson, the Indian nationalist movement and British Labour, 1932Chapter 5: Quentin Gasteuil (Ecole normale supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS) / Sorbonne University), A comparative and transnational approach to socialist anti-colonialism: the Fenner Brockway – Marceau Pivert connection, 1930s-1950sPART 2 – Labour, Decolonisation and Independence (1940s-1960s)Chapter 6: Gareth Curless (University of Exeter), Decolonisation and claim making in the Sudan, c. 1945-1958Chapter 7: Tom Sibley (International Centre for Trade Union Rights, ICTUR), Class, Cold War and colonialism: the deportation of Albert Fava from Gibraltar to Britain, 1948Chapter 8: David Hyde (University of East London), Decolonisation and ‘Development Untoward’: crisis and conflict on Kenya’s tea plantations, 1959-1960Chapter 9: Evan Smith (Flinders University of South Australia), For socialist revolution or national liberation? Anti-colonialism and the Communist Parties of Great Britain, Australia and South Africa in the era of decolonisationConclusion: Neville Kirk (Manchester Metropolitan University), Eight points on labour and the end of the British EmpireAfterword: Yann Béliard (Sorbonne Nouvelle University), Towards a people’s history of British decolonisationBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThis is volume 1 of six accessible volumes covering UNITE’s history from 1880-2010. The history of the TGWU is the core of this collection, with a significant emphasis on the union’s regions, as well as several key themes, such as equality, internationalism, the wider labour movement, and its attitude to the conflict between capital and labour. This first volume (1880-1931) covers the formation of the TGWU. It was rooted in an era in which, starting in the 1880’s, a mass trade union movement was formed. The drive to amalgamate the unions was spearheaded by Ernest Bevin and resulted in the creation of the TGWU, 1920-22 - a period which witnessed an intensification of pre and post WW1 militancy. Such militancy continued, albeit unevenly until 1926 and was met with resistance from employers and the State culminating in the mighty confrontation of the General Strike. Politically the union had a close relationship with the Labour Party and its two minority Governments (1923-4 and 1929-31). The defeat of 1926 marked a watershed in British labour history in which, again, the TGWU played a key role. Trade union militancy was succeeded by an attempt at negotiated accommodation with the employers, known as ‘Mondism’. Bevin was central to this development.Trade Review‘The book takes you on a long, passionate, and moving political journey depicting the growth and power of the trade union movement. It winds its way through the years of trauma, hardship, and poverty of the working classes, defining in great detail how they evolved, particularly during the war years and the economic crash of the 1930s. It includes the rise in women’s rights and the fluctuating influences unions had on the working classes and still have to this day… Anyone would be proud to own this book and it would feel at home on the shelves of universities, colleges, and schools all over the United Kingdom.’ Diane Hoyles, Labour History ReviewTable of ContentsSECTION 1: ORIGINS & FORMATION 1880-1924Chapter 1: Setting the scene 1880-1920Chapter 2: Creating the TGWU 1920-22Chapter 3: The TGWU & the Labour Movement 1922 -24SECTION 2: FROM CHALLENGE TO COLLABORATION 1925-28Chapter 4: Preparations for the General Strike 1925-26 Chapter 5: The General Strike 1926Chapter 6: Co-operation & Incorporation 1926-27Chapter 7: ‘Mondism’: Talking to Big Business 1927-28SECTION 3: RESCUING LABOUR 1929-31Chapter 8: Running the Union in difficult times: too close to employers?Chapter 9: The TGWU, Bevin and the Economic CrisisChapter 10: Labour Rescued

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Book SynopsisThis is the final book in a series of volumes on the history of the Transport & General Workers’ Union (T&G). After the neo-liberal assault on the unions and working people more generally carried through by Margaret Thatcher and John Major in the 1980s and 1990s, the unions, including the T&G, were faced with making some tough decisions about their future. The T&G initially turned to restructuring and engaged US management consultants to make recommendations about how the union should be moulded to fit the fast approaching new millennium. In other parts of the world at this time, particularly in the US and Australia, forward thinking unions were realising that the way out of the crisis was to switch from what was called the servicing model, where the union did things for its members, to an organising model, where the union did things with its members, and early in the millennium, the political and industrial logic of forming a large general workers’ union became more and more apparent. This fascinating volume looks at this history of the T&G, and considers how a three way union merger eventually became a reality with the merger of the T&G and Amicus to form Unite.

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Book SynopsisThe fourteen years between 1960 and-1974 saw the trade union and labour movement transformed. In 1959 Labour had been beaten at the polls for the third successive time – with political commentators claiming that class politics in Britain were dead. By 1974 a mobilised trade union movement had forced a Conservative government from office, compelled the abandonment of its anti-trade union legislation, released imprisoned dockers from Pentonville prison and twice provided the miners with the solidarity required for victory. The climax in 1974 was Labour victory in the 1974 general election with a programme calling for an irreversible shift of wealth and power in favour of working people. This volume of the TGWU’s centenary history documents the role of Britain’s biggest union in this transformation. Two remarkable general secretaries, Frank Cousins and Jack Jones, provided leadership. However, it was the TGWU’s members who achieved it: the women and men in the factories, transport depots and docks, who forged the new class unity. The book records their voices. It brings together their struggles from Clydeside, Dublin and Belfast to Longbridge, Dagenham and Heathrow – and it does so with a wealth of new material revealing the tactics of government and employers and the complexity of the struggles for sex equality and against racial discrimination that helped cement the new class unity.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements General Introduction Section 1 1960-66 1.Making Working People Bear the Burden 2. The Public Ownership of the Means of Production, Distribution and Exchange 3. Labour in Government – but not Power Section 2 1966-1970 4. Holding the TGWU to the Left 5. Defeating In Place of Strife Section 3 1970-74 6. Assembling the Forces for Victory 7. Working class unity 8. Victory and issues of trade union power

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Book SynopsisThis is the third volume on the history of the Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU), covering the period 1945 to 1960, and starting with an extraordinary moment in its history. There were such high hopes with the election of Attlee’s Labour government, committed to a series of radical reforms, establishing the Welfare State and nationalising key sectors of the economy. These reforms seemed to offer unique opportunities to move forwards towards what Nye Bevan, the main architect of the NHS, saw as a ‘new world both at home and abroad’. Or did it? This volume explores the challenges as well as the opportunities for radical reform, as these played out between 1945 and 1960. There was renewed industrial unrest, with disputes in the docks and transport industries, despite the best efforts of the Labour Government to contain them. Much remained to be achieved in terms of equalities, and there were challenges when it came to calls for international solidarity in the Cold War context. But still, there had been major developments in terms of trade union education. The T&G had become a much more democratic organisation, and, overall, was a more powerful, progressive force by the end of this period. This volume explores issues with continuing relevance for the trade union and labour movement.Table of ContentsChapter one: Post-war opportunities and challenges Chapter two: Class struggles in the T&G from 1945 to 1960 Chapter three: International solidarity – or not? Chapter four: Struggles for equalities Chapter five: Using education to build the union, 1945-1960 Chapter six: Debates on democracy and alternative futures

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Book SynopsisIn Fighting Deindustrialisation, Andy Clark outlines and examines one of the most significant and under-researched periods in modern Scottish labour history. Over a fourteen month period in 1981 and 1982, as Scotland suffered the effects of the accelerated deindustrialisation of its economy, three workforces refused to accept the loss of their jobs. The predominantly women assembly workers at Lee Jeans (Greenock), Lovable Bra (Cumbernauld), and Plessey Capacitors (Bathgate) were informed that their multinational employers had taken the decisions to close their plants. At each site, a battle was fought against capital movement, corporate greed, and unfair jobloss. The workers occupied their factories and refused to vacate until their demands were met and closure avoided. At all sites this objective was achieved; none of the factories completely closed following the women’s occupations. In this book, these occupations are analysed together for the first time, through a range of analytical frameworks from oral history, memory studies, industrial relations scholarship, and deindustrialisation studies. In his extensive examination, Clark argues that the actions of 1981-82 should be considered as one of the most significant periods in Scotland’s history of deindustrialisation. However, the public memory of 1981-82 is precarious; Fighting Deindustrialisation begins the process of incorporating women’s militant resistance within academic and popular understandings of working-class activism in later 20th century-Scotland.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Introduction: ‘Not our jobs to sell’ Chapter 1: ‘No way could ye get another job’: The development of deindustrialisation studies Chapter 2: ‘Why the hell are ye takin’ the job aff me?’ Theorising Collective Action Chapter 3: ‘Ah mean, the young anes don’t know wit a factory is’: Scotland’s economy and women’s working lives in the twentieth-centuryChapter 4: ‘Wait a minute, wit have we actually just said here?’ The Lee Jeans Occupation Chapter 5: ‘We were frightened it wis aw’ gonnae go abroad and we’d be oot the factory’: The Lovable Occupation Chapter 6: ‘We felt like criminals! And we wurnae, we were just fightin’ for wur job’: The Plessey Capacitors Occupation Chapter 7: ‘It wisnae as if we’re sittin’ there wi’ nae work’: Injustice, solidarity, and the mobilisation of the workers Chapter 8: ‘There is nothing there for us and nothing for the future. We are going to battle – we are not moving’: Deindustrial Contexts Chapter 9: ‘Ye never think that somebody’s gonnae come along and ask ye questions aboot it’: The turn to memory Conclusion: ‘Ah’m part ae that wee bit of history’ Appendix A: Interviewee Details Bibliography

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Book SynopsisIn Fighting Deindustrialisation, Andy Clark outlines and examines one of the most significant and under-researched periods in modern Scottish labour history. Over a fourteen month period in 1981 and 1982, as Scotland suffered the effects of the accelerated deindustrialisation of its economy, three workforces refused to accept the loss of their jobs. The predominantly women assembly workers at Lee Jeans (Greenock), Lovable Bra (Cumbernauld), and Plessey Capacitors (Bathgate) were informed that their multinational employers had taken the decisions to close their plants. At each site, a battle was fought against capital movement, corporate greed, and unfair jobloss. The workers occupied their factories and refused to vacate until their demands were met and closure avoided. At all sites this objective was achieved; none of the factories completely closed following the women’s occupations. In this book, these occupations are analysed together for the first time, through a range of analytical frameworks from oral history, memory studies, industrial relations scholarship, and deindustrialisation studies. In his extensive examination, Clark argues that the actions of 1981-82 should be considered as one of the most significant periods in Scotland’s history of deindustrialisation. However, the public memory of 1981-82 is precarious; Fighting Deindustrialisation begins the process of incorporating women’s militant resistance within academic and popular understandings of working-class activism in later 20th century-Scotland.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Introduction: ‘Not our jobs to sell’ Chapter 1: ‘No way could ye get another job’: The development of deindustrialisation studies Chapter 2: ‘Why the hell are ye takin’ the job aff me?’ Theorising Collective Action Chapter 3: ‘Ah mean, the young anes don’t know wit a factory is’: Scotland’s economy and women’s working lives in the twentieth-centuryChapter 4: ‘Wait a minute, wit have we actually just said here?’ The Lee Jeans Occupation Chapter 5: ‘We were frightened it wis aw’ gonnae go abroad and we’d be oot the factory’: The Lovable Occupation Chapter 6: ‘We felt like criminals! And we wurnae, we were just fightin’ for wur job’: The Plessey Capacitors Occupation Chapter 7: ‘It wisnae as if we’re sittin’ there wi’ nae work’: Injustice, solidarity, and the mobilisation of the workers Chapter 8: ‘There is nothing there for us and nothing for the future. We are going to battle – we are not moving’: Deindustrial Contexts Chapter 9: ‘Ye never think that somebody’s gonnae come along and ask ye questions aboot it’: The turn to memory Conclusion: ‘Ah’m part ae that wee bit of history’ Appendix A: Interviewee Details Bibliography

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Book SynopsisWinner of the Australia and New Zealand Law and History Society (ANZLHS) Prize for 2023 Maritime workers occupy a central place in global labour history. This new and compelling account from Australia, shows seafaring and waterside unions engaged in a shared history of activism for legally regulated wages and safe liveable conditions for all who go to sea. Maritime Men of the Asia-Pacific provides a corrective to studies which overlook this region’s significance as a provider of the world’s maritime labour force and where unions have a rich history of reaching across their differences to forge connections in solidarity. From the ‘militant young Australian’ Harry Bridges whose progressive unionism transformed the San Francisco waterfront, to Australia’s successful implementation of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006, this is a story of vision and leadership on the international stage. Unionists who saw themselves as internationalists were also operating within a national and imperial framework where conflicting interests and differences of race and ideology had to be overcome. Union activists in India, China and Japan struggled against indentured labour and ‘coolie’ standards. They linked with their fellow-unionists in pursuing an ideal of international labour rights against the power of shipowners and anti-union governments. This is a complex story of endurance, cooperation and conflict and its empowering legacy.Trade Review‘While maintaining a focus on their Australian and New Zealand central actors, Kirkby et. al. offer a comprehensive examination of seafaring and dock labor conflicts across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Altogether, an impressive tribute to the marriage of scholarly resolve with underlying democratic political idealism.’ Leon Fink, Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Department of History at the University of Illinois, Chicago‘Considering maritime labour, internationalism and race in the twentieth century, this is an intellectually innovative study based on very extensive research. At a moment of urgent industrial and political struggle over the conditions of maritime labour, it should be widely read.’ Professor Sean Scalmer, University of Melbourne‘Maritime Men offers a new way to see maritime workers and their organising strategies… The book is particularly strong in tracing changes in technology and law which took place from the 1970s… In offering such stimulating perspectives, this book opens up maritime industries to their global – and, for Australia, their regional – context. Kirkby, Monk and Ostapenko draw the links between the maritime unionists as individuals, as members of their national unions and, most importantly, participants of international labour networks in the globalising shipping industry. This allows greater insights into the conflicts and solidarities which challenged those maritime workers, forcing them apart at times but also bringing them together.’ Heather Goodall, History Australia‘The research is detailed, and the analysis nuanced and compelling. This is a big picture but evidentiarily rich book of the type so desperately needed in challenging times… by far the most compelling and nuanced account yet written of how labour markets, regulation, unionism, racism and internationalism intersected in the maritime industry in the Asia-Pacific and beyond.’ Michael Quinlan, Australian Historical Studies‘International legal history is rarely written as convincingly… a subtle treatment of the interaction between racism and the protection of hard won Australian rights to pay and conditions. The authors offer readers new perspectives… fleshing out the human side of a complex story… drawing out the complexity of the issues under consideration with nuance and depth, while remaining highly readable. The book offers an outstanding contribution to union and labour history, as well as the history of the Asia-Pacific more broadly.’ Judges of the ANZLHS 2023 Prize for Legal HistoryTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Chapter 1: ‘By the nature of their calling’ Themes of region, race and militancy Chapter 2: ‘Navigation as it affects the Empire’: Australasian Labour Standards and British Merchant Shipping Chapter 3: ‘The Commonwealth and the Lascars’: Protecting Maritime Workers in a White Australia 1901-1914 Chapter 4: ‘to break down the barriers which separate races and countries’: Socialists, Maritime Unions and Organising Internationally Before 1920 Chapter 5: ‘Our duty is to foster a spirit of internationality’: Maritime Unions and International Labour Organising in the Aftermath of War Chapter 6: ‘To ensure…fair conditions of labor’: Navigating Class, Nation and Empire in 1920s Chapter 7: ‘Seamen of the Orient’: Globalising the ITF and Embracing Asia c.1920s-30s Chapter 8: ‘Lascar Seamen Stand Up for Rights’: Asserting Independence c.1930s-1949 Chapter 9: ‘… standards for all seamen, Indian, Chinese and European’: Internationalism in the Cold War Asia-Pacific Chapter 10: ‘Bogey-men of the Pacific’: Trans-Pacific Dockworker Organising, 1940s-60s Chapter 11: ‘Giving us a voice in world affairs’: International Leadership and Activism, 1960-80 Chapter 12: ‘protect[ing] workers against shoddy foreign companies’: International Labourers and National Unionists, 1960s-2000 Conclusion

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Book SynopsisWinner of the Australia and New Zealand Law and History Society (ANZLHS) Prize for 2023 Maritime workers occupy a central place in global labour history. This new and compelling account from Australia, shows seafaring and waterside unions engaged in a shared history of activism for legally regulated wages and safe liveable conditions for all who go to sea. Maritime Men of the Asia-Pacific provides a corrective to studies which overlook this region’s significance as a provider of the world’s maritime labour force and where unions have a rich history of reaching across their differences to forge connections in solidarity. From the ‘militant young Australian’ Harry Bridges whose progressive unionism transformed the San Francisco waterfront, to Australia’s successful implementation of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006, this is a story of vision and leadership on the international stage. Unionists who saw themselves as internationalists were also operating within a national and imperial framework where conflicting interests and differences of race and ideology had to be overcome. Union activists in India, China and Japan struggled against indentured labour and ‘coolie’ standards. They linked with their fellow-unionists in pursuing an ideal of international labour rights against the power of shipowners and anti-union governments. This is a complex story of endurance, cooperation and conflict and its empowering legacy.Trade Review‘While maintaining a focus on their Australian and New Zealand central actors, Kirkby et. al. offer a comprehensive examination of seafaring and dock labor conflicts across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Altogether, an impressive tribute to the marriage of scholarly resolve with underlying democratic political idealism.’ Leon Fink, Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Department of History at the University of Illinois, Chicago‘Considering maritime labour, internationalism and race in the twentieth century, this is an intellectually innovative study based on very extensive research. At a moment of urgent industrial and political struggle over the conditions of maritime labour, it should be widely read.’ Professor Sean Scalmer, University of Melbourne‘Maritime Men offers a new way to see maritime workers and their organising strategies… The book is particularly strong in tracing changes in technology and law which took place from the 1970s… In offering such stimulating perspectives, this book opens up maritime industries to their global – and, for Australia, their regional – context. Kirkby, Monk and Ostapenko draw the links between the maritime unionists as individuals, as members of their national unions and, most importantly, participants of international labour networks in the globalising shipping industry. This allows greater insights into the conflicts and solidarities which challenged those maritime workers, forcing them apart at times but also bringing them together.’ Heather Goodall, History Australia‘The research is detailed, and the analysis nuanced and compelling. This is a big picture but evidentiarily rich book of the type so desperately needed in challenging times… by far the most compelling and nuanced account yet written of how labour markets, regulation, unionism, racism and internationalism intersected in the maritime industry in the Asia-Pacific and beyond.’ Michael Quinlan, Australian Historical Studies‘International legal history is rarely written as convincingly… a subtle treatment of the interaction between racism and the protection of hard won Australian rights to pay and conditions. The authors offer readers new perspectives… fleshing out the human side of a complex story… drawing out the complexity of the issues under consideration with nuance and depth, while remaining highly readable. The book offers an outstanding contribution to union and labour history, as well as the history of the Asia-Pacific more broadly.’ Judges of the ANZLHS 2023 Prize for Legal HistoryTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Chapter 1: ‘By the nature of their calling’ Themes of region, race and militancy Chapter 2: ‘Navigation as it affects the Empire’: Australasian Labour Standards and British Merchant Shipping Chapter 3: ‘The Commonwealth and the Lascars’: Protecting Maritime Workers in a White Australia 1901-1914 Chapter 4: ‘to break down the barriers which separate races and countries’: Socialists, Maritime Unions and Organising Internationally Before 1920 Chapter 5: ‘Our duty is to foster a spirit of internationality’: Maritime Unions and International Labour Organising in the Aftermath of War Chapter 6: ‘To ensure…fair conditions of labor’: Navigating Class, Nation and Empire in 1920s Chapter 7: ‘Seamen of the Orient’: Globalising the ITF and Embracing Asia c.1920s-30s Chapter 8: ‘Lascar Seamen Stand Up for Rights’: Asserting Independence c.1930s-1949 Chapter 9: ‘… standards for all seamen, Indian, Chinese and European’: Internationalism in the Cold War Asia-Pacific Chapter 10: ‘Bogey-men of the Pacific’: Trans-Pacific Dockworker Organising, 1940s-60s Chapter 11: ‘Giving us a voice in world affairs’: International Leadership and Activism, 1960-80 Chapter 12: ‘protect[ing] workers against shoddy foreign companies’: International Labourers and National Unionists, 1960s-2000 Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThe Buildings of the Malting Industry is a fascinating book on the buildings that have helped make our much loved beer over the centuries. Malt is one of the main ingredients of beer, yet the buildings in which it was and is now produced have received very little attention, although most towns and many villages had their own malthouse and kiln. This is the first book to address the paucity of detail on maltings which historically were to be found in all English counties. Today evidence for a malthouse may just be a name on a building or street. However, where they survive the pyramidal roofs clearly demonstrate the presence of a malthouse as do other less recognisable features. This book gives details of early malt kilns and shows how they changed over the centuries. Early buildings were essentially vernacular ones but by the mid-19th century some firms were using specialist architects. Then in the 20th century there was more engineering input to new maltings, in particular with the development of the pneumatic process. This once widespread industry is now mainly confined to the eastern side of the country. Elsewhere surviving maltings have been converted to other uses and examples of these are given. There are illustrations of the exteriors and interiors of malthouses and kilns which show some of the developments and how some buildings have been reused.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Preface Introduction Chapter 1 The early evidence for maltings Chapter 2 The development of malthouses and malt kilns to the end of the 17th century Chapter 3 The 18th century and the survival of recognisable kilns Chapter 4 The 19th Century to 1870 Chapter 5 The 19th Century from 1870 Chapter 6 The Twentieth Century up to 1960 Chapter 7 The Twentieth Century from the 1960s and Modern Malting Chapter 8 The Reusing of Maltings – throughout their History Postscript Glossary Weights and Measures Appendix 1 The Malting Process Appendix 1A Malthouse Layouts Appendix 2 Patents, Architects and Engineers Bibliography Notes

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Book SynopsisThis is the first full-length study of the effect of the American Civil War on Britain’s raw cotton trade and on the Liverpool cotton market. It includes an analysis of primary sources never used by historians. Before the civil war, America supplied 80 per cent of Britain’s cotton. In August 1861, this fell to almost zero, where it remained for four years. Despite increased supplies from elsewhere, Britain’s largest industry received only 36 per cent of the raw material it needed from 1862-64. This book establishes the facts of Britain’s raw cotton supply during the war: how much there was of it, in absolute terms and related to the demand, where it came from and why, how much it cost, and what effect the reduced supply had on Britain’s cotton manufacture. It includes an enquiry into the causes of the Lancashire cotton famine, which contradicts the historical consensus on the subject. Examining the impact of the civil war on Liverpool and its raw cotton market, this thought-provoking book demonstrates how reckless speculation infested and distorted the market, and lays bare the shadowy world of the Liverpool cotton brokers, who profited hugely from the war while the rest of Lancashire starved.Trade Review'A fresh and fearless perspective on a fusty and well-worn topic that many historians had considered settled years ago [...] historians reading this book in the future will rely on it for the Civil War period—it is as near a final words as can be imagined.'Bruce E. Baker, Enterprise & Society'Losing the Thread is an impeccably researched contribution to literature on the influence of the American Civil War on Britain... [It] undoubtedly achieves its two objectives of providing a more detailed analysis of the British cotton industry during the Civil War era and the impact of the war on the trade in Liverpool.' Kate Rivington, Australasian Journal of American Studies 'What Powell has accomplished with this work is impressive. It is a carefully crafted piece of research that corrects lazy historical assumptions and lays bare an important moment in British history.' Erik Mathisen, English Historical Review'Jim Powell has written a comprehensive and illuminating account of how the American civil war affected the Liverpool raw cotton market. In doing so, Powell has successfully disproved many of the myths that surround the U.K.-impact of this war.'David M. Higgins, Journal of Economic History‘Jim Powell’s reconsideration of the Lancashire cotton famine is one of the most important works published in the field for many years. It is the first fresh examination of the single most devastating economic impact of the American Civil War overseas since the 1960s… [Powell’s] slim monograph presents a forensic examination of merchants, brokers and cotton shipments coming in and out of Liverpool. It cuts through received wisdom with a sharp knife… a refreshingly iconoclastic book.’ David Brown, American Nineteenth Century HistoryTable of Contents Illustrations List of Tables and Figures Abbreviations Acknowledgements INTRODUCTION Chapter 1: FEAST AND FAMINE Chapter 2: THE SATURDAY AFTERNOON SYNDROME Chapter 3: A THREE-PHASE SUPPLY Chapter 4: UNFATHOMED DEPTHS; UNCHARTED MOUNTAINS Chapter 5: LIVERPOOL, LOUISIANA? Chapter 6: A TOLL BOOTH ON THE MERSEY Chapter 7: THE BROKERS AND THE BROKEN Chapter 8: WHEN JOHNNY WENT MARCHING HOME Appendix: Notes on statistical sources Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisHistorical Studies in Industrial Relations was established in 1996 by the Centre for Industrial Relations, Keele University, to provide an outlet for, and to stimulate an interest in, historical work in the field of industrial relations and the history of industrial relations thought. Content broadly covers the employment relationship and economic, social and political factors surrounding it – such as labour markets, union and employer policies and organization, the law, and gender and ethnicity. Articles with an explicit political dimension, particularly recognising divisions within the working class and within workers’ organizations, will be encouraged, as will historical work on labour law.Table of Contents Volume 33 includes: The Edwardian Crisis: The Survival of Liberal England and the Rise of a Labour Identity – John Callaghan The Enduring Legacy of Industrial Unionism – Bob Crow ‘Crisis? What Crisis?’: The National Rail Strike of 1911 and the State Response – Sam Davies The Irish Transport and General Workers’ Union and Labour Unrest in Ireland, 1911– Francis Devine Keir Hardie and the GKN Dowlais Strike 1911– Joe England 1911: The First National Railway Strike and the Rail Union Amalgamation Movement – Alex Gordon The Contribution of Direct Action to Gradualism: The Railway Strike of 1911 – David Howell Tom Mann: The Road to Syndicalism and Beyond – Richard Hyman An Effervescence of Youth: Female Textile-Workers’ Strike Activity in Dundee, 1911–1912 –William Kenefick The Liverpool Transport Strike of 1911: ‘Overcomings’, Transformations and the ‘New Mentalities’ of The Liverpool Working Class – Mark O’Brien The Liverpool General Transport Strike, 1911 – Eric Taplin

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Book SynopsisAlthough perhaps best known today as the home of Vauxhall Motors, Luton’s industrial roots run much deeper. Long before it became associated with motor cars, Luton was the centre of ladies’ hat production in this country – a success founded upon the earlier regional industry of straw-plaiting. Many surrounding towns and villages fed into the industry and helped to make the region globally renowned. At its peak in the 1930s, the region was producing as many as 70 million hats in a single year; however, it entered a rapid decline following the Second World War from which it never recovered. This has left Luton, Dunstable and a number of other local towns with a challenging inheritance of neglected and decaying fragments of a once vital industry. This book is intended to be an introduction and guide to the area’s historical depth and to its distinctive and varied character, seeking to explain the development of the region as the centre of the hatting industry in the south and exploring the lives of the people working there during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The historic links between the surviving building stock and the hatting industry are assessed and the book highlights the significance of the surviving fabric and the potential of the historic environment within future conservation and regeneration plans.Trade Review... this worthwhile and highly informative book: Luton does have a valuable heritage which although not "pretty" or in some instances eventhat obvious, is nonetheless of considerable interest and one to be cherished. -- Chris Garrand * SPAB, The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, Autumn 2014 *Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Foreword 1 Introduction 2 Historic and regional development The towns of the hat industry 3 Straw plaiting Origins of the industry Plaiting Child labour Economic and regional impact Decline 4 Hat manufacture and trade Manufacturing processes Economy and organisation Subsidiary industries Working conditions 5 Buildings of the hat industry Small-scale industry Large-scale industry London 6 Conservation and the management of change Notes Refences and further reading

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Book SynopsisVisits to country houses are an important leisure pursuit throughout the British Isles, not just to appreciate their superb architecture, great paintings and elaborate furniture but also to experience something of the past life of our great families and their households. Mark Girouard suggested in Life in the English Country House that ‘even when the customs have gone, the houses remain, enriched by the accumulated alterations, and often accumulated contents of several centuries. Abandoned lifestyles can be disinterred from them in much the same way as from the layers of an archaeological dig’. By the 19th century, life in most country houses changed as a result of various technical inventions such as improved water supplies, flushing water closets, boilers and pipes to provide central heating, internal communications by bells and then telephones, and better lighting by means of gas and electricity. Country houses, however, were usually too far from urban centres to take advantage of centralised sources of supply and so were obliged to set up their own systems if they wanted any of these services to improve the comfort of daily living. Some landowners chose to do this; others did not, and this book examines the motivations for their decisions. It also sets out to discover what evidence has survived for the impact of technological innovation on the buildings, contents, parks and gardens of country houses and on the lives of the people within them. In the course of their research, the authors have visited nearly one hundred houses around the United Kingdom, mostly those open to the public and the majority in the hands of the National Trust. Many books have been devoted to the life of those in domestic service in such houses, but this book looks not so much at the social records of their lives as the actual physical evidence for the greater levels of comfort and convenience sought by landowners in country houses from the 18th to the early 20th centuries.Trade Review'Technology in the Country House brings together the findings of extensive investigation and research started almost 20 years ago by the late Nigel Seeley to record all early mechanical, electrical, gas and water systems on the National Trust’s estate [...] The result is a book which will be invaluable to everyone involved in conserving historic buildings.' Jonathan Taylor, Context, the Journal of the Institute of Historic Building Conservation'This book is filled with superb photographs and a selection of contemporary illustrations for example pages from sales catalogues for bell cranks and pulls [...] provides an interesting overview of technological advances in houses and estates, and raises awareness that minimal intervention needs to be considered when dealing with historic services too.' Kate Andrew, Society for Protection of Ancient Buildings Magazine'An enjoyable and informative journey back in time [...] The book is a remarkable tour de force, a must for anyone who has an interest in reading how during the 18th & 19th centuries these Country Houses and their Estates with their occupants contributed to the formation of the building services industry.'Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers’ Heritage GroupTable of Contents1. Introduction: the background to technological change in country houses 2. Beyond the house: technological innovation in estate buildings, parks and gardens 3. Water supply and sanitation 4. Lighting and energy production 5. Heating and ventilation 6. Food preparation and storage 7. Communications: bells and telephones 8. Transportation 9. Security 10. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisGlass plays an essential role in our lives and has done for centuries. Glass has not always been so ubiquitous and this book charts the development of the English glass industry from the medieval period to recent times. Medieval glass was a scarce, luxury material used to furnish the tables of the wealthiest members of society, and to glaze only churches and palaces. The industry was small and largely based in rural areas, where the necessary raw materials (in particular wood for fuel) were abundant. In the 16th century, glass manufacture increased and benefited from technological development (largely brought by immigrant glass makers). This encouraged a drop in prices for customers which probably helped to increase the demand for glass. Throughout the 17th century the English glass industry was transformed by the use of new coal-fuelled furnaces, and raw materials, especially seaweed and lead. By the 18th century, glass was routinely used to glaze houses even for the less wealthy members of society, store wine and beer, and serve drinks. The scientific analysis of glass and glass working waste from this period has advanced considerably in recent years and has enriched our understanding of the raw materials and technologies employed in glass manufacture. Trade Review'This book is a ‘must have’ for anyone who is serious about understanding the technological development of English medieval and post-medieval glass. It is aimed particularly at archaeologists, conservation architects and archaeological scientists, but should attract a much wider readership.' David Dungworth, Glass News'David’s renown as a preeminent specialist on historic glass-making is cemented by this impressive book, which is essentially his magnum opus on the subject ... a carefully balanced combination of documentary, chemical and archaeological evidence.' Ian Miller, Industrial Archaeology ReviewTable of Contents1. Introduction: What is glass? 2. An introduction to glass manufacture in England from the 14th to the 20th Century 3. Archaeological and scientific investigation of glass manufacture 4. Forest glass and French immigrants 5. Tableware 6. Bottles 7. Window glass 8. Discussion and conclusions

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Book SynopsisThe Road to Dr Pepper, Texas is the story of Dublin Dr Pepper Bottling Co., a David-Goliath case study of the world's first Dr Pepper bottling plant and the only one that has always used pure cane sugar in spite of compelling reasons to switch sweeteners. The book traces the story from the founder's birth through the contemporary struggles of a tiny independent, family-owned franchise against industry giants. Owners of the plant have been touched by every major social, economic, and political issue of the past 114 years, and many of those forces threatened the survival of the plant. The Dublin plant's 100th birthday in 1991 was a turning point because the national media created an identity so unique that it has taken on a life of its own. Thanks to the Travel Channel, Food Network, Texas Monthly, Southern Living, and others, the Dublin plant and museum attract tens of thousands of tourists every year, and Dublin Dr Pepper is consumed around the world through Internet sales. ""The Road to Dr Pepper, Texas"" tells how a small plant ignored most of the cherished rules of production and marketing - and succeeded - in spite of not speeding up production, not expanding its franchise area, not cutting production costs, and not adapting to changing times.

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Book SynopsisThe book explores the inter-related components of neon signs, including each sign's unique visual aesthetic and design, the history of craftsmanship and training, and how the streetscape relates to Hong Kong's consumer culture.This book is suitable for the readers who are interested in Hong Kong history and culture, since it documents Hong Kong's neon signs whilst taking on a historical,socio-cultural, and contextual study of visual culture around the city.

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Book SynopsisThe 4th Industrial Revolution is well underway. Our lives are changing at an exponential rate, resulting in a multi-faceted, deeply interconnected world. The digital revolution is integrating multiple technologies, which is leading to unprecedented paradigm shifts in the economy, management, and society. Entire systems across countries, industries, and societies are being transformed, triggering a transformation that is unlike anything humankind has ever experienced.Given the confluence of dramatic changes in organizational life, triggering emerging technology breakthroughs such as robotics, the internet of things, biotechnology, materials science, data science and big data, and quantum computing, this volume of the Research in Management Consulting series explores how the research and practice of management consulting is unfolding in a new era of profound shifts in the way researchers and consultants sense, think, and act.The authors of this volume bring both to scholars and practitioners the latest discussions of efforts to understand consulting in organizations amplified by the fusion of technologies across physical, digital, and biological worlds. They also bring to light a movement from human supervised artificial intelligence systems to fully autonomous artificial intelligence systems that have the potential to demonstrate intelligence beyond uman capabilities.

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Book SynopsisThe 4th Industrial Revolution is well underway. Our lives are changing at an exponential rate, resulting in a multi-faceted, deeply interconnected world. The digital revolution is integrating multiple technologies, which is leading to unprecedented paradigm shifts in the economy, management, and society. Entire systems across countries, industries, and societies are being transformed, triggering a transformation that is unlike anything humankind has ever experienced.Given the confluence of dramatic changes in organizational life, triggering emerging technology breakthroughs such as robotics, the internet of things, biotechnology, materials science, data science and big data, and quantum computing, this volume of the Research in Management Consulting series explores how the research and practice of management consulting is unfolding in a new era of profound shifts in the way researchers and consultants sense, think, and act.The authors of this volume bring both to scholars and practitioners the latest discussions of efforts to understand consulting in organizations amplified by the fusion of technologies across physical, digital, and biological worlds. They also bring to light a movement from human supervised artificial intelligence systems to fully autonomous artificial intelligence systems that have the potential to demonstrate intelligence beyond uman capabilities.

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