Human rights, civil rights Books

Book SynopsisIn The Requirement of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples in the ILO, María Victoria Cabrera Ormaza examines the law-making and interpretive practice of the International Labour Organization (ILO) relating to indigenous peoples with a particular focus on the consultation requirement established by Article 6 of ILO Convention No. 169. Taking into account both the mandate and institutional characteristics of the ILO, the author explains how the ILO understands the notion of consultation with indigenous peoples and outlines the flaws in its approach.Table of ContentsForeword Acknowledgements List of Acronyms Introduction  1 Setting the Scene: The ilo and the Perennial Uncertainty around the Requirement of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples  2 Research Questions and Methodology  3 Structure of the Book 1 General Background  1 The ilo and Its Standard System in a Nutshell   1.1 The ilo’s Broad Mandate   1.2 Tripartism   1.3 The ilo Functioning   1.4 International Labour Standards   1.5 ilo Supervisory System  2 Historical Development of ilo Standards Concerning Indigenous Peoples   2.1 Standards on Indigenous Workers   2.2 Concern for Indigenous Populations in ilo Regional Conferences   2.3 Standards on ‘indigenous populations’ and the Question of ilo Competence   2.4 Criticism against ilo Convention No. 107 and the Genesis of Convention No. 169 2 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples: Conception and Normative Dimensions  1 The Notion of Consultation in the ilo Regime  2 Overview of the Provisions on Consultation in ilo Convention No. 169  3 History of the Concept of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples   3.1 Early Developments in the Context of ilo Convention No. 107   3.2 Debates Within the Development Process of ilo Convention No. 169  4 Dimensions of the Concept of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples   4.1 Consultations with Indigenous Organizations during the Negotiation of Convention No. 169   4.2 Consultation as a Guiding Principle of ilo Convention No. 169   4.3 The Human Rights Dimension of the Requirement of Consultation  5 Conclusions and Outlook 3 State Practice  1 Preliminary Considerations   1.1 Incorporation of International Norms   1.2 The Need for the Adoption of Implementing Legislation   1.3 The Role of National Courts  2 State Practice on Consultation among States Parties to ilo Convention No. 169   2.1 Convention No. 169 as a Support for Democracy in Latin America   2.2 Convention No. 169 in the Commonwealth of Nations: Dominica   2.3 Scandinavian Countries: Progress in Consultation Mechanisms   2.4 Asia and Oceania: Consultation in a Contested Terrain   2.5 Convention No. 169 in the Central African Republic: Consultation in a Context of Armed Conflict in Africa  3 Comparison and Conclusions 4 Practice of the ilo Supervisory Bodies  1 Regular Reporting System (Art. 22 of the ilo Constitution)   1.1 The ceacr and its Contested ‘interpretive functions’   1.2 Examination of State Reports Concerning ilo Convention No. 169: Procedural Aspects   1.3 Possibility for Indigenous Peoples to Provide Comments on State’s Reports   1.4 The Requirement of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples in the Jurisprudence of the ceacr  2 Debates over Consultation Within the cas 132  3 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples in the Context of Representations (Art. 24 of the ilo Constitution)   3.1 Tripartite Committees’ General Approach   3.2 The Requirement that Consultation Should be Prior   3.3 Subjects Entitled to Consultation and the Question of Indigenous Representation   3.4 Measures to be Consulted on with Indigenous Peoples  4 Conclusions and Outlook 5 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples in International Human Rights Law  1 The Requirement of Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent under the un System of Human Rights   1.1 Indigenous Peoples in the un in a Nutshell   1.2 The Requirement of Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent under the undrip   1.3 Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the Practice of the Human Rights Treaty Bodies   1.4 Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the Work of the un Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples   1.5 Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the Studies of the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples  2 The Notion of ‘consultation’ with Indigenous Peoples in Regional Human Rights Systems   2.1 The Contribution of the Inter-American System of Human Rights   2.2 Indigenous Peoples and the Question of Consultation in the African Human Rights System  3 Evaluation   3.1 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples, an Evolving Norm of Customary International Law?   3.2 A Treaty Norm vs. a Customary Rule on Consultation with Indigenous Peoples   3.3 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples as a General Principle of International Law 6 Overall Assessment  1 Reconsidering Flexibility  2 Rectifying Indeterminacy   2.1 The Option of a Supplementary Recommendation to ilo Convention No. 169   2.2 A Resolution of the International Labour Conference   2.3 A Need for an icj Advisory Opinion?   2.4 Clarification by the International Labour Office   2.5 The Failed Attempt to Undertake a General Survey on ilo Convention No. 169   2.6 Standard Review Mechanism 1  3 Revisiting the Interpretive Practice of ilo Supervisory Bodies   3.1 The Inappropriateness of the Current Interpretive Approach   3.2 A Human Rights-Oriented Interpretive Approach to ilo Convention No. 169  4 Institutional Considerations   4.1 Re-reading the ilo Mandate   4.2 The ilo Cooperation with the un in the Promotion of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights   4.3 A Special Committee to Deal with C169? Conclusions List of References Index

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Book SynopsisLand Reform Revisited engages with contemporary debates on land reform and agrarian transformation in South Africa. The volume offers insights into post-apartheid transformation dynamics through the lens of agency and state making. The chapters written by emerging scholars are based on extensive qualitative research and their analysis highlights the ways in which people negotiate and contest land reform realities and politics. By focusing on the diverse meanings of land and competing interpretations of what constitutes success and failure in land reform Brandt and Mkodzongi insist on looking beyond the productivity discourses guiding research and policy making in the field towards an informed view from below. Contributors are: Kezia Batisai, Femke Brandt, Sarah Bruchhausen, Nerhene Davis, Elene Cloete, Tariro Kamuti, Tarminder Kaur, Grasian Mkodzongi, Camalita Naicker, Fani Ncapayi, Mnqobi Ngubane, and Chizuko Sato.Trade Review'This volume is well written, in so far as individual chapters and the main argument are concerned and a must read for anyone interested on land reform.[...] all chapters manage to succeed in convincing the reader that we need to think about land beyond the big commercial agricultural productivity model because land is complex as there are different meanings of land to different people'. Mzingaye Brilliant Xaba in Transformations. Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa Vol. 100, pp. 228-233.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Notes on Contributors Part 1: Introduction 1 Revisiting South Africa’s Land and Agrarian Questions  Grasian Mkodzongi and Femke Brandt Part 2: Meanings of Democracy 2 Broadening Conceptions of Democracy and Citizenship: The Subaltern Histories of Rural Resistance in Mpondoland and Marikana  Sarah Bruchhausen and Camalita Naicker 3 From Material to Cultural: Historiographic Approaches to the Eastern Cape’s Agrarian Past  Elene Cloete 4 South Africa’s Dangerous Game: Re-configuring Power and Belonging on Karoo Trophy-hunting Farms  Femke Brandt 5 Gendered Nationhood and the Land Question in South Africa 20 Years after Democracy  Kezia Batisai Part 3: State-Making 6 Farm Worker ‘Development’ Agendas: What Does Sports Have to Do with It?  Tarminder Kaur 7 Intricacies of Game Farming and Outstanding Land Restitution Claims in the Gongolo Area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa  Tariro Kamuti 8 Inclusive Business Models in South African Land Restitution: Great Expectations and Ambiguous Outcomes Explored  Nerhene Davis 9 ‘We Won’t Have Zim-style Land Grabs’: What Can South Africa Learn from Zimbabwe’s Fast-track Land Reforms?  Grasian Mkodzongi Part 4: Agency, Identity, and Belonging 10 Khoisan Revivalism and Land Question in Post-Apartheid South Africa  Chizuko Sato 11 The Land-reform Programme and Its Contribution to the Livelihoods of Poor People  Fani Ncapayi 12 ‘Disrupting Spatial Legacies’: Dismantled Game Farms as Success Stories of Land Reform?  Mnqobi Ngubane Part 5: Conclusion 13 Agency and State Planning in South Africa’s Land-reform Process  Femke Brandt and Grasian Mkodzongi Index

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Book SynopsisTom Lantos was a Hungarian-born U.S. Congressman remembered for raising awareness and respect for human rights around the world. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1980 becoming the only Holocaust survivor ever to serve in the Congress. In 1983 he co-founded and chaired the Congressional Human Rights Caucus renamed in his honour as the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission. With articles authored by leading academics this Festschrift remembers Tom Lantos’s extensive human rights activism on the human rights themes he was passionately involved with around the world. The essays offer new insights on a range of topical human rights issues, such as human rights education, religious freedom, post-conflict justice, minority rights and identity politics.Table of ContentsTribute  Joe Biden Preface  Katrina Lantos Swett Foreword  Anna-Mária Bíró Notes on Contributors 1 The Human Rights Legacy of Congressman Tom Lantos  Robert R. King  Photo Section 2 Religious Freedom in Iran and the Middle East: The Case of the Baháʾís in Selected Countries  Geoffrey Cameron and Nazila Ghanea 3 Friends in High Places? The Externalisation of Hungarian Minority Rights Claims  Myra A. Waterbury 4 Dealing with the Past in the Post-Yugoslav Space: Truth, Memory and Identity after Atrocity  Edin Hodžić 5 Human Rights Education and Training: Global Standards and Efforts Underway in China  Gudmundur Alfredsson and Zhang Wei 6 Minority Rights in Myanmar: Negotiating Identity Politics and Human Rights  Andrew Fagan 7 Sudan: A Country of Many Identities Subdued to One  Rania El Rajji 8 Contemporary Forms of the Oldest Hatred: Modern Antisemitism in the Visegrád Countries  Ildikó Barna, Anikó Félix, Grigorij Mesežnikov, Rafal Pankowski and Veronika Šternová

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Book SynopsisGrounded Identities: Territory and Belonging in the Medieval and Early Modern Middle East and Mediterranean is a collection of essays on attachment to specific lands including Kurdistan, Andalusia and the Maghrib, and geographical Syria in the pre-modern Islamicate world. Together these essays put a premium on the affective and cultural dimensions of such attachments, fluctuations in the meaning and significance of lands in the face of historical transformations and, at the same time, the real and persistent qualities of lands and human attachments to them over long periods of time. These essays demonstrate that grounded identities are persistent and never static. Contributors are: Zayde Antrim, Alexander Elinson, Mary Hoyt Halavais, Boris James, Steve Tamari.Trade Review[...] This is a timely and welcome contribution to the field as issues regarding territory and belonging globally, but especially in the Middle East, dominate the news cycle. R. W. Zens, Le Moyne College, in Choice, February 2020Table of ContentsContents List of Maps List of Contributors Introduction: Lands and Loyalties in the Scholarship of Medieval and Early Modern Islamicate History   Steve Tamari 1 The Construction of a Kurdish Political Space in the Middle Ages: Kurdish In-betweenness, Mamluk Ethnic Engineering, and the Emergence of al-Mamlaka al-Ḥasina al-Akradiyya (1130-1340 CE)   Boris James 2 Becoming Syrian: Aleppo in Ibn al-ʿAdim’s Bughyat al-Talab fi Ta⁠ʾrikh Halab   Zayde Antrim 3 Lisan al-Din ibn al-Khatib (d. 1374 CE) and the Definition of the Fourteenth-Century Muslim West   Alexander Elinson 4 Going Home: Andalusia and Exile in the Seventeenth Century   Mary Hoyt Halavais 5 The Land of Syria in the Late Seventeenth Century: ʿAbd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi and Linking City and Countryside through Study, Travel, and Worship   Steve Tamari Index

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Book SynopsisIn every corner of the world, children are learning languages at home that differ from the dominant language used in their broader social world. These children arrive at school with a precious resource: their mother tongue. In the face of this resource and the possibility for biliteracy, majority language educational programs do nothing to support primary language competence. To counter monolingual education, there are significant albeit few initiatives around the world that provide formal support for children to continue to develop competence in their mother tongue, while also learning an additional language or languages. One such initiative is dual language immersion education (DLI). Interestingly, most (if not all) research on DLI programs focus on the effectiveness of bilingual education vis-à-vis academic access and achievement. The ideologies embedded in the research and guidelines for DLI education, albeit necessary and critical during the early days of DLI schooling, are disconnected from the present realities, epistemologies, and humanness of our bilingual youth. A Humanizing Dual Language Immersion Education envisions a framework informed by bilingual teachers and students who support biliteracy as a human right. Positioning bilingual education under a human rights framework addresses the basic right of our bi/multilingual youth to human dignity. Respect for the languages of persons belonging to different linguistic communities is essential for a just and democratic society. Given the centrality of language to our sense of who we are and where we fit in the broader world, a connection between linguistic human rights and bilingual education is essential.Table of ContentsIntroduction PART 1: Being Human, Being Bilingual—A Human Right to Language 1 Language as a Human Right  Human Rights and Language  Where Are We Now?  Linguistic Human Rights in Education  Conclusion 2 Language Rights in the United States  The U.S. Approach to Language Rights  The Dismantling of Bilingual Rights and Education in the United States  The Case of California  Building the Bridge: Bilingual Education and Linguistic Human Rights in the United States  Conclusion 3 Bilingual Education as a Human Right: The Case of Dual Language Immersion Education  Being Bilingual, Being Human  The History of Dual Language Immersion Education  The Development of Dual Language Programs  Limitations of Dual Language Programs  Conclusion PART 2: A Humanizing Dual Language Immersion Education 4 Intentionality  We Promote, Validate, and Utilize the Wisdom That Bilingual Children Bring with Them  We Safeguard the Education of Linguistic Minoritized Youth   We Honor the Dignity of Bilingual Children  Intention 5 Sustenance  Intimacy  A Humanizing Dual Language Immersion Pedagogy  Dli Teachers  Conclusion  Sustenance 6 Imaginings  Bilingual Youth Epistemology  Language, Identity, and Culture in Flux  Imaginings with and by Plurilingual Youth  Imaginings 7 Conclusion  Epilogue References

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Book SynopsisPastoralists, ranchers of European descent, conservationists, smallholders, and land investors with political influence converge on the Laikipia plateau in Kenya. Land is claimed by all - the tactics differ. Private property rights are presented, histories of presence are told, charges of immorality are applied, fences are electrified and some resort to violence. The region, marked by enclosures, is left as a tense fragmented frontier. Marie Gravesen embedded herself in the region prior to a wave of land invasions that swept the plateau leading up to Kenya’s 2017 general election. Through a rich telling of the history of Laikipia’s social, political and environmental dynamics, she invites a deeper understanding of the pre-election violence and general tensions as never done before. The manuscript is a revised version of the author's dissertation accepted by the Faculty of Arts and Humanities at the University of Cologne in 2018.Trade ReviewLaikipia has seen more violence than any part of Kenya over the past 30 years. Marie Gravesen here tells us why. Political claim-making, ethnic mobilisation, and land invasions set the terms of Laikipia’s struggles, in a context marked by resource competition and diminishing livelihoods. Patient fieldwork and evocative story-telling brings Laikipia’s communities to life in this excellent book, but we also learn why the situation is unlikely to improve any time soon. This is by far the best recent study of Kenya’s violent local politics. David M Anderson, Professor of African History, University of WarwickTable of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Figures and Tables 1 Introduction  1.1 The State of Emergency in Laikipia, 2016–17  1.2 Organisation of Chapters 2 Setting and Thematic Components  2.1 Setting the Scene  2.2 Notes on the Sensitivity to Voices in a Fragmented Setting  2.3 Case Selection and Ecological Overview  2.4 Thematic Components   2.4.1 Contested Lands   2.4.2 Ethnicity and Autochthony   2.4.3 Fragmentation and Frontiers   2.4.4 Commons and Customary Resources   2.4.5 Plural Perspectives on Sustainable Land Management  2.5 Concluding Remarks 3 Macro Perspectives: A History of Laikipia’s Contested Lands  3.1 Laikipia in the Nineteenth Century  3.2 Colonial Rule in Laikipia   3.2.1 The Kenya Land Commission, 1932–34   3.2.2 The Land Commission Questions   3.2.3 The African Reaction   3.2.4 The Emergent Urban Population and Trade  3.3 Independence Politics and the Repercussions of the Mau Mau   3.3.1 Pre-independence Mobility   3.3.2 Transition of Power and Land   3.3.3 Post-independence Politics   3.3.4 Land Reform and Resettlement Schemes  3.4 Post-colonial Land: Times of Autochthony   3.4.1 Immigration and Land-use Fragmentation   3.4.2 Violence and Political Instrumentalism  3.5 Concluding Remarks 4 Blaming the Others: Ethnic Identity and Claim-making  4.1 Historical Grievances   4.1.1 Present-day Grievances: Land, Ethnicity and Politics  4.2 Meta-Narratives of Claims and Their Repercussions in Lorien  4.3 Discursive Claims to Land   4.3.1 The Pastoralists   4.3.2 The Smallholders   4.3.3 The Ranchers   4.3.4 The Conservationists   4.3.5 The Absentees   4.3.6 Group Mobility  4.4 When Claims of Entitlement Are Acted Out   4.4.1 Encroachment and Raiding   4.4.2 Killing of Wildlife  4.5 Concluding Remarks 5 Enclosing the Land: From Common Land to Freehold Farmland and Back  5.1 The Construction of Enclosure in Laikipia: The Story of the Dykes  5.2 Towards Land Enclosures in Ol Moran and Thome   5.2.1 Symbolic Enclosures in Thome   5.2.2 Physically Enacted Enclosures in Ol Moran  5.3Present-day Enclosures in Laikipia   5.3.1 Practices of Enclosing Space: The Naming of Places   5.3.2 Physical Enclosures: Fencing  5.4 Concluding Remarks 6 Ambiguous Institutions: Twilight Actions of Land-buying Companies  6.1 All Things Come to Those Who Wait – or Do They?  6.2 The History of Land-buying Companies and Land Hunger  6.3 Institutional Pluralism and Land  6.4 The Case of Thome Farmers Company  6.5 The Power Dynamics of Land-buying Companies  6.6 Repercussions of Private Land Redistribution   6.6.1 Absentee Landlords   6.6.2 Absent Title Deeds and Vernacular Land Markets  6.7 Concluding Remarks 7 Africanisation or Invasion: Laikipia’s land-use Change  7.1 Diachronic Perspectives on Land-use Change in Three Case Study Areas   7.1.1 Lorien   7.1.2 Ol Moran   7.1.3 Thome  7.2 Historical Perceptions of the Landscape   7.2.1 Travel Writers’ Perceptions of New Land   7.2.2 Rights, Borders and Water: Land-use Practices from the 1930s   7.2.3 The Peak and Transition of European Settlement in the 1960s  7.3 Present-day Land-use Dynamics of an Africanised Landscape  7.4 Concluding Remarks 8 Conclusion  8.1 Understanding Laikipia   8.1.1 Frontiers, Fragmentation and Colonial Residue   8.1.2 Legal Pluralism and Land Rights   8.1.3 Ethnicity and the Politicisation of Land Claims   8.1.4 The Sustainablity of Land-management Practices  8.2 Resolving the State of Emergency in Laikipia, 2016–17  8.3 Final Thoughts  Bibliography  Index

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Book SynopsisThe civilizing mission associated with nineteenth-century colonialism became harder to justify after the First World War. In an increasingly anti-imperialist culture, elites reformulated schemes for the “improvement” of “inferior” societies. Nation building, social engineering, humanitarianism, modernization or the spread of democracy were used to justify outside interventions and the top-down transformation of non-western, international or even domestic societies. The contributions in Civilizing Missions in the Twentieth Century discuss how these justifications influenced Polish nation building, Scandinavian disarmament proposals and technocratic social policies in the interwar years. Treatment of the second half of the century covers the changing cultural context of European humanitarianism, as well as the influence of American social science on US foreign policy, more particularly democracy promotion. Contributors are: Boris Barth, Rolf Hobson, Jürgen Osterhammel, Frank Ninkovich, Bianka Pietrow-Ennker, Karen Gram-Skjoldager, Esther Moeller, and Jost Dülffer.Table of ContentsNotes on Contributors Civilizing Missions from the 19th to the 21st Centuries, or from Uplifting to Democratization  Boris Barth and Rolf Hobson The Cultural Transformation of America’s Civilizing Mission in the Twentieth Century  Frank Ninkovich Nation-Building, Concepts of Space and Civilizing Mission in the Early Second Republic of Poland  Bianka Pietrow-Ennker Ambiguities of the Domestic Civilizing Mission: Technocratic Elites and Social Engineering in Interwar Europe  Boris Barth Lilliputians for Peace: Scandinavian Internationalism and International Disarmament c. 1880–1940  Karen Gram-Skjoldager Questioning the Civilizing Mission: Humanitarianism and the Arab World in the 20th Century  Esther Moeller The Democratic Peace Controversy in Retrospect as a “Civilizing Mission”? a Theory Revisited  Jost Dülffer American Nationalism and Regime Change: How the Neocons Tried to Speed Up the Inevitable  Rolf Hobson Epilogue: from Civilizing Missions to the Defence of Civility  Jürgen Osterhammel Index

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Book SynopsisThe truck system was a global phenomenon in the period 1865-1920, where workers were paid through the company store. In Beyond Racism and Poverty Karin Lurvink looks at how this system functioned on plantations in Louisiana in comparison with peateries in the Netherlands. In the United States, the system is often viewed as a 'second slavery' and strongly associated with racism. In the Netherlands, however, not racism but poverty has been seen as the main reason for its continued existence. By using a variety of historical sources and by analyzing the perspectives of both employers and workers, Lurvink provides new insights into how the truck system worked and can be explained. She reveals how the system was not only coercive but had advantages for the workers as well, which should not be overlooked.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements List of Illustrations Abbreviations and Conventions Glossary Introduction  The Truck System—A Nineteenth-Century Global Phenomenon  American Historians Discussing the Truck System—Racism  Dutch Historians Discussing the Truck System—Poverty  Selecting the Research Cases  Rational Choice-Approach  Voice from the Past: Source Material  Outline 1 Bayous and Bogs—The Geography of Isolation  The Louisiana Countryside  Louisiana Rivers, Creeks, Lakes, and Bayous  Railroads—An Improved Connection to the Outside World  Dutch Roads and Highways of Water 2 Truck Payments  Fields of Cotton and Sugarcane  Permanent and Seasonal Peat Lands  Truck Payments   Direct Non-Cash—Something to Eat and a Few Rags to Wear?   Indirect Non-Cash—The Company Store   Colorful Tokens and Handwritten Store Notes   Living off Future Income  Piles of Greenbacks, Dollars, and Guilders  Conclusions 3 Abuse? The Effects of the Truck System  Whiskey, Jenever, and Alcoholics  High Price, Low Quality  Usurious Interest Rates  Debt Peonage  Conclusions 4 Costs and Benefits—The Employer’s Perspective  Costs—The Opposite of the Truck System  Economic Forces and Financial Difficulties   Strapped for Cash   Miserable Years and Declining Profits   ‘The Queerest Looking Creatures’—Labor Supply and Productivity  ‘The Misery of this Time’ and Truck Payment Methods  Conclusions 5 Carrots, Cake, and Candy—The Store as a Positive Incentive  Presents ‘Joyfully Accepted’  Facilitating Commerce   Self-sufficient Little Worlds of Their Own?   The Alternative Marketplace –‘A Welcome Sight to the Rural Resident’   Credit Scarcity  Consumerism and the Physical Artifacts of Modern Life   ‘From Something to Eat, to Something to Work, to Something to Wear’   Shopping in the Peat Employer’s Store—‘The More We Take, the More We Have’   Access to Desires  Conclusions 6 Sticks and Strikes—The Store as a Negative Incentive  Debating and Denouncing the Truck System  ‘No Way to Check the Honesty of the Records’  Lack of Freedom  Racist Truck System?  Conclusions 7 The Power of Racism and Class  Increasing Terror  Declining Resistance  Racism and the Truck System  No Truck, No Job  Lowest Class of Society  Conclusions Conclusion  Main Conclusions  Racism and Poverty  Beyond Louisiana and the Netherlands: Suggestions for Future Research Appendices  Appendix 1. Louisiana Database and Method of Analysis   Creating the Database   Method of Analysis  Appendix 2. Dutch Database and Method of Analysis  Appendix 3. Harry Baptiste and Samuel Taylor—Oral History Interview 2011  Appendix 4. Isolation and Infrastructure Sources  Unpublished Sources   Peateries   Plantation Administrations  Photographs  Tokens  Interviews  Printed Sources  Newspapers  Dutch Newspapers  Universiteitsbibliotheek Vrije Universiteit  Government Documents  Dutch Government Documents  Second Chamber Reports  First Chamber Reports  Maps  Miscellaneous  Published sources  Price Data  Travel Accounts  Miscellaneous Bibliography  Literature  Unpublished Studies Index

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Book SynopsisIn Slaving Zones: Cultural Identities, Ideologies, and Institutions in the Evolution of Global Slavery, fourteen authors—including both world-leading and emerging historians of slavery—engage with the ‘Slaving Zones’ theory. This theory has recently taken the field of Mediterranean slavery studies by storm, and the challenge posed by the editors was to see if the ‘Slaving Zones’ theory could be applied in the wider context of long-term global history. The results of this experiment are promising. In the Introduction, Jeff Fynn-Paul points out over a dozen ways in which the contributors have added to the concept of ‘Slaving Zones’, helping to make it one of the more dynamic theories of global slavery since the advent of Orlando Patterson’s Slavery and Social Death.Table of ContentsPreface List of Illustrations Notes on Contributors 1 Introduction. Slaving Zones in Global History: The Evolution of a Concept Jeff Fynn-Paul Part I. Slaving Zones to the Dawn of the Modern Era 2 “To Serve Them All the More”: Christian Slaveholders and Christian Slaves in Antiquity Jennifer A. Glancy 3 Christianities in Conflict: The Black Sea as a Genoese Slaving Zone in the Later Middle Ages Hannah Barker 4 Considerations About the Territorial Distribution of Slaves in the Romanian Principalities Viorel Achim 5 Iberia’s Old World Slaving Zones in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Periods William D. Phillips, Jr. 6 Chasing ‘Caribs’: Defining Zones of Legal Indigenous Enslavement in the Circum-Caribbean, 1493–1542 Erin Stone Part II. Slaving Zones in Modern Times (18th Century-Present) 7 How Useful is the Concept of Slaving Zones? Some Thoughts from the Experience of Dahomey and Kongo John K. Thornton 8 Some Thoughts Concerning the Effects of the European Slave Trade on the Dynamics of Slavery in Madagascar in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Rafaël Thiebaut 9 “Hearing the Sound of the Flute from Zanzibar”: Migrating Communities and Slave Trade Routes in the Indian Ocean Beatrice Nicolini 10 Slave Protection and Resistance in Colonial Mauritius, 1829–1830 Tyler Yank Part III. Slaving Zones in a Post-Abolition World 11 The Price You Pay: Choosing Family, Friends, and Familiarity Over Freedom in the Leeward Islands, 1835–1863 Jessica Roitman 12 Black Bondspeople, White Masters and Mistresses, and the Americanization of the Upper Mississippi River Valley Lead District Jennifer Kirsten Stinson 13 A Female Slaving Zone? Historical Constructions of the Traffic in Asian Women Julia Martinez 14 “Slaving Zones, Contemporary Slavery and Citizenship: Reflections from the Brazilian Case” Alexis Jonathan Martig Index

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Book SynopsisBased on many previously unused sources from Ottoman and British archives, Governing the Frontiers in the Ottoman Empire offers a micro-history to understand the nineteenth century Ottoman reforms on the eastern frontiers. By examining the administrative, military and fiscal transformation of Muş, a multi-ethnic, multi-religious sub-province in the Ottoman East, it shows how the reforms were not top-down and were shaped according to local particularities. The book also provides a story of the notables, tribes and peasants of a frontier region. Focusing on the relations between state-notables, notables-tribes, notables-peasants and finally tribes-peasants, the book shows both the causes of contention and collaborations between the parties.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations A Note on Transliteration 1 Introduction  1.1 Frontiers, Tanzimat and Provincial Studies  1.2 Historical Geography of Muş  1.3 About the Sources  1.4 Structure of the Book 2 Emin Pasha of Muş: A Negotiation of Power in the Periphery of the Ottoman Empire  2.1 Notables of Muş and the Nature of Their Political and Economic Power  2.2 The Rise of Emin Pasha  2.3 Utilization of Frontier Tribes  2.4 Conclusion 3 The Revolt of Emin Pasha: Punishment and Cooptation  3.1 Preparation for the Revolt: In the Pursuit of Allies  3.2 Between Negotiation and Contest  3.3 The Contours of Negotiation  3.4 The Reappointment of Emin Pasha  3.5 Muş in the Course of Centralization Efforts: The First Phase of the Abolition of Yurtluk-Ocaklıks  3.6 Conclusion 4 The Tanzimat State in Muş: Collaboration with and Punishment of Local Actors  4.1 On the Eve of the Application of Tanzimat Reforms: A Network of Exploitation  4.2 The Tanzimat State in Muş  4.3 Old Actors and the New Regime  4.4 Şerif Bey as Mediator: The Beginning of the End  4.5 Exile of Alaaddin Pashazades from Muş  4.6 Conclusion 5 Aftermath of the Exile of the Yurtluk-Ocaklık Holders  5.1 Confiscation of the Yurtluk-Ocaklık Villages of Şerif Bey and His Brothers and Its Implications  5.2 Limits of the Villages and the Determination of Salaries  5.3 Struggle for Forgiveness  5.4 Debate over the Yurtluk-Ocaklık Villages of Emin Pasha  5.5 Future of the Yurtluk-Ocaklık Salaries  5.6 Conclusion 6 The Post Tanzimat Era: Evaluation of the Reforms through the Petitions of Ordinary People  6.1 Conflicting Viewpoints Regarding Governors  6.2 New Administrators, Old Habits  6.3 Socio-Economic Results of the Crimean War for Muş’s Locality  6.4 Council Members, Tax Farmers, Moneylenders and Peasants  6.5 Conclusion 7 Governors, Tribes, and Peasants  7.1 Implications of the Tanzimat Reforms for the Nomadic Groups  7.2 Peasants and the Nomads: Settlement of the Tribes  7.3 Nomadic Tribes in the Vicinity of the Sanjak of Muş 8 The Hesenan Tribe: The Cases of Rıdvan and Kulihan Aghas  8.1 The Tribes in Dispute: Conflicts between the Tribes of Muş and Those of Its Vicinity  8.2 In Lieu of a Conclusion 9 Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis"This book discusses the links between land access, property rights, and economic development, analyzing the results and limitations of a public intervention- Land Titling and Registration- that constitutes one of the main instruments for contemporary land policy in Peru. It attempts to provide a comprehensive analysis and discussion of the importance of institutions, like land property rights, in the context of market liberalization reforms. In operational terms, this means verifying whether land titling constitutes a necessary and/or sufficient condition to promote investments and increase land values. This book reveals that titling and registration can be considered as a necessary condition to improve investment opportunities when its implementation procedure is based on the recognition of previous informal land rights and community networks, because its effect on the reduction of transaction costs at a regional level improves the dynamics of land markets and facilitates the entrance of formal financial institutions. A decentralized program is more likely to understand and correctly assess local conditions, as well as to concentrate its work on poorer farmers confronting stronger limitations to acquire tenure security by other means. Targeting must be applied also at the regional level, identifying less-developed areas that can benefit from the externality effects provided by increased levels of titling density. The presence of other limitations that constrain the participation of small farmers in the formal credit market, and the inability of titling to solve them by itself, makes it difficult to consider this policy as a sufficient condition to improve the livelihood of poorer farmers. Complementary policies that provide small farmers with the opportunity to increase their land-holdings, as well as the possibility to acquire insurance against negative shocks, need urgent implementation."

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Book SynopsisInternational crimes cause widespread victimisation and destruction, leading to social disruption that may take generations to repair. Over the years, the international community has established international courts to end the culture of impunity in relation to such crimes and to enforce a culture of accountability. A critical success factor for these courts is to ensure that they are perceived as legitimate in post-conflict societies.Established after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi ethnic group, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was active for 20 years and closed its doors in December 2015. This book identifies the legitimacy challenges faced by the ICTR, based in Arusha, Tanzania, and its subsequent legitimisation activities implemented to gain, maintain and repair legitimacy, while also examining which stakeholders the ICTR targeted in its efforts to establish and/or maintain its legitimacy.This book is intended for policy-makers and practitioners working in the fields of international criminal law, human rights and transitional justice. More specifically, it addresses professionals working for international criminal courts or tribunals, including those working at the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals in Arusha and The Hague. This book also aims to reach individuals involved in the design and implementation of external relations activities and outreach programmes.Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations; Glossary of Key Terms; 1 Introduction; 2 Legitimacy: Theoretical Framework; 3 Methodology; 4 Looking Back: A Legitimate Tribunal?; 5 Legitimisation in Practice; 6 Disconnected Legitimisation; 7 Discussion and Concluding Remarks; Index of Figures and Tables; References; Bibliography

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Book SynopsisChapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: Governmental Decentralization And State Compliance With International Rights Treaties.- Chapter 3: The Effect Of Governmental Decentralization On State Compliance With International Human Rights Treaties: Evidence From Cross-National Analyses.- Chapter 4: Case Study: China’s Compliance With The Un Convention Against Torture.- Chapter 5: Case Study: U.S. Compliance With Article 36 Of The Vienna Convention On Consular Relations.- Chapter 6: Conclusion.

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