Human rights, civil rights Books

Book SynopsisThis widely acclaimed and highly regarded book, used extensively by students, scholars, policymakers, and activists, now appears in a new third edition. Focusing on the theme of visions seen by those who dreamed of what might be, Lauren explores the dramatic transformation of a world patterned by centuries of human rights abuses into a global community that now boldly proclaims that the way governments treat their own people is a matter of international concern—and sets the goal of human rights for all peoples and all nations. He reveals the truly universal nature of this movement, places contemporary events within their broader historical contexts, and explains the relationship between individual cases and larger issues of human rights with insight.This new edition incorporates material from recently declassified documents and the most recent scholarship relating to the creation of the new Human Rights Council and its Universal Periodic Review, the International CriminaTrade Review"Perhaps the most significant contribution to the historiography of human rights. . . . [A] beautiful historical tapestry . . . [in which] colorful threads converge to create complications that only an astute scholar-author could sift through without being lost in analytical mazes or leaving behind bewildered readers." * Human Rights Quarterly *"Beautifully written and meticulously researched history of the idea of human rights. . . . To read in this book how far we have come and how far we still have to go is an inspiration to the activist and a challenge to the idle." * American Journal of International Law *"An indispensable reference source for scholars and students of human rights." * Political Science Quarterly *"Paul Gordon Lauren has skillfully combined a detailed history of the legal documents with the political, philosophical, and social context in which they developed." * American Historical Review *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: Visions and Visionaries 1. My Brother's and Sister's Keeper: Visions and the Origins of Human Rights Religious Visions Philosophical Visions Traditional Practices and Ideas of a Very Different Sort Visions—and Reality 2. To Protect Humanity and Defend Justice: Early International Efforts To Free the Enslaved To Assist the Exploited To Care for the Wounded To Protect the Persecuted 3. Entering the Twentieth Century: Visions, War, Revolutions, and Peacemaking Modernization, Internationalization, and Visions of Rights War, Revolutions, and Rights Peacemaking and Human Rights The Covenant: Rights Proclaimed and Rights Rejected 4. Opportunities and Challenges: Visions and Rights Between the Wars A Flourishing of Visions Opportunities for New Departures Persistent Problems and Challenges The Gathering Storm 5. A "People's War": The Crusade of World War II War, Genocide, and Self-Reflections Crusaders, Visions, and Proposals Human Rights Versus National Sovereignty in Postwar Planning Opposition from the Great Powers 6. A "People's Peace": Peace and a Charter with Human Rights Insisting on a Peace with Rights Politics and Diplomacy at the San Francisco Conference The Charter of the United Nations Differing Reactions and Assessments 7. Proclaiming a Vision: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Revolution Begins Challenging Questions of Philosophy Difficult Problems of Politics The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 8. Transforming Visions into Reality: The First Fifty Years of the Universal Declaration Extending Rights and Setting Standards Protecting Rights Through Implementation Promoting Rights Expanding Activities and Enhancing Rights 9. The Continuing Evolution International Law, the Responsibility to Protect, and Challenges to Sovereignty Globalization, Development, Terrorism—and Torture New Human Rights Institutions and Organizations Technology and Political Will 10. Toward the Future The Nature and Power of Visions People of Vision and Action Forces and Events of Consequence Process, Politics, and Perspective The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Notes Selected Bibliography Index About the Author

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Book SynopsisReza Afshari reveals Iran's attempt to hide human rights abuses by labeling oppression as an authentic cultural practice.Trade Review"The most exhaustive treatment of the record of human rights in postrevolutionary Iran. . . . This well-written and copiously researched volume will remain the standard work for years to come." * Choice *"Using a vast array of government documents, newspapers, journals, memoirs of political prisoners, and reports issued by the Special Representative appointed by the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR), Reza Afshari provides a rich, sensitive, and very sympathetic presentation of the experiences and voices of victims of human-rights violations in Iran." * International Journal of Middle East Studies *"This book's powerful synthesis of data, narrative, and theory provides an important resource for those engaged in the study and furtherance of human rights." * Harvard Law Review *Table of ContentsA Note on Transliteration Preface Human Rights Discourse Main Sources Used in This Book UN Reports Prison Memoirs and Their Significance The Structure of the Book Ch. 1. Islamic Cultural Relativism in Human Rights Discourse Ch. 2. The Shiite Theocracy Ch. 3. The Right to Life Ch. 4. The Right to Freedom from Torture Ch. 5. The Right to Liberty and Security of Person and to Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest Ch. 6. The Right to a Fair Trial Ch. 7. The Right to Freedom of Conscience, Thought, and Religion Ch. 8. Renounce Your Conscience or Face Death: The Prison Massacre of 1988 Ch. 9. The Right to Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion: Iranian Religious Minorities Ch. 10. Official Responses to the United Nations: Countering the Charges of Violations in the 1980s Ch. 11. Change of Tactics After Ayatollah Khomeini's Death Ch. 12. The Special Representative's Meetings with the Judiciary and Security Officials Ch. 13. The Right to Freedom of Opinion, Expression, and the Press Ch. 14. The Most Revealing Cases of Violations of the Right to Freedom of Expression and the Press Ch. 15. The Rights to Participate in the Political Life of the Country and to Peaceful Assembly and Association Ch. 16. The Rights of Women Ch. 17. UN Monitoring, 1984-2000: Mixed Results Conclusion Afterword Notes Selected Bibliography Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisReproductive Health and Human Rights: The Way Forward critically reflects on the past fifteen years of international efforts aimed at improving health, alleviating poverty, diminishing gender inequality, and promoting human rights. The volume includes essays by leading scholars and practitioners that are centered on the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) and its resulting Programme of Action. ICPD, an agreement among 179 governments, UN agencies, and NGOs, was intended to shape population and development policy—reinterpreted and redefined as reproductive health. More than a decade after the enthusiasm that accompanied ICPD, there is growing concern about its effectiveness in the context of global health and development. Reproductive Health and Human Rights addresses that concern.The book grapples with fundamental questions about the relationships among population, fertility decline, reproductive health, human rTable of ContentsPreface PART I: GLOBAL AGENDAS AND POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 1. Global Reproductive Health and Rights: Reflecting on ICPD —Mindy Jane Roseman and Laura Reichenbach 2. The Global Reproductive Health and Rights Agenda: Opportunities and Challenges for the Future —Laura Reichenbach 3. The Conundrum of Population and Reproductive Health Programs in the Early Twenty-First Century —George Zeidenstein 4. Population, Poverty Reduction, and the Cairo Agenda —David E. Bloom and David Canning 5. Mobilizing Resources for Reproductive Health —Tom W. Merrick 6. Measuring Reproductive Health: From Contraceptive Prevalence to Human Development Indicators —Joan Kaufman PART II: HUMAN RIGHTS REALIZATIONS 7. Bearing Human Rights: Maternal Health and the Promise of ICPD —Mindy Jane Roseman 8. Advocacy Strategies for Young People's Sexual and Reproductive Health: Using UN Processes —Bonnie Shepard 9. Approaches to Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV Policies and Programs: Synergies and Disconnects —Sofia Gruskin 10. Technology, Reproductive Health, and the Cairo Consensus —Kelly Blanchard 11. The Cairo "Compromise" on Abortion and Its Consequences for Making Abortion Safe and Legal —Marge Berer PART III: CHALLENGES TO INSTITUTIONALIZING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS 12. Advocacy for Sexuality and Women's Rights: Continuities, Discontinuities, and Strategies Since ICPD —Françoise Girard 13. Situating Reproductive Health Within the Academy —Alaka Basu 14. The Political Limits of the United Nations in Advancing Reproductive Health and Rights —Heidi Larson and Michael R. Reich 15. Examining Religion and Reproductive Health: Constructive Engagement for the Future —Frances Kissling 16. Conclusion: Conceptual Successes and Operational Challenges to ICPD: Global Reproductive Health and Rights Moving Forward —Rebecca Firestone, Laura Reichenbach, and Mindy Jane Roseman Notes Bibliography List of Contributors Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisIn Muslims in Global Politics, Mahmood Monshipouri examines the role identity plays in the political dynamics of six different Muslim nations-Egypt, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Iran, and Indonesia-as well as in Muslim diaspora communities in Europe and North America.Table of ContentsPreface: Muslims' Struggles for Identities, Interests, and Human Rights Chapter 1. Muslims' Quest for Identities, Interests, and Human Rights Chapter 2. International Human Rights Norms and Muslim Experiences Chapter 3. Gender, Identity, and Negotiating Rights Chapter 4. Searching for a Modern Islamic Identity in Egypt Chapter 5. Occupation, Sectarianism, and Identity Politics in Iraq Chapter 6. The Melding of the Old and New in the United Arab Emirates Chapter 7. Secularism, Turkish Islam, and Identity Chapter 8. The Reemergence of Populism in Iranian Politics: Constructing New Identities Chapter 9. Negotiating Modernity and Tradition in Indonesia Chapter 10. Construction of Muslims in Europe: The Politics of Immigration Conclusion: Identities, Interests, and Human Rights Notes Glossary Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisGlenda Sluga traces internationalism through its rise before World War I, its mid-century apogee, and its decline after 9/11. Drawing on archival material and contemporary accounts, this innovative history restores internationalism as essential to understanding nationalism in the twentieth century.Trade Review"Sluga's definition of internationalism allows her to highlight the scope of the phenomenon: a vast and diverse array of people and groups strove to make the world a better place. . . . She has written a stimulating [book] that prods its readers to think hard." * American Historical Review *"Lively, accessible, and imaginative. Sluga enters the worlds of leading twentieth-century policy-makers, thinkers, and activists in ways that are bound to grip readers interested in the history of the modern world and in debates about the global community of the future." * Patricia Clavin, Oxford University *"Internationalism in the Age of Nationalism is a well-written, wide-ranging, and thoughtful work on an important topic by a distinguished scholar. Sluga presents an original argument about the evolution of internationalism by focusing on its dynamic relationship with nationalism and the concept of national sovereignty. She has put together a rich tapestry that recaptures the breadth and richness of internationalist discourse." * Peter Jackson, University of Strathclyde *Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1. The International Turn Chapter 2. Imagine Geneva, Between the Wars Chapter 3. The Apogee of Internationalism Chapter 4. What Is the International? Afterword. The Nation in the Age of Internationalism Notes Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisLooting and Rape in Wartime examines the causes of the hundred-year gap between the prohibition against wartime looting and that against rape, theorizing the conditions necessary for the emergence of a global prohibition regime in which a particular practice is not tolerated.Trade Review"Looting and Rape in Wartime represents a conscientious effort to trace the institutional approach to the serious issue of rape during armed conflict . . . [and] makes a valuable contribution to research on human rights laws and institutions." * Perspectives on Politics *"An overall excellent book." * Choice *"A brilliant book. Inal asks why pillage and rape were outlawed in treaty law in two very different historical periods, and why rape in particular was not outlawed until very recently-intriguing empirical questions that take the reader not only through the historiography of war law but also through a very systematic investigation of causal relations in regime development. Going beyond most comparative analyses, Inal offers a compelling explanation as to why such law was developed in certain periods." * Charli Carpenter, University of Massachusetts-Amherst *Table of ContentsChapter 1. Prohibition Regimes Chapter 2. The Prohibition of Pillage in War Chapter 3. The (Non) Prohibition of Rape in War: The Hague Conventions Chapter 4. The Prohibition of Rape in War: First Steps: The Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols Chapter 5. The Prohibition of Rape in War: The Success: The Rome Statute Chapter 6. Conclusions Appendices A: Treaties B: Indicators of Legalization Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisCarrie Booth Walling posits that the arguments Security Council members make about the cause and character of conflict and the source of sovereign authority in target states matter: they enable or constrain the use of military force in defense of human rights.Trade Review"Overall, All Necessary Measures is an evocative project, in no small part because it challenges the primacy of place that scholars and policymakers give to material and strategic concerns. . . . This is an important piece of scholarship for all readers interested in conflict and human rights, as it clearly and cogently demonstrates that narratives matter, even in the realm of power politics." * Human Rights Quarterly *"Carrie Booth Walling makes a sharp and compelling case for the role of argument in shaping decisions to intervene on humanitarian grounds. From this simple and elegant premise, and drawing adeptly on primary documents, she explains a full range of humanitarian interventions." * Sonia Cardenas, author of Human Rights in Latin America *"All Necessary Measures makes an important contribution to the constructivist literature and brings together numerous cases under a simple but telling framework that illuminates the decision processes of the Security Council on issues of humanitarian intervention." * William Burke-White, University of Pennsylvania School of Law *Table of ContentsChapter 1. Constructing Humanitarian Intervention Chapter 2. The Emergence of Human Rights Discourse in the Security Council: Domestic Repression in Iraq, 1990-1992 Chapter 3. State Collapse in Somalia and the Emergence of Humanitarian Intervention Chapter 4. From Nonintervention to Humanitarian Intervention: Contested Stories About Sovereignty and Victimhood in Bosnia-Herzegovina Chapter 5. The Perpetrator State and Security Council Inaction: The Case of Rwanda Chapter 6. International Law, Human Rights, and State Sovereignty: The Security Council Response to Killings in Kosovo Chapter 7. Complex Conflicts and Obstacles to Rescue in Darfur, Sudan Chapter 8. The Responsibility to Protect, Individual Criminal Accountability, and Humanitarian Intervention in Libya Chapter 9. Causal Stories, Human Rights, and the Evolution of Sovereignty Notes Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"In a book that ranges from poignantly personal to deeply ethnographic but is across-the-board strikingly original, Mibenge challenges the legalization of gender essentialism and the gender nature of (sexual violence in) conflict. Using original research from Rwanda and Sierra Leone alongside in-depth legal analysis, the author compellingly makes the argument that the very norms and laws that appear to protect victims of sexual violence actually regulate and silence the very people they are meant to attract." * Choice *"Sex and International Tribunals interrogates the unstated cultural assumptions behind the legal profession's claims to impartiality and universality. At a moment when international interventions in societies in crisis have never been more visible, this powerful and in-depth analysis is sorely needed." * Mary Moran, Colgate University *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Gender and Violence in the Market and Beyond Chapter 1. The Women Were Not Raped: Gender and Violence in Butare-Ville Chapter 2. All the Women Were Raped: Gender and Violence in Rwanda Chapter 3. All Men Rape: Gender and Violence in Sierra Leone Chapter 4. All Women Are Slaves: Insiders and Outsiders to Gender and Violence Conclusion: There Are No Raped Women Here Notes Works Cited Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"When speaking of disaster henceforth, we cannot escape the ensuing political questions this volume interrogates." * Los Angeles Review of Books *"In a world marked by calamity, this timely volume widens the lens of our understanding by emphasizing the importance of deeply contextualized approaches to the study of disaster. The end result is a vibrant reimagination of the field and a captivating introduction to critical disaster studies." * Lori Peek, University of Colorado Boulder *"This is a vital, iconoclastic volume that turns much conventional thinking about disaster studies on its head. The contributions are lively, geographically varied, and conceptually suggestive. An exciting and invaluable book." * Rob Nixon, Princeton University *"An urgent, timely, and vitally important volume that deserves a wide readership. As the crisis precipitated by the Covid-19 pandemic has made all too clear, this volume’s unifying themes—vulnerability, risk, resilience, and disaster—are concepts that every one of us ought to understand, grapple with, and critique." * Julia Irwin, University of South Florida *Table of ContentsIntroduction. Introducing Critical Disaster Studies Andy Horowitz and Jacob A. C. Remes Part I. Knowing Disaster Chapter 1. The Voyage of the Paragon: Disaster as Method Scott Gabriel Knowles and Zachary Loeb Chapter 2. Acts of God, Man, and System: Knowledge, Technology, and the Construction of Disaster Ryan Hagen Chapter 3. When Does a Crisis Begin? Race, Gender, and the Subprime Noncrisis of the Late 1990s Dara Z. Strolovitch Part II. Governing Disaster Chapter 4. Concrete Kleptocracy and Haiti's Culture of Building: Toward a New Temporality of Disaster Claire Antone Payton Chapter 5. Risk Technopolitics in Freetown Slums: Why Community-Based Disaster Management Is No Silver Bullet Aaron Clark-Ginsberg Chapter 6. Spaces at Risk: Urban Politics and Slum Relocation in Chennai, India Pranathi Diwakar Chapter 7. Plan B: The Collapse of Public-Private Risk Sharing in the US National Flood Insurance Program Rebecca Elliott Part III. Imagining Disaster Chapter 8. Mediating Disaster, or A History of the Novel Susan Scott Parrish Chapter 9. The Tōkai Earthquake and Changing Lexicons of Risk Kerry Smith Chapter 10. Translating Disaster Knowledge from Japan to Chile: A Proposal for Incompleteness Chika Watanabe Afterword. "Acts of Men": Disasters Neglected, Preventable, and Moral Kenneth Hewitt Notes Bibliography Index List of Contributors Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisPublic school classrooms around the world have the power to shape and transform youth culture and identity. In this book, Mneesha Gellman examines how Indigenous high school students resist assimilation and assert their identities through access to Indigenous language classes in public schools. Drawing on ethnographic accounts, qualitative interviews, focus groups, and surveys, Gellman's fieldwork examines and compares the experiences of students in Yurok language courses in Northern California and Zapotec courses in Oaxaca, Mexico. She contends that this access to Indigenous language instruction in secondary schooling serves as an arena for Indigenous students to develop their sense of identity and agency, and provides them tools and strategies for civic, social, and political participation, sometimes in unexpected ways.Showcasing young people's voices, and those of their teachers and community members, in the fight for culturally relevant curricula and educational success, GTrade Review"[A] thoughtful analysis on the effects of Indigenous language access on Indigenous youth...Gellman’s book adds to important conversations and debates on democracy and pluralism, Indigenous studies, and settler colonial studies in comparative politics and beyond. Her analysis is a welcomed addition to research offering a contemporary view of Indigenous resistance and survival to settler colonialism in education." -- Raymond Foxworth * Nationalism and Ethnic Politics *"Indigenous Language Politics in the Schoolroom is an accessible book that shares valuable insights learned from comparative and collaborative research engagement with Zapotec and Yurok educators across several years, including pandemic years, which attest to the commitment of the researcher to Indigenous education. Engaging with this book can inspire readers to consider how we can engage in Indigenous education research and practice to benefit its diverse actors and how we can do so by drawing on a wide range of knowledges and ways of knowing—across cultures, across disciplines and across methodological paradigms." * Revista: Harvard Reiew of Latin America *"Mneesha Gellman shows how Indigenous language programs in high schools operate as collaborative platforms for Indigenous identity reclamation, multicultural empowerment, and decolonization, and demonstrates how Indigenous languages and cultures are relevant issues to anyone interested in forging a fairer society." * Américo Mendoza Mori, Harvard University *"This book shows why language matters so much for Indigenous identity, and how communities like mine are keeping our language alive. Mneesha Gellman demonstrates how important it is for young people to learn about themselves and their cultures, and for schools to make a place for everyone in the schoolroom." * Victoria Carlson, Yurok Language Program Manager for the Yurok Tribe *Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Contemporary Culturecide: Why Language Politics Matters for Youth Participation Chapter 2. Collaborative Methodology: Research With, Not On, Indigenous Communities Chapter 3. Language Regimes, Education, and Culturecide in Mexico and the United States Chapter 4. Weaving Resistance: Zapotec Language Survival in Teotitlán del Valle, Oaxaca, Mexico Chapter 5. “My Art Is My Participation”: Language and Rights in Oaxaca de Juárez, Mexico Chapter 6. Like Water Slipping Through Cracks in a Basket: Teaching and Learning Yurok at Hoopa Valley High School, California Chapter 7. “We Are Still Here”: Navigating Cultural Rights and Discrimination at Eureka High School, California Conclusion. Advocating for Multilingual, Pluricultural Democracy Appendix 1. Informational Letter for Students, Parents, Guardians, and Community Members Appendix 2. Permission Form Appendix 3. Examples of Qualitative Interview Questions for Research Appendix 4. Examples of Focus Group Questions Appendix 5. Survey, English Version for Use in Language Classes (V1) Appendix 6. Discussion of Survey Data in Relation to Language and Identity Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisIn this important work, Menno T. Kamminga challenges one of the cornerstones of classic international law: the presumption that states are entitled to exercise diplomatic protection only on behalf of their own nationals.Trade Review"A very thorough and useful book." * International and Comparative Law Quarterly *"Kamminga provides a solid basis for further studies on how the international community could or should ensure that offending states are forced in practice to actually comply with their international obligations." * Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights *"Kamminga has successfully proved that the (old) rule that a state cannot be held accountable by others for the way in which it treats its own citizens has (long ago) become obsolete. The author's analysis is meticulous and detailed; his research, based on an inductive method, is in-depth and extensive." * Netherlands International Law Review *"Well balanced, convincing, and based on a sound methodological approach, as well as a thorough analysis of the relevant theory and practice. He clearly proves that states may be legally held accountable for any violation of their international human rights obligations by other states, either individually or in the framework of international organizations." * Human Rights Quarterly *

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Book SynopsisHow do nongovernmental organizations affect the world of human rights?

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Book SynopsisLandsman discusses the difficulties inherent in prosecuting crimes against humanity, from the Eichmann trial to Milosevic.Table of ContentsPrologue Chapter 1. Nuremberg Chapter 2. Eichmann Chapter 3. John Demjanjuk and Ivan the Terrible Chapter 4. Imre Finta Chapter 5. Prospects for the Prosecution of Genocide Perpetrators Notes Index Acknowledgments

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Book Synopsis"An important book which adds the often neglected angle of political geography to the growing body of critical research on the Israeli state and society, and on the Jewish-Arab conflict."-Baruch Kimmerling, The Hebrew University of JerusalemTrade Review"Yiftachel's admirable work attempts both to characterise the nature of the Israeh state and to draw moral implications from such characterisation. On the basis of his analysis Yiftachel offers his vision for what he and many others refer to as 'Israel-Palestine'. Yiftachel asks, and attempts to answer, two interrelated questions: first, 'what kind of a polity is the state of Israel?', and second, 'what kind of a society is Israeh society?' Conventional wisdom would answer both questions with the word 'democratic'. However, Yiftachel's book masterfully challenges such an answer. His claim is that the state of Israel, uncritically dubbed as 'Jewish-democratic', belongs to a group of states that ought to be referred to as 'ethnocracies'. Israeli society is also an ethnocratic society." * Holy Land Studies *"A thoughtful, humane, and arresting book. . . . It ranges widely, contributing to a number of discussions in political geography, political sociology, and planning." * Planning Theory *"An important book that adds the often neglected angle of political geography to the growing body of critical research on the Israeli state and society, and on the Jewish-Arab conflict." * Baruch Kimmerling, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem *Table of ContentsPreface PART I. SETTINGS 1. Introduction 2. The Ethnocratic Regime: The Politics of Seizing Contested Territory PART II. ETHNOCRACY AND TERRITORY IN ISRAEL/PALESTINE 3. Zionist and Palestinian Nationalism: The Making of Territorial Identities 4. Debating Israeli Democracy 5. The Making of Ethnocracy in Israel/Palestine 6. The Spatial Foundation: the Israeli Land System PART III. ETHNOCRACY AND ITS PERIPHERIES: PALESTINIAN ARABS AND MIZRAHIM 7. Fractured Regionalism among Palestinian Arabs in Israel 8. Bedouin Arabs and Urban Ethnocracy in the Beer-Sheva Region 9. Mizrahi Identities in the Development Towns: The Making of a Third Space 10. Between Local and National: Mobilization in the Mizrahi Peripheries PART IV. LOOKING AHEAD 11. A Way Forward? The Planning of a Binational Capital in Jerusalem 12. Epilogue: A Demos for Israel/Palestine? Toward Phased Binationalism Notes Appendix References Index

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Book SynopsisTurkey''s mixed human rights record has been highly politicized in the debate surrounding the country''s probable ascendance to membership in the European Union. Beginning with the foundation of a secular republic in 1923, and continuing with founding membership in the United Nations and participation in the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Turkey made significant commitments to the advancement of human rights. However, its authoritarian tradition, periods of military rule, increasing social inequality, and economic crises have led to policies that undermine human rights. While legislative reforms and civil social activism since the 1980s have contributed greatly to the advancement of human rights, recent progress is threatened by the rise of nationalism, persistent gender inequality, and economic hardship.In Human Rights in Turkey, twenty-one Turkish and international scholars from various disciplines examine human rights policies and condi

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Book SynopsisAs nations throughout the world emerge from periods of human rights abuses, systematic oppression, and collective violence, truth commissions have become indispensable to political transition. Such commissions are established as temporary bodies to investigate human rights violations and patterns of violence that occurred over a specified period of time. Their goal is to document conflict—to recover the truth—as a first step toward healing.Of the truth commissions to date, the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) has most effectively captured public attention throughout the world and provided the model for succeeding bodies. Although other truth commissions had preceded its establishment, the TRC had a far more expansive mandate: to go beyond truth-finding to promote national unity and reconciliation, to facilitate the granting of amnesty to those who made full factual disclosure, to restore the human and civil dignity of victims by providing the

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Book SynopsisHuman rights nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are by definition not part of the state. Rather, they are an element of civil society, the strands of the fabric of organized life in countries, and crucial to the prospect of political democracy. Civil society is a very recent phenomenon in East African nations, where authoritarian regimes have prevailed and human rights watchdogs have had a critical role to play. While the state remains one of the major challenges to human rights efforts in the countries of the region, other problems that are internal to the human rights movement are also of a serious nature, and they are many: What are the social bases of the human rights enterprise in transitional societies? What mandate can human rights NGOs claim, and in whose name do they operate?Human Rights NGOs in East Africa critically explores the anatomy of the human rights movement in the East African region, examining its origins, challenges, and emergent themes in the conTable of ContentsIntroduction —Makau Mutua PART I. DEFINING CHALLENGES TO CIVIL SOCIETY IN EAST AFRICA Chapter 1. Human Rights NGOs in East Africa: Defining the Challenges —Makau Mutua Chapter 2. To Whom, for What, and About What? The Legitimacy of Human Rights NGOs in Kenya —Betty K. Murungi PART II. INTERROGATING NGO MANDATES: GENDER, SEXUALITY, AND ESC RIGHTS Chapter 3. Law, Sexuality, and Politics in Uganda: Challenges for Women's Human Rights NGOs —Sylvia Tamale Chapter 4. NGO Struggles for Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in UTAKE: A Ugandan Perspective —Joe Oloka-Onyango Chapter 5. Feminist Masculinity: Advocacy for Gender Equality and Equity —Willy Mutunga Chapter 6. Women's Advocacy: Engendering and Reconstituting the Kenyan State —Jacinta K. Muteshi PART III: DONORS AND GRANTEES: CONVERGENCES AND DIVERGENCES Chapter 7. Donors and Human Rights NGOs in East Africa: Challenges and Opportunities —Connie Ngondi-Houghton Chapter 8. Contradictions in Neoliberalism: Donors, Human Rights NGOs, and Governance in Kenya —Karuti Kanyinga PART IV STATE/CIVIL SOCIETY RELATIONS Chapter 9. State and Civil Society Relations: Constructing Human Rights Groups for Social Change —Livingstone Sewanyana Chapter 10. Governance and Democracy in Kenya: Challenges for Human Rights NGOs —J. Wanjiku Miano PART V. NGO INSTITUTIONAL CASE STUDIES Chapter 11. The African Women's Development and Communication Network: Pan-African Organizing in Human Rights —L. Muthoni Wanyeki Chapter 12. Social Transformation in Uganda: A Study of Grassroots NGOs —Dani W. Nabudere PART VI. SOUTH/SOUTH AND SOUTH/NORTH NGO RELATIONS Chapter 13. The Death Penalty in East Africa: Law and Transnational Advocacy —Margaret A. Burnham Chapter 14. Democracy Organizations in Political Transitions: IDASA and the New South Africa —Shaila Gupta and Alycia Kellman Conclusion: Coming of Age: NGOs and State Accountability in East Africa —Chris Maina Peter Notes List of Contributors Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisBefore the twenty-first century, there was little legal precedent for the prosecution of sexual violence as a war crime. Now, international tribunals have the potential to help make sense of political violence against both men and women; they have the power to uphold victims'' claims and to convict the leaders and choreographers of systematic atrocity. However, by privileging certain accounts of violence over others, tribunals more often confirm outmoded gender norms, consigning women to permanent rape victim status.In Sex and International Tribunals, Chiseche Salome Mibenge identifies the cultural assumptions behind the legal profession''s claims to impartiality and universality. Focusing on the postwar tribunals in Rwanda and Sierra Leone, Mibenge mines the transcripts of local and supranational criminal trials and truth and reconciliation commissions in order to identify and closely examine legal definitions of forced marriage, sexual enslavement, and the conscriptioTrade Review"In a book that ranges from poignantly personal to deeply ethnographic but is across-the-board strikingly original, Mibenge challenges the legalization of gender essentialism and the gender nature of (sexual violence in) conflict. Using original research from Rwanda and Sierra Leone alongside in-depth legal analysis, the author compellingly makes the argument that the very norms and laws that appear to protect victims of sexual violence actually regulate and silence the very people they are meant to attract." * Choice *"Sex and International Tribunals interrogates the unstated cultural assumptions behind the legal profession's claims to impartiality and universality. At a moment when international interventions in societies in crisis have never been more visible, this powerful and in-depth analysis is sorely needed." * Mary Moran, Colgate University *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Gender and Violence in the Market and Beyond Chapter 1. The Women Were Not Raped: Gender and Violence in Butare-Ville Chapter 2. All the Women Were Raped: Gender and Violence in Rwanda Chapter 3. All Men Rape: Gender and Violence in Sierra Leone Chapter 4. All Women Are Slaves: Insiders and Outsiders to Gender and Violence Conclusion: There Are No Raped Women Here Notes Works Cited Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisTracing the development of informally institutionalized conflict dynamics in Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Kosovo, Maria Koinova analyzes why some conflicts were resolved with minimal violence after the end of communism and others broke out into civil war.Trade Review"Koinova . . . is interested in why ethnonationalist conflicts vary in the level of violence they generate, why violence at whatever level persists, and when and why things change for the better or the worse. To get at the answers, she explores three cases, similar in their characteristics but different in their outcomes: Bulgaria (where majority-minority conflict has been free of violence), Kosovo (where it has not), and Macedonia (somewhere in between). Elaborate but lucid theorizing informs her explanations." * Foreign Affairs *"The book is innovative because it provides an alternative way of theorising governance of majority-minority relations and it opens up new thinking about EU enlargement into the post- communist Western Balkans." * Political Studies Review *"A conceptually sophisticated and empirically rich study. . . . Koinova uses comparative case studies of Bulgarian, Macedonian and Serbian policies toward Kosovo to explore the level and duration of violence among groups. Internal conflict dynamics are critical, especially interactions between ethnic majorities and minorities in the final days of communist rule. Sequencing is also important, making outcomes contingent and dependent on agency. Koinova's excellent book is an essential read for anyone interested in the Balkans, ethnic conflict and the study of politics more generally." * Richard Ned Lebow, King's College London *"In this nicely written and richly conceptualized comparative study, Maria Koinova compellingly argues that periods of "critical juncture"Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations Introduction: Applying Path-Dependence, Timing, and Sequencing in Conflict Analysis Chapter 1. The Majority-Minority Relationship and the Formation of Informally Institutionalized Conflict Dynamics Chapter 2. Self-Reinforcing Processes in the Majority-Minority Relationship Chapter 3. International Intervention During the Formative Period Chapter 4. International Agents, Self-Reinforcement of Conflict Dynamics, and Processes of Change Chapter 5. Intervention of Identity-Based Agents: Kin-States and Diasporas Chapter 6. Change in Conflict Dynamics Chapter 7. Continuity in Conflict Dynamics Conclusions: Lessons Learned About Informally Institutionalized Conflict Dynamics Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisWhen the regime led by Slobodan Miloševic came to an end in October 2000, expectations for social transformation in Serbia and the rest of the Balkans were high. The international community declared that an era of human rights had begun, while domestic actors hoped that the conditions that had made a violent dictatorship possible could be eliminated. More than a decade after the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia initiated the process of bringing violators of international humanitarian law to justice, significant legal precedents and facts have been established, yet considerable gaps in the historical record, along with denial and disagreements, continue to exist in the public memory of the Yugoslav wars.Guilt, Responsibility, and Denial sets out to trace the political, social, and moral challenges that Serbia faced from 2000 onward, offering an empirically rich and theoretically broad account of what was demanded of the country''s citizensTrade Review"Gordy zeroes in on how Serbs have (or have not) come to terms with the war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by their leaders and prosecuted before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Judging the Serbian public mind is not easy. Gordy, by going beyond merely examining the legal dramas and public opinion polls, discovered that most Serbs see the issues of guilt and responsibility in wavering shades, not stark colors. The Serbian people, he concludes, have come a good distance. But denialism lingers. . . . Gordy delivers his judgment of all the parties with sensitivity and compassion." * Foreign Affairs *"This book is required reading for scholars engaging with social aspects of transitional justice, as well as anyone trying to understand Serbian political culture. . . . Gordy's approach is methodologically innovative." * Political Studies Review *"A much needed and original contribution. Gordy provides a richness and depth that not only contextualizes but also shines a light on the way the international aspect of the issue of justice affects and is affected by cultural and societal factors." * Chip Gagnon, author of The Myth of Ethnic War: Serbia and Croatia in the 1990s *"Hands-down the best book on political memory and responsibility in the Balkans. No one has read the domestic press as closely; Gordy does not essentialize the field of public memory but rather looks for disagreement and diversity." * Julie Mertus, American University *Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1. Guilt and Responsibility: Problems, History, and Law Chapter 2. The Formation of Public Opinion: Serbia in 2001 Chapter 3. Moment I: The Leader Is Not Invincible Chapter 4. Approaches to Guilt Chapter 5. Moment II: The Djindjić Murder, from Outrage to Confusion Chapter 6. Denial, Avoidance, Shifts of Context: From Denial to Responsibility in Eleven Steps Chapter 7. Moment III: The "Scorpions" and the Refinement of Denial Chapter 8. Nonmoments: Milošević, Karadžić, Šešelj, and Mladić Chapter 9. Politics and Culture in Approaching the Past Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisNational human rights institutions—state agencies charged with protecting and promoting human rights domestically—have proliferated dramatically since the 1990s; today more than a hundred countries have NHRIs, with dozens more seeking to join the global trend. These institutions are found in states of all sizes—from the Maldives and Barbados to South Africa, Mexico, and India; they exist in conflict zones and comparatively stable democracies alike. In Chains of Justice, Sonia Cardenas offers a sweeping historical and global account of the emergence of NHRIs, linking their growing prominence to the contradictions and possibilities of the modern state.As human rights norms gained visibility at the end of the twentieth century, states began creating NHRIs based on the idea that if international human rights standards were ever to take root, they had to be firmly implanted within countries—impacting domestic laws and administrative practices and evenTrade Review"Chains of Justice is an excellent account of the emergence and diffusion of national human rights institutions. Broad in its historical and geographical sweep, Cardenas's book plumbs fundamental processes of comparative and international politics to explain the global diffusion of 'horizontal self-regulation' of human rights. Her case studies vividly illustrate the fundamental trade-off many states are willing to make: good-faith self-restraint in exchange for muted external criticism. This is a gem of a book: deep, moving, and utterly persuasive." * Beth Simmons, Clarence Dillon Professor of International Affairs, Harvard University *"Chains of Justice accomplishes multiple astonishing feats. It is a must read for scholars and practitioners alike. It is accessible to newcomers to the study of national human rights institutions and, at the same time, significantly advances the knowledge of experts who have been closely examining these institutions for years. The book is packed with insights into the political conditions for creating and strengthening national institutions and the potential of these organizations to shape interactions between states and civil society. Sonia Cardenas proves, once again, that she is at the forefront of research on the origins and influence of these important institutions of accountability." * Ryan Goodman, Anne and Joel Ehrenkranz Professor of Law, Professor of Politics, and Professor of Sociology, New York University *Table of ContentsChapter 1. The Self-Restraining State? Chapter 2. Historical Linkages Chapter 3. Tracking Global Diffusion Chapter 4. The Logic of Strategic Emulation Chapter 5. Trendsetters and Early Adopters, pre-1990 Chapter 6. Democratization Scripts and Bandwagoning in Africa Chapter 7. Transitional Myths and Everyday Politics in the Americas Chapter 8. Appeasement via Localization in the Asia Pacific Chapter 9. Membership Rites and Statehood in the New Europe Chapter 10. How Accountability Institutions Matter Chapter 11. Adaptive States: Making and Breaking International Law Notes Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisThe United Nations adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) constituted a paradigm shift in attitudes and approaches to disability rights, marking the first time in law-making history that persons with disabilities participated as civil society representatives and contributed to the drafting of an international treaty. On the way, they brought a new kind of diplomacy forward: empowering nongovernmental stakeholders, including persons with disabilities, within human rights discourse. This landmark treaty provides an opportunity to consider what it means to involve members of a global civil society in UN-level negotiations.Human Rights and Disability Advocacy brings together perspectives from individual representatives of the Disabled People''s Organizations (DPOs), nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), indigenous peoples'' organizations, states, and national institutions that played leading roles in the Convention''s drafting process. Trade Review"The authors have embarked on a fascinating, original, and groundbreaking project to tell the story of how the CRPD came to be." * Michael Perlin, New York Law School *

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Book SynopsisFor the last thirty years, documented human rights violations have been met with an unprecedented rise in demands for accountability. This trend challenges the use of amnesties which typically foreclose opportunities for criminal prosecutions that some argue are crucial to transitional justice. Recent developments have seen amnesties circumvented, overturned, and resisted by lawyers, states, and judiciaries committed to ending impunity for human rights violations. Yet, despite this global movement, the use of amnesties since the 1970s has not declined.Amnesties, Accountability, and Human Rights examines why and how amnesties persist in the face of mounting pressure to prosecute the perpetrators of human rights violations. Drawing on more than 700 amnesties instituted between 1970 and 2005, Renée Jeffery maps out significant trends in the use of amnesty and offers a historical account of how both the use and the perception of amnesty has changed. As mechanisms to Trade Review"In this unique contribution to the study of transitional justice, Renée Jeffery explores how and why amnesties remain popular despite the global push for human rights trials. She argues that they adapt to particular political moments and corresponding goals of democratic transition, truth, peace, and self-determination. Combining analysis of cross-national data on amnesties and historical comparative patterns, Jeffrey delivers new insights into the politics and persistence of amnesties." * Leigh Payne, University of Oxford *

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Book SynopsisFollowing the 1998 peace agreement in Northern Ireland, political violence has dramatically declined and the region has been promoted as a model for peacemaking. Human rights discourse has played an ongoing role in the process but not simply as the means to promote peace. The language can also become a weapon as it is appropriated and adapted by different interest groups to pursue social, economic, and political objectives. Indeed, as violence still periodically breaks out and some ethnocommunal and class-based divisions have deepened, it is clear that the progression from human rights violations to human rights protections is neither inevitable nor smooth.Human Rights as War by Other Means traces the use of rights discourse in Northern Ireland''s politics from the local civil rights campaigns of the 1960s to present-day activism for truth recovery and LGBT equality. Combining firsthand ethnographic reportage with historical research, Jennifer Curtis analyzes how rightsTrade Review"Human Rights as War by Other Means: Peace Politics in Northern Ireland offers an important contribution to the literature on Northern Ireland by providing a rich descriptions of rights-based activism in Belfast from the 1960s to present. . . . Curtis's critique of rights activism is timely and offers a fitting reproach of the contemporary narrative about human rights that emerged as part of the peace process." * International Journal on World Peace *"The premise of this book is excellent, original, and significant. Jennifer Curtis makes an important contribution to an understanding of the peace process and in particular of the hidden roles played so often by civil society in forging social change." * Michael O'Flaherty, University of Ireland, Galway *"This is one of the most sustained, persuasive, and comprehensive analyses of the progress of the Northern Ireland peace process since the Good Friday Agreement of 1998." * Hastings Donnan, Queen's University, Belfast *

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Book SynopsisSpecifically designed for educational use in international relations, law, political science, economics, and philosophy classes, Human Rights in the World Community treats the full range of human rights issues, including key paradoxes and contestations surrounding human rights, implementation problems, and processes involving international, national, and nongovernmental action. This new, expanded edition reflects the global, large-scale change that has occurred in the field of human rights, including the rise of terrorism and the triple threats of climate change, nuclear proliferation, and poverty, and each section features, as in previous editions, provocatively probing discussion questions. For the first time, the book''s set of appendices are available online: a bibliography, which encourages further study; an annotated human rights filmography; and the texts of, and citations to, key human rights instruments.Contributors: Seyla Benhabib, Fiona Beveridge, ClauTrade Review"This is a remarkably rich, diverse, timely, and challenging collection that highlights both the imperative of promoting human rights as well as the challenges and obstacles that their advocates must confront. Very highly recommended." * Philip Alston, New York University *"What a marvelously exciting book! Professors Weston and Grear have brought together a stellar lineup of scholars to remind us why we used to think human rights mattered so much-and to show how they can be revived to inspire a radical critique of international law and politics, one that is ever more urgent as we head into an increasingly dark future. Bravo!" * Stephen Humphreys, London School of Economics *"In this welcome fourth edition, Burns Weston and Anna Grear have curated an outstanding collection of essays that offer critical insights both for those who are venturing into the world of human rights for the first time and for those who are its most seasoned advocates." * Barbara A. Frey, University of Minnesota *"Human rights are not easy. The great strength of this iconic volume lies in its explicit recognition of their multiple dimensions-stretching across philosophy, politics, economics, and the law. Building on the wide-ranging contributions of leading authors in the field, the editors invite readers to reflect critically on the problems as well as possibilities of human rights. Yet another generation of students and teachers has reason to be grateful." * David Kinley, The University of Sydney *"The Claude-Weston text . . . must be considered the most thought-provoking, comprehensive, and contemporary of the teaching materials now available." * American Journal of International Law *"Claude and Weston have prepared the definitive textbook on human rights. The book's annotated filmography and thoughtful questions for discussion . . . make it a unique resource for educators." * Eric Stover, University of California at Berkeley *"A challenging and valuable contribution for all readers interested in expanding their knowledge of the current, and even future, issues in human rights." * International and Comparative Law Quarterly *Table of ContentsA Warm Welcome from the Editors An Essential Guide to Use of Our Book About the Authors Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations PART I. ISSIES Chapter 1. International Human Rights: Issues and Overviews 1. Burns H. Weston, Human Rights: Concept and Content —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 2. Anna Grear, "Framing the Project" of International Human Rights Law: Reflections on the Dysfunctional "Family" of the Universal Declaration —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 3. Martha C. Nussbaum, Capabilities, Human Rights, and the Universal Declaration —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 4. Burns H. Weston, Universalism Versus Cultural Relativism: An Appeal for Respectful Decision-Making —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 5. Robert McCorquodale and Richard Fairbrother, Globalization and Human Rights —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 6. Ratna Kapur, Human Rights in the Twenty-First Century: Take a Walk on the Dark Side —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 7. Margaret R. Somers and Christopher N. J. Roberts, Toward a New Sociology of Rights: A Genealogy of "Buried Bodies" of Citizenship and Human Rights —Questions for Reflection and Discussion Chapter 2. Basic Decencies 8. Claudia Card, Genocide —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 9. Jonathan Todres, Law, Otherness, and Human Trafficking —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 10. Jeremy Waldron, Torture and Positive Law —Questions for Reflection and Discussion Chapter 3. Participatory Rights 11. Richard B. Lillich, Civil Rights —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 12. Daniel Moeckli, Equality and Non-Discrimination —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 13. Ineke van der Valk, Racism: A Threat to Global Peace —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 14. Fiona Beveridge and Siobhan Mullally, International Human Rights and Body Politics —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 15. Seyla Benhabib, Borders, Boundaries, and Citizenship —Questions for Reflection and Discussion Chapter 4. Basic Human Needs as Security Rights 16. Scott Leckie, Another Step Toward Indivisibility: Key Features of Violations of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 17. Judy Fudge, The New Discourse of Labor Rights: From Social to Fundamental Rights? —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 18. Paul Hunt, The Right to Health: Key Objectives, Themes, and Interventions —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 19. Hannah Wittman, Food Sovereignty: A New Rights Framework for Food and Nature —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 20. Richard Pierre Claude and Felisa L. Tibbitts, The Right to Education and to Human Rights Education —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 21. Cindy Holder, Culture as an Activity and Human Right —Questions for Reflection and Discussion Chapter 5. Community and Group Rights—"Solidarity Rights" 22. Karen Engle, On Fragile Architecture: The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the Context of Human Rights' —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 23. Bonny Ibhawoh, The Right to Development: The Politics and Polemics of Power and Resistance —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 24. Conor Gearty, Do Human Rights Help or Hinder Environmental Protection? —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 25. Douglas Roche, Peace: A Sacred Right —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 26. Susan Marks, What Has Become of the Emerging Right to Democratic Governance? —Questions for Reflection and Discussion PART II. ACTION Chapter 6. International Human Rights: Action Overviews 27. Burns H. Weston, Human Rights: Prescription and Enforcement —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 28. Harold Hongju Koh, How Is International Human Rights Law Enforced? —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 29. Wade M. Cole, Human Rights as Myth and Ceremony? Reevaluating the Effectiveness of Human Rights Treaties, 1981-2007 —Questions for Reflection and Discussion Chapter 7. Public Sector Approaches to International Human Rights Implementation 30. Stephen P. Marks, The United Nations and Human Rights —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 31. Dinah L. Shelton, Breakthroughs, Burdens, and Backlash: What Future for Regional Human Rights Systems? —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 32. Richard A. Falk, Searching for a Jurisprudence of Conscience: International Criminal Accountability and Humanitarian Intervention —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 33. Anna Grear and Burns H. Weston, Human Rights Accountability in Domestic Courts: Corporations and Extraterritoriality —Questions for Reflection and Discussion Chapter 8. Private Sector Approaches to International Human Rights Implementation 34. Richard Pierre Claude, What Do Human Rights NGOs Do? —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 35. Penelope Simons, International Law's Invisible Hand and the Future of Corporate Accountability for Violations of Human Rights —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 36. Jordan J. Paust, The Human Right to Revolution —Questions for Reflection and Discussion Chapter 9. Global Trajectories, Global Futures 37. Michael Ignatieff, American Exceptionalism and Human Rights —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 38. Anna Grear, Corporations, Human Rights, and the Age of Globalization: Another Look at the "Dark Side" in the Twenty-First Century —Questions for Reflection and Discussion 39. Tony Evans, Citizenship and Human Rights in the Age of Globalization —Questions for Reflection and Discussion Postscript: Human Rights, Humane Governance, and the Future Documentary Appendix A. Select Instruments (see www.uichr.org/Weston-Grear) Documentary Appendix B: Select Citations (see www.uichr.org/Weston-Grear) Select Bibliography (see www.uichr.org/Weston-Grear) Select Filmography (see www.uichr.org/Weston-Grear) Supplemental Readings (see www.uichr.org/Weston-Grear) Index

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Book SynopsisDesigning Peace examines how institutional innovation impacts peace building in divided societies. Drawing on examples from Bosnia, South Africa, and Northern Ireland, the book demonstrates how institutional lessons from elsewhere could be applied to future negotiations in Cyprus and its broader region.Trade Review"Cyprus is a crucial case showing both the promise and the pitfalls of power-sharing. Neophytos Loizides's book is a masterful analysis of all of its complexities and, by comparing it with several other important cases, shows how institutional innovations can contribute significantly to bringing peace to divided and conflict-prone societies." * Arend Lijphart, University of California, San Diego *"In Designing Peace, Neophytos Loizides advances compelling views on how careful institutional design can offer viable alternatives to the break-up of states in divided societies. The book provides an important comparative framework for those interested in understanding the Cyprus problem and a useful theoretical framework for understanding the range of options that divided societies can embrace in their quest for unity, including federalism and other alternatives where they are needed. For scholars and practitioners working in divided societies, the book is certain to become an important reference text." * Rupak Chattopadhyay, Forum of Federations *"In Designing Peace, Neophytos Loizides challenges conventional wisdom that negotiated partition is the only answer for the diplomat's graveyard that is Cyprus. Squarely and refreshingly prescriptive, Loizides argues emphatically that institutions matter and can help to overcome antagonistic and entrenched historical narratives. This book introduces a useful perspective for all those interested in the Cyprus problem and undertakes a comparative and theoretical analysis that will make it a key text for those interested in broad questions of conflict management and peace building." * John McGarry, Queens University, Ontario *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Institutional Innovations in Peace Processes Chapter 1. A Federal Cyprus? Consociational Failures and Prospects Chapter 2. The Region's Federal Movements: Why Did (post-)Ottoman States Fail in Sharing Power Chapter 3. Innovations in Power-Sharing: The Northern Irish d'Hondt Chapter 4. The Way Home: Linkages, Reciprocity, and Lessons from Bosnia Chapter 5. Mandate Peace Referendums: A South African Innovation Chapter 6. "Stalemate Theory": A Humanitarian Breakthrough in Cyprus Chapter 7. Europeanization and Hydrocarbons: Alternative Scenario Planning in the Levant Conclusion: Can Divided Societies Learn from Each Other? Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisThe nation state operates on a logic of exclusion: no state can offer citizenship and legal rights to all comers. From the logic of exclusion a state derives its sovereign power. Yet this exclusivity undermines the project of advancing human rights globally. That project operates on a logic of inclusion: all people, regardless of citizenship status or territorial location, would everywhere be recognized as bearers of human rights. In practice, human rights are afforded, if at all, then only to citizens of those few states that sometimes regard human rights as moral necessities of domestic commitments—or for states that find that stance politically expedient for the moment.This discouraging reality in the first decades of the twenty-first century prompts the question: What political arrangement might better conduce the local embrace and enduring practice of human rights? In The Human Rights State, Benjamin Gregg challenges the conviction that the nation state can oTrade Review"The Human Rights State is an important work of political imagination. This is a compliment to the author and an evaluation of the book's argument. In prose, both light and evocative Benjamin Gregg asks us to rethink human rights as a freestanding moral ideal to which we should aspire." * Contemporary Political Theory *"The book challenges some of the mystifications associated with human rights, characterising them as mundane achievements of political action by ordinary people. It develops a model of human rights as grounded in local contexts and legitimated on this basis, as well as because their conditions of success depend on persuasion rather than coercion. It is engagingly written, presenting an attractive account of how we-as concerned individuals-might begin to move from a world of widespread human rights violations to one in which human rights are widely, if variously, recognised." * Australian Journal of Politics and History *"A pragmatic sensibility underlies Gregg's constructivist proposals for a nonideal politics aimed at addressing ways in which actually existing states violate or erect barriers to human rights . . . .One of the many great strengths of Gregg's account is its positive, politically astute, and cautiously hopeful tone." * The Review of Politics *"The Human Rights State is a compelling contribution to the theory of human rights, ranging from the ontology of such rights to the theoretical articulation of their international and local practice." * Kelvin Knight, London Metropolitan University *"The Human Rights State makes a significant contribution to current debates about both the theory and practice of human rights. It will be of interest to philosophers, political theorists, legal scholars, and activists from across the political spectrum." * Martin Woessner, The City College of New York *Table of ContentsIntroduction. A Project for the Free Embrace of Human Rights Part I. THE HUMAN RIGHTS STATE: POLITICS BY METAPHOR Chapter 1. Human Rights as Metaphor Chapter 2. Human Rights in a Backpack Chapter 3. The Body as Human Rights Boundary PART II. THE HUMAN RIGHTS STATE THROUGH PERSUASION, NOT COERCION Chapter 4. Teaching Human Rights as a Cognitive Style Chapter 5. Developing Human Rights Commitment in Post-Authoritarian Societies Chapter 6. Digital Technology as Resource for the Human Rights Project PART III. DEFENSE OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS STATE IN THE FACE OF CHALLENGES Chapter 7. Human Rights Patriotism Chapter 8. A Human Right Not to Democracy but to the Rule of Law Chapter 9. Human Rights and Humanitarian Intervention Coda: A Community of Nation States Practicing Domestic Cosmopolitanism Notes References Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisIn this groundbreaking ethnography of "fearless governance", Stavroula Pipyrou shows how Grecanici-the Greek linguistic minority of Calabria, Southern Italy-have crafted the means to invert hegemonic culture and participate in the power games of minority politics on local and national scales.Trade Review"Combining magnificent writing with meticulous scholarship, Stavroula Pipyrou discreetly opens multiple windows onto the souls and lives of the Grecanici, a secretive people who live in shadows that obscure even the edges of their own identity as Greek-speakers in an Italian landscape. Her valuable study is free of the nationalistic exaggeration so often associated with the romantic image of rediscovered ethnic outliers and offers rich insights into the dynamics of identity in southern Europe." * Michael Herzfeld, Harvard University *"Deploying superb ethnographic skills and the (closely read) anthropology of Italy and the Mediterranean, Pipyrou shows how the Grecanici construct relationships of kinship, friendship, clientage, and association in an impressive exploration of what she usefully conceptualizes as 'fearless governance.'" * Jane Schneider, The Graduate Center, CUNY *"Stavroula Pipyrou's lucid account of the hard-edged performance by which the Grecanici control and regulate their lives together makes for brilliant ethnography. Her narrative brings the anthropological archive to life." * Douglas Holmes, Binghamton University *"Stavroula Pipyrou mounts a theoretically progressive and empirically documented analysis of the Greek linguistic minority of Calabria, combined with a rare and compelling ethnography of 'Ndrangheta social forms to present an outstanding study of cultural solidarity and political resistance." * Charles Stewart, University College London *

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Book SynopsisIn 1948, two years before Cold War tensions resulted in the invasion of South Korea by North Korea that started the Korean War, the first major political confrontation between leftists and rightists occurred on the South Korean island of Cheju, where communist activists disrupted United Nations-sanctioned elections and military personnel were deployed. What began as a counterinsurgency operation targeting 350 local rebels resulted in the deaths of roughly 30,000 uninvolved civilians, 10 percent of the island''s population.Su-kyoung Hwang''s Korea''s Grievous War recounts the civilian experience of anticommunist violence, beginning with the Cheju Uprising in 1948 and continuing through the Korean War until 1953. Wartime declarations of emergency by both the U.S. and Korean governments were issued to contain communism, but a major consequence of their actions was to contribute to the loss of more than two million civilian lives. Hwang inventories the persecutions of left-Trade Review"Su-kyoung Hwang offers not just an invaluable work of historical recovery but also a work of relentless moral and scholarly bravery. Based on research ranging from challenging oral histories to deep dives in the National Archives and Korean-language sources, Korea's Grievous War provides an unflinching and harrowing analysis of anticommunist political violence that is heartbreaking and inspiring." * Christian Appy, author of American Reckoning: The Vietnam War and Our National Identity *Table of ContentsNote on Transcriptions and Testimonies List of Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1. Terror in Cheju Island Chapter 2. Emergency Laws and the Crisis of Human Rights Chapter 3. Ideological Persecution and the Massacre of 1950 Chapter 4. Observing Political Violence in Korea Chapter 5. Politics of Fear in the Bombing of Korea Chapter 6. The Bereaved Families Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisStephen Porter''s Benevolent Empire examines political-refugee aid initiatives and related humanitarian endeavors led by American people and institutions from World War I through the Cold War, opening an important window onto the short American century. Chronicling both international relief efforts and domestic resettlement programs aimed at dispossessed people from Europe, Latin America, and East Asia, Porter asks how, why, and with what effects American actors took responsibility for millions of victims of war, persecution, and political upheaval during these decades. Diverse forces within the American state and civil society directed these endeavors through public-private governing arrangements, a dynamic yielding both benefits and liabilities. Motivated by a variety of geopolitical, ethical, and cultural reasons, these advocates for humanitarian action typically shared a desire to portray the United States, to the American people and international audiences, as an exceptiTrade Review"[T]here can be an almost indistinguishable line between humanitarian aid that is benevolent and that which is weaponized...Porter sets out this story masterfully. Alternating between bird’s-eye overviews and fascinating individual stories and details, the author shares a vivid history of the complexities of U.S. humanitarian efforts to address displaced people over the decades of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries." * American Historical Review *"Benevolent Empire is an important book that should be widely read due to its ability to translate a multidimensional, transnational phenomenon into an engaging narrative that speaks to a variety of both contemporary and historical issues...[O]ne cannot help but be struck by the importance of this book to current debates about refugees and asylum-seekers within the context of the U.S. role in the world." * Diplomatic History *"Standing at the intersection of several historiographical fields, Benevolent Empire makes important contributions to each of them. By adding to a growing literature on the histories of U.S. humanitarian assistance and . . . human rights, the book will be essential reading for historians of immigration, American political development, and U.S. international relations." * Journal of American History *"Benevolent Empire makes key contributions to a growing body of scholarship on the 'United States in the world' and across the fields of immigrant and refugee studies, humanitarianism and human rights, and US foreign policy through its illumination of a largely understudied dimension of US globalism — namely, the role that international relief and refugee initiatives have come to play in the making of a deterritorialized American empire...Porter’s insights into the developments of decades past present potential pathways for how a truly humane and humanitarian policy in relation to the world’s dispossessed might be forged." * International Migration Review *"Benevolent Empire interweaves a vast and growing literature on humanitarian relief, the international dimensions of American civil rights reform, immigration, and American political development...[A] well-crafted study...If there is any moral in Porter’s account, it would be the imperative need to more fully awaken the humanitarian sensibility among host-nation populations to admit extensive and long-lasting responsibilities for those unfortunate peoples whose homelands have been torn asunder." * H-Diplo *"Benevolent Empire is a wonderful and important book that makes original contributions on multiple fronts. Immigration and refugee historians, of course, will have this book on their shelves but so will scholars of American political development, of human rights and humanitarianism, and of twentieth-century U.S. foreign policy." * Carl Bon Tempo, State University of New York at Albany *

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Book SynopsisInternational lawyers and ethicists have long judged wars from the perspective of the state and its actions, developing international humanitarian law by asking such questions as Are the belligerents justified in entering the conflict? and How should they conduct themselves during the war''s execution? and When civilian noncombatants are harmed, who is responsible for their suffering? Human Rights and War Through Civilian Eyes reimagines the ethics of war from the standpoint of its collateral victims, focusing on the effects of war on individuals—on those who are terrorized, or killed, or whose lives are violently disrupted. Upholding a human rights analysis of war, Thomas W. Smith conveys vividly the depth of human loss and the narrowing of everyday life brought about by armed conflict.Through riveting case studies of the Iraq War and the recent Gaza conflicts, Smith shows how even combatants who profess to follow the laws of war often engage in appalling violencTrade Review"Human Rights and War represents a major advance in the study of civilian devastation in modern warfare. Thomas W. Smith builds a compelling case for adopting a human rights perspective for understanding and advancing the humanitarian needs of civilian noncombatants, a case that centers on the viewing of warfare from the civilian's perspective." * Daniel Rothbart, George Mason University *

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Book SynopsisThe 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been called one of the most powerful documents in human history. Today, the mere accusation of violations of the rights outlined in this document cows political leaders and riles the international community. Yet as a nonbinding document with no mechanism for enforcement, it holds almost no legal authority. Indeed, since its adoption, the Declaration''s authority has been portrayed not as legal or political but as moral. Rather than providing a set of rules to follow or laws to obey, it represents a set of standards against which the world''s societies are measured. It has achieved a level of rhetorical power and influence unlike anything else in modern world politics, becoming the foundational myth of the human rights project.Seeing the Myth in Human Rights presents an interdisciplinary investigation into the role of mythmaking in the creation and propagation of the Universal Declaration. Pushing beyond conventional undTrade Review"Seeing the Myth of Human Rights offers good philosophical and historical understanding of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; each chapter is both its own piece of scholarship and builds seamlessly upon others. Reinbold's work is thoughtful and sophisticated, and provides an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the myth of human rights." * Human Rights Review *"Jenna Reinbold explores the role of mythology in the assertion of human rights discourse and offers an original, profound, and provocative contribution to debates on foundationalism in human rights, on the politics of human rights, and on the relationship between the sacred and the secular in international politics." * Bronwyn Leebaw, University of California, Riverside *"Seeing the Myth in Human Rights is an important work that is sharp but open-minded. Jenna Reinbold links the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the notion of myth, not to debunk the human rights project but to illuminate the best-known legal, moral, and political document of the twentieth century." * Alexandre Lefebvre, University of Sydney *

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Book SynopsisThe term genocide—group killing—which first appeared in Raphael Lemkin''s 1944 book, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, had by 1948 established itself in international law through the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Since then the charge of genocide has been both widely applied but also contested. In Genocide: The Act as Idea, Berel Lang examines and illuminates the concept of genocide, at once articulating difficulties in its definition and proposing solutions to them. In his analysis, Lang explores the relation of genocide to group identity, individual and corporate moral responsibility, the concept of individual and group intentions, and the concept of evil more generally.The idea of genocide, Lang argues, represents a notable advance in the history of political and ethical thought which proposed alternatives to it, like crimes against humanity, fail to take into account.Trade Review"Even after all that has already been said, both by himself and others, Berel Lang offers an original analysis of the historical phenomenon (genocide) and of the concept ('genocide'). Lang disarms his opponents with an effortlessness that is at once engaging and endearing, the work of a philosopher, historian, and rhetorician very much in his prime. This is a work of conceptual history of the highest order." * Reviews in Religion and Theology *"What distinguishes Berel Lang's work is its rare combination of philosophical sophistication and nuance coupled with what can only be called moral sensitivity." * Michael L. Morgan, University of Toronto *Table of ContentsPreface The United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide PART I: BETWEEN GENOCIDE AND "GENOCIDE"' 1. The Evil in Genocide 2. Genocide and Comparative Evil: Counting Victims, Numbers, Degrees 3. Disputing ''Genocide'': Issues of Uniqueness and Group-Identity 4. The Pushback and Its Search for a Replacement PART II: GENOCIDE AS PAST AND PRESENCE 5. "Genocide'' and ''Holocaust'': Language as History 6. Raphael Lemkin, Unsung Hero: Reparation 7. From Genocide to Group-Rights 8. Arendt on the Evil in Genocide: Banality's Depths 9. Genocide-Denial AfterWords Bibliographical Notes Index

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Book SynopsisRealizing Roma Rights investigates the ongoing stigma and anti-Roma racism and documents a growing, vibrant Roma led political movement engaged in building a more inclusive and just Europe.Trade Review"Realizing Roma Rights is a most welcome contribution to the meager world of human rights-based studies of the Roma population . . . The book is well edited and presents a comprehensive picture and analysis of current issues surrounding the Roma, in particular in Eastern and Central Europe. The editors have a deep understanding not only of the human rights dimensions of the condition of the Roma situation, but also of the political, cultural, and historical questions that are important to include in order to fully comprehend the magnitude of the challenges faced and to provide a contribution for purposes of future scenarios for the Roma." * Human Rights Quarterly *"Realizing Roma Rights is an absorbing study . . . [and] a thoughtful and stimulating read. What we learn is that centuries of state-sponsored vilification, criminalisation and marginalisation of the Roma has normalised racism . . . Deep-seated prejudice of this kind does not instantly evaporate when an international body, a government or a court decides that it is no longer acceptable. Change comes slowly . . . This edited book is an important contribution to this understanding." * The International Journal of Human Rights *"Roma history includes accounts of terrible discrimination but must also pay attention to the development of an admirably courageous global community-beautifully combining resistance to imposed disadvantage with instinctive tolerance of different ways of life of others. This splendid collection of essays brings out the richness of the Roma story-what the world owes to this massively disadvantaged group, and, no less important, what the world has to learn from the global culture of this locally defiant community spread across the world." * Amartya Sen, Harvard University *"By juxtaposing European and American Roma experiences, Realizing Roma Rights demonstrates that Roma cannot fight racism and discrimination without strategic allies in both their countries of origin and their adopted homelands and makes clear the need to develop Roma networks that can advocate for human and legal rights in their communities. Anyone working toward achieving rights for Roma, especially those working in European and international commissions, as well as non-governmental organizations, would benefit from reading this book." * Romani Rose, Chairman of the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma *Table of ContentsRealizing Roma Rights: An Introduction PART I. THE LONG SHADOW OF ANTI- ROMA DISCRIMINATION Chapter 1. Roma Children and Enduring Educational Exclusion in Italy —Elena Rozzi Chapter 2. Toward the Recognition of Critical Race Th eory in Human Rights Law: Roma Women's Reproductive Rights —Alexandra Oprea PART II. THE LONGUE DURÉE: THE HISTORY OF ROMA POLICY AS AN ELEMENT IN U.S. FOREIGN POLICY Chapter 3. Policy and Practice: A Case Study of U.S. Foreign Policy Regarding the Situation of Roma in Europe —Erika Schlager Chapter 4. The U.S. Department of State and International Efforts to Promote the Human Rights of Roma —David Meyer and Michael Uyehara PART III. TAKING STOCK OF EUROPEAN PUBLIC POLICY: THE IMPACT OF ROMA INCLUSION STRATEGIES Chapter 5. A Critical Analysis of Roma Policy and Praxis: The Romanian Case —Margareta Matache and Krista Oehlke Chapter 6. Roma Policy in Europe: Results and Challenges —Andrzej Mirga Chapter 7. Reconstructing Roma Integration in Central and Eastern Europe: Addressing the Failures of the Last Quarter Century —Kálmán Mizsei PART IV. THE ENDURING CHALLENGE OF TACKLING ANTI- ROMA INSTITUTIONAL DISCRIMINATION AND POPULAR RACISM IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Chapter 8. Anti- Roma Violence, Hate Speech, and Discrimination in the New Europe: Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary —Will Guy Chapter 9. The Unfulfi lled Promise of Educational Opportunity in the United States and Europe: From Brown v. Board to D.H. and Beyond —James A. Goldston PART V. LOOKING FORWARD: THE IMPERATIVE OF ROMA COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION AND LEADERSHIP Chapter 10. Making Roma Rights a Reality at the Local Level: A Spanish Case Study —Teresa Sordé Martí and Fernando Macías Chapter 11. Roma Mobilization and Participation: Obstacles and Opportunities —Peter Vermeersch Chapter 12. Roma in European Politics, Looking to the Future —David Mark Notes List of Contributors Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisOver the past seven decades, human rights education has blossomed into a global movement. A field of scholarship that utilizes teaching and learning processes, human rights education addresses basic rights and broadens the respect for the dignity and freedom of all peoples. Since the founding of the United Nations and the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, human rights education has worked toward ensuring that schools and non-formal educational spaces become sites of promise and equity.Bringing together the voices of leaders and researchers deeply engaged in understanding the politics and possibilities of human rights education as a field of inquiry, Monisha Bajaj''s Human Rights Education shapes our understanding of the practices and processes of the discipline and demonstrates the ways in which it has evolved into a meaningful constellation of scholarship, policy, curricular reform, and pedagogy. Contributions by pioneers in the field, as wTrade Review"The collection's very existence (all 300-plus pages) signifies the remarkable growth, presence, and diversity of human rights education (HRE) . . . For anyone seeking inspiration and engagement, desiring systemic change and social justice, and hoping to learn more about the construction of work about HRE, through HRE, and for HRE, Human Rights Education is essential reading." * Human Rights Review *"Human Rights Education is a compelling and authoritative survey of the theoretical underpinnings, history, current state, and future of human rights education. This volume provides the field with an exhaustive text that addresses the concepts, complexities, and real world applications of human rights education…By providing a theoretical and experiential foundation for HRE, Human Rights Education proves not only that we can build and sustain rights-affirming knowledge bases and learning communities, we must." * International Journal of Human Rights Education *"Human Rights Education provides a glimpse into the emerging, complex, multifaceted, and, at times, overgeneralized field of human rights education. The book offers rich theoretical frameworks, global research, and lessons from transformative educational praxis to help readers define and understand human rights education as a distinct field…[This book is recommended] for anyone who works within education including teachers, administrators, social workers, school counselors, school board members, and policymakers [and] any citizen, activist, volunteer, parent, student, or government official interested in working for peace, justice, and a worldwide human rights culture." * Humanity & Society *"“[Bajaj’s] book provides essential material and resources for scholars, practitioners, activists, and policymakers who wish to engage with this dynamic field, especially in response to the rising tides of neo-fascism, economic exploitation, and the many forms of violence and discrimination in a changing and turbulent world… Human Rights Education provides an opportunity for researchers, practitioners, and administrators to reflect on their own practice and helps readers to reimagine a common future for cherishing diversity, praising human dignity and promoting human rights. This is essential if an adequate HRE is to be achieved." * Human Rights Education Review *"By assembling a collection of essays by leaders in the field of human rights education and drawing from a wide and distinguished set of disciplinary homes, Monisha Bajaj has done a great service to scholars, teachers, and students interested in pursuing this fast-emerging and critically important topic." * Jacqueline Bhabha, Harvard University *"Human Rights Education lives up to its promise. Monisha Bajaj has put together an impressive set of studies reviewing the whole rapidly expanding arena, from theory and research to fascinating accounts of practice." * John W. Meyer, Stanford University *

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Book SynopsisDisability, Human Rights, and Information Technology addresses the global issue of equal access to information and communications technology (ICT) by persons with disabilities. The right to access the same digital content at the same time and at the same cost as people without disabilities is implicit in several human rights instruments and is featured prominently in Articles 9 and 21 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The right to access ICT, moreover, invokes complementary civil and human rights issues: freedom of expression; freedom to information; political participation; civic engagement; inclusive education; the right to access the highest level of scientific and technological information; and participation in social and cultural opportunities.Despite the ready availability and minimal cost of technology to enable people with disabilities to access ICT on an equal footing as consumers without disabilities, prevailing practice around the Trade Review"This is an exciting and much-needed project. The right to accessibility has received relatively little academic attention and this book performs a field-defining role." * Anna Lawson, University of Leeds *"As information technology continues to transform human endeavor, it poses new challenges to law and regulation in many sectors. Disability is such a sector. There is no other book that provides so many insights into the rapidly evolving international scene." * Clayton H. Lewis, University of Colorado, Boulder *

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Book SynopsisAnthropologists and ethnographers examine the global garment industry''s impact on workers'' well-beingThe 2013 collapse of Rana Plaza, an eight-story garment factory in Savar, Bangladesh, killed over a thousand workers and injured hundreds more. This disaster exposed the brutal labor conditions of the global garment industry and revealed its failures as a competitive and self-regulating industry. Over the past thirty years, corporations have widely adopted labor codes on health and safety, yet too often in their working lives, garment workers across the globe encounter death, work-related injuries, and unhealthy factory environments. Disasters such as Rana Plaza notwithstanding, garment workers routinely work under conditions that not only escape public notice but also undermine workers'' long-term physical health, mental well-being, and the very sustainability of their employment.Unmaking the Global Sweatshop gathers the work of leading anthropologists anTrade Review"[A] welcome contribution to debates on how to achieve decent working and living conditions in the current system of transnational production. The editors are to be congratulated on bringing together leading anthropologists and scholars from across the social sciences who are renowned for their research on workers’ roles in the global garment industry...[T]his book will interest academics, activists and other practitioners in the garment industry who seek fresh ideas in thinking about the way forward." * South Asia: Journal of Asian Studies *"Unmaking the Global Sweatshop offers important insights on the issue of health and safety in the garments industry. The book successfully shows the need for a broader understanding of the issue of health and safety beyond the crucial but insufficient focus on building safety and design. The book shows the need to go beyond focusing only on the physical aspects of health and safety in the workplace into a broader understanding of mental and physical health and well-being in the workplace and beyond...In addition to researchers and students working on labour issues, the book can be useful for trade unionists, NGOs and labour activists dealing with the issue of labour in GVCs." * Competition & Change *"A first-rate and necessary book. In compiling the analyses of northern and southern scholars across the social sciences, Unmaking the Global Sweatshop provides original insights into the global supply chain and innovative approaches to general questions of power relationships and workers' health and safety writ large." * Lance A. Compa, Cornell University *"Using the unifying theme of health and safety, the editors open a wide-ranging study of power relations in the supply-chain system and on factory floors. Each chapter brings a unique perspective to these issues and provokes new ways of thinking about them." * Susan L. Kang, City University of New York *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Manfred Nowak's experience as UN Special Rapporteur on Torture; his long and distinguished career in the human rights field; his keen intelligence, compassion, insight, and humanity; and his talent for telling a good story combine to make this an invaluable and indispensable document for anyone interested in human rights, prisoners' rights, or torture. From the first sentence to the last, Torture is filled with information and analysis you will not find elsewhere. If you want to understand what causes torture and how to end it, this is the book to read." * Jamie Mayerfeld, University of Washington *"Torture is a unique book. I do not know of any other UN country or thematic rapporteur that has written about his or her experiences, and his book is most relevant reading for anyone interested in the work of UN human rights organs, particularly the present United Nations Human Rights Council." * Cees Flinterman, former director of the Netherlands Institute for Human Rights *Table of ContentsPART I. THE PHENOMENON OF TORTURE IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Chapter 1. The Incomprehensibility of Torture Chapter 2. The Role of a United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture Chapter 3. Independent Investigation of Torture: Methods Chapter 4. States' Methods to Impede Objective Investigations Chapter 5. Are Fact-Finding Missions Dangerous? Chapter 6. Understanding Torture and Ill Treatment Chapter 7. Inhuman Detention Conditions: Worse than Torture? Chapter 8. Is Corporal Punishment Torture? Chapter 9. Is Capital Punishment Torture? Chapter 10. Are Domestic Violence or Female Genital Mutilation Torture? Chapter 11. Torture in the Twenty-First Century Chapter 12. Why Torture? Chapter 13. Is There Ever a Justification for Torture? Chapter 14. George Bush's War on Terror Chapter 15. Torture and Enforced Disappearance PART II. TORTURE IN INDIVIDUAL STATES Chapter 16. Georgia: Plea Bargaining as a Substitute for Torture? Chapter 17. Mongolia: Death Penalty as a State Secret Chapter 18. Nepal: "A Little Bit of Torture Helps" Chapter 19. China: Rehabilitation, Reeducation, or Brainwashing? Chapter 20. Jordan: General Intelligence as a Cradle of Torture Chapter 21. Austria: The Case of Bakary Jassey Chapter 22. Paraguay: Excellent Follow-Up Chapter 23. Nigeria: Notorious Torture Chamber in Lagos Chapter 24. Togo: Successfully Releasing Detainees Chapter 25. Sri Lanka: Perfect PR Strategy Chapter 26. Indonesia: Three "Smoking Guns" Chapter 27. Denmark and Greenland: The Principle of Normalization Chapter 28. Moldova: Torture in the Form of Trafficking in Women Chapter 29. Equatorial Guinea: Systematic Torture as Government Policy Chapter 30. Uruguay: Full Cooperation Despite Appalling Detention Conditions Chapter 31. Kazakhstan: Potemkin Villages Chapter 32. Jamaica: Structural Violence Instead of Torture Chapter 33. Papua New Guinea: Traditional Structures Coexist with Globalization Chapter 34. Greece: The Joint Asylum and Migration Policy of the European Union, Put to the Test Conclusions Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisIn Strategies of Compliance with the European Court of Human Rights, Andreas von Staden looks at the nature of human rights challenges in two enduring liberal democracies—Germany and the United Kingdom. Employing an ambitious data set that covers the compliance status of all European Court of Human Rights judgments rendered until 2015, von Staden presents a cross-national overview of compliance that illustrates a strong correlation between the quality of a country''s democracy and the rate at which judgments have met compliance. Tracing the impact of violations in Germany and the United Kingdom specifically, he details how governments, legislators, and domestic judges responded to the court''s demands for either financial compensation or changes to laws, policies, and practices.Framing his analysis in the context of the long-standing international relations debate between rationalists who argue that actions are dictated by an actor''s preferences and cost-benefit Trade Review"Using deep case studies of the compliance by Germany and the United Kingdom with judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, Andreas von Staden merges theories of rationalism and constructivism in innovative and sensible ways." * Laurence R. Helfer, Duke University *"Andreas von Staden empirically and theoretically identifies important trends in the way international and national institutions interact to mediate outcomes that affect important aspects of individual lives. His book is a welcome contribution to the literature on European judicial politics because it takes seriously the impact of European institutional judgements on domestic law and practices." * Lisa Conant, University of Denver *Table of ContentsIntroduction. The Convention, the Court, and Second-Order Compliance Chapter 1. Compliance Theory: Rational Choice Within Normative Constraints PART I. THE UNITED KINGDOM Chapter 2. The Uneasy Place of the ECHR and ECtHR in UK Law and Politics Chapter 3. Compliance with Just Satisfaction Awards and Individual Measures Chapter 4. Compliance with General Measures I: Sociopolitical Issues Chapter 5. Compliance with General Measures II: Security, Crime, and Justice Chapter 6. Judgments Pending Before the Committee of Ministers Chapter 7. Minimalism as the Strategy of Choice for the Reluctant Complier PART II. GERMANY Chapter 8. The Convention and Court Within Constitutionalized Rights Protection Chapter 9. Compliance with Just Satisfaction Awards and Individual Measures Chapter 10. Compliance with General Measures Chapter 11. Exploiting Choice Within a Domestic Human Rights Culture Conclusion. Human Rights Compliance as Normatively Constrained Rational Choice Appendix. Further Judgments Against the United Kingdom Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisThe right to privacy is a pivotal concept in the culture wars that have galvanized American politics for the past several decades. It has become a rallying point for political issues ranging from abortion to gay liberation to sex education. Yet this notion of privacy originated not only from legal arguments, nor solely from political movements on the left or the right, but instead from ambivalent moderates who valued both personal freedom and the preservation of social norms.In The Closet and the Cul-de-Sac, Clayton Howard chronicles the rise of sexual privacy as a fulcrum of American cultural politics. Beginning in the 1940s, public officials pursued an agenda that both promoted heterosexuality and made sexual privacy one of the state''s key promises to its citizens. The 1944 G.I. Bill, for example, excluded gay veterans and enfranchised married ones in its dispersal of housing benefits. At the same time, officials required secluded bedrooms in new suburban homes and cTrade Review"In this elegantly argued, deeply researched book, Clayton Howard charts the history of the politics of the so-called right to privacy in American society since World War Two...[A] superb book, a major piece of scholarship that will change how we think about the history of modern sexuality and political economy in the United States since 1945. At a time when concepts of personal 'privacy' are once again politically fraught, this book helps us understand why popular opinion on the matter has long been considerably more complicated than the polarized binaries of much contemporary political and legal discourse. " * Journal of the History of Sexuality *"[A]n ambitious, well-researched, and important study. Howard weaves together an impressive range of sources that map connections between postwar federal housing policies, debates about urban reform, ordinary suburbanites’ sex lives, and early homophile activism...At a moment when calls for political consensus and moderation are widespread, Howard’s analysis of 'moderation’s small-‘c’ conservative tendencies' and its potential to hamper struggles for social justice is sorely needed." * History: Review of New Books *"[A]n original and ambitious study of postwar sexual politics in San Francisco and its suburbs..Bridging diverse subjects is Howard's attention to the question of sexual privacy, or, more specifically, the burgeoning assumption that nonnormative sexual practices and identities could be countenanced if they were relegated to the private sphere. . . . Howard's insights into the politics of sexual privacy and moderation are powerful and worthy of attention." * Journal of American History *"[A] wide-reaching, deeply researched work that is truly interdisciplinary in both its themes and archive...[I]t explores the interconnections among the history of sexuality, political history, urban history, the history of domesticity, architectural and design history, and legal history, putting all of these areas into productive conversation, not to mention into intellectual and social history writ large. It should serve as a model for other historians who wish to think about history outside of extreme, or at least firmly avowed ideological positions, and explore the analytical possibilities of ambivalence." * American Historical Review *"The Closet and the Cul-de-Sac is a fascinating book that brings together in revelatory ways the political economy of metropolitan development and the history of sexuality, offering new interpretations of postwar political culture. Through a rigorous investigation of housing and neighborhood development, it makes logical what first appears to be a paradox: the triumph of a 'tolerate but not endorse' politics around non-normative sexuality in the second half of the twentieth century. Clayton Howard makes a convincing case for a 'metropolitan' approach to political economy and social life and weighs the implications for sexual politics more thoroughly and creatively than I have seen anywhere else." * Sarah Igo, author of The Known Citizen: A History of Privacy in Modern America *"Clayton Howard has written an important, provocative, and path-breaking book centered on a wide-ranging, eye-opening, and nuanced discussion of the right to privacy and its role in conversations about public and domestic spaces, sexual rights and freedoms, and the proper place of queer and straight people in the body politic. No one has identified the varied threads of privacy embedded throughout the social fabrics of modern cities and suburbs like this before." * Bryant Simon, Temple University *

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Book SynopsisFreedom of religion or belief is deeply entrenched in international human rights conventions and constitutional traditions around the world. Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights enshrines the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion as does the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which the United Nations General Assembly adopted in 1966. A rich jurisprudence on freedom of religion or belief is based on the European Convention on Human Rights, drafted in 1950 by the Council of Europe. Similar regional guarantees exist in the framework of the Organization of American States as well as within the African Union. Freedom of religion or belief has found recognition in numerous national constitutions, and some governments have shown a particularly strong commitment to the international promotion of this right.As Heiner Bielefeldt and Michael Wiener observe, however, freedom of religion or belief remains a source of political conflict,Trade Review"With such a readable style, the careful synthesis of disciplines, and selfevident wealth of years of careful thought and experience on some of the most intransigent issues facing religious freedom, the authors manage to speak powerfully and authoritatively on the issues they raise. They do indeed provide conceptual clarity, skilfully synthesizing the disciplines within which they work. This book is a masterpiece and a must-read for academics and practitioners alike interested in the philosophical, political, legal, and constitutional implications at both national and international levels, of the right to religious freedom in the 21st century." * Oxford Journal of Law and Religion *"Offering a measured, deliberative, and erudite engagement with a range of critiques leveled against human rights discourses in general, and with regard to religious freedom in particular, Religious Freedom Under Scrutiny represents an informed perspective on a contentious set of debates. Scholars and practitioners alike will find the volume important reading." * Christopher Dole, Amherst College *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Few understand as Schroedel does that political repression continues in Indian Country...As states develop new voting district lines based on the 2020 Census, Schroedel’s volume and research work is more critical than ever. Her concise but in-depth book provides a thorough primer on Native American voting, which deserves to stand alongside key works on Native politics and voting rights." * Native American and Indigenous Studies *"As a North Dakota State Representative, I have dealt with voting rights issues involving barriers towards our Tribal Nations and its members, and I can personally relate to Voting in Indian Country. Although this book covers and explains scientific data, it also brings in the importance of grassroots Native organizations pursuing equality at the ballot box. I highly recommend reading the book. It will open your eyes to our efforts here and now on the obstacles we face and what we are doing to correct the wrongs." * Representative Ruth Buffalo, North Dakota House of Representatives *"Voting in Indian Country is a meticulously researched and powerfully written study that is essential reading for anyone wanting to understand the unique challenges of voting in Indian Country, as well as voting rights more generally. What sets it apart from other fine accounts about voting rights work and voting rights advocates is its grassroots perspective, provided by the oral histories of activists, lawyers, and plaintiffs, as well as the case study of voting rights in a South Dakota county. Anyone who reads this work will realize that it was written from Jean's heart." * Donald Ragona (Matinecock), Native American Rights Fund *Table of ContentsPreface Part I. The Question of Citizenship Chapter 1. The Framing of American Indian Citizenship Chapter 2. Ambiguous Civic Status Part II. The Promise of the Ballot Box Chapter 3. The Voting Rights Act Reaches Indian Country Chapter 4. The Shift to Vote Dilution, Suppression, and Abridgment Chapter 5. A Case Study of Jackson County, South Dakota Part III. Grassroots Perspectives Chapter 6. Lawyers and Native Voting Rights Chapter 7. Lifetimes of Activism Chapter 8. Grassroots Voting Rights Activism Chapter 9. Stepping Forward Chapter 10. Why It Matters Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisTransitional justice, commonly defined as the process of confronting the legacies of past human rights abuses and atrocities, often does not produce the kinds of results that are imagined. In multiethnic, divided societies like Uganda, people who have not been directly affected by harm, atrocity, and abuse go about their daily lives without ever confronting what happened in the past. When victims and survivors raise their voices to ask for help, or when plans are announced to address that harm, it is this unaffected population that see such plans as pointless. They complain about what they perceive as the needless time and money that will be spent to fix something that they see as unimportant and, ultimately, block any restorative processes.Joanna R. Quinn spent twenty years working in Uganda and uses its particular case as a lens through which she examines the failure of deeply divided societies to acknowledge the past. She proposes that the needed remedy is the development oTrade Review[T]he book invites us to rethink the entire transitional justice project from the 1990s onwards...[and delivers a] powerful message: the fact that ordinary bystanders can open their minds to acknowledge the suffering of others is at the foundation of a peaceful society. Better yet, building bridges can take place anytime, anywhere; all it takes is willpower and something—an idea, object, event, conversation—that connects people. Thin Sympathy will prompt novel ways of thinking about and acting for truth, justice, peace and reconciliation. * Contemporary Political Theory *

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Book SynopsisFrom unsafe working conditions in garment manufacturing to the failure to consult indigenous communities with regard to extractive industries that affect them, human rights violations remain a pervasive aspect of the global economy. Advocates have long called upon states, as the primary duty bearers and enforcers of human rights, to hold corporations directly accountable for violations committed throughout the supply chain. More recently, many business and human rights advocates have considered the development and enforcement of private regulatory initiatives (PRIs) to certify that actors along the supply chain conform to certain codes of conduct. Many advocates see these PRIs as holding the potential to create better outcomes—whether for workers, affected communities, or the environment—within a global economy structured by supply chain capitalism.This volume brings together academics and practitioners from a number of regions throughout the world to engage in theTrade ReviewThis volume exposes power imbalances that underpin and undermine the efficacy of various private initiatives aimed at regulating human rights abuses in global supply chains. The editors and many authors rightly stress the need to dismantle the current system, which tends to legitimize these asymmetries experienced by workers and affected communities. * Surya Deva, City University of Hong Kong *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Key Acronyms Part I. Framing the Discussion: Private Regulatory Initiatives, Human Rights, and Supply Chain Capitalism Chapter 1. Private Regulatory Initiatives, Human Rights, and Supply Chain Capitalism Daniel Brinks, Julia Dehm, Karen Engle, and Kate Taylor Chapter 2. Closing Gaps in the Chain: Regulating Respect for Human Rights in Global Supply Chains and the Role of Multi-stakeholder Initiatives Justine Nolan Part II. Multi-stakeholder Initiatives and the Maldistribution of Power Chapter 3. The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme and the Continuation of "Conflict Diamonds" Farai Maguwu Chapter 4. Reforming Commodity Certification Systems to Respect Indigenous Peoples' Rights: Prospects for the Forestry Stewardship Council and Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil Marcus Colchester Chapter 5. What Difference Can Certification Regimes Make? The Mapuche People's Claims for Autonomy and the Forestry Industry in Southern Chile Charles R. Hale and José Aylwin Chapter 6. Sustainability Certification and Controversies Surrounding Palm Oil Expansion in Guatemala Geisselle Vanessa Sánchez Monge Part III. Worker-Driven Social Responsibility Programs: Attempts to Redistribute Power Chapter 7. Assessing Feasibility for Worker-Driven Social Responsibility Programs Sean Sellers Chapter 8. From Public Relations to Enforceable Agreements: The Bangladesh Accord as a Model for Supply Chain Accountability Jessica Champagne Chapter 9. Transformation Through Transparency: Human Rights and Corporate Responsibilities in the Global Food System Erika George Part IV. Critical Reflections Chapter 10. Reflections on Labor Standards in Global Supply Chains: Innovation and Scalability James J. Brudney Chapter 11. Situating Human Rights Approaches to Corporate Accountability in the Political Economy of Supply Chain Capitalism Dan Danielsen Chapter 12. Taking Consumers Seriously: Public Regulatory Tools of Accountability Lauren Fielder Chapter 13. Private Regulatory Initiatives and Beyond: Lessons and Reflections Daniel Brinks, Julia Dehm, Karen Engle, and Kate Taylor Notes List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisThis book announces the new, interdisciplinary field of critical disaster studies. Unlike most existing approaches to disaster, critical disaster studies begins with the idea that disasters are not objective facts, but rather are interpretive fictions—and they shape the way people see the world. By questioning the concept of disaster itself, critical disaster studies reveals the stakes of defining people or places as vulnerable, resilient, or at risk.As social constructs, disaster, vulnerability, resilience, and risk shape and are shaped by contests over power. Managers and technocrats often herald the goals of disaster response and recovery as objective, quantifiable, or self-evident. In reality, the goals are subjective, and usually contested. Critical disaster studies attends to the ways powerful people often use claims of technocratic expertise to maintain power.Moreover, rather than existing as isolated events, disasters take place over time. People commonly iTrade Review"When speaking of disaster henceforth, we cannot escape the ensuing political questions this volume interrogates." * Los Angeles Review of Books *"In a world marked by calamity, this timely volume widens the lens of our understanding by emphasizing the importance of deeply contextualized approaches to the study of disaster. The end result is a vibrant reimagination of the field and a captivating introduction to critical disaster studies." * Lori Peek, University of Colorado Boulder *"This is a vital, iconoclastic volume that turns much conventional thinking about disaster studies on its head. The contributions are lively, geographically varied, and conceptually suggestive. An exciting and invaluable book." * Rob Nixon, Princeton University *"An urgent, timely, and vitally important volume that deserves a wide readership. As the crisis precipitated by the Covid-19 pandemic has made all too clear, this volume’s unifying themes—vulnerability, risk, resilience, and disaster—are concepts that every one of us ought to understand, grapple with, and critique." * Julia Irwin, University of South Florida *Table of ContentsIntroduction. Introducing Critical Disaster Studies Andy Horowitz and Jacob A. C. Remes Part I. Knowing Disaster Chapter 1. The Voyage of the Paragon: Disaster as Method Scott Gabriel Knowles and Zachary Loeb Chapter 2. Acts of God, Man, and System: Knowledge, Technology, and the Construction of Disaster Ryan Hagen Chapter 3. When Does a Crisis Begin? Race, Gender, and the Subprime Noncrisis of the Late 1990s Dara Z. Strolovitch Part II. Governing Disaster Chapter 4. Concrete Kleptocracy and Haiti's Culture of Building: Toward a New Temporality of Disaster Claire Antone Payton Chapter 5. Risk Technopolitics in Freetown Slums: Why Community-Based Disaster Management Is No Silver Bullet Aaron Clark-Ginsberg Chapter 6. Spaces at Risk: Urban Politics and Slum Relocation in Chennai, India Pranathi Diwakar Chapter 7. Plan B: The Collapse of Public-Private Risk Sharing in the US National Flood Insurance Program Rebecca Elliott Part III. Imagining Disaster Chapter 8. Mediating Disaster, or A History of the Novel Susan Scott Parrish Chapter 9. The Tōkai Earthquake and Changing Lexicons of Risk Kerry Smith Chapter 10. Translating Disaster Knowledge from Japan to Chile: A Proposal for Incompleteness Chika Watanabe Afterword. "Acts of Men": Disasters Neglected, Preventable, and Moral Kenneth Hewitt Notes Bibliography Index List of Contributors Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisIn this sweeping international perspective on reparations, Time for Reparations makes the case that past state injustice—be it slavery or colonization, forced sterilization or widespread atrocities—has enduring consequences that generate ongoing harm, which needs to be addressed as a matter of justice and equity.Time for Reparations provides a wealth of detailed and diverse examples of state injustice, from enslavement of African Americans in the United States and Roma in Romania to colonial exploitation and brutality in Guatemala, Algeria, Indonesia, Jamaica, and Guadeloupe. From many vantage points, contributing authors discuss different reparative strategies and the impact they would have on the lives of survivor or descent communities.One of the strengths of this book is its interdisciplinary perspective—contributors are historians, anthropologists, human rights lawyers, sociologists, and political scientists. Many of the authors are bTrade Review"The past lives in the present of all of us who are the survivors and descendants of extreme forms of inhumanity, and how we deal with it varies in profound ways, from those who would rather forget to those who demand both moral and material remediation as well as full acknowledgement and restorative apology for past injustices. This volume thoroughly and expertly explores all aspects of this tragic problem, from the slow and swift genocides of slavery and Nazi extermination to the sustained, multifaceted crimes of colonialism, as well as the legal, political and other lessons learned in the struggle for remedial justice. The richly informed and powerfully argued chapters fully persuade the reader of the urgency of a movement that has lately gained renewed vigor as well as moral, legal and intellectual clarity and direction. Above all, the work makes clear that the reparation movement’s goals are not only those of acknowledging and rectifying past wrongs and of preventing future ones but, as the police killings of black Americans make clear, of alleviating the inherited evils of the past still active in our times." * Orlando Patterson, author of Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study *"Injustices carry consequences, and unaddressed injustices impose consequences that grow and compound, burdening individuals and societies for generations. Time for Reparations brings history, rigor, and imagination to prospects for reparative approaches to searing human rights wounds. This is the time, and here are viral roadmaps for constructive repair." * Martha Minow, author of When Should Law Forgive? *Table of ContentsForeword Albie Sachs Introduction Jacqueline Bhabha Part I. Addressing the Legacy of Slavery 1. Reparations for Slavery: A Productive Strategy? Makau Mutua 2. Slavery, Universities, and Reparations Adam Rothman 3. "Free Citizens of This Nation": Cherokee Slavery, Descendants of Freedpeople, and Possibilities for Repair Tiya Miles 4. The Jamaican Case for Reparations Against the British Government for Slavery and Colonization Bert S. Samuels 5. The University and Slavery: Reflections upon the History and Future of the University of the West Indies Sir Hilary Beckles 6. French Justice and the Claims for Reparations by Slave Descendants in Guadeloupe Mireille Fanon Mendes France Part II. Reparations: Precedents and Lessons Learned 7. History on Trial: Mau Mau Reparations and the High Court of Justice Caroline Elkins 8. A Critical Assessment of Colombia's Reparations Policies in the Context of the Peace Process Kathryn Sikkink, Douglas A. Johnson, Phuong Pham, and Patrick Vinck 9. Justice Beyond the Final Verdict: The Role of Court-Ordered Reparations in the Struggle for Indigenous Peoples' Human Rights in Guatemala Irma A. Velásquez Nimatuj and Aileen Ford 10. Colonial History at Court: Legal Decisions and Their Social Dilemmas Nicole L. Immler Part III. Outstanding Issues: Unrepaired State-Sponsored Collective Injustice 11. Unhealed Wounds of World War I: Armenia, Kurdistan, and Palestine Rashid Khalidi 12. Nakba Denial: Israeli Resistance to Palestinian Refugee Reparations Michael R. Fischbach 13. Repairing Colonial Symmetry: Algerian Archive Restitution As Reparation for Crimes of Colonialism? Susan Slyomovics 14. The Romani Genocide During the Holocaust: Resistance and Restitution Ian Hancock Part IV. Ways Forward for Reparations 15. The Roma Case for Reparations Margareta Matache and Jacqueline Bhabha 16. What Justice for Starvation Crimes? Alex de Waal and Bridget Conley 17. Stopping the Crimes While Repairing the Victims: Personal Reflections of a Global Prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo with the collaboration of Joanna Frivet Postscript Mary T. Bassett Notes List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThis volume exposes power imbalances that underpin and undermine the efficacy of various private initiatives aimed at regulating human rights abuses in global supply chains. The editors and many authors rightly stress the need to dismantle the current system, which tends to legitimize these asymmetries experienced by workers and affected communities. * Surya Deva, City University of Hong Kong *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Key Acronyms Part I. Framing the Discussion: Private Regulatory Initiatives, Human Rights, and Supply Chain Capitalism Chapter 1. Private Regulatory Initiatives, Human Rights, and Supply Chain Capitalism Daniel Brinks, Julia Dehm, Karen Engle, and Kate Taylor Chapter 2. Closing Gaps in the Chain: Regulating Respect for Human Rights in Global Supply Chains and the Role of Multi-stakeholder Initiatives Justine Nolan Part II. Multi-stakeholder Initiatives and the Maldistribution of Power Chapter 3. The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme and the Continuation of "Conflict Diamonds" Farai Maguwu Chapter 4. Reforming Commodity Certification Systems to Respect Indigenous Peoples' Rights: Prospects for the Forestry Stewardship Council and Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil Marcus Colchester Chapter 5. What Difference Can Certification Regimes Make? The Mapuche People's Claims for Autonomy and the Forestry Industry in Southern Chile Charles R. Hale and José Aylwin Chapter 6. Sustainability Certification and Controversies Surrounding Palm Oil Expansion in Guatemala Geisselle Vanessa Sánchez Monge Part III. Worker-Driven Social Responsibility Programs: Attempts to Redistribute Power Chapter 7. Assessing Feasibility for Worker-Driven Social Responsibility Programs Sean Sellers Chapter 8. From Public Relations to Enforceable Agreements: The Bangladesh Accord as a Model for Supply Chain Accountability Jessica Champagne Chapter 9. Transformation Through Transparency: Human Rights and Corporate Responsibilities in the Global Food System Erika George Part IV. Critical Reflections Chapter 10. Reflections on Labor Standards in Global Supply Chains: Innovation and Scalability James J. Brudney Chapter 11. Situating Human Rights Approaches to Corporate Accountability in the Political Economy of Supply Chain Capitalism Dan Danielsen Chapter 12. Taking Consumers Seriously: Public Regulatory Tools of Accountability Lauren Fielder Chapter 13. Private Regulatory Initiatives and Beyond: Lessons and Reflections Daniel Brinks, Julia Dehm, Karen Engle, and Kate Taylor Notes List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisLethal autonomous weapons are weapon systems that can select and destroy targets without intervention by a human operator. Fighting Machines explores the relationship between lethal autonomous weapons (LAWS), the concept of human dignity, and international law. Much of this analysis speaks to three fundamental and related problems: When a LAWS takes a human life, is that killing a violation of human dignity? Can states and non-state actors use LAWS in accordance with international law? And are there certain responsibilities of human decision-making during wartime that we should not delegate to machines?In the book, Dan Saxon argues that the use of LAWS to take human life constitutes a violation of human dignity. Rather than concentrating on the victims of the use of lethal force, Saxon instead focuses on the technology and relevant legal principles and rules to advance several propositions. First, as LAWS operate at increasingly greater speeds, their use will undermine Trade ReviewLethal autonomous weapons systems – ‘killer robots’ — are no longer the stuff of science fiction. Their champions argue that taking targeting decisions out of the hands of fallible humans will save lives in wartime. In this powerful and rigorously reasoned critique, legal expert Dan Saxon warns that very soon the speed and complexity of the weapons will make it impossible to keep human decision makers in the loop. The result is a disastrous loss of responsibility – and responsibility lies at the heart of war fighters’ human dignity and capacity for empathy. This is the best book I know on the law and morality of autonomous weapons systems. * David Luban, Georgetown University Law Center *Essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the moral and legal challenges posed by the use of lethal autonomous weapons. Saxon adeptly traverses multiple bodies of law to examine how such weapons will erode moral agency, human dignity, and international law. * Sarah Knuckey, Columbia Law School *

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