History Books

Book SynopsisThe story of Aramis—the guided-transportation system intended for Paris—is told in this fictional account by several parties: an engineer and his professor; company executives and elected officials; a sociologist; and Aramis itself, who delivers a passionate plea on behalf of technological innovations that risk being abandoned by their makers.Trade ReviewIt is [the] world of machines that Latour sets out to rehabilitate in his clever new work…an eminently readable book—even on occasions a ripping good yarn. This time round, the author of such seminal sociology of science texts as We Have Never Been Modern has set out to do something daring: create a new genre, what he calls ‘scientifiction’… The result is a hypertext, weaving real and fictional characters together against the backdrop of an actual project carried out by RATP, the public transport authority for Paris… [A] feisty sociotechnological whodunit. -- Margaret Wertheim * New Scientist *Relationalists have to insist that made–found is as dubious as the value–fact and subject–object distinctions. This claim is not easy to make plausible, but Latour is very good at doing so. He is perhaps the best contemporary exponent of the philosophy of interchanges, of continuous passages across traditional dualisms and traditional disciplinary borders. This is because he combines philosophical sophistication with genuine delight in empirical fieldwork, a fluent and flexible style, an amazingly wide range of reference, and wit. Aramis is often hilarious. In Catherine Porter’s splendidly vigorous and idiomatic translation, it is a good read, a well-paced narrative of instructive events. Any policy maker who contemplates spending public money on technological innovation should read it before signing his or her first contractual agreement. It should also be read by anybody looking for some genuinely fresh philosophical ideas. -- Richard Rorty * Voice Literary Supplement *Mr. Latour, a French sociologist of science, is quite serious…about what he is creating—a new genre of fiction and reality that tells a larger truth… [The Aramis project] may have been a wild goose chase, but some honkers end up in the oven. Aramis, or The Love of Technology, in this translation by Catherine Porter, comes out the way a game bird should, au point, juicy and delicious. -- M. R. Montgomery * New York Times Book Review *Immediately after the project ended, Bruno Latour was asked by the RATP to investigate what went wrong. On the basis of a detailed empirical study, he has written three books in one: a detective novel, in which a sociology professor and a young engineer play the parts of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson; a scholarly treatise introducing the modern sociology of technology; and a reproduction of original archival documents. As the book develops, we hear the voice of technology itself, with Frankenstein’s ‘humachine’ and Aramis himself as spokespersons… Latour’s book does offer important insights into the sociotechnical domain and engineering practices that transcend the Aramis case. It also provides, mainly in the form of methodological discussions, the groundwork for a theory of technology and society. This [is an] important asset, of what I think is Latour’s best book so far. -- Wiebe E. Bijker * Nature *Aramis shows with wonderful clarity the many different stories which were told about all aspects of Aramis. -- David Edgerton * Times Literary Supplement *Aramis…uncovers the limits of sociology in its failure to recognize our essentially social relationship with technical artifacts. Its critical force comes from using ethnography to enable technology to speak, or rather, by allowing us to hear the voice of technology speaking indirectly through administrative documents, political rhetoric, engineering specifications, business plans, fiction, and philosophy. -- Peter Lyman * Contemporary Sociology *Aramis is a case study, a sociological investigation, and, yes, a detective novel unlike any ever written—a carefully constructed, non-fictional narrative of the negotiated fictions that underwrite our mechanical inventions. Latour, one of the most supple and rewarding practitioners of any science, shows that the construction of technological society is at base a human drama and must be told in a commensurate manner. Here at last is science studies that avoids self-exemption and partakes, with humor and emotion, of the very processes it depicts. Aramis is a strange but deep book that comes to counterintuitive, urgent conclusions, pleading for more successful parlay between technology and humanism, animate and inanimate, body and soul. This story has much to say about the world we want to build, the world we think we are building, and the worlds we have failed to pull off. -- Richard Powers, author of Galatea 2.2Table of ContentsPreface Prologue: Who Killed Aramis? 1. An Exciting Innovation 2. Is Aramis Feasible? 3. Shilly-Shallying in the Seventies 4. Interphase: Three Years of Grace 5. The 1984 Decision: Aramis Exists for Real 6. Aramis at the CET Stage: Will It Keep Its Promises? 7. Aramis Is Ready to Go (Away) Epilogue: Aramis Unloved Glossary

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Book SynopsisValla (1407-1457) was the most important theorist of the humanist movement. His most famous work is the present volume, an oration in which Valla uses new philological methods to attack the authenticity of the most important document justifying the papacy's claims to temporal rule.

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Book SynopsisA fascinating tour of London''s strangest and most intriguing locations. Ranging from architectural evidence of past incidents and stories of life beneath the city, to anecdotes of magic, mystery and murder, this is a perfect companion for the curious Londoner. It includes: A Museum of Magical Curiosities; The City''s Lost Tunnels and Citadels; The Ghost of a She-Wolf; The Bawdy House Riots; The Story of ''Jack the Stripper''; The Atmospheric Railway; The Thames Ringway Bicycle Race; A Banker Hanged at Newgate; The Crossdressing Highwayman; Bluebottles, Rozzers and Woodentops; The Hidden Statue of a Beaver; The ''Belgravia of Death''; Whitehall''s Licensed Brothel; Pin-Makers, Mole-Takers and Rat Catchers; Drinking in ''The Bucket of Blood''; London''s Most Haunted House.All of London is here!Trade ReviewHere’s yet another book revealing the capital’s ‘secrets’ and ‘surprises’. But it would be churlish to discount this new compendium of unusual London tales... David Long’s an old-hand at putting books like this together, and he always digs up exquisite truffles to go with the hoary turnips. The format flits whimsically between novelty lists (“London’s weirdest wills”, “London’s maddest buildings never built”, “London cabbie slang”…), and mini-essays wriggling with anecdote (“Why are London buses red?”, “London’s famous motoring firsts”…). In a market niche that’s now as crowded as the 18:22 to Reading, Bizarre London pummels its bantamweight rivals with knockout clouts of trivia that even this weary correspondent hadn’t encountered before. * The Londonist *

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Book SynopsisThis book is a profound reexamination of the role of the German army, the Wehrmacht, in World War II. Until recently, the standard story avowed that the ordinary German soldier in World War II was a good soldier and not an accomplice to massacres of civilians. Wette explodes this myth of a clean Wehrmacht with devastating clarity.Trade ReviewThis is a powerful book, provocative, enlightening, disturbing. Based on three decades of solid research, Wette debunks the myth, created by former Wehrmacht officers and continued by their Allied counterparts, that the German military fought a "clean" war in the East 1941-45. He strips away the layers of obfuscation and cover-up to set the record straight: Wehrmacht and SS hand-in hand conducted a campaign of racial extermination in the USSR. The book is a must read. -- Holger H. Herwig, University of CalgaryA badly needed analysis of how the German World War II military came to descend into mass murder, how this descent originated, how it was systematically obscured by a legend of "clean" warfare, and how that legend is finally being demolished. A fine piece of important research presented in very clear -- and well translated -- prose." -- Gerhard L. Weinberg, University of North CarolinaThe conventional wisdom that the German army in WWII fought a relatively clean fight, unsullied by the atrocities committed by the Nazi SS, has recently been challenged and largely demolished. This probing study explores the rise and fall of that myth in the light of scholarship debunking it...Wette's hard-hitting indictment also emphasizes the broad culpability of German society for the crimes of the Third Reich. * Publisher's Weekly *This is one of those modestly sized books on a large subject that succeeds in being definitive...The Wehrmacht is an important contribution to current German historiography. It seeks an answer to the question that rages in German intellectual circles: Was Nazism an aberration in German history, a sickness that came upon a formerly healthy and civilized nation, or was it a natural outgrowth of traits well-entrenched in the national psyche? It is clear from the outset which side of this controversy Professor Wolfram Wette is on, but it is equally apparent what a thoughtful, well-informed historian he is...The Wehrmacht is as filled with all manner of details--surprising as well as predictable--as it is with passion and insight. Perhaps this is what makes it such a pleasure to read, for Wette never simply asserts, he always proves. Facts, statistics, instances are plentiful, but they never simply lie there on the page; you feel the author's outrage, sometimes his incredulity, even as you trust his veracity and integrity. -- Martin Rubin * San Francisco Chronicle *In the history of WWII, the German army too often has been regarded as an unwilling tool of Adolf Hitler. Wette destroys that myth in his book, an indictment of the German army for its involvement in atrocities against Jews and people in eastern Europe. -- K. Eubank * Choice *Over the last twenty years various scholars, from the pioneering work of Omer Bartov to the more recent work of Ben Shepherd and a host of American and German scholars, have demonstrated that the view of a Wehrmacht with "clean hands" is entirely mistaken. These studies have shown that "average" German soldiers were completely capable of and willing to commit the worst atrocities imaginable. This book is another contribution to that corpus. Thus far the focus has been on explaining how and why the typical Landser became capable of mass murder, but this book is not about the average soldier's descent into barbarism. It is rather a study of the path trod by the commanding officers: the field marshals, generals, and colonels who formulate policy and created an environment in which mass murder could occur. As such, this book complements earlier studies by focusing on the highest levels of the Wehrmacht. Wette demonstrates that this level of command not only knew about and approved of mass murder but, after the war, successfully created the myth that the Wehrmacht had played no role in the crimes committed during the war. -- Lee Baker * Journal of Military History *[Wette’s] arguments will provide a powerful corrective to the outdated view that Wehrmacht leaders were dragged unwillingly into complicity in Nazi-mandated crimes...Attacking the myth of the “clean” Wehrmacht, as Wette reminds us, has been neither easy nor particularly successful in changing popular perceptions. Only through continued research and the writing of critical histories will the complex reality emerge. Wette’s monograph constitutes a key contribution to this effort. -- Stephen G. Fritz * Holocaust and Genocide Studies *Wolfram Wette has synthesized a large body of scholarly studies written by critical military historians in the past thirty years and makes them accessible to a nonspecialist audience...This book is an important contribution to the recent historical literature that reveals the much resisted and painful process by which Germans learned to deal honestly with the unmasterable past. -- Derek S. Linton * The Historian *Table of ContentsPreface to the English-Language Edition by Peter Fritzsche Foreword by Manfred Messerschmidt List of Abbreviations 1. Perceptions of Russia, the Soviet Union, and Bolshevism as Enemies German Perceptions of Russia in the Twentieth Century National Socialists' Perceptions of Russia: "Jewish Bolshevism" Perceptions of Russia among the Wehrmacht Generals 2. Anti-Semitism in the German Military From Anti-Semitism to the Holocaust? Germany under the Kaiser and the First World War The Revolutionary Era of 1918-19 The Postwar Period: War Continued by Different Means The Weimar Republic The National Socialist Era up to 1939 3. The Wehrmacht and the Murder of Jews Issuing Orders and Propaganda in the Wehrmacht Some Theaters of War Anti-Semitism as a Soldier's Duty 4. Generals and Enlisted Men The Military Elites in the Grip of a War Ideology Hitler and the Generals The "Little Guy" in Uniform Soldiers of the Wehrmacht in Light of Recent Research The Will to Survive in the War's Final Phase 5. The Legend of the Wehrmacht's "Clean Hands" The Birth of a Legend The War Crimes Trials Writing History from the Wehrmacht's Point of View The Cold War Begins Wehrmacht Crimes, the Justice System, and the Statute of Limitations 6. A Taboo Shatters Historical Research Perceptions of the Wehrmacht in the Bundeswehr After Fifty Years a Taboo Is Broken 7. Conclusion Notes Index

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Book SynopsisIn this ambitious book that ranges across the Great Basin, Blackhawk places Native peoples at the center of a dynamic story as he chronicles two centuries of Indian and imperial history that shaped the American West. This book is a passionate reminder of the high costs that the making of American history occasioned for many indigenous peoples.Trade ReviewBlackhawk’s achievement…is not just rephrasing what is already known, but actually filling a void in historical knowledge by restoring previously overlooked peoples to the record… Blackhawk claims that American history has ‘failed to reckon with the violence upon which the continent was built’… No other Western historian has exposed that violence as starkly as he has. -- David Wishart * Times Literary Supplement *Ned Blackhawk’s Violence over the Land provides much more than a few missing pages of what came to be the northern frontier of the Spanish colonial empire—or the early American West. More than that, it is a contribution to the living narrative of this continent…one that begins not with the arrival of three European ships in 1492, not with conquistadors or soldiers and missionaries—but rather far back to a time before recorded history on this continent… Violence over the Land is complex, layered history that covers what is nowadays referred to as the Great Basin… It is a region and a history that is normally ignored by U.S. historians. -- Roberto Rodriguez and Patrisia Gonzales * Column of the Americas *This book fills large gaps—both geographical and historical—in the narratives of the intermountain West. Blackhawk demonstrates the prominent role of violence, albeit with occasional respires, in shaping native–settler relations. Furthermore, he shows how violence, and especially the attempts by native peoples to adjust to it, shaped their histories and social organizations. Violence over the Land is a significant addition to the history of the U.S. West. It sets a high standard on how to use colonizers’ accounts to present native views of history. -- Thomas D. Hall * Journal of American History *This book takes an academic approach but reads well and reveals an interesting aspect of Southwestern history from a new perspective. It will probably be recognized as a ground-breaking advance in Native American history. -- Charles Bennett * New Mexico Magazine *Ned Blackhawk’s Violence over the Land presents the empirical record from the Spanish West, the areas of New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and the Great Basin country of Utah and Nevada where the various Ute, Pauite, and Shoshone tribes lived. The age of modern empire brought first the Spanish empire and its clashes with the British and French empires, followed by the Spanish and American clashes that resulted in American supremacy across the continent. It is a perspective of an expanding American empire overtaking a weakened Spanish empire (after 1824, the Republic of Mexico), based on the view that American continental expansion was as much more about empire and empirical control of property, wealth, and resources, as any other civilizing drive… Blackhawk effectively weaves a story beginning with the Spanish, involving the rise of equestrian nations from captured and stolen horses, the effects of disease, the changes in tribal economies brought about by settlements and trade for products increasingly in demand as they became necessary for survival and accommodation to the newcomers, rifles and ammunition. Slavery played a large role in the economies of the area… The violence that is the subject of this book, of ‘Indians and Empires,’ carries itself forward today with American imperial ambitions around the globe. It is both the predominant military violence and its inter-woven cultural aspects, with the changing manner of accommodation by the groups that encounter and resist that violence. The American empire was born of violence, and as ably demonstrated by Violence over the Land, grew through violence to become the violent society and empire it remains today. Ned Blackhawk has done much justice to the history of his people and the manner in which the west developed, and the manner in which the American empire progressed. -- Jim Miles * Palestine Chronicle *Blackhawk charges that too many U.S. historians fail to acknowledge ‘violence and American nationhood…progressed hand in hand,’ and need to recognize the long-term consequences of Native Americans’ experiences with European American imperialism. The author argues that histories that downplay the violence involved in the U.S. occupation of the West are woefully inadequate. This important book should be read by anyone interested in western or Native American history. -- M. C. Mangusso * Choice *Blackhawk begins with the premise that too many histories written about the United States downplay the violence perpetrated by its citizens on native peoples. Through his study of the experiences of the various Ute, Paiute, and Shoshone groups residing in what is now Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Colorado, and California (the Great Basin), Blackhawk vividly demonstrates the importance of illuminating the consequences of that violence, which continue to reverberate today. It should be noted that Blackhawk, a Western Shoshone himself, does not portray the natives as victims. Instead, he demonstrates that their perseverance and ability to adapt to changing conditions over the last two centuries allowed them to help shape the world around them. This exceptional monograph is one of the finest studies available on the native peoples of the Great Basin region. -- John Burch * Library Journal *Blackhawk shows how the forces unleashed by conquest and colonialism reverberated across the Great Basin, a region badly neglected in most histories of Native America and the West. Far from the scene of direct Spanish–Indian encounters, complex relations of power and violence developed between different Native peoples as contests escalated over horses, trade, tribute, and slaves. In the nineteenth century, American explorers, miners, settlers, and government agents entered a world already in turmoil. Violence over the Land paints a searing picture of the ripple effects of colonialism on Native communities. -- Colin G. Calloway, author of One Vast Winter Count: The Native American West before Lewis and ClarkRanging widely across geography and time, Violence over the Land gives an often overlooked region and its peoples the same import routinely accorded the middle ground or the Atlantic rim. Ned Blackhawk’s compelling interpretation completely reorients our understanding of the early American West. -- Philip J. Deloria, author of Indians in Unexpected PlacesA powerful work that challenges a long list of myths and preconceptions, this ambitious book asks us to reimagine the conventional narrative of North American history. Blackhawk’s story of Great Basin peoples reveals both the violent history of the region and the habits of mind that, until now, have produced sanitized narratives of its past. -- Frederick E. Hoxie, University of IllinoisAt last, we Indigenous people of the Americas have a central part in history! In this major and much-needed work Ned Blackhawk features Indians in American history not in a peripheral role but in a pivotal way. While Native people were ‘caught in the maelstrom of colonialism,’ they were not merely victims but key participants in the hemispheric changes that began with Spanish imperialism in the fifteenth century. An outstanding contribution to the narrative history of the Americas. -- Simon J. Ortiz, author of From Sand Creek and Out There SomewhereA very impressive achievement. Blackhawk has managed through prodigious research to piece together a coherent history of an understudied region while at the same time developing original arguments with broad implications for North American history. Compelling, at times provocative, this book has the potential to shift the center of gravity within the field. -- Jeffrey Ostler, University of OregonViolence over the Land reveals a tragic, yet telling account of colonialism, part of a tapestry woven from the threads of violence and indigenous pain running through the lives of the Ute, Paiute, and Shoshone communities. -- Estevan Rael-Gálvez, New Mexico State HistorianEloquently written, wide-ranging, and deeply researched, Violence over the Land highlights the pervasive pain that shaped and reshaped the area known as the Great Basin. Ned Blackhawk demonstrates that the peoples long derided as the most impoverished of ‘primitive bands’ were made that way by colonial history, not by culture or ecology. This is a major contribution to our understanding of the American experience. -- Daniel K. Richter, author of Facing East from Indian CountryIn this triumph of historical detective work, Ned Blackhawk recovers the lost story of the Great Basin’s Native peoples and brings them into the larger narrative of American history. Along with Utes, Navajos, Comanches, Spaniards, Englishmen, and Anglo Americans, violence itself is a major historical actor in this well-told story. Indeed, Blackhawk’s analysis of violence may force a reconsideration of its role in other regions of early America. -- David J. Weber, author of Bárbaros: Spaniards and Their Savages in the Age of EnlightenmentEthnohistorians have never given the West’s interior deserts, home to the Utes, Shoshones, Paiutes and others, the attention they have deserved. In this fine history Ned Blackhawk tells a fascinating and disturbing story, centuries deep, enriched by cultural and moral complexity, but ultimately revealing of the tragedy of native dispossession throughout the continent. -- Elliott West, author of Contested PlainsExpansive, vivid, and beautifully creative, Violence over the Land is a tour de force. Blackhawk deftly weaves throughout the theme of violence and cultural change over three centuries in the scramble for a vast region of western North America. A missing piece of the puzzle has just been found. -- John Wunder, University of NebraskaTable of Contents* Introduction: The Indigenous Body in Pain *1. Spanish--Ute Relations to 1750 *2. The Making of the New Mexican--Ute Borderlands *3. The Enduring Spanish--Ute Alliance *4. Crisis in the New Mexican--Ute Borderlands *5. Great Basin Indians in the Era of Lewis and Clark *6. Colorado Utes and the Traumatic Storms of Expansion *7. Utah's Indians and the Crisis of Mormon Settlement * Epilogue: Born on the Fourth of July, or Narrating Nevadan Indian Histories * Chronology * Abbreviations * Notes * Acknowledgments * Index

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Book SynopsisTracing the process by which an area seen as a war-zone was transformed by the actions of the Romans, this text examines the effects of imperial expansion, not only on those who were subjected to it but also on Rome itself, which was radically transformed by its experience as an imperial power.Trade Review"An essential tool for anyone studying Spain, whether in relation to the Roman empire or to European history as a whole." Choice.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Introduction. 1. Romans and Carthaginians, 237-206 BC. 2. The Beginnings of the Provinces, 205-133 BC. 3. The Period of the Civil Wars, 133-44 BC. 4. Augustus and the Julio-Claudians, 44 BC-AD 68. 5. The Flavian Re-shaping and its Consequences, AD 68-180. 6. The Breakdown of the System, AD 180-284. 7. Spain in the New Empire: Christianity and the Barbarians, AD 284-409. 8. Spain and the Romans. Bibliographic Essay. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book, now available in paperback, is a challenging and controversial account of the history of Spain in the eighth century. In it Roger Collins assesses the political and cultural impact on Spain of the first hundred years of Arab rule, focusing upon aspects of continuity and discontinuity with Visigoth Spain.Trade Review"Collins has composed a spirited and challenging survey of the century; the helpful footnotes on almost every page testify to his extensive erudition ... he writes with the confident air of someone pioneering an invigorating, modern approach to a drab and largely forgotten era, and he deserves a discriminating readership." Times Higher Education Supplement "A challenging picture of eighth-century Spain which gives the kaleidoscope a good shake, allowing students a glimpse of events and trends in that shadowy century in a new light." Muslim World Book ReviewTable of ContentsList of Abbreviations. Preface. 1. A Developing Kingdom. The Visigoth Twilight? Visigothic Hispania and its Neighbours. 2. Adjusting to Conquest. Problems of Evidence and Interpretation. Military Occupation and the Restoration of Order. 3. The Tenacity of a Tradition. Christian Chroniclers and Arab Rulers. Toledo and the Spanish Church. 4. The Conquerors Divided. A Peaceful Decade in the Peninsula. Wars with the Franks. Arab versus Berber; Arab versus Arab. 5. The Rise of an Adventurer. The Making of a Dynastic Legend. The Umayyad Coup d'etat. 6. A Dynasty of Opportunities. Pelagius and the Asturian Revolt. The Kingdom's Opponents: Muslims and Christians. 7. The Maturing of a Regime. The March to the Ebro. The 'Arab Loevigild'. Administration and Control. 8. Some Winners and Some Losers. The Struggle for the Succession. The Return of the Franks. Adoptionism and the Decline of Toledo. Index.

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Book SynopsisPlatonic Theology is the visionary and philosophical masterpiece of Marsilio Ficino (14331499), the Florentine scholar-philosopher-magus largely responsible for the Renaissance revival of Plato. This work, translated into English for the first time, is a key to understanding the art, thought, culture, and spirituality of the Renaissance.Trade ReviewThe I Tatti project represents a major contribution to Renaissance studies, as it becomes increasingly necessary to produce reliable editions and translations of works of the Italian Renaissance written in Latin. By providing an accurate text and a readable translation in an elegant yet affordable format, this [edition] will benefit both scholars and students, who might not be familiar with Ficino's sometimes difficult and elliptical Latin. It will interest not only those who are working on Ficino and Italian humanism but also anyone who is concerned with the history of Platonism and Neoplatonism. No doubt this edition will stimulate further studies on Ficino's Platonic Theology, which will in turn enlighten significant aspects of Ficino's thought, identify new sources and provide a comprehensive exegesis of this fundamental text. -- Maude Vanhaelen * Bryn Mawr Classical Review *Ficino set out to show that the ancient Neoplatonic philosophy embodied a "gentile theological tradition," one that complemented the Mosaic revelation to the Jews and prepared its devotees for the final truths of Christianity. Ficino worked in full knowledge of the internal complications of Neoplatonism. He wrote and argued in styles that ranged from the logical and synthetic to the poetic and evocative, as he struggled to find ways to prove that the universe was orderly and governed by a Creator and to lay out the place within it of the immortal human soul. -- Anthony T. Grafton * New York Review of Books *Allen's translation of Ficino's work is a crucial contribution to Renaissance studies. -- Daniel B. Gallagher * Aestimatio *

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Book SynopsisFor more than a thousand years before the arrival of the Slavs in the sixth century AD, the lands between the Adriatic and the river Danube, now Yugoslavia and Albania, were the home of the peoples known to the ancient world as Illyrians.Trade Review"This is splendid scholarship from which even mature scholars can learn much." ChoiceTable of ContentsPart I: The Search for Illyrians:. 1. Rediscovery of Illyrians. 2. Prehistoric Illyrians. 3. Naming Illyrians. Part II: Greek Illyrians:. 4. Neighbours of the Greeks. 5. Enemies of Macedon. 6. Kingdom of Illyrians. Part III: Roman Illyrians:. 7. Illyricum. 8. Life and Death among Illyrians. 9. Imperial Illyrians. Notes. Abbreviations. Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisAs the U.S. gained independence, a full fifth of the country’s population was African American. In this compact volume, Nash reorients our understanding of early America, and reveals the perilous choices of the founding fathers that shaped the nation's future. Here is a powerful story of the nation’s multiple, and painful, paths to freedom.Trade ReviewIn this wonderfully detailed narrative, Gary Nash tells the dramatic and engaging story of African American people and the issues of race and slavery at a critical moment in American history. Marshaling compelling evidence, he illuminates the post-Revolutionary debates over slavery and abolition. Had the founders' actions matched their ideals of freedom, we might well have avoided a Civil War. An important book that offers profound insights into the foundations of the history of all Americans. -- James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton, co-authors of Slavery and the Making of AmericaGary Nash is one of America's most distinguished historians and he has done as much as anyone to bring 'The Forgotten Fifth' to life. With this incisive and engaging book, he compels Americans to learn more about a remarkable generation of black founders--men and women who helped shape the meaning of liberty and justice for all as surely as their better known counterparts, Jefferson, Washington and Madison. A fine book. -- Richard S. Newman, author of The Transformation of American Abolitionism: Fighting Slavery in the Early RepublicGary Nash has long inspired all those still laboring to bring a missing portion of American history to light. In The Forgotten Fifth, Nash sketches a complex and gripping tale of a road not taken toward true equality at the time of our nation's founding. This veteran historian has placed squarely on the table the largest missing piece in the puzzle of our extraordinary revolution. Now the soul-searching debate about what this complex story means for all Americans can begin. -- Peter Wood, Duke UniversityNash's reminder that African-Americans made up a fifth of the population during the Revolutionary era exemplifies the purpose of this lively, accessible 'corrective to historical amnesia,' comprising three discrete chapters based on lectures he delivered at Harvard in 2004. The wide-ranging first chapter, 'The Black Americans' Revolution,' illustrates how the War for Independence whetted slaves' thirst for freedom. Nash chronicles slave defection to the British (for whom many more blacks fought than for the Americans) and sketches vivid portraits of individuals who sued for their freedom in the courts. The impassioned second chapter asks, 'Could Slavery Have Been Abolished?' and argues the affirmative--that ending slavery during the postrevolutionary period was not only possible but would have unified rather than split the nation. Nash traces broad political and economic conditions (e.g., widespread abolitionist sentiment) to support his argument, and blames the nation's leaders and founding fathers for their lack of political courage. The concluding essay explores questions of citizenship and national identity through the early 19th-century writings of two contemporary Philadelphians, the African-American businessman James Forten and Tench Coxe, a white political economist. Nash exhibits gracefully assertive scholarship in this brief but meaty synthesis. * Publishers Weekly *During the American Revolution, one in every five Americans was black. The British offered freedom in return for joining the fight against the rebels. The Continental Army did not. In a slim but well-researched narrative, historian Nash questions the idea that slavery was an issue best deferred in the early days of the Republic. -- Bob Minzesheimer * USA Today *A book to stimulate robust debate, this one is well worth the read. -- Frank Lampert * American Historical Review *This short book features three provocative essays based on the author's 2004 Nathan Huggins Lectures at Harvard. In characteristic style, Nash challenges historical assumptions about African Americans during the revolutionary period...Well researched, engaging, and thought-provoking. -- Robert Flatley * Library Journal *Gary Nash shows that the African slaves hardly stood by impassively as Revolution approached and that at least part of their plight when their fate was considered at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 was that so many of them had made a daring political choice--but a disastrous one as it turned out...Nash illuminates a largely overlooked chapter in black history, the flight of thousands of slaves to the side of the British during the War for Independence...Required reading for anyone who ponders the impact of slavery on our lives today. -- James Srodes * Washington Times *Thoughtful...The modest but forceful reassessment by Nash...evoke[s] colonial and post-colonial greed as fully as the arbitrary and unforgiving boundaries on the map of contemporary Africa. No matter which side won in America, the black population lost. -- Stanley Weintraub * Washington Post Book World *Historians have generally assumed that the postwar flurry of antislavery sentiment and action was superficial and doomed to failure. Nash boldly suggests otherwise, arguing that the movement came very close to success and failed only because of a lack of astute and effective leadership on the part of those who were in a position to make a difference, namely the Founding Fathers...Nash's argument is original and suggestive. -- George M. Fredrickson * New York Review of Books *The Revolutionary generation in America did not end slavery—that is a fact...Moreover, enslaved black Americans were not idle bystanders; they launched a resistance movement, which the author claims identifies them as black founding fathers. But this is not the lesson school children learn; they are taught what the slaveholding minority believed: that ending slavery meant disunion. This is the story eloquently told by Gary B. Nash in this book. Nash does not intend to “destabilize history”; rather, he wants to portray a more diverse picture of the United States (vii)...This skillful historian provides many examples of how African-Americans and their supporters engaged the fight for liberty to include all the people...His elegant prose makes the book accessible virtually to anyone interested in historical literature. -- Stephen Middleton * The Historian *

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Book SynopsisHow have major civilizations of the last two millennia treated people who were attracted to their own sex? Crompton chronicles the lives and achievements of homosexual people alongside a darker history of persecution, as he compares the Christian West with the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome, Arab Spain, imperial China, and pre-Meiji Japan.Trade ReviewBrilliantly researched… Crompton, drawing on his immense erudition, contrasts Christianity and its barbaric cruelty toward same-sex love with more benign traditions in Moorish Spain… [He] also discusses the cult of romantic homosexuality in traditional Japan, where relationships of intense loyalty and idealism sprang up between the samurai and their pages. -- Edmund White * Los Angeles Times *In Louis Crompton’s sober, searching and somber new history, Homosexuality and Civilization, homosexuality is associated with the inner workings of civilization itself… It begins in the gladness of early Greece, where homosexuality had an ‘honored place’ for more than a millennium, and concludes with the madness of 19th-century Europe. In between is what Mr. Crompton calls a ‘kaleidoscope of horrors’ lasting more than 1,500 years… This is a restrained, careful, clear book of scholarly exposition. -- Edward Rothstein * New York Times *Crompton’s book is truly the culmination of a lifetime’s commitment… Writing a history of homosexuality is therefore a mission to remind the reader of millennia of oppression and resistance. For Crompton, the commonalities of that disparate history of homosexuality lie in two elements: the fact of common sexual practices, and the possibilities of human love and devotion that survived and contested all that history (‘their’ history) could throw at it. His history is, in part at least, a history of celebration. -- Jeffrey Weeks * Times Higher Education Supplement *Even after the explosion of literature on gay issues since the 1970s, comprehensive examinations of homosexuality in history have been few. An exception is Louis Crompton’s new Homosexuality and Civilization, a sweeping account that was 18 years in the making. Crompton, a professor emeritus of English at the University of Nebraska, presents both a catalog of horrific abuse and persecution in the West and a surprising history of tolerance in some Eastern cultures, such as Japan, where homosexuality was ‘an honored way of life among the country’s religious and military leaders.’ -- Julian Sanchez * Reason *At last, a comprehensive, scholarly investigation into homosexuality through the ages. In Homosexuality and Civilization, Louis Crompton discusses in elevated but readable fashion how gays and lesbians have affected the civilized world from ancient Greece to modern America, and been affected by it. * Louisville Letter *When Europeans first arrived in the Americas they found men engaged in erotic entanglements virtually on the quayside. They responded with the horror their religion had implanted in them, holding out their bibles and shouting ‘Abomination! Devilry! Witchcraft!’ The problem was they found the same thing almost everywhere they set foot in East Asia. China and Japan both looked on this kind of activity with a cool shrug of the shoulders. But as the Europeans’ colonizing push gathered force, the hangings, disembowelment by mastiffs and burnings alive (especially popular) began to appear in these regions as well… This is a major work… It will be the first book future researchers in the topic turn to, and what they will find is a magisterial survey that delivers the fruits of a lifetime’s study. Everything in the field is touched on and weighed in the balance. -- Bradley Winterton * Taipei Times *Beginning where one would suspect—the ancient Greeks—Crompton puts a particular emphasis on Eastern social history in pursuing his narrative of the evolving place of homosexuality all the way to the Enlightenment. A key Crompton theme is that while much of Western civilization officially persecuted homosexuals throughout the ages, whatever the hypocrisy involved, in many Eastern cultures—including pre-modern China and samurai Japan—‘the celebration of same-sex love rivaled that of ancient Greece.’ * Toronto Star *Based on the best recent scholarship and providing an overview of homosexuality from the Greeks to the end of the 18th century, this levelheaded, easy-to-read volume confirms the fact that homosexuality has had a long history (with periods of greater or less tolerance)… The result is the best historical overview of the topic that this reviewer has read. -- V. L. Bullough * Choice *In [Homosexuality and Civilization], impressive for its breadth and readability, an early pioneer of gay and lesbian studies attempts the Herculean task of chronicling the history of homosexuality in Europe and parts of Asia from Homer to the 18th century. In a series of short vignettes, Crompton…relates the ‘rich and terrible’ stories of men and women who have been immortalized, celebrated, shunned or executed for the special attention they paid to members of their own sex. Two chapters on China and Japan are a welcome addition to the usual Eurocentric focus. * Publishers Weekly *An encyclopedic survey of homosexuality in Western and non-Western civilizations. Crompton’s writing is lively, vivid and refreshing—a pleasure to read. Anyone interested in looking at homosexuality from a comparative and historical point of view will want to own this book. -- David Greenberg, author of The Construction of HomosexualityA treasure trove of compelling information. This marvelous book, covering not simply the Western tradition but China and Japan as well, is sure to become fundamental reading in gay and lesbian studies. Crompton dazzles the reader with his exhaustive research and incisive analyses. Not since the work of the late John Boswell has a scholar brought such a brilliant light to bear on earlier evidence of same-sex affections. -- Karla Jay, author of Tales of the Lavender MenaceA master work of interpretive scholarship. Before this exhaustive and exhilarating study, a long shelf of books considered the intersection of homosexuality and civilization. Now there is one that does it all. Crompton’s lifetime of academic gay activism powers this erudite, entertaining distillation of same-sex politics, practices, and passions across centuries and through cultures. He was born to write this book; generations yet unborn will draw knowledge and strength from it. -- Richard Labonte, Q Syndicate columnist and former General Manager, A Different Light bookstoresA minor masterpiece. Each chapter is a small work of art in itself. Crompton’s discussion of Sapphic love is the best general treatment of lesbian suffering that I have seen. Though passionate, Homosexuality and Civilization is articulate, balanced, and theoretically sound—accessible to beginners and informative for specialists as well. -- William A. Percy, coeditor of Encyclopedia of HomosexualityA one-of-a-kind, page-turning tour through gay history—one of the richest reading experiences in recent memory. This magnificent book educates us, startles us, and, by turns, reassures us as it traces the widespread cultural wellsprings of the changing forces of homosexuality. Crompton has crafted an utterly thrilling tour de force that succeeds in reinventing what we know about gay life across cultures and ages. This impressively detailed, eminently illuminating, and thoroughly enjoyable book should be on every gay person’s—and every thinking person’s—must-read list. -- David Rosen, Editor-in-Chief, InsightOutBooksTable of ContentsPreface 1. Early Greece: 776-480 BCE A Millennium of Greek Love Homer's Iliad Crete, Sparta, Chalcis Athletics and the Cult of Beauty Sappho Alcaeus, Ibycus, Anacreon Theognis of Megara Athens' Rulers The Tyrannicides 2. Judea: 900 BCE-600 CE The Judgment of Leviticus The Threat to Population Sodom's Gold Who Were the Kedeshim? Philo of Alexandria The Talmud 3. Classical Greece: 480-323 BCE Pindar's Odes Greek Tragedy Phidias The Comedies of Aristophanes Plato's Symposium The Phaedrus and the Laws Xenophon Aristotle's Dicta Zeno and the Stoics Aeschines' Against Timarchus The Sacred Band of Thebes Philip and Alexander 4. Rome and Greece: 200 BCE-138 CE Sexuality and Empire Cicero and Roman Politics Greek Love in the Aeneid Meleager and Callimachus Catullus and Tibullus Theocritus and "Corydon" Horace Ovid's Myths Lesbianism Petronius' Satyricon Suetonius and the Emperors Statius, Martial, Juvenal Hadrian and Antinous 5. Christians and Pagans: 1-565 CE The Gospels Intertestamental Judaism and Paul "Moses" and the Early Church Greek Love in Late Antiquity Plutarch's Dialogue on Love The Lucianic Dialogue Two Romances and an Epic Roman Law before Constantine The Edicts of 342 and 390 Sodom Transformed Saint John Chrysostom The Persecutions of Justinian 6. Darkness Descends: 476-1049 The Fall of Rome Visigothic Spain Church Councils and Penitentials The Carolingian Panic Love in Arab Spain The Growth of Canon Law The Book of Gomorrah 7. The Medieval World: 1050-1321 The Fortunes of Ganymede Scandal in High Places The Theological Assault The Inquisition and Its Allies The Fate of the Templars Secular Laws: The Sowing The Harvest Begins Poets for the Prosecution Dante's Admirable Sinners 8. Imperial China: 500 BCE-1840 A Peach, a Fish, and a Sleeve The Han Emperors Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism Poets and Lovers From Tang to Song Ming China: The West Reacts Feng Menglong's Anatomy of Love Fiction and Drama The Qing Dynasty The Peking Stage 9. Italy in the Renaissance: 1321-1609 A New Ethos and an Old Repression in the Italian City States Death in Venice Florence: The Price of Love Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo Michelangelo: Love, Art, and Guilt Sodoma and Cellini Rome and Caravaggio 10. Spain and the Inquisition: 1506-1700 The Spanish Inquisition Subcultures in Valencia and Madrid The Inquisition in Portugal Spain and the New World 11. France from Calvin to Louis XIV: 1517-1715 Outings, Protestant and Catholic Calvinism and Repression Henry III and the "Mignons" The Poets' Revolt 9. Queen Christina Louis XIII, "The Just" Monsieur and Madame Six Generals Les Lesbiennes 12. England from the Reformation to William III: 1533-1702 Silence and Denial Monasteries and the Law Elizabethan Literature Christopher Marlowe The Tragedy of Edward II Shakespeare's Sonnets James VI and I Francis Bacon Puritanism and the Restoration Between Women William III in England 13. Pre-Meiji Japan: 800-1868 Europe Discovers Japan The Buddhist Priesthood Samurai and Shoguns No Drama and Kabuki A Debate and an Anthology Saikaku's Great Mirror Tokugawa Finale 14. Patterns of Persecution: 1700-1730 Policing Paris "Reforming" Britain Souls in Exile Witch Hunt in the Netherlands 15. Sapphic Lovers: 1700-1793 Law and Religion Romance and Innuendo A Nun and an Actress An Ill-Fated Queen 16. The Enlightenment: 1730-1810 Montesquieu and Beccaria Frederick the Great The Vagaries of Voltaire Diderot and Sade Toward Reform Bentham vs. Blackstone Conclusion Notes Bibliography Acknowledgments Illustration Credits Index

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Book SynopsisLeucippe and Clitophon, written in the second century AD, is exceptional among the ancient romances in being a first-person narrative: the adventures of the young couple are recounted by the hero himself. Achilles Tatius’ style is notable for descriptive detail and for his engaging digressions.

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Book SynopsisIn his seventeen-book Geography, Strabo (ca. 64 BC–ca. AD 25) discusses geographical method, stresses the value of geography, and draws attention to the physical, political, and historical details of separate regions. Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers.

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Book SynopsisEnsure your students have access to the authoritative, in-depth and accessible content of this series for the IB History Diploma. This series for the IB History Diploma has taken the clarity, accessibility, reliability and in-depth analysis of our best-selling Access to History series and tailor-made it to better fit the IB learner''s needs. Each title in the series provides depth of content, focussed on specific topics in the IB History guide, and examination guidance on different exam-style questions - helping students develop a good knowledge and understanding of the topic alongside the skills they need to do well.- Ensures students gain a good understanding of the IB History topic through an engaging, in-depth, reliable and up-to-date narrative - presented in an accessible way. - Helps students to understand historical issues and examine the evidence, through providing a wealth of relevant sources and analysis of the historiography surrounding key Table of Contents : Introduction : 1 What you will study : 2 How you will be assessed : 3 About this book : Chapter 1 The USA in the 1920s: prosperity? : 1 The extent of prosperity : 2 Reasons for prosperity : Chapter 2 The Wall Street Crash and the causes of the Great Depression in the USA : 1 The Wall Street Crash : 2 Problems in the economy : 3 Effects of the Wall Street Crash : 4 Key debate: How strong was the American economy in the 1920s and how real was the prosperity? : Chapter 3 President Hoover and the Great Depression : 1 The impact of the Great Depression on the presidency of Herbert Hoover : 2 The USA during the Great Depression : 3 Key debate: Why was the Depression so extensive and long lasting? : 4 Federal government policies : 5 The 1932 presidential election : Chapter 4 The US 1933-45: New Deals and economic recovery : 1 The first 100 days and the First New Deal : 2 Alternatives to the New Deal : 3 Key debate: Was the First New Deal a planned programme or simply a series of unrelated measures to deal with specific problems? : 4 The Second New Deal 1935-6 : 5 Problems in Roosevelt's second term : 6 The Third New Deal 1937-9 : 7 Political developments 1938 and 1939 : 8 Key debate: How much impact did the New Deal have on American politics and the economy? : 9 The impact of the Great Depression on society: African-Americans and women : 10 The New Deal: an evaluation : 11 Literature and the arts during the Great Depression : 12 The impact of the Second World War on the USA : Chapter 5 The Great Depression in Canada : 1 Canada in the 1920s : 2 The causes and effects of the Depression in Canada : 3 Federal government responses to the Depression 1929-34 : 4 Bennett's proposed 'New Deal' and the 1935 election : 5 Alternative responses to the Depression : 6 Mackenzie King's government 1935-48 : 7 The impact of the war on Canada : 8 Key debate: How far did the Great Depression lead to the growth of the role of federal government? : Chapter 6 The Great Depression in Latin America : 1 Latin America in the 1920s : 2 Argentina in the 1920s : 3 Argentina in the 1930s : 4 Literature and the arts in Argentina : 5 Brazil in the 1920s : 6 Brazil in the 1930s : 7 Key debate: What were the characteristics of the Estado Novo? : Glossary : Timeline : Further reading : Internal assessment

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Book SynopsisThis edition''s examination guidance has recently been updated for the 2015 IB guide for HL Option 2, History of the Americas, Topic 10: Emergence of the Americas in global affairs 1880-1929The renowned IB Diploma History series, combining compelling narratives with academic rigor.An authoritative and engaging narrative, with the widest variety of sources at this level, helping students to develop their knowledge and analytical skills. This second edition provides:- Reliable, clear and in-depth narrative from topic experts- Analysis of the historiography surrounding key debates- Dedicated exam practice with model answers and practice questions- TOK support and Historical Investigation questions to help with all aspects of the DiplomaTable of Contents : Introduction : Chapter 1: United States' expansionist foreign policies : Chapter 2: The Spanish-American-Cuban War, 1898 : Chapter 3: United States' foreign policies, 1901-17 : Chapter 4: The United States and the First World War: from neutrality to involvement : Chapter 5: Canada and the First World War: participation and impact : Chapter 6: Latin America in the First World War: participation and impact

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Book SynopsisSome historians have traced a line from Germany’s atrocities in its colonial wars to those committed by the Nazis during WWII. Susanne Kuss dismantles these claims, rejecting the notion that a distinctive military ethos or policy of genocide guided Germany’s conduct of operations in Africa and China, despite acts of unquestionable brutality.Trade ReviewKuss has provided a comprehensive study of German military force in colonial theaters before the First World War. Her account, which covers campaigns in China, Southwest Africa, and East Africa, extends to the motivation, ideology, and training of German soldiers for colonial service; their weaponry; the injury, disease, and other environmental challenges they faced; the parliamentary politics and diplomacy of colonial warfare; and the subsequent memorialization of their service in the colonies. This is an altogether fascinating book. -- Roger Chickering, Georgetown UniversityThis is an extraordinary work that provides many new insights into German colonial warfare. Kuss analyzes several aspects of military violence in this context that have so far been neglected. Excellent. -- Stig Förster, coeditor of War in an Age of Revolution, 1775–1815Challenging the thesis of a significant link between Imperial German colonialism and Nazi racial policies, Kuss asserts instead that German colonial behavior was shaped by specific local conditions and that National Socialism did not turn to the colonial model to justify its ideology and behavior. Her counter-argument is provocative and persuasive. -- Dennis Showalter, author of The Wars of German Unification

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Book SynopsisAt the age of sixteen, Catherine Tylney Long became the wealthiest heiress in England, and the public found their 'angel'. Witty, wealthy and beautiful, Catherine was the most eligible of young ladies and was courted by royalty but, ignoring the warnings of her closest confidantes, she married for love. Her choice of husband was the charming but feckless dandy William Wellesley Pole, nephew of the Duke of Wellington.The pair excited the public's interest on an unprecedented scale with gossip columns reporting every detail of their magnificent home in Wanstead, where they hosted glittering royal fetes, dinners and parties. But their happiness was short-lived; just a decade later William had frittered away Catherine's inheritance and the couple were forced to flee into exile. As they travelled across Europe, they became embroiled in a series of scandals that shocked the public and culminated in a landmark court case.Meticulously researched and rich with

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Book SynopsisAs a Europe grew rich in the Middle Ages, the well-made clothes, linens, and wares of households often substituted for hard currency. Pawnbrokers kept goods in circulation, and sergeants of the law marched into debtors’ homes to seize belongings equal in value to debts owed. David Smail describes a material world on the cusp of modern capitalism.Trade ReviewA terrific book, rich with well-told anecdotes as well as smart analytical interventions. Smail makes ordinary people more than mere onlookers or victims of the long so-called commercial revolution of Europe. -- Martha Howell, Columbia UniversityFull of unexpected insights, this exciting and innovative social history brings the late Middle Ages to life through everyday objects that served as the basis of an emotional package of vanity, optimism, humiliation, and violence surrounding debt seizures. -- Paul Freedman, Yale UniversityFascinating and highly original. Smail writes with great fluency, a distinctive voice, and disarming charm. He has a gift for using understudied sources to analyze fresh and important questions. -- Carol Lansing, University of California, Santa BarbaraA magisterial examination of the transformation of the medieval economy. While the entire book is remarkably insightful and erudite, the chapters on the excessive acts of the state against its citizens and the concomitant violent resistance are particularly brilliant. -- Teofilo F. Ruiz, University of California, Los AngelesLegal Plunder is only partly about the exploration of grand interpretive ideas using a medieval case study. The book will also stimulate readers interested primarily in debates about the economy, society and culture of late medieval Europe. Its main conclusions will surely excite discussion and further exploration. -- Christopher Briggs * History Today *A massive historical undertaking that sheds considerable light on wealth and credit in medieval Europe. -- S. Pressman * Choice *Daniel Lord Smail’s fascinating Legal Plunder: Household and Debt Collection in Late Medieval Europe shows that ‘offshore’ or private money creation (i.e. credit) played a significant part even in the Middle Ages. -- Rebecca L. Spang * Times Literary Supplement *

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Book SynopsisAfter Reconstruction, African Americans found themselves largely excluded from politics, higher education, and the professions. Martin Kilson explores how a modern African American intelligentsia developed amid institutionalized racism. He argues passionately for an ongoing commitment to communitarian leadership in the tradition of Du Bois.Trade ReviewA sweeping yet provocative account of the history of the African American intellectual elite. -- Touré F. Reed * Journal of American History *A passionate argument for the ongoing necessity of Black leaders in the tradition of W. E. B. Du Bois…Kilson also asserts that a revival of commitment to communitarian leadership is essential for the continued pursuit of justice at home and around the world. * Journal for Pan African Studies *Kilson issues a bracing call to arms in which African American scholars re-embrace a ‘Du Bosian moral leadership obligation’…His description of current conditions of our brick-and-mortar intellectual establishment—in which prisons have a greater custodial and educational function than schools—is detailed, damning, and up to date. -- Ben Keppel * Reviews in American History *

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Book SynopsisEight works or parts of works were ascribed to Manetho of Egypt, all on history and religion and all apparently in Greek. They survive only as quoted by other writers and include the spurious Book of Sôthis. The Kings of Thebes (in Egypt) and the Old Chronicle are doubtful.

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Book SynopsisThe philosopher Philo, born about 20 BC to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.

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Book SynopsisOn the City of God unfolds God’s action in the progress of the world’s history, and propounds the superiority of Christian beliefs over pagan in adversity.

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Book SynopsisA groundbreaking new book about the misogynistic nineteenth century obsession with hysteria, focusing on the renowned Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris.''Fascinating and beautifully written'' Guardian''Fascinating ... gives us a disturbing insight into the extent to which doctors, patients and diseases, both then and now, are products of their time'' Sunday TimesIn 1862 the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris became the epicenter of the study of hysteria, the mysterious illness then thought to affect half of all women.There, prominent neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot''s contentious methods caused furore within the church and divided the medical community. Treatments included hypnosis, piercing and the evocation of demons and, despite the controversy they caused, the experiments became a fascinating and fashionable public spectacle.Medical Muses tells the stories of the women institutionalised in the Salpêtrière. Theirs is a tale of scTrade ReviewFascinating and beautifully written * Guardian *Fascinating ... gives us a disturbing insight into the extent to which doctors, patients and diseases, both then and now, are products of their time * Daisy Goodwin, Sunday Times *Thoughtful and engrossing * Miranda Seymour, Daily Telegraph *The thoroughly researched, very readable material brings to life their strange and remarkable stories, told in meticulous detail, as well as the brilliance and brutality of the great physician * Independent *Consistently enthralling * Kathryn Harrison, New York Times *Fascinating ... This account of psychiatry in its infancy is unforgettable -- Lesley McDowell * Independent on Sunday *Asti Hustvedt has tapped into a deeply fascinating seam of medical history here ... Her descriptions of patients, and of Jean-Martin Charcot, the doctor who treated them, are peerless -- William Leith * Scotsman *

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Book SynopsisPlotinus (204/5270 CE) was the first and greatest of Neoplatonic philosophers. His writings were edited by his disciple Porphyry, who published them sometime between 301 and 305 CE in six sets of nine treatises each (Enneads), with a biography of his master in which he also explains his editorial principles.

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Book SynopsisSeneca (c. 4–65 CE) devotes most of Naturales Quaestiones to celestial phenomena. In Book 1 he discusses fires in the atmosphere; in 2, lightning and thunder; in 3, bodies of water. Seneca’s method is to survey the theories of major authorities on the subject at hand, so his work is a guide to Greek and Roman thinking about the heavens.

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Book SynopsisIn his Life of Apollonius Philostratus (second to third century AD) chronicles the miracles of first-century AD teacher, religious reformer, and perceived rival to Jesus of Nazareth, Apollonius of Tyana.Trade ReviewJones has produced a superlative edition. Loebs are hard to get right. A good Loeb should (if we are honest) be easily usable as a clandestine crib for the (lazy, hurried, or linguistically challenged) reader who wants to translate the Greek with an eye on the English; at the same time, it should meet exacting standards of scholarship. Jones's is accessible and erudite. His discussion of how he has established his text is fuller and clearer than most, and allows the non-specialist to take some pleasure in the detective work involved in the process; in tracing, for example, Richard Bentley's marginalia preserved in his copy of a previous edition. The text is judicious and the translation stylishly capture's the sophist's rhetorical range. It is based on, but betters, Christopher Jones's abridged translation for Penguin Classics, published in 1970. It is a good read in its own right: no mean feat. Excellent introductory material and maps help chart Apollonius's imaginary journey. He may no longer be worshipped (except in the wackier corners of cyberspace), but nonetheless we can rightly say: Apollonius Lives! -- Helen Morales * Times Literary Supplement *This new Loeb edition of Apollonius...fulfills admirably the aims of this series...The introduction, as one would expect from Jones, touches upon all the important features of this rich text and reflects great familiarity with the scholarship in all fields--from history and literature to philosophy and theology--which have been concerned with it. -- Owen Hodkinson * Classical Bulletin *

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Book SynopsisCicero’s letters to friends span the period from 62 BC, when his political career was at its peak, to 43 BC, when he was put to death by the victorious Triumvirs.

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Book SynopsisCicero’s letters to friends span the period from 62 BC, when his political career was at its peak, to 43 BC, when he was put to death by the victorious Triumvirs.

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Book SynopsisCicero’s letters to friends span the period from 62 BC, when his political career was at its peak, to 43 BC, when he was put to death by the victorious Triumvirs.

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Book SynopsisEnquiry into Plants and De Causis Plantarum by Theophrastus (ca. 370ca. 285 BC) are a counterpart to Aristotle's zoological work and the most important botanical work of antiquity now extant. In the latter Theophrastus turns to plant physiology.

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Book SynopsisThe major works by Josephus are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BC to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to AD 66. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.

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Book SynopsisEuripides (ca. 485–406 BC) has been prized in every age for his emotional and intellectual drama. Eighteen of his ninety or so plays survive complete, including Medea, Hippolytus, and Bacchae, one of the great masterpieces of the tragic genre. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.

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Book SynopsisThe major works by Josephus are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BC to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to AD 66. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.

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Book SynopsisThe major works by Josephus are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BC to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to AD 66. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.

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Book SynopsisThe major works by Josephus are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BC to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to AD 66. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.

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Book SynopsisThe surviving works of the Roman Emperor Julian “the Apostate” (331 or 332–363 CE) include eight Orations; Misopogon (Beard-hater), assailing the morals of the people of Antioch; more than eighty Letters; and fragments of Against the Galileans, written mainly to show that the Old Testament lacks evidence for the idea of Christianity.

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Book SynopsisThe only extant work by Livy is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BC. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain.

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Book SynopsisJapan's merchant capital in the late sixteenth century, Osaka remained an industrial center into the 1930s, developing a distinct urban culture to rival Tokyo's. Osaka Modern maps the city as imagined in Japanese popular literature and cinemaas well as contemporary radio, television, music, and comedyfrom the 1920s to the 1950s.

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Book SynopsisBy helping readers understand the financial history of this period and the way banking shaped the society in which ordinary Americans lived and worked, this book broadens and deepens our knowledge of the Early American Republic.Trade ReviewThis is a brisk, well-researched tour of how the American finance and banking sector got its start.—Financial HistoryMurphy has provided what should be the go-to source for anyone looking to understand the differences among savings banks, investment banks, and commercial banks in pre-Civil War America; to know what it meant for banks to provide discounts on commercial paper; and to know what terms like fractional reserve, independent treasury, bimetallism, shinplasters, wildcat banks, and bills of exchange meant.—Civil War Book ReviewMurphy has written what this financial historian considers a sound and reliable introductory or companion text to early American banking that is both engaging and easy-to-read, and at the same time broadly consistent with recent economic research on the topics covered.—EH.netIt [Other People's Money] does much to further our understanding of an important feature of international capital markets, and it raises crucial policy issues.—EH.NetThe strengths of this work are numerous. In addition to narrating some intriguing vignettes on Abigail Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Herman Melville, this book contains a fascinating array of cartoons and images of credit instruments, many of which are drawn from the author’s extensive personal collection. Murphy’s writing is also straightforward; her analysis, insightful.—Common-PlaceI recommend Other People’s Money highly to anyone seeking a brief but accurate introduction to this fascinating era in banking and monetary history.—Business History ReviewOther People’s Money is a beautifully written book on “how banking worked in the early American Republic.” Part of Johns Hopkins University Press’s How Things Worked series, the target audience for this book is undergraduates studying U.S. history or economic history. The book condenses a large literature from American history and economic history as well as contemporary material from periodicals and novels into an interdisciplinary narrative of the political battles over money and banking from the early Republic to the Civil War. Murphy’s book shows that the politics of money shaped how money worked.—Jane Knodell, University of Vermont, Enterprise and SocietyIt is difficult to overstate the quality of Murphy's work. Other People's Money is an outstanding contribution that brilliantly accomplishes the herculean task of digesting the complexities of banking in the early republic. Moreover, Murphy manages to convey these points clearly in immensely readable prose. Helpful for both the layperson and the scholar, this book deserves a place on syllabi and the bookshelves of anyone with an interest in capitalism during this period. Murphy reminds the reader that the story of American banking has a long and complex history, and this erudite study does an excellent job of explaining that complexity in accessible terms.—Aaron L. Chin, University of New Hampshire, American Nineteenth Century HistoryThe real strength of Other People's Money can be found in its clear explanation of early American banking. Murphy makes a complex topic simple, but her treatment is anything but simplistic . . . Because of the book's engaging and lively discussions, I suspect that if it is assigned in classrooms Other People's Money will inspire more than a few students to dive more deeply into the complex and fascinating world of early American banking history.—Andrew J. B. Fagal, Princeton University, Journal of American HistoryTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPrologue. How the Bank War Worked1. How Money Worked2. How Banks Worked3. How Panics Worked4. Experiments in Money and Banking5. How Civil War Finance WorkedConclusion. Andrew Jackson, Other People's Money, and the Creation of the Federal ReserveEpilogue. Why Is Andrew Jackson Harriet Tubman on the $20 Bill?NotesSuggested Further ReadingIndex

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Book SynopsisAulus Gellius in Attic Nights (Gellius began to write these pieces during stays in Athens) composed a collection of short chapters about notable events, words and questions of literary style, lives of historical figures, legal points, and philosophical issues that served as instructive light reading for cultivated Romans.

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Book SynopsisDio Cassius (Cassius Dio), ca. AD 150–235, was born in Bithynia. Dio’s work is a vital source for the last years of the Roman republic and the first four Roman emperors.

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Book SynopsisThe major works by Josephus are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BC to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to AD 66. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.

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Book SynopsisThe great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BC and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.

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Book SynopsisReagan’s Legacy in a World Transformed offers a timely retrospective on the fortieth president’s policies and impact on today’s world, from the influence of free market ideas on economic globalization, to the role of an assertive military in U.S. foreign policy, to reduction of nuclear arsenals in the interest of stability.Trade ReviewJeffrey Chidester and Paul Kengor have assembled an outstanding set of analysts to examine the presidency and ongoing impact of Ronald Reagan, who continues to stand as one of the most important political figures of the twentieth century. These authors may differ on how Reagan changed the world, but they leave little question that he did. -- Andrew E. Busch, Claremont McKenna CollegeChidester and Kengor have produced a volume that captures the life, leadership, and legacy of President Ronald Reagan on the world stage. For those who knew and worked with President Reagan, these essays will be a reminder of a great leader and significant accomplishments. For students and those seeking to learn about Ronald Reagan, this work both lays the foundation and provides deep understanding. -- Stewart D. McLaurin, The White House Historical Association

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Book SynopsisIn the didactic poetry of Face Cosmetics, Art of Love, and Remedies for Love, Ovid (43 BC–AD 17) demonstrates abstrusity and wit. His Ibis is an elegiac curse-poem. Nux, Halieutica, and Consolatio ad Liviam are poems now judged not to be by Ovid.

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Book SynopsisBasil the Great was born into a family noted for piety. About 360 he founded a convent in Pontus and in 370 succeeded Eusebius in the archbishopric of Caesarea. His reform of monastic life in the east is the basis of modern Greek and Slavonic monasteries.

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Book SynopsisHistorical works by Bede (672 or 673–735) include his Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, Lives of the Abbots of Bede’s monastery, accounts of Cuthbert, and the Letter to Egbert, Bede’s pupil.

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