History of science Books

Book SynopsisContaining more than 1,200 new entries on both major and minor figures of British science, this four-volume dictionary examines how the theories and practices of scientists were shaped by Victorian beliefs about religion, gender, imperialism, and politics, presenting a rich panorama of the development of science in the nineteenth.

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Book SynopsisDrawing on the work of Foucault and Bourdieu, this book sets out to illuminate the practical imagination as it was exhibited in the transformation of the political and social sciences during 19th-century Germany. Using information from many sources, it examines the learned disciplines of the time.Table of ContentsList of Tables and Figures Acknowledgments Introduction: A Theoretical Framework 1: The Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Background: Classification 2: The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era, 1789-1815: Assimilation 3: The Sciences of State at Their Height, 1815-1840: Deliberation 4: A Period of Transition, 1840-1866: Variation 5: A Truncated Revival, 1866-1890: Organized Research and Charisma 6: The Wilhelminian Era, 1890-1914: Specialization and Clarification Epilogue Appendix: The Data from University Catalogues Abbreviations Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisExamines the ways in which place and space matter in a variety of revolutionary situations. The authors assemble a set of essays that uncover not only the geography of revolutions but also the role of geography in revolutions.

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Book SynopsisAs recently as two hundred years ago, physics as we know it today did not exist. Born in the early nineteenth century during the second scientific revolution, physics struggled at first to achieve legitimacy in the scientific community and culture at large. In fact, the term physicist did not appear in English until the 1830s. When Physics Became King traces the emergence of this revolutionary science, demonstrating how a discipline that barely existed in 1800 came to be regarded a century later as the ultimate key to unlocking nature's secrets. A cultural history designed to provide a big-picture view, the book ably ties advances in the field to the efforts of physicists who worked to win social acceptance for their research. Beginning his tale with the rise of physics from natural philosophy, Iwan Morus chronicles the emergence of mathematical physics in France and its later export to England and Germany. He then elucidates the links between physics and industrialism, the technology of statistical mechanics, and the establishment of astronomical laboratories and precision measurement tools. His tale ends on the eve of the First World War, when physics had firmly established itself in both science and society. Scholars of both history and physics will enjoy this fascinating and studied look at the emergence of a major scientific discipline.

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Book SynopsisIn this fascinating work, Jean Dietz Moss shows how the scientific revolution begun by Copernicus brought about another revolution as well--one in which rhetoric, previously used simply to explain scientific thought, became a tool for persuading a skeptical public of the superiority of the Copernican system. Moss describes the nature of dialectical and rhetorical discourse in the period of the Copernican debate to shed new light on the argumentative strategies used by the participants. Against the background of Ptolemy's Almagest, she analyzes the gradual increase of rhetoric beginning with Copernicus's De Revolutionibus and Galileo's Siderius nuncius, through Galileo's debates with the Jesuits Scheiner and Grassi, to the most persuasive work of all, Galileo's Dialogue. The arguments of the Dominicans Bruno and Campanella, the testimony of Johannes Kepler, and the pleas of Scriptural exegetes and the speculations of John Wilkins furnish a counterpoint to the writings of Galileo, the centerpiece of this study. The author places the controversy within its historical frame, creating a coherent narrative movement. She illuminates the reactions of key ecclesiastical and academic figures figures and the general public to the issues. Blending history and rhetorical analysis, this first study to look at rhetoric as defined by sixteenth- and seventeenth-century participants is an original contribution to our understanding of the use of persuasion as an instrument of scientific debate.Table of ContentsChapter 1: The Expansion of Rhetoric into Science Part One: The Celestial Revolution Chapter 2: Copernicus' Revolutionary Thesis Chapter 3: Evidence from the Heavens: Galileo and Kepler Chapter 4: The Significance of the Sunspot Quarrel Part Two: The Hermeneutical Crisis Chapter 5: Interpreting Scripture Chapter 6: Dominicans on the Side of Galileo Chapter Chapter 7: Galileo's Appeal to the Church Part Three: The Triumph of Rhetoric Chapter 8: The Delicate Balance: Galileo versus Grassi Chapter 9: The Final Salve: Galileo's Dialogue Chapter 10: Galileo Interpreted for Englishmen Postscript: Dialectic and Rhetoric in Modern Science

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Book SynopsisTracing the development of population genetics through the writings of such luminaries as Darwin, Galton, Pearson, Fisher, Haldane and Wright, this text sheds light on this complex field as well as its bearing on other branches of biology.

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Trade Review“Environmental historian Keogh charts the history of the Wardian case, a traveling greenhouse, in his fascinating debut. . . . Any gardener fascinated by history will find this well-told story fruitful.” * Publishers Weekly *“Explores how a humble box made of wood and glass changed the course of world history. . . . [A] well-balanced, thoughtful account. . . . Keogh carefully teases out the connections between this innovation and its multiple consequences. . . . An in-depth study that will suit detail-oriented gardeners and natural history buffs.” * Kirkus Reviews *"An airtight box built in the late 1820s of glass panes and a wooden frame, the Wardian case was ingenious in its construction and application. Its inventor, an amiable English physician and amateur botanist named Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, discovered that plants rooted in moist soil, then hermetically sealed in the box, and that box placed in a sunny location, could grow for weeks, even months, with little maintenance. . . . Keogh tracks the preeminent role, for better or worse, that the Wardian case played over the next century, first in the creation of many of the world’s major botanic gardens, then in the development of a massive international market for nonnative plants, resulting in the colonization of nations for the cultivation of cash crops and the often-ruinous spread of plant pests, diseases, and invasive species. If the Wardian case has long been abandoned for the air-freighting of plant material, Keogh's bittersweet history reveals just how impactful that simple box remains today." * Booklist *“In The Wardian Case, Keogh covers the Ripping Yarns-style consequences of its use: from plant hunters sending back specimens to British nurseries and a gardening public hungry for new ornamental species such as rhododendrons, camellias and fuchsias, the huge economic benefits for empire builders—not only the British (including in Keogh’s native Australia) but French and German and the new territories of the United States. Commercial agricultural crops such as coffee, cocoa, tea, rubber, bananas, and cinchona (from which antimalarial quinine made) were transplanted to continents far from their native home. And, very much in tune with today’s gimlet revisionist eye on colonial history, Keogh examines the dark side of this. While the colonists and investors may have reaped the benefits of these new plantations (sometimes with crops smuggled from their home countries), the indigenous people lost their precious lands to mile-after-mile of monoculture, and were often used as indentured labor in the harshest of conditions.” * Daily Telegraph *"Engrossing, well-illustrated. . . . The tires on your car. The tea in your cup. The exotic plants in your garden or decorating your home. These and many more everyday items that have become part of our lives trace their roots to Ward’s eureka moment. But Keogh’s meticulous, globe-trotting investigation is a sobering reminder of the profound impact humans have had on the planet simply by moving plants." -- Dean Jobb * The Scotsman *"Keogh presents the remarkable story of this chance discovery and its world-changing effects. If you are already familiar with Wardian cases, you’ll be delighted with this opportunity to learn the fascinating history of their discovery and development. And if you’re unfamiliar with them, this book will introduce you to one of the most on-the-surface mundane but in reality most world-changing technological innovations of the nineteenth century." -- Johannes E. Riutta * Well-read Naturalist *"Keogh’s book, the first to discuss the Wardian case, really explains how this invention drove the revolution in plant relocation. He steps back through time to paint a vivid picture of Dr. Ward, his associations with both amateur and professional horticulturalists, and how the exploration in remote regions of the world—along with the successful transportation of then-unknown plants—forever changed our botanical world. Of course, nineteenth-century imperialism reared its ugly head during this era and that too is addressed by Keogh. Whether you are interested in collections of rare orchids, the history of quinine plantations, expansion of tea growing regions in the world, or the early days of rubber trees, this book covers it all in amazing well-researched detail. Our world has been changed dramatically due to this one invention, and for that reason alone it is well worth reading about." -- Elaine Holden * Monadnock Ledger-Transcript *"The Wardian case was nothing more than a simple wooden box. Yet it’s no exaggeration to say that this box literally changed the world we live in. Now an Aussie environmental historian has chronicled its remarkable history in an entertaining new book. If you’re a sucker for tales about early plant explorers (as I am) this is an eye-opening read. It made me realize the debt we gardeners owe to Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, a medical doctor and amateur botanist who devised the box (a forerunner to the modern terrarium) to help plants survive in the dirty air of Victorian London. . . . Predictably, all the botanical bustling about the globe had a downside. Invasive species spread too and the soil used in the boxes transported myriad diseases and bugs. But what happened makes a great story, and Keogh tells it well. The photos are also fascinating." * Trellis *"Keogh documents many such examples of desirable plant translocations: tea, bananas, fever bark, orchids, cacao, and others of horticultural interest. Alongside the desirable plants, pests were also moved, and such global ecological alteration is also part of the story. Keogh details these plant introductions and related scientific studies, set within the cultural and expeditionary context of a network of influential scientists, colonists of varied circumstances, and government colonizers, along with biographical notes on the plant explorers whose efforts were critical to these ventures. Recommended." * Choice *"The Wardian Case is abundantly illustrated, meticulously researched and evidence-based—more than thirty pages of detailed notes supplement the text—and engagingly written. Keogh is to be congratulated on bringing the story of this humble, but world-changing, box to greater prominence and to the attention of all, and adding to the debate about botanical Imperialism. This is powerful plants-and-people fare!" * Botany One *"Keogh’s research resurrects a vanished technology and makes possible a new set of questions about the events it silently witnessed." * Victorian Studies *Top 10 Books of 2020 * American Horticultural Society *“Gutenberg’s printing press, Bell’s telephone, and the Wrights’ flying machine transformed the world. So did Nathaniel Ward’s revolutionary plant box. The Wardian Case is brilliantly researched and fairly presents dual legacies of botanical introduction and unintended consequence.” -- Michael Dosmann, keeper of the Living Collections, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University“The Wardian Case gives us profuse examples of how the case made possible some of the important botanical introductions into Europe and other countries, and how it was used (successfully and less so) in practice. We learn how the case evolved and changed after Ward died in 1868. Then there are the problems caused by transporting plants and their soil around the world, leading to invasive plants and animals. Along the way we hear about various botanical journeys and expeditions and some of the movements of important crop plants, such as rubber, bananas, tea, and cinchona. Fresh, fascinating, and largely untold, the story of nineteenth-century surgeon and naturalist Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, his ‘big’ invention, and its impact on the world then and now deserves the kind of scholarship Keogh provides.” -- Tim Entwisle, director and chief executive, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria (Australia)“The Wardian Case explores how a seemingly mundane piece of Victorian technology has transformed global environments, in large ways and small, by facilitating the global exchange of living plants. Detailed and nuanced, it is not just the history of an object, but also of a national and then global network of people interested in long-distance plant transfers. It shows how the Wardian case helped create new kinds of social, biological, and ecological connections between distant parts of the world, from the early nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century. Keogh’s writing is vivid and lively, and the book sparkles when he describes Ward’s houses and his broader world. Elsewhere it is filled with rich images—of children in India struggling to carry heavy Wardian cases, of Japanese carpenters trying to figure out how to build a Wardian case, of new species of worms from Southeast Asia appearing in Kew, and of the author’s own encounter with the ecological legacy of the Wardian case, with his sons on a beach in Australia. Engaging and accessible, this is a significant contribution.” -- Stuart McCook, University of Guelph, author of "Coffee Is Not Forever: A Global History of the Coffee Leaf Rust""The Wardian Case, with its quality illustrations, informative graphs and maps, together with clear and vivid prose, makes it an insightful read and a valuable contribution to the field of environmental history. It brings to the fore the ecological legacy of the Wardian case – today’s world of cash-crop plantations and plant diseases that threaten native species. In short, it deserves a wide readership both inside and outside academia." * History Australia *Table of ContentsIntroduction Part 1. Possibilities 1. Experiments with Plants 2. A Brief History of the Plant Box 3. Global Gardens 4. Science at Sea 5. On the Move 6. House of Ward Part 2. Panoramas 7. Logistics of Beauty 8. Kew’s Case 9. Case of Colonialism 10. Burning Questions 11. Wardian Cages Conclusion: Case Closed? Acknowledgments Notes Index

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Book SynopsisOffers a social history of Chinese paleoanthropology and a cultural - and at times comparative - history of assumptions and debates about what it means to be human. Focusing on issues that push against the boundaries of science and politics, this book offers an innovative approach to modern Chinese history and the history of science.Trade Review"This is one of the few books on science in twentieth-century China, a burgeoning area of research, and the first book on popular science in China. The People's Peking Man unquestionably breaks new ground." - Fa-ti Fan, Binghamton University"

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"In its ambitious scope and humanistic approach, the book is an excellent example of the erudite scholarship that traces the emergence and mutability of an earthly imagination manifest in changing cartographic practices over time. . . . There is, for example, a brilliant exposé of how, in Renaissance Europe, the dissection of the mantle by mapmakers echoed the contemporaneous slicing open and pinning back of the tissues of the human body in anatomical science. . . . As an account of ideas and artifacts The Mantle of the Earth provides a sweeping backdrop to current-day scientific technologies and practices." -- Deborah P. Dixon * Science *"Although appropriated by geophysics the Mantle of the Earth has a much longer history magnificently narrated by della Dora. She gives to the critical zones a much richer mythical dimension combining metaphors of weaving and unveiling all the way to Gaia. A masterpiece." -- Bruno Latour"della Dora unfolds a sweeping history of geographical imaginations that shows indelibly how constructions of global space are bound up with the epistemological presumptions and social preoccupations of the periods in which they emerge. The book will be indispensable for cultural historians of cartography and environmental thought as well as rewarding for scholars of the specific cultural contexts that feature in the genealogies. Further,The Mantle of the Earth has resonances beyond scholarship in that it holds out alternative ways of contemplating the earth against a backdrop of global environmental change." * Imago Mundi *"The Earth's mantle constitutes a major concept in modern geosciences.. Veronica Della Dora's book invites us to go beyond our modern definitions of the object to explore the genealogy of the term." * Metascience *“Probing the constellation of meanings that the earth’s mantle has thrown up in European and North American history from antiquity to the present day, della Dora offers nothing less than a genealogy of our attitudes to the earth and its environments. Polyglot, profound, and at times poetic, The Mantle of the Earth is an astonishing intellectual history with vital resonances to our present planetary condition.” -- Robert J. Mayhew, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol“The Mantle of the Earth is an exceptional book. Thoroughly researched, endlessly interesting, and beautifully written, it takes a notion that seems straightforward and explores it in multiple insightful and productive ways. Its breadth is quite extraordinary. Della Dora also wears her learning lightly, until you start looking at the notes, which are staggeringly erudite. Fabulous.” -- Stuart Elden, University of Warwick, author of "The Birth of Territory," "Shakespearean Territories," and "Canguilhem"“An ambitious, wide-ranging, and detailed inquiry into a compellingly evident (yet underexamined) topic, namely, the metaphor of the earth’s mantle (or veil) and the intellectual genealogy and representational geography of this term. Notions of fabrication—in weaving; in the textures of surfaces; and in maps, as veils and as substantive forms of earthly representation—are employed with ease and insight. Clear, with hardly a word of jargon and numerous well-chosen illustrations that help illuminate the text, The Mantle of the Earth is impressive in its scholarly depth and range.” -- Charles W. J. Withers, Geographer Royal for Scotland, professor emeritus, University of EdinburgTable of ContentsIntroduction: On Mantles, Maps, and MetaphorsPart I: Clothing Creation 1. Mythical Cloaks 2. Biblical and Byzantine Garments 3. Medieval VerniclesPart II: Unveiling Space 4. Renaissance Stage Curtains 5. Drapes, Lights, and Shadows 6. Romantic VeilsPart III: The Surfaces of Modernity 7. The Surfaces of Geography 8. Pierced Surfaces and Parted Veils 9. The Green MantlePart IV: Weaving Worlds 10. Cartographic Embroideries 11. The Digital Skin Epilogue Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“Environmental historian Keogh charts the history of the Wardian case, a traveling greenhouse, in his fascinating debut. . . . Any gardener fascinated by history will find this well-told story fruitful.” * Publishers Weekly *“Explores how a humble box made of wood and glass changed the course of world history. . . . [A] well-balanced, thoughtful account. . . . Keogh carefully teases out the connections between this innovation and its multiple consequences. . . . An in-depth study that will suit detail-oriented gardeners and natural history buffs.” * Kirkus Reviews *"An airtight box built in the late 1820s of glass panes and a wooden frame, the Wardian case was ingenious in its construction and application. Its inventor, an amiable English physician and amateur botanist named Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, discovered that plants rooted in moist soil, then hermetically sealed in the box, and that box placed in a sunny location, could grow for weeks, even months, with little maintenance. . . . Keogh tracks the preeminent role, for better or worse, that the Wardian case played over the next century, first in the creation of many of the world’s major botanic gardens, then in the development of a massive international market for nonnative plants, resulting in the colonization of nations for the cultivation of cash crops and the often-ruinous spread of plant pests, diseases, and invasive species. If the Wardian case has long been abandoned for the air-freighting of plant material, Keogh's bittersweet history reveals just how impactful that simple box remains today." * Booklist *“In The Wardian Case, Keogh covers the Ripping Yarns-style consequences of its use: from plant hunters sending back specimens to British nurseries and a gardening public hungry for new ornamental species such as rhododendrons, camellias and fuchsias, the huge economic benefits for empire builders—not only the British (including in Keogh’s native Australia) but French and German and the new territories of the United States. Commercial agricultural crops such as coffee, cocoa, tea, rubber, bananas, and cinchona (from which antimalarial quinine made) were transplanted to continents far from their native home. And, very much in tune with today’s gimlet revisionist eye on colonial history, Keogh examines the dark side of this. While the colonists and investors may have reaped the benefits of these new plantations (sometimes with crops smuggled from their home countries), the indigenous people lost their precious lands to mile-after-mile of monoculture, and were often used as indentured labor in the harshest of conditions.” * Daily Telegraph *"Engrossing, well-illustrated. . . . The tires on your car. The tea in your cup. The exotic plants in your garden or decorating your home. These and many more everyday items that have become part of our lives trace their roots to Ward’s eureka moment. But Keogh’s meticulous, globe-trotting investigation is a sobering reminder of the profound impact humans have had on the planet simply by moving plants." -- Dean Jobb * The Scotsman *"Keogh presents the remarkable story of this chance discovery and its world-changing effects. If you are already familiar with Wardian cases, you’ll be delighted with this opportunity to learn the fascinating history of their discovery and development. And if you’re unfamiliar with them, this book will introduce you to one of the most on-the-surface mundane but in reality most world-changing technological innovations of the nineteenth century." -- Johannes E. Riutta * Well-read Naturalist *"Keogh’s book, the first to discuss the Wardian case, really explains how this invention drove the revolution in plant relocation. He steps back through time to paint a vivid picture of Dr. Ward, his associations with both amateur and professional horticulturalists, and how the exploration in remote regions of the world—along with the successful transportation of then-unknown plants—forever changed our botanical world. Of course, nineteenth-century imperialism reared its ugly head during this era and that too is addressed by Keogh. Whether you are interested in collections of rare orchids, the history of quinine plantations, expansion of tea growing regions in the world, or the early days of rubber trees, this book covers it all in amazing well-researched detail. Our world has been changed dramatically due to this one invention, and for that reason alone it is well worth reading about." -- Elaine Holden * Monadnock Ledger-Transcript *"The Wardian case was nothing more than a simple wooden box. Yet it’s no exaggeration to say that this box literally changed the world we live in. Now an Aussie environmental historian has chronicled its remarkable history in an entertaining new book. If you’re a sucker for tales about early plant explorers (as I am) this is an eye-opening read. It made me realize the debt we gardeners owe to Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, a medical doctor and amateur botanist who devised the box (a forerunner to the modern terrarium) to help plants survive in the dirty air of Victorian London. . . . Predictably, all the botanical bustling about the globe had a downside. Invasive species spread too and the soil used in the boxes transported myriad diseases and bugs. But what happened makes a great story, and Keogh tells it well. The photos are also fascinating." * Trellis *"Keogh documents many such examples of desirable plant translocations: tea, bananas, fever bark, orchids, cacao, and others of horticultural interest. Alongside the desirable plants, pests were also moved, and such global ecological alteration is also part of the story. Keogh details these plant introductions and related scientific studies, set within the cultural and expeditionary context of a network of influential scientists, colonists of varied circumstances, and government colonizers, along with biographical notes on the plant explorers whose efforts were critical to these ventures. Recommended." * Choice *"The Wardian Case is abundantly illustrated, meticulously researched and evidence-based—more than thirty pages of detailed notes supplement the text—and engagingly written. Keogh is to be congratulated on bringing the story of this humble, but world-changing, box to greater prominence and to the attention of all, and adding to the debate about botanical Imperialism. This is powerful plants-and-people fare!" * Botany One *"Keogh’s research resurrects a vanished technology and makes possible a new set of questions about the events it silently witnessed." * Victorian Studies *Top 10 Books of 2020 * American Horticultural Society *“Gutenberg’s printing press, Bell’s telephone, and the Wrights’ flying machine transformed the world. So did Nathaniel Ward’s revolutionary plant box. The Wardian Case is brilliantly researched and fairly presents dual legacies of botanical introduction and unintended consequence.” -- Michael Dosmann, keeper of the Living Collections, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University“The Wardian Case gives us profuse examples of how the case made possible some of the important botanical introductions into Europe and other countries, and how it was used (successfully and less so) in practice. We learn how the case evolved and changed after Ward died in 1868. Then there are the problems caused by transporting plants and their soil around the world, leading to invasive plants and animals. Along the way we hear about various botanical journeys and expeditions and some of the movements of important crop plants, such as rubber, bananas, tea, and cinchona. Fresh, fascinating, and largely untold, the story of nineteenth-century surgeon and naturalist Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, his ‘big’ invention, and its impact on the world then and now deserves the kind of scholarship Keogh provides.” -- Tim Entwisle, director and chief executive, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria (Australia)“The Wardian Case explores how a seemingly mundane piece of Victorian technology has transformed global environments, in large ways and small, by facilitating the global exchange of living plants. Detailed and nuanced, it is not just the history of an object, but also of a national and then global network of people interested in long-distance plant transfers. It shows how the Wardian case helped create new kinds of social, biological, and ecological connections between distant parts of the world, from the early nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century. Keogh’s writing is vivid and lively, and the book sparkles when he describes Ward’s houses and his broader world. Elsewhere it is filled with rich images—of children in India struggling to carry heavy Wardian cases, of Japanese carpenters trying to figure out how to build a Wardian case, of new species of worms from Southeast Asia appearing in Kew, and of the author’s own encounter with the ecological legacy of the Wardian case, with his sons on a beach in Australia. Engaging and accessible, this is a significant contribution.” -- Stuart McCook, University of Guelph, author of "Coffee Is Not Forever: A Global History of the Coffee Leaf Rust""The Wardian Case, with its quality illustrations, informative graphs and maps, together with clear and vivid prose, makes it an insightful read and a valuable contribution to the field of environmental history. It brings to the fore the ecological legacy of the Wardian case – today’s world of cash-crop plantations and plant diseases that threaten native species. In short, it deserves a wide readership both inside and outside academia." * History Australia *Table of ContentsIntroduction Part 1. Possibilities 1. Experiments with Plants 2. A Brief History of the Plant Box 3. Global Gardens 4. Science at Sea 5. On the Move 6. House of Ward Part 2. Panoramas 7. Logistics of Beauty 8. Kew’s Case 9. Case of Colonialism 10. Burning Questions 11. Wardian Cages Conclusion: Case Closed? Acknowledgments Notes Index

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Book SynopsisMount Vesuvius has been famous ever since its eruption in 79 CE, when it destroyed and buried the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. In this title, the author argues that this investigation and engagement with Vesuvius was paramount to the development of modern volcanology.Trade Review"Watching Vesuvius explores the question of Vesuvius as an object of study in the early modern science of volcanism from the investigations and opinions of humanists and naturalists in the late Renaissance to the early eighteenth-century philosophizing on volcanoes and the development of geology later in the century. Around this history of science, Sean Cocco weaves a deep cultural history of the relationship between nature and culture in the theories and practices of the peoples in the city of Naples." (John A. Marino, University of California, San Diego)"

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Book SynopsisSuitable for scholars and general readers alike, this title brings together the story of deception in American commercial culture with its growing use in the discipline of psychology. It reveals how deception came to be something that psychologists studied and also employed to establish their authority.Trade Review"What if psychology was not just the heir of philosophy or physiology, as so many disciplinary histories have implied, but instead emerged through an engagement with the deceptive practices of the marketplace, from the 'low' humbuggery of carnival shows to the duplicity of corporate managers? Michael Pettit's wide-ranging and entertaining book maps out this alternative cultural history of American psychology in compelling terms." (Ken Alder, author of The Lie Detectors: The History of an American Obsession)"

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Book SynopsisA critical assay of the rhetorical and cultural obstacles faced by women scientistsTrade Review"Recommended."--Choice"Jack does an excellent job of expanding notions of genre, arguing that scientific genres not only regulated gender norms and determined access to knowledge and expertise, they also decided who could speak within the academy and whose work was considered valuable."--Rhetoric & Public Affairs"Jordynn Jack is the first to tell in splendid detail what opportunities existed during World War II for scientific women, what they accomplished, and what barriers remained. No other books are comparable to this excellent text."--Londa Schiebinger, author of Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science"Jack has worked insightfully through a wide variety of documents that have been less studied, and she introduces important women psychologists, anthropologists, physicists, and nutritionists whose stories have been neglected. A stimulating and compelling work about gender and genre in science."--Ann B. Shteir, coeditor of Figuring It Out: Science, Gender, and Visual CultureTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1. Women Psychologists Forecast Opportunity 13 2. Women Anthropologists Study Japanese Internment 40 3. Women Physicists on the Manhattan Project 71 4. Women Nutritionists on the National Research Council 99 Conclusion: Regendering Scientific Cultures 127 Notes 139 Bibliography 145 Index 159

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Book SynopsisA critical assay of the rhetorical and cultural obstacles faced by women scientistsTrade Review"Recommended."--Choice"Jack does an excellent job of expanding notions of genre, arguing that scientific genres not only regulated gender norms and determined access to knowledge and expertise, they also decided who could speak within the academy and whose work was considered valuable."--Rhetoric & Public Affairs"Jordynn Jack is the first to tell in splendid detail what opportunities existed during World War II for scientific women, what they accomplished, and what barriers remained. No other books are comparable to this excellent text."--Londa Schiebinger, author of Nature's Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science"Jack has worked insightfully through a wide variety of documents that have been less studied, and she introduces important women psychologists, anthropologists, physicists, and nutritionists whose stories have been neglected. A stimulating and compelling work about gender and genre in science."--Ann B. Shteir, coeditor of Figuring It Out: Science, Gender, and Visual CultureTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1. Women Psychologists Forecast Opportunity 13 2. Women Anthropologists Study Japanese Internment 40 3. Women Physicists on the Manhattan Project 71 4. Women Nutritionists on the National Research Council 99 Conclusion: Regendering Scientific Cultures 127 Notes 139 Bibliography 145 Index 159

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Book SynopsisSir Arthur Tansley was the leading figure in ecology for the first half of the 20th century, founding the field, and forming its first professional societies. He was the first President of the British Ecological Society and the first chair of the Field Studies Council. His work as a botanist is considered seminal and he is recognized as one of the giants of ecology throughout the world. Ecology underpins the principles and practices of modern conservation and the maintenance of biodiversity. It explains the causes of, and offers solutions to, problems of climate change. Yet ecology is a young science, barely 100 years old. Its origins lie in phytogeography, the naming and mapping of plants. Shaping Ecology is a book about a multi-faceted man whose friends included Bertrand Russell, Marie Stopes, Julian Huxley, GM Trevelyan, and Solly Zuckerman. Historical context is provided by Tansley''s family for his parents moved in the Fabian-socialist world of John Ruskin and OcTrade Review“In conclusion, this book is well written and it is easy to locate specific information on Tansley and the broader contexts of his work throughout the book.” (The British Journal for the History of Science, 1 June 2014) “Ayres’s book shows how one man was able to create whole climates of opinion as well as a new discipline; it is warmly recommended.” (Archives of Natural history, 1 August 2013) “Despite hints of Tansley’s personal complexity, we are left with an appreciation of his remarkable professional legacy that continues to foster scientific alliances and conservation of nature. ” (Ecology, 1 April 2013) “To all of us who cherish such wild places in modern Britain, as this book reveals, we owe Tansley a great debt.” (The Biologist, 1 June 2013) “A valuable acquisition for institutions with programs in ecology, botany, environmental sciences, or history of science. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Academic and general readers, all levels.” (Choice, 1 March 2013) “It is directed at ecologists, but it is a straightforward biography and, as such, deserves to be widely read.” (Journal of Insect Conservervation, 8 July 2012) Table of ContentsList of Figures vi Foreword viii Preface and Acknowledgements x 1 Kingley Vale: Worth Fighting For 1 2 The Origins of Ecology 15 3 George Tansley, Christian Socialism, and the Working Men's College 20 4 Highgate School, University College, London, and Trinity College, Cambridge 38 5 Teaching at University College, the Chicks, and Marriage to Edith 48 6 Seashores and Woodlands: Looking for Patterns 60 7 The Managing Director of British Ecology 80 8 Disillusion and Disaffection 101 9 The Oxford Years, 1927-1937 122 10 The Magnum Opus, Grantchester, and Retirement 144 11 The Years of Fulfilment, 1937-1953 155 12 A Detached Liberal Philosopher and Free-thinker 179 References 198 Index 206

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental change is a pressing public issue, and not just in the rich countries of the northern hemisphere. This book seeks to lend some historical depth to debates about modifications of ecological processes, and to explore the global dimensions of the dynamic. It shows how ecology, culture, and market interact to change the value of nature.

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Book SynopsisPowerfully involving narrative and incisive detail, clarity and inherent drama: Blood offers in abundance the qualities that define the best popular science writing. Here is the sweeping story of a substance that has been feared, revered, mythologized, and used in magic and medicine from earliest times--a substance that has become the center of a huge, secretive, and often dangerous worldwide commerce.Winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize, Blood was described by judges as a gripping page-turner, a significant contribution to the history of medicine and technology and a cautionary tale. Meticulously reported and exhaustively documented.

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