History of religion Books

Book SynopsisTrade Review"Readers that are interested in Indian history and current affairs, as well as those curious about the heritage management aspects of a World Heritage designation will surely enjoy this book ." * World Heritage Site Blog *"[W]ith a long and wide-open lens, he explores Bodh Gaya's overlapping histories, governance and land reform struggles, and the religio-ethnic complexities at work in its centuries-old place making...He tacks among the global, national, and hyperlocal forces that have shaped Bodh Gaya's built environment, sought to reclaim India's Buddhist heritage, and formed a dense network of pan-Asian Buddhists that dominate the ritual life of Bodh Gaya, often in tension with local authorities and Hindu and Muslim residents." * American Ethnologist *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Note on Translation and Transliteration Map of Bodh Gaya Introduction 1. The Light of Asia 2. Rebuilding the Navel of the Earth 3. The Afterlife of Zamindari 4. Tourism in the Global Bazaar 5. A Master Plan for World Heritage Conclusion Notes Glossary References Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Readers that are interested in Indian history and current affairs, as well as those curious about the heritage management aspects of a World Heritage designation will surely enjoy this book ." * World Heritage Site Blog *"[W]ith a long and wide-open lens, he explores Bodh Gaya's overlapping histories, governance and land reform struggles, and the religio-ethnic complexities at work in its centuries-old place making...He tacks among the global, national, and hyperlocal forces that have shaped Bodh Gaya's built environment, sought to reclaim India's Buddhist heritage, and formed a dense network of pan-Asian Buddhists that dominate the ritual life of Bodh Gaya, often in tension with local authorities and Hindu and Muslim residents." * American Ethnologist *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Note on Translation and Transliteration Map of Bodh Gaya Introduction 1. The Light of Asia 2. Rebuilding the Navel of the Earth 3. The Afterlife of Zamindari 4. Tourism in the Global Bazaar 5. A Master Plan for World Heritage Conclusion Notes Glossary References Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Buddhas and Ancestors would be an excellent addition in any upper-level undergraduate or graduate class on premodern Korean history, Korean religions, or Buddhism in East Asia." * Journal of Asian Studies *"[A] work of impressive scholarship." * IIAS Newsletter (International Institute for Asian Studies) *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Buddhas and Ancestors would be an excellent addition in any upper-level undergraduate or graduate class on premodern Korean history, Korean religions, or Buddhism in East Asia." * Journal of Asian Studies *"[A] work of impressive scholarship." * IIAS Newsletter (International Institute for Asian Studies) *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Brings a new perspective to considering the dimensions of Jewish modernity from the history of the book. . . . [Ruderman’s] exploration of book marketing as a markedly modern exercise should invite future scholars to conduct comparative research on the role of literary bestsellers in the shaping of modern Judaism." * Journal of Jewish Studies *"Brings us one step closer to a revision of modern Jewish intellectual history, providing us with a window into the myriad ways in which Jewish thought was transformed in modern Western life." * Association for Jewish Studies Review *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Melnick Dyer examines [an] unusual example of female leadership in the traditionally male-dominated world of Buddhist monasticism through an in-depth engagement with Mingyur Peldrön’s life, a story that is characterized by a tension between her female gender and her family privilege." * Journal of Asian Studies *"Dyer’s book is a meticulous analysis of the namthar of an important woman and female saint of the eighteenth century. . . [A] must-read for Tibetologists and historians of religion with an interest in gender. Scholars of Tibetan studies having other areas of specialization should read it as well, for it balances out the image of Tibetan Buddhism as a predominantly male-dominated and male-centered religion. The book is also written in a way that is comprehensible to students and scholars from other fields" * H-Net Reviews *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Melnick Dyer examines [an] unusual example of female leadership in the traditionally male-dominated world of Buddhist monasticism through an in-depth engagement with Mingyur Peldrön’s life, a story that is characterized by a tension between her female gender and her family privilege." * Journal of Asian Studies *"Dyer’s book is a meticulous analysis of the namthar of an important woman and female saint of the eighteenth century. . . [A] must-read for Tibetologists and historians of religion with an interest in gender. Scholars of Tibetan studies having other areas of specialization should read it as well, for it balances out the image of Tibetan Buddhism as a predominantly male-dominated and male-centered religion. The book is also written in a way that is comprehensible to students and scholars from other fields" * H-Net Reviews *

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Book SynopsisThis interdisciplinary collection draws on work in law, anthropology, history, sociology, literature and popular culture to consider contemporary and historical responses to the question: "Who and what is Jewish?"Trade Review"An outstanding collection of essays . . . both scholarly and highly readable . . . It is a quintessential work of Jewish scholarship - the questions are hard and the answers complex, open-ended, and mid-wives of future questions." -- Riv-Ellen Prell * Lilith *"This highly readable co-edited volume . . . . is highly compatible with a critical approach to the study of identity and identity making, a perspective that is increasingly finding its way into the study of identity and identity making scholarship." -- Debra Kaufman * H-Judaic *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction | Who and What Is Jewish?: Controversies and Comparative Perspectives on the Boundaries of Jewish Identity / Susan A. Glenn and Naomi B. Sokoloff 1. Are Genes Jewish?: Conceptual Ambiguities in the New Genetic Age / Susan Martha Kahn 2. Who Is a Jew?: Categories, Boundaries, Communities, and Citizenship Law in Israel / Gad Barzilai 3. Jewish Character?: Stereotype and Identity in Fiction from Israel / Aharon Appelfeld and Sayed Kashua Naomi B. Sokoloff 4. “Funny, You Don’t Look Jewish”: Visual Stereotypes and the Making of Modern Jewish Identity / Susan A. Glenn 5. Blame, Boundaries, and Birthrights: Jewish Intermarriage in Midcentury America / Lila Corwin Berman 6. Boundary Maintenance and Jewish Identity: Comparative and Historical Perspectives / Calvin Goldscheider 7. Good Bad Jews: Converts, Conversion, and Boundary Redrawing in Modern Russian Jewry, Notes toward a New Category / Shulamit S. Magnus 8. “Jewish Like an Adjective”: Confronting Jewish Identities in Contemporary Poland / Erica Lehrer 9. Conversos, Marranos, and Crypto-Latinos: The Jewish Question in the American Southwest (and What It Can Tell Us about Race and Ethnicity) / Jonathan Freedman 10. The Contested Logics of Jewish Identity / Laada Bilaniuk Bibliography Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisDescribing the developments in science and philosophy in the sacred language of Hebrew, the author argued that an intellectual understanding of the cosmos was not at odds with but actually key to achieving spiritual attainment.Trade Review"Brings a new perspective to considering the dimensions of Jewish modernity from the history of the book. . . . [Ruderman’s] exploration of book marketing as a markedly modern exercise should invite future scholars to conduct comparative research on the role of literary bestsellers in the shaping of modern Judaism." * Journal of Jewish Studies *"Brings us one step closer to a revision of modern Jewish intellectual history, providing us with a window into the myriad ways in which Jewish thought was transformed in modern Western life." * Association for Jewish Studies Review *

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Book SynopsisThe Buddhist jatakas recount the Buddha's lives in previous incarnations. In his penultimate incarnation, he appears as the Prince Vessantara, perfecting the virtue of generosity by giving away all his possessions. Taking an anthropological approach to this tale, Katherine Bowie highlights local variations in its interpretations and performances.

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Book SynopsisEmbedded with lively portrayals of historical actors and vivid descriptions of political details, A Spiritual Revolution is the first large-scale effort to fully identify exactly how Western progressive thought influenced the Russian Church.Trade ReviewIvanov breaks new ground in his exploration of the link between Orthodoxy and Protestantism. Theological and political concepts are explained with clarity, and the evolution of abstract ideas is embedded in a lively portrayal of political and social history. It will become the go-to book on Russian Orthodoxy in the eighteenth century." - Alexander M. Martin, author of Enlightened Metropolis: Constructing Imperial Moscow, 1762-1855"Tells a compelling and historiographically important story by way of intellectual and institutional archaeology. Ivanov brings historical nuance to a neglected and generally misunderstood piece of history." - Patrick Lally Michelson, author of Beyond the Monastery Walls: The Ascetic Revolution in Russian Orthodox Thought, 1814-1914

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Book SynopsisHenry VIII's reformation remains among the most crucial yet misunderstood events in English history. This work presents the king as neither confused nor a pawn in the hands of manipulative factions. Henry, a monarch who ruled as well as reigned, is revealed instead as the determining mover of religious policy throughout this momentous period.Trade Review"'This is a brave book, tilting at many windmills, challenging many received ideas. It will certainly stimulate discussion... Everyone interested in the Tudor Reformation will therefore want to read this book.' Eamon Duffy, The Tablet 'If Bernard fails to turn consensus around, it will not bother him too much. Throughout this massively learned book, as in much of his other writing, he is the only one in step... Bernard strikes out on his own, and sees Henry as the guiding light through all this encircling gloom.' Patrick Collinson, London Review of Books 'A model of meticulous research' Alastair Hamilton, Times Literary Supplement 'Professor Bernard writes in elegant trenchant English. He orders a mass of material with lucidity... This massive history, the fruit of a lifetime of research and reflection, is a work of exceptional interest and importance.' The Spectator 'A bold and strikingly original book.' Andrew Pettegree, History Today '... the book is a superb achievement. It advances an extraordinarily skilled understanding of the intricate relationship of religious belief, religious life, political necessity and political opposition. It will infuriate a great many people, but inspire a great many more.' Lucy Wooding, Literary Review"

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Book SynopsisA finalist for the 2020 National Jewish Book Award for scholarship--a broad, systematic account of one of the most original and creative kabbalists, biblical interpreters, and Talmudic scholars the Jewish tradition has ever producedBeautifully written, Moshe Halbertal's groundbreaking book is exceptional in its capability to penetrate to the heart of Nahmanides's thinking and worldview. An admirable achievement.Adam Afterman, Tel Aviv UniversityMagisterial. . . . Halbertal displays here his well-established talent for making abstruse ideas accessible to a non-specialist readership.Los Angeles Review of Books' Marginalia Rabbi Moses b. Nahman (11941270), known in English as Nahmanides, was the greatest Talmudic scholar of the thirteenth century and one of the deepest and most original biblical interpreters. Beyond his monumental scholastic achievements, Nahmanides was a distinguished kabbalist and mystic, and in his commentary on the Torah he dispensed esoteric kabbalistic teachings thTrade ReviewFinalist for the National Jewish Book Award, Scholarship category, sponsored by The Jewish Book Council “Beautifully written, Moshe Halbertal’s groundbreaking book is exceptional in its capability to penetrate to the heart of Nahmanides’s thinking and worldview. An admirable achievement.”—Adam Afterman, Tel Aviv University“Moshe Halbertal masterfully analyzes and synthesizes the thought of a major Jewish intellectual icon. This book is without peer.”—Jonathan Dauber, Yeshiva University“Moshe Halbertal is the lucid expositor of complex ideas par excellence. In this magisterial volume he meets his ideal subject, positioning Nahmanides at the apex of a creative revolution in Jewish thought.”—Elisheva Carlebach, Columbia University “Moshe Halbertal’s splendid book deeply engages Nahmanides's oeuvre. Its comprehensive analysis explores the variegated intellectual activity of one of the pillars of the Jewish Middle Ages, profoundly illuminating Nahmanides's worldview.”—Moshe Idel, author of Kabbalah: New Perspectives

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“Through an incisive and critical analysis of the history of the concept of ‘Jewish Christianity,’ Matt Jackson-McCabe shows persuasively how abandoning the concept enables different voices and social formations to be heard and mapped in their own terms.”—Judith Lieu, University of Cambridge“Future investigations under the rubric of ‘Jewish Christianity’ will be unable to avoid reckoning with the argument of this volume, namely that the category ‘Jewish Christianity’ inevitably encodes a Christian metaphysics of Christianity itself.”—John W. Marshall, University of Toronto“Jackson-McCabe’s Jewish Christianity is a brilliant book, navigating the complex issues surrounding this vexed term with incredible clarity and insight, while providing a cutting-edge vision of how attention to the historiography of modern scholarship can enrich our understanding of religion and identity in both antiquity and modernity.”—Annette Yoshiko Reed, New York University“The term ‘Jewish Christianity’ has always been problematic. This book is a provocative and stimulating plea for an abandoning of the term, in spite of its long history of study, and is sure to engender discussion and reassessment.”—James Carleton Paget, University of Cambridge“In this excellent study, internationally renowned scholar Matt Jackson-McCabe has given us an essential tool for a deeper understanding of Christian origins. An indispensable resource and a must read for anyone interested in Jewish–Christian relations.”—Anders Runesson, University of Oslo

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Book SynopsisThe first comprehensive study of friendship in the Hebrew BibleTrade Review“Saul Olyan has written a truly original work that not only opens up a new area in biblical studies, but creates a full-blown synthesis of the socio-literary field of biblical friendship.”— Ronald Hendel, University of California, Berkeley“Saul Olyan is one of the world’s most consistently insightful scholars of the Hebrew Bible. Here he offers a study of friendship that will prove a helpful companion for anyone curious about what biblical texts reveal about the history of human relationships."—Steven Weitzman, University of Pennsylvania“A learned yet affecting study of a much-overlooked topic by a world-class scholar. Olyan brilliantly demonstrates how in the Hebrew Bible family and friends (and to a lesser extent, treaty partners) manifest similar behaviors. This comprehensive survey will become the standard work on the subject.”—Mark S. Smith, Princeton Theological Seminary“Through an insightful and sensitive reading of the vocabulary of friendship along with an astute analysis of its function in a variety of biblical passages, Olyan illuminates with striking clarity this important but oft-ignored concept.”—Carol Meyers, Duke University“Another groundbreaking study from one of the finest scholars in the field of biblical studies. With Olyan as our expert guide, we learn to rethink our assumptions not only about the biblical texts but also about what it means to be human.”—Jacob L. Wright, Emory University

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Trade ReviewWon honorable mention for the 2015-16 Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies book award. -- Book Award * Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies *Winner of the 2016 John Gilmary Shea Prize, given by the American Catholic Historical Association. -- John Gilmary Shea Prize * American Catholic Historical Association *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“Austin’s examination of Christian attitudes to Jews during the Reformation throws fascinating new light on the turbulent history of early modern Europe. Bringing Catholics as well as Lutherans and Calvinists into his story, Austin shows that virulent anti-Semitism coexisted with a growing interest in the Hebrew language, stimulated by debates about the Bible’s meaning.”—Tony Barber, Financial Times, “Best Books of 2020: History”“Austin’s informative and lucidly written book represents a necessary and important addition to the corpus of scholarship on the fatefully entangled histories of Christianity and Judaism.”—Peter Marshall, Literary Review“The book paints a vivid picture of early modern tolerance. . . . Austin makes a compelling case both for seeing Jewish-Christian relations as fundamental to the Reformation, and for seeing the Reformation as having significantly shaped the course of Jewish-Christian relations.”—Debra Kaplan, Journal of Ecclesiastical History“A comprehensive, fluent, and judicious introduction to every important intellectual, political, and social aspect of the Jewish-Christian relationship in Early Modern Europe. . . . Poses a compelling argument for the complex role of the Jews in Europe’s emerging pluralism.”—Christopher Ocker, author ofLuther, Conflict, and Christendom“Impressively thorough and insightful, Kenneth Austin’s masterful survey calls attention to a long-neglected aspect of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. . . . Engaging, enlightening, and authoritative, The Jews and the Reformation deftly analyses a very complex subject with aplomb, interweaving social and intellectual history with the uncommon flair one finds in all enduring classics.“—Carlos Eire, author of Reformations“Systematically analyses the attitudes of post-Reformation Catholics Lutherans, Calvinists, Anabaptists, to Jews. It’s a fascinating story, well told—and often surprising. Austin shows how varied anti-Semitism could be, and how different religious groupings could take remarkably different positions. The Jews and the Reformation makes it impossible to ignore attitudes to the Jews as part of Reformation history—it transforms the subject.”—Lyndal Roper

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Book SynopsisOverturning the received narrative of Europe's military and religious conquest and colonization of the region, the author contends that rather than acting as passive recipients, Scandinavians converted to Christianity because it was in individual chieftains' political, economic and cultural interests to do so.Trade Review"'Challenging the stereotypical master narrative of zealous evangelicals and active missionaries converting an at best passive, at worst resistant, native heathen population, Winroth is able to substitute a fascinating description of the distinctive political dynamics that characterised all of Western Europe after the barbarian invasions' (Patrick Madigan, Heythrop Journal) 'He is well acquainted with the comprehensive and varied research and guides the reader to synthesizing conclusions and wider perspectives... Winroth has made a fine and stimulating synthesis of Viking Age Scandinavia and its place within European history.' (Thomas Lindkvist, University of Gothenburg, The Journal of English and German Philology) 'Anders Winroth's The Conversion of Scandinavia provides much material to ponder as well as a great deal of information. His meticulous gathering of materials opens new avenues for consideration, while his thoughtful survey of the material will provide guidance for anyone interested in the topic and period.' (Benjamin Hudson, The Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures)"

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Book SynopsisThe first full-length study of the evolution of self and agency in ancient Israelite anthropologyTrade Review“Elegant, learned, accessible and deeply engaging—I couldn’t stop reading. This is a masterfully written text from beginning to end.”—Hindy Najman, University of Oxford“For decades Carol Newsom has enriched exegetical research with her excellent contributions, and this newest book is her crowning jewel. This study of the inner self leads the reader directly to the heart of biblical and Jewish anthropology in antiquity.”—Bernd Janowski, Universität Tübingen“Newsom’s strong philological skills combined with a deep literary sensitivity have made her one of the best biblical scholars of her generation. The present work explores the various means of constructing the self in Second Temple Judaism and offers striking new insights regarding the nature of moral agency.”—Gary Anderson, author of Sin: A History and Charity: The Place of the Poor in the Biblical Tradition“In this innovative and inspiring cultural history of the self in ancient Israel and early Judaism, Carol Newsom expertly combines perceptive reading of the ancient texts with modern discourse on the self and moral agency.”—Eibert Tigchelaar, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven“Newsom presents a wide-ranging look at the human self and moral agency as reflected in biblical and Second Temple texts. She breathes new life into familiar passages from the Psalms and Proverbs, Genesis, Deuteronomy, and Ezekiel. While her approach is rigorously analytical and tightly argued, behind it stands a profoundly moral thinker for whom the Bible remains an essential point of departure.”—James Kugel, author of The Great Shift: Encountering God in Biblical Times “In this groundbreaking study, Newsom unfolds various interpretations of the self and explores the importance of agency in Second Temple literature. This book is masterful, erudite, and instructive: spirited in all the finest ways.”—Christian Frevel, Ruhr-Universität Bochum

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“[A] worthwhile book. . . . [McGuckin] knows how to address a non-Orthodox audience, presenting in a relatively short book most of what needs to be known about two millennia of Christian history.”—Diarmaid MacCulloch, New York Review of Books“McGuckin is consistently energetic and constructively provoking in his narrative . . . [and] offers some first-rate treatments of theology and the ethos of Orthodox worship.”—Rowan Williams, Times Literary Supplement“A triumph. . . . A book that will be read and pondered for decades to come.”—Andrew Louth, Los Angeles Review of Books“A clear, historically and theologically rooted portrait of what the Church is for Orthodox Christianity and how it differs from Western Christians’ expectations.”—John Singleton, Methodist Recorder“As the author of this stimulating and well-written book comments, many histories of the Christian Church produced in the West . . . tell the story often without so much as a nod towards the Eastern Church. This book seeks to remedy the situation by providing not only a history of the Eastern Orthodox Church but also an introduction to its rich traditions of worship, spirituality and theology.”—Paul Richardson, Church of England Newspaper“An engaging, sophisticated yet accessible, account of the Orthodox Church—its self-understanding, theology, sacramental life, and history—from the time of the New Testament through its long pilgrimage in the East and more recently into the West. One of the best introductions available.”—John Behr, author of The Mystery of Christ“This is a rich, fascinating history, from the beginning of Christianity to Patristics and contemporary Orthodoxy, by an outstanding scholar. It includes inspiring intellectual and mystical figures, importantly not only men, but also women, like Elisabeth Behr-Sigel.”—Ilaria L. E. Ramelli, Durham University“This clear, lively and erudite book, comprehensive in its brevity, is an honest and ultimately hopeful account of the living tradition of faith from the apostolic times to our day—a true salvation history.”—The Rev’d Canon John McLuckie“This book has the potential to become one of the most important introductions to the Eastern Christian world.”—George E. Demacopoulos, author of Colonizing Christianity: Greek and Latin Religious Identity in the Era of the Fourth Crusade“John McGuckin, one of today’s most astute and prolific exponents of Eastern Orthodoxy, leads us into the deepest historical and theological roots of the Orthodox tradition. With fresh insight, McGuckin orients non-Orthodox readers to the internal life and practices of Orthodox churches and imaginatively projects the unique vocation of Orthodoxy in a postmodern world.”—Paul M. Blowers, Milligan University

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Book SynopsisConsidered by Muslims as the only true art, calligraphy has played a prominent role in Islamic culture since the time of the prophet Muhammad. Exploring this central role of the written word in Islam and how writing practices have evolved and adapted in different historical contexts, this book provides an overview of the enormous impact that writing in Arabic script has had on the visual arts of the Islamic world. Approaching the topic from a number of different perspectives, the essays in this volume include discussions on the relationship between orality and the written word; the materiality of the written word, ranging from the type of paper on which books were written to monumental inscriptions in stone and brick; and the development of Arabic typography and the printed book. Generously illustrated, By the Pen and What They Write is an engaging look at how writing has remained a foundational component of Islamic art throughout fourteen centuries. Distributed for the Qatar Foundation, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts in Qatar

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Book SynopsisAn eye-opening history of Britain and the Islamic worlda thousand-year relationship that is closer, deeper, and more mutually beneficial than is often recognized In this broad yet sympathetic surveyranging from the Crusades to the modern dayMartin Pugh explores the social, political, and cultural encounters between Britain and Islam. He looks, for instance, at how reactions against the Crusades led to Anglo-Muslim collaboration under the Tudors, at how Britain posed as defender of Islam in the Victorian period, and at her role in rearranging the Muslim world after 1918. Pugh argues that, contrary to current assumptions, Islamic groups have often embraced Western ideas, including modernization and liberal democracy. He shows how the difficulties and Islamophobia that Muslims have experienced in Britain since the 1970s are largely caused by an acute crisis in British national identity. In truth, Muslims have become increasingly key participants in mainstream British societyin culture,Trade Review“Pugh sets out the past history to be seen through the prism of addressing contemporary prejudices.”—Ian G. Williams, The Muslim World Book Review “Sweeping and humane ... Pugh's survey of Britain's encounters with Islam undermines the fallacy that the Muslim experience and the Western experience must inevitably stand in opposition to each other; on the contrary, Britain and Islam helps us to see them as complementary parts of the same human story.”—Christopher de Bellaigue, author of The Islamic Enlightenment“Offers compelling arguments that need to be made especially in the times in which we live where prejudice raises its ugly head within the highest political circles. Pugh is clearly an experienced political historian and handles the politics of West/Muslim encounters within the era of colonial and post-colonial periods in a masterly fashion. ”— Ron Geaves, author of Islam and Britain

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“In this major contribution, Karel van der Toorn offers a brilliant analysis of the military colony of Elephantine and its integration into a ‘Jewish nation.’ This book offers a new translation and interpretation of Papyrus Amherst 63, which provides new insights into the life of this Diaspora community. It is a must-read for students and scholars of the Hebrew Bible and early Judaism.”—Thomas Römer, Collège de France and University of Lausanne “In this erudite work, the Jewish community at Elephantine becomes a case study for a wide palette of issues, ranging from the emergence of Judaism to the negotiation of cultural boundaries.”—Ronald Hendel, co-author of How Old Is the Hebrew Bible?

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"An objective and nuanced portrayal of Allah. Understanding His seemingly paradoxical attributes is crucial to mapping out the powerful religious energy Islam has introduced into human history.”—Mustafa Akyol, author of The Islamic Jesus"A masterful examination of the Qur'anic conception of God--Allah--with illuminating comparisons to the Hebrew Bible and the Gospels, and rich insights into many aspects of the Islamic tradition as it deals with the Qur'an."—Fred M. Donner, author of Muhammad and the Believers“In this groundbreaking and thoughtful reflection on Allah, Gabriel Reynolds's masterful examination of the Qur'an, Bible, and medieval sources is delivered in plain English. His references to contemporary debates on the mercy and wrath of God make this book an informative and exciting read.”—Emran El-Badawi, University of Houston“Skillfully unraveling the literary and theological threads that bind the Qur’an to the Bible, Gabriel Reynolds has produced a well-written, insightful, and accessible introduction to major themes of Islamic religious thought. He shows how the Qur’anic God is not a different God but one who is differently depicted and understood.”—Jane McAuliffe, founding editor of the Encyclopaedia of the Qur'ān“A book as brilliant as it is subtle: a study of the God revealed to the world by Muhammad which is simultaneously a close critical reading of a complex and contradictory character in a work of literature.”—Tom Holland, author of In the Shadow of the Sword

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Book SynopsisAn ambitious introduction to the Apocrypha that encourages readers to reimagine what “canon” really meansTrade Review2022 PROSE Award Finalist, Theology and Religious Studies category“A work of first-rate scholarship that makes ancient Jewish apocrypha, ranging beyond the traditional Greek and Latin collections, accessible to the non-specialist audience. I cannot see teaching my Bible courses without it.”—Benjamin G. Wright, Lehigh University“In this comprehensive introduction, Wills shows that neither ‘canon’ nor ‘apocrypha’ is a simple, consistent idea. This should now be the standard introduction to the Apocrypha.”—John J. Collins, Yale University“Introductions to the Apocrypha used to be dull, dutiful little books. Not any more! In this engaging study Wills demonstrates the sophistication and significance of these compositions. In addition, he dismantles the prevailing Eurocentric construction of ‘apocrypha’ and embraces a long overdue global perspective.”—Carol A. Newsom, Emory University“A thorough, comprehensive, and insightful examination of texts, regarded as non-canonical for the Hebrew Bible, that were quite influential in later Jewish and Christian sources. Organizing these texts according to genre is a special feature of this study.”—Gale A. Yee

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Book SynopsisA sweeping history of Muslim identity from its origins in late antiquity to the presentTrade Review“Bodily difference is critical to defining culture, society and religion. The Muslim ‘difference’ has now been reimagined by Youshaa Patel in this lively, must read for all inquirers into embodied identity within and beyond Islam.”—Bruce Lawrence, author of Islamicate Cosmopolitan Spirit“Youshaa Patel demonstrates the diversity among Islamic conceptions of the distinctions between Muslims and others—and, more importantly, shows why these differences matter.”—David Freidenreich, author of Jewish Muslims: How Christians Imagined Islam as the Enemy“How have Muslims drawn the line between themselves and others? This question was formative for Islam in its early days, and it’s no exaggeration to say that it remains crucial today. Clearly and engagingly, Youshaa Patel guides the reader through this hugely consequential history.”—Jonathan A. C. Brown, Georgetown University“Few studies can compete with the depth and subtlety that Youshaa Patel has brought to the complex theological and religio-cultural subject of the need to display ‘Muslim difference’ from rival faiths and traditions. This will be required reading in the study of religion and Islamic studies.”—Ebrahim Moosa, University of Notre Dame

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“[Green] is surely right in looking to neo-mysticism as an alternative for those who no longer can accept the doctrines of old. Theology is not an ivory-tower pursuit for academicians. It is essential for rabbis who want to offer a spiritual roadmap.”—Simon Rocker, The Jewish ChronicleWinner of the National Jewish Book Award, Con­tem­po­rary Jew­ish Life and Practice category, sponsored by The Jewish Book Council “With a precise, poetic simplicity and a quality of judicious wonder, Arthur Green addresses the reader directly and unceremoniously. This book encompasses a lifetime of impressive scholarship and deep human experience, sustained by a radical awareness of the eternal and the transcendent.”—Avivah Zornberg, author of Moses: A Human Life“Arthur Green draws on a lifetime of scholarship, teaching, and activism to offer unparalleled insights and rare depths of soul. Written by a spiritual master, this book constitutes a religious classic that will inform and inspire all who open its pages.”—David Ellenson, Hebrew Union College"Judaism for the World is a singular work of theological reflection, speaking with personal directness to contemporary Jews seeking an honest, spiritual Judaism in a Neo-Hasidic mode. Arthur Green has distilled a lifetime of study and practice into a powerful, autobiographical voice. Every word is wrought with integrity."—Michael Fishbane, University of Chicago“This beautifully written book demonstrates Green’s unique ability to share the depths of scholarly knowledge in ways that are both personal and poetic, both deep and accessible."—Melila Hellner-Eshed, Hebrew University“Green challenges traditional notions of God, Israel, and Torah, offering a radically new understanding and stimulating the reader to join him in a journey of discovery.”—Daniel Matt, Graduate Theological Union

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Book SynopsisThe fascinating account of how the story of the Buddha was transformed into the legend of a Christian saint.Trade Review"A literary detective story of the first order, in which Donald S. Lopez Jr. and Peggy McCracken recapture the color and excitement of every breakthrough along the way." -- Jack Miles, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of God: A Biography

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Book SynopsisReformation Thought, 4th edition offers an ideal introduction to the central ideas of the European reformations for students of theology and history. Written by the bestselling author and renowned theologian, Alister McGrath, this engaging guide is accessible to students with no prior knowledge of Christian theology. This new edition of a classic text has been updated throughout with the very latest scholarship Includes greater coverage of the Catholic reformation, the counter-reformation, and the impact of women on the reformation Explores the core ideas and issues of the reformation in terms that can be easily understood by those new to the field Student-friendly features include images, updated bibliographies, a glossary, and a chronology of political and historical ideas This latest edition retains all the features which made the previous editions so popular with readers, while McGrath''s revisions have ensured it remains Trade Review"Anyone looking to understand the theological and sociopolitical world of the Protestant Reformation – and it's present influence – would do well to look nowhere else but this latest edition of Reformation Thought." (Jacob Sweeney's Blog, 17 May 2012) "[McGrath] is one of the best scholars and teachers of the Reformation.... Teachers will rejoice in this wonderfully useful book." (Teaching History (of a previous edition))Table of Contents1 The Reformation: An Introduction 1 The Cry for Reform 2 The Concept of “Reformation” 5 The Lutheran Reformation 6 The Reformed Church 7 The Radical Reformation (Anabaptism) 9 The Catholic Reformation 11 The Importance of Printing 12 The Use of the Vernacular in Theological Debates 15 The Social Context of the Reformation 16 The Religious Concerns of the Reformers: A Brief Overview 20 2 Christianity in the Late Middle Ages 23 The Growth of Popular Religion 23 The Rise in Anti-Clericalism 24 The Rise of Doctrinal Pluralism 27 A Crisis of Authority within the Church 30 An English Case Study: Lollardy 32 3 Humanism and the Reformation 35 The Concept of “Renaissance” 36 The Concept of “Humanism” 37 Classical Scholarship and Philology 38 The New Philosophy of the Renaissance 38 Kristeller’s View of Humanism 39 Ad Fontes – Back to the Fountainhead 40 Northern European Humanism 41 The Northern European Reception of the Italian Renaissance 41 The Ideals of Northern European Humanism 43 Eastern Swiss Humanism 43 French Legal Humanism 44 Erasmus of Rotterdam 46 The Critique of the Vulgate Text 48 Editions of Patristic Writers 50 Humanism and the Reformation – An Evaluation 51 Humanism and the Swiss Reformation 52 Humanism and the Wittenberg Reformation 53 Tensions between the Reformation and Humanism 55 4 Scholasticism and the Reformation 59 “Scholasticism” Defined 60 Scholasticism and the Universities 62 Types of Scholasticism 63 Realism versus Nominalism 63 “Pelagianism” and “Augustinianism” 65 The Via Moderna 67 The Schola Augustiniana Moderna 69 The Impact of Medieval Scholasticism upon the Reformation 70 Luther’s Relation to Late Medieval Scholasticism 71 Calvin’s Relation to Late Medieval Scholasticism 72 5 The Reformers: A Biographical Introduction 75 Martin Luther (1483–1546) 76 Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531) 81 Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) 83 Martin Bucer (1491–1551) 84 John Calvin (1509–64) 85 6 The Return to the Bible 91 Scripture in the Middle Ages 92 The Concept of “Tradition” 92 The Vulgate Translation of the Bible 94 The Medieval Vernacular Versions of Scripture 94 The Humanists and the Bible 95 The Bible and the Protestant Reformation 97 The Canon of Scripture 97 The Authority of Scripture 98 The Role of Tradition 100 Methods of Interpreting Scripture 102 The Right to Interpret Scripture 106 The Translation of Scripture 110 The Catholic Response: Trent on Scripture and Tradition 112 7 The Doctrine of Justification by Faith 115 A Foundational Theme: Redemption through Christ 115 Justification and Martin Luther’s Theological Breakthrough 117 Luther’s Early Views on Justification 118 Luther’s Discovery of the “Righteousness of God” 119 The Nature of Justifying Faith 121 Consequences of Luther’s Doctrine of Justification 122 The Concept of “Forensic Justification” 125 Divergences among the Reformers on Justification 128 Justification and the Swiss Reformation 128 Later Developments: Bucer and Calvin on Justification 130 Theological Diplomacy: “Double Justification” 132 The Catholic Response: Trent on Justification 133 The Nature of Justification 134 The Nature of Justifying Righteousness 135 The Nature of Justifying Faith 136 The Assurance of Salvation 137 8 The Doctrine of the Church 141 The Background to the Reformation Debates: The Donatist Controversy 143 The Context of the Reformation Views on the Church 146 Luther on the Nature of the Church 147 The Radical View of the Church 149 Tensions within Luther’s Doctrine of the Church 151 Calvin on the Nature of the Church 152 The Two Marks of the Church 153 The Structures of the Church 154 Calvin on the Church and Consistory 155 Calvin on the Role of the Church 157 The Debate over the Catholicity of the Church 158 The Council of Trent on the Church 161 9 The Doctrine of the Sacraments 163 The Background to the Sacramental Debates 163 The Sacraments and the Promises of Grace 165 Luther on the Sacraments 168 Luther on the Real Presence 171 Luther on Infant Baptism 172 Zwingli on the Sacraments 174 Zwingli on the Real Presence 176 Zwingli on Infant Baptism 179 Luther versus Zwingli: A Summary and Evaluation 181 Anabaptist Views on the Sacraments 183 Calvin on the Sacraments 185 The Catholic Response: Trent on the Sacraments 187 10 The Doctrine of Predestination 191 The Background to the Reformation Debates over Predestination 191 Zwingli on the Divine Sovereignty 193 Melanchthon’s Changing Views on Predestination 195 Calvin on Predestination 197 Predestination in Later Reformed Theology 202 11 The Political Thought of the Reformation 207 The Radical Reformation and Secular Authority 207 Luther’s Doctrine of the Two Kingdoms 210 Zwingli on the State and Magistrate 216 Bucer on Magistrate and Ministry 218 Calvin on Magistrate and Ministry 219 12 The Religious Ideas of the English Reformation 223 The Social Role of Religious Ideas: Germany and England 223 English Humanism 226 The Origins of the English Reformation: Henry Viii 227 The Consolidation of the English Reformation: Edward vi to Elizabeth I 230 Justification by Faith in the English Reformation 233 The Real Presence in the English Reformation 236 13 The Diffusion of the Thought of the Reformation 241 The Physical Agencies of Diffusion 241 The Vernacular 241 Books 242 The Interchange of People 243 The Diffusion of Ideas: The Key Texts 244 The Catechisms 244 Confessions of Faith 246 Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion 247 14 The Impact of Reformation Thought upon History 253 An Affirmative Attitude Toward the World 254 The Protestant Work Ethic 256 Reformation Thought and the Origins of Capitalism 258 Reformation Thought and Political Change 261 Reformation Thought and the Emergence of the Natural Sciences 263 Reformation Ecclesiologies and the Modern World 266 Conclusion 267

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Book SynopsisReformation Thought, 4th edition offers an ideal introduction to the central ideas of the European reformations for students of theology and history. Written by the bestselling author and renowned theologian, Alister McGrath, this engaging guide is accessible to students with no prior knowledge of Christian theology. This new edition of a classic text has been updated throughout with the very latest scholarship Includes greater coverage of the Catholic reformation, the counter-reformation, and the impact of women on the reformation Explores the core ideas and issues of the reformation in terms that can be easily understood by those new to the field Student-friendly features include images, updated bibliographies, a glossary, and a chronology of political and historical ideas This latest edition retains all the features which made the previous editions so popular with readers, while McGrath''s revisions have ensured it remains Trade Review"Anyone looking to understand the theological and sociopolitical world of the Protestant Reformation – and it's present influence – would do well to look nowhere else but this latest edition of Reformation Thought." (Jacob Sweeney's Blog, 17 May 2012) "[McGrath] is one of the best scholars and teachers of the Reformation.... Teachers will rejoice in this wonderfully useful book." (Teaching History (of a previous edition))Table of Contents1 The Reformation: An Introduction 1 The Cry for Reform 2 The Concept of “Reformation” 5 The Lutheran Reformation 6 The Reformed Church 7 The Radical Reformation (Anabaptism) 9 The Catholic Reformation 11 The Importance of Printing 12 The Use of the Vernacular in Theological Debates 15 The Social Context of the Reformation 16 The Religious Concerns of the Reformers: A Brief Overview 20 2 Christianity in the Late Middle Ages 23 The Growth of Popular Religion 23 The Rise in Anti-Clericalism 24 The Rise of Doctrinal Pluralism 27 A Crisis of Authority within the Church 30 An English Case Study: Lollardy 32 3 Humanism and the Reformation 35 The Concept of “Renaissance” 36 The Concept of “Humanism” 37 Classical Scholarship and Philology 38 The New Philosophy of the Renaissance 38 Kristeller’s View of Humanism 39 Ad Fontes – Back to the Fountainhead 40 Northern European Humanism 41 The Northern European Reception of the Italian Renaissance 41 The Ideals of Northern European Humanism 43 Eastern Swiss Humanism 43 French Legal Humanism 44 Erasmus of Rotterdam 46 The Critique of the Vulgate Text 48 Editions of Patristic Writers 50 Humanism and the Reformation – An Evaluation 51 Humanism and the Swiss Reformation 52 Humanism and the Wittenberg Reformation 53 Tensions between the Reformation and Humanism 55 4 Scholasticism and the Reformation 59 “Scholasticism” Defi ned 60 Scholasticism and the Universities 62 Types of Scholasticism 63 Realism versus Nominalism 63 “Pelagianism” and “Augustinianism” 65 The Via Moderna 67 The Schola Augustiniana Moderna 69 The Impact of Medieval Scholasticism upon the Reformation 70 Luther’s Relation to Late Medieval Scholasticism 71 Calvin’s Relation to Late Medieval Scholasticism 72 5 The Reformers: A Biographical Introduction 75 Martin Luther (1483–1546) 76 Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531) 81 Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) 83 Martin Bucer (1491–1551) 84 John Calvin (1509–64) 85 6 The Return to the Bible 91 Scripture in the Middle Ages 92 The Concept of “Tradition” 92 The Vulgate Translation of the Bible 94 The Medieval Vernacular Versions of Scripture 94 The Humanists and the Bible 95 The Bible and the Protestant Reformation 97 The Canon of Scripture 97 The Authority of Scripture 98 The Role of Tradition 100 Methods of Interpreting Scripture 102 The Right to Interpret Scripture 106 The Translation of Scripture 110 The Catholic Response: Trent on Scripture and Tradition 112 7 The Doctrine of Justification by Faith 115 A Foundational Theme: Redemption through Christ 115 Justification and Martin Luther’s Theological Breakthrough 117 Luther’s Early Views on Justification 118 Luther’s Discovery of the “Righteousness of God” 119 The Nature of Justifying Faith 121 Consequences of Luther’s Doctrine of Justification 122 The Concept of “Forensic Justification” 125 Divergences among the Reformers on Justification 128 Justification and the Swiss Reformation 128 Later Developments: Bucer and Calvin on Justification 130 Theological Diplomacy: “Double Justification” 132 The Catholic Response: Trent on Justification 133 The Nature of Justification 134 The Nature of Justifying Righteousness 135 The Nature of Justifying Faith 136 The Assurance of Salvation 137 8 The Doctrine of the Church 141 The Background to the Reformation Debates: The Donatist Controversy 143 The Context of the Reformation Views on the Church 146 Luther on the Nature of the Church 147 The Radical View of the Church 149 Tensions within Luther’s Doctrine of the Church 151 Calvin on the Nature of the Church 152 The Two Marks of the Church 153 The Structures of the Church 154 Calvin on the Church and Consistory 155 Calvin on the Role of the Church 157 The Debate over the Catholicity of the Church 158 The Council of Trent on the Church 161 9 The Doctrine of the Sacraments 163 The Background to the Sacramental Debates 163 The Sacraments and the Promises of Grace 165 Luther on the Sacraments 168 Luther on the Real Presence 171 Luther on Infant Baptism 172 Zwingli on the Sacraments 174 Zwingli on the Real Presence 176 Zwingli on Infant Baptism 179 Luther versus Zwingli: A Summary and Evaluation 181 Anabaptist Views on the Sacraments 183 Calvin on the Sacraments 185 The Catholic Response: Trent on the Sacraments 187 10 The Doctrine of Predestination 191 The Background to the Reformation Debates over Predestination 191 Zwingli on the Divine Sovereignty 193 Melanchthon’s Changing Views on Predestination 195 Calvin on Predestination 197 Predestination in Later Reformed Theology 202 11 The Political Thought of the Reformation 207 The Radical Reformation and Secular Authority 207 Luther’s Doctrine of the Two Kingdoms 210 Zwingli on the State and Magistrate 216 Bucer on Magistrate and Ministry 218 Calvin on Magistrate and Ministry 219 12 The Religious Ideas of the English Reformation 223 The Social Role of Religious Ideas: Germany and England 223 English Humanism 226 The Origins of the English Reformation: Henry VIII 227 The Consolidation of the English Reformation: Edward VI to Elizabeth I 230 Justification by Faith in the English Reformation 233 The Real Presence in the English Reformation 236 13 The Diffusion of the Thought of the Reformation 241 The Physical Agencies of Diffusion 241 The Vernacular 241 Books 242 The Interchange of People 243 The Diffusion of Ideas: The Key Texts 244 The Catechisms 244 Confessions of Faith 246 Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion 247 14 The Impact of Reformation Thought upon History 253 An Affirmative Attitude Toward the World 254 The Protestant Work Ethic 256 Reformation Thought and the Origins of Capitalism 258 Reformation Thought and Political Change 261 Reformation Thought and the Emergence of the Natural Sciences 263 Reformation Ecclesiologies and the Modern World 266 Conclusion 267

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Book SynopsisThis revised and expanded volume brings together a carefully-selected collection of primary sources drawn from medieval and sixteenth-century texts. Notable for its comprehensive coverage, it consolidates a broad range of important documents, which until now, have been scattered through numerous volumes of primary materials. An invaluable collection of primary sources, edited by a renowned reformations scholar, which brings together significant and illuminating documents from this influential period Revised and updated to include catechetical writings by Luther and Calvin, and increased analysis of their theological writings, as well as coverage of women reformers such as Caritas Pirckheimer, Katharina Schütz-Zell, and Olimpia Morata Includes a broad range of documents spanning major theological writings through to confessions, political grievances, and writings drawn from tracts, poems, and satires Features observer accounts of events and debTable of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition xvi Preface to the First Edition xviii Abbreviations xx 1 The Late Middle Ages 1 1.1 Jean de Venette: Chronicle 3 1.2 Social Tensions: The Reformation of the Emperor Sigismund (c.1438) 3 1.3 The Crisis of Values: “Reynard the Fox” (1498) 4 1.4 Jakob Wimpfeling: The Origins of Printing, from Epitome Rerum Germanicarum (1505) 5 1.5 Sebastian Brant: The Ship of Fools 5 1.6 “The Piper of Niklashausen,” A Report of His Preaching (1476) 7 1.7 Ulrich von Hutten: Vadiscum oder die Römishe Dreifaltigkeit (1519) 8 1.8 Jacob Wimpfeling: Grievances of the German Nation (1515) 8 1.9 Pope Boniface VIII: Unam Sanctam (1302) 9 1.10 Pope Clement VI: Unigenitus Dei Filius (1343) 10 1.11 Pope Sixtus IV: Salvator Noster (1476) 10 1.12 Marsilius of Padua: Defensor Pacis (1324) 10 1.13 Conciliarism: Opinion of the University of Paris (1393) 11 1.14 Pierre D’Ailly: Conciliar Principles (1409) 11 1.15 The Council of Constance: Haec Sancta (1415) and Frequens (1417) 12 1.16 Pope Pius II: Execrabilis (1460) 12 1.17 Pope Leo X: Pastor Aeternus (1516) 13 1.18 John Wyclif: “On Indulgences” 13 1.19 John Hus: The Treatise on the Church 13 1.20 Gabriel Biel: “Doing What is in One” 14 1.21 Johannes Tauler, OP: Sermon Extract 14 1.22 Theologia Deutsch 15 1.23 Ludolf of Saxony: Vita Jesu Christi 15 1.24 Gerard Zerbolt: The Spiritual Ascents 16 1.25 Thomas à Kempis: The Imitation of Christ 16 1.26 Johannes von Staupitz: Sermon Extracts 17 1.27 Dietrich Kolde: A Fruitful Mirror or Small Handbook for Christians (1508) 17 1.28 François Rabelais: On Education 18 1.29 Lorenzo Valla: The Falsely Believed and Forged Donation of Constantine 19 1.30 Nicholas of Lyra: Interpretation of the Bible 19 1.31 Desiderius Erasmus: Praise of Folly (1509) 20 1.32 Erasmus, “Letter to Martin Dorp” (1515) 21 1.33 Ulrich von Hutten: Letters from Obscure Men (1515) 21 2 The Dawn of a New Era 23 2.1 Martin Luther: Recollections of Becoming a Monk 24 2.2 Luther’s Conversion 25 2.3 Luther’s Theological Emphases 25 2.4 Luther: “Disputation Against Scholastic Theology” (1517) 26 2.5 “Official Catalogue” of Relics in the Wittenberg Castle Church 27 2.6 Archbishop Albert of Mainz: The Commission of Indulgences 27 2.7 Tetzel: A Sample Sermon 28 2.8 A Contemporary Description of Indulgence Selling 29 2.9 “The Robbing of Tetzel” 29 2.10 Luther: “The Ninety-five Theses” (1517) 29 2.11 Bucer’s Description of Luther at the Heidelberg Disputation (1518) 30 2.12 Prierias: Dialogue Against the Arrogant Theses of Martin Luther on the Power of the Pope (1518) 31 2.13 Luther’s Hearing before Cardinal Cajetan at Augsburg (1518) 31 2.14 Georg Spalatin: Recollections of Frederick the Wise on Luther 32 2.15 Peter Mosellanus: Description of Luther, Karlstadt, and Eck at the Leipzig Debate 32 2.16 Capito: Letter of Support to Luther (February 1519) 33 2.17 Luther: Treatise on Good Works (June 1520) 34 2.18 Luther: To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate (1520) 34 2.19 Luther: The Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520) 37 2.20 Luther: The Freedom of a Christian (1520) 40 2.21 Pope Leo X: “Exsurge domine” (June 15, 1520) 41 2.22 The Papal Nuncio’s Reports from the Diet of Worms 41 2.23 Luther before Emperor and Empire at the Diet of Worms (1521) 42 2.24 Charles V: Message to his Council (April 19, 1521) 43 2.25 The Edict of Worms (May 26, 1521) 44 2.26 Albrecht Dürer’s Diary: Rumors of Luther’s Capture (1521) 45 3 Implementation of Reforms 46 3.1 Thomas More to Martin Dorp (1515) 47 3.2 Erasmus: Paraclesis (1516) 48 3.3 Luther: “On Translating: An Open Letter” (1530) 48 3.4 Luther: A Brief Instruction on What to Look For and Expect in the Gospels (1521) 49 3.5 Jörg Vögeli: Letter to Konrad Zwick (1523) 50 3.6 Philipp Melanchthon: “On Improving the Studies of Youth” (1518) 50 3.7 Melanchthon: “Theses Against Scholastic Theology” (1520) 51 3.8 Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt: “The 151 Theses” (1517) 52 3.9 Karlstadt: The Meaning of the Term “Gelassen” and Where in Holy Scripture It is Found (1523) 52 3.10 “The Hammer of Witches” (1486) 53 3.11 Karlstadt: Exposition of Numbers 30 Which Speaks of Vows (1522) 54 3.12 Luther: The Judgment of Martin Luther on Monastic Vows (1521) 54 3.13 Luther: The Estate of Marriage (1522) 55 3.14 Ursala of Münsterberg: A Nun Explains Her Leaving the Convent (1528) 56 3.15 Argula von Grumbach 56 3.16 Katharina Schütz Zell: Writings on Reformation and Marriage 57 3.17 Katherine Rem: A Nun Rejects the Reformation (1523) 58 3.18 Caritas Pirckheimer: A Journal of the Reformation Years 1524–1528 58 3.19 Karlstadt: On the Abolition of Images and That There Should Be No Beggars Among Christians (1522) 59 3.20 The Wittenberg Movement: The University Report to Elector Frederick (1521) 61 3.21 The Wittenberg Movement by the End of 1522 61 3.22 Nicholas Hausmann: A Report Concerning the Zwickau Prophets (1521) 62 3.23 Melanchthon: Report to Frederick on the Situation in Wittenberg (1521) 62 3.24 Luther: Letter to Elector Frederick (1522) 63 3.25 Luther: The Invocavit Sermons (1522) 64 3.26 Luther: Against the Heavenly Prophets (1525) 65 3.27 Karlstadt: Several Main Points of Christian Teaching Regarding Which Dr. Luther Brings Andreas Carlstadt Under Suspicion Through False Accusation and Slander (1525) 66 4 Social Welfare and Education 68 4.1 Canon Law 69 4.2 Johann Geiler of Kaysersberg: “Concerning Begging” 69 4.3 The Nuremberg Begging Order of 1478 70 4.4 Luther: “Foreword” to Mathias Hütlin’s The Book of Vagabonds (1510) 71 4.5 Luther: The Blessed Sacrament of the Holy and True Body of Christ and the Brotherhoods (1519) 72 4.6 Anonymous: “What is Loan-Interest Other than Usury?” (1522) 73 4.7 Luther: Trade and Usury (1524) 74 4.8 Luther: “That Clergy Should Preach Against Usury” (1540) 75 4.9 Social Welfare Legislation: The City of Wittenberg (1522) 76 4.10 Social Welfare Legislation: Leisnig (1523) 77 4.11 A Conversation Concerning the Common Chest of Schwabach, Namely by Brother Heinrich, Knecht Ruprecht, Spitler, and Their Master of the Wool Trade (1524) 78 4.12 Luther: To the Councilmen of All Cities in Germany that They Establish and Maintain Christian Schools (1524) 79 4.13 Luther: A Sermon on Keeping Children in School (1530) 80 4.14 Luther: The Small Catechism (1529) 81 4.15 Luther: The Large Catechism (1529) 82 5 The Reformation of the Common Man 85 5.1 Müntzer to Luther (1520) 86 5.2 Müntzer: Prague Manifesto (1521) 86 5.3 Müntzer to Melanchthon (1522) 87 5.4 Karlstadt: Whether One Should Proceed Slowly (1524) 87 5.5 Luther: Letter to the Christians at Strassburg in Opposition to the Fanatic Spirit (1524) 88 5.6 Luther: Letter to the Princes of Saxony Concerning the Rebellious Spirit (1524) 89 5.7 Müntzer to the People of Erfurt (1525) 90 5.8 Müntzer to Frederick the Wise (1524) 90 5.9 Müntzer: Vindication and Refutation (1524) 91 5.10 Müntzer: Sermon to the Princes (1524) 92 5.11 The Twelve Articles of the Upper Swabian Peasants (1525) 92 5.12 Luther: Admonition to Peace. A Reply to the Twelve Articles of the Peasants in Swabia (1525) 94 5.13 Aspects of Müntzer’s Military Campaign 95 5.14 The Massacre of Weinsberg (April 16, 1525): Report of the Parson Johann Herolt 96 5.15 Müntzer to the People of Allstedt (1525) 96 5.16 Müntzer’s Revolutionary “Ring of Justice” in the Camp of the Frankenhausen Army 97 5.17 Luther: Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants (1525) 97 5.18 Luther: An Open Letter on the Harsh Book Against the Peasants (1525) 98 5.19 The Account of Hans Hut (1527) 99 5.20 Johann Rühl, Mansfeld Councillor, to Martin Luther (1525) 99 5.21 Aftermath of the Peasants’ War: Report of the Bernese Chronicler, Valerius Anshelm 100 5.22 The Consequences of Luther’s Stance during the Peasants’ War: Hermann Mühlpfort, Mayor of Zwickau, to Stephan Roth at Wittenberg (1525) 100 6 The Swiss Connection: Zwingli and the Reformation in Zurich 102 6.1 Zwingli’s Invitation to Zurich (1518) 103 6.2 Mandate of the Zurich Mayor and Council for Scriptural Preaching (1520) 104 6.3 Heinrich Bullinger: Account of Zwingli’s Preaching Against Mercenary Service in 1521 104 6.4 The Affair of the Sausages 104 6.5 Christopher Froschauer’s Defense (1522) 105 6.6 Zwingli: Concerning Choice and Liberty Respecting Food – Concerning Offense and Vexation – Whether Anyone Has Power to Forbid Foods at Certain Times – Opinion of Huldreich Zwingli (1522) 105 6.7 Petition of Certain Preachers of Switzerland to the Most Reverend Lord Hugo, Bishop of Constance, That He Will Not Suffer Himself to be Persuaded to Make Any Proclamation to the Injury of the Gospel, Nor Endure Longer the Scandal of Harlotry, But Allow the Priests to Marry Wives or at Least Would Wink at Their Marriages (1522) 106 6.8 Ordinance for Reform of the Great Minster (1523) 106 6.9 Institution of the Prophesy in Zurich 107 6.10 Zwingli: “Short Christian Instruction” (1523) 108 6.11 Removal of Relics and Organs (1524) 109 6.12 The Council’s Mandate for Church-Going (1531) 109 6.13 Zwingli’s View of Luther 109 6.14 Zwingli: Of the Clarity and Certainty of the Word of God (1522) 110 6.15 Zwingli: The Sixty-Seven Articles (1523) 111 6.16 The First Zurich Disputation (January 23, 1523) 112 6.17 The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) 113 6.18 The Second Council of Lyons (1274) 113 6.19 Karlstadt: “Dialogue” on the Lord’s Supper (1524) 113 6.20 Zwingli: “Letter to Matthew Alber Concerning the Lord’s Supper” (1524) 115 6.21 Zwingli: Friendly Exegesis, That Is, Exposition of the Matter of the Eucharist, Addressed to Martin Luther by Huldrych Zwingli (1527) 116 6.22 Luther: Confession Concerning Christ’s Supper (1528) 116 6.23 The Marburg Colloquy and Articles (1529) 117 6.24 Erasmus to Martin Bucer (1527) 118 6.25 Willibald Pirckheimer: Humanist Disappointment with the Reformation (1530) 119 7 The Radical Reformations 120 7.1 Zwingli: Refutation of the Tricks of the Baptists (1527) 121 7.2 Anabaptism Begins (1525) 122 7.3 The Second Zurich Disputation (1523) 123 7.4 Conrad Grebel and Companions to Müntzer (1524) 123 7.5 Mantz’s Petition of Defense, Zurich (1524) 124 7.6 Hubmaier to Oecolampadius on Baptism (1525) 125 7.7 The Zurich Council Orders Infant Baptism, and Silence (1525) 125 7.8 The Council Orders Anabaptists to Be Drowned (1526) 125 7.9 Zwingli: Of Baptism (1525) 126 7.10 The Schleitheim Confession of Faith [Seven Articles] (1527) 127 7.11 The Banishment of Blaurock and Execution of Mantz 128 7.12 The Trial and Martyrdom of Michael Sattler (1527) 128 7.13 Johann Eck: Letter to Duke George of Saxony on the Anabaptists (1527) 130 7.14 Bernard Rothmann: A Confession of Faith and Life in the Church of Christ of Münster (1534) 131 7.15 The Twelve Elders of Münster: “Thirteen Statements of the Order of Life” and “A Code for Public Behavior” (mid-1534) 131 7.16 Appeal to Outsiders to Join the “New Jerusalem” in Münster 132 7.17 The Death of the “Prophet” Jan Matthijs 133 7.18 Communism in the City of Münster 133 7.19 The Introduction of Polygamy in the City of Münster 134 7.20 Rothmann: A Restitution of Christian Teaching, Faith, and Life (1534) 134 7.21 Rothmann: Concerning Revenge (1534) 135 7.22 The Capture, Torture, Confession, and Execution of Jan van Leiden 136 8 Augsburg 1530 to Augsburg 1555: Reform and Politics 137 8.1 Reform Programme of the Bishop of Pomerania (1525) 138 8.2 The Speech from the Throne (1526) 139 8.3 The Declaration of the Cities (1526) 139 8.4 The Recess of the Diet (1526) 140 8.5 The Speech from the Throne (1529) 140 8.6 The Resolution of the Majority (1529) 141 8.7 The Resolution of the Minority (1529) 141 8.8 Cardinal Campeggio’s Instructions to the Emperor (1530) 142 8.9 Dukes William IV and Louis X of Bavaria to the Theological Faculty of Ingolstadt University (1530) 143 8.10 Johannes Eck: “404 Articles” on the Errors of the Reformers (1530) 143 8.11 The Advice of Dr. Brück, Chancellor of Electoral Saxony (1530) 144 8.12 The Augsburg Confession (1530) 144 8.13 Cardinal Legate Campeggio’s Response to the Augsburg Confession (1530) 145 8.14 Confutation of the Augsburg Confession (1530) 146 8.15 The Recess of the Diet of Augsburg (1530) 147 8.16 Luther: Temporal Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed (1523) 147 8.17 Judgment of the Saxon Jurists (1530) 148 8.18 Luther: Letter to Lazarus Spengler in Nuremberg (1531) 148 8.19 Luther: Dr. Martin Luther’s Warning to his Dear German People (1531) 149 8.20 Luther: Disputation Concerning the Right to Resist the Emperor (1539) 150 8.21 Nicholas Gallus et al.: A Confession of the Magdeburg Pastors Concerning Resistance to the Superior Magistrate (1550) 150 8.22 Sastrow’s account of preaching during the Interim 151 8.23 The Peace of Augsburg (1555) 152 8.24 Charles V: Abdication Speech, Brussels (1556) 153 9 The Genevan Reformation 154 9.1 John Calvin: Conversion and Development 155 9.2 Nicolas Cop: Rector’s Address to the University of Paris (1533) 156 9.3 Apology of John Calvin to the Gentlemen, the Nicodemites (1544) 157 9.4 Calvin: A Very Useful Account concerning the Great Benefit that Christianity will Receive if it takes an inventory of all the sacred bodies and relics which are in Italy, France, Germany, Spain, and other kingdoms and countries (1543) 158 9.5 Michel Roset: Chronicles of Geneva (1562) 159 9.6 Jeanne de Jussie: The Short Chronicle. A Poor Clare’s Account of the Reformation in Geneva 160 9.7 The Ecclesiastical Ordinances of 1541 162 9.8 Calvin to Kaspar Olevianus regarding the churches in Heidelberg (1560) 163 9.9 François de Bonivard: On the Ecclesiastical Polity of Geneva 164 9.10 Calvin: Institutes of the Christian Religion 165 9.11 Calvin: The Geneva Catechism (1545) 168 9.12 Ordinances Concerning Church Polity in Geneva (1546) 169 9.13 Calvin: Short Treatise on the Holy Supper of our Lord Jesus Christ (1542) 170 9.14 Calvin on Luther: Letter to Heinrich Bullinger (1544) 171 9.15 The Consensus Tigurinus (1549) 171 9.16 A Letter from the Geneva Company of Pastors to the Swiss Churches on Jerome Bolsec (1551) 173 9.17 Calvin: “The Consent Of The Pastors Of The Church Of Christ At Geneva, Concerning ‘The Eternal Predestination Of God,’ By Which He Has Chosen Some Men Unto Salvation, While He Has Left Others To Their Own Destruction .” 173 9.18 Servetus: Letter to Abel Poupin, Minister in Geneva (1547?) 174 9.19 The Trial of Michael Servetus (1553) 174 9.20 Servetus: Plea for Religious Liberty 175 9.21 Servetus: Petition from Prison to the Geneva Council 175 9.22 The Sentence of the Geneva Council (1553) 175 9.23 Castellio: Concerning Heretics 176 10 The Reformation in France 178 10.1 Jacques Lefèvre: Commentary on the Epistles of St. Paul (1512) 179 10.2 Lefèvre: Preface to Latin Commentary on the Gospels (1522) 179 10.3 Lefèvre: Letters to Farel (1524) 179 10.4 The Sorbonne Condemnation of Lefèvre’s “Fifty-Two Sundays” (1525) 180 10.5 Florimond de Raemond: Heresy at Meaux 180 10.6 Marie Dentière: Epistle to Marguerite de Navarre (1539) 181 10.7 The Message of the Placards 182 10.8 Letter to Geneva from Five Evangelical Students Imprisoned in Lyon (1552) 182 10.9 Nicolas des Gallars, Pastor in Paris, to His Genevan Colleagues (1557) 183 10.10 Calvin’s Response to Des Gallars (1557) 183 10.11 Letter from the Company of Pastors to the Church in Paris (1557) 184 10.12 The French Confession of Faith (1559) 185 10.13 The Report of the Venetian Ambassador in France (1561) 186 10.14 Michel de L’Hôpital: Speech to the Estates-General of Orleans (1560) 187 10.15 Beza’s Account of the Colloquy of Poissy (1561) 188 10.16 St. Bartholomew’s Eve (From Amsterdam, August 30, 1572) 189 10.17 The Duke of Sully’s Account of the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 189 10.18 The Murder of Henry, Third Duke of Guise, at Blois (1588) 190 10.19 Report of the Assassination of Henry III (1589) 191 10.20 Henry IV Ascends the Throne (1589) 192 10.21 Henry IV Becomes a Catholic (1593) 192 10.22 The Pope’s Pardon for Henry IV (1595) 192 10.23 The Edict of Nantes (1598) 193 11 The Reformation in the Netherlands 195 11.1 The Venetian Ambassador on Philip II (1559) 196 11.2 Philip II: The Edict of 1555 196 11.3 The Belgic Confession of Faith (1561) 197 11.4 Pieter Titelmans, Inquisitor to Regent Margaret of Parma Kortrijk (1562) 198 11.5 Description of “Hedge-Preaching” Given to Regent Margaret (1566) 199 11.6 Philip Marnix on Mob Violence in the Netherlands (1567) 199 11.7 “Request” of the Nobles, Presented to Regent Margaret by Henry Brederode (1566) 200 11.8 “The Request of Those of the New Religion to the Confederate Nobles” (1567) 201 11.9 Philip II: Letter to Pope Pius V on the Religious Question in the Netherlands (1566) 201 11.10 The Goals of William of Orange (1572) 202 11.11 Calvinists Appeal to the King for a Truce (1578) 202 11.12 Beutterich on the Possible Consequences of a Truce (1578) 203 11.13 Act of Abjuration (1581) 203 11.14 Philip II Refuses to Concede Toleration (1585) 204 12 The Reformations in England and Scotland 205 12.1 William Melton, Chancellor of York Minster: Sermon to Ordinands (c.1510) 206 12.2 Simon Fish: A Supplication for the Beggars (1529) 207 12.3 John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments: Lollardy on the Eve of the Reformation 207 12.4 John Foxe on Robert Barnes 208 12.5 Edward Hall: A Protestant Merchant Outwits a Bishop (1529) 208 12.6 A Report of Henry VIII by the Venetian Ambassador (1519) 209 12.7 The Act of Supremacy (1534) 210 12.8 The Act of the Six Articles (1539) 210 12.9 Anne Askew: The Examinations (1545, 1546) 211 12.10 Tyndale’s Preface to the New Testament (1526) 211 12.11 Thomas Cranmer’s Preface to the Great Bible (1540) 212 12.12 The Preface to the Geneva Bible (1560) 212 12.13 The Preface to the Rheims New Testament (1582) 212 12.14 The Preface to the Authorized (King James) Version of the Bible (1611) 213 12.15 Thomas Cranmer: Certain Sermons, or Homilies (1547) 213 12.16 The Act of Uniformity (1549) 214 12.17 Act to Take Away All Positive Laws Against Marriage of Priests (1549) 214 12.18 The Marian Injunctions (1554) 215 12.19 The Act of Supremacy (1559) 215 12.20 The Elizabethan Injunctions (1559) 216 12.21 John Jewel: An Apologie of the Church of England (1560/61) 217 12.22 The Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England (1571) 218 12.23 John Hooper: The Regulative Principle and Things Indifferent (1550) 219 12.24 John à Lasco: The Abolition of Vestments (1552?) 220 12.25 The Excommunication and Deposition of Elizabeth: Pope Pius V’s Bull “Regnans in Excelsis” (1570) 221 12.26 Eyewitness Account of the Execution of Mary Stuart on the 18th Day of February of the New Calendar, in the Castle of Fotheringhay in England (1587) 222 13 Catholic Renewal and Counter-Reformation 224 13.1 Girolamo Savonarola: “On the Renovation of the Church” (1495) 225 13.2 John Colet: Convocation Sermon (1512) 226 13.3 Egidio da Viterbo: “Address to the Fifth Lateran Council” (1512) 227 13.4 Gasparo Contarini’s Conversion Experience (1511) 228 13.5 Contarini on Justification (1523) 228 13.6 Pope Adrian VI: Instruction to the Diet of Nuremberg (1522) 229 13.7 Proposal of a Select Committee of Cardinals and other Prelates Concerning the Reform of the Church, Written and Presented by Order of His Holiness Pope Paul III (1537) 230 13.8 Anonymous: The Beneficio di Christo (1543) 231 13.9 Morata: Letter to Lavinia della Rovere Orsini (1551/52) 232 13.10 Morata: Letter to Matthias Flacius Illyricus (1553) 232 13.11 Morata to Pietro Paolo Vergerio (1555) 233 13.12 Henry Cornelius Agrippa: “The Art of the Inquisitors” (1530) 233 13.13 Loyola’s Conversion 234 13.14 Pope Paul III: Regimini Militantis Ecclesiae (1540) 234 13.15 Loyola: “Rules for Thinking with the Church” 235 13.16 Loyola: Letter to Father Peter Canisius on Opposing Heresy (1554) 236 13.17 The Council of Trent on the Canonical Scriptures (1546) 236 13.18 Decree and Canons Concerning Justification (1547) 237 13.19 Canons on the Sacraments in General, Seventh Session (1547) 238 13.20 Decree Concerning the Eucharist (1551) 238 13.21 Antonius Caucus: Sermon for the Opening of Session Eighteen (1562) 239 13.22 The Sacrifice of the Mass, Twenty-Second Session (1562) 240 13.23 Ten Rules Concerning Prohibited Books Drawn Up by the Fathers Chosen by the Council of Trent and Approved by Pope Pius IV 240 13.24 Juan de Mariana, SJ: “Whether It Is Right to Destroy a Tyrant?” (1599) 241 13.25 Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda: “On the Indians” (c.1547) 242 13.26 Bartolomé de las Casas: “On the Indians” (1552) 242 Bibliography 244 Acknowledgments to Sources 250 Index 271

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Book SynopsisThis revised and expanded volume brings together a carefully-selected collection of primary sources drawn from medieval and sixteenth-century texts. Particularly notable for its comprehensive coverage, it consolidates a broad range of important documents, which until now, have been scattered through numerous volumes of primary materials.Table of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition xvi Preface to the First Edition xviii Abbreviations xx 1 The Late Middle Ages 1 1.1 Jean de Venette: Chronicle 3 1.2 Social Tensions: The Reformation of the Emperor Sigismund (c.1438) 3 1.3 The Crisis of Values: “Reynard the Fox” (1498) 4 1.4 Jakob Wimpfeling: The Origins of Printing, from Epitome Rerum Germanicarum (1505) 5 1.5 Sebastian Brant: The Ship of Fools 5 1.6 “The Piper of Niklashausen,” A Report of His Preaching (1476) 7 1.7 Ulrich von Hutten: Vadiscum oder die Römishe Dreifaltigkeit (1519) 8 1.8 Jacob Wimpfeling: Grievances of the German Nation (1515) 8 1.9 Pope Boniface VIII: Unam Sanctam (1302) 9 1.10 Pope Clement VI: Unigenitus Dei Filius (1343) 10 1.11 Pope Sixtus IV: Salvator Noster (1476) 10 1.12 Marsilius of Padua: Defensor Pacis (1324) 10 1.13 Conciliarism: Opinion of the University of Paris (1393) 11 1.14 Pierre D’Ailly: Conciliar Principles (1409) 11 1.15 The Council of Constance: Haec Sancta (1415) and Frequens (1417) 12 1.16 Pope Pius II: Execrabilis (1460) 12 1.17 Pope Leo X: Pastor Aeternus (1516) 13 1.18 John Wyclif: “On Indulgences” 13 1.19 John Hus: The Treatise on the Church 13 1.20 Gabriel Biel: “Doing What is in One” 14 1.21 Johannes Tauler, OP: Sermon Extract 14 1.22 Theologia Deutsch 15 1.23 Ludolf of Saxony: Vita Jesu Christi 15 1.24 Gerard Zerbolt: The Spiritual Ascents 16 1.25 Thomas à Kempis: The Imitation of Christ 16 1.26 Johannes von Staupitz: Sermon Extracts 17 1.27 Dietrich Kolde: A Fruitful Mirror or Small Handbook for Christians (1508) 17 1.28 François Rabelais: On Education 18 1.29 Lorenzo Valla: The Falsely Believed and Forged Donation of Constantine 19 1.30 Nicholas of Lyra: Interpretation of the Bible 19 1.31 Desiderius Erasmus: Praise of Folly (1509) 20 1.32 Erasmus, “Letter to Martin Dorp” (1515) 21 1.33 Ulrich von Hutten: Letters from Obscure Men (1515) 21 2 The Dawn of a New Era 23 2.1 Martin Luther: Recollections of Becoming a Monk 24 2.2 Luther’s Conversion 25 2.3 Luther’s Theological Emphases 25 2.4 Luther: “Disputation Against Scholastic Theology” (1517) 26 2.5 “Official Catalogue” of Relics in the Wittenberg Castle Church 27 2.6 Archbishop Albert of Mainz: The Commission of Indulgences 27 2.7 Tetzel: A Sample Sermon 28 2.8 A Contemporary Description of Indulgence Selling 29 2.9 “The Robbing of Tetzel” 29 2.10 Luther: “The Ninety-five Theses” (1517) 29 2.11 Bucer’s Description of Luther at the Heidelberg Disputation (1518) 30 2.12 Prierias: Dialogue Against the Arrogant Theses of Martin Luther on the Power of the Pope (1518) 31 2.13 Luther’s Hearing before Cardinal Cajetan at Augsburg (1518) 31 2.14 Georg Spalatin: Recollections of Frederick the Wise on Luther 32 2.15 Peter Mosellanus: Description of Luther, Karlstadt, and Eck at the Leipzig Debate 32 2.16 Capito: Letter of Support to Luther (February 1519) 33 2.17 Luther: Treatise on Good Works (June 1520) 34 2.18 Luther: To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate (1520) 34 2.19 Luther: The Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520) 37 2.20 Luther: The Freedom of a Christian (1520) 40 2.21 Pope Leo X: “Exsurge domine” (June 15, 1520) 41 2.22 The Papal Nuncio’s Reports from the Diet of Worms 41 2.23 Luther before Emperor and Empire at the Diet of Worms (1521) 42 2.24 Charles V: Message to his Council (April 19, 1521) 43 2.25 The Edict of Worms (May 26, 1521) 44 2.26 Albrecht Dürer’s Diary: Rumors of Luther’s Capture (1521) 45 3 Implementation of Reforms 46 3.1 Thomas More to Martin Dorp (1515) 47 3.2 Erasmus: Paraclesis (1516) 48 3.3 Luther: “On Translating: An Open Letter” (1530) 48 3.4 Luther: A Brief Instruction on What to Look For and Expect in the Gospels (1521) 49 3.5 Jörg Vögeli: Letter to Konrad Zwick (1523) 50 3.6 Philipp Melanchthon: “On Improving the Studies of Youth” (1518) 50 3.7 Melanchthon: “Theses Against Scholastic Theology” (1520) 51 3.8 Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt: “The 151 Theses” (1517) 52 3.9 Karlstadt: The Meaning of the Term “Gelassen” and Where in Holy Scripture It is Found (1523) 52 3.10 “The Hammer of Witches” (1486) 53 3.11 Karlstadt: Exposition of Numbers 30 Which Speaks of Vows (1522) 54 3.12 Luther: The Judgment of Martin Luther on Monastic Vows (1521) 54 3.13 Luther: The Estate of Marriage (1522) 55 3.14 Ursala of Münsterberg: A Nun Explains Her Leaving the Convent (1528) 56 3.15 Argula von Grumbach 56 3.16 Katharina Schütz Zell: Writings on Reformation and Marriage 57 3.17 Katherine Rem: A Nun Rejects the Reformation (1523) 58 3.18 Caritas Pirckheimer: A Journal of the Reformation Years 1524–1528 58 3.19 Karlstadt: On the Abolition of Images and That There Should Be No Beggars Among Christians (1522) 59 3.20 The Wittenberg Movement: The University Report to Elector Frederick (1521) 61 3.21 The Wittenberg Movement by the End of 1522 61 3.22 Nicholas Hausmann: A Report Concerning the Zwickau Prophets (1521) 62 3.23 Melanchthon: Report to Frederick on the Situation in Wittenberg (1521) 62 3.24 Luther: Letter to Elector Frederick (1522) 63 3.25 Luther: The Invocavit Sermons (1522) 64 3.26 Luther: Against the Heavenly Prophets (1525) 65 3.27 Karlstadt: Several Main Points of Christian Teaching Regarding Which Dr. Luther Brings Andreas Carlstadt Under Suspicion Through False Accusation and Slander (1525) 66 4 Social Welfare and Education 68 4.1 Canon Law 69 4.2 Johann Geiler of Kaysersberg: “Concerning Begging” 69 4.3 The Nuremberg Begging Order of 1478 70 4.4 Luther: “Foreword” to Mathias Hütlin’s The Book of Vagabonds (1510) 71 4.5 Luther: The Blessed Sacrament of the Holy and True Body of Christ and the Brotherhoods (1519) 72 4.6 Anonymous: “What is Loan-Interest Other than Usury?” (1522) 73 4.7 Luther: Trade and Usury (1524) 74 4.8 Luther: “That Clergy Should Preach Against Usury” (1540) 75 4.9 Social Welfare Legislation: The City of Wittenberg (1522) 76 4.10 Social Welfare Legislation: Leisnig (1523) 77 4.11 A Conversation Concerning the Common Chest of Schwabach, Namely by Brother Heinrich, Knecht Ruprecht, Spitler, and Their Master of the Wool Trade (1524) 78 4.12 Luther: To the Councilmen of All Cities in Germany that They Establish and Maintain Christian Schools (1524) 79 4.13 Luther: A Sermon on Keeping Children in School (1530) 80 4.14 Luther: The Small Catechism (1529) 81 4.15 Luther: The Large Catechism (1529) 82 5 The Reformation of the Common Man 85 5.1 Müntzer to Luther (1520) 86 5.2 Müntzer: Prague Manifesto (1521) 86 5.3 Müntzer to Melanchthon (1522) 87 5.4 Karlstadt: Whether One Should Proceed Slowly (1524) 87 5.5 Luther: Letter to the Christians at Strassburg in Opposition to the Fanatic Spirit (1524) 88 5.6 Luther: Letter to the Princes of Saxony Concerning the Rebellious Spirit (1524) 89 5.7 Müntzer to the People of Erfurt (1525) 90 5.8 Müntzer to Frederick the Wise (1524) 90 5.9 Müntzer: Vindication and Refutation (1524) 91 5.10 Müntzer: Sermon to the Princes (1524) 92 5.11 The Twelve Articles of the Upper Swabian Peasants (1525) 92 5.12 Luther: Admonition to Peace. A Reply to the Twelve Articles of the Peasants in Swabia (1525) 94 5.13 Aspects of Müntzer’s Military Campaign 95 5.14 The Massacre of Weinsberg (April 16, 1525): Report of the Parson Johann Herolt 96 5.15 Müntzer to the People of Allstedt (1525) 96 5.16 Müntzer’s Revolutionary “Ring of Justice” in the Camp of the Frankenhausen Army 97 5.17 Luther: Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants (1525) 97 5.18 Luther: An Open Letter on the Harsh Book Against the Peasants (1525) 98 5.19 The Account of Hans Hut (1527) 99 5.20 Johann Rühl, Mansfeld Councillor, to Martin Luther (1525) 99 5.21 Aftermath of the Peasants’ War: Report of the Bernese Chronicler, Valerius Anshelm 100 5.22 The Consequences of Luther’s Stance during the Peasants’ War: Hermann Mühlpfort, Mayor of Zwickau, to Stephan Roth at Wittenberg (1525) 100 6 The Swiss Connection: Zwingli and the Reformation in Zurich 102 6.1 Zwingli’s Invitation to Zurich (1518) 103 6.2 Mandate of the Zurich Mayor and Council for Scriptural Preaching (1520) 104 6.3 Heinrich Bullinger: Account of Zwingli’s Preaching Against Mercenary Service in 1521 104 6.4 The Affair of the Sausages 104 6.5 Christopher Froschauer’s Defense (1522) 105 6.6 Zwingli: Concerning Choice and Liberty Respecting Food – Concerning Offense and Vexation – Whether Anyone Has Power to Forbid Foods at Certain Times – Opinion of Huldreich Zwingli (1522) 105 6.7 Petition of Certain Preachers of Switzerland to the Most Reverend Lord Hugo, Bishop of Constance, That He Will Not Suffer Himself to be Persuaded to Make Any Proclamation to the Injury of the Gospel, Nor Endure Longer the Scandal of Harlotry, But Allow the Priests to Marry Wives or at Least Would Wink at Their Marriages (1522) 106 6.8 Ordinance for Reform of the Great Minster (1523) 106 6.9 Institution of the Prophesy in Zurich 107 6.10 Zwingli: “Short Christian Instruction” (1523) 108 6.11 Removal of Relics and Organs (1524) 109 6.12 The Council’s Mandate for Church-Going (1531) 109 6.13 Zwingli’s View of Luther 109 6.14 Zwingli: Of the Clarity and Certainty of the Word of God (1522) 110 6.15 Zwingli: The Sixty-Seven Articles (1523) 111 6.16 The First Zurich Disputation (January 23, 1523) 112 6.17 The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) 113 6.18 The Second Council of Lyons (1274) 113 6.19 Karlstadt: “Dialogue” on the Lord’s Supper (1524) 113 6.20 Zwingli: “Letter to Matthew Alber Concerning the Lord’s Supper” (1524) 115 6.21 Zwingli: Friendly Exegesis, That Is, Exposition of the Matter of the Eucharist, Addressed to Martin Luther by Huldrych Zwingli (1527) 116 6.22 Luther: Confession Concerning Christ’s Supper (1528) 116 6.23 The Marburg Colloquy and Articles (1529) 117 6.24 Erasmus to Martin Bucer (1527) 118 6.25 Willibald Pirckheimer: Humanist Disappointment with the Reformation (1530) 119 7 The Radical Reformations 120 7.1 Zwingli: Refutation of the Tricks of the Baptists (1527) 121 7.2 Anabaptism Begins (1525) 122 7.3 The Second Zurich Disputation (1523) 123 7.4 Conrad Grebel and Companions to Müntzer (1524) 123 7.5 Mantz’s Petition of Defense, Zurich (1524) 124 7.6 Hubmaier to Oecolampadius on Baptism (1525) 125 7.7 The Zurich Council Orders Infant Baptism, and Silence (1525) 125 7.8 The Council Orders Anabaptists to Be Drowned (1526) 125 7.9 Zwingli: Of Baptism (1525) 126 7.10 The Schleitheim Confession of Faith [Seven Articles] (1527) 127 7.11 The Banishment of Blaurock and Execution of Mantz 128 7.12 The Trial and Martyrdom of Michael Sattler (1527) 128 7.13 Johann Eck: Letter to Duke George of Saxony on the Anabaptists (1527) 130 7.14 Bernard Rothmann: A Confession of Faith and Life in the Church of Christ of Münster (1534) 131 7.15 The Twelve Elders of Münster: “Thirteen Statements of the Order of Life” and “A Code for Public Behavior” (mid-1534) 131 7.16 Appeal to Outsiders to Join the “New Jerusalem” in Münster 132 7.17 The Death of the “Prophet” Jan Matthijs 133 7.18 Communism in the City of Münster 133 7.19 The Introduction of Polygamy in the City of Münster 134 7.20 Rothmann: A Restitution of Christian Teaching, Faith, and Life (1534) 134 7.21 Rothmann: Concerning Revenge (1534) 135 7.22 The Capture, Torture, Confession, and Execution of Jan van Leiden 136 8 Augsburg 1530 to Augsburg 1555: Reform and Politics 137 8.1 Reform Programme of the Bishop of Pomerania (1525) 138 8.2 The Speech from the Throne (1526) 139 8.3 The Declaration of the Cities (1526) 139 8.4 The Recess of the Diet (1526) 140 8.5 The Speech from the Throne (1529) 140 8.6 The Resolution of the Majority (1529) 141 8.7 The Resolution of the Minority (1529) 141 8.8 Cardinal Campeggio’s Instructions to the Emperor (1530) 142 8.9 Dukes William IV and Louis X of Bavaria to the Theological Faculty of Ingolstadt University (1530) 143 8.10 Johannes Eck: “404 Articles” on the Errors of the Reformers (1530) 143 8.11 The Advice of Dr. Brück, Chancellor of Electoral Saxony (1530) 144 8.12 The Augsburg Confession (1530) 144 8.13 Cardinal Legate Campeggio’s Response to the Augsburg Confession (1530) 145 8.14 Confutation of the Augsburg Confession (1530) 146 8.15 The Recess of the Diet of Augsburg (1530) 147 8.16 Luther: Temporal Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed (1523) 147 8.17 Judgment of the Saxon Jurists (1530) 148 8.18 Luther: Letter to Lazarus Spengler in Nuremberg (1531) 148 8.19 Luther: Dr. Martin Luther’s Warning to his Dear German People (1531) 149 8.20 Luther: Disputation Concerning the Right to Resist the Emperor (1539) 150 8.21 Nicholas Gallus et al.: A Confession of the Magdeburg Pastors Concerning Resistance to the Superior Magistrate (1550) 150 8.22 Sastrow’s account of preaching during the Interim 151 8.23 The Peace of Augsburg (1555) 152 8.24 Charles V: Abdication Speech, Brussels (1556) 153 9 The Genevan Reformation 154 9.1 John Calvin: Conversion and Development 155 9.2 Nicolas Cop: Rector’s Address to the University of Paris (1533) 156 9.3 Apology of John Calvin to the Gentlemen, the Nicodemites (1544) 157 9.4 Calvin: A Very Useful Account concerning the Great Benefit that Christianity will Receive if it takes an inventory of all the sacred bodies and relics which are in Italy, France, Germany, Spain, and other kingdoms and countries (1543) 158 9.5 Michel Roset: Chronicles of Geneva (1562) 159 9.6 Jeanne de Jussie: The Short Chronicle. A Poor Clare’s Account of the Reformation in Geneva 160 9.7 The Ecclesiastical Ordinances of 1541 162 9.8 Calvin to Kaspar Olevianus regarding the churches in Heidelberg (1560) 163 9.9 François de Bonivard: On the Ecclesiastical Polity of Geneva 164 9.10 Calvin: Institutes of the Christian Religion 165 9.11 Calvin: The Geneva Catechism (1545) 168 9.12 Ordinances Concerning Church Polity in Geneva (1546) 169 9.13 Calvin: Short Treatise on the Holy Supper of our Lord Jesus Christ (1542) 170 9.14 Calvin on Luther: Letter to Heinrich Bullinger (1544) 171 9.15 The Consensus Tigurinus (1549) 171 9.16 A Letter from the Geneva Company of Pastors to the Swiss Churches on Jerome Bolsec (1551) 173 9.17 Calvin: “The Consent Of The Pastors Of The Church Of Christ At Geneva, Concerning ‘The Eternal Predestination Of God,’ By Which He Has Chosen Some Men Unto Salvation, While He Has Left Others To Their Own Destruction . . .” 173 9.18 Servetus: Letter to Abel Poupin, Minister in Geneva (1547?) 174 9.19 The Trial of Michael Servetus (1553) 174 9.20 Servetus: Plea for Religious Liberty 175 9.21 Servetus: Petition from Prison to the Geneva Council 175 9.22 The Sentence of the Geneva Council (1553) 175 9.23 Castellio: Concerning Heretics 176 10 The Reformation in France 178 10.1 Jacques Lefèvre: Commentary on the Epistles of St. Paul (1512) 179 10.2 Lefèvre: Preface to Latin Commentary on the Gospels (1522) 179 10.3 Lefèvre: Letters to Farel (1524) 179 10.4 The Sorbonne Condemnation of Lefèvre’s “Fifty-Two Sundays” (1525) 180 10.5 Florimond de Raemond: Heresy at Meaux 180 10.6 Marie Dentière: Epistle to Marguerite de Navarre (1539) 181 10.7 The Message of the Placards 182 10.8 Letter to Geneva from Five Evangelical Students Imprisoned in Lyon (1552) 182 10.9 Nicolas des Gallars, Pastor in Paris, to His Genevan Colleagues (1557) 183 10.10 Calvin’s Response to Des Gallars (1557) 183 10.11 Letter from the Company of Pastors to the Church in Paris (1557) 184 10.12 The French Confession of Faith (1559) 185 10.13 The Report of the Venetian Ambassador in France (1561) 186 10.14 Michel de L’Hôpital: Speech to the Estates-General of Orleans (1560) 187 10.15 Beza’s Account of the Colloquy of Poissy (1561) 188 10.16 St. Bartholomew’s Eve (From Amsterdam, August 30, 1572) 189 10.17 The Duke of Sully’s Account of the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 189 10.18 The Murder of Henry, Third Duke of Guise, at Blois (1588) 190 10.19 Report of the Assassination of Henry III (1589) 191 10.20 Henry IV Ascends the Throne (1589) 192 10.21 Henry IV Becomes a Catholic (1593) 192 10.22 The Pope’s Pardon for Henry IV (1595) 192 10.23 The Edict of Nantes (1598) 193 11 The Reformation in the Netherlands 195 11.1 The Venetian Ambassador on Philip II (1559) 196 11.2 Philip II: The Edict of 1555 196 11.3 The Belgic Confession of Faith (1561) 197 11.4 Pieter Titelmans, Inquisitor to Regent Margaret of Parma Kortrijk (1562) 198 11.5 Description of “Hedge-Preaching” Given to Regent Margaret (1566) 199 11.6 Philip Marnix on Mob Violence in the Netherlands (1567) 199 11.7 “Request” of the Nobles, Presented to Regent Margaret by Henry Brederode (1566) 200 11.8 “The Request of Those of the New Religion to the Confederate Nobles” (1567) 201 11.9 Philip II: Letter to Pope Pius V on the Religious Question in the Netherlands (1566) 201 11.10 The Goals of William of Orange (1572) 202 11.11 Calvinists Appeal to the King for a Truce (1578) 202 11.12 Beutterich on the Possible Consequences of a Truce (1578) 203 11.13 Act of Abjuration (1581) 203 11.14 Philip II Refuses to Concede Toleration (1585) 204 12 The Reformations in England and Scotland 205 12.1 William Melton, Chancellor of York Minster: Sermon to Ordinands (c.1510) 206 12.2 Simon Fish: A Supplication for the Beggars (1529) 207 12.3 John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments: Lollardy on the Eve of the Reformation 207 12.4 John Foxe on Robert Barnes 208 12.5 Edward Hall: A Protestant Merchant Outwits a Bishop (1529) 208 12.6 A Report of Henry VIII by the Venetian Ambassador (1519) 209 12.7 The Act of Supremacy (1534) 210 12.8 The Act of the Six Articles (1539) 210 12.9 Anne Askew: The Examinations (1545, 1546) 211 12.10 Tyndale’s Preface to the New Testament (1526) 211 12.11 Thomas Cranmer’s Preface to the Great Bible (1540) 212 12.12 The Preface to the Geneva Bible (1560) 212 12.13 The Preface to the Rheims New Testament (1582) 212 12.14 The Preface to the Authorized (King James) Version of the Bible (1611) 213 12.15 Thomas Cranmer: Certain Sermons, or Homilies (1547) 213 12.16 The Act of Uniformity (1549) 214 12.17 Act to Take Away All Positive Laws Against Marriage of Priests (1549) 214 12.18 The Marian Injunctions (1554) 215 12.19 The Act of Supremacy (1559) 215 12.20 The Elizabethan Injunctions (1559) 216 12.21 John Jewel: An Apologie of the Church of England (1560/61) 217 12.22 The Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England (1571) 218 12.23 John Hooper: The Regulative Principle and Things Indifferent (1550) 219 12.24 John à Lasco: The Abolition of Vestments (1552?) 220 12.25 The Excommunication and Deposition of Elizabeth: Pope Pius V’s Bull “Regnans in Excelsis” (1570) 221 12.26 Eyewitness Account of the Execution of Mary Stuart on the 18th Day of February of the New Calendar, in the Castle of Fotheringhay in England (1587) 222 13 Catholic Renewal and Counter-Reformation 224 13.1 Girolamo Savonarola: “On the Renovation of the Church” (1495) 225 13.2 John Colet: Convocation Sermon (1512) 226 13.3 Egidio da Viterbo: “Address to the Fifth Lateran Council” (1512) 227 13.4 Gasparo Contarini’s Conversion Experience (1511) 228 13.5 Contarini on Justification (1523) 228 13.6 Pope Adrian VI: Instruction to the Diet of Nuremberg (1522) 229 13.7 Proposal of a Select Committee of Cardinals and other Prelates Concerning the Reform of the Church, Written and Presented by Order of His Holiness Pope Paul III (1537) 230 13.8 Anonymous: The Beneficio di Christo (1543) 231 13.9 Morata: Letter to Lavinia della Rovere Orsini (1551/52) 232 13.10 Morata: Letter to Matthias Flacius Illyricus (1553) 232 13.11 Morata to Pietro Paolo Vergerio (1555) 233 13.12 Henry Cornelius Agrippa: “The Art of the Inquisitors” (1530) 233 13.13 Loyola’s Conversion 234 13.14 Pope Paul III: Regimini Militantis Ecclesiae (1540) 234 13.15 Loyola: “Rules for Thinking with the Church” 235 13.16 Loyola: Letter to Father Peter Canisius on Opposing Heresy (1554) 236 13.17 The Council of Trent on the Canonical Scriptures (1546) 236 13.18 Decree and Canons Concerning Justification (1547) 237 13.19 Canons on the Sacraments in General, Seventh Session (1547) 238 13.20 Decree Concerning the Eucharist (1551) 238 13.21 Antonius Caucus: Sermon for the Opening of Session Eighteen (1562) 239 13.22 The Sacrifice of the Mass, Twenty-Second Session (1562) 240 13.23 Ten Rules Concerning Prohibited Books Drawn Up By The Fathers Chosen By the Council of Trent and Approved by Pope Pius IV 240 13.24 Juan de Mariana, SJ: “Whether It Is Right to Destroy a Tyrant?” (1599) 241 13.25 Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda: “On the Indians” (c.1547) 242 13.26 Bartolomé de las Casas: “On the Indians” (1552) 242 Bibliography 244 Acknowledgments to Sources 250 Index 271

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Book SynopsisPublished in 1906, Essays on the Modern Japanese Church was the first Japanese-language history of Christianity in Meiji Japan. Yamaji Aizan's account describes the reintroduction of Christianity to Japan - its development, rapid expansion, and decline - and its place in the social, political, and intellectual life of the Meiji period.

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Book SynopsisFocuses on the priests dedicated to the worship of the Roman imperial family in order to contextualize their role in how imperial power was perceived in the provincial communities and the ways in which communities chose to employ religious practices. Special emphasis is given to the provinces in Gaul, Spain, and North Africa.

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Book SynopsisAsking how Christianity succeeded in becoming the dominant ideology in the unpromising circumstances of the Roman Empire, the author turns to the development of Christian discourse over the first to sixth centuries AD, investigating its essential characteristics, its effects on existing forms of communication, and its eventual preeminence.

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Book SynopsisThe 15 hagiographies of holy women of the Syrian Orient collected here include stories of martyrs' passions and saints' lives, pious romances and personal reminiscences. Dating from the 4th to 7th centuries AD, they are translated from Syriac into accessible prose.Table of ContentsNote on the Translation and Acknowledgments Abbreviations Map Preface to the Paperback Edition Updated Bibliography on Women in Syriac Christianity Introduction 1 • Mary, the Niece of Abraham of Qidun Introduction Mary 2 • Pelagia of Antioch Introduction Pelagia 3 • Persian Martyrs Introduction A. Martha B. Tarbo C. Martyrs ofKarka d-Beth Slokh (Kirkuk) D. History of Karka d-Beth Slokh E. Thekla and Companions F. Anahid 4 ·Women Martyrs of Najran Introduction A. From Simeon of Beth Arsham's Second Letter B. From the Book of the Himyarites 5 ·From the Lives of the Eastern Saints, by John of Ephesus Introduction A. Mary and Euphemia B. Susan 6 • Anastasia Introduction Anastasia 7 • Febronia Introduction Febronia 8 • Shirin Introduction Shirin Bibliography and Sources Index of Names

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Book SynopsisArgues that the inter-religious polemic between Judaism and Christianity served as a substantial component in the mutual formation of each of the two religions of Christianity and Judaism.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Preface to the Hebrew Edition Preface to the English Edition 1. Introduction: Et Major Serviet Minori (And the Elder Will Serve the Younger) The Thematic Framework The Early Typology: Esau Id Est Edom The Late Typology: Edom Id Est Roma The Conciliatory Approach of Modern Research The Mother, the Daughter, and the Sister 2. Rome or Jerusalem: The Foundations of Jewish-Christian Hostility The Sons of Ephraim and the Son of Joseph Vindicta Salvatoris (The Vengeance of the Savior) Legends of the Destruction--Anti-Christian? The Passover of Egypt and the Passover of Jerusalem Development of the Stories Parallels between the Jewish Haggadah and the Christian "Haggadahs" The "Midrash" of the Haggadah Conclusions A Note on the Research 3. The Vengeance and the Curse: Hostility to Christianity among Ashkenazic Jewry Vengeful Redemption Proselytizing Redemption The Curse The Curse on Yom Kippur Pour Out Thy Wrath The Impression of the Curses on Christians 4. Intersecting Stories: From Martyrdom to Ritual Murder Accusations The Blood Self-Sacrifice Sacrifice of Children The Libel The Impact of the Blood Sacrifice on Christians The Libel of Blois and the Story of Bristol 5. Inverted Ceremonies: The Host, the Matzah, and the Quarrel The Great Sabbath The Burning of Leaven The Eruv of Courtyards The Afikoman Haroset Summary 6. The End of the Millennium (1240): Jewish Hopes, Christian Fears Calculations of the End at the Turn of the Jewish Millennium Messianism, Immigration to the Land of Israel, and Settling the Land Fulda 1235, Paris 1240: Christian Reactions? The Mongolian Threat: The Ten Tribes? Gog and Magog? A Synchronic Overview A Jewish End and a Christian End Index

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Book SynopsisGlobally known as Amma, meaning Mother, Mata Amritanandamayi has developed a massive transnational humanitarian organization based in hugs. She is familiar to millions as the hugging saint, a moniker that derives from her elaborate darshan programs wherein nearly every day ten thousand people are embraced by the guru one at a time, events that routinely last ten to twenty hours without any rest for her. Although she was born in 1953 as a low-caste girl in a South Indian fishing village, today millions revere her as guru and goddess, a living embodiment of the divine on earth. Reflections of Amma focuses on communities of Amma's devotees in the United States, showing how they endeavor to mirror their guru's behaviors and transform themselves to emulate the ethos of the movement. This study argues that inheritors and adopters of Hindu traditions differently interpret Hindu goddesses, Amma, and her relation to feminism and women's empowerment because of their inherited religious, culturalTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Note on Language INTRODUCTION Situating Amma as Female Guru in the Context of American Multiculturalism ONE A Darshan Embrace: Experiencing Authenticity and Feeling Recognition TWO Devi Bhava: Revelation and Performance of the Guru as Goddess THREE The Avatar-Guru and Ordinary Women: the Boundaries of Mimetic Behavioral Models FOUR Culturally-Situated Testimonies: Differing Interpretations of the Role of the Goddess FIVE Congregational Dynamics: Growing Pains En Route from the Particular to the Universal CONCLUSION Multiculturalism, Universalism, and Communal Identity: the Guru in the American Diaspora APPENDIX I: Current Literature Engaging the Field of Contemporary Gurus NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX

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Book SynopsisInvestigates late antique Christian heresiologies as ethnographies that catalogued and detailed the origins, rituals, doctrines, and customs of the heretics in explicitly polemical and theological terms.Trade Review"Berzon's book offers a potent epistemological reflection on the production, organization, and limits of knowledge in late antiquity... a finely articulated meditation on the effects of theological and ethnographic ancient list-making." Bryn Mawr Classical Review "Classifying Christians is a remarkable book... indispensable." Reading ReligionTable of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Abbreviations Introduction: Writing People, Writing Religion 1. Heresiology as Ethnography: The Ethnographic Disposition 2. Comparing Theologies and Comparing Peoples: The Customs, Doctrines, and Dispositions of the Heretics 3. Contesting Ethnography: Heretical Models of Human and Cosmic Plurality 4. Christianized Ethnography: Paradigms of Heresiological Knowledge 5. Knowledge Fair and Foul: The Rhetoric of Heresiological Inquiry 6. The Infinity of Continuity: Epiphanius of Salamis and the Limits of the Ethnographic Disposition 7. From Ethnography to List: Transcribing and Traversing Heresy Epilogue: The Legacy of Heresiology Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisWas Christmas always as commercialized as it is today? Is Thanksgiving a religious or secular holiday? When did we begin trick-or-treating on Halloween? This book reveals answers to questions about each holiday's traditions.Trade Review"This slender book, which is adorned with whimsical drawings of Cupid and Santa Claus, is deceptively thought-provoking. Bruce David Forbes, a professor of religious studies, writes in a style that is more confessional than that of the typical academic... He excels in providing entertaining tidbits... The book is presented as light and entertaining, and Forbes readily delivers on this promise." -- Jennifer Jensen Wallach TLS "After you read all five chapters of 'America's Favorite Holidays' you will not only be more reflective, you will be poised to win the trivia contest at all of your holiday parties this year and beyond." -- Hilary Levey Friedman Providence Journal "This new book by Forbes discusses the particulars of our now widely accepted cultural practices surrounding Christmas, Valentine's Day, Easter, Halloween, and Thanksgiving. The nature of folk and cultural traditions is such that we often assume that present-day customs have always been the norm. Forbes presents a genial and ably written corrective to that tendency... This accessible work deserves a wide readership." -- Graham Christian Library Journal "This is a delightful book, full of history presented with a gracious and light touch-in other words, a perfect holiday present... Highly recommended." CHOICE connect "America's Favorite Holidays is an immensely readable book that provides a very engaging history of five widely-celebrated holidays in the United States." -- Samira K. Mehta Reading ReligionTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Christmas 2. Valentine's Day 3. Easter 4. Halloween 5. Thanksgiving Afterword Notes Index

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Book SynopsisWhat impact did the Persian Zoroastrian Empire, as both a real historical force and an imaginary interlocutor, have on rabbinic identity and authority as expressed in the Talmud? This book addresses this question by bringing into mutual fruition Talmudic studies and ancient Iranology, two historically distinct disciplines.Trade Review"Rabbis, Sorcerers, Kings, and Priests... recommended for scholars and students of both Jewish and Iranian literature." -- Catherine Hezser Theologische LiteraturzeitungTable of ContentsList of Abbreviations Note on Translations, Transcriptions, and Manuscripts Acknowledgments Introduction 1. The Sources and Methods of Talmudic and Iranian Studies 2. Comparing Sasanian Religions 3. Rabbinic Portrayals of Persians as Others 4. Rabbis and Sasanian Kings in Dialogue 5. Rabbis and Zoroastrian Priests in Judicial Settings 6. Rabbis, Sorcerers, and Priests Conclusion: Rabbis, Sorcerers, Kings, and Priests in Sasanian Iran Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIntroduces and investigates the novel concept of doulology, the discourse of slavery, in the homilies of John Chrysostom, the late fourth-century priest and bishop. This book explores the impact of doulology, brings to light the pervasive fissures between ancient Roman slave holding and early Christianity.Trade Review"De Wet's study is an essential contribution to understanding slavery in antiquity." Journal of Global Slavery "Offers a major contribution to the history of ideas in western thought, delineating how a core set of ideas, transformed through a Christian lens, led to the passive acceptance of the (gendered) oppression of other human beings... This is a book to be read by scholars across a wide range of interests and disciplines." Acta Classica "Highly refreshing and a great contribution to the study of Chrysostom." Relegere "de Wet's outstanding monograph is a major contribution to the cultural history of late antiquity." Journal of Early Christian Studies "Comprehensive, reliable and informative...I predict it will become a reference or even a compulsory reading material for early Christian approaches to slavery." AugustinianaTable of ContentsAcknowledgments 1. Introducing Doulology 2. Divine Bondage: Slavery between Metaphor and Theology 3. Little Churches: The Pastoralization of the Household and Its Slaves 4. The Didactics of Kyriarchy: Slavery, Education, and the Formation of Masculinity 5. Whips and Scriptures: On the Discipline and Punishment of Slaves 6. Exploitation, Regulation, and Restructuring: Managing Slave Sexuality 7. Conclusion: Preaching Bondage and the Legacy of Christian Doulology Glossary Bibliography Abbreviations Primary Sources Secondary Sources Index of Ancient Authors Index of Ancient Terms Index of Subjects

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Book SynopsisProvides a look at religious violence and the attitudes that drove it in the Christian Roman Empire of the fourth and fifth centuries. The author asks what religious conflict meant to those involved, both perpetrators and victims, and how violence was experienced, represented, justified, or contested.Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Introduction 1. "What Has the Emperor to Do with the Church?" Persecution and Martyrdom from Diocletian to Constantine 2. "The God of the Martyrs Refuses You": Religious Violence, Political Discourse, and Christian Identity in the Century after Constantine 3. An Eye for an Eye: Religious Violence in Donatist Africa 4. Temperata Severitas: Augustine, the State, and Disciplinary Violence 5. "There Is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ": Holy Men and Holy Violence in the Late Fourth and Early Fifth Centuries 6. "The Monks Commit Many Crimes": Holy Violence Contested 7. "Sanctify Thy Hand by the Blow": Problematizing Episcopal Power 8. Non Iudicium sed Latrocinium: Of Holy Synods and Robber Councils Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe resurgence of violent terrorist organizations claiming to act in the name of God has rekindled dramatic public debate about the connection between violence and religion and its history. Offering a panoramic view of the tangled history of war and religion throughout Europe and the Mediterranean, War and Religiontakes a hard look at the tumultuous history of war in its relationship to religion. Arnaud Blin examines how this relationship began through the concurrent emergence of the Mediterranean empires and the great monotheistic faiths. Moving through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and into the modern era, Blin concludes with why the link between violence and religion endures. For each time period, Blin shows how religion not only fueled a great number of conflicts but also defined the manner in which wars were conducted and fought.Trade Review"For those engaged in conflict and peace studies, Arnaud Blin has provided sheer pleasure in this book of historical, philosophical and linguistic clarity." * Journal for the Academic Study of Religion *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Chronology Acknowledgments Introduction 1. The Rise of the Monotheistic Religions 2. Christianity Becomes a State Religion 3. The Emergence of Islam 4. Toward a Clash of Civilizations 5. The Middle Eastern Crusades 6. The Crusading Spirit Lives On 7. From Holy War to All-Out Religious War 8. In the Name of God: Religious Warfare in Europe, 1524–1700 9. Religious Violence in a Secular World Epilogue: Of Gods and Men Notes Suggested Readings Index

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Book SynopsisTells the history of Christianity from the sixteenth century by selecting the visual themes of faith that have profoundly influenced its development. This book examines a variety of Christian visual practices, ranging from the imagination, visions of nationhood, the likeness of Jesus, and the role of modern art as a spiritual quest.Trade Review"David Morgan's impressive new book navigates a much contested terrain." Art and ChristianityTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction PART I. WORD AND IMAGE 1. The Shape of the Holy 2. The Visible Word PART II. THE TRAFFIC OF IMAGES 3. Religion as Sacred Economy 4. The Agency of Words 5. Christianity and Nationhood 6. The Likeness of Jesus 7. Modern Art and Christianity Conclusion Notes Selected Bibliography Index

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