History of medicine Books

Book SynopsisThis 6th volume in a 19-volume series contains 21 letters written by van Leeuwenhoek of the perod 1686-87. The contents of the letters published here, again show the great range of subjects that occupied Van Leeuwenhoek: from sugar candy, the shape and crystal structure of diamonds, the dissolution of silver crystals in aqua fortis to gold dust from Guinea dissolved in aqua regia and the dissolution and separation of gold, silver, and copper. Every volume in the Series contains the texts in the original Dutch and an English translation. The great range of subjects studied by Van Leeuwenhoek is reflected in these letters: instruments to measure water, pulmonary diseases; experiments relating to the solution of gold and silver; salt crystals and grains of sand; botanical work, such as duckweed and germination of orange pips; description on protozoa. blood, spermatozoa and health and hygiene, for example and harmfulness of tea and coffee and the benefits of cleaning teeth.

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Book Synopsis‘The story of oncology is not only fascinating but also contains many accounts of dead ends, chance discoveries, illusions, mistakes and disappointments alongside the few successes.’These words are taken from the introduction to this book. The author, professor emeritus of Medical Oncology, reviews all aspects of the problem of cancer from a historical perspective, from the oldest existing records to the latest scientific and medical advances. It will interest the many people engaged in the treatment of cancer to read how the current therapeutic methods came about, and the book may also provide inspiration for cancer researchers, and for all those directly or indirectly involved with cancer. The layman looking for background information on a particular treatment may find it useful too. The various chapters can be read independently. A glossary and a few explanatory diagrams augment the text.This book grew out of an invitation the author received to lecture on the history of oncology. During his background reading, he discovered that there was no single volume dealing with the entire history of the subject. Fortunately, however, a great deal of information could be found here and there in the literature. As he read, he was struck by the fascinating stories behind many discoveries, and felt impelled to put them together in a single comprehensive account. The results of his labors are presented in this remarkable volume.The author, Prof. D.J.Th. (Theo) Wagener, was head of the department of Medical Oncology at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre in the Netherlands from 1982 to 2001, chairman of the Educational Committee of the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO), a member of the Educational Committee of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and a member of various international scientific working groups, mainly of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC).Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. The occurrence of cancer in ancient times and the development of ideas about the nature of the complaint.- 3. The treatment of cancer in the past.- 4. The maturing of surgery as a treatment for cancer.- 5. The historical development of radiotherapy.- 6. The development of chemotherapy.- 7. The history of the hormonal treatment of cancer.- 8. The background of targeted therapy and the emergence of a new approach.- 9. Immunotherapy in the past and the present.- 10. The origins of psycho-oncology.

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Book SynopsisThe field of medicine is generally greeted with great enthusiasm. This can be witnessed in the immense support for medical progress, which is widely hoped to lead to a realization of idealized goals. Indeed, with the help of medicine the human body would be controllable and constructible, human nature perfectible. However, enthusiasm in favor of medical progress is first and foremost a sentiment and, like all sentiments, not necessarily a product of rational contemplation. People are capable of enthusing about the realization of utopian notions, such as life without disease or with the perfect body, without requiring any concrete arguments to back them up. Enthusiasm alone is not a guarantee of ethical desirability, however. Hence, this book takes a closer look at four research fields often referred to in medical utopian literature: 'tissue engineering', 'bioelectronics', 'germ line genome modification' and 'interventions in the biological aging process'. They serve as a basis for analyzing whether ethical arguments can be found to support the euphoric advocacy of the further development of these fields.

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Book SynopsisCe petit livre pourrait être une introduction à la pharmacopée orientale. Il comprend une cinquantaine de lignes, tirées du début d'un manuscrit syriaque entré à la BNF (Paris) il y a quelques années sous le numéro syr. 423, dont l'auteur (Ph. Gignoux) a pu faire une édition critique grâce au même texte provenant de la collection des mss Mingana, syr. no 594. La nouveauté de ce texte réside dans le fait qu'il ne semble pas être une traduction d'un ouvrage grec, alors que la suite du même manuscrit provient pour l'essentiel de Galien. Ce texte nous apporte une quantité de noms de plantes médicinales et de produits animaux et minéraux. L'originalité réside aussi dans le fait que ces noms sont souvent glosés dans des langues comme le grec, l'arabe, l'arabo-persan, dont Gignoux a expliqué l'origine dans des articles préliminaires. Le texte syriaque et la traduction française ont été mis en face à face pour permettre aux botanistes de retrouver facilement tel ou tel passage. Cela devrait aussi entraîner les chercheurs à travailler davantage sur les plantes médicinales qui ont donné lieu à une littérature très abondante et passionnante.

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Book SynopsisThis work deals with the medical knowledge and beliefs of cultures outside of the United States and Europe. In addition to articles surveying Islamic, Chinese, Native American, Aboriginal Australian, Indian, Egyptian, and Tibetan medicine, the book includes essays on comparing Chinese and western medicine and religion and medicine. Each essay is well illustrated and contains an extensive bibliography.Table of Contents1. Introduction to the Series. 2. Table of Contents. 3. About the Contributors. 4. Introduction. 5. Continuity, Change, and Challenge in African Medicine. 6. Medicine in Ancient Egypt. 7. Medicine in Ancient China. 8. Ayurveda. 9. Cultural Perspectives on Traditional Tibetan Medicine. 10. Traditional Thai Medicine. 11. Oriental Medicine in Korea. 12. Globalization and Cultures of Biomedicine: Japan and NorthAmerica. 13. Traditional Aboriginal Health Practice in Australia. 14. When Healing Cultures Collide: A Case from the Pacific. 15. Native American Medicine: Herbal Pharmacology, Therapies, and Elder Care. 16. Lords of the Medicine Bag: Medical Science and Traditional Practice in Ancient Peru and South America. 17. Medicine in Ancient Mesoamerica. 18. Healing Relationships in the African Caribbean. 19. Medicine in Ancient Hebrew and Jewish Cultures. 20. Islamic Medicines: Perspectives on the Greek Legacy in the History of Islamic Medical Traditions in West Asia. 21. Chinese and Western Medicine. 22. Religion and Medicine. 23. The Relation Between Medical States and Soul Beliefs among Tribal Peoples.

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Book SynopsisJohn P. Horder, President, 1980-82 The first 30 years of the College have been an exciting experience for those most closely involved. Some have already passed on, but this account has been written soon enough for many of the actors to be historians. Future members of the College will be grateful to them for what they have written, as well as for what they did as a remarkably determined and harmonious team. Students of twentieth century medicine in this country will also be grateful for a first-hand account of the development of an institution which has been closely associated with, and partly responsible for, important changes in medical care and education. Those who read these pages may wonder how the builders of this young College could have found time to do much general practice. They did. The three editors of this history, which covers 25 years, and the general practitioner members of the Steering Committee all ran large practices, in which they worked very hard throughout that time. Most of their work for the College was done during off-duty hours, weekends and holidays. The College could not have developed as it did, had they not been personally concerned with the practical problems and needs of clinical medicine. This is also true of many of the contributors. It is impossible to mention everyone who deserves credit. The editors hope that they may be forgiven for any serious omissions.Table of ContentsI Past Attempts to Found a ‘College of General Practitioners’ One and a Half Centuries Ago.- II Events Leading up to the Formation of the Steering Committee.- III The Work of the Steering Committee, and the Birth of the College.- IV The College’s First Year and the Work of the Foundation Council.- V Presidents and Chairmen of Council of the College During its First Twenty-Five Years.- VI Regional Faculties and Regional Councils in the United Kingdom and Eire.- Scottish Council.- Welsh Council.- Irish Council.- VII Undergraduate Education.- VIII Postgraduate Education and Vocational Training.- I: 1953–1965.- II: 1965–1977.- IX The Medical Recording Service and the Medical Audiovisual Library.- X Standards.- The Criteria Committee.- The Board of Censors.- The Examination Committee.- The Examination.- XI The College and Research.- The Research, Education and Scientific Foundations.- XII Practice Organisation, Equipment and Premises.- XIII College Publications.- The Annual Reports.- The College Journal.- Other College Publications.- Faculty Publications.- XIV The Library, Museum and Archives.- I: The Library.- II: The Museum.- III: The Archives.- XV Headquarters, Staff and Administration.- XVI College Finance and Appeal.- XVII Awards and Ethical Committees.- XVIII Incorporation, Royal Prefix and the Royal Charter.- XIX Insignia and the College Grace.- The Insignia.- The College Grace.- X Relations with Other Bodies.- I.- II.- XXI The College Overseas.- Overseas Regional Faculties.- Overseas Councils:.- The Australian Council.- The New Zealand Council.- The South African Council.- XXII The Future.- I.- II.- Appendices.- 1. Honorary Fellows.- 2. Honorary Chaplain.- 3. Honorary Secretaries of Council.- 4. Honorary Treasurers of the College.- 5. James Mackenzie Lecturers.- 6. William Pickles Lecturers.- 7. Foundation Council Awards.- 8. George Abercrombie Awards.- 9. Fraser Rose Gold Medallists.- 10. John Hunt Fellow.- 11. Honorary Registrar.- 12. Administrative Secretaries.- 13. College Solicitors.- 14. College Auditors.- 15. College Publications.

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Book SynopsisRequiring no specialized medical or Jewish knowledge to appreciate this book, Jews in Medicine documents the fascinating history of medical contributions made by Jewish physicians throughout the ages. Profiles of more than 450 individual Jewish physicians are divided by region and area of specialization, all within a historical context—from talmudic times to the modern era, from Islamic and Christian lands to the spread of Jewish communities in Europe after the Spanish Inquisition. The large section devoted to the modern era focuses on European and American physicians, including the substantial number of Jewish Nobel Prize winners in the field. The book concludes with a description of physicians who were leaders in the Zionist movement and those who contributed to the development of medicine in the State of Israel.

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Book SynopsisAncient Egyptian medicine employed advanced surgical practices, while the prevention and treatment of diseases relied mostly on natural remedies and magical incantations. Following the successful first volume of The Medicine of the Ancient Egyptians, which dealt with surgical practices and the treatment of women and children, this second volume explores a wide range of internal medical problems that the Egyptian population suffered in antiquity, and various methods of their treatment. These include ailments of the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems, chiefly heart diseases of various types, coughs, stomachaches, constipation, diarrhea, internal parasites, and many other medical conditions. Drawing on formulas and descriptions in the Ebers papyrus and other surviving ancient Egyptian medical papyri, as well as physical evidence and wall depictions, the authors present translations of the medical treatises together with commentaries and interpretations in the light of modern medical knowledge. The ancient texts contain numerous recipes for the preparation of various remedies, often herbal in the form of pills, drinks, ointments, foods, or enemas. These reveal a great deal about ancient Egyptian physicians and their deep understanding of the healing properties of herbs and other medicinal substances. Illustrated with thirty-five photographs and line drawings, The Medicine of the Ancient Egyptians: 2: Internal Medicine is highly recommended reading for scholars of ancient Egyptian medicine and magic, as well as for paleopathologists, medical historians, and physical anthropologists.

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Book SynopsisAncient Egyptian medicine employed advanced surgical practices, while the prevention and treatment of diseases relied mostly on natural remedies and magical incantations. In the first of three volumes, The Medicine of the Ancient Egyptians explores these two different aspects, using textual sources and physical evidence to cast light on the state of ancient medical knowledge and practice and the hardships of everyday life experienced by the inhabitants of the land on the Nile. The first part of the book focuses on ancient Egyptian surgery, drawing mainly on cases described in the Edwin Smith papyrus, which details a number of injuries listed by type and severity. These demonstrate the rational approach employed by ancient physicians in the treatment of injured patients. Additional surgical cases are drawn from the Ebers papyrus. The chapters that follow cover gynecology, obstetrics, and pediatric cases, with translations from the Kahun gynecological papyrus and other medical texts, illustrating a wide range of ailments that women and young children suffered in antiquity, and how they were treated. Illustrated with more than sixty photographs and line drawings, The Medicine of the Ancient Egyptians is highly recommended reading for scholars of ancient Egyptian medicine and magic, as well as for paleopathologists, medical historians, and physical anthropologists.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgement 1 THE WISDOM OF THE AGES (E. Strouhal) 1.1 The Texts – Key to Ancient Egyptian Medicine 1.2 Selection of monographs on Ancient Egyptian medicine 1.3 The ‘Ancient Egyptian Medicine’ Programme 2 PAPYRUS SCROLLS OF THE EGYPTIAN PHYSICIANS (H. Vymazalová) 2.1 Kahun Papyrus 2.2 Ramesseum Papyri 2.3 Edwin Smith Papyrus 2.4 Ebers Papyrus 2.5 Hearst Papyrus 2.6 London Papyrus BM 10059 2.7 Papyrus Carlsberg VIII 2.8 Papyrus Berlin 3038 2.9 Chester Beatty Papyri 2.10 Book for Mother and Child (Papyrus Berlin 3027) 3 ANCIENT EGYPTIAN SURGERY (B. Vachala, E. Strouhal) 3.1 Medical Texts Dealing with Surgery (B. Vachala) 3.2 The Ingredients of the Remedies for Surgical Treatment (H. Vymazalová) 3.2.1 The Ingredients of Mineral Origin 3.2.2 The Ingredients of Herbal Origin 3.2.3 The Ingredients of Animal Origin 3.3 Translation of the Surgical Cases (B. Vachala) 3.3.1 Edwin Smith Papyrus 3.3.2 Ebers Papyrus 3.4 Surgical Treatment of Injuries and Other Illnesses (E. Strouhal) 3.4.1 Injuries of the Cranial Vault 3.4.2 Injuries of the Forehead 3.4.3 Injuries of the Nose 3.4.4 Injuries of the Face 3.4.5 Injuries of the Temporal Bones 3.4.6 Injuries of the Ear 3.4.7 Injuries of the Lower Jaw 3.4.8 Injuries of the Lip 3.4.9 Injuries of the Chin 3.4.10 Injuries of the Throat 3.4.11 Injuries of the Cervical Vertebrae 3.4.12 Injuries of the Collar Bones 3.4.13 Injuries of the Humerus 3.4.14 Diseases of the Chest 3.4.15 Injuries of the Shoulders and Back 3.5 Treatment with a Knife and Glowing Stick (E. Strouhal) 3.5.1 Benign Tumours 3.5.2 A Cyst in the Hair 3.5.3 Inflamed Bulges 3.5.4 Umbilical Hernia 3.5.5 A Bulge Caused by Subcutaneous Bleeding 3.5.6 A Bulge Caused by a Parasitic Cyst 3.5.7 A Bulge Caused by Fluid in the Abdominal Cavity 3.5.8 Bulges of Uncertain Origins 3.6 Operators and their Treatments (E. Strouhal) 3.6.1 The Questions of the Existence of Specialised Surgeons 3.6.2 Examination of the Patient to Determine a Diagnosis and Prognosis 3.6.3 Surgical Instruments and Aids 3.6.4 Pain Relief 3.6.5 Evidence of Surgical Operations 4 MOTHER AND CHILD CARE (H. Vymazalová, E. Strouhal) 4.1 Medical Texts Concerning Women and Children (H. Vymazalová) …109 4.2 The Ingredients of Medicinal Preparations for Women and Children (H. Vymazalová) 4.2.1 Units 4.2.2 Ingredients from the Kitchen 4.2.3 Ingredients of Mineral Origin 4.2.4 Ingredients of Herbal Origin 4.2.5 Ingredients of Animal Origin 4.2.6 Sundry Other Ingredients 4.3 Translation of the Texts (H. Vymazalová) 4.3.1 Kahun Papyrus 4.3.2 Papyri from Ramesseum 4.3.3 Edwin Smith Papyrus 4.3.4 Ebers Papyrus 4.3.5 London Papyrus (BM 10059) 4.3.6 Papyrus Carlsberg VIII 4.3.7 Papyrus Berlin 3038 4.3.8 Book for Mother and Child (Papyrus Berlin 3027) 4.4 Medicine and Women (H. Vymazalová, E. Strouhal) 4.4.1 Pains 4.4.2 Fever and Swellings 4.4.3 Bleeding and Menstruation 4.4.4 Urinary Problems 4.4.5 Other Women’s Problems 4.4.6 Support of Conception 4.4.7 Prevention of Conception 4.4.8 Tests of Fertility and Pregnancy 4.4.9 Pregnancy 4.4.10 Childbirth 4.4.11 Post-Natal Care of the Mother 4.4.12 Breasts 4.5 Care for Children (H. Vymazalová, E. Strouhal) 4.5.1 Tests of the Viability of a Newborn 4.5.2 Breastfeeding and Breast Milk 4.5.3 Children’s Diseases 4.5.4 Problems with Urination and Defecation Summary Brief Overview of the History of Ancient Egypt Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis book documents the development of psychiatry in Singapore since its humble beginnings in the British colonial period. It should be of interest to health professionals, medical students, historians interested in the development of medicine and psychiatry and even members of the public with some basic understanding of psychiatry and psychology. Relatives and caregivers of psychiatric patients would also find the information furnished in this book enlightening.Trade ReviewDr Ng has written an informative and detailed history of an issue of national importance. Psychiatry is a discipline continually facing stigma, and its history is often ignored on such a basis. Dr Ng's history, and his clear advocacy of the advances made in Singapore psychiatry, should inform both general and specialist readers."" — Prof. Gordon Parker, Research Director, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore (1998-2000)""History is the collection of written records curated for the next generation. Without a good understanding of how psychiatry developed in Singapore, we cannot bring the care of the mentally ill forward in any meaningful way. This book lays the foundation for the development of mental health services here and kudos goes to the intrepid author for his wonderful narrative of this dawn of Singapore psychiatry."" — Dr Daniel Fung, Chairman, Medical Board, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore

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Book SynopsisThe story of leprosy in the Dutch East Indies from the beginning of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th reveals important themes in the colonial enterprise across the territory that is today’s Indonesia. Operating in a territory with only a few hundred Western-trained doctors and a population in the tens of millions, Dutch colonial officials approached leprosy with uncertainty and anxiety. In the early 19th century, the Dutch administrationsimply removed sufferers from public view: campaigns targetted anyone “looking ugly”. Towards the end of the century, colonial science considered leprosy a hereditary disease of tropical subjects, and therefore undeserving of the colonial government’s limited resources. The leprosariums were emptied. At the start of the 20th century, a growing understanding that leprosy was spread by a bacillus caused a panic that leprosy might spread from the tropics to the colonial metropole. The mixed emotions of pity, fear and revulsion associated with management of the disease intensified, and fed into broader debates on colonial policy. The experts were unsure, and resources were never forthcoming, and despite a view that “bacteria are the same everywhere”, Dutch leprosy treatment in the East Indies mobilized traditional healing practices and relied on home care. Leo van Bergen’s detailed, attentive study to changing policies for treatment and prevention of leprosy (now often called Hansen’s disease) is fascinating medical history, and provides a useful lens for understanding colonialism in Indonesia.

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Book SynopsisWhile reshaping our understanding of the history and development of traditional Vietnamese medicine in the 19th and 20th centuries, Michele Thompson’s new book reaches across disciplines to open important perspectives in Vietnamese colonial and social history as well as our understanding of the Vietnamese language and writing systems.Traditional Vietnamese medicine is generally understood as an import from the Chinese tradition: Thompson’s detailed historical and linguistic research restores agency and voice to practitioners of Vietnamese medicine, showing how the adoption of Chinese and then Western ideas of medicine in the 19th and 20th centuries relied on indigenous Vietnamese concepts of health and the human body. She mines medical manuscripts in Chinese and in Nom (vernacular Vietnamese) to capture various aspects of the historical interaction between Chinese and Vietnamese thought. She presents a detailed analysis of the Vietnamese response to a Chinese medical technique for preventing smallpox, and to the medical concepts associated with it, looking at Vietnamese healers from a variety of social classes.Thompson’s account brings together colorful historical vignettes, contemporary observations and interviews, and textual analysis. Itstands out as a demonstration of the power of the history of medicine to illuminate adjacent fields of enquiry. It will be of interest to historians of medicine globally and in East Asia, as well as to students of Vietnam and its complex process of modernization.Trade ReviewHer book is a call for more comparative research on the illnesses and afflictions that shaped not just the lives of Vietnamese and Chinese individuals, but also those of the two societies themselves.Social History of Medicine

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Book SynopsisIn Collected Studies (Volume 4): Jews in the Medical Profession, Joseph Shatzmiller, the prominent scholar of Provence Jewry, presents a fascinating glimpse into the world of Jewish doctors and medicine in medieval Western Europe. Drawing on a wealth of archival sources and intellectual history, Shatzmiller delves into the lives and experiences of Jewish physicians who played a crucial role in the medical profession during the Middle Ages. From their scientific collaborations with Christian colleagues to their role as leaders within the Jewish community, this book provides a rich portrait of the complex and dynamic world of medieval medicine. The book covers topics such as the Jewish students in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Montpellier, Jewish women in medicine, doctors’ salaries, pharmacology, and medical books. With its insightful analysis and meticulous research, Jews in the Medical Profession is a valuable contribution to the history of medicine and Jewish studies.“The collection of studies that these four volumes offer is the result of more than sixty years of commitment to scholarship. Like many colleagues, I relied in the beginning on printed material in books that dealt with law, religion, and secular literature. Then, as a disciple of George Duby, I discovered the world of archives and hand-written Latin manuscripts. The present collection relies, to a great extent, on previously unknown information discovered during years of search in the archives of Southern France, mostly on those of the county of Provence. They are situated in the cities of Marseille and Aix-en-Provence as well as the town of Digne. The legal registers of the High Middle Ages (1250-1350) as well as those produced by the counties’ administration introduce us to the ordinary people of the region, to their daily life and to their preoccupations; their names are spelled out, the dates are recorded and the localities in which they were active are designated. At times these documents encourage us to endorse information found in contemporary literary sources and to overcome our hesitation and excessive caution concerning their value as historical evidence.”— Joseph ShatzmillerTrade Review“Joseph Shatzmiller, the foremost expert on Provençal Judaism, has throughout the course of his career provided a rich and powerful mosaic of Jewish society in Provence. Known for his insightful analysis of historical documents and primary sources, Shatzmiller’s research consistently illuminates the significance of Provence Jewry within the larger framework of Jewish communities in the Mediterranean and western Europe during the Middle Ages. Drawing on a wealth of archival sources and intellectual history, his work is essential reading for anyone interested in the history of Jewish communities in medieval Europe.”— Ram Ben-Shalom, Professor of the History of the Jewish People, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; author of The Jews of Provence and LanguedocTable of ContentsI The Making of Jewish Doctors1 On Becoming a Jewish Doctor in The High Middle Ages* 2 Apprenticeship or Academic Education: The Making of Jewish Doctors3 Livres médicaux et éducation médicale : à propos d’un contrat de Marseille en 1316 II Attending the Medieval University 1 Un cercle de savants de Montpellier vers 1300 : Contacts et Échanges entre erudits juifs et chretiens2 Étudiants juifs à la faculté de médecine de Montpellier, dernier quart du XIVe siècle 3 La faculté de médecine de Montpellier et son influence en Provence: Témoignages en hébreu, en latin et en langue vulgaireIII Activity North and South 1 Notes sur les médecins juifs en Provence au Moyen ge2 Médecins municipaux en Provence, Catalogne et autres régions de l’Europe méridionale (1350–1400)3 Jewish Physicians in Sicily 4 Doctors and Medical Practice in Germany around the Year 1200: The Evidence of Sefer Hasidim5 Doctors and Medical Practices in Germany around the Year 1200: The Evidence of Sefer AsaphIV The Medicalization of Society1 Femmes médecins au Moyen ge: Témoignages sur leurs pratiques (1250–1350)2 Doctors’ Fees and Their Medical Responsibility: Evidence from Notarial and Court Records*3 Médecins et expertise médicale dans la ville médiévale: Manosque 1280–13484 The Jurisprudence of the Dead Body: Medical Practitioners at the Service of Civic and Legal AuthoritiesV The Range of Medical Services 1 Médecine et gynécologie au Moyen- ge : un exemple provençal 2 Soigner le corps souffrant : Pratiques médicales au tournant du XIVe siècle3 Soins de beauté, image et image de soi : le cas des juifs du Moyen ge4 Herbes et drogues dans la médecine provençale du Moyen ge5 Roger Bacon’s Critique of the Pharmaceutics of His Day

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