History and Archaeology Books

Book SynopsisAn encyclopedic selection of original documents from the Austrian capital's pathbreaking, progressive interwar period, translated and with contextualizing introductions and commentaries. Immediately after World War I, in 1919, the Austrian capital Vienna elected a Social Democratic majority that persisted until 1934. The city's leaders, together with its intellectuals, boldly imagined a new society that would be economically just, scientifically rigorous, and radically democratic. "Red Vienna" undertook experiments in public housing, welfare, and education while maintaining a world-class presence in science, music, literature, theater, andother fields of cultural production. Though Red Vienna eventually fell victim to fascist violence, it left a rich legacy with potential to inform our own tumultuous times. The Red Vienna Sourcebook provides scholars and students with a selection of some 280 key texts from the period, carefully translated and introduced. These texts connect readers to the era's most fascinating discussions, movements, and personalities and will be of interest to such diverse disciplines as architecture, economics, film studies, history, Jewish studies, literary studies, music, philosophy, political science, psychology, sociology, sports, and women's studies.Trade ReviewThe Sourcebook deserves recognition as a fine scholarly achievement, and as an outstanding resource for students and scholars alike. The primary editors and contributors deserve our thanks and plaudits. * AUSTRIAN HISTORY YEARBOOK *

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Book SynopsisJohn Gregory Bourke kept a monumental set of diaries as aide-de-camp to Brigadier General George Crook. This second volume (of a projected set of six) opens as Crook prepares for the expedition that would lead to his infamous and devastating Horse Meat March. Although Bourke retains his loyalty to Crook throughout the detailed account, his patience is sorely tried at times. Bourke's description of the march is balanced by an appendix containing letters and reports by others such as Lt. Walter Schuyler and Surgeon Bennett Clements. The diary continues with the story of the Powder River Expedition, culminating in Bourke's eyewitness description of Col. Ranald Mackenzie's destruction of the main Cheyenne camp in what became known as the Dull Knife Fight. Bourke finishes this volume with a retrospective of his service in Tucson, Arizona. Each volume in the series is extensively annotated and contains a biographical appendix on Indians, civilians, and military personnel named in the volume.Trade ReviewThe University of North Texas Press deserves the thanks of all those interested in the North American Indian wars for undertaking the publication of this invaluable primary source. - Journal of Military History

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Book SynopsisThe social movements of the 1960s - still vital and challenging - seen through the author's experiences as a civil rights activist, a feminist, an antiwar organizer, and a radical teacher. Today, some fifty years after, we celebrate - or excoriate - "the Sixties." Using his wide-ranging experience as an activist and writer, Paul Lauter examines the values, the exploits, the victories, the implications, and sometimes the failings, of the "Movement" of that conflicted time. In Our Sixties, Lauter writes about movement activities from the perspective of a full-time participant: 1964 Mississippi freedom schools; Students for a Democratic Society (SDS); the Morgan community school in Washington, DC, which he headed; a variety of antiwar, antidraft actions; the New University Conference, a radical group of faculty and graduate students; The Feminist Press, which he helped found; and the United States Servicemen's Fund, an organization supporting antiwar GIs. He got fired, got busted, got published, and even got tenure. He honed his skills writing for the New York Review of Books among other magazines. As a teacher he created innovative courses ranging from "Revolutionary Literature" and "Contesting the Canon" to "The Sixties in Fiction, Poetry, and Film." He led the development of the groundbreaking Heath Anthology of American Literature and remains its general editor. Lauter's book offers both a retrospective look at the social justice struggles of the Sixties and an account of how his participation in these struggles has shaped his life. Social history as well as personal chronicle, this account is for those who recall that turbulent decade as well as for those who seek to better understand its impact on American politics and society in our current era.Trade ReviewA gripping portrayal of a dramatic era from the unique perspective of a keen observer, astute analyst, and direct participant in all its complex stages. In the author's words, 'a book about the transformation of minds, my own and many others,' and of the country, with rich lessons for those taking up the struggle today. -- Noam ChomskyPaul Lauter 'stumbled' into the sixties, but he emerged (re)formed--by feminism, civil rights, the antiwar movement, black studies, personal catastrophe - and, not least, by his love of literature, especially poetry. Sixty years later, in another age of 'illegitimate authority,' his insights about resistance are invaluable, enlightening, and ever more necessary. -- Mary Helen Washington, author of The Other Blacklist: The African American Literary and Cultural Left of the 1950sA veteran of some of the most remarkable progressive movements of the past sixty years, the distinguished scholar and teacher Paul Lauter examines his life and times with frankness, down-to-earth humor, and hard-won insight. -- Richard Yarborough, professor of English and African American studies, University of California, Los AngelesSince the 1960s, Paul Lauter has been one of our most significant and effective educators. In this memoir of the sixties he provides eyewitness recollections of many of the dramas of protest as well as much-needed reflection on the visions, experiments, and legacies of that time. -- Richard Flacks, coauthor, Making History, Making Blintzes: How Two Red Diaper Babies Found Each Other and Discovered AmericaLauter's clear-eyed account of the activist movements of the sixties - their successes and failures as well as the enriching consequences of activism on his own life - is an indispensable narrative for anyone committed to countering the many threats to democracy in America today. -- Sandra Zagarell, Longman Professor of English Emerita, Oberlin CollegeBeautifully written, it offers solid information and sound, sharp commentary on the events that marked the revolutionary era of the 1960s in the United States (US). The author's deep knowledge of American culture together with a bright sense of humor and a shrewd, witty tone, makes it a pleasure to read. Indeed, Our Sixties should be required reading for those who want to understand the civil rights movements in the US in the 1960s and the connected struggles against inequality, discrimination, segregation, oppression, racism, poverty, sexism - and war. -- Maria Irene Ramalho * Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais *Paul Lauter's new book - a task of twenty years! - presents itself as "a memoir," "the result of the author's recollection [...] a subjective account of events that occurred in his life." The reader is indeed exposed to an honest and self-critical reappraisal of a long and rich life story of an intellectual profoundly committed to political causes. But, at the same time, the reader is given access to a personal lens into "the sixties" as a founding moment in the history of the United States of America. * European Journal of American Studies *Lauter provides useful background and intimate details about many events and organizations. Movement veterans with an interest in the educational wars of the sixties and seventies will find Lauter's book especially interesting. He has much to teach younger activists concerning movement dynamics. -- Martin Oppenheimer * Against the Current Magazine *The first question one asks when considering a memoir is: Why would I want to know about this person? In Paul Lauter's case, there are many reasons, especially for anyone interested in how life experience draws a person into political activity, and how that activity leads them to groundbreaking progressive political action. Lauter has lived through decades of unstable academic employment interlaced with jobs as an organizer in various movements. This can serve as a model for many young activists these days, for whom this book will be a valuable resource. * JOURNAL OR WORKING CLASS STUDIES *Table of ContentsThe Movement and Me Among Friends in Philly Mississippi Summer - A Quaker Vacation Professing at Smith and Selma Return to Mississippi (Goddam) The Draft - From Protest to Resistance? Dreaming of a Freedom School in DC (For Bob Silvers) Resisting A New University? A Working-Class Movement of GIs A Man in the Women's Movement Where We Went and What We Did (and Did Not) Learn There Authority and Our Discontents Appendix A: A Call to Resist Illegitimate Authority Appendix B: Syllabus for a Course on the Sixties

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Book SynopsisAs Charles Frazier's novel Cold Mountain dramatizes, dissenters from the Confederacy lived in mortal danger throughout the South. In scattered pockets from the Carolinas to the frontier in Texas, these dissenters, or ""brush men,"" often died at the hands of their own neighbors as a result of their belief in the Union or an unwillingness to preserve the slaveholding Confederacy. Brush Men and Vigilantes tells the story of how dissent, fear, and economics developed into mob violence in the Sulphur Forks river valley northeast of Dallas. Authors David Pickering and Judy Falls have combed through court records, newspapers, letters, and other primary sources and have collected extended-family lore to relate the details of how vigilantes captured and killed more than a dozen men. Betrayed by links to a well-known Union guerrilla, many dissenters were captured, tried in mock courts, and hanged. Still others met their death by sniper fire or private execution. Their story begins before the Civil War, as the authors describe the particular social and economic conditions that gave rise to such tension and violence. Four more chapters follow, each detailing the horror and hysteria that characterized post-Civil War Texas.Trade Review...a fine example of how, with breadth and depth of research and a good grasp of the historiographical issues, local history can personalize the great events of politics and war. - Journal of Southern History

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Book SynopsisThe campaign of 1896 gave the public one of the most dramatic and interesting battles of political oratory in American history, even though, ironically, its issues faded quickly into insignificance after the election. In what is often thought of as a single-issue campaign, William Jennings Bryan delivered his famous ""Cross of Gold"" speech but lost the election. Meanwhile, William McKinley addressed a range of topics in more than three hundred speeches - without ever leaving his front porch. William D. Harpine traces the campaign month-by-month to show the development of Bryan's rhetoric and the stability of McKinley's. Beyond adding depth and detail to the scholarly understanding of the 1896 presidential campaign itself, this book casts light on the importance of historical perspective in understanding rhetorical efforts in politics.Trade Review... demolishes the images of McKinley as a vapid politician and Bryan as a rube. [Harpine's] study of the 1896 presidential campaign instead depicts two sophisticated and resourceful opponents who employ strategies of persuasion that are sometimes novel and at other times as old as those used by ancient Greek orators. - Philip Abbott, Wayne State University

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Book SynopsisHelen Barrett Montgomery (1861-1934) was a social reformer, a Baptist luminary, and a prominent intellectual of the American women's ecumenical missionary movement. In this definitive biography, Kendal Mobley analyzes the intellectual development of a fascinating woman and locates her in the context of her rapidly-changing times. Mobley explores Montgomery's early family influences, her education and spiritual development, and her relationship with other notable individuals of the era, including Susan B. Anthony. As Mobley points out, Montgomery believed that Christianity gave women equal spiritual and social status with men. Consequently, she saw ""woman's work for woman"" as the cutting edge of a global movement for women's emancipation.Trade ReviewA pioneering insight into the life and contribution of one of the most significant, yet overlooked, women of her time. -Laceye Warner, Associate Dean for Academic Formation and Programs, Associate Professor of the Practice of Evangelism and Methodist Studies, Duke University Divinity SchoolThis is the finest work available on one of the most important women in the history of American Christianity. -Dana L. Robert, Truman Collins Professor of World Christianity and History of Mission, Boston University School of TheologyWith fresh eyes, Kendal Mobley has judiciously researched and unearthed new facets of this remarkable woman. -Molly T. Marshall, President and Professor of Theology and Spiritual Formation, Central Baptist Theological SeminaryMobley's reinterpretation of Montgomery's intellectual and social sphere [makes] Helen Barrett Montgomery a read for historians interested in "New Women" who do now easily fit into preconceived categories. -- Howell Williams, Louisville, KY -- The Journal of Church HistoryTable of ContentsACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CHAPTER1. HELEN BARRET MONTGOMERY: THE INTERPRETIVE CHALLENGE2. "THE FATHERHOOD OF GOD AND THE VICTORIAN FAMILY": THE CHILDHOOD AND EARLY EDUCATION OF HELEN BARRETT 3. EVANGELISM, PROGRESSIVISM, AND DOMESTICITY: HELEN BARRETT'S WELLESLEY4. THE NEW WOMAN AT WORK, HOME, AND IN PUBLIC: HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY'S RETURN TO ROCHESTER5. MONTGOMERY'S "NEW WOMAN" AND THE LIMITLESS SCOPE OF WOMAN AS CITIZEN 6. SUSAN B. ANTHONY AND HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY: AN INTERGENERATIONAL FEMINIST PARTNERSHIP 7. THE ROCHESTER WOMEN'S EDUCATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNION: MONTGOMERY'S PLATFORM FOR MUNICIPAL HOUSEKEEPING8. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY, WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH, AND THE BATTLE FOR PROGRESSIVE PUBLIC EDUCATION9. THE HACKETT HOUSE EPISODE AND THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL CENTERS 10. "A GREAT THEME": DOMESTIC FEMINISM AND THE GOSPEL OF THE WOMEN'S JUBILEE 11. AFTER THE JUBILEE: WOMEN'S COLLEGES AND "WORLD FRIENDSHIP" 12. A "MIDDLE-OF-THE-ROAD BAPTIST": CREEDALISM AND THE DEFENSE OF BAPTIST LIBERTY 13. CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Book SynopsisThe Treaty of Nanking, signed between Great Britain and China to end the First Opium War (1839-1842), created a new framework for Chinese foreign relations and overseas trade that would last for nearly a century. The story behind this treaty features a culture clash between two great powers, with incidents of cultural misunderstanding, unappreciated gifts, drug smuggling, bribery, and piracy, as well as fortunes won and lost, millions of pounds of opium destroyed, prayers to the spirit of the Southern Sea, and serious debates over kowtowing. One of the most interesting and yet not widely known documents of the 19th century, the Treaty of Nanking forever changed the course of Chinese history and completely reshaped China's future relations with the West. Read in this captivating book about this fascinating time when the West sought to establish a lasting relationship with China, a formidable power in the East.

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Book SynopsisThe Guitar in America offers a history of the instrument from America's late Victorian period to the Jazz Age. The narrative traces America's BMG (banjo, mandolin, and guitar) community, a late nineteenth-century musical and commercial movement dedicated to introducing these instruments into America's elite musical establishments.Using surviving BMG magazines, the author details an almost unknown history of the guitar during the movement's heyday, tracing the guitar's transformation from a refined parlor instrument to a mainstay in jazz and popular music. In the process, he not only introduces musicians (including numerous women guitarists) who led the movement, but also examines new techniques and instruments. Chapters consider the BMG movement's impact on jazz and popular music, the use of the guitar to promote attitudes towards women and minorities, and the challenges foreign guitarists such as Miguel Llobet and Andres Segovia presented to America's musicians.This volume opens a new chapter on the guitar in America, considering its cultivated past and documenting how banjoists and mandolinists aligned their instruments to it in an effort to raise social and cultural standing. At the same time, the book considers the BMG community within America's larger musical scene, examining its efforts as manifestations of this country's uneasy coupling of musical art and commerce.

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Book Synopsis“Execute against Japan should be required reading for naval officers (especially in submarine wardrooms), as well as for anyone interested in history, policy, or international law.” - Adm. James P. Wisecup, President, US Naval War College (for Naval War College Review)Trade Review“ . . . until now how the Navy managed to instantaneously move from the overt legal restrictions of the naval arms treaties that bound submarines to the cruiser rules of the eighteenth century to a declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor has never been explained. Lieutenant Holwitt has dissected this process and has created a compelling story of who did what, when, and to whom.” - The Submarine Review “Although the policy of unrestricted air and submarine warfare proved critical to the Pacific war’s course, this splendid work is the first comprehensive account of its origins—illustrating that historians have by no means exhausted questions about this conflict.” - World War II Magazine“US Navy submarine officer Joel Ira Holwitt has performed an impressive feat with this book. . . . Holwitt is to be commended for not shying away from moral judgments . . . This is a superb book that fully explains how the United States came to adopt a strategy regarded by many as illegal and tantamount to ‘terror’.” - Military Review

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Book SynopsisA Special Relationship provides not only a historical overview of the British in Hollywood, but also a detailed study of the contributions made by American individuals and companies to British cinema from the beginning of the twentieth century onwards. The story begins with Ohio-born Charles Urban who came to London in 1898 and deserves credit for major involvement in the creation of a British film industry. While Ireland was still a part of Britain, the New York-based Kalem Company made films there from 1910 to 1913. British producers realized the importance of American stars, and many actors, beginning with Florence Turner (who was arguably also the first American star), made numerous British films. In the 1920s, such Hollywood stars as Mae Marsh, Betty Blythe, and Dorothy Gish remained active in Britain. In the 1930s, as their careers came to a halt, more than one hundred former American stars made the trip to England, partly as a vacation and partly in the hope of reenergizing their careers.Chapters discuss American cinematographers at work in Britain in the 1920s and 1930s and the introduction of Technicolor to British films. Diversity is represented by African American performers (most notably Paul Robeson), the Chinese American star Anna May Wong, along with female filmmakers from Hollywood. With Britain's declaration of war on Germany, there were Americans who stayed, such as Bebe Daniels and Ben Lyon, contributing to the war effort. America became actively involved in British cinema after World War II, with many Hollywood studios producing films there. As the years progressed, the British film industry became an international film industry. The book concludes with the Harry Potter and James Bond series, indicative of a new international cinema, with financing and behind-the-camera talent coming from the United States, but with British locales and British stars.

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Book SynopsisThe story of the critical reception of Crane's great Civil War novel from its publication to the present, with particular attention to the effects of later wars on that reception. Stephen Crane's masterpiece The Red Badge of Courage was a sensation when it first appeared in 1895: many readers were astonished that this upstart, born after the Civil War, had written the single best novel on the subject. It remains one of the best books on the experience of war in American literature. Since its publication, The Red Badge has been repeatedly subjected to new scrutiny - not only by the passing of time and the changing of critical trends, but by every new war - to see if Crane's story still holds its power. So far, it has done so, not just in the eyes of literary critics but also among soldiers. The two world wars, Korea, Vietnam, the Gulf War, and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan: all these have shaped the book's critical reception; and veterans, many of whom have commended Crane's insight into the experience of battle, have significantly affected how it has been read and understood. After World War I, Red Badge was closely associated with modernist novels written by those with wartime experience, Ernest Hemingway most importantly. After World War II and Korea, the book resonated with the manyveterans the G.I. Bill brought into the classroom to study American literature, some of whom became critics themselves. And during and after Vietnam and the other controversial wars that have followed, Crane's book has continuedto call forth a steady stream of critical response. Kevin J. Hayes's book is the story of the critical reception of The Red Badge both in and out of war.Table of ContentsIntroduction "Read the Badge" Red Badge in the Trenches The Rise of Literary History The Red Badge of Courage and World War II Academia after the War The Vietnam Era Trauma, Disability and the War on Terror Works Cited

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Book SynopsisAn extensive look at historical, literary, and media representations of '68 in Germany, challenging the way it has been instrumentalized. In Germany, the concept of "1968" is enduring and synonymous with the German Student Movement, and is viewed, variously, as a fundamental liberalization, a myth, a second foundation, or an irritation. The movement's aims - radicalre-imagination of the political and economic order and social hierarchy - have been understood as requiring a "long march." While the movement has been judged at best a "successful failure," cultural elites continue to engage inthe construction of 1968. Ingo Cornils's book argues that writing about 1968 in Germany is no longer about the historical events or the specific objectives of a bygone counterculture, but is instead a moral touchstone, a marker ofsocial group identity meant to keep alive (or at bay) a utopian agenda that continues to fire the imagination. The book demonstrates that the representation of 1968 as a "foundational myth" suits the needs of a number of surprisingly heterogeneous groups, and that even attempts to deconstruct the myth strengthen it. Cornils brings together for the first time the historical, literary, and media representations of the movement, showing the motivation behindand effect of almost five decades of writing about 1968. In so doing, Cornils challenges the way 1968 has been instrumentalized: as a powerful imaginary that has colonized every aspect of life in Germany, and as symbolic capitalin cultural and political debates. Ingo Cornils is Professor of German Studies at the University of Leeds.Trade Review[V]ery important and useful . . . . Cornils analyses the 'successful failure' of the student revolt in Germany and the cultural construction of its myth in . . . all its components. -- Mauro Ponzi * LINKS *[A]n illuminating meta-history, not so much about 1968 as about the representation and mythologization of it. -- Hans Kundnani * TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT *[I]ndispensable to anyone seeking to understand why '1968' is still written about and why it still matters so much in Germany. -- Joachim Whaley * JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES *[M]eticulously researched and captivatingly narrated. . . . It is especially in the[] discursive shifts [that he describes and analyzes] -[which] concur with the shifts in German politics of memory in general - that the decisive benefit of Cornils' analysis appears. -- Ivana Perica * THEORY & EVENT *[A] meticulously researched and well executed analysis of the never-ending story of 1968, which draws on memory studies and expands on it. [Cornils's] comprehensive study is indispensable to everyone interested in understanding the meaning of the student movement in and for Germany . . . . -- Sabine von Dirke * GERMAN STUDIES REVIEW *The author has mastered the extensive literature and produced an engaging account of one of West Germany's most critical postwar periods. Highly recommended. * CHOICE *Cornils's impressive collection of materials that engage with 1968 mirrors the breathlessness of the events and the wide range of their interpretations and appropriations. * GERMAN QUARTERLY *[E]xcellent . . . . The significance of Cornils's work is . . . its releasing '1968' from history, handing it over to the present. . . . [F]ills a major gap . . . . * MODERN LANGUAGE REVIEW *[T]his volume . . . confirms the status of the author as a leading British-based expert in the area. . . . Cornils [writes] with infectious enthusiasm on a subject close to his heart. . . . [A] knowledgeable and readable book . . . . * JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN STUDIES *Table of ContentsIntroduction Heroes and Martyrs Chroniclers and Interpreters Critics and Renegades Talespinners and Poets Women of the Revolution "1968" and the Media "1968" and the Arts Zaungäste Not Dark Yet: The 68ers at 70 Romantic Relapse or Modern Myth? Conclusion Notes Bibliography

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Book SynopsisEmphasizing the role of and portrayal of emotion, this study argues for the inclusion of six late-eighteenth-century German-language novels by and about women in a revised canon. Literature written by women in German during the "Age of Goethe" was largely considered unworthy Trivialliteratur. Using insights from Gender Studies yet acknowledging the need for a literary canon, Great Books by German Women offers a critical interpretation of six canon-worthy German novels written by women in the period, which it calls the "Age of Emotion." The novels are chosen because they depict women's ordinary yet interesting lives and because each contains prose particularly expressive of emotion. Sophie von La Roche's Die Geschichte des Fräuleins von Sternheim draws on the tradition of the epistolary novel while finding new ways to depict empathetic emotions. Friederike Unger's Julchen Grünthal brings to the Frauenroman or women's novel the use of irony to portray a heroine's emotions during her coming of age. Sophie Mereau's Blütenalter der Empfindung imagines women's affinity for the philosophical sublime, while Caroline Wolzogen depicts female desire in her Agnes von Lilien: both add lyricism to their prose, capturing sensual emotions. Karoline Fischer's Die Honigmonathe explores the agony that extreme emotions cause - not only for women but for men. And Caroline Pichler's Frauenwürde expands the focus from a young heroine to multiple mature characters. This study concludes that the influence of these six works was in no way trivial, either in portraying women's lives and emotions or in the history of German literature.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Passion and Prejudice: Toward a New Literary Canon for the German Novel 1: An Anglophile Fräulein and Her Epistolary Emotions: Die Geschichte des Fräuleins von Sternheim (1771) by Sophie von La Roche 2: Reading for Pleasure vs. Reading for Pain: Julchen Grünthal: Eine Pensionsgeschichte (1784) by Friederike Unger 3: Sympathy for the Sublime: Das Blütenalter der Empfindung (1794) by Sophie Mereau 4: The Legitimacy of Passionate Narrative and the Metanarrative of Anonymity: Agnes von Lilien (1796) by Caroline von Wolzogen 5: Monstrous Pathos and the Agony of Female Influence: Die Honigmonathe(1804) by Caroline Fischer 6: Adultery Rewarded: Women's Emotions and Men's Indignity in Frauenwürde (1818) by Caroline Pichler Conclusion: Great Books, Or: The Laurel Wreath as a Mixed Blessing Appendix A: Publication Information and Plot Summaries, Chronologically Listed Appendix B: Biographies of the Novelists Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Goethe Yearbook is a publication of the Goethe Society of North America, showcasing North American and international scholarship on Goethe and other authors and aspects of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Volume 30 seeks to prompt discussion of new directions in eighteenth-century scholarship with special sections on Enlightenment legacies of race and on the robust scholarship that rethinks the eighteenth-century body beyond the human organism. Beyond the two special sections there are articles on Wieland's Alceste, several essays on sex and gender (e.g., on Goethe's Werther; on gender, genre, and authorship in La Roche and Goethe; and on continued gender bias in scholarship on the German eighteenth century), a co-authored article on Goethe's Roman elegies, and an article on performativity and gestures in Kleist. The customary book review section rounds out the volume.Table of ContentsEditors' Preface Patricia Anne Simpson and Birgit Tautz ESSAYS Wielands Singspiel Alceste, ein Stein des Anstoßes für Goethe? Hans Hahn Lotte's Bird, Female Desire, and the Language of 'Sexuality' in Leiden des jungen Werthers Carl Niekerk La Roche and Goethe: Gender, Genre, and Authorship Maryann Piel The Persistence of Bias in Eighteenth-Century Studies Margaretmary Daley Things of Art and Amor: Mediation in Goethe's Römische Elegien Sebastian Meixner and Carolin Rocks Reading Performatively: Disruptive Gestures in Heinrich von Kleist Katherine Pollock NEW DIRECTIONS Re-Examining (White) Enlightenment Legacies Through a German Lens Birgit Tautz and Patricia Anne Simpson Fractured Visions, New Horizons: Debates in Eighteenth-Century Studies Beyond German Studies Birgit Tautz Black Actors: Eighteenth-Century Cultures and Decolonial Fantasies Patricia Anne Simpson Interior Whiteness: Race and the "Rise of the Novel" Sarah V. Eldridge Racial Classification, Slavery, and Human Rights: The Impacts of the Transatlantic Order in Eighteenth-Century Germany Sigrid Köhler and Claudia Nitzschke FORUM Unexpected Bodies in the Eighteenth Century Introduction and Select Bibliography Patricia Anne Simpson and Birgit Tautz Mind over Body? Stigma, Staring, and the Self Anna C. Spafford Unexpected Bodies of Water: On the "Blue" Goethezeit Benjamin D. Schluter Queering Material Nature: Bewitched Bodies and the Limits of the Enlightenment Melissa Sheedy Plants as Unexpected Bodies Heather Sullivan Euphorion as an Aesthetic Body Heidi Grek Book Reviews

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Book SynopsisThe Atlantic Economy during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries is a collection of essays focusing on the expansion, elaboration, and increasing integration of the economy of the Atlantic basin--comprising parts of Europe, West Africa, and the Americas--during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In thirteen essays, the contributors examine the complex and variegated processes by which markets were created in the Atlantic basin and how they became integrated.While a number of the contributors focus on the economic history of a specific European imperial system, others, mirroring the realities of the world they are writing about, transcend imperial boundaries and investigate topics shared throughout the region. In the latter case, the contributors focus either on processes occurring along the margins or interstices of empires, or on ""breaches"" in the colonial systems established by various European powers. Taken together, the essays shed much-needed light on the organization and operation of both the European imperial orders of the early modern era and the increasingly integrated economy of the Atlantic basin challenging these orders over the course of the same period.Trade ReviewRosenfeld explores the causes of Roth's apartness and alienation from society, his feelings of nonidentity, and the inner conflicts that led to his premature death--and in the process, he brings the reader ever closer to this remarkable writer without a homeland."" - Choice""Thoughtful and carefully written a useful, up-to-date guide to Roth Scholarship."" - German Studies Review""The editor of the series Understanding European and Latin American Literature, which I consider an excellent autodidactic course in comparative literature has wisely included Joseph Roth, whose genius has hardly been recognized until now, over twenty years after his death. Rosenfeld includes not only synopses of Roth's numerous works but also a valuable biographical list, a nearly exhaustive bibliography, and a brilliant epilogue dealing with the enigma of Roth's ambivalent attitude toward his Galician/Jewish background and his patriotism-engendered attraction to Catholicism. Add to all this some profound insights of literary criticism, for which readers should be duly thankful."" - Robert Schwarz, World Literature Today

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Book SynopsisAlthough scholars often depict early modern Spanish women as victims, history and fiction of the period are filled with examples of women who defended their God-given right to make their own decisions and to define their own identities. The essays in Women Warriors in Early Modern Spain examine many such examples, demonstrating how women battled the status quo, defended certain causes, challenged authority, and broke barriers. Such women did not necessarily engage in masculine pursuits, but often used cultural production and engaged in social subversion to exercise resistance in the home, in the convent, on stage, or at their writing desks. Published by University of Delaware Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.

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Book SynopsisCrossing the remote, southern tip of Africa has fired the imagination of European travellers from the time Bartholomew Dias opened up the passage to the East by rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1488. Dutch, British, French, Danes, and Swedes formed an endless stream of seafarers who made the long journey southwards in pursuit of wealth, adventure, science, and missionary, as well as outright national, interest. Beginning by considering the early hunter-gatherer inhabitants of the Cape and their culture, Malcolm Jack focuses in his account on the encounter that the European visitors had with the Khoisan peoples, sometimes sympathetic but often exploitative from the time of the Portuguese to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833. This commercial and colonial background is key to understanding the development of the vibrant city that is modern Cape Town, as well as the rich diversity of the Cape hinterland. Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.Trade Review"This skillfully marshalled and elegantly recounted history opens up new pathways into the European cultural and intellectual past whilst underlining the mystical, mesmeric power of the Cape, that 'master link of connection between the western and eastern world.'"— The Bulletin of the National Library of South Africa "For European visitors who called at the Cape in past centuries its "otherness" - the iconic mountain, the unusual fauna and flora, the indigenous people and their alien culture - was forever the subject of wonder. This sense of awe is strongly evoked in Malcolm Jack's new book."— Cape Times "Anyone interested in travellers’ accounts will want to read Malcolm Jack’s lively and well-researched discussion of how visitors, from the Portuguese in the late 15th century to Lady Herschel in the 1830s, viewed the Cape and its people. Along with the sometimes colourful accounts the travelers gave of what they saw as the exotic landscape, fauna and flora of the Cape, Malcolm Jack focuses on their perceptions of the indigenous Khoisan, perceptionsthat helped shape the way the early colonial society developed."— Chris Saunders, Professor of History Emeritus, UCT "This commercial and colonial background is key to understanding the development of the vibrant city that is modern Cape Town, as well as the rich diversity of the Cape hinterland."— PEN South Africa "This book is a gift for anyone who is interested in the people of the world living together. It is written in elegant prose and makes its concern pointedly clear. Apart from the people, it is the impressive landscape and nature of South Africa which fascinates the author and for which he finds heavenly words. It is essential to see these features of the overall picture because they gave the people living there for thousands of years a functioning place to live. The book points out strongly that the unity between people and the land was destroyed by the Europeans, but the author avoids any moral indignation and lets the facts alone speak for themselves. The reader who is less familiar with the history of South Africa feels at least at this point the wish to know the country more intensely."— Jahrbuch fur Europäische Überseegeschichte "Malcolm Jack identifies three broad themes in the history of travel literature to the Cape: the Adamastor myth invented by the Portuguese epic poet de Camoëns; the myth of Paradise Lost and of the Noble Savage (a preoccupation of French writers); and the Arcadian image created by British colonial diarists transported by the beauty of the unfamiliar land. To guide the reader Malcolm Jack has chosen a select number of these adventurous authors. He charts their experiences and records their anecdotes and insights — subjective insights seldom to be found in the pages of conventional history books."— Jeremy Lawrence, PEN South Africa "Cape Encounters," by Malcolm Jack— CABO Fine Music Radio "People of Note" interview with Malcolm Jack— Fine Music Radio "People of Note" "Beginning with hunter-gatherer inhabitants of the Cape and their culture, Jack focuses on the encounter that the European visitors had with the Khoisan peoples, sometimes sympathetic but often exploitative from the time of the Portuguese to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833. This commercial and colonial background is key to understanding the development of the vibrant city that is modern Cape Town, as well as the rich diversity of the Cape hinterland."— The Society of Antiquaries of London Online Newsletter "Following a wide selection of visitors to the Cape, ranging from scientists to missionaries, this ground-breaking study centres in the experience of cross-cultural encounter in the colony covering the period from Van Riebeeck’s momentous importation of slaves to the official abolition of slavery in the 1830s. An authority on the European enlightenment and on constitutional law, Malcolm Jack brings exceptional critical resources to bear on a body of writing that is uniquely rich and full of implication. Crammed with new insights, and enlivened by arresting detail, this is a book that will appeal to the general reader as much as to the scholar."— Peter Knox-Shaw, author of Jane Austen and the EnlightenmentTable of Contents List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments 1 Ancient and Mythical Place 2 Adamastor's Reign 3 Paradise Lost 4 Enlightenment Visitors 5 Ennobling the Savage 6 Paradise Regained 7 A Call for Freedom Afterword Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisRecognizing distance as a central concern of the Enlightenment, this volume offers eight essays on distance in art and literature; on cultural transmission and exchange over distance; and on distance as a topic in science, a theme in literature, and a central issue in modern research methods. Through studies of landscape gardens, architecture, imaginary voyages, transcontinental philosophical exchange, and cosmological poetry, Hemispheres and Stratospheres unfurls the early history of a distance culture that influences our own era of global information exchange, long-haul flights, colossal skyscrapers, and space tourism. Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press. Trade Review“In eight wide-ranging essays by prominent scholars, this groundbreaking collection challenges how Enlightenment and long-eighteenth-century researchers need to reassess the interdisciplinary nature, cultural richness, and international scope of this topic. The study ventures into new territories in the international and cultural terrain of distance studies, uncovering uncharted research and future prospects in the digital humanities.” -- Mark Pedreira * Professor of English, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras *“With his characteristic intellectual amplitude, Kevin L. Cope presents in this volume essays on the eighteenth-century ‘prospect’ in art and literature, the function of distance in Italian architecture, the European travel of two South Indian priests, the dislocations and adaptations of ‘long distance’ imaginary voyages, and the possible advantages of ‘distant’ reading—among others. While novel in its core supposition, the volume pays respect to an older, distinguished scholarly orientation that is perfectly in line with our own multidisciplinary moment: the history of ideas.” -- John Scanlan * coeditor of The Age of Johnson *“In eight wide-ranging essays by prominent scholars, this groundbreaking collection challenges how Enlightenment and long-eighteenth-century researchers need to reassess the interdisciplinary nature, cultural richness, and international scope of this topic. The study ventures into new territories in the international and cultural terrain of distance studies, uncovering uncharted research and future prospects in the digital humanities.” -- Mark Pedreira * Professor of English, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras *“With his characteristic intellectual amplitude, Kevin L. Cope presents in this volume essays on the eighteenth-century ‘prospect’ in art and literature, the function of distance in Italian architecture, the European travel of two South Indian priests, the dislocations and adaptations of ‘long distance’ imaginary voyages, and the possible advantages of ‘distant’ reading—among others. While novel in its core supposition, the volume pays respect to an older, distinguished scholarly orientation that is perfectly in line with our own multidisciplinary moment: the history of ideas.” -- John Scanlan * coeditor of The Age of Johnson *Table of Contents List of Illustrations Introduction Part I: Best Seen at a Distance: The Art of the Far Away Looking Down: Observations on Elevation, Prospect Vision, and Eighteenth-Century Imagination Roger D. Lund Space and the Meaning of Distance in Bernardo Vittone’s Architecture William Stargard Change of Air, Change of Self: Long Distance and Human Adaptability in Imaginary Voyages of the Long Eighteenth Century Bärbel Czennia Part II: Culture Over and As Distance Distant Lands, Distant Races, Distant Cultures: Two Eighteenth-Century South Indian Priests Go to Europe Brijraj Singh Connecting Hemispheres, Playing with Distance: Rammohun Roy, an Indian Transnationalist Chandrava Chakravarty Part III: The Nature of Distance New Science, Distant Reading, and Distance as Intersubjectivity Rachel Mann Orbiting Iambs: Enlightenment Cosmology and Conveniently Condensed Immensities Kevin L. Cope Journeys to the Edge: The Idea and Experience of Distance in Archival Research Phyllis Thompson Acknowledgments Bibliography Notes on Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisOriental Networks explores forms of interconnectedness between Western and Eastern hemispheres during the long eighteenth century, a period of improving transportation technology, expansion of intercultural contacts, and the emergence of a global economy. In eight case studies and a substantial introduction, the volume examines relationships between individuals and institutions, precursors to modern networks that engaged in forms of intercultural exchange. Addressing the exchange of cultural commodities (plants, animals, and artifacts), cultural practices and ideas, the roles of ambassadors and interlopers, and the literary and artistic representation of networks, networkers, and networking, contributors discuss the effects on people previously separated by vast geographical and cultural distance. Rather than idealizing networks as inherently superior to other forms of organization, Oriental Networks also considers Enlightenment expressions of resistance to networking that inform modern skepticism toward the concept of the global network and its politics. In doing so the volume contributes to the increasingly global understanding of culture and communication. Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.Trade Review"The topic is clearly timely, as questions surrounding globalization and networks continue to be some of the most pressing of the twenty-first century. Such questions thus continue to demand historical investigation that is both substantial in its scholarship and innovative in its approach – a dual hurdle that Oriental Networks clears with ease, even panache. The editors are to be commended on their choice of contributions, which impressively encompass canonical and non-canonical writers, and contain an embarrassment of archival riches. The fact that the collection is lavishly, intelligently illustrated is a real bonus, too!" -- Evan Gottlieb * author of Romantic Globalism: British Literature and Modern World Order, 1750-1830 *"Oriental Networks provides ample evidence that the networked worlds of the twenty-first century descend, in crucial ways, from eighteenth-century European experiments in global interconnection, both material and conceptual, with a particular focus on the East. The ambivalence of eighteenth-century orientalisms lends itself to the complex and sometimes unpredictable dynamics of transculturation and exchange within emergent paradigms of empire. These case studies invite response from non-Eurocentric sites of knowledge and thus initiate an important conversation." -- Eugenia Zuroski * author of A Taste for China: English Subjectivity and the Prehistory of Orientalism *Table of Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgment Introduction: Oriental Networks in the Long Eighteenth Century Bärbel Czennia Chapter 1: Knowing and Growing Tea: China, Britain, and the Formation of a Modern Global Commodity Richard Coulton Chapter 2: China-Pugs: The Global Circulation of Chinoiseries, Porcelain, and Lapdogs, 1660–1800 Stephanie Howard-Smith Chapter 3: Green Rubies from the Ganges: Eighteenth-Century Gardening as Intercultural Networking Bärbel Czennia Chapter 4: The Blood of Noble Martyrs: Penelope Aubin’s Global Economy of Virtue as Critique of Imperial Networks Samara Anne Cahill Chapter 5: Robert Morrison and the Dialogic Representation of Imperial China Jennifer L. Hargrave Chapter 6: At Home with Empire? Charles Lamb, the East India Company, and “The South Sea House” James Watt Chapter 7: Commerce and Cosmology on Lord George Macartney’s Embassy to China, 1792–94 Greg Clingham Chapter 8: Extreme Networking: Maria Graham’s Mountaintop, Underground, Intercontinental, and Otherwise Multidimensional Connections Kevin L. Cope Bibliography Index About the Contributors

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Book SynopsisOriental Networks explores forms of interconnectedness between Western and Eastern hemispheres during the long eighteenth century, a period of improving transportation technology, expansion of intercultural contacts, and the emergence of a global economy. In eight case studies and a substantial introduction, the volume examines relationships between individuals and institutions, precursors to modern networks that engaged in forms of intercultural exchange. Addressing the exchange of cultural commodities (plants, animals, and artifacts), cultural practices and ideas, the roles of ambassadors and interlopers, and the literary and artistic representation of networks, networkers, and networking, contributors discuss the effects on people previously separated by vast geographical and cultural distance. Rather than idealizing networks as inherently superior to other forms of organization, Oriental Networks also considers Enlightenment expressions of resistance to networking that inform modern skepticism toward the concept of the global network and its politics. In doing so the volume contributes to the increasingly global understanding of culture and communication. Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.Trade Review"The topic is clearly timely, as questions surrounding globalization and networks continue to be some of the most pressing of the twenty-first century. Such questions thus continue to demand historical investigation that is both substantial in its scholarship and innovative in its approach – a dual hurdle that Oriental Networks clears with ease, even panache. The editors are to be commended on their choice of contributions, which impressively encompass canonical and non-canonical writers, and contain an embarrassment of archival riches. The fact that the collection is lavishly, intelligently illustrated is a real bonus, too!" -- Evan Gottlieb * author of Romantic Globalism: British Literature and Modern World Order, 1750-1830 *"Oriental Networks provides ample evidence that the networked worlds of the twenty-first century descend, in crucial ways, from eighteenth-century European experiments in global interconnection, both material and conceptual, with a particular focus on the East. The ambivalence of eighteenth-century orientalisms lends itself to the complex and sometimes unpredictable dynamics of transculturation and exchange within emergent paradigms of empire. These case studies invite response from non-Eurocentric sites of knowledge and thus initiate an important conversation." -- Eugenia Zuroski * author of A Taste for China: English Subjectivity and the Prehistory of Orientalism *"The topic is clearly timely, as questions surrounding globalization and networks continue to be some of the most pressing of the twenty-first century. Such questions thus continue to demand historical investigation that is both substantial in its scholarship and innovative in its approach – a dual hurdle that Oriental Networks clears with ease, even panache. The editors are to be commended on their choice of contributions, which impressively encompass canonical and non-canonical writers, and contain an embarrassment of archival riches. The fact that the collection is lavishly, intelligently illustrated is a real bonus, too!" -- Evan Gottlieb * author of Romantic Globalism: British Literature and Modern World Order, 1750-1830 *"Oriental Networks provides ample evidence that the networked worlds of the twenty-first century descend, in crucial ways, from eighteenth-century European experiments in global interconnection, both material and conceptual, with a particular focus on the East. The ambivalence of eighteenth-century orientalisms lends itself to the complex and sometimes unpredictable dynamics of transculturation and exchange within emergent paradigms of empire. These case studies invite response from non-Eurocentric sites of knowledge and thus initiate an important conversation." -- Eugenia Zuroski * author of A Taste for China: English Subjectivity and the Prehistory of Orientalism *Table of Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgment Introduction: Oriental Networks in the Long Eighteenth Century Bärbel Czennia Chapter 1: Knowing and Growing Tea: China, Britain, and the Formation of a Modern Global Commodity Richard Coulton Chapter 2: China-Pugs: The Global Circulation of Chinoiseries, Porcelain, and Lapdogs, 1660–1800 Stephanie Howard-Smith Chapter 3: Green Rubies from the Ganges: Eighteenth-Century Gardening as Intercultural Networking Bärbel Czennia Chapter 4: The Blood of Noble Martyrs: Penelope Aubin’s Global Economy of Virtue as Critique of Imperial Networks Samara Anne Cahill Chapter 5: Robert Morrison and the Dialogic Representation of Imperial China Jennifer L. Hargrave Chapter 6: At Home with Empire? Charles Lamb, the East India Company, and “The South Sea House” James Watt Chapter 7: Commerce and Cosmology on Lord George Macartney’s Embassy to China, 1792–94 Greg Clingham Chapter 8: Extreme Networking: Maria Graham’s Mountaintop, Underground, Intercontinental, and Otherwise Multidimensional Connections Kevin L. Cope Bibliography Index About the Contributors

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Book SynopsisThe English language arrived in Australia with the first motley bunch of European settlers on 26 January 1788. Today there is clearly a distinctive Australian regional dialect with its own place among the global family of ‘Englishes’. How did this come about? Where did the distinctive pattern, accent, and verbal inventions that make up Aussie English come from? A lively narrative, this book tells the story of the birth, rise and triumphant progress of the colourful dingo lingo that we know today as Aussie English.

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Book SynopsisLong before the arrival of the ‘Empire Windrush’ after the Second World War, Liverpool was widely known for its polyglot population, its boisterous ‘sailortown’ and cosmopolitan profile of transients, sojourners and settlers. Regarding Britain as the mother country, ‘coloured’ colonials arrived in Liverpool for what they thought to be internal migration into a common British world. What they encountered, however, was very different. Their legal status as British subjects notwithstanding, ‘coloured’ colonials in Liverpool were the first to discover: ‘There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack’. Despite the absence of significant new immigration, despite the high levels of mixed dating, marriages and parentage, and despite pioneer initiatives in race and community relations, black Liverpudlians encountered racial discrimination, were left marginalized and disadvantaged and, in the aftermath of the Toxteth riots of 1981, the once proud ‘cosmopolitan’ Liverpool stood condemned for its ‘uniquely horrific’ racism. ‘Before the Windrush’ is a fascinating study that enriches our understanding of how the empire ‘came home’. By drawing attention to Liverpool’s mixed population in the first half of the twentieth century and its approach to race relations, this book seeks to provide historical context and perspective to debates about Britain’s experience of empire in the twentieth century.Trade Review'With this - his best - book, Professor Belchem tells a story from the Mersey that not only speaks to the British present, it roars. [...] So roll over Nigel Farage: longer then anywhere else in Britain, Liverpool has heard it all before and knows where it leads.' Ed Vulliamy, The Observer * The Observer *'… a pioneering study of race relations in twentieth-century Liverpool, based on a wealth of primary sources and written with clarity. The general treatment is chronological, from the early 1900s to the Toxteth riots in 1981. ...This book is more than a contribution to the city’s history: it should be read by people responsible for shaping the country’s future race relations.'Northern History'The research on which [Before the Windrush] is based is characteristically deep and wide-ranging... it is informed throughout by an intimate understanding of the peculiarities of place and people. Belchem has written an important monograph which merits study by all concerned with the subject, and it is right to salute here both this particular achievement and his overall contribution to the history of Liverpool.'Philip Waller, English Historical ReviewTable of Contents List of Tables List of Abbreviations Acknowledgements Preface Introduction: ‘The most disturbing case of racial disadvantage in the United Kingdom’ 1. Edwardian cosmopolitanism 2. Riot, miscegenation and inter-war depression 3. War-time hospitality and the colour bar 4. Repatriation, reconstruction and post-war race relations 5. Race relations in the 1950s 6. 1960s: race and youth 7. The failure of community relations 8. ‘It took a riot’ Sources consulted Index

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Book SynopsisSince the onset of the troubles in the late 1960s, people in Northern Ireland have been working together to bring about a peaceful, non-violent end to the conflict. In doing so, they have used their efforts as a means to support the transition to a post-conflict society in the wake of the ceasefires and the Good Friday Agreement. This collection is the first to examine the different forms of peace and reconciliation work that have taken place. It brings together an international group of scholars to examine initiatives such as integrated education, faith-based peace building, cross-border co-operation and women’s activism as well as the impact that government policy and European funding have had upon the development of peace and reconciliation organisations. This unique collection of essays demonstrates the contribution that such schemes have made to the peace process and the part that they can play in Northern Ireland’s future. Contributors include: Kevin Bean (Liverpool), Katy Hayward (Queens), Peter Shirlow(Queens), and Kieron McEvoy (Queens).Trade ReviewThe book constitutes a valuable contribution to scholarly debate on the role of civil society in conflict resolution, and a timely reminder that the hard work of building peace in Northern Ireland has only just begun. . . . Hopefully, the insights of the authors will inform policies to support and enhance the grassroots peacebuilding work that, while often taken for granted, has not been insignificant. Gladys Ganiel, Irish Literary Supplement * Irish Literary Supplement *Table of Contents Acknowledgements Contributors 1. Introduction: Peacebuilding in Northern Ireland - Maria Power 2. Understanding the role of non-aligned civil society in peacebuilding in Northern Ireland: towards a fresh approach - Nicholas Acheson, Carl Milofsky and Maurice Stringer 3. The role of civil society in promoting peace in Northern Ireland - Timothy J. White 4. The contribution of integrated schools to peacebuilding in Northern Ireland - Claire McGlynn 5. Providing a prophetic voice for peace? Church leaders and peacebuilding - Maria Power 6. ‘Peace Women’, gender and peacebuilding in Northern Ireland: from reconciliation and political inclusion to human rights and human security - Marie Hammond-Callaghan 7. Encumbered by data: understanding politically motivated former prisoners and the transition to peace in Northern Ireland - Kieran McEvoy and Pete Shirlow 8. Loyalism and peacebuilding in the 2000s - Joana Etchart 9. Civil Society, the State and conflict Transformation in the Nationalist Community - Kevin Bean 10. Examining the peacebuilding policy framework of the Irish and British governments - Sandra Buchanan 11. Building peace and crossing borders: the north/south dimension of reconciliation - Katy Hayward, Cathal McCall and Ivo Damkat 12. Peace dividends: the role of aid in peacebuilding - Elham Atashi Index

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Book SynopsisThis book critically examines the republican career of one of Ireland’s more controversial political figures, Seán MacBride (1904-1988), focusing on his subversive activities prior to his reinvention as a constitutional politician. MacBride, a Nobel and Lenin prize-winning humanitarian, was a youthful participant in the Irish Revolution of 1916-1923. He was an active member of the Dublin Brigade of the Irish Republican Army during the War of Independence, and found himself on the losing side of the 1922-23 Civil War. Rising through the ranks of the depleted and demoralised post-revolutionary republican movement, MacBride occupied a leadership position in the Irish Republican Army for fifteen years, bridging the difficult formative years of the Irish Free State to the ascent of de Valera and Fianna Fáil. Leaving behind an active part in the republican movement in 1938, MacBride moved into legal circles, carving out a successful career at the Irish Bar through the years of the Emergency, while maintaining links with both the IRA the German legation in Dublin. As well as providing the first scholarly assessment of MacBride’s political career within the Irish republican movement, this book offers wider reflections on the transition from violent republicanism to constitutional politics. The book also analyses internal tensions and strategic shifts within the Irish republican community in the post-revolutionary period, in particular the oscillations between politics and militarism, and considers the political, ideological and moral challenges that the Second World War presented to Irish political culture.Trade ReviewReviews'An extremely interesting biographical study, written with a light and sensitive hand, which skilfully paints a credible portrait of a complex and elusive character.' Eunan O’Halpin, Trinity College Dublin'[An] ... elegantly written and penetrating study of MacBride’s early career... Nic Dháibhéid’s book charts [MacBride's] life up to the formation of Clann na Poblachta, in 1946, tracing with a fine, forensic touch his precocious involvement in the republican struggle... What emerges is distinctly new.' Roy Foster, Irish Times'A welcome addition to the literature on twentieth-century Ireland in general and MacBride in particular. It makes a significant contribution to our understanding of his early years. The book is also essential reading for anyone interested in the revolutionary period and the IRA's relationship with the new state after independence.' Ciara Meehan, Irish Literary Supplement'This book focuses on his fragmented childhood when, as a teenage boy, he saw his mother imprisoned and had his first battles with authority. Nic Dhábhéid’s book not only throws fascinating light on MacBride’s formative years, but also on the bitter internal struggles of the IRA, leading to the torture of its alcoholic chief of staff, Stephen Hayes, and the brutal murder of Wexford man Michael Devereux.'Sunday Business Post'Nic Dhaibheid’s impressive and important new study now stands as the essential work on MacBride’s equally fascinating early years.'Journal of British Studies, Vol. 51, No. 4Table of Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction 1. 'The Centre of Delight of the Household': 1904-1916 2. 'Fighting the Tans at Fourteen': 1916-1918 3. Seán MacBride's Irish Revolution: 1919-1921 4. Rising through the Ranks: 1921-1926 5. 'The Driving Force of the Army': 1926-1932 6. 'The Guiding Influence of the Mass of the People should be the IRA': 1932-1937 7. Becoming Legitimate? 1938-1940 8. 'Standing Counsel to the Illegal Organisation': 1943-1946 Epilogue Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe story of propaganda and patriotism in First World War Britain too often focuses on the clichés of Kitchener, ‘over by Christmas’ and the deaths of patriotic young volunteers at the Somme and elsewhere. A common assumption is that familiar forms of patriotism did not survive the war. However, the activities of the National War Aims Committee in 1917-18 suggest that propaganda and patriotism remained vigorous in Britain in the last years of the war. The NWAC, a semi-official Parliamentary organisation responsible for propaganda to counteract civilian war-weariness, produced masses of propaganda material aimed at re-stimulating civilian patriotism and yet remains largely unknown and rarely discussed. This book provides the first detailed study of the NWAC’s activities, propaganda and reception. It demonstrates the significant role played by the NWAC in British society after July 1917, illuminating the local network of agents and committees which conducted its operations and the party political motivations behind these. At the core of the book is a comprehensive analysis of the Committee’s propaganda. NWAC propaganda contained an underlying patriotic narrative which re-presented many familiar pre-war patriotic themes in ways that sought to encompass the experiences of civilians worn down by years of total war. By interpreting propaganda through the purposes it served, rather than the quantity of discussion of particular aspects, the book rejects common and reductive interpretations which depict propaganda as being mainly about the vilification of enemies. Through this analysis, the book makes a wider plea for deeper attention to the purposes behind patriotic language.Trade ReviewReviews'Impressively detailed, this book is a major, original and illuminating contribution to the scholarship of propaganda.' Adrian Gregory'Monger has been able to shed important light on a crucial propaganda organisation, existing during the last months of the war when the maintenance of morale had become so important, and successfully presents this in a fashion that would interest anyone concerned with the employment of propaganda in the early part of the 20th century.'William Butler, Reviews in History'…the NWAC mattered, and was seen to matter. The same can, and should, be said of this monograph. Monger has written an interesting and original book on an important subject; this work deserves to become required reading not only for students of wartime propaganda, but for anyone interested in the nature of the wartime British state, or in the very idea of “patriotism” in modern Britain.' Matthew Johnson, English Historical Review'Monger has written an interesting and original book on an important subject; this work deserves to become required reading not only for students of wartime propaganda, but for anyone interested in the nature of the wartime British state, or in the very idea of ‘patriotism’ in modern Britain.' Matthew Johnson, English Historical ReviewTable of Contents List of figures and tables List of abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction Part 1: The National War Aims Committee 1: The development of wartime propaganda and the emergence of the NWAC 2: The NWAC at work 3: Local agency, local work: the role of constituency War Aims Committees Part 2: Patriotism for a purpose: NWAC propaganda 4: Presentational patriotisms 5: Adversaries at home and abroad: the context of negative difference 6: Civilisational principles: Britain and its allies as the guardians of civilisation 7: Patriotisms of duty: sacrifice, obligation and community – the narrative core of NWAC propaganda 8: Promises for the future: the encouragement of aspirations for a better life, nation and world Part 3: The impact of the NWAC 9: ‘A premium on corruption’? Parliamentary, pressure group and national press responses 10: Individual and local reactions to the NWAC Conclusion Appendices Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn the midst of the freezing winter of 1978–79, more than 2,000 strikes, infamously coined the “Winter of Discontent,” erupted across Britain as workers rejected the then Labour Government’s attempts to curtail wage increases with an incomes policy. Labour’s subsequent electoral defeat at the hands of the Conservative Party under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher ushered in an era of unprecedented political, economic, and social change for Britain. A potent social myth also quickly developed around the Winter of Discontent, one where “bloody-minded” and “greedy” workers brought down a sympathetic government and supposedly invited the ravages of Thatcherism upon the British labour movement. 'The Winter of Discontent' provides a re-examination of this crucial series of events in British history by charting the construction of the myth of the Winter of Discontent. Highlighting key strikes and bringing forward the previously-ignored experiences of female, black, and Asian rank-and-file workers along-side local trade union leaders, the author places their experiences within a broader constellation of trade union, Labour Party, and Conservative Party changes in the 1970s, showing how striking workers’ motivations become much more textured and complex than the “bloody-minded” or “greedy” labels imply. The author further illustrates that participants’ memories represent a powerful force of “counter-memory,” which for some participants, frame the Winter of Discontent as a positive and transformative series of events, especially for the growing number of female activists. Overall, this fascinating book illuminates the nuanced contours of myth, memory, and history of the Winter of Discontent.Trade ReviewReviews 'The most comprehensive, balanced and persuasive analysis of the Winter of Discontent so far available.'Pat Thane'An important book of considerable scholarship and historical technique, offering valuable alternative perspectives and significant insights into the industrial unrest of the British ‘winter of discontent’.' John Shepherd, University of Huddersfield'Lopez’s study focuses – as the title suggests – on the creation of the myths that surrounded the Winter of Discontent, and their subsequent repackaging and reiteration in the 1980s and beyond. Utilising a number of previously unseen sources, especially some stimulating and thought-provoking interviews with a number of those who participated on various sides of the 1978/9 industrial disputes, the study provides an important addition to the ever-growing historiography of late-twentieth-century British political history.' Andrew Edwards, Labour History Review'The book makes possible a significantly more nuanced understanding, both of the ‘lived experience’ of those who participated in industrial action and of the dire economic conditions from which the strikes emerged. The result is a valuable contribution to the scholarly literature on the 1970s.'Robert Saunders, Twentieth Century British History'Martin López looks beyond the common, monolithic understanding of the period to examine the complex, underlying forces that affected the strikes and their reception by Labour and Conservative politicians, the media and the British public. Her book traces the ways in which understandings and experiences of gender were embedded within workers’ lives and the increasing gendering of trade union spaces, which is often overlooked in retellings of the event. ... this is a valuable and important book for people interested in British labour, economic and political history, as well as gender and transnational feminist studies. Martin López deepens and enriches previous scholarly understandings of the period.' Laura Y. Merrell, Feminist ReviewTable of Contents Dedication Acknowledgements Foreword by Sheila Rowbotham Introduction 1. The Ghosts of the Past: Myth and the Winter of Discontent 2. Winter of Discontent:Causes and Context 3. The Floodgates Open: The Strike at Ford 4. ‘The Second Stalingrad:’ The Road Haulage Strikes 5. ‘Freezers of Corpses and Sea Burials:’ The Liverpool Gravediggers’ Strike 6. Unseemly Behaviour: Women and Local Authority Strikes 7. ‘Celia’s Gate’ and Strikes in the National Health Service 8. Crosscurrents of Memory: Myth, Memory, and Counter-Memory 9. Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book offers an introduction to medieval English book-history through a sequence of exemplary analyses of commonplace book-historical problems. Rather than focus on bibliographical particulars, the volume considers a variety of ways in which scholars use manuscripts to discuss book culture, and it provides a wide-ranging introductory bibliography to aid in the study. All the essays try to suggest how the study of surviving medieval books might be useful in considering medieval literary culture more generally. Subjects covered include authorship, genre, discontinuous production, scribal individuality and community, the history of libraries and the history of book provenance.Trade ReviewReviews'Scholarship in this work is superb. Quotations, translations, bibliography are spot on. Professor Hanna’s lifetime of intelligent work in the field glows at all points of discussion.' MS referee'This is a first-rate book from a scholar at the forefront of palaeographical and bibliographical study; it will have a wide readership. It will be an excellent partner for the recent Owen-Crocker volume 'Working with Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts.' Series Editors'This handsome volume teaches far more than the facts of book history, manuscript culture, and Middle English Literature. It is a model of how to sleuth, how to think critically, how to enter into a detective mindset 'in which every implicit assumption of knowledge [is] teased out, queried and productively qualified.'Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und LiteraturenTable of Contents Illustrations Abbreviations Introduction Acknowledgements On the reproductions 1. Texts and their books: the case of 'Beowulf' 2. Medieval authors and texts: the Middle English 'Benjamin' Appendix: The manuscripts of 'Benjamin' 3. The history of a book: Bodleian Library, MS Rawlinson C.285 4. Shared exemplars: British Library, MS Cotton Galba E.ix and its relations 5. Scribal oeuvres: ‘Chaucer’s Scribe’ and his 'Canterbury Tales' 6. A book contract and its ‘set text’: John Forbor’s Psalter Appendix: The Slaithwaite indenture: a transcription, translation and notes 7. Provenances: some medieval libraries Appendix: Selections from medieval booklists John Erghome (OESA of York) Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester The lord Welles Index of manuscripts cited Index of scholars cited

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Book SynopsisThis book studies the political role of the Chilean military during the years 1808-1826. Beginning with the fall of the Spanish monarchy to Napoleon in 1808 and ending immediately after the last royalist contingents were expelled from the island of Chiloé, it does not seek to give a full picture of the participation of military men on the battlefield but rather to interpret their involvement in local politics. In so doing, this book aims to make a contribution to the understanding of Chile’s revolution of independence, as well as to discuss some of the most recent historiographical contributions on the role of the military in the creation of the Chilean republic. Although the focus is placed on the career and participation of Chilean revolutionary officers, this book also provides an overview of both the role of royalist armies and the influence of international events in Chile.Trade Review'This book takes a fresh look at Chilean independence, focused on war and the rise of military leadership. Based on extensive research in primary sources and entering into debate with recent historiography, it makes a valuable contribution to the literature on war and politics in the age of Latin American independence.' Anthony McFarlane, University of Warwick'Armies, Politics, and Revolution: Chile, 1808-1826 can be regarded as a significant contribution to the collection of books relating to Independence, especially with regard to the study of civil-military relations, to the the social impact of war and the politicization of the army at the construction stage in the framework of a welcome turn to a political and army.'Gabriel Cid, Universidad Diego Portales'In Armies, Politics, and Revolution, Juan Luis Ossa Santa Cruz examines the impact warfare had on political modernity in Chile between 1808 and 1826.Ossa Santa Cruz argues “that the revolutionary war was a prolonged experience that—for good or bad—had permanent effects on Chilean society” (5). The book describes in detail the different armies in wars that led to Chilean independence. It analyzes both royal forces and the Army of the Andes, which finally won the war and established—in the words of Ossa Santa Cruz—a military regime in Chile.'Ulrich Mücke, Latin American Research ReviewTable of ContentsAbbreviations Maps Introduction I. Themes and hypotheses II. Book structure III. A note on sources and terminology Chapter I: Building up a revolutionary army in Chile, 1808-1814 I. 1808-1810: internal responses to imperial crisis II. A conflict of politics, a conflict between provinces III. Revolutionary warfare in Chile IV. The political legitimization of a revolutionary movement Chapter II: Political and military counterrevolution in Chile, 1814-1817 I. Mariano Osorio’s political and military behaviour II. Francisco Marcó del Pont: alienating internal inhabitants, facing an external threat III. Was it possible to re-conquer Chile? Chapter III: Mendoza: the preparation of a South American army, 1814-1817 I. Chilean émigrés in a foreign territory II. The Army of the Andes and the militarization of civil society III. Chileans in the Army of the Andes. Spies, military intelligence and the guerra de zapa IV. Crossing the Cordillera Chapter IV: The establishment of a military regime in Chile, 1817-1823 I. Ruling over an unruly population II. Maipú: battle for territorial dominance III. Irregular warfare in the south of Chile IV. The personalization of politics Chapter V: Becoming a Chilean army. The Ejército Libertador del Perú, 1818-1823 I. The organization of the Ejército Libertador del Perú and the first Chilean navy II. Lima: royalist stronghold III. Internal conflicts, external consequences IV. Becoming a Chilean army Chapter VI: The political role of the military in the making of the Chilean republic, 1822-1826 I. The revival of Concepción and the Army of the South II. The political role of the military in the 1820s. The case of Francisco Antonio Pinto III. Politicizing the army in the Chilean Congress IV. Chiloé: capitulation of revolutionary warfare Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisFunding Philanthropy investigates Dr Barnardo’s work and philanthropic ‘empire’ as early manifestations of promotional and branding mechanisms in the mid- to late-Victorian period, processes that would seem commonplace by the mid- to late-twentieth century. Barnardo possessed a strategic sense of what would excite people’s interest and pity, as well as a seemingly unfailing capacity to package and promote evangelical philanthropy on behalf of children, the nation and the Empire. Thus, the book explores Barnardo as creative promoter and ‘showman,’ a savvy entrepreneur in an evangelical context that overtly mandated against privileging business principles generally, and the practice of direct appeal specifically. To manage the business of philanthropy, Barnardo operated as narrator, orchestrator, and showman, depending upon artfully constructed bodies, images and stories as imperatives for emotional engagement and collective participation. Funding Philanthropy offers new knowledge to anyone interested in Victorian history, conceptualising children, literary modes, and marketing practices. The book also considers how Barnardo’s conception of charity is closely aligned with principles of unconditional hospitality, precisely at a moment in time when the English were intent on centralising philanthropy and on meting out support according to measures Barnardo regarded as punitive and unchristian. Part One explicates how institutional branding evolved according to the properties associated with the metaphor of the ‘open door’; Part Two elucidates how narrative devices associated with fiction raise both affect and funds; Part Three concentrates on how Barnardo exploited strategies associated with dramatic performance in public spectacles, despite his adamant strictures against the theatre itself. Discussion burrows down to elucidate such events as highly ritualised Annual General Meetings, child picnics, as well as ubiquitous ‘bazaars’ and self-denial drives. Extensive research in Barnardo’s vast archive of periodical publication for children, youth and adults and the wider public press underpin the discursive analysis.Trade ReviewReviews 'A very engaging and insightful account of Barnardo’s work.' Kate Bradley, University of KentTable of ContentsPart One: Metaphor Chapter One The ‘Open Door’: Metaphor and Promoting the Barnardo Brand Part Two: Narrative Chapter Two Narrative: Raising Affect, Raising Funds Chapter Three Dr Barnardo’s ‘Young Helpers’: Agency, Philanthropy and Juvenile Periodicals Chapter Four The ‘Queen’s Shades’ and a ‘Gothicized’ London Part Three: Spectacle Chapter Five: Barnardo’s Bazaars, Desire and Self Denial Chapter Six ‘Panoramas’ and ‘Living Pictures’: Dr Barnardo’s Annual Meetings

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Book SynopsisHagiographical writing, including the Lives of saints and martyrs and collections of their miracles, were one of the most popular, perhaps the most popular form of literature accessible to ordinary people in the medieval world. St. Theodore ‘the Recruit’ was one of the best-known of the so-called ‘military saints’ or ‘soldier saints’, particularly in the medieval eastern Roman, or Byzantine, and the eastern Christian world, where churches dedicated to him were to be found in towns, cities and in the countryside. While the cult of St. Theodore has been studied in the context of hagiographical writing and from the perspective of his representation in medieval art, this is the first translation into a modern language of any of the Greek texts connected with St Theodore. Ranging in date from the fifth to the eleventh century CE, five accounts of the martyrdom of the saint together with two sets of miracles have been selected, texts that testify to the growth and to the evolution of the martyrdoms and miracle collections associated with him. St Theodore ‘the Recruit’ had a senior partner, St Theodore ‘the General’ who first appears in the ninth century and reflects the tastes and demands of middle Byzantine élite society.With a detailed introduction that examines the structure of the texts and their historical development, this volume also situates them in the context of recent archaeological work at Roman Euchaïta, the centre of the cult in Anatolia.Table of ContentsForewordAcknowledgementsIllustrationsChapter 1: IntroductionSt Theodore ‘the Recruit’St Theodore ‘the General’St Theodore ‘the Recruit’ and EuchaïtaChapter 2: The textsContext: martyrdoms and miraclesThe martyrdom accounts: date and development The miracle collectionsChapter 3: TranslationsText 1: Encomium of Chrysippos, priest of Jerusalem, on the holy martyr Theodore, together with a partial account of his miracles (BHG 1765c)Text 2: The passion of St Theodore the Recruit (BHG 1761)Text 3: The life and upbringing of the holy martyr Theodore (BHG 1765)Text 4: The life before the martyrdom and the upbringing and growing-up and the wondrous miracles of the holy and most glorious megalomartyr Theodore (BHG 1764)Text 5: The martyrdom of the holy and glorious megalomartyr of Christ Theodore the general (BHG 1752)Sources, collections of sources and reference worksLiteratureIndex

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Book SynopsisKhalifa ibn Khayyat was born in the southern Iraqi city of Basra in the 770s AD and in his lifetime Iraq grew into a thriving centre of culture and trade and one of the most populous and prosperous regions of the world. He was one of a generation of scholars who gave concrete form to Islamic religion and culture and bequeathed to us the first books that can be said to be distinctively Islamic. Khalifa’s History is the earliest extant work of Muslim historiography and this alone makes it deserving of greater recognition. It carefully records the key events in the life of the Muslim community from the prophet Muhammad to Khalifa’s own day. The section on the Umayyad dynasty (660-750), which occupies about half of the work, is noteworthy because it gives a more positive assessment of the Umayyad caliphs than later narratives. Over time they were increasingly censured for having corrupted the purity of early Islamic society, and yet it was they who had overseen the conquest of cities as far afield as Seville and Samarkand and established Muslim rule over all the lands inbetween. They built the magnificent mosques of Medina and Damascus that still stand today and the palaces that litter the desert margins of modern Jordan and Syria. Khalifa’s History helps us to better evaluate the achievements of this dynasty and also to analyze the beginnings of the discipline of Arabic historical writing in the framework of Islamic civilization. This study and translation was originally submitted by Carl Wurtzel as a doctoral thesis at Yale University in 1977 under the supervision of Franz Rosenthal, one of the greatest Orientalists of modern times. It has now been prepared for publication, with a Foreword and updated bibliography, by Robert Hoyland, professor of Islamic History at Oxford University.Table of Contents Foreword by Robert Hoyland Preface by Carl Wurtzel Abbreviations Introduction 1. Khalifa’s Life 2. Khalifa’s Approach to the Writing of History 3. Khalifa’s Religio-Political Attitudes in the Taʾrῑkh 4. The Sources for the Umayyad Section of Khalifa’s Taʾrikh 5. The Use of Khalifa’s Taʾrῑkh by Later Writers A Note on the Two Printed Editions of the Taʾrῑkh Conventions Translation Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis collaborative collection considers the packaging, presentation and consumption of medieval manuscripts and early printed books in Europe 1350–1550. It showcases innovative research on the history of the book from a range of established and younger scholars from the US and Europe in the fields of English and French Studies, History, Music, and Art History. The collection falls naturally into three sections: • Packaging and Presentation: The physical context of the manuscript and printed book including its binding, visual presentation and internal organization • Consumers: Producers, Owners, and Readers • Consuming the Text: The experience of the audience(s) for books These three strands are interdependent, and highlight the materiality of the manuscript or printed book as a consumable, focusing on its ‘consumability’ in the sense of its packaging and presentation, its consumers, and on the act of consumption in the sense of reading and reception or literal decay.Trade ReviewReviews 'The individual essays are all very well contextualised within their own specific fields, and, significantly, they are aided very substantially by the construction of this volume... This book forms a very valuable contribution to current scholarship in the field of medieval and early modern book production, consumption and reception.'Elisabeth Salter, English Historical Review'This volume highlights the wealth of research output from a number of different fields, as well as the value of interdisciplinary collaboration in producing synergistic outcomes.'Erin Connelly, Nottingham Medieval StudiesTable of Contents Acknowledgements - Emma Cayley and Susan Powell Preface - Derek Pearsall List of Figures Section I: Packaging and Presentation: The Materiality of the Manuscript and Printed Book • Anne Marie Lane: ‘How can we Recognise “Contemporary” Bookbindings of the Fifteenth and early Sixteenth Centuries?’ • Matti Peikola: ‘Guidelines for Consumption: Scribal Ruling Patterns and Designing the mise-en-page in later Medieval England’ • Kate Maxwell: ‘The Order of the Lays in the “Odd” Machaut MS BnF fr. 9221(E)’ • Sonja Drimmer: ‘Picturing the King or Picturing the Saint: Two Miniature Programmes for John Lydgate’s Lives of SS Edmund and Fremund’ • Yvonne Rode: ‘Sixty-three Gallons of Books: Shipping Books to London in the Late Middle Ages’ Section II: Consumers: Producers, Owners, and Readers • Anna Lewis: ‘“But solid food is for the mature, who …have their senses trained to discern good and evil”: John Colop’s Book and the Spiritual Diet of the Discerning Lay Londoner’ • Anne Sutton: ‘The Acquisition and Disposal of Books for Worship and Pleasure by Mercers of London in the Later Middle Ages’ • Martha Driver: ‘“By Me Elysabeth Pykeryng”: Women and Printing in the Early Tudor Period’ • Shayne Husbands: ‘The Roxburghe Club: Consumption, Obsession and the Passion for Print’ Section III - Consuming the Text: Writing Consumption • Carrie Griffin: ‘Reconsidering the Recipe: Materiality, Narrative and Text in Later Medieval Instructional MSS and Collections’ • Anamaria Gellert: ‘Fools, “Folye” and Caxton’s Woodcut of the Pilgrims at Table’ • John B. Friedman: ‘Anxieties at Table: Food and Drink in Chaucer’s Fabliaux Tales and Heinrich Wittenwiler’s Der Ring’ • Mary Morse: ‘Alongside St. Margaret: The Childbirth Cult of SS Quiricus and Julitta in Late Medieval English Manuscripts’ • Emma Cayley: ‘Consuming the Text: Pulephilia in Fifteenth-Century French Debate Poetry’ Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe book outlines how class is single most important factor in understanding the British army in the period of industrialisation. It challenges the 'ruffians officered by gentlemen' theory of most military histories and demonstrates how service in the ranks was not confined to ‘the scum of the earth’ but included a cross section of ‘respectable’ working class men.Common soldiers represent a huge unstudied occupational group. They worked as artisans, servants and dealers, displaying pre-enlistment working class attitudes and evidencing low level class conflict in numerous ways. Soldiers continued as members of the working class after discharge, with military service forming one phase of their careers and overall life experience. After training, most common soldiers had time on their hands and were allowed to work at a wide variety of jobs, analysed here for the first time. Many serving soldiers continued to work as regimental tradesmen, or skilled artificers. Others worked as officers’ servants or were allowed to run small businesses, providing goods and services to their comrades. Some, especially the Non Commissioned Officers who actually ran the army, forged extraordinary careers which surpassed any opportunities in civilian life. All the soldiers studied retained much of their working class way of life. This was evidenced in a contract culture similar to that of the civilian trade unions. Within disciplined boundaries, army life resulted in all sorts of low level class conflict. The book explores these by covering drinking, desertion, feigned illness, self harm, strikes and go-slows. It further describes mutinies, back chat, looting, fraternisation, foreign service, suicide and even the shooting of unpopular officers.Trade ReviewReviews 'Overall, Mansfield shows himself to be the master of summary and synthesis and Soldiers as Workers achieves its goal of defining a 'labour history of soldiers' (210). Many of the subsections on military tradesmen and class conflict could be extended into article-length investigations. This work therefore provides an invaluable introduction for labour historians interested in researching the military.' Joe Cozens, Labour History Review'Mansfield has brought individuality and complexity to a topic that used to be treated fairly homogeneously. It adds to a wave of historiography that has refused to accept characterizations, initially perpetuated by commanders, of rankers as infantile drifters and wastrels in need of constant discipline..... Rather than seeing mechanical automatons in blind fear of the lash, Nick Mansfield recognizes the men beneath the uniform and their complex histories and motivations. This book paves the way for an integrated history of the British poor that stresses the connections between the manufacturing trades and soldiering. Historians have separated these groups far too often.' Jennine Hurl-Eamon, Canadian Journal of History'Soldiers as Workers addresses a lacuna in labour history, and one hopes that Mansfield will pursue these questions more fully in future work' Lynn MacKay, Labour/ Le Te Travail'Mansfield has written a very informative and engaging book from many perspectives and this will be a useful resource for labour and military historians hereon in.' Alan Southern, North West Labour HistoryTable of ContentsAbbreviationsNotesList of illustrationsPrefaceChapter 1 IntroductionChapter 2 Class structure and the British armyChapter 3 Soldiers as workersChapter 4 Class conflict in the armyChapter 5 ConclusionBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisHagiographical writing, including the Lives of saints and martyrs and collections of their miracles, were one of the most popular, perhaps the most popular form of literature accessible to ordinary people in the medieval world. St. Theodore ‘the Recruit’ was one of the best-known of the so-called ‘military saints’ or ‘soldier saints’, particularly in the medieval eastern Roman, or Byzantine, and the eastern Christian world, where churches dedicated to him were to be found in towns, cities and in the countryside. While the cult of St. Theodore has been studied in the context of hagiographical writing and from the perspective of his representation in medieval art, this is the first translation into a modern language of any of the Greek texts connected with St Theodore. Ranging in date from the fifth to the eleventh century CE, five accounts of the martyrdom of the saint together with two sets of miracles have been selected, texts that testify to the growth and to the evolution of the martyrdoms and miracle collections associated with him. St Theodore ‘the Recruit’ had a senior partner, St Theodore ‘the General’ who first appears in the ninth century and reflects the tastes and demands of middle Byzantine élite society.With a detailed introduction that examines the structure of the texts and their historical development, this volume also situates them in the context of recent archaeological work at Roman Euchaïta, the centre of the cult in Anatolia.Table of ContentsForewordAcknowledgementsIllustrationsChapter 1: IntroductionSt Theodore ‘the Recruit’St Theodore ‘the General’St Theodore ‘the Recruit’ and EuchaïtaChapter 2: The textsContext: martyrdoms and miraclesThe martyrdom accounts: date and development The miracle collectionsChapter 3: TranslationsText 1: Encomium of Chrysippos, priest of Jerusalem, on the holy martyr Theodore, together with a partial account of his miracles (BHG 1765c)Text 2: The passion of St Theodore the Recruit (BHG 1761)Text 3: The life and upbringing of the holy martyr Theodore (BHG 1765)Text 4: The life before the martyrdom and the upbringing and growing-up and the wondrous miracles of the holy and most glorious megalomartyr Theodore (BHG 1764)Text 5: The martyrdom of the holy and glorious megalomartyr of Christ Theodore the general (BHG 1752)Sources, collections of sources and reference worksLiteratureIndex

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Book SynopsisAn Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library.The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, the first national movement of the American working class, began in Philadelphia in 1869. Millions of Americans, white and black, men and women, became Knights between that date and 1917. But the Knights also spread beyond the borders of the United States and even beyond North America. Knights Across the Atlantic tells for the first time the full story of the Knights of Labor in Britain and Ireland, where they operated between 1883 and the end of the century. British and Irish Knights drew on the resources of their vast Order to establish a chain of branches through England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland that numbered more than 10,000 members at its peak. They drew on the fraternal ritual, industrial tactics, organisational models, and political concerns of their American Order and interpreted them in British and Irish conditions. They faced many of the same enemies, including hostile employers and rival trade unions. Unlike their American counterparts they organised only a handful of women at most. But British and Irish Knights left a profound imprint on subsequent British labour history. They helped inspire the British “New Unionists” of the 1890s. They influenced the movement for working-class politics, independent of Liberals and Conservatives alike, that soon led to the British Labour Party. Knights Across the Atlantic brings all these themes together. It provides new insights into relationships between class and gender, and places the Knights of Labor squarely at the heart of British and Irish as well as American history at the end of the nineteenth century.Trade ReviewReviews 'Well-researched and well-argued, the author extends our understanding of the U.S.-based Knights of Labor to an international arena, while all the time offering a judicious, original interpretation of comparative labor and political development.' Leon Fink, University of Illinois'This is a further offering in Neville Kirk's excellent 'Studies in Labour History' series. In this book comparisons of American and British trade unions are made and the issue of American exceptionalism is addressed in a refreshing and engaging way. [...] In his well-researched book Steven Parfitt has extended our knowledge of the Knights of Labor and given us valuable information about an important transnational development of which very little has been written.'Pat Kelly, Scottish Labour HistoryTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsIntroduction: The World of the Knights of Labor1 Origins2 The Rise of a Transnational Movement3 Organisation, Culture and Gender4 The Knights in Industry5 The Knights and Politics6 The Knights and the Unions7 The Fall of a Transnational MovementConclusion: The Knights of Labor in Britain and IrelandAppendix: List of Known Assemblies of the Knights of Labor in England, Scotland, Wales and IrelandBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThis prose translation of twenty-four lays from the French Middle Ages brings to the general reader as well as to scholars a complement to the twelve well-known lays by Marie de France, the possible creator of the genre. These lays are mostly anonymous, and the majority, but by no means all of them, are, like Marie’s lays, centred on a love interest of some kind in a variety of settings. But, unlike Marie’s lays, their treatment varies from the courtly and sophisticated to the comic or the tragic, thereby illustrating the range of poems covered by the term lai in twelfth- and thirteenth-century France. A significant number of these lays, based in the courtly world, contain supernatural elements or magic objects that are fundamental to the story as it is related, and sometimes the heroes leave the real world to dwell forever in an otherworldly domain. Other lays have a more mundane feel to them and seem closer to the fabliau in tone. In one instance, the lay of Haveloc, the tale owes more to legendary history than to pure fantasy. Overall, this collection stakes a claim to make an important contribution to the Medieval French lay within the wider European tradition of the short story and the literature of love.Trade ReviewReviews 'With this volume, and the projects which have preceded it, Burgess and Brook are to be congratulated for their work in ensuring greater prominence for these lays, and in widening resources for use in comparative and interdisciplinary scholarship.'Alison Williams, Modern Language Review'This volume is suitable for use in the classroom as well as for enjoyment by the general reader.'The Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature'[Twenty-Four Lays from the French Middle Ages] will no doubt result in new perspectives for any English speaking researcher interested in medieval literature... We can only applaud the work done to give more visibility and accessibility to texts that actually deserve more attention, both from specialists than a wider audience.'Virgile Reiter, Cahiers de civilisation médiévale Translated from French, '[Twenty-Four Lays from the French Middle Ages] qui entraînera sans doute de nouvelles perspectives pour tout chercheur anglophone s’intéressant à la littérature médiévale... Nous ne pouvons effectivement qu’applaudir le travail fourni pour donner plus de visibilité et d’accessibilité à des textes qui méritent effectivement plus d’attention, aussi bien de la part des spécialistes que d’un public plus large.'Table of ContentsGeneral IntroductionManuscriptsMagic and Mystery1. Melion2. Tyolet3. Graelent4. Guingamor5. Desiré6. Doon7. Espine8. Tydorel9. TrotFun and Games10. Mantel11. Cor12. Aristote13. Lecheor14. Ignaure15. Oiselet16. Espervier17. NabaretPassion and Tears18. Piramus and Thisbe19. Narcisus and DanéRomance and Realism20. The Chastelaine de Vergi21. The Lai de l’Ombre22. Amours23. ConseilThe Lay as History24. HavelocBibliographyIndex of Proper Names

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Book SynopsisThis prose translation of twenty-four lays from the French Middle Ages brings to the general reader as well as to scholars a complement to the twelve well-known lays by Marie de France, the possible creator of the genre. These lays are mostly anonymous, and the majority, but by no means all of them, are, like Marie’s lays, centred on a love interest of some kind in a variety of settings. But, unlike Marie’s lays, their treatment varies from the courtly and sophisticated to the comic or the tragic, thereby illustrating the range of poems covered by the term lai in twelfth- and thirteenth-century France. A significant number of these lays, based in the courtly world, contain supernatural elements or magic objects that are fundamental to the story as it is related, and sometimes the heroes leave the real world to dwell forever in an otherworldly domain. Other lays have a more mundane feel to them and seem closer to the fabliau in tone. In one instance, the lay of Haveloc, the tale owes more to legendary history than to pure fantasy. Overall, this collection stakes a claim to make an important contribution to the Medieval French lay within the wider European tradition of the short story and the literature of love.Trade ReviewReviews 'With this volume, and the projects which have preceded it, Burgess and Brook are to be congratulated for their work in ensuring greater prominence for these lays, and in widening resources for use in comparative and interdisciplinary scholarship.'Alison Williams, Modern Language Review'This volume is suitable for use in the classroom as well as for enjoyment by the general reader.'The Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature'[Twenty-Four Lays from the French Middle Ages] will no doubt result in new perspectives for any English speaking researcher interested in medieval literature... We can only applaud the work done to give more visibility and accessibility to texts that actually deserve more attention, both from specialists than a wider audience.'Virgile Reiter, Cahiers de civilisation médiévale Translated from French, '[Twenty-Four Lays from the French Middle Ages] qui entraînera sans doute de nouvelles perspectives pour tout chercheur anglophone s’intéressant à la littérature médiévale... Nous ne pouvons effectivement qu’applaudir le travail fourni pour donner plus de visibilité et d’accessibilité à des textes qui méritent effectivement plus d’attention, aussi bien de la part des spécialistes que d’un public plus large.'Table of ContentsGeneral IntroductionManuscriptsMagic and Mystery1. Melion2. Tyolet3. Graelent4. Guingamor5. Desiré6. Doon7. Espine8. Tydorel9. TrotFun and Games10. Mantel11. Cor12. Aristote13. Lecheor14. Ignaure15. Oiselet16. Espervier17. NabaretPassion and Tears18. Piramus and Thisbe19. Narcisus and DanéRomance and Realism20. The Chastelaine de Vergi21. The Lai de l’Ombre22. Amours23. ConseilThe Lay as History24. HavelocBibliographyIndex of Proper Names

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Book SynopsisDynastic marriages mattered in early modern Europe: the creation of alliances and the outbreak of wars were tied to continental dynastic politics. Dynastic marriages mattered in early modern Europe. The creation of alliances and the outbreak of wars were tied to continental dynastic politics. This book combines cultural definitions of politics with a wider exploration of institutional, military, diplomatic and economic concerns with a view to providing a more comprehensive understanding of dynastic marriage negotiations. It covers a period from the signing of the Treaty of London in 1604 until afterthe Anglo-French and Anglo-Spanish peace treaties (1629-30). Stuart Marriage Diplomacy explores how the search for a bride for Princes Henry and Charles started a long process of protracted consultations between the key players of Europe: Spain, Italy, France, Rome, Brussels and the United Provinces. It shows the interconnections between these courts, thus advancing a 'continental turn' in the analysis of Stuart politics in the early seventeenth century, and considers how reason of state was often considered as more crucial than religion or economic concerns in the outcome of the Stuart-Habsburg and Stuart-Bourbon marriage negotiations. It also reveals the extent to which the interactions between Europe and non-European actors in both the Atlantic and the East contributed to a redefinition of European identity. It will engage not only scholars and students of early modern Europe but, more generally,those interested in the history of European courts and royalty. VALENTINA CALDARI is Departmental Lecturer in Early Modern History at Balliol College, University of Oxford. SARA J. WOLFSON is Senior Lecturer in Early Modern History at Canterbury Christ Church University. CONTRIBUTORS: Paul Arblaster, Valentina Caldari, David Coast, Thomas Cogswell, Robert Cross, Andrea De Meo, Kelsey Flynn, Rubén González Cuerva, Melinda J. Gough, Helmer Helmers, José Eloy Hortal Muñoz, Adam Marks, Steve Murdoch, Michael Questier, Manuel Rivero, Porfirio Sanz Camañes, Edmond Smith, R. Malcolm Smuts, Peter H. Wilson, Sara J. WolfsonTrade Review[T]here is an impressive range of expertise on display within this volume. This book will be of interest to both students and scholars of early Stuart Britain and early modern Europe more generally. * RENAISSANCE QUARTERLY *This is a fine collection of scholarly and well-written essays. * JOURNAL OF BRITISH STUDIES *It combines many different approaches from international scholarship and succeeds in its ambition to fill some obvious gaps in the literature. * ROYAL STUDIES JOURNAL *Table of ContentsIntroduction - Valentina Caldari and Michael Questier and Sara J. Wolfson The French Match and Court Politics - R Malcolm Smuts What Can Be Fuller of Wonder? Buckingham and the Revenge of the Hispanophiles in 1626 - Thomas Cogswell Practical Proselytizing: The Impact of Counter-Reformation Catholicism at the Caroline Court, 1625-26 - Sara J. Wolfson 'The onely soveraigne medecine': Religious Politics and Political Culture in the British-Spanish Match, 1596-1625 - Robert Cross James I and the Dissolution of the 1621 Parliament through Spanish Eyes - Valentina Caldari War, Diplomacy and Stability in the North of Europe in the Early Seventeenth Century - Porfirio Sanz Camañes The Atlantic Politics of Early Stuart Diplomacy - Kelsey Flynn Mercantile Diplomacy: Corporations, States and International Negotiation - Edmond Smith The Stuart, the Palatinate, and the Thirty Years' War - Peter H. Wilson Marital Problems? Stuart Alliances, Scottish Politics and the Protestant North 1603-41 - Steve Murdoch Recognizing Friends from Foes: Stuart Politics, English Military Networks and their Alliances with Denmark and the Palatinate - Adam Marks Secrecy, Counsel and Public Opinion during the Spanish and French Matches - David Coast The Spanish Match and Anglo-Dutch Publicity - Helmer Helmers Whereof the world now stands in admiration: Reporting on the Spanish Match from the Habsburg Netherlands - Paul Arblaster A Peace in Context: Spanish Change in Italian Affairs - Manuel Rivero Rodriguez The Court of Brussels: From Hostility to 'good vicinity' (1585-1604) - José Eloy Hortal Muñoz The Austrian Match: The Dynastic Alternative of the Habsburgs and European Politics - Rubén González Cuerva Dynastic Marriage, Diplomatic Ceremonial, and the Treaties of London (1604-05) and Antwerp (1609) - Melinda J. Gough Spanish Architecture in Early Stuart London: Foreign Policy and Architectural Style in Inigo Jones's Queen's Chapel at St. James's - Andrea De Meo Arbore Bibliography

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Book SynopsisA multi-disciplinary approach to two of the most important legal institutions of the Middle Ages. The wars waged by the English in France during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries led to the need for judicial agencies which could deal with disputes that arose on land and sea, beyond the reach of indigenous laws. This led to the jurisdictional development of the Courts of Chivalry and Admiralty, presiding over respectively heraldic and maritime disputes. They were thus of considerable importance in the Middle Ages; but they have attracted comparatively little scholarly attention. The essays here examine their officers, proceedings and the wider cultural and political context in which they had jurisdiction and operated in later medieval Western Europe. They reveal similarities in personnel, institutions and outlook, as well as in the issues confronting rulers in territories across Europe. They also demonstrate how assertions of sovereignty and challenges to judicial competence were inextricably linked to complex political agendas; and that both military and maritime law were international in reach because they were underpinned by trans-national customs and the principles and procedures of Continental civil law. Combininglaw with military and maritime history, and discussing the art and material culture of chivalric disputes as well as their associated heraldry, the volume provides fresh new insights into an important area of medieval life and culture. ANTHONY MUSSON is Head of Research at Historic Royal Palaces; NIGEL RAMSAY is Honorary Senior Research Associate in the Department of History at University College London. Contributors: Andrew Ayton, Richard Barber, John Ford, Laurent Hablot, Thomas K. Heebøll-Holm, Julian Luxford, Ralph Moffat, Philip Morgan, Bertrand Schnerb, Anne F. Sutton, Lorenzo Tanzini.Trade ReviewA worthwhile volume with some excellent papers. Even scholars working in the area will find something new and for others it is a good starting point. * JOURNAL OF BRITISH STUDIES *The strength of this collection lies in the variety of subjects discussed, and the different approaches adopted. * THE RICARDIAN *Table of ContentsIntroduction - Anthony Musson and Nigel Ramsay Heralds and the Court of Chivalry: From Collective Memory to Formal Institutions - Richard Barber French Armorial Disputes and Controls - Laurent Hablot Art, Objects and Ideas in the Records of the Medieval Court of Chivalry - Julian Luxford Sir Robert Grosvenor and the Scrope-Grosvenor Controversy - Philip Morgan From Brittany to the Black Sea: Nicholas Sabraham and English Military Experience in the Fourteenth Century - Andrew Ayton 'Armed and redy to come to the felde': Arming for the Judicial Duel in Fifteenth-Century England - Ralph Moffat The Jurisdiction of the Constable and Marshals of France in the Later Middle Ages - Bertrand Schnerb The Origins and Jurisdiction of the English Court of Admiralty in the Fourteenth Century - Thomas K. Heebøll-Holm The Consulate of the Sea and its Fortunes in Late Medieval Mediterranean Countries - Lorenzo Tanzini The Admiralty and Constableship of England in the Later Fifteenth Century. The Operation and Development of these Offices, 1462-85, Under Richard, Duke of Gloucester and King of England - Anne F. Sutton Some Dubious Beliefs about Medieval Prize Law - John D Ford

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Book SynopsisBertrand du Guesclin was one of the main architects of the recovery of France. From humble beginnings he rose to become one of the great heroic figures of French history. This is the first English translation of Cuvelier's epic poem about him. Bertrand du Guesclin is one of the great French heroes of the Hundred Years War, his story every bit as remarkable as Joan of Arc's. The son of a minor Breton noble, he rose in the 1360s and '70s to become the Constable of France- a supreme military position, outranking even the princes of the blood royal. Through campaigns ranging from Brittany to Castile he achieved not only fame as a pre-eminent leader of Charles V's armies, but a dukedom in Spain, burial among the kings of France in the royal basilica at Saint-Denis, and recognition as nothing less than the "Tenth Worthy", being ranked alongside the nine paragons of chivalry who included Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Charlemagne and King Arthur. His is a truly spectacular story. And the image of Bertrand, and many of the key events in his extraordinary life, are essentially derived from The Song of Bertrand du Guesclin, this epic poem by Cuvelier. Written in the verse-form and manner of a chanson de geste, it is the very last of the Old French epics and an outstanding example of the roman chevaleresque. It is a fascinating and major primary source forhistorians of chivalry and of a critical period in the Hundred Years War. This is its first translation into English. Cuvelier is a fine storyteller: his depictions of battle and siege are vivid and thrilling, offering invaluable insights into medieval warfare. And he is a compelling propagandist, seeking through his story of Bertrand to restore the prestige of French chivalry after the disastrous defeat at Poitiers and the chaos that followed, andseeking, too, to inspire devotion to the kingdom of France and to the fleur-de-lis. NIGEL BRYANT is well known for his lively and accurate versions of medieval French authors. His translations of Chrétien de Troyes' Perceval and all its continuations and of the extraordinary late Arthurian romance Perceforest have been major achievements; he has also translated Jean le Bel's history of the early stages of the Hundred Years War, and the biography of William Marshal.Trade ReviewBryant is to be congratulated in making this frequently underestimated source accessible to a wide readership. * FRANCIA *Bertrand's story is legendary, and designed to inspire the French to regain their honor after suffering terrible defeats during the Hundred Years' War. Bryant captures Cuvelier's gift for storytelling in this exciting, engaging, and immersive translation. Recommended. * CHOICE *[A] sparkling tale for the modern reader to enjoy . . Bryant has created a fluid text, accompanied by several maps and numerous explanatory footnotes that help the reader understand the story. The translation must have been a huge undertaking, and it will undoubtedly be of use to students and teachers as well as to scholars and laymen as a tool to study medieval historiography, propaganda, and myth-making, or simply as a very enjoyable read. -- Yvonne Vermijn * Speculum *Nigel Bryant has translated several medieval French texts; his latest offering, Cuvelier's c. 1382 Chanson du Bertrand de Guesclin, expands the number of chivalric biographies available in English. The volume's production values are good. -- ParergonTable of ContentsIntroduction The Text Translated Editions and Further Reading The Song of Bertrand du Guesclin Prologue Bertrand's Youth War in Brittany War in Normandy The Battle of Auray The Spanish Adventure Bertrand's Ransom Revenge in Spain Constable of France The Death of Chandos The Cleansing of Poitou Bertrand's Death

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Book SynopsisThe final years of the Cromwellian Protectorate are usually written off as a brief interlude on the inevitable road to Restoration. This book galvanises this forgotten period of Interregnum studies by providing the first thoroughstudy of the Cromwellian 'Other House' - a new upper parliamentary chamber of nominated life peers created in 1657. Despite the execution of Charles I and the establishment of a kingless republic, the period of the English Civil Wars and their aftermath is rarely described as one of constitutional revolution. The notion that the 1650s were politically conservative is exemplified by the tendency of historians to fixate upon the offer of kingship to Oliver Cromwell and his increasingly monarchical appearance. This book rethinks the political history of the 1640s and 1650sby focusing instead upon the upper parliamentary chamber. Besides exploring changing attitudes towards the House of Lords during the Civil Wars, and the circumstances that led to its abolition in 1649, it provides the first thorough study of the Cromwellian "Other House" - a new upper parliamentary chamber of nominated life peers created in 1657. Jonathan Fizgibbons demonstrates how the Other House was much more integral to Cromwell's aims for a lasting post-war settlement than the offer of the Crown. More broadly, this book reconceptualises the political and constitutional history of the 1640s and 1650s by looking beyond outward forms of government and visual culture. It argues that radical shifts in political thought were concealed by apparent continuities in forms of government. Even though the new Cromwellian upper chamber had the familiar appearance of a House of Lords, the very meaning of the House of Lords was contested and transformed by the experience of the Civil Wars and their aftermath. JONATHAN FITZGIBBONS is Lecturer in Early Modern History at the University of Lincoln.Trade ReviewThis book is a lucid work and will certainly become essential reading for historians of the era and of parliaments more generally * THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY *Adds considerably to our knowledge of a difficult and controversial period. * PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY *A substantial, fascinating and in many ways persuasive book, and one that ought to be widely read by historians of seventeenth century parliaments and of the English revolution. * PARLIAMENTS, ESTATES & REPRESENTATION *This is a detailed and thoughtful book, and Fitzgibbons is in command of his subject. . . . Fitzgibbons has produced a meticulous and scholarly study that will be of considerable benefit for future scholars. -- Lloyd Bowen * Journal of British Studies *Table of ContentsIntroduction Parliamentarian Thought and the Abolition of the House of Lords, 1642-49 Oliver Cromwell, the Other House and the Humble Petition and Advice The Membership of the Other House The Other House and the Second Session of the Second Protectorate Parliament Richard Cromwell, the Third Protectorate Parliament and the Other House Debates The Other House, the Army and the Search for a Settlement Conclusion Appendix: The Membership of the Other House Bibliography

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Book SynopsisSheds light on the skills and techniques of the medieval military engineer, over a thousand year sweep. The results of medieval engineering still surround us - cathedrals, castles, stone bridges, irrigation systems. However, the siege artillery, siege towers, temporary bridges, earthwork emplacements and underground mines used for war have left little trace behind them; and there is even less of the engineers themselves: the people behind the military engineering achievements. The evidence for this neglected group is studied here. The author begins byconsidering the evolution of military technology across centuries, and the impact of new technologies in the context of the economic and social developments which made them possible. He looks at how military engineers obtained their skills, and the possible link with scholastic scientific awareness. With the increased survival of government records from the middle ages, engineers acquire names and individuals can be identified. And the fifteenth century -the age of polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci - saw a new type of literate military engineer, part of a recognized profession, but with its roots in a thousand years of historical development. PETER PURTON, D Phil (Oxon), FSA, has written extensively on medieval fortifications and siege warfare; his publications include the comprehensive two-volume history of the medieval siege (Boydell, 2010).Trade Review[An] excellent and ambitious book which fills a gap in the literature. It should be essential reading for all scholars interested in the military and technological history of the Middle Ages. * HISTORY *Purton has written an important book which has identified further trails to blaze. . . . [A] useful introduction on the evolution and development of military engineering and engineers in the postclassical, premodern, world. * SPECULUM *Peter Purton has done an impressive job documenting the multifaceted existence of the ingenarii - those working with military technologies of many types - across Western Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic world (and briefly even further afield) over the course of a millennium. -- Steven A. Walton * Technology and Culture *Table of ContentsPreface Military engineers in the Middle Ages Late Antiquity and the early "middle ages": were the "Dark Ages" really dark? Anonymous but effective: the engineers and technicians of the ninth to eleventh centuries The engineer recognised Engineers in demand: innovation and development in the thirteenth century Old and new technology and its operators in the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries Polymaths and specialists in the fifteenth century Postscript: from medieval to [early] modern in the sixteenth century Appendix: Military engineers and miners in the Pipe Rolls of the English Exchequer Bibliography of primary sources Bibliography of secondary sources

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