History and Archaeology Books

Book SynopsisBased on consilia and decisiones, Wouter Druwé studies the multinormative framework on loans and credit in the Golden Ages of Antwerp and Amsterdam (c. 1500-1680). He analyzes the use of a wide variety of legal financial techniques in the Low Countries, such as money lending and the taking of interest, the constitution of annuities, cession and delegation, bearer bonds, bills of exchange, partnerships, and representation in financial affairs, as well as the consequences of monetary fluctuations. Special attention is paid to how the transregional European system of learned Roman and canon law (ius commune) was applied in daily ‘learned legal practice’. The study also deals with the prohibition against usury and with the impact of moral theology on legal debates.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Introduction  §1Need for Credit in the Golden Age(s) and Its Normative Framework  §2Research Questions  §3Methodological Considerations  §4Structure  1Consilia and Decisiones in the Low Countries  §1Introduction  §2Consilia and Decisiones: A General Framework  AConsilia  BDecisiones  §3Consilia in the Low Countries  AThe first Printed Consilia: Nicolaas Everaerts and Angelus a Sancto Ioanne  BLeuven Law Professors and Their Consultation Practice (ca. 1550 – 1590)  CLearned Legal Practitioners: The Kinschot Family (ca. 1580 – 1650) and Antoon Anselmo  DA Humanist Counsellor: Jean de Deckher de Walhorn (1583–1646)  ELearned Consultations by a Canon Lawyer: Franciscus Zypaeus (1580–1650)  FJacob Coren  GThe Hollandic and Utrecht Consultations: Disordered and Varied Collections  §4Decisiones in the Low Countries  ACollections of Decisiones from the Northern Low Countries  BPrinted Collections of Decisiones from the Southern Low Countries  §5Conclusion  2Simple Money Lending and the Taking of Interest  §1Introduction  §2Money Loans and the Law of Evidence  AProof of Original Payment of the Capital  BProof of Mutual Intention  COther Impediments to a Claim for Restitution: The S.C. Macedonianum  DProof of Repayment of the Money Lent  §3The Taking of Interest  AIntroduction  BContractually Stipulated Interest for the Duration of a (money) Loan  CInterest in Case of Default (mora)  DSome Questions on the Proof of Usury  ESanctions  §4Conclusion  3Sale of Annuities  §1Introduction  §2Constitution of Annuities  §3Enforcement of Annuities: The Issue of Prescription  §4Redemption, Reduction and Forced Restitution of Annuities  ARedeemability and Reductibility by the Seller of the Annuity  BReduction of Annuities Through the Enactment of Tax Legislation  CForced Restitution of the Capital  §5Conclusion  4Transfer of Bonds and Claims  §1Introduction  §2Cession and Assignment  AIntroduction  BProof of a Cession: Transfer and Causa  CAlternative Causae for the Transfer of a Bond  DConsequences of a Cession and Its Revocability  ERecourse Liability  FLegal Remedies by the Ceded Debtor  GIntermediate Conclusion  §3Delegation and Novation  AIntroductory Remarks  BProof of Novation  CRecourse Liability  DLegal Remedies by a Delegated Debtor  EIntermediate Conclusion  §4Bonds to Bearer  AIntroduction  BThe Solution of the Ius Commune  CThe causa of the Transfer  DLegal Remedies by the Debtor Against the Bearer  ERecourse Liability by the Bearer Against the Transferor  FQuestions of Proof  GIntermediate Conclusion  §5Bills of Exchange  AIntroduction  BAcceptance by the Drawee  CLiability of the Drawer  DLiability of the Remitter of a Bill of Exchange  EBills of Exchange and Usury  FDetermination of the Exchange Rate  GIntermediate Conclusion  §6Conclusion  5Partnerships, Representation and Sea Loans  §1Introduction  §2The Law of Partnerships  AFoundation of Partnerships  BLiability of Partners vis-à-vis Third Parties  CRelationship between Partners  DLeonine Clauses and Triple Contracts  ETrade in Shares  §3Representation in Financial Affairs  AIntroductory Remarks  BClaims by Principals and/or Agents  CClaims against the Principal  DA mandate should not Harm the Institor  §4Sea Loans (faenus nauticum)  §5Conclusion  6Monetary Fluctuations and Debts  §1Introduction  §2One-time Payments  AIntroductory Remarks  BCoinage to be Used  CApplicable Rate or Valuation  DIntermediate Conclusion  §3Recurring Payments  AIntroductory Remarks  BRate of Payment: Relevant Location  CRate of Payment: Relevant Time  §4Conclusion  Conclusion  §1Research Questions and the Core Sources  §2The Evolution of the Normative Framework on Loans and Credit: A Summary  §3Transregional Multinormativity  §4Moral Theology  §5North and South: An Age of Estrangement?  §6Consilia and Decisiones  §7Open Questions  Bibliography  Netherlandish Sources of Learned Legal Practice: The Core Material  Other Primary Sources  Customary Law and Ordinances  Legal Historical Literature  Index

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Book SynopsisIn Between Popes, Inquisitors and Princes Jessica Dalton uses extensive, original archival research to provide the first history of a unique and controversial papal privilege that allowed the first Jesuits to absolve heretics in sixteenth-century Italy without involving bishops or inquisitors. Dalton uses the story of this remarkable privilege to reconsider two central aspects of Jesuit history: their role in the Counter-Reformation and their relationship with the papacy. She convincingly argues that, in the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation, the Jesuits were valued collaborators of popes, inquisitors and princes not for their obedience and subservience but rather because they worked with an autonomy and flexibility that allowed them to convert heretics where political barriers and popular hostility hindered inquisitors and prelates.Trade Review“In summary, this book provides some good and original scholarship. […] Dalton is to be congratulated for […] mining numerous archival sources, some not previously used.” Paul F. Grendler, Emeritus, University of Toronto. In: Journal of Jesuit Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3 (2021), pp. 501–503.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Conventions Introduction 1 Historiography: the Story So Far 2 Sources 3 Overview 1 The Confident Society: Mission Building 1540–1555  1 Finding Supporters in Tridentine Italy  2 The Council of Bologna, 1547  3 Beyond Papal Obedience  4 Privileges and Pragmatism in the Mission Field  5 Conclusion 2 Collaboration, Competition and Conflict: the Jesuits and the Roman Inquisition  1 Competitors and Collaborators with the Holy Office  2 Popes, Empires and the Politics of Conversion  3 Good Cop/Bad Cop: Conversion Strategies in the 1560s  4 Conclusion 3 Between the Prince and the Pope: Pius v and the Rise of the Roman Inquisition  1 Pius v and the Rise of the Roman Inquisition  2 A Jesuit Spy in the Papal States  3 ‘A Firm Garrison to Resist Heresy’ in Savoy-Piedmont  4 Conclusion 4 Bargaining for Autonomy: Challenges and Change at the Close of the Sixteenth Century  1 Internal Conflicts and External Controversies  2 Troubles Abroad: Controversies in France and Spain  3 Defending the Privilege in the Late 1580s  4 Conclusion 5 All Roads Lead to Rome: Jesuit Agents and Rebels at the Close of the Sixteenth Century (1587–1605)  1 The Politics of Conversion at the Turn of the Seventeenth Century  2 Jesuit Disobedience  3 Conclusion Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisOn the five-hundredth anniversary of the 1519 debate between Martin Luther and John Eck at Leipzig, Luther at Leipzig offers an extensive treatment of this pivotal Reformation event in its historical and theological context. The Leipzig Debate not only revealed growing differences between Luther and his opponents, but also resulted in further splintering among the Reformation parties, which continues to the present day. The essays in this volume provide an essential background to the complex theological, political, ecclesiastical, and intellectual issues precipitating the debate. They also sketch out the relevance of the Leipzig Debate for the course of the Reformation, the interpretation and development of Luther, and the ongoing divisions between Protestantism and Roman Catholicism.Trade Review“This volume demonstrates that Leipzig paved the way for many of the ecclesiastical debates that would rage throughout the sixteenth century.” David C. Quackenbos, Duke Divinity School. In: Church History, Vol. 89, No. 3 (September 2020), pp. 684–685.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Abbreviations Timeline: the Leipzig Debate Contributors Editors’ Introduction part 1: Leipzig, 1519: the Leipzig Debate in Its Historical Context 1 The Leipzig Debate: a Reformation Turning Point  Volker Leppin and Mickey L. Mattox 2 Defending Wittenberg: Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt and the Pre-History of the Leipzig Debate  Alyssa Lehr Evans 3 Wittenberg’s Disputation Culture and the Leipzig Debate between Luther and Eck  Henning Bühmann 4 The Papacy’s Aversion to Councils in the Time of Leo X: Leipzig in the Context of Conciliarism  Thomas M. Izbicki 5 The Leipzig Disputation: Masters of the Sacred Page and the Authority of Scripture  Ian Christopher Levy 6 Frigidissima Decreta: Canon Law, Ecclesiology, and Luther’s Proposition 13  Richard J. Serina, Jr. part 2: After Leipzig: the Implications of the Leipzig Debate 7 Philip Melanchthon and the Earliest Report on the Leipzig Debates  Timothy J. Wengert 8 Papalism at Stake in the Leipzig Debate  Bernward Schmidt 9 A Genealogy of Dissent: Luther, Hus, and Leipzig  Phillip Haberkern 10 Councils after Leipzig: Luther’s Interpretation of Nicaea from the Leipzig Disputation to On the Councils and the Church (1539)  Paul Robinson 11 Luther’s Later Ecclesiology and the Leipzig Debate  Jonathan Mumme 12 The Catholic Reception of the Leipzig Disputation  Michael Root Appendix: The Disputation between John Eck and Martin Luther (1519)   A Select Translation  Carl D. Roth and Richard J. Serina, Jr. Index

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Book SynopsisIn Between Tradition and Innovation, Ad Meskens traces the profound influence of a group of Flemish Jesuits on the course of mathematics in the seventeenth century. Using manuscript evidence, this book argues that one of the Flemish mathematics school’s professors, Gregorio a San Vicente (1584–1667), had developed a logically sound integration method more than a decade before the Italian mathematician Bonaventura Cavalieri. Although San Vincente’s superiors refused to grant him permission to publish his results, his methods went on to influence numerous other mathematicians through his students, many of whom became famous mathematicians in their own right. By carefully tracing their careers and outlining their biographies, Meskens convincingly shows that they made a number of ground-breaking contributions to fields ranging from mathematics and mechanics to optics and architecture.Table of ContentsPreface Abbreviations Introduction: The Low Countries, Spain, and Europe  1 The Jesuits in the Netherlands 1 The College and Its School of Mathematics  1 Schools in Antwerp  2 Jesuit Educational Policy  3 Mathematics in the Jesuit Curriculum  4 The Academy of Mathematics at the Collegio Romano  5 The College of Leuven  6 The Antwerp College in the Sixteenth Century  7 The Antwerp College in the Seventeenth Century  8 The School of Mathematics  9 Michiel Coignet and the Jesuits 2 The Seventeenth Century: The Dawn of a New Era  1 Conic Sections  2 Squaring the Circle the Archimedean Way  3 The Humble Beginnings of Infinitesimal Calculus  4 Infinitesimals: The Keplerian Revolution  5 Cavalieri’s Indivisibles  6 The Jesuits and Indivisibles 3 Francisco de Aguilón and Mathematical Optics  1 Opticorum libri sex  2 Aguilón’s Catoptrica Manuscript 4 Gregorio a San Vicente: An Ignored Genius  1 A Tragic Life  2 Mathematical Oeuvre  3 The Mechanics Theses 5 The Creative Antwerp–Leuven Period  1 Trisection of an Angle  2 Mean Proportionals  3 Properties of Conic Sections 6 Exhaustion: The Road to Infinitesimals  1 Sequences and Series  2 The Exhaustion Method  3 San Vicente’s Use of Infinitesimals  4 The Cavalieri Dispute 7 Infinitesimal Calculus at Work  1 The Hyperbola  2 Calculation of the Volume of Ductus Figures  3 Lateral Area of the Ungula cylindrica and Relations between Ductus Figures 8 Rome and Prague, the Final Discoveries  1 The Missives to Rome  2 The Chartae Romanae  3 San Vicente’s Legacy  4 Conclusion 9 The Erroneous Circle Quadrature 10 Joannes della Faille and the Beginning of Projective Geometry  1 An Itinerant Life  2 Conic Sections  3 De centro gravitatis 11 The Antwerp Students  1 Philip Nuyts  2 Ignatius Derkennis  3 Other Students 12 The Leuven Students  1 Theodorus Moretus  2 Jan Ciermans  3 Willem Boelmans  4 Willem Hesius  5 Other Students 13 The Later Disciples  1 Andreas Tacquet  2 Gilles-François de Gottignies  3 Alphonse Antonius de Sarasa 14 The Jesuit Architects  1 Ad maiorem Dei gloria  2 Descensus ad inferos 15 The Influence of the School of Mathematics Appendix 1: Chronology of San Vicente’s Manuscripts Appendix 2: Students of the School of Mathematics after 1625 Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Transformations of Tragedy: Christian Influences from Early Modern to Modern explores the influence of Christian theology and culture upon the development of post-classical Western tragedy. The volume is divided into three parts: early modern, modern, and contemporary. This series of essays by established and emergent scholars offers a sustained study of Christianity’s creative influence upon experimental forms of Western tragic drama. Both early modern and modern tragedy emerged within periods of remarkable upheaval in Church history, yet Christianity’s diverse influence upon tragedy has too often been either ignored or denounced by major tragic theorists. This book contends instead that the history of tragedy cannot be sufficiently theorised without fully registering the impact of Christianity in transition towards modernity.Trade Review"Through rich, powerfully argued case studies this collection provides proof positive of the radically informing relationship between Christianity and understandings of the tragic experience in the sixteenth century and the modern era. The essays take a variety of approaches from the historical materialist to the philosophical and theological, but the twin images of humanity at bay, self-alienated, subject to savage violence; and humanity struggling to understand and represent its collective suffering, victimhood, and capacity for transcendence punctuate the volume, giving it a satisfying, challenging coherence." - Greg Walker, Regius Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature, University of Edinburgh

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Book SynopsisIn The Complexity of Hispanic Religious Life in the 16th–18th Centuries, Doris Moreno has assembled a team of leading scholars to discuss and analyze the diversity of Hispanic religious and cultural life in the Early Modern Age. Using primary sources to look beyond the Spanish Black Legend and present new perspectives, this book explores the realities of a changing and plural Catholicism through the lens of crucial topics such as the Society of Jesus, the Inquisition, the Martyrdom, the feminine visions and conversion medicine. This volume will be an essential resource to all those with an interest in the knowledge of multiple expressions of tolerance and cultural dialectic between Spain and the Americas.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations List of Abbreviations Notes on Contributors First Version and Edition of These Works Introduction  Doris Moreno and Ricardo García Cárcel 1 The Jesuits, the Inquisition and the Spiritual Frontier of 1559 in Spain  Doris Moreno 2 Martyrdom and Mission in the Early-Modern Iberian World  José Luis Betrán 3 Tolerance and Intolerance in the Ecclesiastical Discourse on the Feminine Visions  Rosa María Alabrús Iglesias 4 The Other Forms of Tolerance in Early Modern Spain  Ricardo García Cárcel 5 Inquisitorial Memory and Everyday Life in the Hispanic World  Manuel Peña Díaz 6 The Convent as a Space for Novohispanic Medical Culture  José Pardo-Tomás 7 Transfer of Knowledges: Written Culture and Books in the Hispanic Atlantic World  Pedro Rueda Ramírez 8 Against the Black Legend: The Justification of the Conquest of America in the Origins of Spanish Conservative Thought  Bernat Hernández Index of Places Index of Names Index of Subject Matter

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Book SynopsisImages of Miraculous Healing in the Early Modern Netherlands explores the ways in which paintings and prints of biblical miracles shaped viewers’ approaches to physical and sensory impairments and bolstered their belief in supernatural healing and charitable behavior. Drawing upon a vast range of sources, Barbara Kaminska demonstrates that visual imagery held a central place in premodern disability discourses, and that the exegesis of New Testament miracle stories determined key attitudes toward the sick and the poor. Addressed to middle-class collectors, many of the images analyzed in this study have hitherto been neglected by art historians. Link to book presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79jHEmTOKnUTrade Review“Drawing from an impressive range of visual and textual sources, Kaminska’s book provides a stimulating examination of Christ’s healing miracles together with early modern Netherlandish attitudes about infirmity and charity.” Jeffrey Chipps Smith, University of Texas at Austin. In: Journal of Jesuit Studies, Vol. 9, No. 3 (2022), pp. 472–475.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Illustrations 1 Introduction: Understanding Miracles, Compassion, and Disability  1.1 Chapter Overview and Organization of the Material  1.2 Early Modern Disability and Terms Used in This Book  1.3 Biblical Healing Miracles and the Understanding of Charity before the Renaissance 2 Christus Medicus and Beyond: The Thaumaturgic Power of Christ and Medical Metaphors in the Premodern Netherlands  2.1 Christus Medicus and Its Origins: An Overview of the Topos  2.2 Christ the Physician and Bodily Health in Hendrick Goltzius’s Miracula Christi  2.3 Regulating the Medical Profession in the Netherlands: Goltzius, Guilds, and the Question of Status  2.4 Physician as Christ or Charlatan? Quacksalvers in Pamphlets, Theatrical Plays, and Visual Arts  2.5 Christ the Physician – Healer of the Netherlands 3 “I was sick and you visited me”: Medical Assistance and the Seven Works of Mercy  3.1 Visiting the Sick as a Spiritual and Corporal Work of Mercy  3.2 Visiting the Sick and the Iconography of the Seven Works of Mercy in the Seventeenth Century  3.3 Charity in Late-Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Sermons  3.4 Display of Images of the Seven Works of Mercy and Decoration of Netherlandish Gasthuizen 4 Healing the Blind: Images of Visual Impairment in the Early Modern Low Countries  4.1 Blindness in the Early Modern Netherlands  4.2 “Thy faith hath made thee whole”: Touch and Word in Healing Miracles  4.3 “That the works of God should be made manifest in him”: Agency in the Images of Healing the Blind  4.4 Landscape, Guides, and Dogs: Iconographic Staffage of Healing Miracles 5 Healing the Lame: Biblical Miracles and Mobility Impairment in the Early Modern Netherlands  5.1 Bethesda, Healing Waters, and the Cessation of Miracles in Early Modern Europe  5.2 Droochsloot’s Sources and Anti-Beggar Sentiments in the Netherlands  5.3 “Sir, I have no man”: Healing of the Paralytic as a Model of Mercy  5.4 Authority and Mercy in the Healings in the Acts of the Apostles 6 Healing the Multitudes: Miraculous Healing beyond Visual and Motor Impairments  6.1 The Healing of the Deaf: Hearing as an Instrument of Faith  6.2 Invisible Miracles and Healing beyond the Jewish Community  6.3 Healing the Lepers and Leprosy in the Premodern Netherlands Epilogue, or Who Is Worthy of Healing and Why It Matters Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe forty-one years between the Society of Jesus’s papal suppression in 1773 and its eventual restoration in 1814 remain controversial, with new research and interpretations continually appearing. Shore’s narrative approaches these years, and the period preceding the suppression, from a new perspective that covers individuals not usually discussed in works dealing with this topic. As well as examining the contributions of former Jesuits to fields as diverse as ethnology—a term and concept pioneered by an ex-Jesuit—and library science, where Jesuits and ex-Jesuits laid the groundwork for the great advances of the nineteenth century, the essay also explores the period the exiled Society spent in the Russian Empire. It concludes with a discussion of the Society’s restoration in the broader context of world history.

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Book SynopsisIn Rome, where strategies to re-establish Roman Catholic orthodoxy were formulated, the problem of how to deal with foreigners and particularly with ‘heretics’ coming from Northern Europe was an important priority throughout the early modern period. Converting foreigners had a special significance for the Papacy. This volume, which includes several case studies, explores the meaning of conversion and the changes of policy adopted by the church bodies set up to protect orthodoxy. It uses inquisitorial documents (from Archivio della Congregazione per la dottrina della Fede) and sources from other archives and libraries, both in Rome and elsewhere. This book is an updated and revised translation of Convertire lo straniero (Viella, 2011), including a bibliography reflecting the most recent scholarship on its subject.Table of ContentsContents Introduction. Winds of the North 1 Rome, a Patria Comune?  1 Rules and Procedures: Defining the Foreigner  2 Religious Identity  3 Protection, Integration, Exclusion: National Confraternities, Hospices and Colleges  4 Conversions and Reconquests: The Venerable English College in the Late Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 2 Not Only Pilgrims: Reception and Conversion  1 Conversion and the Holy Years  2 Abjuring Heresy and Creating a New Identity  3 Clement VIII’s “Womb of Paternal Compassion”  4 Rome, a Den of Spies 3 Cristoforo Gaspare Fischer: a Goldsmith, his Inheritance and the Inquisition  1 Cristoforo “Piscator aurifex in Urbe”  2 Between Nuremberg and Rome  3 Lengthy Negotiations and Powerful Intermediaries 4 Johannes Faber, “One of Italy’s Seven Sages”  1 Johannes Faber’s Roman Career  2 “Acquiring the Souls of Others”  3 Friends and Compatriots  4 Echoes of War  5 A Dubious Reputation 5 Guillaume Reboul: a Troublesome Convert  1 A Restless Pamphleteer  2 Rivalry and “loathing”  3 Between Paris and Rome 6 Unsettling Mobility: Foreign Heretics in Italy  1 The Inquisitor’s Doubts  2 Merchants in the Duchies of Mantua and Savoy  3 At the Border of the Papal States  4 From Leghorn to Florence by Way of Siena  5 Naples: a Port City 7 Between Intransigence and Tolerance  1 Alexander VII: New Conversion Politics  2 Difficult Control  3 A Cultural Conversion Project  4 The Heretic’s Language 8 Petitions, Enclosures, Burials  1 Petitions and Intermediaries  2 Enclosing: the Ospizio Apostolico dei Convertendi  3 Burials  4 Onward to the Eighteenth Century  5 Exiled Princes, Traveling Princes Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisWhat does a Dutchman have to do with the rise of the Chinese Communist Party? Finding Allies and Making Revolution by Tony Saich reveals how Henk Sneevliet (alias Maring), arriving as Lenin’s choice for China work, provided the communists with two of their most enduring legacies: the idea of a Leninist party and the tactic of the united front. Sneevliet strived to instill discipline and structure for the left-leaning intellectuals searching for a solution to China’s humiliation. He was not an easy man and clashed with the Chinese comrades and his masters in Moscow. This new analysis is based on Sneevliet’s diaries and reports, together with contemporary materials from key Chinese figures, and important documents held in the Comintern’s China archive.Table of ContentsPreface and a Note on Sources Acknowledgements Transcription Pseudonyms of Sneevliet while in China Abbreviations 1 Introduction 2 Searching for Allies: Soviet Interests in China  1 Early Soviet Activities in China  2 The Comintern Develops a Strategy for the East  3 Preparing for Voitinsky’s Visit  4 Coordinating Revolutionary Movements in the East 3 Creating a Communist Party  1 China on the Eve of and after Voitinsky’s Arrival  2 Voitinsky’s Mission in China  3 The Party Falls Apart  4 The Development of Communist Small Groups across China 4 The Chinese Communist Party Decides its Path, Sneevliet Suggests a Different Route  1 Post-Congress Differences  2 Sneevliet Travels South and Sees the Revolution’s Future  3 Sneevliet Travels South and Sees the Future 5 Concern in China, Acceptance in Moscow  1 Reporting in Beijing and Shanghai  2 Reporting to the Comintern  3 Sneevliet Outlines His Views 6 Cajoling the Chinese Communist Party, Uniting with the Guomindang  1 The Changing Scene in China: the Chinese Communist Party Shifts its Stance  2 Hangzhou: a Time of Decision  3 Sun Yat-sen, Wu Peifu and Soviet Russia  4 Sun and Joffe Reach an Understanding 7 Doubts in Moscow, Continued Opposition in China  1 Opposition in Moscow? 8 Chinese Communist Party Suffers a Setback, Guomindang Cooperation Cemented  1 CER Negotiations with the Far Eastern Republic and Zhang Zuolin  2 Soviet Aid for Sun Yat-sen  3 The February Seventh Strike: a Sobering Experience  4 The Third Congress of the Chinese Communist Party: Showdown  5 Aftermath Epilogue: Development and Disaster: Who Was to Blame? Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAntonia Bosanquet’s Minding Their Place is the first full-length study of Ibn al-Qayyim’s (d. 751/1350) collection of rulings relating to non-Muslim subjects, Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma. It offers a detailed study of the structure, content and authorial method of the work, arguing that it represents the author’s personal composition rather than a synthesis of medieval rulings, as it has often been understood. On this basis, Antonia Bosanquet analyses how Ibn al-Qayyim’s presentation of rulings in Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma uses space to convey his view of religious hierarchy. She considers his answer to the question of whether non-Muslims have a place in the Abode of Islam, how this is defined and how his definition contributes to Ibn al-Qayyim’s broader theological world-view.Trade Review[...] Ihren ‚Platz‘ hat Bosanquets Studie somit gefunden: als eine wegweisende Arbeit im Bereich der wissenschaftlichen Erschließung der Beziehungen zwischen Islam und Nichtmuslimen in der Vormoderne. [...] Bosanquet's study has found its 'place' as a groundbreaking work in the academic field of relations between Islam and non-Muslims in the pre-modern period. Stephan Kokew, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, in Der Islam, vol. 99, no. 1, 2022, pp. 242-246, https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2022-0010Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Figure and Tables Introduction  1 Questions Raised in this Study  2 Terms and Concepts  3 Space and Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma  4 Text as Space?  5 Significance of this Study  6 Method and Chapter Outline part 1: Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma: Text and Content 1 Author, Text and Reception  1 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya  2 The Text of Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma  3 Reception  4 Manuscripts and Editions 2 Historical Background  1 Muslims and non-Muslims in the Mamluk Empire  2 The ʿUlamāʾ in the Mamluk Period 3 Literary Precedents  1 The Pact of ʿUmar and the Contract Genre  2 The Fiqh Compendia  3 Juristic Literature Focusing on the Ahl al-Dhimma  4 Manuals of Governance and Statecraft  5 Ādāb al-Muḥtasib  6 Mamluk Prescriptive Literature  7 Similarities and Differences Between the Literary Precedents for Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma  8 Conclusions: Locating Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma 4 Structure and Method  1 Structure and Subject Division Within Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma  2 Sources and Method  3 Sources for Aḥkām Ahl al-Dhimma  4 Source Incorporation and Authorial Agency  5 The Dialectical Method  6 Digression: its Uses and Functions  7 Qur’anic Verses and Hadith  8 Conclusion to Part One part 2: Space in Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma 5 Separate Space  1 Mosques, Churches and Dhimmi Homes  2 Geographical Boundaries and Muslim Space  3 Ṣulḥ Land, ʿAnwa Land and Dhimmi Space  4 Tax  5 Employment in State Administration  6 Festivals  7 Dhimmi Marriage  8 The Dhimmi Wife and the Female Body  9 Death, Burial and the Afterlife  10 Conclusion: Separate Space and Private Space in Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma 6 The Relational Space of Personal Interaction  1 Greeting  2 Visiting the Sick and Attending Funerals  3 Commercial Exchange and Business Partnerships  4 Conversion to Islam and Marriage Relations  5 The Female Convert’s Relations with her Non-Muslim Family  6 The Male Convert’s Relations with his Non-Muslim Family  7 Mixed Marriages and Shared Households  8 Conclusion: The Characterisation of the Dhimmi 7 The Relational Space of Public Performance  1 Structural Incorporation of the Pact of ʿUmar in Aḥkām Ahl al-Dhimma  2 Ibn al-Qayyim’s Sources for the Pact of ʿUmar  3 Ibn al-Qayyim’s Presentation of the Pact of ʿUmar  4 Stage Props: Movable Religious Symbols  5 Stage Backdrop: Non-Movable Religious Symbols  6 Scripting Dhimmi Performance: Regulating Appearance and Comportment  7 Conclusion 8 The Contested Space of Non-Muslim Children  1 Aḥkām Ahl al-Dhimma and the Question of Dhimmi Children  2 Sources and Framing  3 Children in This Abode: Legal Responsibility and Religious Education  4 Legitimising the Non-Muslim Status of the Child  5 Legitimising the Conversion of the Non-Muslim Child  6 Sunni Positions on the Fate of Non-Muslim Children After Death  7 Ibn al-Qayyim’s Review of the Positions  8 Conclusion Conclusion: Space, Religious Difference and Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma  1 Space in Aḥkām ahl al-dhimma  2 Muslims and non-Muslims in Aḥkām Ahl al-Dhimma  3 The Place of Dhimmis in the Abode of Islam  4 Identity, Alterity and Power  5 Aḥkām Ahl al-Dhimma, Regulatory Discourse about Dhimmis and Ibn al-Qayyim Bibliography Author Index Subject Index

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Book SynopsisCalvinism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1548–1648 offers an in-depth history of the Reformed Churches in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in their first hundred years. Kazimierz Bem analyses church polity, liturgy, the practices of Calvinist church discipline and piety, and the reasons for conversion to and from Calvinism in all strata of the society. Drawing on extensive research in primary sources, Bem challenges the dominant narrative of Protestant decline after 1570 and argues for a continued flourishing of Calvinism in the Commonwealth until the 1630s.Trade Review"This handsome volume is a pleasure to handle (---) The attractive presentation is enhanced by the clarity of the work’s structure. (---) [Bem's] unconcealed sympathies and convictions have not hindered him from writing the first modern historical synthesis in any language of Calvinism, broadly understood, in the entire Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It can be recommended to all scholars and advanced students interested in the history of the Reformation in Europe." - prof. Wioletta Pawlikowska Butterwick, Journal of Ecclesiastical History "This is the first scholarly monograph of the Reformed Churches in Poland-Lithuania in the period of the Reformation’s growth down through the beginning of its decline. (...) It is also a merit of the book to have drawn our attention to the manifold roles women played in Reformed congregations of the Commonwealth." - prof. Waldemar Kowalski, Religious Studies ReviewTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Name and Place Conventions Timeline of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Maps and Illustrations PART 1 The Commonwealth in the Age of the Reformation 1 Introduction 2 The Land of Many Sects  2.1 The People and Their Religions  2.2 The Territories and Their Governance  2.3 The Reformation in Poland and Lithuania before 1548 PART 2 The Reformed Churches 3 Church Polity  3.1 The Early Years: 1548–1595  3.2 Growing Together: 1595–1630s  3.3 The 1634 Wlodawa General Convocation and Its Aftermath 4 The Liturgy  4.1 The Early Years 1550–1595  4.2 Krainski’s Forma of 1599 and the 1601 Agenda in Lesser Poland  4.3 Liturgical Developments in the Greater Poland Brethren Churches  4.4 Reformed Liturgy in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1550–1621  4.5 Toward a Unified Reformed Liturgy in Poland and Lithuania 5 Church Discipline  5.1 Theological Background of Reformed Church Discipline before 1634  5.2 The Practice of Reformed Church Discipline before 1634  5.3 Reformed Church Discipline after the 1634 Wlodawa Convocation 6 The Ministry 7 Patterns of Piety PART 3 The Reformed Faithful 8 The Nobles Convert 9 A Few Sheep Are Better than a Herd of Pigs 10 Calvinists in Royal Towns 11 Calvinist Fishing in Lutheran Waters 12 “Most Fanatical Champions of Their Perfidious Dogmas”— Women and Calvinism in the Commonwealth 13 The Ambiguity of Numbers 14 Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn Sefer Tagin Fragments from the Cairo Genizah, Marc Michaels transcribes and recreates fragments of arguably the earliest found manuscript of the manual for sofrim (scribes) concerning the decorative tagin (tittles) and 'strange' letter forms that adorn certain words in the Torah. Comparing these found fragments against other core and secondary sources of Sefer Tagin (including several pages of a new secondary source), Michaels establishes the most likely readings to assist the reconstruction of the fragments and shed light on the original intention of the author of Sefer Tagin.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Assigned Sigla List of Figures, Tables and Reconstructions Note on Transliteration 1 Introduction  1 The ‘Strange Letters’, Visual midrash and Sefer Tagin  2 A Brief Introduction to tagin  3 Sefer Tagin—A Manual for sofrim (Scribes)  4 The Corpus of Textual Witnesses to Sefer Tagin—Core and Secondary Sources  5 Some Example Uses in Sifrey Torah  6 Adding to the Core Corpus, Oxford Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 33/3 (fol. 9), a Known Fragment from the Cairo Genizah 2 A New (Partial) Witness  1 T-S D1.42—Two New Pages from a Version of Sefer Tagin Identified from the Cairo Genizah  2 Dating and Locating T-S D1.42  3 Identifying Additional Joins, T-S AS 139.152, T-S NS 287.11 and T-S AS 139.144  4 An Additional Find, a Secondary Source T-S Misc. 24.182 from the Cairo Genizah  5 Dating T-S Misc. 24.182 3 Transcription and Analysis  1 Diacritical Conventions  2 Digital Composition and Font Construction Part 1 4 Critical Analysis of T-S D.142  1 End of Listing of Instances for the First Special Letter he Form  2 Description and Example Forms of the First Special Letter he  3 Description and Example Forms of the Second Special Letter he  4 Listing of Instances for the Second Special Letter he  5 Description and Example Forms of the Special Letter vav  6 Listing of Instances for the Special Letter vav  7 Description and Example Forms of the First Special Letter zayin  8 Listing of Instances for the First Special Letter zayin  9 Description and Example Forms of the Second Special Letter zayin  10 Listing of Instances for the Second Special Letter zayin  11 Description and Example Forms of the First Special Letter ḥet  12 Listing of Instances for the First Special Letter ḥet  13 Description and Example Forms of the Second Special Letter ḥet  14 Listing of Instances for the Second Special Letter ḥet  15 Description and Example Forms of the Special Letter ṭet  16 Listing of Instances for the Special Letter ṭet  17 Summary—T-S D1.42 Part 2 5 Analysis and Reconstruction of Joined Fragments  1 Reconstruction of Additional Pages of Our New Core Source  2 Continuing the Listing for the Special Letter ṭet  3 Description and Example Forms of the Special Letter yod  4 Listing of Instances for the Special Letter yod  5 Description and Example Forms of the Special Letter kaf  6 Listing of Instances for the Special Letter kaf  7 Description and Example Forms of the First Special Letter kaf sofit  8 Listing of Instances for the First Special Letter kaf sofit  9 Description and Example Forms of the Second Special Letter kaf sofit  10 Listing of Instances for the Second Special Letter kaf sofit  11 Description and Example Forms of the Special Letter lamed  12 Listing of Instances for the Special Letter lamed  13 Description and Example Forms of the Special Letter mem  14 Listing of Instances for the Special Letter mem  15 Description and Example Forms of the Special Letter mem sofit  16 Listing of Instances for the Special Letter mem sofit  17 Description and Example Forms of the Special Letter nun  18 Listing of Instances for the Special Letter nun  19 Description and Example Forms of the Special Letter tav  20 Listing of Instances for the Special Letter tav  21 Conclusion of Sefer Tagin  22 Summary—CG Joined Fragments Part 3 6 Oxford Bodleian MS. Heb. 33/3 (fol. 9)  1 Critical Analysis of MS. Heb. d. 33/3  2 Continuing the Listing for the Special Letter nun  3 Description and Example Forms of the Special Letter nun sofit  4 Listing of Instances for the Special Letter nun sofit  5 The ‘Upside Down’ nun sofit of Haran  6 Continuing the Listing for the Special Letter nun sofit  7 Description and Example Forms of the Special Letter samekh  8 Listing of Instances for the Special Letter samekh  9 Description and Example Forms of the First Special Letter ʿayin  10 Listing of Instances for the First Special Letter ʿayin  11 Summary—Oxford Heb. 33/9 Appendix 1: Transcription and Annotation of T-S Misc. 24.182 Appendix 2: Enhanced Imagery of Sefer Tagin from Sassoon 82 (JUD. 022) Bibliography

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Book SynopsisKitāb al-mustalḥaq is an addendum to the treatises on Hebrew morphology by Ḥayyūǧ, the most classic of the Andalusi works written during the caliphate of Cordoba and the benchmark for studies of the Hebrew language throughout the Arabic-speaking world during the medieval period. Kitāb al-mustalḥaq was composed in Zaragoza by Ibn Ǧanāḥ after the civil war was unleashed in Cordoba in 1013. This new edition includes an historical introduction, taking account of the major contributions from the twentieth century to the present day, a description of the methodology and contents of this treatise, a description of the manuscripts, and a glossary of terminology. This new edition shows how Ibn Ǧanāḥ updated his book until the end of his life.Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments Abbreviations Transcription Guide Prologue 1 Abū l-Walīd Marwān (Yona) ibn Ǧanāḥ of Cordoba (c. 980–1050)  1 The Early Years in Cordoba  2 Lucena  3 The Second Stage, Zaragoza 2 The Works of Abū l-Walīd Marwān (Yona) ibn Ǧanāḥ  1 The Works of Ibn Ǧanāḥ in the Medieval Period  2 The Editions of Ibn Ǧanāḥ’s Works  3 The Study of Ibn Ǧanāḥ’s Works 3 Kitāb al-mustalḥaq fī l-afʿāl ḏawāt ḥurūf al-līn wa-ḏawāt al-miṯlayn ʿalā mā ṯabbat fī kitābī Abī Zakariyāʾ Ḥayyūǧ (Addendum to the Verbs with Weak Letters and with Geminates as Listed in the Two Books by Abū Zakariyāʾ Ḥayyūǧ)  1 The Contents and Nature of the Treatise  2 The Process of Writing and Transmitting Kitāb al-mustalḥaq  3 Kitāb al-mustalḥaq Manuscripts Text Translation Small Fragments Edition and Translation Bibliography Glossary of Grammatical Terminology Index of Sources Index of Weak and Geminate Roots

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Book SynopsisFrom Eusebio Kino to Daniel Berrigan, and from colonial New England to contemporary Seattle, Jesuits have built and disrupted institutions in ways that have fundamentally shaped the Catholic Church and American society. As Catherine O’Donnell demonstrates, Jesuits in French, Spanish, and British colonies were both evangelists and agents of empire. John Carroll envisioned an American church integrated with Protestant neighbors during the early years of the republic; nineteenth-century Jesuits, many of them immigrants, rejected Carroll’s ethos and created a distinct Catholic infrastructure of schools, colleges, and allegiances. The twentieth century involved Jesuits first in American war efforts and papal critiques of modernity, and then (in accord with the leadership of John Courtney Murray and Pedro Arrupe) in a rethinking of their relationship to modernity, to other faiths, and to earthly injustice. O’Donnell’s narrative concludes with a brief discussion of Jesuits’ declining numbers, as well as their response to their slaveholding past and involvement in clerical sexual abuse.Table of ContentsAbstract Keywords 1. Introduction 2. Jesuits in the Colonial Era 3. New France Takes Root 4. Royal 5. The Pays d’en Haut and Louisiana 6. The Pimería Alta 7. Jesuits in the British North American Colonies 8. Maryland’s Founding 9. Early Years in Maryland 10. Maryland Transformed 11. Penal Era 12. Suppression 13. Jesuits in the New American Nation 14. Atlantic Currents 15. A New Society 16. A Growing Nation and Society 17. The West 18. Slavery and War 19. A World Apart? 20. The Work Continues 21. Education, Americanism, and Modernism 22. A Transformational Century 23. Toward Modernity 24. The Second World War 25. Controversy and Transformation 26. Toward the Present 27. Change Accelerates 28. Conclusion: Toward the Future Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis volume places the satirical works of the Middle Byzantine period in a wider political and socio-cultural context, exploring not only their various forms but also their functions and meanings. The volume is divided into four parts. The first part provides the backgrounds of the authors and texts discussed in the volume. The second concerns the manifold functions and appearances of Byzantine satirical texts. Part three offers detailed analyses of three largely unexplored texts (the Charidemos, the Philopatris, and the Anacharsis). The last section moves from the individual texts to the larger picture of satirical modes in Middle Byzantium. Contributors are Baukje van den Berg, Floris Bernard, Stavroula Constantinou, Eric Cullhed, Janek Kucharski, Markéta Kulhánková, Paul Magdalino, Henry Maguire, Przemysław Marciniak, Charis Messis, Ingela Nilsson, Emilie van Opstall, Panagiotis Roilos, and Nikos Zagklas. See inside the book.

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Book SynopsisThe EU today is at a crossroads: either it becomes a great supranational union or it goes back to being an array of separate independent states. Alberto Martinelli and Alessandro Cavalli draw a grand fresco of the society in which the European Union is taking shape. Long-term social and cultural trends and main current developments in economics and politics are synthetically outlined. Key questions of identity and nationalism, immigration and inequality, welfare and economic governance, are thoroughly analysed. Main cleavages, conflicts of interest and different visions of member states, as well as institutional reforms and crisis management strategies are critically discussed. A detailed proposal for advancing the process of political integration concludes the volume.Table of Contents Tables and Figures  Introduction  1The European Identity  1 Preface: Identity and Identification  2 One or Many European Identities?  3 Rationalism and Individualism/Subjectivity  4 University and Scientific Research, Market Capitalism and Industrial Enterprise, Nation State and Polyarchic Democracy  5 An Unusual and Controversial Identity  6 Changes in the Content of European Identity and the Perception of their Meaning  7 How European Citizens’ Identification with Europe has Changed  8 Identity Techniques  9 The Renewed Relevance of the European Project  2 Nationalism  1 Nationalism as the Ideology of the Modern State  2 The Double Matrix of European Nationalism and Its Relationship with Democracy  3 Main Alternatives to the Modernist Approach  4 Nationalism in the First Decades of the 21st Century  5 Nationalism and the Contradictions of European Integration  6 Main Causes of the National/Populist Upsurge in Contemporary Europe  3 Languages  1 The Distant Past  2 The Recent Past  3 Multilingualism and Plurilingualism: Europe’s Inevitable Future  4 The Linguistic Policies of the EU  5 English as Lingua Franca  6 Languages and the Culture Industry  4 Religion and Religions  1 A Look at the Past  2 Rationalization, Modernization, and Secularization  3 Europe and America – A Comparison  4 The Return of Religiousness in New Forms  5 Contemporary Fundamentalism  6 Migration and Religious Pluralism  7 Religious Pluralism and Cosmopolitanism  5 The Universities  1 Introduction  2Studium Generale in the Middle Ages  3 The Universities on the Threshold of the Modern Age  4 The Birth of the Scientific Societies  5 University Models in the Age of the Nation States  6 From University for the Elites to University for the Masses  7 The Changing Relationship between Teaching and Research  8 Current Tendencies: Where Are European Universities Going?  6 The Cities  1 From the Ancient City to the Medieval City  2 State and Industry during the Formation of the Modern City  3 The Contemporary European City  7 Population and Family Structures  1 How Many Europeans Are There and How Many Will There Be?  2 Household Units and Family Structures  3 Declining Birth Rates  4 Couples, Families, and Reproductive Decisions  5 Fewer People Die and Live Longer  6 Social Policies for the Family  8 Internal and External Migrations  1 A Challenge (Also) to the Sense of Identity  2 The Europe as an Area of Emigration and of Immigration  3 Internal and External Migrations to the EU  4 The Reasons and Causes of Migration  5 The Migration Emergency of 2015 and Subsequent Years  6 Models and Ways of Integration  7 Stages and Obstacles in the Admissions/Integration Process  8 Xenophobic Movements and Welcoming Culture  9 Necessity of and Obstacles to a European Migration Policy  9 The Dimensions of Inequality  1 Rich and Poor People in Rich and Poor Countries  2 Dualism and Territorial Inequalities  3 Beyond Economic Inequalities in the EU  4 Conclusion  10 The Political-Institutional Architecture of the European Union  1 The EU as an Example of Bold Institutional Innovation  2 The Main Phases of European Integration  3 The Basic Institutions of the European Union  4 EU Decision-making  11 Parties, Elections, Pressure Groups  1 Transnational Party Federations  2 Transnational Party Federations and European Parliament Party Groups  3 The 2019 Elections of the European Parliament: Voter Turnout  4 The 2019 Elections of the European Parliament: Results and Recognized Party Groups  5 EP Elections Results in the Largest EU Member Countries  6 President Ursula von der Leyen’s Programme Priorities and the Composition of the New Commission  7 Interest Groups and Pressure Politics  12 The European Welfare State  1 Welfare and the European Social Model  2 Welfare State Models  3 Challenges Confronting the European Welfare State  4 The European Social Model as Common Core of European Welfare Systems  5 The Three Phases of European Welfare  6 The Effects of the Global Financial Crisis and the Reaction of European Welfare Regimes  7 The Critics from Opposite Sides  8 The Reformers: The Social Investment Approach  9 The Open Method of Coordination  10 Conclusion  13 The European Economy  1 Unity and Diversity of the European Economy  2 European Economic Development since the Start of the Integration Process  3 The 1970s Regime Change in the World Economy  4 The EU in the Global Market  5 The Choice of the Euro  14 The Global Financial Crisis  1 An Interpretation of the Global Financial Crisis  2 The Financial-Economic Crisis in the EU and the Predominance of the Intergovernmental Regime of Decision-making  3 The Stages of the EU Exit Strategy  4 The Crucial Role of the European Central Bank  5 Fiscal Stringency and a Difficult Return to Economic Growth  Conclusion  1 External Constraints, Internal Cleavages, and Reform of the European Union  2 Amending the Treaties  3 Reform Proposals under Existing Treaties  4 Key Decisions for Moving Forward a Greater Union  Afterword  Bibliography  Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume examines the image-based methods of interpretation that pictorial and literary landscapists employed between 1500 and 1700. The seventeen essays ask how landscape, construed as the description of place in image and/or text, more than merely inviting close viewing, was often seen to call for interpretation or, better, for the application of a method or principle of interpretation. Contributors: Boudewijn Bakker, William M. Barton, Stijn Bussels, Reindert Falkenburg, Margaret Goehring, Andrew Hui, Sarah McPhee, Luke Morgan, Shelley Perlove, Kathleen P. Long, Lukas Reddemann, Denis Ribouillault, Paul J. Smith, Troy Tower, and Michel Weemans.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations Notes on the Editors Notes on the Contributors Part 1: Introduction: The Hermeneutic and Exegetical Potential of Landscapes 1 Introduction: Landscape and the Visual Hermeneutics of Place, 1500–1700  Walter S. Melion 2 Parabolic, Periphrastic, and Emblematic Ekphrasis in Hans Bol’s Emblemata Evangelica of 1585  Walter S. Melion Part 2: Constructions of Identity: Landscapes and the Description of Reality 3 Landscape Description and the Hermeneutics of Neo-Latin Autobiography: the Case of Jacopo Sannazaro  Karl Enenkel 4 Landscape in Marcus Gheeraerts’s Fable Illustrations  Paul J. Smith 5 Order or Variety? Pieter Bruegel and the Aesthetics of Landscape  Boudewijn Bakker 6 Schilderachtig: A Rhyparographic View of Early 17th-Century Dutch Landscape Painting  Reindert Falkenburg 7 Landscape with Landmark: Jacob van Ruisdael’s Panorama of Amsterdam (1665–1670)  Stijn Bussels 8 Jacob van Ruisdael’s The Jewish Cemetery, c. 1654–1655: Religious Toleration, Dutch Identity, and Divine Time  Shelley Perlove 9 ‘Car la terre ici n’est telle qu’un fol l’estime’: Landscape Description as an Interpretative Tool in Two Early Modern Poems on New France  William M. Barton Part 3: Constructions of Artificial Landscapes: Gardens, Villegiatura, Ruins 10 Hermeneutics and the Early Modern Garden: Ingenuity, Sociability, Education  Denis Ribouillault 11 The Politics of Space of the Burgundian Garden  Margaret Goehring 12 The Stratigraphy of Poetic Landscape at the Esquiline Villa  Sarah McPhee 13 Poussin’s Allegory of Ruins  Andrew Hui 14 ‘False Art’s Insolent Address’: The Enchanted Garden in Early Modern Literature and Landscape Design  Luke Morgan Part 4: Constructions of Imaginary Landscapes 15 Narrative Vitality and the Forest in the Furioso  Troy Tower 16 Epic Salvation: Christ’s Descent into Hell and the Landscape of the Underworld in Neo-Latin Christian Epic  Lukas Reddemann 17 World Landscape as Visual Exegesis: Herri met de Bles’s Penitent Saint Jerome  Michel Weemans 18 Cities of the Dead: Utopian Spaces, the Grotesque, and the Landscape of Violence in Early Modern France  Kathleen Long Index Nominum

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Book SynopsisThe sermons here published for the first time are attributed to an otherwise unknown friar referred to simply as Frater Petrus. The collection provides evidence of actual preaching in a normal setting from fourteenth-century Germany, between the beginnings of the Franciscan order and the Observant reform movement, not by a major light of the order, but a regular member who may have held status as an intermediate-level teacher, to judge by the care with which the manuscripts were prepared. Theologically competent and gracefully presented in the conventional sermon style of the period, the collection, edited and translated by Daniel Nodes, offers scholars and students a reliable new resource in an area of sermon studies that is still in short supply.Trade Review"This volume of sixty-three sermons will shed valuable light on preaching method and style of a Franciscan friar in a normal setting of the pre-Observant fourteenth century. Daniel Nodes’s careful Latin edition with clear English translation enables readers to penetrate more deeply into biblical interpretation and instruction during the High Middle Ages." Nigel F. Palmer, Emeritus Professor of Medieval German, St Edmund Hall, Oxford "In the later Middle Ages, the friars created a system of mass communication based on collections of Latin model sermons which could be turned into the vernacular for lay congregations anywhere. Examples of these model sermons in critical editions are rare and critical editions accompanied by translations to which a good student can be directed are almost non-existent. Dan Nodes earns the gratitude of scholars and teachers of medieval religious history by filling this glaring gap." D. L. d’Avray, Emeritus Professor of History, UCLTable of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Figures Abbreviations Introduction  1 The Text and Its Significance  2 Collationes de tempore  3 The Manuscript Witnesses  4 The Relationship between Witnesses  5 The Content and Nature of Petrus’s Collations  6 The Author and His Audience: Who Was Frater Petrus? For Whom Were the Collations Composed?  7 Notes on the Present Edition and Translation Text and Translation Appendix 1: Endpaper Prayer Appendix 2: Conspectus of Collations, Feast Days, and Lections Select Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisEarly Modern Universities: Networks of Higher Education publishes twenty essays on early modern institutional academic networks and the history of the book. The case studies examine universities, schools, and academies across a wide geographical range throughout Europe, and in Central America. The volume suggests pathways for future research into institutional hierarchies, cultural ties, and how networks of policy makers were embedded in complex scholarly and scientific developments. Topics include institutions and political entanglements; locality and mobility, especially the movement of scholars and scholarship between institutions; communication, collaboration, and the circulation of academic knowledge. The essays use studies of print and book cultures to provide insights into cooperative interregional markets, travel and trade. Contributors: Laurence Brockliss, Liam Chambers, Liam Chambers, Peter Davidson, Mordechai Feingold, Alette Fleischer, Willem Frijhoff, Anja- Silvia Goeing, Martina Hacke, Michael Hunter, Urs B. Leu, David A. Lines, Ian Maclean, Thomas O’Connor, Glyn Parry, Yarí Pérez Marín, Elizabeth Sandis, Andreas Sohn, Jane Stevenson, Iolanda Ventura, and Benjamin Wardhaugh.Table of ContentsEditors’ Preface List of Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors Introduction  Anja-Silvia Goeing, Glyn Parry, and Mordechai Feingold PART 1 The Political Entanglement of Institutions 1 Colleges and the University of Paris, Professors and Students, Religion and Politics: Some Remarks on the History of Europe in the Late Middle Ages (Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries)   Andreas Sohn 2 Structures and Networks of Learning in Early Modern Bologna   David A. Lines 3 Church and State: Sixteenth Century Higher Education in Zurich and Its Ties to the City-State Government   Anja-Silvia Goeing 4 The Beginnings of the German Academia Naturae Curiosorum (1652–1687) and the Character of German Intellectual Life   Ian Maclean 5 The Academy, the University and Cultural Warfare: The Case of Thomas Digges (1546–1595)   Glyn Parry PART 2 Locality and Mobility: Institutions, the Migration of Scholars, and Scholarships 6 Domestic Academies   Jane Stevenson 7 The Circulation of Knowledge in Early Colonial New Spain: A Plural Landscape   Yarí Pérez Marín 8 A Multifaceted Educational Landscape: The Dutch and Their Schools in and outside the Dutch Republic   Willem Frijhoff 9 Schemes for Students’ Mobility in Protestant Switzerland during the Sixteenth Century   Karine Crousaz 10 Domestic Grammar Schools and Overseas Colleges in the Formation of Irish Catholic Clergy (1560–1620)   Thomas O’Connor 11 The Importance of Location: The Eighteenth-Century University and the Intellectual Rendez-Vous   Laurence Brockliss PART 3 Communication, Collaboration, and the Circulation of Academic Knowledge 12 Performing Networks and Relationships on Stage at the Early Modern Universities: Theater and Ritual at Oxford, Cambridge, and the Inns of Court   Elizabeth Sandis 13 Defacing Euclid: Reading and Annotating the Elements of Geometry in Early Modern Britain   Benjamin Wardhaugh 14 Archibald Pitcairne  Heterodoxy and Its Milieu in Late Seventeenth- and Early Eighteenth-Century Edinburgh   Michael Hunter 15 The Collections of the University of Aberdeen, 1495–1807: Centers and Peripheries, Networks and Culture   Peter Davidson and Jane Stevenson PART 4 Cooperative Interregional Worlds: Production, Markets, Travel and Trade 16 The Messengers of the Nations of the University of Paris and the Book Trade (Late Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries)   Martina Hacke 17 The Cooperation between Professors and Printers in Basel and Zurich during the Early Modern Period   Urs B. Leu 18 Typologies and Pharmaceutical Markets: The Reception of Pseudo-Mesue’s Schriftencorpus in Print   Iolanda Ventura 19 Traveling Salesmen or Scholarly Travelers?: Early Modern Botanists on the Move Marketing Their Knowledge of Nature   Alette Fleischer 20 “Abroad Colleges,” Print Culture, and Book Collections: The Irish Colleges, Paris, 1676–1794   Liam Chambers Bibliography of Secondary Literature Index

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Book SynopsisIn Before Enlightenment: Play and Illusion in Renaissance Humanism, Timothy Kircher argues for new ways of appreciating Renaissance humanist philosophy. Literary qualities – tone, voice, persona, style, imagery – composed a core of their philosophizing, so that play and illusion, as well as rational certainty, formed pre-Enlightenment ideas about knowledge, ethics, and metaphysics. Before Enlightenment takes issue with the long-standing view of humanism’s philosophical mediocrity. It shows new features of Renaissance culture that help explain the origins not only of Enlightenment rationalists, but also of early modern novelists and essayists. If humanist writings promoted objective knowledge based on reason’s supremacy over emotion, they also showed awareness of one’s place and play in the world. The animal rationale is also the homo ludens.Trade Review“This fine book adds great depth and meaning to the study of Renaissance humanism. Kircher’s writing is crisp, his analyses are clear-eyed, and throughout he strikes a series of fine balances: between examinations of humanist classics with examinations of lesser known texts (often in manuscript); between Latin and vernacular; between Italian and ultramontane. Throughout, his writing is informed, but not dominated, by the history of continental philosophy.” Christopher S. Celenza, Johns Hopkins University “The strength of this new intellectual history is that it is not only attuned to the philosophical contributions of the early humanists, but it also considers the indirectness of literary media—including letters, dialogues, translations, orations, novels and poetry–as integral to humanist philosophy.” Eva Plesnik, University of Toronto. In: Annali d'italianistica, Vol. 40 (2022), pp. 449–451.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations 1 The Riddles of Renaissance Humanism  1 Renaissance Humanism in the History of Early Modern Ideas  2 Finders and Seekers in Renaissance Humanism  3 Renaissance Humanism in the History of Philosophy  4 Literary Modalities of Humanist Expression and Overview of Chapters 2 Esse et videri: To Be and to Seem (Knowledge)  1 Piccolomini’s Dream  2 Quattrocento Hypocrisy: The Play of Appearances  3 Trecento Antecedents: Appearing and Seeming in Petrarch and Boccaccio  4 Walking Knowledge: The Transience and Accumulation of Perception  5 Sixteenth-Century Simulations 3 The Procession of Virtue (Ethics)  1 Reason as the Guide to Virtue: Finding the Moral Way  2 The Virtues of Pedagogy  3 The Morality of Rational Love  4 Fortune’s Challenge to Virtue  5 Laying Down the Moral Habits: Dialogues of the Dead  6 Fortune and Folly in the Sixteenth Century 4 The Beauty of the Whole (Metaphysics)  1 Poetica Theologia to Poetica Metaphysica  2 Prometheus the Light-Bringer: the Mediator between Humanity and Divinity  3 Approaching the Sun: the Upper Reaches of Humanist Conceptions of Reality  4 Chaos Theory: the Circulation of Atomism  5 The Limits of Vision Beneath the Earthly Veil  6 Ontological Rupture: Momus as Alter-Prometheus  7 The Swiftness of Time: Playing with Plutarch 5 The End of Humanism – and the Humanities?  1 Questions of Humanism and the Humanities  2 The End in Rabelais’s Cinq livres / Five Books  3 Bembo’s Walking Knowledge and the Limited Outlook  4 The Turnings of Self-Study as Humanism’s Physics and Metaphysics Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Long Quarrel: Past and Present in the Eighteenth Century examines how the intellectual clashes emerging from the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns continued to reverberate until the end of the eighteenth century. This extended Quarrel was not just about the value of ancient and modern, but about historical thought in a broader sense. The tension between ancient and modern expanded into a more general tension between past and present, which were no longer seen as essentially similar, but as different in nature. Thus, a new kind of historical consciousness came into being in the Long Quarrel of the eighteenth century, which also gave rise to new ideas about knowledge, art, literature and politics. Contributors are: Jacques Bos, Anna Cullhed, Håkon Evju, Vera Faßhauer, Andrew Jainchill, Anton M. Matytsin, Iain McDaniel, Larry F. Norman, David D. Reitsam, Jan Rotmans, Friederike Voßkamp, and Christine Zabel.Table of ContentsList of Figures Notes on Contributors Part 1: The Long Quarrel 1 The Long Quarrel in the Eighteenth Century  Jacques Bos and Jan Rotmans 2 The Quarrel in the Long Eighteenth Century: From “Ancient and Modern” to “Classical and Romantic”  Larry F. Norman Part 2: Epistemology 3 The Speculative Foundations of the Quarrel: Fontenelle’s Plurality of Inhabited Worlds and the ‘Epistemology of the Uncertain’  Christine Zabel 4 The Quarrel over Chronology at the Académie des inscriptions: Ancient History, Modern Methods, and the Autonomy of the Historical Discipline  Anton M. Matytsin Part 3: Aesthetics 5 Questioning Homer’s Iliad? Different Perceptions of the Ancient World in the Pages of the Nouveau Mercure Galant  David D. Reitsam 6 Thersites Moralized: Eighteenth-Century Corrective, Apologetic and Exegetic Readings of the Second Book of Homer’s Iliad  Vera Fasshauer 7 “Horace is dead, but I am alive”: Epic Failure and Satiric Authority in Eighteenth-Century Sweden  Anna Cullhed 8 ‘Necesse est indiciis monstrare recentibus abdita rerum’: William Hogarth’s The Four Times of Day and the Challenge to Past Models in Eighteenth-Century Art  Friederike Voßkamp Part 4: Politics 9 Ochlocracy and Democracy in the “Long Quarrel”: Modern Republicanism and Its Ancient Rivals Revisited  Iain McDaniel 10 The Political Thought of Henri de Boulainvilliers Reconsidered  Andrew Jainchill 11 Between History and Political Economy: The Debate over Ancient Populousness in Eighteenth-Century Denmark-Norway  Håkon Evju Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis cultural and institutional history explores the careers of men who served in Rome’s Office of Ceremonies during the papal court’s growth period (c.1466–1528), in order to understand how the smallest papal college stands as a model of early modern curial advancement. The experiences and textual contributions of three ceremonialists, Agostino Patrizi, Johann Burchard, and Paris de’ Grassi, show diverse strategies and origins, but similar concerns and achievements. In a period of heightened competition and increasing pressure for regularization and reform, the Office’s professionalization and their combined office-holding, networks, and textual production, reveal how early modern curialists got ahead. This study shows the complexity of successful advancement strategies that were cultivated over decades and stretched far beyond papal support.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Figures and Tables List of Abbreviations List of Pontificates, 1420–1605 A Note on Names Introduction  1 The Papal Court: Both Foreign and Familiar  2 Tracing Advancement in the Office of Ceremonies  3 The Development of Masters of Ceremonies and Politica Festiva  4 Onwards 1 The Curia and the Office of Ceremonies  1 Historiographical Traces  2 Physical Traces 2 The Development of the Office of Ceremonies  1 The Work and Structure of the Office of Ceremonies before 1466  2 The Work and Structure of the Office of Ceremonies after 1466  3 The Economics of Office-Holding  4 Provision to Office: It’s Who You Know  5 Professionalizing by Decree: Pastoralis officii (1513) and Santi Celso and Giuliano 3 The Office-Holders: Origins and Strategies  1 Agostino Patrizi, 1466–1488  2 Johann Burchard, 1483–†1506  3 Paris de’ Grassi, 1504–†1528  4 Conclusion 4 The Office-Holder’s Great Goal: A Bishopric  1 Papal Patronage  2 Agostino Patrizi, Bishop of Pienza and Montalcino (1484–†1495)  3 Johann Burchard, Bishop of Orte and Civita Castellana (1503–†1506)  4 Paris de’ Grassi, Bishop of Pesaro (1513–†1528)  5 Conclusion 5 Tools of the Profession: Ceremonial Diaries and Guides  1 The Diaries as Signs of Professionalization  2 The Diaries as Commonplace Books  3 Where Did All the Diaries Go?  4 Diaries before 1483: Lost or Fragmentary  5 Codifying Practice: Liber Pontificalis (1485) and Caeremoniale Romanum (1488)  6 Johann Burchard’s Liber Notarum  7 Paris de’ Grassi: Continuing the Tradition  8 Diaries after 1521: Continuity and Curation  9 Conclusion 6 Curial Authors  1 Agostino Patrizi: Humanist and Ceremonialist  2 Johann Burchard: Collaborator and Benchmark  3 Paris de’ Grassi: Advocate and Revisionary  4 Conclusion 7 Clerical Ambition in the Papal Chapel  1 Preaching as a Part of Career Advancement  2 Sermons in the Papal Chapel  3 Preachers as Curialists  4 Conclusion Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe aim of Protests and Generations is to problematize the relations between generations and protests in the Middle East, North Africa and the Mediterranean. Most of the work on recent protests insists on the newness of their manifestation but leave unexplored the various links that exist between them and what preceded them. Mark Muhannad Ayyash and Ratiba Hadj-Moussa (Eds.) argue that their articulation relies at once on historical ties and their rejection. It is precisely this tension that the chapters of the book address in specifically documenting several case studies that highlight the generating processes by which generations and protests are connected. What the production and use of generation brings to scholarly understanding of the protests and the ability to articulate them is one of the major questions this collection addresses. Contributors are: Mark Muhannad Ayyash, Lorenzo Cini, Éric Gobe, Ratiba Hadj-Moussa, Andrea Hajek, Chaymaa Hassabo, Gal Levy, Ilana Kaufman, Sunaina Maira, Mohammad Massala, Matthieu Rey, Gökbörü Sarp Tanyildiz, and Stephen Luis Vilaseca. *Protests and Generations is now available in paperback for individual customers.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Introduction: Conceptualizing Generations and Protests  Mark Muhannad Ayyash and Ratiba Hadj-Moussa Part 1: Forms of Protest and the Production of Generations 1 Palestinian Youth in Israel: A New Generational Style of Activism?  Mohammad Massalha, Ilana Kaufman and Gal Levy 2 From Student to General Struggle: The Protests against the Neoliberal Reforms in Higher Education in Contemporary Italy  Lorenzo Cini 3 Lawyers Mobilizing in the Tunisian Uprising: A Matter of ‘generations’?  Éric Gobe Part 2: Genealogies of Generational Formations 4 2003: A Turning Point in the Formation of Syrian Youth  Matthieu Rey 5 Together, but Divided: Trajectories of a Generation of Egyptian Political Activists (from 2005 to the Revolution)  Chaymaa Hassabo 6 The Gezi Protests: The Making of the Next Left Generation in Turkey  Gökbörü Sarp Tanyildiz Part 3: Memory, History and the “New Generation” 7 ‘Freedom is a Daily Practice’: The Palestinian Youth Movement and Jil Oslo  Sunaina Maira 8 The Double Presence of Southern Algerians: Space, Generation and Unemployment  Ratiba Hadj-Moussa 9 “We are not heiresses”: Generational Memory, Heritage and Inheritance in Contemporary Italian Feminism  Andrea Hajek 10 Echoes of Ricardo Mella: Reading Twenty-First Century Youth Protest Movements through the Lens of an Early Twentieth-Century Anarchist  Stephen Luis Vilaseca

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Book SynopsisThe truck system was a global phenomenon in the period 1865-1920, where workers were paid through the company store. In Beyond Racism and Poverty Karin Lurvink looks at how this system functioned on plantations in Louisiana in comparison with peateries in the Netherlands. In the United States, the system is often viewed as a 'second slavery' and strongly associated with racism. In the Netherlands, however, not racism but poverty has been seen as the main reason for its continued existence. By using a variety of historical sources and by analyzing the perspectives of both employers and workers, Lurvink provides new insights into how the truck system worked and can be explained. She reveals how the system was not only coercive but had advantages for the workers as well, which should not be overlooked.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements List of Illustrations Abbreviations and Conventions Glossary Introduction  The Truck System—A Nineteenth-Century Global Phenomenon  American Historians Discussing the Truck System—Racism  Dutch Historians Discussing the Truck System—Poverty  Selecting the Research Cases  Rational Choice-Approach  Voice from the Past: Source Material  Outline 1 Bayous and Bogs—The Geography of Isolation  The Louisiana Countryside  Louisiana Rivers, Creeks, Lakes, and Bayous  Railroads—An Improved Connection to the Outside World  Dutch Roads and Highways of Water 2 Truck Payments  Fields of Cotton and Sugarcane  Permanent and Seasonal Peat Lands  Truck Payments   Direct Non-Cash—Something to Eat and a Few Rags to Wear?   Indirect Non-Cash—The Company Store   Colorful Tokens and Handwritten Store Notes   Living off Future Income  Piles of Greenbacks, Dollars, and Guilders  Conclusions 3 Abuse? The Effects of the Truck System  Whiskey, Jenever, and Alcoholics  High Price, Low Quality  Usurious Interest Rates  Debt Peonage  Conclusions 4 Costs and Benefits—The Employer’s Perspective  Costs—The Opposite of the Truck System  Economic Forces and Financial Difficulties   Strapped for Cash   Miserable Years and Declining Profits   ‘The Queerest Looking Creatures’—Labor Supply and Productivity  ‘The Misery of this Time’ and Truck Payment Methods  Conclusions 5 Carrots, Cake, and Candy—The Store as a Positive Incentive  Presents ‘Joyfully Accepted’  Facilitating Commerce   Self-sufficient Little Worlds of Their Own?   The Alternative Marketplace –‘A Welcome Sight to the Rural Resident’   Credit Scarcity  Consumerism and the Physical Artifacts of Modern Life   ‘From Something to Eat, to Something to Work, to Something to Wear’   Shopping in the Peat Employer’s Store—‘The More We Take, the More We Have’   Access to Desires  Conclusions 6 Sticks and Strikes—The Store as a Negative Incentive  Debating and Denouncing the Truck System  ‘No Way to Check the Honesty of the Records’  Lack of Freedom  Racist Truck System?  Conclusions 7 The Power of Racism and Class  Increasing Terror  Declining Resistance  Racism and the Truck System  No Truck, No Job  Lowest Class of Society  Conclusions Conclusion  Main Conclusions  Racism and Poverty  Beyond Louisiana and the Netherlands: Suggestions for Future Research Appendices  Appendix 1. Louisiana Database and Method of Analysis   Creating the Database   Method of Analysis  Appendix 2. Dutch Database and Method of Analysis  Appendix 3. Harry Baptiste and Samuel Taylor—Oral History Interview 2011  Appendix 4. Isolation and Infrastructure Sources  Unpublished Sources   Peateries   Plantation Administrations  Photographs  Tokens  Interviews  Printed Sources  Newspapers  Dutch Newspapers  Universiteitsbibliotheek Vrije Universiteit  Government Documents  Dutch Government Documents  Second Chamber Reports  First Chamber Reports  Maps  Miscellaneous  Published sources  Price Data  Travel Accounts  Miscellaneous Bibliography  Literature  Unpublished Studies Index

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Book SynopsisThe New Companion to the Libro de buen amor provides a platform for exploring current, innovative approaches to this classic poem. It is designed for specialists and non-specialists from a variety of fields, who are interested in investigating different aspects of Juan Ruiz’s poem and developing fruitful new paths for future research. Chapters in the volume show how the book engages with Christian, Jewish and Muslim cultures, and delve into its legacy in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Part One sheds light on intersecting cultural milieux, from the Christian court of Castile, to the experience of Jewish and Muslim communities. Part Two illustrates how the poem’s meaning through time can be elucidated using an array of theoretical and interdisciplinary approaches. Contributors are Nora C. Benedict, Erik Ekman, Denise K. Filios, Ryan D. Giles, Michelle Hamilton, Carlos Heusch, José Manuel Hidalgo, Gregory S. Hutcheson, Veronica Menaldi, Simone Pinet, Michael R. Solomon. See inside the bookTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction  Ryan D. Giles and José Manuel Hidalgo PART 1 Cross-Cultural Contexts 1 A Poet in the Court of King Alfonso The Libro de Buen Amor in Its Courtly Context   Carlos Heusch br/> 2 Reading the Libro de Buen Amor Multiconfessionally   Gregory S. Hutcheson 3 Carnal, Carnival and Purim in the Libro de Buen Amor   Michelle Hamilton 4 Enchanting Go-Betweens  Mediated Love Magic in the Libro de Buen Amor and Iberian Grimoires   Veronica Menaldi 5 Figuring the Lamb and the Ram  Devotion and Magic in the Pitas Payas Episode of the Libro de Buen Amor   Erik Ekman PART 2 Theoretical and Cross-Disciplinary Approaches 6 The Parody of Translation and Representation of Space in the Libro de Buen Amor   Ryan D. Giles 7 For Love of Money  Rhetorical Economics in the Libro de Buen Amor   Simone Pinet 8 Isorhythmic Motets in the Libro de Buen Amor  Reading the Archpriest’s Adventures as a Musical Composition   Nora C. Benedict 9 Sermon, Story, Song  Reading and Performing the Libro de Buen Amor   Denise K. Filios 10 Remediating the Libro de Buen Amor  Immediacy, Authenticity, and the Pleasure of Mediatization   Michael Solomon Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisDominican Resonances in Medieval Iceland explores the life and legacy of Jón Halldórsson, Bishop of Skálholt (1322–39), a Dominican who had studied the liberal arts in Paris and canon law in Bologna. Combining different disciplinary approaches (literary and intellectual history, manuscript studies, musicology), this book aims to examine the conditions under which literate culture thrived in 14th-century Scandinavia. The studies included in this volume consider Jón Halldórsson’s educational background and his contributions as a storyteller to Old Norse literature, focusing especially upon legendary sagas such as Clári saga and examining their link to the Dominican tradition of exempla. The volume also includes critical studies of manuscripts that contain tales and adventures, secular law and canon law, administrative writings, as well as music and liturgy from the province of Nidaros. Combining these various analytical perspectives results in rich insights with broad implications for our understanding of medieval Nordic culture. Contributors are Astrid Marner, Christian Etheridge, Embla Aae, Gisela Attinger, Gottskálk Jensson, Gunnar Harðarson, Hjalti Snær Ægisson, Karl G. Johansson, Stefan Drechsler, Védís Ragnheiðardóttir, and Viðar Pálsson

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Book SynopsisOver the past few decades, a growing number of studies have highlighted the importance of the ‘School of Salamanca’ for the emergence of colonial normative regimes and the formation of a language of normativity on a global scale. According to this influential account, American and Asian actors usually appear as passive recipients of normative knowledge produced in Europe. This book proposes a different perspective and shows, through a knowledge historical approach and several case studies, that the School of Salamanca has to be considered both an epistemic community and a community of practice that cannot be fixed to any individual place. Instead, the School of Salamanca encompassed a variety of different sites and actors throughout the world and thus represents a case of global knowledge production. Contributors are: Adriana Álvarez, Virginia Aspe, Marya Camacho, Natalie Cobo, Thomas Duve, José Luis Egío, Dolors Folch, Enrique González González, Lidia Lanza, Esteban Llamosas, Osvaldo R. Moutin, and Marco Toste.Table of ContentsPreface List of Figures Notes on Contributors 1 The School of Salamanca  A Case of Global Knowledge Production   Thomas Duve 2 Salamanca in the New World  University Regulation or Social Imperatives?   Enrique González González 3 Observance against Ambition  The Struggle for the Chancellor’s Office at the Real Universidad de San Carlos in Guatemala (1686–1696)   Adriana Álvarez Sánchez 4 The Influence of Salamanca in the Iberian Peninsula  The Case of the Faculties of Theology of Coimbra and Évora   Lidia Lanza and Marco Toste 5 From Fray Alonso de la Vera Cruz to Fray Martín de Rada  The School of Salamanca in Asia   Dolors Folch 6 Creating Authority and Promoting Normative Behaviour  Confession, Restitution, and Moral Theology in the Synod of Manila (1582–1586)   Natalie Cobo 7 “Sepamos, Señores, en que ley vivimos y si emos de tener por nuestra regla al Consejo de Indias”. Salamanca in the Philippine Islands   Osvaldo R. Moutin 8 “Mirando las cosas de cerca”: Indigenous Marriage in the Philippines in the Light of Law and Legal Opinions (17th – 18th Centuries)   Marya Camacho 9 The Influence of the School of Salamanca in Alonso de la Vera Cruz’s De Dominio Infidelium Et Iusto Bello  First Relectio in America   Virginia Aspe 10 Producing Normative Knowledge between Salamanca and Michoacán  Alonso de la Vera Cruz and the Bumpy Road of Marriage   José Luis Egío 11 Legal Education at the University of Córdoba (1767–1821). From the Colony to the Homeland  A Reinterpretation of the Salamanca Tradition from a New Context   Esteban Llamosas Index

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Book SynopsisNicole Oresme was one of the most original and influential thinkers of the fourteenth century. He is best known for his mathematical discoveries, his economic theories, as well as his vernacular translations of cosmological and ethical texts that were undertaken at the request of King Charles V. This volume sheds light on the beginning of Oresme's scientific activity at the University of Paris (ca. 1340 – ca. 1350), a period of his intellectual career about which little is known. Over the course of this decade, Oresme lectured on many Aristotelian texts on natural philosophy, such as the Physics, On the Heavens, On generation and corruption, Meteorology, and On the Soul. Oresme's commentaries on Aristotle's Meteorology count among his only unpublished texts. This volume presents the first critical edition of books I-II.10 of the second redaction of Oresme's Questions on Meteorology. The edition is preceded by a historical and philological introduction that discusses the context of Oresme’s scientific career and examines the manuscript tradition.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Introduction: The Strange Case of the Second Redaction of Oresme’s Questions on Meteorology The Manuscript Tradition of the Second Redaction of Nicole Oresme’s Questions on Meteorology: Manuscript Descriptions and a Study of Their Relationships  Manuscript Descriptions  Overview of the Manuscripts  Relationships between the Manuscripts: A Twofold Tradition  Location of the Questions in the Manuscripts Editorial Principles Nicole Oresme, Questiones in Meteorologica de ultima lectura, recensio parisiensis Liber I  I.1 Utrum possibile sit de impressionibus meteorologicis habere simul scientiam et opinionem  I.2 Utrum impressiones meteorologice fiant secundum naturam inordinatiorem quam sit natura celi  I.3 Utrum iste mundus inferior sit continuus lationibus superioribus ut virtus eius inde gubernetur  I.4 Utrum, cessante motu celi, cessarent motus in isto mundo inferiori  I.5 Utrum eedem opiniones infinities reiterentur  I.6 Utrum elementa sint continue proportionalia ad invicem  I.7 Utrum quatuor elementa semper et immutabiliter habeant eandem proportionem ad invicem  I.8 Utrum motus celi sit causa calefactionis ignis in sua spera et etiam aeris superioris  I.9 Utrum lumen sit productivum caloris  I.10 Utrum contrarium circumstans suum contrarium fortificet ipsum  I.11 Utrum semper media regio aeris sit frigida  I.12 Utrum omnium impressionum meteorologicarum vapor et exalatio fuerit principium materiale  I.13 Utrum impressiones ignite, seu ille que fiunt per inflammationem, fiant naturaliter in aere  I.14 Utrum de nocte, serenitate existente, debeant apparere hyatus et voragines et sanguinei colores in celo  I.15 Utrum cometa sit de natura celi vel elementari  I.16 Utrum cometa sit exalatio calida et inflammata  I.17 Utrum motus comete sit naturalis vel violentus  I.18 Utrum comete significent mortem principum, siccitatem et ventos et motus terre  I.19 Utrum galaxia sit de natura celi vel de natura elementari Liber II  II.1 Utrum locus generationis pluvie sit media regio aeris  II.2 Utrum ros et pruina, nix et pluvia, sint eiusdem speciei  II.3 Utrum grandines magis debeant generari in hieme quam in autumno  II.4 Utrum aqua calida applicata frigori congelanti citius congeletur quam aqua frigida  II.5 Utrum rubedo matutina sit signum pluvie  II.6 Utrum caligo sit signum pluvie future  II.7 Utrum aqua naturaliter ascendat ad orificia fontium  II.8 Utrum aque fontium generentur in terra  II.9 Utrum mare sit perpetuum vel aliquando fuerit factum  II.10 Utrum mare debeat fluere et refluere Appendix Bibliography Index codicum Index fontium Index rerum Index nominum antiquorum Index nominum modernorum

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Book SynopsisIn The Emergence of Pastoral Authority in the French Reformed Church, c.1555-c.1572, Gianmarco Braghi offers a broad overview of the issues and ambiguities connected to the implementation of the authority of the first generation of Geneva-trained French Reformed pastors and of their implications for the character and identity of the early French Reformed movement at large, using them as a prism for historical analysis of the transition from loose evangelicalism to a nascent synodal-consistorial network of Reformed congregations scattered across the kingdom of France.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Abbreviations Editorial Note Introduction 1 Time of Harvest: Informal Instruments of Pastoral Authority and the La Vau Affair in Poitiers ­(c.1555–1557)  1 Plural Influences on the French Reformation: Sebastian Castellio  2 The Evangelical Congregation of Poitiers and the Impact of Reformed Preaching  3 “Une zizanie mauvaise de discorde”: Jean Saint-Vertunien de La Vau  4 “Ils sont condamnés par eux-mêmes”: Dealing with Dissent in an Early Reformed Congregation 2 “Ceux qui s’y trouverent, sçavent”: A Meeting of Pastors in Paris (May 1559)  1 Prosecution of Heresy under the Reign of Henri II  2 The ‘First National Synod’ of 1559: Between Legend and History  3 Issues of Sources and the Anticipation of Reception 3 The ‘National Debut’ of the French Reformed Movement (c.1559–c.1561)  1 When All Hope is Gone: The Guise Rule and the Search for an ‘Outer Haven’  2 A Polyptych of Pamphlets: A Self-Confident and Assertive Rhetoric  3 The Colloquy of Poissy: Adjusting the Rhetoric for the ‘National Debut’ 4 The Institutional Turn: Negotiating the Limits of Pastoral Authority  1 The Confession de foi’s Model of Pastoral Authority  2 “On ne sçait pas celles qu’on doit adopter”: The Changing Forms and Limits of the Discipline ecclésiastique  3 A Litmus Test: The Aftermath of the La Vau Affair  4 An Appealing Preacher: Mathurin Sibelleau and the Congregation of Loudun  5 Inner and Outer Threats to Pastoral Authority 5 The Multiple Battlefields of Pastoral Authority: Quarrelsome Pastors and Scandalous Books in Lower Languedoc (c.1561–1563)  1 The Genevan System and French Reformed Practices of Book Censorship  2 The Evangelical Conventicle of Nîmes Turns Reformed  3 The Mauget-Mutonis Affair: The Teething Trouble of Pastoral Authority  4 Deploying Women and the Laity for Polemical Purposes: The Declaration du mystere, ou secret de Dieu 6 The Jean Morély Affair (c.1562–c.1572): Church Polity, Ecclesiastical Discipline, and the Authority of Pastors  1 The Early Career of an Itinerant Theologian  2 “Redime me à calumniis hominum”: Criticisms of Pastoral Authority in the Traicté de la discipline et police chrestienne (1562)  3 “Plus dangereux que les persecutions”: The Enduring Character of the Morély Affair 7 Questioning the Ministry of the Word of God: The ‘Double Conversion’ of a Reformed Pastor  1 The Rise and Fall of an Outstanding Minister  2 Conversion Narratives  3 “Historien de la faute detestable que i’ay commise”: Redemption Narratives Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisRecent research has established the continued importance of engagement with the classical tradition to the formation of scholarly, philosophical, theological, and scientific knowledge well into the eighteenth century. The Worlds of Knowledge and the Classical Tradition in the Early Modern Age is the first attempt to adopt a comparative approach to this phenomenon. An international team of scholars explores the differences and similarities – across time and place – in how the study and use of ancient texts and ideas shaped a wide range of fields: nascent classics, sexuality, chronology, metrology, the study of the soul, medicine, the history of Judaeo-Christian interaction, and biblical criticism. By adopting a comparative approach, this volume brings out some of the most important factors in explaining the contours of early modern intellectual life. Contributors: Karen Hollewand, Dmitri Levitin, Jan Machielsen, Ian Maclean, C. Philipp E. Nothaft, Cesare Pastorino, Michelle Pfeffer, Jetze Touber, Timothy Twining, and Floris Verhaart.Table of ContentsList of Figures  Introduction   Dmitri Levitin PART 1 Secular Classical Scholarship 1  National Traditions in Scholarship  The French and Dutch Schools of Classical Scholarship at the Turn of the Eighteenth Century   Floris Verhaart 2 Sex and the Classics  The Approaches of Early Modern Humanists to Ancient Sexuality   Karen Hollewand PART 2 The Arts 3 “Three Days and Three Nights in the Heart of the Earth”  Chronological Debates over the Period of Christ’s Rest in the Tomb in the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Centuries   C. Philipp E. Nothaft 4 The Early Modern Study of Ancient Measures in Comparative Perspective  A Preliminary Investigation   Cesare Pastorino 5 The Pentateuch and the Immortality of the Soul in England and the Dutch Republic  The Confessionalisation of a Claim   Michelle Pfeffer PART 3 Medicine 6 Sacred Medicine in Early Modern Europe   Jetze Touber 7 The Reception of Hippocrates by Physicians at the End of the Seventeenth Century  A Comparative Study   Ian Maclean PART 4 Theology 8 What’s in a Name? Essenes, Therapeutae, and Monks in the Christian Imagination, c.1500–1700   Jan Machielsen 9 Publishing a Prohibited Criticism  Richard Simon, Pierre Bayle, and Erudition in Late Seventeenth-Century Intellectual Culture   Timothy Twining 10 European Scholarship on the Formation of the New Testament Canon, c.1700  Polemic, Erudition, Emulation   Dmitri Levitin Index

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the notebooks of S. Belle, an astrologer who lived in late fifteenth-century France, as a case study of late medieval astrological practice. These notebooks combine astrological doctrine, a large collection of horoscopes, an almanac, and three complete judgements of nativities. By studying Belle’s methods, processes of learning, and practices, this book contributes to a better understanding of the internal architecture of astrology in the pre-modern world; this includes its techniques, methodologies, goals, transmission, and development throughout history. It offers an internalist view of the practice of astrology, as a counterpart to the existing research into astrology’s social and cultural impact.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Figures List of Tables 1 Introduction  1 On the Study of Astrological Documents  2 The Notebooks  3 Researching Fifteenth-Century Astrology  4 Belle’s Life and Work 2 Belle’s Workbooks  1 Lisbon, Torre do Tombo, MS 1711  2 Paris, BnF, nouvelles acquisitions latine 398  3 Designations and Norms 3 The Horoscopes  1 The Interrogations  2 The Technique 4 Revolutions of the Years of the World  1 Ingresses and Lunations  2 Lunations and Revolutions of the Year  3 Judging the World 5 The Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn  1 Jupiter-Saturn Conjunction of 1425 NAL 398 f. 80r: Composite Chart Drawn by Belle  2 Judging the World: Conjunctions 6 Nativities: Three Judgements  1 Jo. d.c.l. NAL 398 f. 93ra1 (Judgement in NAL 398 ff. 94ra–100vb): 17 December, 19:54 [16 December 1437, 09:47], France (Possibly Paris)  2 Full Moon Preceding the Nativity of Jo. d.c.l. NAL 398 f. 92r–12 December 1437, 20:30 (Possibly Paris)  3 Hubert NAL 398 f. 79va: 08 October 1260, 14:09, Florence, Italy (43°46′ N, 11°15′ E) [Correct Date: 09 October 1260, 03:32 AM]  4 Jo. Dap NAL 398 f. 85v: 04 November 1442, 1:20 PM, Paris Reconstructed from Belle’s Judgement (ff. 85ra–89vb)  5 Comparative Judgement of the Houses  6 The Art of Judgement 7 The Collection of Horoscopes  1 The Horoscopes in MS 1711  2 The Nativities in NAL 398  3 Collection Highlights 8 The Almanac (1468–1480)  1 The Tables: Contents  2 An Astrological Diary  3 Beyond Astrological Techniques Appendix 1: Additional Notes on the Length of Life  1 Calculating the hyleg  2 Ptolemy’s Variant for Calculation the hyleg  3 The alcocodem  4 Years of the Planets Appendix 2: Notes on the Manuscripts  1 MS 1711  2 NAL 398 Appendix 3: Maps and Genealogy Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisRenaissance Politics and Culture collects ten essays by eminent scholars in Renaissance studies to celebrate the life and work of Robert Black, who has made some of the most original and significant contributions to the history of the Renaissance. Reflecting his interdisciplinary interests and approaches, these essays analyze education, humanism, political thought, printing, and the visual arts during this key period in their development. Contributors: James R. Banker, Jérémie Barthas, Davide Baldi Bellini, Jane Black, Lorenz Böninger, Jonathan Davies, James Hankins, John Monfasani, John M. Najemy, and Brian Richardson.Table of ContentsPreface List of Figures Notes on Contributors Publications of Robert D. Black, 1973–2020 1 Robert Black: A Life of Scholarship  Jonathan Davies Part 1: Politics 2 The Problem of Succession for the Visconti and the Sforza  Jane Black 3 The Impuissant and Immoral City: George of Trebizond’s Critique of Plato’s Laws  John Monfasani 4 The Virtuous Republic of Francesco Patrizi of Siena  James Hankins 5 Cleomenes Redivivus: Machiavelli from The Prince to the Discourses  Jérémie Barthas 6 Machiavelli and Arezzo  John M. Najemy Part 2: Culture 7 Leon Battista Alberti as a Student of the Florentine University and the Priory of San Martino a Gangalandi (1429–1430)  Lorenz Böninger 8 The Gherardi Family of Borgo San Sepolcro and Piero della Francesca’s Williamstown Virgin and Child Enthroned with Four Angels  James R. Banker 9 Pier Vettori (1499–1585): Philologist and Professor  Davide Baldi Bellini 10 Print and Trust in Renaissance Italy  Brian Richardson Index

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Book SynopsisOn 9 July 1860 CE, an outbreak of violence in the inner-city Christian quarter of Damascus created shock waves locally and internationally. This book provides a step-by-step presentation of events and issues to assess the true role of all the players and shapers of events. It critically examines the internal and external politico-socio-economic factors involved and argues that economic interests rather than religious fanaticism were the main causes for the riot of 1860. Furthermore, it argues that the riot was not a sudden eruption but rather a planned and organised affair.Trade Review...[...] “It’s not often that a doctoral thesis can be so eminently readable and draw readers into the investigation as well as any whodunnit! Who was responsible and what were their motives? And why be interested in this subject today? …..We should be grateful to Dr Rana for such a convincing analysis of events in the 1860s which are still part of the collective memory of many Christians in Lebanon and Syria today.” [...] Rev Colin Chapman, The Centre for Muslim-Christian Studies, Oxford https://www.cmcsoxford.org.uk/resources/book-reviews/rana-abu-mounes-muslim-christian-relations-in-damascus-amid-the-1860-riot-brill-2022Table of ContentsList of Figures Introduction 1 Early Nineteenth-Century Damascus  1 Introduction  2 Geography  3 Religions, Ethnicities and Cultures  4 Politics  5 Military Forces  6 The City Quarters  7 Agriculture, Industry and Trade  8 Administration  9 Conclusion 2 The Impact of the Reform Schemes on Damascus  1 Introduction  2 The Pre-Tanzimat Period, 1832–1839  3 The Tanzimat Period, 1839–1876  4 Local Attitudes  5 Conclusion 3 The Impact of the Foreign Powers’ Intervention on Damascus during the Reform Period  1 Introduction  2 The Level of Intervention  3 The Impact on Local Society  4 Conclusion 4 The 1860 Riot in Damascus  1 Introduction  2 Prelude to the Riot  3 The Riot  4 The Circulation of Rumours  5 Local Perceptions of the Riot  6 Conclusion 5 The Ottoman Governor-General of Damascus, Ahmad Pasha, and the 1860 Riot  1 Introduction  2 The Role of Ahmad Pasha and the Regular Troops  3 Conclusion 6 The Notables of Damascus and the 1860 Riot  1 Introduction  2 The Role of the al-Aghawat and the Irregular Troops  3 The Role of the Notables  4 The Role of ʿAbd al-Qadir al-Jaza‌ʾiri  5 Conclusion 7 The Aftermath of the 1860 Riot in Damascus  1 Introduction  2 Foreign Responses  3 The Arrival of Fuʾad Pasha  4 Conclusion 8 The British–Ottoman Relations after the 1860 Riot in Damascus  1 Introduction  2 The British–Ottoman Relations after the Riot  3 The British Diplomats’ Perceptions of the Riot  4 Conclusion Conclusion Appendix 1: The Hatti Şerif of Gülhane Appendix 2: Sultan ʿAbdülmecid’s Hatti Hümayun Reaffirming the Privileges and Immunities of the Non-Muslim Communities Appendix 3: The Treaty of Peace (Paris) Terminating the Crimean War, with Pertinent Annexed Conventions Appendix 4: Convention on Measures for Pacifying Syria (and Lebanon): Austria, France, Great Britain, Prussia, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire Appendix 5: Letters Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisVolume 1 of the two-volume set MITS 56: In 1508, Johannes Trithemius, the Black Abbot, dedicated his Polygraphia, a treatise on writing in ciphers, to Emperor Maximilian I, personally handing over an elaborate autograph. Unlike the editio princeps, which was to be printed a decade later, the manuscript retains the arcane and mysterious tone of the bibliophile scholar’s earlier works on the subject. This book offers the first critical edition and translation of this first version, together with an extensive commentary illuminating the numerous obscure allusions, the impressive literary knowledge of its author, and the genesis of the mechanisms discussed.Table of ContentsAbbildungsnachweis Handschriften Drucke Die (Pseudo Autographen Recensio Editionsprinzipien Im kritischen Apparat verwendete Siglen Polygraphia Ioannis Tritemii  Ad imperatorem maximilianum  In polygraphiam Ioannis tritemii prefacio  Pinax tocius operis cuiuslibet libri contenta indicans  Liber primus  Liber secundus  Liber tercius  Liber quartus  Liber quintus  Liber sextus  Appendix i  Appendix ii

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Book SynopsisThe study of the Syriac magical traditions has largely been marginalised within Syriac studies, with the earliest treatments displaying a disparaging attitude towards both the culture and its magical practices. Despite significant progress in more recent scholarship in respect of the culture, its magical practices and their associated literatures remain on the margins of the scholarly imagination. This volume aims to open a discussion on the history of the field, to evaluate how things have progressed, and to suggest a fruitful way forward. In doing so, this volume demonstrates the incredible riches contained within the Syriac magical traditions, and the necessity of their study.Table of ContentsPreface List of Figures Notes on Contributors 1 Syriac Studies and Magic: An Introduction  Siam Bhayro and Marco Moriggi 2 Syriac Magic: An Overview of Previous Approaches and Prospects for the Future  Abigail Pearson 3 Syriac Magic and Medicine: A Near-Eastern Paradigm of Priestcraft  Siam Bhayro 4 Syriac Incantation Bowls and the Mesopotamian Context: A Glimpse into Christian-Jewish Cultural Interactions  Marco Moriggi 5 More on the ‘Book of Protection’ and the Syriac ‘Charms’: New Texts and Perspectives for the Study of Magic and Religion  Michael Zellmann-Rohrer 6 Traces of a Storied Universe: Biblical Figures and Motifs in Late-Antique Syriac Amulets  Nils H. Korsvoll 7 Soundings in the Textual History of Syriac Amulets  David Calabro 8 Syriac Magic and the Contemporary Christian Milieu: Continuity or Discontinuity?  Gaby Abousamra 9 A Mandaean Lamella and Its Parallels: BM 132957 + BM 132947 + BM 132954  Matthew Morgenstern and Ohad Abudraham Index of Subjects Index of Texts

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Book SynopsisPetra Schönemann-Behrens provides an informative review of the life and times of Alfred H. Fried (1864-1921), a significant if underappreciated German pacifist of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. In response to the militarism and international anarchy of the European states, Fried developed his unique notion of “revolutionary” or “scientific” pacifism, differentiating it from reform pacifism, in order to address the material causes of war. As theorist, practitioner, and journalist, Fried advanced radical ideas at the time: the formation of a pan-European union, the establishment of an effective international court of arbitration, the elimination of a secretive diplomatic class, and the expansion of international economic and cultural cooperation. This book is a translation of the German biography Alfred H. Fried: Friedensaktivist – Nobelpreisträger, published by Römerhof Verlag in 2011, and commemorates the 100th anniversary of Fried’s death.Table of ContentsForeword Preface Acknowledgments 1 Childhood and Youth  1 The Early Years  2 Apprenticeship with a Bookseller and Fried’s First Experiences of Pacifism 2 The Berlin Years 1884–1903  1 From Apprentice Bookseller to Publisher  2 Alfred H. Fried and Company  3 The Path to the Peace Movement  4 Experiments   4.1 Fried’s Hygienic Trash Collection and Removal Apparatus   4.2 The Self-Dating Envelope   4.3 An Election Atlas   4.4 Supplemental Encyclopedia  5 The Conference at The Hague 1899   5.1 The Founding of the Friedens-Warte in 1899  6 Consolidation Attempts around 1900   6.1 Esperanto  7 Flight from Berlin (1903) 3 The Vienna Years, 1903–1915  1 A Reluctant Return Home  2 Fried, von Suttner, and the Austrian Peace Society  3 Work as a Journalist to 1907  4 Impulses from the Hague  5 The Foundations of Revolutionary Pacifism, 1908  6 Integration and Recognition  7 The Association of International Understanding  8 Nobel Peace Prize in 1911 and Honorary Doctorate in 1913  9 Before the Great War 4 In Swiss Exile 1914/15–1919  1 The Move to Berne  2 1916: In the Crossfire of the Critics  3 Swiss Exile from 1917 to the End of the War  4 After the War – the Final Months in Switzerland 5 Everywhere a Foreigner  1 Back to Vienna, via Munich  2 Final Works and Plans  3 Obituaries and Testimonials 6 Survivors and Successors  1 Therese Fried  2 Fried and German Pacifism after 1921 7 Die Friedens-Warte  1 The First Years 1899–1904  2 Consolidation Phase 1904–1909  3 Period of Growth, 1910–1914  4 War Censorship and the Path into Exile  5 Die Friedens-Warte in Swiss Exile  6 The Friedens-Warte after the War, 1918–1919  7 The Conflict over Succession, 1921–1924  8 The Friedens-Warte under Hans Wehberg, 1924 – 1962  9 A New Beginning in 1974 Epilogue Appendix 1: To my beloved wife Appendix 2: Program of Revolutionary Pacifism, 1908 Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe EU today is at a crossroads: either it becomes a great supranational union or it goes back to being an array of separate independent states. Alberto Martinelli and Alessandro Cavalli draw a grand fresco of the society in which the European Union is taking shape. Long-term social and cultural trends and main current developments in economics and politics are synthetically outlined. Key questions of identity and nationalism, immigration and inequality, welfare and economic governance, are thoroughly analysed. Main cleavages, conflicts of interest and different visions of member states, as well as institutional reforms and crisis management strategies are critically discussed. A detailed proposal for advancing the process of political integration concludes the volume.Table of Contents Tables and Figures  Introduction  1The European Identity  1 Preface: Identity and Identification  2 One or Many European Identities?  3 Rationalism and Individualism/Subjectivity  4 University and Scientific Research, Market Capitalism and Industrial Enterprise, Nation State and Polyarchic Democracy  5 An Unusual and Controversial Identity  6 Changes in the Content of European Identity and the Perception of their Meaning  7 How European Citizens’ Identification with Europe has Changed  8 Identity Techniques  9 The Renewed Relevance of the European Project  2 Nationalism  1 Nationalism as the Ideology of the Modern State  2 The Double Matrix of European Nationalism and Its Relationship with Democracy  3 Main Alternatives to the Modernist Approach  4 Nationalism in the First Decades of the 21st Century  5 Nationalism and the Contradictions of European Integration  6 Main Causes of the National/Populist Upsurge in Contemporary Europe  3 Languages  1 The Distant Past  2 The Recent Past  3 Multilingualism and Plurilingualism: Europe’s Inevitable Future  4 The Linguistic Policies of the EU  5 English as Lingua Franca  6 Languages and the Culture Industry  4 Religion and Religions  1 A Look at the Past  2 Rationalization, Modernization, and Secularization  3 Europe and America – A Comparison  4 The Return of Religiousness in New Forms  5 Contemporary Fundamentalism  6 Migration and Religious Pluralism  7 Religious Pluralism and Cosmopolitanism  5 The Universities  1 Introduction  2Studium Generale in the Middle Ages  3 The Universities on the Threshold of the Modern Age  4 The Birth of the Scientific Societies  5 University Models in the Age of the Nation States  6 From University for the Elites to University for the Masses  7 The Changing Relationship between Teaching and Research  8 Current Tendencies: Where Are European Universities Going?  6 The Cities  1 From the Ancient City to the Medieval City  2 State and Industry during the Formation of the Modern City  3 The Contemporary European City  7 Population and Family Structures  1 How Many Europeans Are There and How Many Will There Be?  2 Household Units and Family Structures  3 Declining Birth Rates  4 Couples, Families, and Reproductive Decisions  5 Fewer People Die and Live Longer  6 Social Policies for the Family  8 Internal and External Migrations  1 A Challenge (Also) to the Sense of Identity  2 The Europe as an Area of Emigration and of Immigration  3 Internal and External Migrations to the EU  4 The Reasons and Causes of Migration  5 The Migration Emergency of 2015 and Subsequent Years  6 Models and Ways of Integration  7 Stages and Obstacles in the Admissions/Integration Process  8 Xenophobic Movements and Welcoming Culture  9 Necessity of and Obstacles to a European Migration Policy  9 The Dimensions of Inequality  1 Rich and Poor People in Rich and Poor Countries  2 Dualism and Territorial Inequalities  3 Beyond Economic Inequalities in the EU  4 Conclusion  10 The Political-Institutional Architecture of the European Union  1 The EU as an Example of Bold Institutional Innovation  2 The Main Phases of European Integration  3 The Basic Institutions of the European Union  4 EU Decision-making  11 Parties, Elections, Pressure Groups  1 Transnational Party Federations  2 Transnational Party Federations and European Parliament Party Groups  3 The 2019 Elections of the European Parliament: Voter Turnout  4 The 2019 Elections of the European Parliament: Results and Recognized Party Groups  5 EP Elections Results in the Largest EU Member Countries  6 President Ursula von der Leyen’s Programme Priorities and the Composition of the New Commission  7 Interest Groups and Pressure Politics  12 The European Welfare State  1 Welfare and the European Social Model  2 Welfare State Models  3 Challenges Confronting the European Welfare State  4 The European Social Model as Common Core of European Welfare Systems  5 The Three Phases of European Welfare  6 The Effects of the Global Financial Crisis and the Reaction of European Welfare Regimes  7 The Critics from Opposite Sides  8 The Reformers: The Social Investment Approach  9 The Open Method of Coordination  10 Conclusion  13 The European Economy  1 Unity and Diversity of the European Economy  2 European Economic Development since the Start of the Integration Process  3 The 1970s Regime Change in the World Economy  4 The EU in the Global Market  5 The Choice of the Euro  14 The Global Financial Crisis  1 An Interpretation of the Global Financial Crisis  2 The Financial-Economic Crisis in the EU and the Predominance of the Intergovernmental Regime of Decision-making  3 The Stages of the EU Exit Strategy  4 The Crucial Role of the European Central Bank  5 Fiscal Stringency and a Difficult Return to Economic Growth  Conclusion  1 External Constraints, Internal Cleavages, and Reform of the European Union  2 Amending the Treaties  3 Reform Proposals under Existing Treaties  4 Key Decisions for Moving Forward a Greater Union  Afterword  Bibliography  Index

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Book SynopsisThis is the first biography of Barbara of Cilli (1392-1451), Hungarian, Roman-German and Bohemian queen through her marriage to King and later Emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg (1368-1437). While Emperor Sigismund has enjoyed substantial historical attention, Barbara has remained in his shadow, despite her significant political, economic, and cultural influence. Barbara’s image is still preserved today as the "Black Queen" or the "German Messalina". She has been transformed into a mystical or even demonic figure in folklore – a prime example of the creation and functioning of historical stereotypes – yet as a historical figure she emerges as an influential and exceptional queen.

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Book SynopsisJohn Neville Figgis, CR (1866-1919) was a brilliant Anglican theologian, historian, political thinker and preacher; he was also a monk. This volume of a dozen freshly commissioned essays by eminent scholars retrieves, expounds and critiques his thought and relates it to the culturally pluralist theological, ethical and political situation in which we find ourselves in the twenty-first century. Although Figgis’ significance is widely acknowledged by scholars, little has been written about him. Figgis has an uncontested place in Anglican and Episcopal thought and is overdue for a concerted study of the many facets of his work and importance.Table of ContentsForeword Preface Notes on Contributors John Neville Figgis: A Timeline of His Life and Major Publications 1 The Life and Death of John Neville Figgis, C.R.  Mark D. Chapman 2 Figgis as a Public Intellectual  Peter Sedgwick 3 Figgis and the Religious Roots of Modern Conservatism  Jeremy Morris 4 The Figgistorians or Anti-Whig Historians of Political Thought  James Alexander 5 ‘My Kingdom is not of this World’: J. N. Figgis and the Politics of England’s Religious Past  Robert G. Ingram 6 The Ecclesiology of John Neville Figgis, C.R.  Paul Avis 7 Figgis and Nietzsche on Freedom, Authority, and Pluralism  Andrew Grosso 8 John Neville Figgis and William Temple: A Common Tradition of Anglican Social Thought?  Stephen Spencer 9 Without Privilege, without Prejudice: The Resurgence of Religion and the Dilemmas of Secular Liberalism  Elaine Graham 10 Figgis, Families, and Synodality  Ephraim Radner 11 The Road Not Taken: Figgis, Subsidiarity, and Catholic Social Teaching  William T. Cavanaugh 12 Brother Neville: Figgis the Monk  Thomas Seville, CR Index

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Book SynopsisThe Libri Feudorum (the ‘books of fiefs’) are the earliest written body of feudal customs in Europe, codified in northern Italy c.1100-1250, which gave rise to feudal law as a branch of civil law. Their role in shaping modern ideas of feudalism has aroused an intense debate among medievalists, leading to deep re-thinking of the ‘feudal’ vocabulary and categories. This book offers an up-to-date English translation with a working Latin text introduced by a historical and historiographical overview of the Libri, thereby providing a valuable tool to understanding the long-standing importance of this collection over nine centuries of European history.Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1 The Libri feudorum in Modern Historiography 2 The Formation of the Libri feudorum and Its Context  1 Before the Libri feudorum: Milan and Lombardy in the Eleventh Century  2 The Early Tracts (c. 1100–1136)  3 Fiefs and Vassals at the Time of the antiqua  4 The Romanisation of the Fief: Obertus de Orto and the antiqua  5 The Intermediate Recension Known as ardizzoniana  6 The Accursian Recension and the vulgata  7 The capitula extraordinaria 3 The Afterlife of the Libri feudorum  1 The Libri feudorum and the ius commune from the Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century  2 The Libri feudorum in Late Medieval and Early Modern France  3 The Libri feudorum and Feudalism: Open Questions 4 Notes to Translation Libri feudorum, compilatio vulgata: Book 1 Libri feudorum, compilatio vulgata: Book 2 Appendix 1: Capitula Extraordinaria Iacobi de Ardizone Appendix 2: Capitula Extraordinaria Baraterii Appendix 3: Edictum de beneficiis Regni Italici Appendix 4: Synoptic Table Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisPremodern architecture and built environments were fluid spaces whose configurations and meanings were constantly adapting and changing. The production of transitory meaning transpired whenever a body or object moved through these dynamic spaces. Whether spanning the short duration of a procession or the centuries of a building’s longue durée, a body or object in motion created in-the-moment narratives that unfolded through time and space. The authors in this volume forge new approaches to architectural studies by focusing on the interaction between monuments, artworks, and their viewers at different points in space and time. Contributors are Christopher A. Born, Elizabeth Carson Pastan, Nicole Corrigan, Gillian B. Elliott, Barbara Franzé, Anne Heath, Philip Jacks, Divya Kumar-Dumas, Brigitte Kurmann-Schwarz, Ashley J. Laverock, Susan Leibacher Ward, Elodie Leschot, Meghan Mattsson McGinnis, Michael Sizer, Kelly Thor, and Laura J. Whatley.Trade Review'Art, Architecture, and the Moving Viewer, c. 300-1500 CE offers the readers a thoughtfully curated series of fifteen essays that explore holistic approaches to medieval spaces as they may have been experienced by contemporaries of various social classes over time. Through the agency of “the moving viewer,” the chapters yoke symbolic readings of spaces, artwork, and architecture in settings ranging from an intimate side chapel to an immense rock-mound mesa [...] the volume’s editors and chapter authors succeed in bringing provocative discoveries to the global readership of medievalists in art, architectural, and spatial history. It is a collection that supports and extends research into the nuances and details of cultural reception theory and, perhaps further along, into the neurological understanding of medieval environments.' Kim Sexton, in The Medieval Review 23.05.06.Table of ContentsList of Figures Notes on Contributors Unfolding Narratives: An Introduction  Gillian B. Elliott and Anne Heath PART 1: Moving Bodies in Space and Narrative 1 Seeing and Not Seeing the Rose Window of Lausanne Cathedral  Elizabeth Carson Pastan and Brigitte Kurmann-Schwarz 2 Engaging the Beholder through Image and Inscription in the 13th-Century Stained-Glass Window of St. Margaret of Antioch at Ardagger Abbey  Ashley J. Laverock 3 Circulating among Friends: Mary Magdalene, Martha, and Lazarus and the Pilgrimage to the Holy Tear at the Abbey of La Trinité, Vendôme  Anne Heath PART 2: Topography and Politicizing Space 4 Written in Stone: Recovering the Magical Role of the locus sanctus in the Medieval Life of San Millán de la Cogolla  Kelly Thor 5 Reading Architecture in Landscape: Visitor Reflections at a Mirror Wall (Sigiriya, Sri Lanka)  Divya Kumar-Dumas 6 A Holy Hole, Anglo-Saxon Bones, and a Jerusalem Chapel: Redefining Sacred Geography at Winchester Cathedral in the 12th Century  Laura J. Whatley 7 Theatrum Paulli or Balneum Paulli: Interpreting the Markets of Trajan in the Middle Ages and Renaissance  Philip Jacks PART 3: Spatial Alteration and Reception 8 Transformation at the Garden Gate: The Romanesque Parapets of San Pietro al Monte in Civate  Gillian B. Elliott 9 Between Universal and Local Practices: The Unfolding Narrative of the Resurrection of the Christ and Its Public in the Wide-Open Galilee at the Priory of St. Fortunatus, Charlieu  Elodie Leschot 10 From Mosque-Cathedral to Gothic Cathedral: Rewriting and Rebuilding in Medieval Toledo  Nicole Corrigan 11 Change Unchanging: Mediating the Sacred Spaces of Ise Grand Shrines over Time  Christopher A. Born PART 4: Assembly and Space 12 On the Road to the Great Hof: Moving through Space and Time at Old Uppsala  Meghan Mattsson McGinnis 13 Abbot Gauzlin’s Tower Porch in Fleury (c.1015–30): A Social Narrative in Favor of the Capetians  Barbara Franzé 14 The South Portal at the Cathedral of Le Mans as a Processional Objective  Susan Leibacher Ward 15 Storming the Palace: Crowd Incursions into Aristocratic Spaces in Medieval Revolts  Michael Sizer Conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisWinner of the 2022 Nordic History Book Award Despite its failure as a political mobilizer, Scandinavism as a cultural movement would have a great impact on national consciousness-raising in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden by stressing common ethnolinguistic, mythological and historical roots. This cultural vision is traced in 'the Long 19th Century’, specifically in its interactions and overlaps with the various nationally specific manifestations of cultural nationalism. Through an in-depth analysis of an extensive corpus of cultural products – ranging from novels and poetry to public commemorations, painting and street name signs – this book demonstrates that cultural Scandinavism was successful in forging a common pan-Scandinavian identity that supplemented and strengthened national-identity formation in the three nationalities it aimed to unify. See inside the book.Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgements List of Figures, Graphs and Tables Introduction Part 1: Imagining Scandinavia Introduction 1 The Mythology Debates I The Copenhagen Question of 1800 2 The Mythology Debates II Discord at the Geatish Society 3 The Mythology Debates III Finnur Magnússon vs. the Baden Brothers Part 2: Cultivating Scandinavia Introduction 4 Sociability: Creating a Scandinavian Public Sphere 5 Language: (No) Translations, Spelling Reform, and Education 6 Textual Culture: Creating a Collective Historical Identity for Scandinavia 7 Visual Culture: Perennial Brotherhood and Visual Silences 8 Performative Culture and Commemorations: Scandinavia Embodied? Part 3: Challenging Scandinavia Introduction 9 Articulating Norwegian Identity with and against Scandinavia 10 Norwegian History for the Norwegians! Reclaiming Norse Antiquity and the 400-Year Night 11 Appropriating Tordenskjold On the Flexibility of Sites of Memory Part 4: Ambient Scandinavia Introduction 12 Still Latent? Scandinavian History in Literature High and Low 13 History in the Streets Scandinavia at Street Level? 14 A Valkyrie in the Park City Planning, Tourism Marketing, and Old Norse Sculpture By Way of Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisVolume 2 of the two-volume set MITS 56: In 1508, Johannes Trithemius, the Black Abbot, dedicated his Polygraphia, a treatise on writing in ciphers, to Emperor Maximilian I, personally handing over an elaborate autograph. Unlike the editio princeps, which was to be printed a decade later, the manuscript retains the arcane and mysterious tone of the bibliophile scholar’s earlier works on the subject. This book offers the first critical edition and translation of this first version, together with an extensive commentary illuminating the numerous obscure allusions, the impressive literary knowledge of its author, and the genesis of the mechanisms discussed.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains twenty essays on Italian Renaissance humanism, universities, and Jesuit education by one of its most distinguished living historians, Paul. F. Grendler. The first section of the book opens with defining Renaissance humanism, followed by explorations of biblical humanism and humanistic education in Venice. It concludes with essays on two pioneering historians of humanism, Georg Voigt and Paul Oskar Kristeller. The middle section discusses Italian universities, the sports played by university students, a famous law professor, and the controversy over the immortality of the soul. The last section analyzes Jesuit education: the culture of the Jesuit teacher, the philosophy curriculum, attitudes toward Erasmus and Juan Luis Vives, and the education of a cardinal. This volume collects Paul Grendler's most recent research (published and unpublished), offering to the reader a broad fresco on a complex and crucial age in the history of education.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Illustrations Abbreviations Introduction part 1 Humanism 1 Humanism: Ancient Learning, Criticism, Schools, and Universities  1 The Historiography of Humanism  2 Classical Learning and Criticism  3 Schools and Universities 2 Georg Voigt: Historian of Humanism  1 Education and Career  2 Die Wiederbelebung  3 Influence  4 Conclusion 3 Italian Biblical Humanism and the Papacy 1515–1535  1 Four Christian Hebraists  2 Two Curial Cardinals  3 The Role of the Papacy  4 Conclusion 4 Education in the Republic of Venice  1 Medieval Background  2 The Renaissance Expansion of Schooling  3 Catholic Reformation Schooling  4 The Reforms of the 1770s  5 Jewish Schooling  6 Conclusion 5 The Humanistic Gymnasium from Humboldt to Kristeller  1 Bildung and the Humanistic Gymnasium  2 Paul Oskar Kristeller at the Mommsen Gymnasium  3 Conclusion part 2 Universities 6 Paul Oskar Kristeller on Renaissance Universities  1 Early Interest in Universities  2 Publications 1945 through 1956  3 A Book on the “Intellectual History of the Italian Universities to 1600”  4 “The Curriculum of the Italian Universities”  5 Debates with Other Scholars  6 Theology in Italian Universities  7 The University of Heidelberg  8 Other Studies  9 Conclusion 7 Studies on the Italian Universities of the Renaissance An Unpublished Work of Paul Oskar Kristeller. Introduced and Edited by Paul F. Grendler 8 Italian Universities and War 1494–1630  1 The University of Pavia and War  2 The Movements of Professors and Students Because of War  3 Conclusion 9 Gasparo Contarini and the University of Padua 10 Fencing, Playing Ball, and Dancing in Italian Renaissance Universities  1 The Students  2 Lo scolare of Annibale Roero  3 Fencing  4 Playing Ball  5 Dancing  6 Conclusion 11 On the Causes of the Greatness and Magnificence of Italian Universities  1 Conclusion 12 Giacomo Antonio Marta: Antipapal Lawyer and English Spy 1609–1618  1 Civil and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction  2 A Spy for James I  3 The Supplicatio ad Imperatorem … Contra Paulum Quintum  4 Conclusion 13 Apostolici Regiminis Sollicitudo: Italian Preachers Defend the Immortality of the Soul  1 Apostolici Regiminis Sollicitudo  2 The Italian University Response  3 Preachers Against False Philosophy: Cornelio Musso  4 Franceschino Visdomini and Girolamo Seripando  5 Francesco Panigarola  6 Conclusion part 3 Jesuit Education 14 Laínez and the Schools in Europe  1 Before 1556  2 Growth of the Schools  3 The Teacher Shortage  4 The Schools Are the Most Important Ministry  5 The Formula for Accepting Colleges  6 Other Actions  7 Conclusion 15 Philosophy in Jesuit Schools and Universities  1 The Development of the Philosophical Cursus  2 Teachers and Schools  3 Conflicts with Universities 16 The Culture of the Jesuit Teacher 1548–1773  1 All Jesuits Will Teach  2 Leader and Manager of the Classroom  3 The Culture of Competition  4 Jesuit Civic Humanism  5 Teacher of the Elite  6 The Jesuit Teacher Cares for Poor and Weak Students  7 Conclusion 17 The Attitudes of the Jesuits toward Juan Luis Vives  1 Ignatius of Loyola and Vives  2 After Ignatius  3 Conclusion 18 The Attitudes of the Jesuits toward Erasmus  1 Should Jesuit Schools Teach the Works of Erasmus?  2 The Generalate of Diego Laínez 1556–1565  3 After the Indexes  4 The Final Destination of the Works of Erasmus  5 Conclusion 19 Fifteenth-Century Catechesis, the Schools of Christian Doctrine, and the Jesuits  1 Youth Confraternities Teaching Christian Doctrine in the Fifteenth Century  2 Fifteenth-Century Catechisms  3 The Milanese Schools of Christian Doctrine  4 The Missing Jesuits  5 Jesuit Catechesis  6 Conclusion 20 The Jesuit Education of Benedetto Pamphilj at the Collegio Romano Index 495

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Book SynopsisThe Ma‘asé-Ester, “Esther’s affairs”, is a 14th-century Judeo-Provençal poem on the story of Esther, intended for a recital during the banquet for Purim. The short poem – recently discovered in the single manuscript that preserves it – is a new precious document that enriches a small corpus of medieval Judeo-Provençal texts. This book offers the first critical edition of the complete text accompanied by a detailed study of the sources and the language. It guides us in understanding why the story of Esther became such a popular theme in 14th-century Provence, and in what way the Avignon Papacy and the studies on Moses Maimonides influenced this literary novelty.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements Editor’s Note Introduction  1 Judeo-Provençal Texts on Queen Esther: Dates and Context  2 Narrating Purim in Medieval Provence: Wine Songs and Prayers  3 Esther, an Inspirational Example of Provençal Jews  4 Roman d’ Esther: Text, Author, Audience  5 Biblical Inspiration and Jewish Themes  6 Romanz and Romance Themes  7 The Omniscient Author, the Modernization and the Irony  8 Maʿasé-Ester or “Esther’s Affairs”  9 Text, Content and Style  10 Metrical Structure  11 Between Oral Tradition and Authorial Rearrangement  12 A Text in Search of an Author The Maʿasé-Esther: Text and Commentary 1 The Text 2 Alterations in the Manuscript 3 Maʿasé-Esther  1 Text  2 Notes to the Text 4 Linguistic Study  1 Phonetics: Vocalism  2 Phonetics: Consonantism  3 Morphology  4 Syntax  5 Vocabulary 5 Glossary of Provençal Terms 6 Glossary of Hebrew Terms 7 Transcription of the Manuscript Text 8 Transcription in Latin Letters 9 The Codex unicus  1 The ms. Rome, Casanatense 3140  2 Physical Description of the Manuscript and the Scripts  3 Structure  4 State of Preservation  5 Decorations, Notes and Annotations to the Text  6 A Composite Manuscript  7 Story of a Book and of the Person Who Wrote it  8 Watermarks  9 Ms. Rome, Casanatense 3140: Photo-Reproductions of Fols. 190v–192r Bibliography Index of Special Terms

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Book SynopsisReligious figures of remembrance served to consolidate first dynastic rule and later nation-state legitimacy and community. This book explains the interweaving of (Eastern) Roman, medieval Serbian and Bulgarian contexts as well as Ottoman and Western European national discourses or reinvented traditions. We can distinguish a secularization and nationalization of the religious contexts in the 19th century within historicism, followed by a nationalization of God and a sacralization of the nation until the end of WWII. Contrary to the national views, the origins of the modern content of these discourses lie only to a very limited extent in the Middle Ages or in the Early Modern period, as this study shows. Please note, this is volume 2 of a 2-volume set. Click here to see volume 1.Table of ContentsList of Figures Volume 1 1 Introduction  1 Historiographical Context, Question, and Outline  2 State of Research  3 Sources 2 Holy Teachers, Rulers, and Capitals – Religious Memory-Figures up to the 18th Century  1 “Educators and Teachers of the Slavs” Constantine-Cyril and Methodius  2 Scholars, Patron Saints, and Miracle Workers – Clement of Ohrid and Naum  3 Saints as Pillars of Bulgarian Rule in the New City of the Tsars  4 Excursus: Ioakim, Gavriil, and Prohor – Slavic-Byzantine Saints between Bulgarian and Serbian Dominion  5 Holy Rulers of Rascia or Serbia  6 “Pro patria mori” – The Battle of the Field of Blackbirds, Lazar, and St. Vitus’s Day  7 Serbian and Bulgarian Holy Princes of the Church  8 Holy Branković Despots – The Continued Invention of the Holy Dynasty in Hungary  9 Review – Religious Memory-Figures up to the 18th Century as Media of Homogeneous “National Denominational Cultures”? 3 The Invention of European, Christian Nations to Overcome the “Asian Yoke” in the Long 19th Century  1 Clergy as National Saints: Sava’s Ascent to “Savior” and “New Creator”  2 Clergy as National Saints: Ivan as “the Only All-National Saint” and His Monastery of Rila  3 Clergy as National Saints: The Rediscovery of Cyril and Methodius as “Geniuses” between Transnational Pan-Slavism and Nationalism  4 Clergymen as National Saints: From Archbishop and “Ohridian Babalŭk” to “Savior of Slavdom” and “Smith of the Bulgarian Nationality” – Clement in Ohrid and Bulgaria  5 The Controversial National Myth – the Battle of the Blackbird Field and St. Vitus’s Day as National Myth Nexus  6 Holy Serbian Rulers – Stefan the First-Crowned and the Other Nemanjids in Sava’s Shadow  7 Holy Bulgarian Rulers – Boris as “Creator of the Bulgarian Nationality”  8 The “Bulgarian God,” the Serbian “Holy Land,” as Well as Monasteries and Regions – Spatial Designs through Religious-National Memory  9 Interim Assessment Volume 2 4 Mobilization and Sacralization of the Nation through Religious Remembrance (1918–1944)  1 From Myth to “Ideology” – the Field of Blackbirds and Vidovdan in the SHS State  2 Clergy as National Saints: The Discursive and Geographical Expansion of Sava’s Cult in the “Battle of Ideologies”  3 Cleric as National Saint: Clement between Serbia, Macedonia, and Bulgaria  4 Clerics as National Saints: Cyril and Methodius  5 John of Rila’s Holiday as the “Day of the National Awakeners”  6 Clergymen as National Saints: The “Holy Leader” Ivan of Rila and His Monastery  7 Holy Ruler – Boris as the “God-Sent Leader”  8 Holy Rulers – the Karađorđević family in the Nemanjids’ Footsteps?  9 “Holy Homeland” and National Gods – Bulgaria, Serbia, and Macedonia as Religious-National Spaces of Remembrance  10 Interim Assessment 5 Conclusion  1 Transethnic Missionaries, Miracle Workers, Tsarist Cities, and Dynasties – Religious Memory-Figures in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Era  2 Religious Memory-Figures between Politics and Nation – Setting the Course in the “Long 19th Century”  3 Religious Memory-Figures as Media of the Blueprints of Modern Mass Societies and the Sacralization of the Nation (1918–1944)  4 Recapitulation within the European Framework  5 Religious Memory-Figures in a Diachronic View between “longue durée” and Discontinuity  6 Outlook Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the historical evolution of a Mediterranean village that radically changed its core self-sustaining activities in less than a century, from fishing for anchovies in the Ligurian Sea to rounding Cape Horn. Drawing on a vast set of unpublished archival sources, this book addresses a micro-historical subject to investigate macro-historical processes, including the technological transition from sail to steam and globalization. At the core of the book lie Camogli’s rise in the world shipping industry and the transformations that occurred in its maritime labor system; seaborne trade, maritime routes, individual careers in seafaring represent the vivid elements that contribute to the book’s dive into the nineteenth-century maritime world.Table of ContentsForeword  Bernard Spolsky List of Figures and Maps Notes on Contributors Introduction  Michael M. Kretzer and Russell H. Kaschula 1 A Comparative Analysis of Language Policy and Planning in the SADC-Region  Russell H. Kaschula and Michael M. Kretzer 2 Language Education Policy and Portuguese Dominant Ideology in Angola: Historical Processes, Discourses and Impacts  Nicolau Nkiawete Manuel 3 Language in Education Policy in Botswana: Some Critical Issues  Andy Monthusi Chebanne 4 ShiKomori, the Bantu Language of the Comoros: Status and Perspectives  Mohamed Ahmed Chamanga 5 Native Languages of the Democratic Republic of Congo  Helena Lopez Palma 6 Language Policy in Eswatini: Challenges in a Globalised World  Owen G. Mordaunt and Paul Williams 7 Language as a Kennel and Husk of the African Philosophy: The Case of Lesotho  Mosisili Sebotsa and Khahliso Mahula 8 Language and Education in Madagascar: Ideological Conflicts and Implementation Challenges  Penelope Howe 9 The Prevailing Sociolinguistic and Socio-political Realities in Malawi and Their Implications on Language Policy  Joshua Kumwenda and Michael M. Kretzer 10 Pluralism without Inclusion: The Case of Mauritius, a Linguistically Diverse Diasporic Small Island Developing State (SID)  Nita Rughoonundun-Chellapermal 11 Shifting from ‘Uncivilized’ People’s Languages to Ordinary People’s Languages: An Overview of Past and Current Practices in Mozambique’s Language-in-Education Policy  Eliseu Mabasso 12 Multilingual Education Policy for Namibia: A Case for Endangered Indigenous Languages  Sarala Krishnamurthy 13 Using, ‘Kreol Seselwa’, the Seychellois Creole Language to Strengthen Connections between the Government, Public Entities, Educational Institutions and Beyond  Marie Flora Ben David and Michael M. Kretzer 14 Legal Regulations, Obstacles and Current Developments in the Language Policy of the Republic of South Africa  Michael M. Kretzer and Russell H. Kaschula 15 The Ambivalent Language-in-Education Policy of Tanzania with Specific Reference to Kiswahili  Birgit Brock-Utne and Mwajuma Vuzo 16 No English but English: The Case of Language Policy and Planning in Zambia  Sande Ngalande and Bandana Sinha Kumar 17 Ergonyms as Material Complementing Language Policy for Education outside the Classroom in Zimbabwe  Liketso Dube Index

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