History and Archaeology Books

Book SynopsisBefore he was a writer, Miguel de Cervantes was a soldier. Enlisting in the Spanish infantry in 1570, he fought at the battle of Lepanto, was seized at sea and held captive by Algerian corsairs, and returned to Spain with a deep knowledge of military life. He understood the costs of heroism, the fragility of fame, and the power of the military culture of brotherhood.In Heroic Forms, Stephen Rupp connects Cervantes’s complex and inventive approach to literary genre and his many representations of early modern warfare. Examining Cervantes’s plays and poetry as well as his prose, Rupp demonstrates how Cervantes’s works express his perceptions of military life and how Cervantes interpreted the experience of war through the genres of the era: epic, tragedy, pastoral, romance, and picaresque fiction.Trade Review‘Rupp’s book is original, thought provoking, and will make a significant contribution to the criticism of Cervantes’s literature on the topic of war and heroism.’ -- Eduardo Olid Guerrero * Hispania vol 99:02:2016 *‘Rupp’s book is a very solid, innovative, and intriguing study of Cervantes’s contributions to advances in genre development through the lens of a specific and very relevant topic that proves quite elucidating.’ -- Susan Byrne * Renaissance Quarterly vol 69:01:2016 *‘A superb contribution to early modern Spanish studies… Rupp’s approach offers rich, thought-provoking, unique perspectives… Highly recommended.’ -- E.H. Friedman * Choice vol 52:08:2015 *"This book contributes to the field by providing a unique cross-genre approach to Cervantes’ representation of warfare and heroism. Rupp’s analysis accurately portrays the conflictive readings of Cervantes’ characters, as well as his uneasy relationship with conventional literary form." -- Aaron M. Kahn, University of Sussex * Bulletin of Spanish Studies *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Note on Texts and Translations Introduction 1 Warriors: Epic and Tragedy 2 Defenders: Pastoral and Satire 3 Captains and Saints: Lyric and Romance 4 Soldiers and Sinners: Picaresque Conclusion Notes Works Cited Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisJacques Rossi is one of Stalin’s most well-known victims. Author of The Gulag Handbook, a fascinating encyclopedia of the Soviet forced labor camps, Rossi spent twenty years in interrogation, prison, and Gulag detention. Born to a prominent Polish father and French mother, the young Jacques became attracted to communism as a blueprint for radical social reform. He spent years in the communist underground in interwar Europe, agitating for the revolution, but he was arrested during Stalin’s Great Purges in 1937. This book represents a conversation between Jacques Rossi and Michèle Sarde, professor emerita at Georgetown University, and weaves together personal reflections and historical analysis. Rossi’s remarkable life (19092004) spanned the twentieth century and sheds important light on the tumultuous history of Europe the appeal of communism in the interwar period and beyond, the mentality of party members, the effects of mass repression, everydayTrade Review"Jacques Rossi stands perhaps second only to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in his contributions to our anthropological understanding of the Gulag […] Rossi’s detailed descriptions of Gulag life near Norilsk, from intimate portraits of fellow prisoners to an analysis of whether a damaged can or a hat was better for receiving one’s soup ration, are endlessly fascinating." -- Jeffrey S. Hardy, Brigham Young University * The Russian Review *"The keen observations and reflections of a highly intelligent and educated man, committed to social justice." -- Katherine R. Jolluck, Stanford University * Journal of Modern History *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Meeting Part One: Before 1. Never again 2. The established order 3. The future of the worldwide proletariat is more important than one’s career! 4. Fugitive 5. Secret agent 6. Let them stuff themselves with caviar! They won’t grow old! 7. Early indications of an announced arrest 8. The trap Part Two: During 9. From the dog house to the train station 10. We don’t torture foreigners 11. Confess, filthy fascist! 12. On interrogations 13. Daily life at the Butyrka Prison 14. The story of a blind man and coffee with milk 15. The verdict: now we’re going to put into practice Marxist-Leninist theory 16. Destination unknown 17. Transit. May your memory be your only travel bag! 18. An operatic voice on the Yenisei 19. Dudinka: the end of the world 20. The polar night 21. Surviving 22. Yes I am a communist and you are too; only between us there is barbed wire 23. How Jacques, the Frenchman ceased to be a communist 24. The friends of the people 25. Continuing in spite of oneself 26. The rebel: the first hunger strike 27. In the central prison of Alexandrovsk 28. The beginning of the end 29. “I Choose Samarkand” 30. “But sir, you are dripping snow on my floors!” 31. In Central Asia: the man who came from a country with no collective farms 32. To Nikita Khrushchev, [stop] I, Jacques Rossi, [stop] a Free Citizen, [stop] Am Starting a Hunger Strike, [stop] With No Time Limit and Until Death Part Three: After 33. Communist Poland: Origins of The Gulag Handbook 34. Seeing Paris again 35. Life after communism In Place of an Epilogue Afterward to the English Edition

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn May 1804, Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and their Corps of Discovery set out on a journey of a lifetime to explore and interpret the American West. The Lewis and Clark Expedition Day by Day follows this exploration with a daily narrative of their journey, from its starting point in Illinois in 1804 to its successful return to St. Louis in September 1806.Trade Review"Moulton has produced a day by day narrative of the expedition, based on the journals and notes made by the captains, their men, and assistants who helped them catalog their work upon their return. The result is a fantastic resource for anyone—scholar or casual reader—who is interested in the expedition."—Mark A. Eifler, Western Historical Quarterly"This is the type of tome that the reader returns to, again and again, and with each reading absorbs some new perception of what has become an American legend along with the adventurers who lived it."—Kira E. Kaufmann, Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society"This book takes readers on a journey most travelers wish they had joined back when it happened in 1804. . . . This book took the author nearly forty years, and it was time well spent among one of the most intense and suspense-laden adventures of America's history."—Anna Faktorovich, Pennsylvania Literary Journal"[Moulton] incorporates the scientific work carried out by the expedition and provides a series of maps to indicate its route across the American West. Many of the entries provide a visceral sense of what members of the expedition saw on their travels. . . . These details make the Lewis and Clark expedition once again seem new and exciting."—Missouri Historical Review"While it has obvious appeal for those fascinated by the Lewis and Clark expedition, it also offers insight into Native American life and European-indigenous relations in the early nineteenth century. The complex life of the continent before the spread of European settlement beyond the Missouri is brought poignantly into focus. In our age of global environmental threat, the great biodiversity that is described by the members of the Corps of Discovery is also a stark reminder of all that has been lost. In short, Moulton’s book is highly recommended."—Amanda Laugesen, Kansas History"The Lewis and Clark Expedition Day by Day has several key strengths making it an admirable contribution to both historical geography and Lewis and Clark scholarship."—Robert M. Briwa, Historical Geography"Reading Moulton's narrative of the journey reminds readers of journals, diaries, and reminiscences written by overland trailer travelers in the 1840s to 1860s, but knowing that the Corps of Discovery first noted these things makes the journey of Lewis and Clark all the more spectacular. . . . Moulton provided a volume accessible to all."—Diana L. Ahmad, Great Plains Quarterly"Moulton's The Lewis and Clark Expedition Day by Day is his latest telling of the Corps of Discovery's journey to explore the American West. . . . The results are daily dispatches of the personal stories, scientific pursuits and geographic challenges. There are descriptions of encounters with American Indians and unknown lands, and observations of new species of flora and fauna."—David Hendee, Omaha World-Herald“Drawing on his comprehensive knowledge of the expedition, Gary Moulton has put into a lively prose narrative what is the nation’s first road story. . . . The Lewis and Clark Expedition Day by Day gives readers an unparalleled opportunity to see that journey as it unfolded in real time. . . . [This book] belongs on the short shelf of important books about the life and times of the Corps of Discovery. It will surely have a wide and appreciative audience.”—James P. Ronda, Barnard Professor of Western American History, emeritus, at the University of Tulsa and author of Lewis and Clark among the IndiansTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Preface Introduction Expedition Personnel Chapter 1. Expedition Underway, May 14–August 24, 1804 Chapter 2. The Middle Missouri, August 25–October 26, 1804 Chapter 3. Knife River Winter, October 27, 1804–April 6, 1805 Chapter 4. Into the Unknown, April 7–June 2, 1805 Chapter 5. Portaging the Falls, June 3–July 14, 1805 Chapter 6. Shadows of the Rockies, July 15–August 9, 1805 Chapter 7. Those Tremendous Mountains, August 10–October 10, 1805 Chapter 8. Roll On Columbia, October 11–November 14, 1805 Chapter 9. Pacific Coast Winter, November 15, 1805–March 22, 1806 Chapter 10. Homeward Bound, March 23–July 2, 1806 Chapter 11. Separation and Reunion, July 3–August 12, 1806 Chapter 12. Hurrying Home, August 13–September 23, 1806 Afterword Index

Read more less

Book Synopsis In October 1911 the governor of Oaxaca, Mexico, ordereda detachment of approximately 250 soldiers to take control of the town of Juchitán from Jose F. “Che” Gomez and a movement defending the principle of popular sovereignty. The standoff between federal soldiers and the Chegomistas continued until federal reinforcements arrived and violently repressed the movement in the name of democracy. In A Revolution Unfinished Colby Ristow provides the first book-length study of what has come to be known as the Chegomista Rebellion, shedding new light on a conflict previously lost in the shadows of the concurrent Zapatista uprising. The study examines the limits of democracy under Mexico’s first revolutionary regime through a detailed analysis of the confrontation between Mexico’s nineteenth-century tradition of moderate liberalism and locally constructed popular liberalism in the politics of Juchitán, Oaxaca. Couched iTrade Review"Ristow’s new work is an engaging, eminently readable investigation of the brief period when many revolutions seemed possible. He illuminates the continuities in elite political ideology, if not elites themselves, across the revolutionary divide while emphasizing the new impossibility of ignoring popular mobilization."—Casey Marina Lurtz, Hispanic American Historical Review "[A Revolution Unfinished] is a compelling and convincing read and represents a significant contribution to our understanding of Mexico’s modern political history."—Thomas Rath, H-LatAm “A perceptive ‘micro-history’ that also tells us a great deal about the macro-history of the Mexican Revolution.”—Alan Knight, author of The Mexican Revolution: A Very Short Introduction“[A] carefully considered investigation. . . . Ristow clearly has a talent for historical narrative.”—Francie Chassen-Lopez, author of From Liberal to Revolutionary Oaxaca: The View from the South, Mexico 1867–1911“Extremely original and innovative. . . . There are no books that flag the mechanics and paradoxes of Juchiteco politics in such an elegant, fine-grained, and sharp manner.”—Benjamin Smith, author of The Roots of Conservatism in Mexico: Catholicism, Society, and Politics in the Mixteca Baja, 1750–1962Table of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Tables Acknowledgments Introduction: The Chegomista Rebellion and the Limits of Revolutionary Democracy 1. The Barrio de Arriba and the Barrio de Abajo: A Tale of Two Cities in Porfirian Juchitán 2. “The Rebirth of an Old Political Party”: Liberal Politics and the Rise of the Chegomista Movement 3. “They Imagined That the Horse and the Rider Were One”: The Chegomista Rebellion 4. “It Is Not Possible with the Stroke of a Pen to Suppress the Jefaturas”: State Sovereignty and the Peace Process in Juchitán 5. “More Ignorant Than Guilty”: A “Counterinsurgent” Narrative of the Chegomista Rebellion Conclusion: Political Assassination and the Limits of Revolutionary Democracy Notes Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisExplores the fictionalized, historical, and visual representations of Elizabeth I and their impact on the Spanish collective imagination. Drawing on works by Miguel de Cervantes and Lope de Vega, among others, the contributors to this volume limn contradictory assessments of Elizabeth's physical appearance, private life, personality, and reign.Trade Review"This collection of essays presents historical information in an appealing way, enjoyable for readers who are either professionally or casually interested in learning about the fascinating icon of Queen Elizabeth I."—Rocio Corral Garcia, Early Modern Women"The Image of Elizabeth I in Early Modern Spain offers compelling new insights into the different ways Elizabeth and England were viewed, and how her representations were used in Spain, opening up new ways to study Elizabeth I, queenship and international relations."—Sonja Kleij, Bulletin of Spanish Studies"These kinds of international and interdisciplinary projects have much to recommend them, and as the editors explain in their introduction, this volume will hopefully spur new and innovative transnational studies into topics previously believed exhausted."—Aidan Norrie, Royal Studies Journal“During the sixteenth century, northern Protestants successfully propagated an image of Spain that would eventually become known as the Black Legend. Ruled by a wicked king (Philip II) accused of murdering his own son so that he might marry his niece and a bigoted bureaucracy (the Inquisition), Spain became a byword for cruelty and religious zealotry. The essays collected in this remarkable volume uncover a Spanish counter-narrative: an image of England as a country overrun by pirates and governed by a Jezebel born of incest (Elizabeth I) who persecuted loyal subjects for their allegiance to the true Catholic faith. Covering everything from images to plays, from works of political theory to popular poetry, these accessibly written and illuminating essays reveal the ways this alternative Black Legend was constructed and disseminated. Elizabeth’s gender emerges as a topic that proved particularly difficult to navigate for many who contributed to this legend. Those who attempt to separate the entwined histories of early modern England and Spain that this volume has so successfully brought together will do so at their peril.”—Jan Machielsen, author of The Lion, the Witch, and the King and Martin Delrio: Demonology and Scholarship in the Counter-Reformation Table of ContentsList of IllustrationsForeword by Susan DoranAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Semper Eadem, Semper MutatioEduardo Olid GuerreroPart 1. Anglo-Spanish Relations and the Politics of Elizabethan Queendom1. From Friendship to Confrontation: Philip II, Elizabeth I, and Spanish-English Relations in the Sixteenth CenturyMagdalena de Pazzis Pi Corrales2. The Political Discourse on Elizabeth I in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century SpainJesús M. Usunáriz3. Antichrists, Pope Lovers, and Atheists: The Politics of Elizabeth I’s Christian Prayers and MeditationsValerie Billing4. Elizabeth I and the Politics of Representation: The Triumph over SpainMercedes Alcalá-GalánPart 2. Visual and Literary Images of the Jezabel del Norte5. In Search of Elizabeth I: Visual Representations of the Virgin Queen in Early Modern Spanish SourcesClaudia Mesa Higuera6. Political Rhetoric in Lope de Vega’s Representation of Elizabeth IAlejandro García-Reidy7. Elizabeth I and Spanish Poetic Satyr: Political Context, Propaganda, and the Social Dimension of the ArmadaJesús-David Jerez-GómezPart 3. The Queen Is Dead! Isabel Tudor in the Spanish Ethos and for a Spanish Audience8. Cervantes Upending Ribadeneira: Elizabeth I and the Reformation in Early Modern Spain 000Alexander Samson9. Elizabeth Tudor, the Elephant, and the Mirroring Cases of the Earl of Essex and the Duke of BironAdrián Izquierdo10. Unmasking the Queen: Elizabeth I on the Early Modern Spanish StageEsther FernándezContributorsIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisDespite Puerto Rico being the hub of the United States' naval response to the German blockade of the Caribbean, there is very little published scholarship on the island's heavy involvement in the global conflict of World War II. Island at War brings together outstanding new research on Puerto Rico and makes it accessible in English.Trade ReviewA valuable, insightful, interdisciplinary collection of essays about the impact of World War II upon Puerto Rico and upon the island's relationship with the United States, this volume is an important contribution to scholarship on the Second World War, United States, and the Caribbean."" - John Whiteclay Chambers II, distinguished professor of history, Rutgers University, and editor-in-chief of The Oxford Companion to American Military History.""The superb essays in this volume admirably cover, in an interdisciplinary fashion, two related themes of Caribbean historiography: the strategic and military role played by the Caribbean for the United States from the 1930s to World War II and the heavy economic, social and political impact it had on Puerto Rico as a US colonial territory, including the human drama of land expropriations in Vieques and the life story of a Korean War veteran. Drawing from a rich variety of sources and creative analysis, the book centers on the climax period of US military power in the region, making it an essential reference for the study of US imperial relations with the Caribbean."" - Humberto Garcia-Muniz, director, Institute of Caribbean Studies, University of Puerto Rico

Read more less

Book SynopsisThrough an examination of the structure and practice of Muslim political and legal-religious authority, a rare look at intercommunal life in Iberia during the first three centuries of Islamic rule.Trade Review[This book's] special genius is its deliberate juxtaposition of the idea of predetermined boundaries between Muslims, Christians, and Jews in al-Andalus with the reality of their perpetual negotation and renegotiation by jurists in light of changes in the historical conext.... For an older generation of Iberianists like me, who originally operated under the assumption that the Arabic sources of early medieval Spain—in marked contrast to the Latin ones—had little to offer on the subject of dhimmis and their relationship to the dominant community, the work of Safran has proved especially eye-opening. -- Kenneth Wolf * H-Catholic *[Safran] is able to make such good use of al-Khushani against the background of the whole vast range of the Islamic literature relating to the legal scholarship of Islamic Spain. I must stress the immense amount of coordinated hard work that will have gone into this present study. Perhaps we may hope that Professor Safran will soon in a further volume follow the story through to its sad end in 1492? -- L. P. Harvey * Journal of Islamic Studies *Her work is insightful and readable, and it makes a significant contribution to the field of Andalusi and interfaith studies. The use of juridical literature to analyze society is a fast-growing field in Islamic studies, and Janina M. Safran's volume is an important and engaging new contribution. -- Amira K. Bennison * The American Historical Review *Janina Safran has written a rich, clearly structured, and readable book. The main contribution of the book is that it consistently details the historical contingencies that formed the legal construction of religious categories and the management of interreligious relation under Umayyad rule. By thoroughly examining legal deliberation, Safran treats Islamic law as a contextual, situated, intrinsically social, and necessarily ambivalent discourse of negotiation, adaptation, and transculturation. In doing so, she spoils the monolithic picture of Islamic law as dogmatic and uniform, just as she disturbs the notion of al-Andalus as a prime example of interreligious tolerance under Muslim rule, offering instead a welcomed and well-researched analysis of the legal management of religious diversity in al-Andalus. -- Oskar Verkaaik * Journal of the American Academy of Religion *Safran's analysis is illustrated with many examples and also brings in a wide range of chronicle and other material. The book puts this case law within the reach of any interested reader, in a sophisticated and well-organized discussion. -- Ann Christys * Bulletin of Spanish Studies *This important book is a meticulously detailed contribution to the growing body of literature on how Muslims, Christians and Jews lived together in al-Andalus. It stands apart from the line drawn in the 1940s and 1950s by Americo Castro and Claudio Sanchez Albornoz between a happy convivencia on the one hand, and a fractious cohabitation (unavoidable following the Arab-led invasion of a supposedly fully-fledged Christian Spain) on the other. -- Stuart Green * British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies *This is a clever and original book, whose importa nce should not be disguised by its compact and economical style. The implications of Safran's arguments have applications far beyond al-Andalus—not only elsewhere in the Islamic world, but also as regards subject Muslim communitie s living under Christian rule. -- Brian A. Catlos * Comitatus *We depend on scholars of medieval Islamic law to produce books on the subject as useful and accessible as Janina Safran's Defining Boundaries in al-Andalus... As a scholar of the literary, visual, and material manifestations of Iberian culture, I can think of many ways in which studies such as Safran's might offer us fresh lenses for the examination of these phenomena—far too many to list here. -- Cynthia Robinson * Speculum *Table of ContentsIntroduction1. The Structuring of Umayyad Rule2. Society in Transition3. Between Enemies and Friends4. Borders and BoundariesConclusionBibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTo a faithful friend, straight are the roads and short.Odin, from the Hávamál (c. 1000) Friendship was the most important social bond in Iceland and Norway during the Viking Age and the early Middle Ages. Far more significantly than kinship ties, it defined relations between chieftains, and between chieftains and householders. In Viking Friendship, Jón Viðar Sigurðsson explores the various ways in which friendship tied Icelandic and Norwegian societies together, its role in power struggles and ending conflicts, and how it shaped religious beliefs and practices both before and after the introduction of Christianity.Drawing on a wide range of Icelandic sagas and other sources, Sigurðsson details how loyalties between friends were established and maintained. The key elements of Viking friendship, he shows, were protection and generosity, which was most often expressed through gift giving and feasting. In a society without institutions that could guaranTrade ReviewSigurðsson (Univ. of Oslo, Norway) has written a concisely argued book interpreting the importance of friendship versus kinship in early Iceland and Norway. Looking closely at Icelandic family sagas depicting historical literary events from 930 to 1030, and at Heimskringla, a history of the kings of Norway to 1177, Sigurðsson refutes the common notion that early Scandinavian relationships depended primarily on bonds of kinship. He argues instead that friendship mattered to the survival and success of chieftains and householders in Viking society. Historians formerly believed Icelandic family sagas to be factual accounts of individuals and events. Scholars more recently have increasingly interpreted family sagas as literary stories depicting a memory of how life was lived and society functioned, but personal identities and events were not verifiable. Using the family sagas, the author explores how men depended on their friends rather than their kin for support and power. Not until later centuries, when Iceland fell under the rule of Norwegian kings, did kinship give a man of status more influence than friendship. It is a subtle argument, but the concept of friendship, key to understanding Viking society, clarifies the profound changes in social and political structures necessary to form medieval society. Readers should have familiarity with the period's primary sources. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsIntroduction1: Friendship: The Most Important Social Bond in Iceland in the Period (c. 870-1260)2: Friendship Between Chieftains: "To His Friend a Man Should Be a Friend, and Repay Gifts With Gifts"3: Kings and Their Friends4: Clerics and Friendship5: Jobs and Other Friends of the Gods6: Kinsmen and Friends: "Let There Be a Fjord Between Kinsmen, but a Bay Between Friends"7: Friendship Loses Its Power: Political Changes in the Second Half of the 13th Century8: Pragmatic Friendship

Read more less

Book SynopsisTwo hundred years after canon law prohibited clerical marriage, parish priests in the late medieval period continued to form unions with women that were marriage all but in name. In Defiant Priests, Michelle Armstrong-Partida uses evidence from extraordinary archives in four Catalan dioceses to show that maintaining a family with a domestic partner was not only a custom entrenched in Catalan clerical culture but also an essential component of priestly masculine identity.From unpublished episcopal visitation records and internal diocesan documents (including notarial registers, bishops'' letters, dispensations for illegitimate birth, and episcopal court records), Armstrong-Partida reconstructs the personal lives and careers of Catalan parish priests to better understand the professional identity and masculinity of churchmen who made up the proletariat of the largest institution across Europe. These untapped sources reveal the extent to which parish clergy were embedded Trade ReviewDefiant Priests is a detailed and engaging study of the ecclesiastical responsibilities, household organization, and survival strategies of clerics in fourteenth-century Catalunya, and it makes an important contribution to this growing body of literature [exploring clerical responses to the rigid demands of Christian church reform measures].... The volume of [visitation] records used in the study is striking, and the wealth of relationships that Armstrong-Partida has identified within them makes the book a valuable contribution to the field. -- Roisin Cossar * American Historical Review *Defiant Priests enormously extends the work initiated by scholars on the spot to provide an instructive and continuously illuminating account of the domestic bliss enjoyed (or suffered) by the local clergy. * Journal of Ecclesiastical History *This is a study tightly focused in place and time. [Defiant Priests] raises plenty of important questions for further exploration. * Bulletin of Spanish Studies *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Understanding Priestly Masculinity 1. Marriage Defines the Parish Priest 2. Proof of Manhood: Priests as Husbands and Fathers 3. Laymen in Priestly Robes 4. "Quarrelsome" Men: Violence and Clerical Masculinity 5. Becoming a Priest: Clerical Role Models and Clerics-in-Training 6. Hierarchy, Competition, and Conflict: The Parish as a Battleground Conclusion

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe idea of punishment after deathwhereby the souls of the wicked are consigned to Hell (Gehenna, Gehinnom, or Jahannam)emerged out of beliefs found across the Mediterranean, from ancient Egypt to Zoroastrian Persia, and became fundamental to the Abrahamic religions. Once Hell achieved doctrinal expression in the New Testament, the Talmud, and the Qur''an, thinkers began to question Hell's eternity, and to consider possible alternativeshell's rivals. Some imagined outright escape, others periodic but temporary relief within the torments. One option, including Purgatory and, in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, the Middle State, was to consider the punishments to be temporary and purifying. Despite these moral and theological hesitations, the idea of Hell has remained a historical and theological force until the present.In Hell and Its Rivals, Alan E. Bernstein examines an array of sources from within and beyond the three Abrahamic faithsincluding theology, chronicles, legal chaTrade ReviewAlan Bernstein's expertise is on full display in this volume.... Bernstein displays absolute command of Christian conceptions of hell from 400 to 800 CE, the primary focus of this volume. Hell and Its Rivals provides apparently comprehensive coverage of Latin works about hell from this period, and the book will no doubt be indispensable for future research on these sources.... Bernstein's presentation of Latin texts is masterful. * Journal of the American Academy of Religion *The advantage of a relatively comparative study on the subject, he argues fairly, is that it helps us to push past the idea of hell as a 'biblical' concept, and towards seeing it as a much-contested idea that had different resonances across cultures and depending on context. His modus operandi...is...traditional, with readable recitations of what key sources say to evoke important moments in the history of an idea. Bernstein's brief conclusion offers an effective recap of key ideas.'Hell survives', he argues, 'because it is socially useful'. For highlighting interesting points of comparison between different religious cultures, on the other hand, I think scholars will find parts of Bernstein's study useful. -- James Palmer, University of St Andrews * Early Medieval Europe *This [book] allows readers to realize that hell in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam is not just an everlasting realm of punishment after a literal death. Instead, hell is a result of negotiations and contestations within individual Abrahamic religious communities.... Hell and Its Rivals is a useful addition to eschatological study. It forces us to rethink the fixed and variable natures of hell, and it also points the way for detailed and engaged comparative study. * American Historical Review *Hell and Its Rivals is a tour de force of comparative religious history. With its wide chronological scope and geographical purview, it provides an unparalleled examination of teachings about the punitive afterlife in early medieval monotheistic faith systems * Speculum *Table of ContentsIntroductionPart I. Foundations1. Gregory the Great: Order in Chaos2. Inner Death: Hell in the Conscience3. The Punishments: Slavery, Torture, and HellPart II. Alternatives to Hell4. Exceptions to Hell: Relief and Escape5. Calibrated Justice and Purgatorial Fire6. Visions: Rights to SoulsPart III. Hell in Abrahamic Religions7. Rabbinic Judaism: One Fire, Two Fates8. Byzantine Universalism: The Path Not Taken9. Islam: The Mockers MockedConclusion

Read more less

Book SynopsisAstrology in the Middle Ages was considered a branch of the magical arts, one informed by Jewish and Muslim scientific knowledge in Muslim Spain. As such it was deeply troubling to some Church authorities. Using the stars and planets to divine the future ran counter to the orthodox Christian notion that human beings have free will, and some clerical authorities argued that it almost certainly entailed the summoning of spiritual forces considered diabolical. We know that occult beliefs and practices became widespread in the later Middle Ages, but there is much about the phenomenon that we do not understand. For instance, how deeply did occult beliefs penetrate courtly culture and what exactly did those in positions of power hope to gain by interacting with the occult? In A Kingdom of Stargazers, Michael A. Ryan examines the interest in astrology in the Iberian kingdom of Aragon, where ideas about magic and the occult were deeply intertwined with notions of power, authority, anTrade ReviewIn this very entertaining book, Michael A. Ryan focuses on the history of astrological studies in the Crown of Aragon during the late fourteenth century and the influence of this forbidden knowledge on its European neighbors.... It is a brilliant study of one phase of the history of science and magic in the later Middle Ages and a worthy successor to the groundbreaking research of authorities such as Valerie Flint and Lynn Thorndike. -- Donald J. Kagay * The Historian *A Kingdom of Stargazers is an excellent work that exposes in a novel way the relationship of the interest in astrology and magic, the censure of this interest, and the level of authority and power of kings in the medieval Iberian Crown of Aragon. To what extent the label 'occult' is a construct of scholarship or whether it represents a historical idea, or both, is one of the themes of this book. Ryan’s work offers a brilliant exploration of the sources of the court of Aragon, which reveals the complex relationship between political power and the attitudes toward astrology. Historians of medieval Spain and historians of science in general will find it worth reading; scholars interested in the history of medieval and early modern astrology, magic, or alchemy will also see in it an essential addition to scholarship. * Renaissance Quarterly *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Traveling SouthPart I. Positioning the Stars, Divining the Future1. Prophecy, Knowledge, and Authority: Divining the Future and Expecting the End of Days2. For Youths and Simpletons: The Folly of Elite Astrology3. The Iberian Peninsula: Land of Astral MagicPart II. A Kingdom of Stargazers4. Kings and Their Heavens: The Ceremonious and the Negligent5. To Condemn a King: The Inquisitor and the Notary6. A Return to Orthodoxy: The Ascension of Martí I and the End of an EraEpilogue: An Unfortunate Claimant: Jaume el Dissortat, the Rise of the Trastámaras, and beyond the Closing of the EcumeneBibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisAnyone who wants to understand how abortion has been treated historically in the western legal tradition must first come to terms with two quite different but interrelated historical trajectories. On one hand, there is the ancient Judeo-Christian condemnation of prenatal homicide as a wrong warranting retribution; on the other, there is the juristic definition of crime in the modern sense of the word, which distinguished the term sharply from sin and tort and was tied to the rise of Western jurisprudence. To find the act of abortion first identified as a crime in the West, one has to go back to the twelfth century, to the schools of ecclesiastical and Roman law in medieval Europe.In this book, Wolfgang P. Müller tells the story of how abortion came to be criminalized in the West. As he shows, criminalization as a distinct phenomenon and abortion as a self-standing criminal category developed in tandem with each other, first being formulated coherently in the twelfth century aTrade Review[T]he argumentation is intricate. To put it differently, this reader found that the importance of Criminalization rose to the surface upon a second reading. For, this is an important book, which will interest historians across the sub-disciplinary spectrum and not only late medievalists. It provides a stimulating account of the theoretical and practical development of medieval criminal justice and will become a sine qua non in the history of abortion. -- Zubin Mistry * The Mediæval Journal *The Criminalization of Abortion in the West examines the processes which led to the voluntary killing of a human fetus becoming a crime, as opposed to a sin or a wrong compensable by a money payment....This book should be regarded as essential reading for those studying the interface between law and medicine in medieval Europe, to legal historians and social historians. -- Gwen Seabourne * Social History of Medicine *Muller traces the tortuous path of the treatment of abortion as a public crime (felony) between the late 12th and early 16th centuries.... He succeeds in demonstrating the shift in the settlement of disputes from the pre-12th-century local control of justice depending on local power and the strength of family status to a more public hearing under the control of centralizing authorities.... Added to these public tribunals to investigate abortion as a crime was the widespread public attitude that regarded it as no more than a sin, if that, subject to confession to a priest and the performance of penance. * Choice *Table of ContentsIntroductionChapter 1. The Earliest Proponents of Criminalization The Scholastic Origins of Criminal Abortion Forms of Sentencing in Medieval Jurisprudence Crimen in "An Age without Lawyers" (500–1050)Chapter 2. Early Venues of Criminalization Crimen in Sacramental Confession Judicial Crimen in the Ecclesiastical Courts Public Penitential Crimen Royal Jurisdiction in Thirteenth-Century EnglandChapter 3. Chief Agents of Criminalization Legislation versus Juristic Communis Opinio Communis Opinio and Peer Dissent Systematic Law before the Rise of the Modern StateChapter 4. Principal Arguments in Favor of Criminalization Successive Animation and Creatianism Legal and Theological Assessments of Therapeutic Abortion The Demise of Late Medieval EmbryologyChapter 5. Objections to Criminalization Customary Indifference North and East of the River Rhine Rejection in the Royal Courts of England (1327–1557)6. Abortion Experts and Expertise Evidence of Midwifery Medical Embryology and Abortion Discourse Abortifacient PrescriptionsChapter 7. Abortion in the Criminal Courts of the Ius Commune Criminal Accusationes and Inquisitiones The Rules and Safeguards of Ordinary Inquisitiones Extraordinary InquisitionesChapter 8. Forms of Punishment in the Criminal Courts of the Ius Commune Statutory and Customary Specifications Substitute Penalties Adjustment Out of CourtChapter 9. The Frequency of Criminal Prosecutions Viable Statistical Queries Geography and Patterns of Record Keeping A Triad of Typical CasesBibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn Her Father''s Daughter, Lucy K. Pick considers a group of royal women in the early medieval kingdoms of the Asturias and of León-Castilla; their lives say a great deal about structures of power and the roles of gender and religion within the early Iberian kingdoms. Pick examines these women, all daughters of kings, as members of networks of power that work variously in parallel, in concert, and in resistance to some forms of male power, and contends that only by mapping these networks do we gain a full understanding of the nature of monarchical power. Pick''s focus on the roles, possibilities, and limitations faced by these royal women forces us to reevaluate medieval gender norms and their relationship to power and to rethink the power structures of the era. Well illustrated with images of significant objects, Her Father''s Daughter is marked by Pick''s wide-ranging interdisciplinary approach, which encompasses liturgy, art, manuscripts, architecture, documeTrade ReviewIn this meticulously researched and carefully argued study, Pick (history of Christianity, Chicago) examines the royal women of the early medieval kingdoms of Léon and Castilla to understand the structures of Iberian monarchical power.... She challenges accepted ideas of sacred kingship, showing how royal women engaged the sacred sphere through their gifts, associations, and actions, thereby gaining power that supported monarchical authority. * Choice *Pick's book is well argued and strongly supported. It possesses a richness of detail, sound research, and a complexity of thought that will indeed help us to understand better the dynamics of early Spain, especially the importance of royal women in the emerging Spanish culture. * La Corónica *The best history monographs deliver much more than is expected from their main subject matter. Lucy Pick's new study is such a book. The opening pages promise a history of royal women in the early medieval Iberian kingdoms of Asturias and León-Castilla. But it does not take long for the reader to realize that Pick has written one of the best studies of medieval political power to appear in recent years. * The Historian *This is an excellent book, richly deserving of a large and appreciative audience. Pick displays magisterial command of a truly impressive range of evidence (diplomatic, narrative, codicological, hagiographic, and material). The author moves nimbly between the granular analysis of particular pieces of evidence and broader depictions of the networks of kinship, patronage, and power. * Royal Studies Journal *Lucy Pick writes extremely well about religious language and her work on books, prayers and liturgy is illuminating. * Journal of Ecclesiastical History *Fully into her stride, Pick shows how gender, power, and religion interacted and overlapped, tracking the trend for royal women to become consecrated virgins rather than marriage partners... like Pick's farsightedness, her themes and their impact will be ongoing. * Europe: Ancient and Medieval *Though Pick's book is not the first study of the powerful royal women of medieval Iberia and the development of the infantazgo, it provides an insightful, longitudinal look at the subject from the Visigothic age to the beginning of the twelfth century, and briefly beyond. -- Elena Woodacre, University of Winchester * SPECULUM *Table of ContentsList of Figures Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction 1. Visigothic Inheritance, Asturian Monarchy Virgins and Martyrs Networks of Property, Networks of Power Memory, Gift, and Death Looking Forward, Looking Beyond Works Cited Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisBurning Bodies interrogates the ideas that the authors of historical and theological texts in the medieval West associated with the burning alive of Christian heretics. Michael Barbezat traces these instances from the eleventh century until the advent of the internal crusades of the thirteenth century, depicting the exclusionary fires of hell and judicial execution, the purifying fire of post-mortem purgation, and the unifying fire of God''s love that medieval authors used to describe processes of social inclusion and exclusion.Burning Bodies analyses how the accounts of burning heretics alive referenced, affirmed, and elaborated upon wider discourses of community and eschatology. Descriptions of burning supposed heretics alive were profoundly related to ideas of a redemptive Christian community based upon a divine, unifying love, and medieval understandings of what these burnings could have meant to contemporaries cannot be fully appreciated outside of this disTrade ReviewBarbezat's writing is elegant, with many admirable turns of phrase. He has covered vast territory, excavating earlier intellectual and theological foundations for a punitive violence that began at a discrete moment... It is an intellectual history, although the (largely familiar) texts often depict actual events, and Barbezat's interpretation of them is imaginative... While his book illuminates an important component within the history of medieval heresiology, it also warns us all against the enduring tendency of communities to pursue purity and to show love by excluding their heretics. * SPECULUM *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Burning Bodies and Medieval Human Communal Identity 1. Our God Is Like a Consuming Fire: Burning Bodies and Christian Community 2. Fields and Bodies: Toleration and Threat in a Shared Space 3. The Beginning at Orleans in 1022: Heretics and Hellfire 4. Likeness in Difference: Three Burnings in the Twelfth-Century Rhineland 5. Like Rejoices in Like: Recognition and Differentiation in Descriptions of Heresy 6. Witches and Orgiastic Rituals: Heresy, Sex, and Reading in the Late Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries 7. Leaping from the Flames: Love, Redemption, and Holy War in the Albigensian Crusade Conclusion: The Uses of Exclusion and Fear for a Community of Love Notes Works Cited Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisSpiritual seekers throughout history have sought illumination through solitary contemplation. In the Christian tradition, medieval England stands out for its remarkable array of hermits, recluses, and spiritual outsidersfrom Cuthbert, Godric of Fichale, and Christina of Markyate to Richard Rolle, Julian of Norwich, and Margery Kempe. In The Secret Within, Wolfgang Riehle offers the first comprehensive history of English medieval mysticism in decadesone that will appeal to anyone fascinated by mysticism as a phenomenon of religious life. In considering the origins and evolution of the English mystical tradition, Riehle begins in the twelfth century with the revival of eremitical mysticism and the early growth of the Cistercian Order in the British Isles. He then focuses in depth on the great mystics of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuriesRichard Rolle (the first great English mystic), the author of The Cloud of Unknowing, Walter Hilton, Margery Kempe, and JuliaTrade ReviewIt is one of many achievements of Riehle's book to bring to the fore the 'vivid exchange of ideas' between the medieval English mystics and their continental counterparts.... It has been a great pleasure to read this book. The translation is graceful, and the physical, editorial, and typographical makeup of the book reflects the high standards of the press. Considering the ever-decreasing attention non-English publications receive in Anglo-American scholarship, the translation of Riehle's important book into English will ensure that it gets the recognition it deserves. * Anglistik *A completely fresh look at the question of solitude and its relationship to the production of theological texts.... A sensitive and subtle book.... Although The Secret Within is centered on familiar writers and works, Riehle's approach to them gives them new freshness.... His detailed, subtle, and dense readings serve to remind us how rich these texts are and how fully they repay constant study. * Speculum *It is in the large number of texts analysed that readers can really appreciate the depth and breadth of Riehle's achievement here. Riehle aims to 'consider the texts as works of literary and theological significance' (p. xv), and the book certainly succeeds in these twin aims, at times arguing that the theological sophistication of certain texts has been under-appreciated in previous scholarship (e.g. in relation to Julian of Norwich), and in the process providing the reader with a thorough reminder of the long and varied textual tradition (e.g. the Psalms, Pauline writings, Origen) from which medieval mystical writers could gain both certainty and confusion in theological matters. * parergon *Table of Contents1. The Development of Eremitical Mysticism in the British Isles2. Early Cistercian Theology in England3. Ancrene Wisse: A Magnificent Exemplar of Early English Mysticism4. "Female" versus "Male" Spirituality? A Talking of the Love of God and the Meditations of the Monk of Farne5. Richard Rolle of Hampole: England's First Great Mystic6. Marguerite Porete's The Mirror of Simple Souls and Its Reception in England7. The Cloud of Unknowing and Related Tracts8. Walter Hilton: England’s Mystic Theologian9. The Singular Vision of Julian of Norwich10. Margery Kempe: The Shocking “Fool in Christ”11. Some Aspects of Popularizing Mysticism in Late Medieval EnglandConclusion

Read more less

Book SynopsisHistorians typically single out the hundred-year period from about 1050 to 1150 as the pivotal moment in the history of the Latin Church, for it was then that the Gregorian Reform movement established the ecclesiastical structure that would ensure Rome's dominance throughout the Middle Ages and beyond. In Before the Gregorian Reform John Howe challenges this familiar narrative by examining earlier, pre-Gregorian reform efforts within the Church. He finds that they were more extensive and widespread than previously thought and that they actually established a foundation for the subsequent Gregorian Reform movement.The low point in the history of Christendom came in the late ninth and early tenth centuriesa period when much of Europe was overwhelmed by barbarian raids and widespread civil disorder, which left the Church in a state of disarray. As Howe shows, however, the destruction gave rise to creativity. Aristocrats and churchmen rebuilt churches and constructed new oTrade ReviewA comprehensive and accessible survey of two hundred years of church history.... A richly textured and arresting image of a world rooted in its Carolingian past yet foundational to the expansionist and ecumenical church of the later Middle Ages.... Indispensible to any medieval history syllabus. * H-Soz-Kult *Howe calls upon a truly impressive array of evidence and scholarship from the fields of history, literature, liturgical studies, art and architectural history, and theological studies in support of his argument, and scholars will profit immensely from perusing his footnotes. The book is loaded with important insights and asides.... Most importantly, Howe's work lands another hammer blow on the older, confessionally-driven, top-down paradigm of church reform... and does so in a style that is self-consciously accessible to specialist and non-specialist readers. * SPECULUM *Builds on a good deal of recent research which emphasises the deep roots of later developments, and draws attention to the diversity and vitality of religious life at this time.... He succeeds in evoking interest in the tenth-century Church. * English Historical Review *There is much of use here: the stress on the physical, acoustic and aesthetic aspects of developments in the tenth and early eleventh centuries is welcome, and these sections bring together a wide range of recent literature. Mediterranean areas, especially Italy, receive due attention... the emphasis on Byzantine ideas is refreshing. * Journal of Ecclesiastical History *An extensively researched, engagingly written, and nicely illustrated book.... Howe draws upon his own impressive research to demonstrate the numerous contacts between the Roman and Greek churches. * American Historical Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction: A Pre-Gregorian Reform? 1. "Wolves Devouring the Lambs of Christ" 2. "Enter Confidently into the War of the Lord God" 3. "A White Mantle of Churches" 4. "To Rouse Devotion in a Carnal People" 5. "Following in the Footsteps of the Saints" 6. "When My Soul Longs for the Divine Vision" 7. "Learning Is Part of Holiness" 8. "The Body Is Not a Single Part" 9. "One Shepherd Presides over All Generally" Epilogue: A Pope Captured, A Church Triumphant

Read more less

Book SynopsisTwo hundred years after canon law prohibited clerical marriage, parish priests in the late medieval period continued to form unions with women that were marriage all but in name. In Defiant Priests, Michelle Armstrong-Partida uses evidence from extraordinary archives in four Catalan dioceses to show that maintaining a family with a domestic partner was not only a custom entrenched in Catalan clerical culture but also an essential component of priestly masculine identity.From unpublished episcopal visitation records and internal diocesan documents (including notarial registers, bishops'' letters, dispensations for illegitimate birth, and episcopal court records), Armstrong-Partida reconstructs the personal lives and careers of Catalan parish priests to better understand the professional identity and masculinity of churchmen who made up the proletariat of the largest institution across Europe. These untapped sources reveal the extent to which parish clergy were embedded Trade ReviewDefiant Priests is a detailed and engaging study of the ecclesiastical responsibilities, household organization, and survival strategies of clerics in fourteenth-century Catalunya, and it makes an important contribution to this growing body of literature [exploring clerical responses to the rigid demands of Christian church reform measures].... The volume of [visitation] records used in the study is striking, and the wealth of relationships that Armstrong-Partida has identified within them makes the book a valuable contribution to the field. -- Roisin Cossar * American Historical Review *Defiant Priests enormously extends the work initiated by scholars on the spot to provide an instructive and continuously illuminating account of the domestic bliss enjoyed (or suffered) by the local clergy. * Journal of Ecclesiastical History *This is a study tightly focused in place and time. [Defiant Priests] raises plenty of important questions for further exploration. * Bulletin of Spanish Studies *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Understanding Priestly Masculinity 1. Marriage Defines the Parish Priest 2. Proof of Manhood: Priests as Husbands and Fathers 3. Laymen in Priestly Robes 4. "Quarrelsome" Men: Violence and Clerical Masculinity 5. Becoming a Priest: Clerical Role Models and Clerics-in-Training 6. Hierarchy, Competition, and Conflict: The Parish as a Battleground Conclusion

Read more less

Book SynopsisIran is home to the largest Jewish population in the Middle East, outside of Israel. At its peak in the twentieth century, the population numbered around 100,000; today about 25,000 Jews live in Iran. Between Iran and Zion offers the first history of this vibrant community over the course of the last century, from the 1905 Constitutional Revolution through the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Over this period, Iranian Jews grew from a peripheral community into a prominent one that has made clear impacts on daily life in Iran. Drawing on interviews, newspapers, family stories, autobiographies, and previously untapped archives, Lior B. Sternfeld analyzes how Iranian Jews contributed to Iranian nation-building projects, first under the Pahlavi monarchs and then in the post-revolutionary Islamic Republic. He considers the shifting reactions to Zionism over time, in particular to religious Zionism in the early 1900s and political Zionism after the creation of the state of Israel. And he investigates the various groups that constituted the Iranian Jewish community, notably the Jewish communists who became prominent activists in the left-wing circles in the 1950s and the revolutionary Jewish organization that participated in the 1979 Revolution. The result is a rich account of the vital role of Jews in the social and political fabric of twentieth-century Iran. Trade Review"Lior Sternfeld has given us a highly nuanced and perceptive study of not only the Jewish community in Iran but also the Jewish community's integral relationship with the larger Iranian nation. The book is especially insightful on the position of the Jewish community in the 1979 Islamic Revolution." -- Ervand Abrahamian * City University of New York *"Between Iran and Zion is an exciting reconstruction of modern Jewish life in Iran. Lior Sternfeld unearths mesmerizing and previously untold stories to ask important questions about Jewish identities and offer hope for a better future to the peoples of the region, Jews and Muslims alike." -- Orit Bashkin * University of Chicago *"Between Iran and Zion offers a compelling history of Iranian Jews in the twentieth century. Lior Sternfeld proves himself an honest and judicious storyteller with this sobering account of a people caught between their historic homeland and a symbolic call for 'return.'" -- Hamid Dabashi * Columbia University *"Sternfeld's strength lies in his ability to successfully situate Iran's Jews within the broader context of Iranian history...Between Iran and Zion is highly recommended not only for readers interested in an original and nuanced examination of Iranian Jewish life between the early 1940s and the early 1980s, but also for those seeking an understanding of the greater Iranian society during this time. It is an excellent demonstration that minority communities cannot be studied in a vacuum." -- Daniella Farah * H-Nationalism *"To the best of my knowledge,Between Iran and Zionis the first utterly successful attempt to liberate the historiography of twentieth-century Iranian Jews from its conceptual and institutional straitjackets. Hence, it provides exciting, novel and thought-provoking insights and findings regarding the modern history of Jews in Iran." -- Haggai Ram * The Tel Aviv Review of Books *"Between Iran and Zion is an important contribution to the current post-Zionist debate on the status and history of Middle Eastern Jews. More importantly, it brings forth the history of Iranian Jews outside of the context of Israeli society and tries to determine its legacy within the Iranian context. I would recommend the book to everyone interested in understanding the complexity and development of Iranian society as a whole between the early 1940s and the early 1980s." -- Alessandra Cecolin * International Journal of Middle East Studies *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThe introduction sets the background for the situation of the Jews in Iran at the turn of the twentieth century. This initial chapter provides a brief history of Jews in Iran and in the Middle East and touches on the creation of transnational networks that became increasingly important in the twentieth century. It seeks to introduce and contextualize for the reader Iran's Jewish community and the manner in which it has been addressed in past works. It provides an overview of the political, social, and cultural changes the community experienced, including the implementation of a constitution, urbanization, and a different perception of the "nation" in terms of postimperial identity and structure. 1Shifting Demographics: The Arrival of Ashkenazi and Iraqi Jews chapter abstractChapter 1 explores ways that the Jewish community became more diverse following World War II. It examines the sociological and demographic transformations that the Jewish population experienced during the war. This chapter argues that the 1941 invasion of Iran by Allied forces and the subsequent collapse of the rigid state structure facilitated social mobility and redefinition. At the same time, a wave of Iraqi Jews arrived in Iran and added another layer of identity to the growing Jewish population. This chapter also debunks the traditional portrayal of Iran as passive in the war historiography, where it is usually examined in an insufficiently complex or nuanced way, and analyzes the ways in which the war and its aftermath shaped Iran. Contrary to the traditional historiography's stagnant or, rather, declining analysis of Iranian Jewry, the Jewish population in Iran witnessed a golden age in terms of becoming Iranian citizens. 2The Iranian Political Sphere: Shaping a National Identity chapter abstractChapter 2 examines the politicization of Jews in Iran during World War II and through the early 1950s. Traditional historiography distances Jews from politics in Iran. When mentioned at all, Jewish political activity usually references support of the Shah, especially in relation to his close alliance with Israel. However, this chapter argues that political activism became a means for Iranian Jews to impact their future role and sociopolitical position in Iran. Many Jews were adamant supporters and members of the Tudeh, the Iranian Communist Party, and later engaged in many other political initiatives (such as student movements and intellectual associations). The Tudeh was the most vocal opponent of fascism in the 1940s and arguably the most popular political force in Iran. The Tudeh's enduring defense of the Jewish community, combined with its message of equality, attracted many young Jews from the Iranian middle and lower middle classes. 3Iranian Jews and Israel: From Indigenous to State-Sponsored Zionism chapter abstractThis chapter examines the roots and effects of Zionism in Iran. It analyzes Zionism first as an indigenous movement that emerged in Iran as a response to the needs of Iranian Jews (with relation to the global movement of Zionism) and transformed itself as the needs of Iranian Jews changed in the course of the century. After 1948 and the establishment of Israel, Zionism could no longer be taken as a local movement alone. The contact with Israel and Israeli emissaries and the impact of state-sponsored Zionist activities ignited a new set of emotions and means of identification with or antagonism to Zionism, and a range of reactions in between. This chapter examines the way Israel dealt with the case of Iranian Jews, which was atypical compared with other Middle Eastern communities. In addition, this chapter examines the responses to Zionism among the non-Jewish intellectual elites in Iran. 4Unintended Consequences: The Lead-Up to the Iranian Revolution chapter abstractThe ultimate success of the nation-building project, led by the Shah, was evident in the decade leading up to the revolution—when the Jewish community in Iran finally achieved its release from traditional loyalties and viewed itself, first and foremost, as Iranian. This chapter explores the first manifestations of Jewish revolutionary discourse and actions and discusses postrevolutionary Iran and a new nation-building paradigm that Jews faced following the Islamic revolution. This chapter follows the Jewish response to the rapidly unfolding events: from the Shah's overthrow through the redefinition of the Iranian national identity, from the Iran-Iraq War to the post-Khomeini period. In the post-Khomeini era, Iranian Jews had to navigate between their religious ancestral homeland (Israel) and their national and political homeland (Iran). They had to deftly maneuver between the misinterpretations and deceptions that characterized the harsh rhetoric between Israel and Iran. Conclusion chapter abstractThis concluding chapter shows that the trajectory of the Jews of Iran from the early twentieth century led them ultimately to integration into each of the nation-building projects of that era.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe 1923 Greek-Turkish population exchange forcibly relocated one and a half million people: Muslims in Greece were resettled in Turkey, and Greek Orthodox Christians in Turkey were moved to Greece. This landmark event set a legal precedent for population management on the basis of religious or ethnic difference. Similar segregative policies—such as creating walls, partitions, and apartheids—have followed in its wake. Strikingly, the exchange was purportedly enacted as a means to achieve peace. Humanism in Ruins maps the links between liberal discourses on peace and the legacies of this forced migration. Aslı Iğsız weaves together past and present, making visible the effects in Turkey across the ensuing century, of the 1923 exchange. Liberal humanism has responded to segregative policies by calling for coexistence and the acceptance of cultural diversity. Yet, as Iğsız makes clear, liberal humanism itself, with its ahistorical emphasis on a shared humanity, fails to confront an underlying racialized logic. This far-reaching and multilayered cultural history investigates what it means to be human—historically, socially, and politically. It delivers an urgent message about the politics of difference at a time when the reincarnation of fascism in different parts of the world invites citizens to participate in perpetuating a racialized and unequal world. Trade Review"Aslı Iğsız offers original and creative insight into the aftermath of the 1923 population exchange. A superb genealogy of cultural policy and the politics of culture in Turkey." -- Yael Navaro * University of Cambridge *"Humanism in Ruins incisively reveals how liberal discourses of peace and tolerance have been entangled with the racialization of social difference. An impressive contribution to the critical study of liberalism in the Middle East." -- Kabir Tambar * Stanford University *"At the start of 2019, almost eighty million people were displaced by war or violent conflict. It is virtually certain that mass population movements will continue, and it is clear that there is a pressing need to change the terms of the international debate and policy regarding the issue. This reality deems Aslı Iğsız's insightful book, Humanism in Ruins, to be not only timely but also an essential read."––Elektra Kostopoulou, Jadaliyya"[An] original and necessary work....At the center of Iğsız's virtuoso argument here is the suggestion that the liberal humanism that has established the global order of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries is built upon a ruinous foundation: "the policies of biopolitics"....intellectually, politically, and in every other sense, a truly courageous book."––Anthony Alessandrini, Jadaliyya"Iğsız's work is...unique in tracing the foundational imprint historicist humanism has made on liberal humanism....As we see the segregative logic of walls and fortresses emerging anew, as a response to the largest refugee crisis to occur since World War II, attending to the complex and contradictory histories and effects of existing humanitarian regimes takes on great urgency."––Esra Özyürek, Political and Legal Anthropology Review"[Humanism in Ruins] is the latest addition to the growing literature of critical analysis of the Greek-Turkish population exchange and without a doubt debunks the myth that it was a win-win solution and a clear achievement once and for all....Each part is strong enough to be a stand-alone treatise and an invitation for engaged and committed practices of cultural analysis." -- Nergis Canefe * EuropeNow *"Iğsız's perceptive analysis shows how arguments both for and against diversity are in fact informed by biopolitics. Her study thus presents a unique vantage point for an examination of the limits of the key notions of liberal cultural policies....Humanism in Ruins is an excellent and complex analysis of the racist legacies of population exchanges in modern-day cultural policies." -- Ceren Özgül * New Perspectives on Turkey *"Humanism in Ruins is a brilliant, path-breaking book....Igsiz makes major interventions into debates on liberalism, culture, and politics. And for those who have been decrying the paucity of works on race in Middle East studies, this book is a very welcome addition....There is much to digest in this fascinating and highly original work, so much that it is hard to do justice to it in a short review." -- Beth Baron * International Journal of Middle East Studies *"Humanism in Ruins is a stimulating and well-structured book.[It] manages to move successfully through a great variety of material, historical and theoretical, and offers a fruitful contribution in the field of migration studies." -- Alexandros Sakellariou * International Migration Studies *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsBy Way of an Introduction: The Entangled Legacies of a Population Exchange chapter abstractThis chapter introduces the key concepts as well as the general approach and methodology of the book: biopolitics, humanism, ruins, and palimpsests. These concepts are later further developed in the relevant chapters, in relation to the analysis of the sources, but here they are laid out in relation to the entangled legacies of the 1923 exchange in general. The Introduction also provides a lengthy historicization of the 1923 exchange together with the notion of "racialized thinking" that constitutes the basis for the discussion of biopolitics and humanism. Part I: Humanism and Its Discontents: Biopolitics, the Politics of Expertise, and the Human Family chapter abstractThis chapter discusses various scholars—eugenicists, sociologists, anthropologists, and legal scholars among others—and their intellectual networks to unravel a complex, transnational intellectual and cultural history, and addresses the entangled dynamics revolving around the segregative legacy of the 1923 Greek-Turkish population exchange. Focusing on the first decade after 1945, this part traces how segregative biopolitics was addressed transnationally through a refugee association presided over by a Turkish eugenicist, Fahreddin Kerim Gökay, and founded in collaboration with an Italian eugenicist and statistician, Corrado Gini—who also was a supporter of Mussolini's fascism. The 1923 exchange was a reference point for the association and for the research it promoted. Against this backdrop, the chapter also analyzes the rise of UNESCO-oriented cultural policies developed to address alterity and race during that period, with a special focus on liberal humanism and a photography exhibition: The Family of Man. Part II: Of Origins and "Men": Family History, Genealogy, and Historicist Humanism Revisited chapter abstractThis part turns to the notions of genealogy and origins and attends to their different uses across time and space in relation to the 1923 exchange, racialized thinking, and historicist humanism. It begins with post-1990s Turkey and traces how legacies of segregative biopolitics were primarily engaged on a personal level through family histories configured as cultural heritage. Engaging individual and institutional practices that configured family histories as sites of articulating different backgrounds—alterity—after the 1980 military coup, the part considers the implications of engaging biopolitical ruins via individual genealogies and origins configured through the family. Next, it historicizes other forms of engaging genealogies and origins and examines this process through historicist humanism and racialized thinking, which were instrumental in categorizing peoples on the paths that led to segregative policies in general, the 1923 Greco-Turkish exchange in particular. Part III: Unity in Diversity: Culture, Social Cohesion, and Liberal Multiculturalism chapter abstractThis part traces the palimpsests of cultural policy pertaining to contemporary liberal multiculturalism in Turkey and the European Union. Addressing liberal and historicist humanism embedded in liberal multiculturalism narratives in Turkey and beyond, this part engages the discourses and policies that enabled the building of the first 1923 Greco-Turkish Population Exchange Museum in Turkey as part of the Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture project. Considering the impact of UNESCO's cultural policies on the EU, which then traveled to Turkey, this part addresses the limits of liberal multiculturalism and the form it took in Turkey: neo-Ottomanism. After tracing the transnational crossing of liberal multiculturalism to Turkey, the part turns to the local historical context that neo-Ottomanism draws from: cultural policy in the post-1980 coup era and the Turkish-Islamic synthesis and its broader implications for the fascistic historicist humanism mobilized during the 1980 coup era. In Lieu of a Conclusion: Cultural Analysis in an Age of Securitarianism chapter abstractThe Conclusion picks up the threads of the analysis laid out throughout the book and reconsiders the relevance of the book's key concepts such as biopolitics, segregation, and culture from the perspective of the contemporary rise of neofascism, securitarianism, and xenophobia.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe 1923 Greek-Turkish population exchange forcibly relocated one and a half million people: Muslims in Greece were resettled in Turkey, and Greek Orthodox Christians in Turkey were moved to Greece. This landmark event set a legal precedent for population management on the basis of religious or ethnic difference. Similar segregative policies—such as creating walls, partitions, and apartheids—have followed in its wake. Strikingly, the exchange was purportedly enacted as a means to achieve peace. Humanism in Ruins maps the links between liberal discourses on peace and the legacies of this forced migration. Aslı Iğsız weaves together past and present, making visible the effects in Turkey across the ensuing century, of the 1923 exchange. Liberal humanism has responded to segregative policies by calling for coexistence and the acceptance of cultural diversity. Yet, as Iğsız makes clear, liberal humanism itself, with its ahistorical emphasis on a shared humanity, fails to confront an underlying racialized logic. This far-reaching and multilayered cultural history investigates what it means to be human—historically, socially, and politically. It delivers an urgent message about the politics of difference at a time when the reincarnation of fascism in different parts of the world invites citizens to participate in perpetuating a racialized and unequal world. Trade Review"Aslı Iğsız offers original and creative insight into the aftermath of the 1923 population exchange. A superb genealogy of cultural policy and the politics of culture in Turkey." -- Yael Navaro * University of Cambridge *"Humanism in Ruins incisively reveals how liberal discourses of peace and tolerance have been entangled with the racialization of social difference. An impressive contribution to the critical study of liberalism in the Middle East." -- Kabir Tambar * Stanford University *"At the start of 2019, almost eighty million people were displaced by war or violent conflict. It is virtually certain that mass population movements will continue, and it is clear that there is a pressing need to change the terms of the international debate and policy regarding the issue. This reality deems Aslı Iğsız's insightful book, Humanism in Ruins, to be not only timely but also an essential read."––Elektra Kostopoulou, Jadaliyya"[An] original and necessary work....At the center of Iğsız's virtuoso argument here is the suggestion that the liberal humanism that has established the global order of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries is built upon a ruinous foundation: "the policies of biopolitics"....intellectually, politically, and in every other sense, a truly courageous book."––Anthony Alessandrini, Jadaliyya"Iğsız's work is...unique in tracing the foundational imprint historicist humanism has made on liberal humanism....As we see the segregative logic of walls and fortresses emerging anew, as a response to the largest refugee crisis to occur since World War II, attending to the complex and contradictory histories and effects of existing humanitarian regimes takes on great urgency."––Esra Özyürek, Political and Legal Anthropology Review"[Humanism in Ruins] is the latest addition to the growing literature of critical analysis of the Greek-Turkish population exchange and without a doubt debunks the myth that it was a win-win solution and a clear achievement once and for all....Each part is strong enough to be a stand-alone treatise and an invitation for engaged and committed practices of cultural analysis." -- Nergis Canefe * EuropeNow *"Iğsız's perceptive analysis shows how arguments both for and against diversity are in fact informed by biopolitics. Her study thus presents a unique vantage point for an examination of the limits of the key notions of liberal cultural policies....Humanism in Ruins is an excellent and complex analysis of the racist legacies of population exchanges in modern-day cultural policies." -- Ceren Özgül * New Perspectives on Turkey *"Humanism in Ruins is a brilliant, path-breaking book....Igsiz makes major interventions into debates on liberalism, culture, and politics. And for those who have been decrying the paucity of works on race in Middle East studies, this book is a very welcome addition....There is much to digest in this fascinating and highly original work, so much that it is hard to do justice to it in a short review." -- Beth Baron * International Journal of Middle East Studies *"Humanism in Ruins is a stimulating and well-structured book.[It] manages to move successfully through a great variety of material, historical and theoretical, and offers a fruitful contribution in the field of migration studies." -- Alexandros Sakellariou * International Migration Studies *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsBy Way of an Introduction: The Entangled Legacies of a Population Exchange chapter abstractThis chapter introduces the key concepts as well as the general approach and methodology of the book: biopolitics, humanism, ruins, and palimpsests. These concepts are later further developed in the relevant chapters, in relation to the analysis of the sources, but here they are laid out in relation to the entangled legacies of the 1923 exchange in general. The Introduction also provides a lengthy historicization of the 1923 exchange together with the notion of "racialized thinking" that constitutes the basis for the discussion of biopolitics and humanism. Part I: Humanism and Its Discontents: Biopolitics, the Politics of Expertise, and the Human Family chapter abstractThis chapter discusses various scholars—eugenicists, sociologists, anthropologists, and legal scholars among others—and their intellectual networks to unravel a complex, transnational intellectual and cultural history, and addresses the entangled dynamics revolving around the segregative legacy of the 1923 Greek-Turkish population exchange. Focusing on the first decade after 1945, this part traces how segregative biopolitics was addressed transnationally through a refugee association presided over by a Turkish eugenicist, Fahreddin Kerim Gökay, and founded in collaboration with an Italian eugenicist and statistician, Corrado Gini—who also was a supporter of Mussolini's fascism. The 1923 exchange was a reference point for the association and for the research it promoted. Against this backdrop, the chapter also analyzes the rise of UNESCO-oriented cultural policies developed to address alterity and race during that period, with a special focus on liberal humanism and a photography exhibition: The Family of Man. Part II: Of Origins and "Men": Family History, Genealogy, and Historicist Humanism Revisited chapter abstractThis part turns to the notions of genealogy and origins and attends to their different uses across time and space in relation to the 1923 exchange, racialized thinking, and historicist humanism. It begins with post-1990s Turkey and traces how legacies of segregative biopolitics were primarily engaged on a personal level through family histories configured as cultural heritage. Engaging individual and institutional practices that configured family histories as sites of articulating different backgrounds—alterity—after the 1980 military coup, the part considers the implications of engaging biopolitical ruins via individual genealogies and origins configured through the family. Next, it historicizes other forms of engaging genealogies and origins and examines this process through historicist humanism and racialized thinking, which were instrumental in categorizing peoples on the paths that led to segregative policies in general, the 1923 Greco-Turkish exchange in particular. Part III: Unity in Diversity: Culture, Social Cohesion, and Liberal Multiculturalism chapter abstractThis part traces the palimpsests of cultural policy pertaining to contemporary liberal multiculturalism in Turkey and the European Union. Addressing liberal and historicist humanism embedded in liberal multiculturalism narratives in Turkey and beyond, this part engages the discourses and policies that enabled the building of the first 1923 Greco-Turkish Population Exchange Museum in Turkey as part of the Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture project. Considering the impact of UNESCO's cultural policies on the EU, which then traveled to Turkey, this part addresses the limits of liberal multiculturalism and the form it took in Turkey: neo-Ottomanism. After tracing the transnational crossing of liberal multiculturalism to Turkey, the part turns to the local historical context that neo-Ottomanism draws from: cultural policy in the post-1980 coup era and the Turkish-Islamic synthesis and its broader implications for the fascistic historicist humanism mobilized during the 1980 coup era. In Lieu of a Conclusion: Cultural Analysis in an Age of Securitarianism chapter abstractThe Conclusion picks up the threads of the analysis laid out throughout the book and reconsiders the relevance of the book's key concepts such as biopolitics, segregation, and culture from the perspective of the contemporary rise of neofascism, securitarianism, and xenophobia.

Read more less

Book SynopsisKate Millett was already an icon of American feminism when she went to Iran in 1979. She arrived just weeks after the Iranian Revolution, to join Iranian women in marking International Women's Day. Intended as a day of celebration, the event turned into a week of protests. Millett, armed with film equipment and a cassette deck to record everything around her, found herself in the middle of demonstrations for women's rights and against the mandatory veil. Listening to the revolutionary soundscape of Millett's audio tapes, Negar Mottahedeh offers a new interpretive guide to Revolutionary Iran, its slogans, habits, and women's movement—a movement that, many claim, Millett never came to understand. Published with the fortieth anniversary of the Iranian Revolution and the women's protests that followed on its heels, Whisper Tapes re-introduces Millett's historic visit to Iran and lays out the nature of her encounter with the Iranian women's movement.Trade Review"Lyrical, intelligent, and passionately written,Whisper Tapes reignites a long dormant conversation about the urgency of global feminism. This book is intensely relevant as we continue to assess the aftermath of revolutions throughout the Middle East, and the ways they have been fueled by women's rage on the one hand and unfulfilled hope for gender equity on the other." -- Shilyh Warren * University of Texas at Dallas *"Whisper Tapes is a fascinating book that illuminates the muddled state of affairs that unfolded in Iran at the celebration of International Women's Day in 1979. In offering a deeply contingent history, Negar Mottahedeh beautifully shows Kate Millett's simultaneous closeness to and distance from the events surrounding her." -- Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi * Princeton University *"By embedding her analysis in responsible histories of Iran and its place on the international stage, Mottahedeh masterfully deconstructs the biases of American feminism and how they have influenced Millett's understanding of the experiences of Iranian women in a postrevolutionary society. Lyrical in style and poetic in meaning, Whisper Tapes challenges readers to adopt an intersectional view of Iranian feminist movements while adding layers and dimensionality to Millett's preexisting literature."––Aisha Jitan, The Middle East Journal"Mottahedeh's illuminating study complements [Kate] Millett's work and offers a more nuanced reading of a historic moment." -- Lucy Popescu * Times Literary Supplement *

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhen Samuel de Champlain founded the colony of Quebec in 1608, he established elaborate gardens where he sowed French seeds he had brought with him and experimented with indigenous plants that he found in nearby fields and forests. Following Champlain's example, fellow colonists nurtured similar gardens through the Saint Lawrence Valley and Great Lakes region. In A Not-So-New World, Christopher Parsons observes how it was that French colonists began to learn about Native environments and claimed a mandate to cultivate vegetation that did not differ all that much from that which they had left behind. As Parsons relates, colonists soon discovered that there were limits to what they could accomplish in their gardens. The strangeness of New France became woefully apparent, for example, when colonists found that they could not make French wine out of American grapes. They attributed the differences they discovered to Native American neglect and believed that the French colonial project would rehabilitate and restore the plant life in the region. However, the more colonists experimented with indigenous species and communicated their findings to the wider French Atlantic world, the more foreign New France appeared to French naturalists and even to the colonists themselves. Parsons demonstrates how the French experience of attempting to improve American environments supported not only the acquisition and incorporation of Native American knowledge but also the development of an emerging botanical science that focused on naming new species. Exploring the moment in which settlers, missionaries, merchants, and administrators believed in their ability to shape the environment to better resemble the country they left behind, A Not-So-New World reveals that French colonial ambitions were fueled by a vision of an ecologically sustainable empire.Trade Review"Parsons’s work can serve as a model for other historians interested in the environmental aspects of colonialism, particularly those seeking to work at the intersection of environmental history and the history of science." * Environmental History *"This is field-leading scholarship for those thinking through the environmental early modern and through histories of imperial knowledge." * French Studies *"[A] call to action that makes important interventions, not only into the history of science, environmental history, and the history of global knowledge exchange, but also into contemporary debates surrounding the entanglements of environment and politics. The book is richly researched and will no doubt become standard reading for anyone interested in the exigency of indigenous ecological knowledge or the importance of environment for the justification, implementation, and practice of European colonization in the early modern period." * Agricultural History Review *"Christopher M. Parsons tells a new and highly original story about how various people involved in the French colonization of North America understood the landscape of the New World and how these changing understandings affected and shaped the larger project of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French colonialism." * Robert Morrissey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign *"Christopher M. Parsons's detailed account of the exchange of botanical information between New France and its metropolis sheds new light on the development of environmental knowledge about the colony, understood in an appropriately broad geographical framework." * Colin Coates, York University *"Re-examining the texts of French settlers and missionaries in what's now Canada, Parsons challenges our assumptions about the environmental history of North America, and charts new routes toward a global history of early modern science." * Nicholas Dew, McGill University *

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn The Captive Sea, Daniel Hershenzon explores the entangled histories of Muslim and Christian captives—and, by extension, of the Spanish Empire, Ottoman Algiers, and Morocco—in the seventeenth century to argue that piracy, captivity, and redemption helped shape the Mediterranean as an integrated region at the social, political, and economic levels. Despite their confessional differences, the lives of captives and captors alike were connected in a political economy of ransom and communication networks shaped by Spanish, Ottoman, and Moroccan rulers; ecclesiastic institutions; Jewish, Muslim, and Christian intermediaries; and the captives themselves, as well as their kin. Hershenzon offers both a comprehensive analysis of competing projects for maritime dominance and a granular investigation of how individual lives were tragically upended by these agendas. He takes a close look at the tightly connected and ultimately failed attempts to ransom an Algerian Muslim girl sold into slavery in Livorno in 1608; the son of a Spanish marquis enslaved by pirates in Algiers and brought to Istanbul, where he converted to Islam; three Spanish Trinitarian friars detained in Algiers on the brink of their departure for Spain in the company of Christians they had redeemed; and a high-ranking Ottoman official from Alexandria, captured in 1613 by the Sicilian squadron of Spain. Examining the circulation of bodies, currency, and information in the contested Mediterranean, Hershenzon concludes that the practice of ransoming captives, a procedure meant to separate Christians from Muslims, had the unintended consequence of tightly binding Iberia to the Maghrib.Trade Review"[A] thoroughly researched, clearly structured, convincingly argued and richly documented monograph on slavery in the early modern western Mediterranean . . . It is time to follow the stories of how enslaved people shaped the communities at home and abroad, and Hershenzon's book will be an indispensable part of this enterprise." * Bulletin of Spanish Studies *"The breadth and depth of research, the insight with which Hershenzon draws out the significance of the sources, and the clarity of his writing all make this an impressive and convincing book." * Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies *"Daniel Hershenzon persuasively shows how captivity both tore slaves from their communities and connected those communities across the Western Mediterranean. Extensively researched and bracingly argued, The Captive Sea demonstrates the agency and impact of captives in an enduringly entangled Mediterranean world." * Barbara Fuchs, University of California, Los Angeles *"A serious, probing look at early modern Mediterranean slavery. Daniel Hershenzon locates new and highly personalized sources within the vast bureaucratic archives of Spain and then wields them to identify and theorize the expectations and logics of behavior that underlay the captives' struggles to obtain freedom." * James Amelang, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid *

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow white advocates of emancipation abandoned African American causes in the dark days of Reconstruction, told through the stories of four Minnesotans White people, Frederick Douglass said in a speech in 1876, were “the children of Lincoln,” while black people were “at best his stepchildren.” Emancipation became the law of the land, and white champions of African Americans in the state were suddenly turning to other causes, regardless of the worsening circumstances of black Minnesotans. Through four of these “children of Lincoln” in Minnesota, William D. Green’s book brings to light a little known but critical chapter in the state’s history as it intersects with the broader account of race in America.In a narrative spanning the years of the Civil War and Reconstruction, the lives of these four Minnesotans mark the era’s most significant moments in the state, the Midwest, and the nation for the Republican Party, the Baptist church, women’s suffrage, and Native Americans. Morton Wilkinson, the state’s first Republican senator; Daniel Merrill, a St. Paul business leader who helped launch the first Black Baptist church; Sarah Burger Stearns, founder and first president of the Minnesota Woman Suffragist Association; and Thomas Montgomery, an immigrant farmer who served in the Colored Regiments in the Civil War: each played a part in securing the rights of African Americans and each abandoned the fight as the forces of hatred and prejudice increasingly threatened those hard-won rights. Moving from early St. Paul and Fort Snelling to the Civil War and beyond, The Children of Lincoln reveals a pattern of racial paternalism, describing how even “enlightened” white Northerners, fatigued with the “Negro Problem,” would come to embrace policies that reinforced a notion of black inferiority. Together, their lives—so differently and deeply connected with nineteenth-century race relations—create a telling portrait of Minnesota as a microcosm of America during the tumultuous years of Reconstruction.Trade Review"Beautifully written and deeply researched, The Children of Lincoln provides intimate portraits of four white Republicans in Minnesota after the Civil War. Having established in his previous books that African Americans were more deeply rooted and influential in the state’s history than previously recognized, William D. Green demonstrates here that Minnesotans also played key roles in debates over racial equality that resonated far beyond state boundaries. He helps us understand not only the nation’s retreat from equality in the late nineteenth century but also the persistence of racial disparities in Minnesota and across the United States today."—William P. Jones, author of The March on Washington: Jobs, Freedom, and the Forgotten History of Civil Rights"William D. Green has done an excellent job of reconstructing the individual lives and decisions made by four Lincoln Republicans who soon after 1865 washed their hands of postemancipation issues, one explicitly asserting, ‘We have done our part.’ He traces how these four (and by analogy most northern white Americans) disengaged from the struggle for equality and sent African Americans into a ‘new era of darkness,’ undermining the very freedoms that the Civil War promised."—Annette Atkins, author of Creating Minnesota: A History from the Inside Out"Green brings to light a little-known but critical chapter in Minnesota’s history through four of these ‘children of Lincoln’ in Minnesota."—Pioneer Press"Extensively researched and well written, Children of Lincoln is an excellent state study in the broader context of post–Civil War history."—CHOICE"Green’s work should become required reading for those interested in the contradictory positions taken by white Republicans who championed black suffrage and equal citizenship rights but eventually abandoned black citizens to navigate by themselves continuing racial hostility and inequalities in both the North and South."—The Annals of IowaTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: “We Have Done Our Part” Part I. The Unforgiving Radical: Morton S. Wilkinson, 1860–1863 1. The Candidate 2. In Defense of the Union 3. The Indian’s Guardian 4. A Wild Panic Prevails 5. Lincoln’s Decision 6. Pike Island Part II. An Officer and a Gentleman: Thomas Montgomery, 1863–1867 7. The First Lieutenant Takes Command 8. Lizzie and the Troubles 9. Freedom and Education 10. Masonic Ties 11. Going Home Part III. The Man on the Seal: Morton S. Wilkinson, 1865–1869 12. By Chicanery and Deception of a Few Politicians 13. Willey’s Amendment 14. A Lesson in Leadership 15. “Good Night” Part IV. The Man in the Shadows: Daniel D. Merrill, 1864–1871 16. “Ole Shady” 17. Called to Serve 18. A Church Is Born and a Pastor Is Found 19. Under His Steady Hand 20. To Be in God’s Favor 21. Of Other Baptist Interests Part V. The Buried Citizen: Sarah Burger Stearns, 1866–1875 22. Celebration, 1875 23. Standing Alone in Minnesota 24. The Lesson of Kansas 25. The Tibbetts Petition 26. Married Women’s Rights and the “King of Manomin” 27. Veto! 28. Back to Work Part VI. The Changed Man: Morton S. Wilkinson, 1869–1876 29. A Curious Vote on the Butler Bill 30. Where the Liberals Went 31. “His Unclassifiable Head” 32. A Republican with Unchanged Views 33. The Force Law 34. Sine Die Epilogue: The Children of Lincoln Notes Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn the tumultuous decades after the Civil War, as the southern white elite reclaimed power, ""racial mixing"" was the central concern of segregationists who strove to maintain ""racial purity."" Segregation - and race itself - was based on the idea that interracial sex posed a biological threat to the white race. In this groundbreaking study, Charles Robinson examines how white southerners enforced anti-miscegenation laws. His findings challenge conventional wisdom, documenting a pattern of selective prosecution under which interracial domestic relationships were punished even more harshly than transient sexual encounters. Robinson shows that the real crime was to suggest that black and white individuals might be equals, a notion which undermined the legitimacy of the economic, political, and social structure of white male supremacy. Robinson examines legal cases from across the South, considering both criminal prosecutions brought by states and civil disputes over marital and family assets. He also looks at U.S. Supreme Court decisions, debates in state legislatures, comments in the U.S. Congressional Record, and newspaper editorials. He not only shows the hardening of racial categories but assesses the attitudes of African Americans about anti-miscegenation laws and intermarriage. Dangerous Liaisons vividly documents the regulation of intimacy and its fundamental role in the construction of race.Trade ReviewA useful volume for those who want to know more about the variety of antimiscegenation laws in the South or the gap between statutory law and legal enforcement." —Journal of American History"Valuable not only for its catalog of laws and cases but also for Robinson’s unwavering attention to enforcement and defiance alike." —Journal of Southern History"The most important book on the actual workings of anti-miscegenation law ever written. . . . Robinson shows over and over again that white authorities were less concerned about interracial sex per se than they were with the possibility of white and black people establishing bona fide romantic and domestic relationships. This is an absolutely novel point." —James T. Campbell, author of Songs of Zion: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa"A comprehensive account not just of the anti-miscegenation laws on the books but also of the implementation of those laws. Thorough, informative, valuable, intriguing. . . . Worthwhile reading." —;Rachel Moran, author of Interracial Intimacy: The Regulation of Race and Romance

Read more less

Book SynopsisFor most of the 20th century, historians have thought that British naval policy was driven by the Anglo-German arms race. After examining a quantity of primary sources, Lambert concludes that Admiralty decision-making was in fact driven by factors unrelated to the German building programme. This volume explores the intrigue and negotiations between the Admiralty and leading domestic politicians and social reformers of the day, such as Herbert H. Asquith, David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill. Lambert also explains how Britain's naval leaders responded to these non-military, cultural challenges under the direction of Adimiral Sir John Fisher, the service head of the Admiralty from 1904 to 1910, who believed in a radically new approach to navel defence. For mainly political reasons, however, Fisher concealed his ""military technological revolution"" and worked surreptitiously to create a new model fleet capable of protecting all of Britain's imperial interests across the globe.Trade ReviewThis extraordinary book examines the radical and multi-faceted solution to the problem of British naval defense in the early 20th century devised by Admiral Sir John Fisher... [Lambert's] study is based upon an intensive investigation of archival sources that surpasses all previous work on the Royal Navy in the steam era. - Proceedings ""This excellent book challenges most of the traditional interpretations of British naval policy in the period before the Great War... a masterful piece of historical dissection, beautifully structured and written with real elegance... this is quite a splendid book and one that it is hard to recommend too highly."" - Journal of Military History

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis is a reconstructed history of a complex Jewish community in Arabia at a critical juncture in world history. The Jewish communities of Arabia had a great influence on the attitudes that Muslims hold toward Jews, and yet relatively little has been written about their history. Through techniques borrowed from anthropology, literary criticism, sociology, and comparative religion, Gordon Darnell Newby reconstructs the understanding of Jewish life in Arabia before and during the time of Muhammad. In addition, this material is used to develop a perspective on the interconfessional relations between Judaism and Islam during an era when the latter was at one of its most dynamic stages of growth.Trade ReviewA daring venture... because of its attempt at reconstructing the history of a once-important but little-known group based on very sparse data. - Religious Studies Review ""The Jews of Arabia maintained a thriving, vital Diaspora community for centuries. While Muhammad was spreading Islam around Medina in the seventh century, there were Arabian Jewish merchants, poets, pastoral nomads, farmers, sculptors, and warriors. One of the findings of this scholarly synthesis is that Arabian Jewry influenced Muhammad's developing vision of his prophetic mission.... By identifying a body of shared experiences of Jews and Muslims, Newby's study gives hope for peaceful coexistence in the Middle East."" - Publishers Weekly

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn encyclopedic selection of original documents from the Austrian capital's pathbreaking, progressive interwar period, translated and with contextualizing introductions and commentaries. Immediately after World War I, in 1919, the Austrian capital Vienna elected a Social Democratic majority that persisted until 1934. The city's leaders, together with its intellectuals, boldly imagined a new society that would be economically just, scientifically rigorous, and radically democratic. "Red Vienna" undertook experiments in public housing, welfare, and education while maintaining a world-class presence in science, music, literature, theater, andother fields of cultural production. Though Red Vienna eventually fell victim to fascist violence, it left a rich legacy with potential to inform our own tumultuous times. The Red Vienna Sourcebook provides scholars and students with a selection of some 280 key texts from the period, carefully translated and introduced. These texts connect readers to the era's most fascinating discussions, movements, and personalities and will be of interest to such diverse disciplines as architecture, economics, film studies, history, Jewish studies, literary studies, music, philosophy, political science, psychology, sociology, sports, and women's studies.Trade ReviewThe Sourcebook deserves recognition as a fine scholarly achievement, and as an outstanding resource for students and scholars alike. The primary editors and contributors deserve our thanks and plaudits. * AUSTRIAN HISTORY YEARBOOK *

Read more less

Book SynopsisJohn Gregory Bourke kept a monumental set of diaries as aide-de-camp to Brigadier General George Crook. This second volume (of a projected set of six) opens as Crook prepares for the expedition that would lead to his infamous and devastating Horse Meat March. Although Bourke retains his loyalty to Crook throughout the detailed account, his patience is sorely tried at times. Bourke's description of the march is balanced by an appendix containing letters and reports by others such as Lt. Walter Schuyler and Surgeon Bennett Clements. The diary continues with the story of the Powder River Expedition, culminating in Bourke's eyewitness description of Col. Ranald Mackenzie's destruction of the main Cheyenne camp in what became known as the Dull Knife Fight. Bourke finishes this volume with a retrospective of his service in Tucson, Arizona. Each volume in the series is extensively annotated and contains a biographical appendix on Indians, civilians, and military personnel named in the volume.Trade ReviewThe University of North Texas Press deserves the thanks of all those interested in the North American Indian wars for undertaking the publication of this invaluable primary source. - Journal of Military History

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe social movements of the 1960s - still vital and challenging - seen through the author's experiences as a civil rights activist, a feminist, an antiwar organizer, and a radical teacher. Today, some fifty years after, we celebrate - or excoriate - "the Sixties." Using his wide-ranging experience as an activist and writer, Paul Lauter examines the values, the exploits, the victories, the implications, and sometimes the failings, of the "Movement" of that conflicted time. In Our Sixties, Lauter writes about movement activities from the perspective of a full-time participant: 1964 Mississippi freedom schools; Students for a Democratic Society (SDS); the Morgan community school in Washington, DC, which he headed; a variety of antiwar, antidraft actions; the New University Conference, a radical group of faculty and graduate students; The Feminist Press, which he helped found; and the United States Servicemen's Fund, an organization supporting antiwar GIs. He got fired, got busted, got published, and even got tenure. He honed his skills writing for the New York Review of Books among other magazines. As a teacher he created innovative courses ranging from "Revolutionary Literature" and "Contesting the Canon" to "The Sixties in Fiction, Poetry, and Film." He led the development of the groundbreaking Heath Anthology of American Literature and remains its general editor. Lauter's book offers both a retrospective look at the social justice struggles of the Sixties and an account of how his participation in these struggles has shaped his life. Social history as well as personal chronicle, this account is for those who recall that turbulent decade as well as for those who seek to better understand its impact on American politics and society in our current era.Trade ReviewA gripping portrayal of a dramatic era from the unique perspective of a keen observer, astute analyst, and direct participant in all its complex stages. In the author's words, 'a book about the transformation of minds, my own and many others,' and of the country, with rich lessons for those taking up the struggle today. -- Noam ChomskyPaul Lauter 'stumbled' into the sixties, but he emerged (re)formed--by feminism, civil rights, the antiwar movement, black studies, personal catastrophe - and, not least, by his love of literature, especially poetry. Sixty years later, in another age of 'illegitimate authority,' his insights about resistance are invaluable, enlightening, and ever more necessary. -- Mary Helen Washington, author of The Other Blacklist: The African American Literary and Cultural Left of the 1950sA veteran of some of the most remarkable progressive movements of the past sixty years, the distinguished scholar and teacher Paul Lauter examines his life and times with frankness, down-to-earth humor, and hard-won insight. -- Richard Yarborough, professor of English and African American studies, University of California, Los AngelesSince the 1960s, Paul Lauter has been one of our most significant and effective educators. In this memoir of the sixties he provides eyewitness recollections of many of the dramas of protest as well as much-needed reflection on the visions, experiments, and legacies of that time. -- Richard Flacks, coauthor, Making History, Making Blintzes: How Two Red Diaper Babies Found Each Other and Discovered AmericaLauter's clear-eyed account of the activist movements of the sixties - their successes and failures as well as the enriching consequences of activism on his own life - is an indispensable narrative for anyone committed to countering the many threats to democracy in America today. -- Sandra Zagarell, Longman Professor of English Emerita, Oberlin CollegeBeautifully written, it offers solid information and sound, sharp commentary on the events that marked the revolutionary era of the 1960s in the United States (US). The author's deep knowledge of American culture together with a bright sense of humor and a shrewd, witty tone, makes it a pleasure to read. Indeed, Our Sixties should be required reading for those who want to understand the civil rights movements in the US in the 1960s and the connected struggles against inequality, discrimination, segregation, oppression, racism, poverty, sexism - and war. -- Maria Irene Ramalho * Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais *Paul Lauter's new book - a task of twenty years! - presents itself as "a memoir," "the result of the author's recollection [...] a subjective account of events that occurred in his life." The reader is indeed exposed to an honest and self-critical reappraisal of a long and rich life story of an intellectual profoundly committed to political causes. But, at the same time, the reader is given access to a personal lens into "the sixties" as a founding moment in the history of the United States of America. * European Journal of American Studies *Lauter provides useful background and intimate details about many events and organizations. Movement veterans with an interest in the educational wars of the sixties and seventies will find Lauter's book especially interesting. He has much to teach younger activists concerning movement dynamics. -- Martin Oppenheimer * Against the Current Magazine *The first question one asks when considering a memoir is: Why would I want to know about this person? In Paul Lauter's case, there are many reasons, especially for anyone interested in how life experience draws a person into political activity, and how that activity leads them to groundbreaking progressive political action. Lauter has lived through decades of unstable academic employment interlaced with jobs as an organizer in various movements. This can serve as a model for many young activists these days, for whom this book will be a valuable resource. * JOURNAL OR WORKING CLASS STUDIES *Table of ContentsThe Movement and Me Among Friends in Philly Mississippi Summer - A Quaker Vacation Professing at Smith and Selma Return to Mississippi (Goddam) The Draft - From Protest to Resistance? Dreaming of a Freedom School in DC (For Bob Silvers) Resisting A New University? A Working-Class Movement of GIs A Man in the Women's Movement Where We Went and What We Did (and Did Not) Learn There Authority and Our Discontents Appendix A: A Call to Resist Illegitimate Authority Appendix B: Syllabus for a Course on the Sixties

Read more less

Book SynopsisAs Charles Frazier's novel Cold Mountain dramatizes, dissenters from the Confederacy lived in mortal danger throughout the South. In scattered pockets from the Carolinas to the frontier in Texas, these dissenters, or ""brush men,"" often died at the hands of their own neighbors as a result of their belief in the Union or an unwillingness to preserve the slaveholding Confederacy. Brush Men and Vigilantes tells the story of how dissent, fear, and economics developed into mob violence in the Sulphur Forks river valley northeast of Dallas. Authors David Pickering and Judy Falls have combed through court records, newspapers, letters, and other primary sources and have collected extended-family lore to relate the details of how vigilantes captured and killed more than a dozen men. Betrayed by links to a well-known Union guerrilla, many dissenters were captured, tried in mock courts, and hanged. Still others met their death by sniper fire or private execution. Their story begins before the Civil War, as the authors describe the particular social and economic conditions that gave rise to such tension and violence. Four more chapters follow, each detailing the horror and hysteria that characterized post-Civil War Texas.Trade Review...a fine example of how, with breadth and depth of research and a good grasp of the historiographical issues, local history can personalize the great events of politics and war. - Journal of Southern History

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe campaign of 1896 gave the public one of the most dramatic and interesting battles of political oratory in American history, even though, ironically, its issues faded quickly into insignificance after the election. In what is often thought of as a single-issue campaign, William Jennings Bryan delivered his famous ""Cross of Gold"" speech but lost the election. Meanwhile, William McKinley addressed a range of topics in more than three hundred speeches - without ever leaving his front porch. William D. Harpine traces the campaign month-by-month to show the development of Bryan's rhetoric and the stability of McKinley's. Beyond adding depth and detail to the scholarly understanding of the 1896 presidential campaign itself, this book casts light on the importance of historical perspective in understanding rhetorical efforts in politics.Trade Review... demolishes the images of McKinley as a vapid politician and Bryan as a rube. [Harpine's] study of the 1896 presidential campaign instead depicts two sophisticated and resourceful opponents who employ strategies of persuasion that are sometimes novel and at other times as old as those used by ancient Greek orators. - Philip Abbott, Wayne State University

Read more less

Book SynopsisHelen Barrett Montgomery (1861-1934) was a social reformer, a Baptist luminary, and a prominent intellectual of the American women's ecumenical missionary movement. In this definitive biography, Kendal Mobley analyzes the intellectual development of a fascinating woman and locates her in the context of her rapidly-changing times. Mobley explores Montgomery's early family influences, her education and spiritual development, and her relationship with other notable individuals of the era, including Susan B. Anthony. As Mobley points out, Montgomery believed that Christianity gave women equal spiritual and social status with men. Consequently, she saw ""woman's work for woman"" as the cutting edge of a global movement for women's emancipation.Trade ReviewA pioneering insight into the life and contribution of one of the most significant, yet overlooked, women of her time. -Laceye Warner, Associate Dean for Academic Formation and Programs, Associate Professor of the Practice of Evangelism and Methodist Studies, Duke University Divinity SchoolThis is the finest work available on one of the most important women in the history of American Christianity. -Dana L. Robert, Truman Collins Professor of World Christianity and History of Mission, Boston University School of TheologyWith fresh eyes, Kendal Mobley has judiciously researched and unearthed new facets of this remarkable woman. -Molly T. Marshall, President and Professor of Theology and Spiritual Formation, Central Baptist Theological SeminaryMobley's reinterpretation of Montgomery's intellectual and social sphere [makes] Helen Barrett Montgomery a read for historians interested in "New Women" who do now easily fit into preconceived categories. -- Howell Williams, Louisville, KY -- The Journal of Church HistoryTable of ContentsACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CHAPTER1. HELEN BARRET MONTGOMERY: THE INTERPRETIVE CHALLENGE2. "THE FATHERHOOD OF GOD AND THE VICTORIAN FAMILY": THE CHILDHOOD AND EARLY EDUCATION OF HELEN BARRETT 3. EVANGELISM, PROGRESSIVISM, AND DOMESTICITY: HELEN BARRETT'S WELLESLEY4. THE NEW WOMAN AT WORK, HOME, AND IN PUBLIC: HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY'S RETURN TO ROCHESTER5. MONTGOMERY'S "NEW WOMAN" AND THE LIMITLESS SCOPE OF WOMAN AS CITIZEN 6. SUSAN B. ANTHONY AND HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY: AN INTERGENERATIONAL FEMINIST PARTNERSHIP 7. THE ROCHESTER WOMEN'S EDUCATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNION: MONTGOMERY'S PLATFORM FOR MUNICIPAL HOUSEKEEPING8. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY, WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH, AND THE BATTLE FOR PROGRESSIVE PUBLIC EDUCATION9. THE HACKETT HOUSE EPISODE AND THE BIRTH OF SOCIAL CENTERS 10. "A GREAT THEME": DOMESTIC FEMINISM AND THE GOSPEL OF THE WOMEN'S JUBILEE 11. AFTER THE JUBILEE: WOMEN'S COLLEGES AND "WORLD FRIENDSHIP" 12. A "MIDDLE-OF-THE-ROAD BAPTIST": CREEDALISM AND THE DEFENSE OF BAPTIST LIBERTY 13. CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Treaty of Nanking, signed between Great Britain and China to end the First Opium War (1839-1842), created a new framework for Chinese foreign relations and overseas trade that would last for nearly a century. The story behind this treaty features a culture clash between two great powers, with incidents of cultural misunderstanding, unappreciated gifts, drug smuggling, bribery, and piracy, as well as fortunes won and lost, millions of pounds of opium destroyed, prayers to the spirit of the Southern Sea, and serious debates over kowtowing. One of the most interesting and yet not widely known documents of the 19th century, the Treaty of Nanking forever changed the course of Chinese history and completely reshaped China's future relations with the West. Read in this captivating book about this fascinating time when the West sought to establish a lasting relationship with China, a formidable power in the East.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Guitar in America offers a history of the instrument from America's late Victorian period to the Jazz Age. The narrative traces America's BMG (banjo, mandolin, and guitar) community, a late nineteenth-century musical and commercial movement dedicated to introducing these instruments into America's elite musical establishments.Using surviving BMG magazines, the author details an almost unknown history of the guitar during the movement's heyday, tracing the guitar's transformation from a refined parlor instrument to a mainstay in jazz and popular music. In the process, he not only introduces musicians (including numerous women guitarists) who led the movement, but also examines new techniques and instruments. Chapters consider the BMG movement's impact on jazz and popular music, the use of the guitar to promote attitudes towards women and minorities, and the challenges foreign guitarists such as Miguel Llobet and Andres Segovia presented to America's musicians.This volume opens a new chapter on the guitar in America, considering its cultivated past and documenting how banjoists and mandolinists aligned their instruments to it in an effort to raise social and cultural standing. At the same time, the book considers the BMG community within America's larger musical scene, examining its efforts as manifestations of this country's uneasy coupling of musical art and commerce.

Read more less

Book Synopsis“Execute against Japan should be required reading for naval officers (especially in submarine wardrooms), as well as for anyone interested in history, policy, or international law.” - Adm. James P. Wisecup, President, US Naval War College (for Naval War College Review)Trade Review“ . . . until now how the Navy managed to instantaneously move from the overt legal restrictions of the naval arms treaties that bound submarines to the cruiser rules of the eighteenth century to a declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor has never been explained. Lieutenant Holwitt has dissected this process and has created a compelling story of who did what, when, and to whom.” - The Submarine Review “Although the policy of unrestricted air and submarine warfare proved critical to the Pacific war’s course, this splendid work is the first comprehensive account of its origins—illustrating that historians have by no means exhausted questions about this conflict.” - World War II Magazine“US Navy submarine officer Joel Ira Holwitt has performed an impressive feat with this book. . . . Holwitt is to be commended for not shying away from moral judgments . . . This is a superb book that fully explains how the United States came to adopt a strategy regarded by many as illegal and tantamount to ‘terror’.” - Military Review

Read more less

Book SynopsisA Special Relationship provides not only a historical overview of the British in Hollywood, but also a detailed study of the contributions made by American individuals and companies to British cinema from the beginning of the twentieth century onwards. The story begins with Ohio-born Charles Urban who came to London in 1898 and deserves credit for major involvement in the creation of a British film industry. While Ireland was still a part of Britain, the New York-based Kalem Company made films there from 1910 to 1913. British producers realized the importance of American stars, and many actors, beginning with Florence Turner (who was arguably also the first American star), made numerous British films. In the 1920s, such Hollywood stars as Mae Marsh, Betty Blythe, and Dorothy Gish remained active in Britain. In the 1930s, as their careers came to a halt, more than one hundred former American stars made the trip to England, partly as a vacation and partly in the hope of reenergizing their careers.Chapters discuss American cinematographers at work in Britain in the 1920s and 1930s and the introduction of Technicolor to British films. Diversity is represented by African American performers (most notably Paul Robeson), the Chinese American star Anna May Wong, along with female filmmakers from Hollywood. With Britain's declaration of war on Germany, there were Americans who stayed, such as Bebe Daniels and Ben Lyon, contributing to the war effort. America became actively involved in British cinema after World War II, with many Hollywood studios producing films there. As the years progressed, the British film industry became an international film industry. The book concludes with the Harry Potter and James Bond series, indicative of a new international cinema, with financing and behind-the-camera talent coming from the United States, but with British locales and British stars.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe story of the critical reception of Crane's great Civil War novel from its publication to the present, with particular attention to the effects of later wars on that reception. Stephen Crane's masterpiece The Red Badge of Courage was a sensation when it first appeared in 1895: many readers were astonished that this upstart, born after the Civil War, had written the single best novel on the subject. It remains one of the best books on the experience of war in American literature. Since its publication, The Red Badge has been repeatedly subjected to new scrutiny - not only by the passing of time and the changing of critical trends, but by every new war - to see if Crane's story still holds its power. So far, it has done so, not just in the eyes of literary critics but also among soldiers. The two world wars, Korea, Vietnam, the Gulf War, and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan: all these have shaped the book's critical reception; and veterans, many of whom have commended Crane's insight into the experience of battle, have significantly affected how it has been read and understood. After World War I, Red Badge was closely associated with modernist novels written by those with wartime experience, Ernest Hemingway most importantly. After World War II and Korea, the book resonated with the manyveterans the G.I. Bill brought into the classroom to study American literature, some of whom became critics themselves. And during and after Vietnam and the other controversial wars that have followed, Crane's book has continuedto call forth a steady stream of critical response. Kevin J. Hayes's book is the story of the critical reception of The Red Badge both in and out of war.Table of ContentsIntroduction "Read the Badge" Red Badge in the Trenches The Rise of Literary History The Red Badge of Courage and World War II Academia after the War The Vietnam Era Trauma, Disability and the War on Terror Works Cited

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn extensive look at historical, literary, and media representations of '68 in Germany, challenging the way it has been instrumentalized. In Germany, the concept of "1968" is enduring and synonymous with the German Student Movement, and is viewed, variously, as a fundamental liberalization, a myth, a second foundation, or an irritation. The movement's aims - radicalre-imagination of the political and economic order and social hierarchy - have been understood as requiring a "long march." While the movement has been judged at best a "successful failure," cultural elites continue to engage inthe construction of 1968. Ingo Cornils's book argues that writing about 1968 in Germany is no longer about the historical events or the specific objectives of a bygone counterculture, but is instead a moral touchstone, a marker ofsocial group identity meant to keep alive (or at bay) a utopian agenda that continues to fire the imagination. The book demonstrates that the representation of 1968 as a "foundational myth" suits the needs of a number of surprisingly heterogeneous groups, and that even attempts to deconstruct the myth strengthen it. Cornils brings together for the first time the historical, literary, and media representations of the movement, showing the motivation behindand effect of almost five decades of writing about 1968. In so doing, Cornils challenges the way 1968 has been instrumentalized: as a powerful imaginary that has colonized every aspect of life in Germany, and as symbolic capitalin cultural and political debates. Ingo Cornils is Professor of German Studies at the University of Leeds.Trade Review[V]ery important and useful . . . . Cornils analyses the 'successful failure' of the student revolt in Germany and the cultural construction of its myth in . . . all its components. -- Mauro Ponzi * LINKS *[A]n illuminating meta-history, not so much about 1968 as about the representation and mythologization of it. -- Hans Kundnani * TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT *[I]ndispensable to anyone seeking to understand why '1968' is still written about and why it still matters so much in Germany. -- Joachim Whaley * JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES *[M]eticulously researched and captivatingly narrated. . . . It is especially in the[] discursive shifts [that he describes and analyzes] -[which] concur with the shifts in German politics of memory in general - that the decisive benefit of Cornils' analysis appears. -- Ivana Perica * THEORY & EVENT *[A] meticulously researched and well executed analysis of the never-ending story of 1968, which draws on memory studies and expands on it. [Cornils's] comprehensive study is indispensable to everyone interested in understanding the meaning of the student movement in and for Germany . . . . -- Sabine von Dirke * GERMAN STUDIES REVIEW *The author has mastered the extensive literature and produced an engaging account of one of West Germany's most critical postwar periods. Highly recommended. * CHOICE *Cornils's impressive collection of materials that engage with 1968 mirrors the breathlessness of the events and the wide range of their interpretations and appropriations. * GERMAN QUARTERLY *[E]xcellent . . . . The significance of Cornils's work is . . . its releasing '1968' from history, handing it over to the present. . . . [F]ills a major gap . . . . * MODERN LANGUAGE REVIEW *[T]his volume . . . confirms the status of the author as a leading British-based expert in the area. . . . Cornils [writes] with infectious enthusiasm on a subject close to his heart. . . . [A] knowledgeable and readable book . . . . * JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN STUDIES *Table of ContentsIntroduction Heroes and Martyrs Chroniclers and Interpreters Critics and Renegades Talespinners and Poets Women of the Revolution "1968" and the Media "1968" and the Arts Zaungäste Not Dark Yet: The 68ers at 70 Romantic Relapse or Modern Myth? Conclusion Notes Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisEmphasizing the role of and portrayal of emotion, this study argues for the inclusion of six late-eighteenth-century German-language novels by and about women in a revised canon. Literature written by women in German during the "Age of Goethe" was largely considered unworthy Trivialliteratur. Using insights from Gender Studies yet acknowledging the need for a literary canon, Great Books by German Women offers a critical interpretation of six canon-worthy German novels written by women in the period, which it calls the "Age of Emotion." The novels are chosen because they depict women's ordinary yet interesting lives and because each contains prose particularly expressive of emotion. Sophie von La Roche's Die Geschichte des Fräuleins von Sternheim draws on the tradition of the epistolary novel while finding new ways to depict empathetic emotions. Friederike Unger's Julchen Grünthal brings to the Frauenroman or women's novel the use of irony to portray a heroine's emotions during her coming of age. Sophie Mereau's Blütenalter der Empfindung imagines women's affinity for the philosophical sublime, while Caroline Wolzogen depicts female desire in her Agnes von Lilien: both add lyricism to their prose, capturing sensual emotions. Karoline Fischer's Die Honigmonathe explores the agony that extreme emotions cause - not only for women but for men. And Caroline Pichler's Frauenwürde expands the focus from a young heroine to multiple mature characters. This study concludes that the influence of these six works was in no way trivial, either in portraying women's lives and emotions or in the history of German literature.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Passion and Prejudice: Toward a New Literary Canon for the German Novel 1: An Anglophile Fräulein and Her Epistolary Emotions: Die Geschichte des Fräuleins von Sternheim (1771) by Sophie von La Roche 2: Reading for Pleasure vs. Reading for Pain: Julchen Grünthal: Eine Pensionsgeschichte (1784) by Friederike Unger 3: Sympathy for the Sublime: Das Blütenalter der Empfindung (1794) by Sophie Mereau 4: The Legitimacy of Passionate Narrative and the Metanarrative of Anonymity: Agnes von Lilien (1796) by Caroline von Wolzogen 5: Monstrous Pathos and the Agony of Female Influence: Die Honigmonathe(1804) by Caroline Fischer 6: Adultery Rewarded: Women's Emotions and Men's Indignity in Frauenwürde (1818) by Caroline Pichler Conclusion: Great Books, Or: The Laurel Wreath as a Mixed Blessing Appendix A: Publication Information and Plot Summaries, Chronologically Listed Appendix B: Biographies of the Novelists Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Goethe Yearbook is a publication of the Goethe Society of North America, showcasing North American and international scholarship on Goethe and other authors and aspects of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Volume 30 seeks to prompt discussion of new directions in eighteenth-century scholarship with special sections on Enlightenment legacies of race and on the robust scholarship that rethinks the eighteenth-century body beyond the human organism. Beyond the two special sections there are articles on Wieland's Alceste, several essays on sex and gender (e.g., on Goethe's Werther; on gender, genre, and authorship in La Roche and Goethe; and on continued gender bias in scholarship on the German eighteenth century), a co-authored article on Goethe's Roman elegies, and an article on performativity and gestures in Kleist. The customary book review section rounds out the volume.Table of ContentsEditors' Preface Patricia Anne Simpson and Birgit Tautz ESSAYS Wielands Singspiel Alceste, ein Stein des Anstoßes für Goethe? Hans Hahn Lotte's Bird, Female Desire, and the Language of 'Sexuality' in Leiden des jungen Werthers Carl Niekerk La Roche and Goethe: Gender, Genre, and Authorship Maryann Piel The Persistence of Bias in Eighteenth-Century Studies Margaretmary Daley Things of Art and Amor: Mediation in Goethe's Römische Elegien Sebastian Meixner and Carolin Rocks Reading Performatively: Disruptive Gestures in Heinrich von Kleist Katherine Pollock NEW DIRECTIONS Re-Examining (White) Enlightenment Legacies Through a German Lens Birgit Tautz and Patricia Anne Simpson Fractured Visions, New Horizons: Debates in Eighteenth-Century Studies Beyond German Studies Birgit Tautz Black Actors: Eighteenth-Century Cultures and Decolonial Fantasies Patricia Anne Simpson Interior Whiteness: Race and the "Rise of the Novel" Sarah V. Eldridge Racial Classification, Slavery, and Human Rights: The Impacts of the Transatlantic Order in Eighteenth-Century Germany Sigrid Köhler and Claudia Nitzschke FORUM Unexpected Bodies in the Eighteenth Century Introduction and Select Bibliography Patricia Anne Simpson and Birgit Tautz Mind over Body? Stigma, Staring, and the Self Anna C. Spafford Unexpected Bodies of Water: On the "Blue" Goethezeit Benjamin D. Schluter Queering Material Nature: Bewitched Bodies and the Limits of the Enlightenment Melissa Sheedy Plants as Unexpected Bodies Heather Sullivan Euphorion as an Aesthetic Body Heidi Grek Book Reviews

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Atlantic Economy during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries is a collection of essays focusing on the expansion, elaboration, and increasing integration of the economy of the Atlantic basin--comprising parts of Europe, West Africa, and the Americas--during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In thirteen essays, the contributors examine the complex and variegated processes by which markets were created in the Atlantic basin and how they became integrated.While a number of the contributors focus on the economic history of a specific European imperial system, others, mirroring the realities of the world they are writing about, transcend imperial boundaries and investigate topics shared throughout the region. In the latter case, the contributors focus either on processes occurring along the margins or interstices of empires, or on ""breaches"" in the colonial systems established by various European powers. Taken together, the essays shed much-needed light on the organization and operation of both the European imperial orders of the early modern era and the increasingly integrated economy of the Atlantic basin challenging these orders over the course of the same period.Trade ReviewRosenfeld explores the causes of Roth's apartness and alienation from society, his feelings of nonidentity, and the inner conflicts that led to his premature death--and in the process, he brings the reader ever closer to this remarkable writer without a homeland."" - Choice""Thoughtful and carefully written a useful, up-to-date guide to Roth Scholarship."" - German Studies Review""The editor of the series Understanding European and Latin American Literature, which I consider an excellent autodidactic course in comparative literature has wisely included Joseph Roth, whose genius has hardly been recognized until now, over twenty years after his death. Rosenfeld includes not only synopses of Roth's numerous works but also a valuable biographical list, a nearly exhaustive bibliography, and a brilliant epilogue dealing with the enigma of Roth's ambivalent attitude toward his Galician/Jewish background and his patriotism-engendered attraction to Catholicism. Add to all this some profound insights of literary criticism, for which readers should be duly thankful."" - Robert Schwarz, World Literature Today

Read more less

Book SynopsisAlthough scholars often depict early modern Spanish women as victims, history and fiction of the period are filled with examples of women who defended their God-given right to make their own decisions and to define their own identities. The essays in Women Warriors in Early Modern Spain examine many such examples, demonstrating how women battled the status quo, defended certain causes, challenged authority, and broke barriers. Such women did not necessarily engage in masculine pursuits, but often used cultural production and engaged in social subversion to exercise resistance in the home, in the convent, on stage, or at their writing desks. Published by University of Delaware Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCrossing the remote, southern tip of Africa has fired the imagination of European travellers from the time Bartholomew Dias opened up the passage to the East by rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1488. Dutch, British, French, Danes, and Swedes formed an endless stream of seafarers who made the long journey southwards in pursuit of wealth, adventure, science, and missionary, as well as outright national, interest. Beginning by considering the early hunter-gatherer inhabitants of the Cape and their culture, Malcolm Jack focuses in his account on the encounter that the European visitors had with the Khoisan peoples, sometimes sympathetic but often exploitative from the time of the Portuguese to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833. This commercial and colonial background is key to understanding the development of the vibrant city that is modern Cape Town, as well as the rich diversity of the Cape hinterland. Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.Trade Review"This skillfully marshalled and elegantly recounted history opens up new pathways into the European cultural and intellectual past whilst underlining the mystical, mesmeric power of the Cape, that 'master link of connection between the western and eastern world.'"— The Bulletin of the National Library of South Africa "For European visitors who called at the Cape in past centuries its "otherness" - the iconic mountain, the unusual fauna and flora, the indigenous people and their alien culture - was forever the subject of wonder. This sense of awe is strongly evoked in Malcolm Jack's new book."— Cape Times "Anyone interested in travellers’ accounts will want to read Malcolm Jack’s lively and well-researched discussion of how visitors, from the Portuguese in the late 15th century to Lady Herschel in the 1830s, viewed the Cape and its people. Along with the sometimes colourful accounts the travelers gave of what they saw as the exotic landscape, fauna and flora of the Cape, Malcolm Jack focuses on their perceptions of the indigenous Khoisan, perceptionsthat helped shape the way the early colonial society developed."— Chris Saunders, Professor of History Emeritus, UCT "This commercial and colonial background is key to understanding the development of the vibrant city that is modern Cape Town, as well as the rich diversity of the Cape hinterland."— PEN South Africa "This book is a gift for anyone who is interested in the people of the world living together. It is written in elegant prose and makes its concern pointedly clear. Apart from the people, it is the impressive landscape and nature of South Africa which fascinates the author and for which he finds heavenly words. It is essential to see these features of the overall picture because they gave the people living there for thousands of years a functioning place to live. The book points out strongly that the unity between people and the land was destroyed by the Europeans, but the author avoids any moral indignation and lets the facts alone speak for themselves. The reader who is less familiar with the history of South Africa feels at least at this point the wish to know the country more intensely."— Jahrbuch fur Europäische Überseegeschichte "Malcolm Jack identifies three broad themes in the history of travel literature to the Cape: the Adamastor myth invented by the Portuguese epic poet de Camoëns; the myth of Paradise Lost and of the Noble Savage (a preoccupation of French writers); and the Arcadian image created by British colonial diarists transported by the beauty of the unfamiliar land. To guide the reader Malcolm Jack has chosen a select number of these adventurous authors. He charts their experiences and records their anecdotes and insights — subjective insights seldom to be found in the pages of conventional history books."— Jeremy Lawrence, PEN South Africa "Cape Encounters," by Malcolm Jack— CABO Fine Music Radio "People of Note" interview with Malcolm Jack— Fine Music Radio "People of Note" "Beginning with hunter-gatherer inhabitants of the Cape and their culture, Jack focuses on the encounter that the European visitors had with the Khoisan peoples, sometimes sympathetic but often exploitative from the time of the Portuguese to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833. This commercial and colonial background is key to understanding the development of the vibrant city that is modern Cape Town, as well as the rich diversity of the Cape hinterland."— The Society of Antiquaries of London Online Newsletter "Following a wide selection of visitors to the Cape, ranging from scientists to missionaries, this ground-breaking study centres in the experience of cross-cultural encounter in the colony covering the period from Van Riebeeck’s momentous importation of slaves to the official abolition of slavery in the 1830s. An authority on the European enlightenment and on constitutional law, Malcolm Jack brings exceptional critical resources to bear on a body of writing that is uniquely rich and full of implication. Crammed with new insights, and enlivened by arresting detail, this is a book that will appeal to the general reader as much as to the scholar."— Peter Knox-Shaw, author of Jane Austen and the EnlightenmentTable of Contents List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments 1 Ancient and Mythical Place 2 Adamastor's Reign 3 Paradise Lost 4 Enlightenment Visitors 5 Ennobling the Savage 6 Paradise Regained 7 A Call for Freedom Afterword Notes Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisRecognizing distance as a central concern of the Enlightenment, this volume offers eight essays on distance in art and literature; on cultural transmission and exchange over distance; and on distance as a topic in science, a theme in literature, and a central issue in modern research methods. Through studies of landscape gardens, architecture, imaginary voyages, transcontinental philosophical exchange, and cosmological poetry, Hemispheres and Stratospheres unfurls the early history of a distance culture that influences our own era of global information exchange, long-haul flights, colossal skyscrapers, and space tourism. Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press. Trade Review“In eight wide-ranging essays by prominent scholars, this groundbreaking collection challenges how Enlightenment and long-eighteenth-century researchers need to reassess the interdisciplinary nature, cultural richness, and international scope of this topic. The study ventures into new territories in the international and cultural terrain of distance studies, uncovering uncharted research and future prospects in the digital humanities.” -- Mark Pedreira * Professor of English, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras *“With his characteristic intellectual amplitude, Kevin L. Cope presents in this volume essays on the eighteenth-century ‘prospect’ in art and literature, the function of distance in Italian architecture, the European travel of two South Indian priests, the dislocations and adaptations of ‘long distance’ imaginary voyages, and the possible advantages of ‘distant’ reading—among others. While novel in its core supposition, the volume pays respect to an older, distinguished scholarly orientation that is perfectly in line with our own multidisciplinary moment: the history of ideas.” -- John Scanlan * coeditor of The Age of Johnson *“In eight wide-ranging essays by prominent scholars, this groundbreaking collection challenges how Enlightenment and long-eighteenth-century researchers need to reassess the interdisciplinary nature, cultural richness, and international scope of this topic. The study ventures into new territories in the international and cultural terrain of distance studies, uncovering uncharted research and future prospects in the digital humanities.” -- Mark Pedreira * Professor of English, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras *“With his characteristic intellectual amplitude, Kevin L. Cope presents in this volume essays on the eighteenth-century ‘prospect’ in art and literature, the function of distance in Italian architecture, the European travel of two South Indian priests, the dislocations and adaptations of ‘long distance’ imaginary voyages, and the possible advantages of ‘distant’ reading—among others. While novel in its core supposition, the volume pays respect to an older, distinguished scholarly orientation that is perfectly in line with our own multidisciplinary moment: the history of ideas.” -- John Scanlan * coeditor of The Age of Johnson *Table of Contents List of Illustrations Introduction Part I: Best Seen at a Distance: The Art of the Far Away Looking Down: Observations on Elevation, Prospect Vision, and Eighteenth-Century Imagination Roger D. Lund Space and the Meaning of Distance in Bernardo Vittone’s Architecture William Stargard Change of Air, Change of Self: Long Distance and Human Adaptability in Imaginary Voyages of the Long Eighteenth Century Bärbel Czennia Part II: Culture Over and As Distance Distant Lands, Distant Races, Distant Cultures: Two Eighteenth-Century South Indian Priests Go to Europe Brijraj Singh Connecting Hemispheres, Playing with Distance: Rammohun Roy, an Indian Transnationalist Chandrava Chakravarty Part III: The Nature of Distance New Science, Distant Reading, and Distance as Intersubjectivity Rachel Mann Orbiting Iambs: Enlightenment Cosmology and Conveniently Condensed Immensities Kevin L. Cope Journeys to the Edge: The Idea and Experience of Distance in Archival Research Phyllis Thompson Acknowledgments Bibliography Notes on Contributors Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisOriental Networks explores forms of interconnectedness between Western and Eastern hemispheres during the long eighteenth century, a period of improving transportation technology, expansion of intercultural contacts, and the emergence of a global economy. In eight case studies and a substantial introduction, the volume examines relationships between individuals and institutions, precursors to modern networks that engaged in forms of intercultural exchange. Addressing the exchange of cultural commodities (plants, animals, and artifacts), cultural practices and ideas, the roles of ambassadors and interlopers, and the literary and artistic representation of networks, networkers, and networking, contributors discuss the effects on people previously separated by vast geographical and cultural distance. Rather than idealizing networks as inherently superior to other forms of organization, Oriental Networks also considers Enlightenment expressions of resistance to networking that inform modern skepticism toward the concept of the global network and its politics. In doing so the volume contributes to the increasingly global understanding of culture and communication. Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.Trade Review"The topic is clearly timely, as questions surrounding globalization and networks continue to be some of the most pressing of the twenty-first century. Such questions thus continue to demand historical investigation that is both substantial in its scholarship and innovative in its approach – a dual hurdle that Oriental Networks clears with ease, even panache. The editors are to be commended on their choice of contributions, which impressively encompass canonical and non-canonical writers, and contain an embarrassment of archival riches. The fact that the collection is lavishly, intelligently illustrated is a real bonus, too!" -- Evan Gottlieb * author of Romantic Globalism: British Literature and Modern World Order, 1750-1830 *"Oriental Networks provides ample evidence that the networked worlds of the twenty-first century descend, in crucial ways, from eighteenth-century European experiments in global interconnection, both material and conceptual, with a particular focus on the East. The ambivalence of eighteenth-century orientalisms lends itself to the complex and sometimes unpredictable dynamics of transculturation and exchange within emergent paradigms of empire. These case studies invite response from non-Eurocentric sites of knowledge and thus initiate an important conversation." -- Eugenia Zuroski * author of A Taste for China: English Subjectivity and the Prehistory of Orientalism *Table of Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgment Introduction: Oriental Networks in the Long Eighteenth Century Bärbel Czennia Chapter 1: Knowing and Growing Tea: China, Britain, and the Formation of a Modern Global Commodity Richard Coulton Chapter 2: China-Pugs: The Global Circulation of Chinoiseries, Porcelain, and Lapdogs, 1660–1800 Stephanie Howard-Smith Chapter 3: Green Rubies from the Ganges: Eighteenth-Century Gardening as Intercultural Networking Bärbel Czennia Chapter 4: The Blood of Noble Martyrs: Penelope Aubin’s Global Economy of Virtue as Critique of Imperial Networks Samara Anne Cahill Chapter 5: Robert Morrison and the Dialogic Representation of Imperial China Jennifer L. Hargrave Chapter 6: At Home with Empire? Charles Lamb, the East India Company, and “The South Sea House” James Watt Chapter 7: Commerce and Cosmology on Lord George Macartney’s Embassy to China, 1792–94 Greg Clingham Chapter 8: Extreme Networking: Maria Graham’s Mountaintop, Underground, Intercontinental, and Otherwise Multidimensional Connections Kevin L. Cope Bibliography Index About the Contributors

Read more less

Book SynopsisOriental Networks explores forms of interconnectedness between Western and Eastern hemispheres during the long eighteenth century, a period of improving transportation technology, expansion of intercultural contacts, and the emergence of a global economy. In eight case studies and a substantial introduction, the volume examines relationships between individuals and institutions, precursors to modern networks that engaged in forms of intercultural exchange. Addressing the exchange of cultural commodities (plants, animals, and artifacts), cultural practices and ideas, the roles of ambassadors and interlopers, and the literary and artistic representation of networks, networkers, and networking, contributors discuss the effects on people previously separated by vast geographical and cultural distance. Rather than idealizing networks as inherently superior to other forms of organization, Oriental Networks also considers Enlightenment expressions of resistance to networking that inform modern skepticism toward the concept of the global network and its politics. In doing so the volume contributes to the increasingly global understanding of culture and communication. Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.Trade Review"The topic is clearly timely, as questions surrounding globalization and networks continue to be some of the most pressing of the twenty-first century. Such questions thus continue to demand historical investigation that is both substantial in its scholarship and innovative in its approach – a dual hurdle that Oriental Networks clears with ease, even panache. The editors are to be commended on their choice of contributions, which impressively encompass canonical and non-canonical writers, and contain an embarrassment of archival riches. The fact that the collection is lavishly, intelligently illustrated is a real bonus, too!" -- Evan Gottlieb * author of Romantic Globalism: British Literature and Modern World Order, 1750-1830 *"Oriental Networks provides ample evidence that the networked worlds of the twenty-first century descend, in crucial ways, from eighteenth-century European experiments in global interconnection, both material and conceptual, with a particular focus on the East. The ambivalence of eighteenth-century orientalisms lends itself to the complex and sometimes unpredictable dynamics of transculturation and exchange within emergent paradigms of empire. These case studies invite response from non-Eurocentric sites of knowledge and thus initiate an important conversation." -- Eugenia Zuroski * author of A Taste for China: English Subjectivity and the Prehistory of Orientalism *"The topic is clearly timely, as questions surrounding globalization and networks continue to be some of the most pressing of the twenty-first century. Such questions thus continue to demand historical investigation that is both substantial in its scholarship and innovative in its approach – a dual hurdle that Oriental Networks clears with ease, even panache. The editors are to be commended on their choice of contributions, which impressively encompass canonical and non-canonical writers, and contain an embarrassment of archival riches. The fact that the collection is lavishly, intelligently illustrated is a real bonus, too!" -- Evan Gottlieb * author of Romantic Globalism: British Literature and Modern World Order, 1750-1830 *"Oriental Networks provides ample evidence that the networked worlds of the twenty-first century descend, in crucial ways, from eighteenth-century European experiments in global interconnection, both material and conceptual, with a particular focus on the East. The ambivalence of eighteenth-century orientalisms lends itself to the complex and sometimes unpredictable dynamics of transculturation and exchange within emergent paradigms of empire. These case studies invite response from non-Eurocentric sites of knowledge and thus initiate an important conversation." -- Eugenia Zuroski * author of A Taste for China: English Subjectivity and the Prehistory of Orientalism *Table of Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgment Introduction: Oriental Networks in the Long Eighteenth Century Bärbel Czennia Chapter 1: Knowing and Growing Tea: China, Britain, and the Formation of a Modern Global Commodity Richard Coulton Chapter 2: China-Pugs: The Global Circulation of Chinoiseries, Porcelain, and Lapdogs, 1660–1800 Stephanie Howard-Smith Chapter 3: Green Rubies from the Ganges: Eighteenth-Century Gardening as Intercultural Networking Bärbel Czennia Chapter 4: The Blood of Noble Martyrs: Penelope Aubin’s Global Economy of Virtue as Critique of Imperial Networks Samara Anne Cahill Chapter 5: Robert Morrison and the Dialogic Representation of Imperial China Jennifer L. Hargrave Chapter 6: At Home with Empire? Charles Lamb, the East India Company, and “The South Sea House” James Watt Chapter 7: Commerce and Cosmology on Lord George Macartney’s Embassy to China, 1792–94 Greg Clingham Chapter 8: Extreme Networking: Maria Graham’s Mountaintop, Underground, Intercontinental, and Otherwise Multidimensional Connections Kevin L. Cope Bibliography Index About the Contributors

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe English language arrived in Australia with the first motley bunch of European settlers on 26 January 1788. Today there is clearly a distinctive Australian regional dialect with its own place among the global family of ‘Englishes’. How did this come about? Where did the distinctive pattern, accent, and verbal inventions that make up Aussie English come from? A lively narrative, this book tells the story of the birth, rise and triumphant progress of the colourful dingo lingo that we know today as Aussie English.

Read more less