Health, illness or addiction: social aspects Books

Book SynopsisDrug problems have a profound impact on families. Mothers and fathers, brothers, sisters and children are frequently caught in the maelstrom that drug problems almost inevitably create. Within the UK there is a serious lack of information on the experiences of families attempting to live and cope with a family members' drug problem. Drug Addiction and Families is an exploration of the impact of drug use on families, and of the extent to which current practice meets the needs of families as well as problem drug users.Drawing on a substantial research study comprising interviews with problem drug users and their extended family, Marina Barnard examines the effects of drug use not only on drug users themselves, but also the feelings of anger, sadness, anxiety, shame and loss that are commonly experienced by their extended family. She records the effects of drug use on family dynamics and relationships, including possible social and emotional costs. Its impact on the physical and mental health of family members is also discussed. The author highlights the often overlooked role of grandparents in protecting the children of drug users and considers the perspectives of practitioners such as teachers, social workers and health professionals. The conclusions drawn point to the fact that current service provision, in treating the problem drug user in isolation, fails to address the needs of drug-affected families, and misses the opportunity to develop family-oriented support and treatment.This accessible and insightful book is invaluable reading for drug workers, social workers, health professionals and all practitioners working with families affected by drug use.Trade ReviewBarnard's research demonstrates how drug use affects every level of function within a family. Using a large number of vignettes she covers the problems of drug use from the viewpoint of family members and professionals working with families. From an academic stance this book provides a large amount of material. Her research covers discovery, parenting, growing up with drugs in the family, the role of the extended family and exposure to drugs... Barnard's book highlights the problem that possibly many working in the field of drug misuse already knew. Every library should have a copy of this book and it should read and acted on. -- Mental Health practiceProfessor Marina Barnard works at the Centre for Drug Misuse Research at the University of Glasgow. In Drug Addiction and Families she has created a powerful book. She uses the words of children and adults and it is difficult not to feel moved by the experiences and feelings expressed, nor to avoid sharing Barnard's frustration at the responses of services. The book examines the impact of drug use on all members of the family including the reactions of parents whose child is using drugs, sibling relationships and the affects of parental drug use on children.In 2003, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs published Hidden Harm, its watershed report on parental drug misuse. Not only did it raise awareness, but it was also the catalyst for improvements in service provision and inter-agency working. But Barnard argues that it is not just about systems and processes and she believes there is a need to drill down to, and possibly change, assumptions and relationships between practitioners and families. One key assumption is that a parent who misuses drugs is not necessarily a bad parent. However, as Barnard is right to emphasise, we do no help parents or their children if we fail to recognise the potential for their parental capacity to be compromised, and attempts not to stigmatise should not outweigh the need and preparedness to intervene. For this point alone, the book should be compulsory reading for anyone in contact with a member of a family affected by drug use.Families affected by drug abuse can be helped, but the challenge is to ensure the funding and the aspirations of policy are translated into the actions of service providers. As Barnard says, if we fail to help families we should not say we did not know what they were going through. You won't be able to after reading this book. -- Children Now MagazineThis book is valuable for families living with addiction, to share strategies and experiences... Professor Barnard brings together interview extracts from drug users, their children, siblings, parents and practitioners in what makes for a challenging and powerful read. It provides a stark reminder for a practitioner working with adults that addiction does not only affect the client in front of us. It explores some of the challenges we face - for example, complexities of balancing the therapeutic relationship with child-protection issues. Also considered was the impact of addiction on siblings: how their needs become secondary to that of the user, and potential initiation into drugs from the using sibling. There are also accounts from the extended family, and the role (often unacknowledged) that they play in trying to keep the family together. -- Addiction Treatment TodayThe most common and damaging misunderstanding about drug dependancy is that it only concerns the person using the drugs. If we could just fix the addict then everything else would be alright. It is a perception which not only places enormous pressure on the individual who is dependent on drugs but it also ignores the pain experienced by families and loved ones. One of the first lessons I learned as a recovering alcoholic was that what I considered 'my' problem was in fact a problem for a lot of other people as well. The pain and illness spreads out from the addict to encompass partners, children, siblings and friends. The family can find itself caught in a web of denial, shame, anger and sheer bewilderment as the drug user is pulled away from them by the force of addiction.Marina Barnard has written a powerful book which addresses the crisis faced by families as they attempt to cope with the effects of drug misuse. Her great skill is to blend rigorous research with keen insights and all backed up by a profound humanity. As somebody who knows something of the pain of this territory I cannot recommend her work strongly enough. She both knows and cares - a rare combination in a field where academic studies can too often forget or under-represent the human dimension. -- Fergal Keane, Special Correspondent for BBC NewsTable of ContentsForeword. 1. What is the problem? 2. Family Journeys of Discovery, Adaptation and Expulsion: Cycles of Response to Drugs in the Family. 3. Distorted Roles and Strained Relationships. 4. Practitioner Responses to Mothers and Fathers, Brothers and Sisters of Problem Drug Users. 5. Parenting in the Midst of a Drug Problem. 6. Children Growing Up with Parents who have Drug Problems. 7. Stepping into the Breach: When the Extended Family Takes on the Care of Children. 8. Proliferating Problems: Exposure to Drugs and Drug Initiation. 9. Practitioner Responses to Drugs in the Home. 10. Conclusion: What Needs to Happen? A Case of Tinkering or Overhaul? References. Subject index. Author index.

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Book SynopsisResponding to the Oppression of Addiction brings together the voices of over 40 academics and social work practitioners from across Canada to provide a diverse and multidimensional perspective to the study of addiction. This thoroughly updated edition features eight new chapters and streamlines the content of the previous editions, with chapters condensed and combined to create a more accessible text.The fourth edition features new content on themes such as residential schools, prevention initiatives, special needs of different populations, policy perspectives framed within an anti-oppression standpoint, cognitive behavioral therapy, and the emerging topic of problem gambling. Returning chapters have been updated, with contributors providing more in-depth examinations of trauma-informed approaches. The entire volume has a strengthened anti-oppressive framework, on both an overarching and by-chapter level. This celebrated and varied collection is an indispensable resource for upper-level students, graduate students, and practitioners working in the fields of social work, addictions studies, and the helping professions.Trade Review"Within a holistic framework, this collection of readings offers the current landscape of addictions issues spanning micro, mezzo, and macro levels of practice across Canada. Written by social workers for social workers—plus a moving personal narrative by Thomas Miller, a non-social worker who identifies himself as a Native of Canada—the book highlights intersectionality across a range of marginalized populations and the importance of trauma-informed practice. Useful as a resource for practicing social workers, as a course textbook, or as individual chapters to supplement another textbook."—Kimberly A. Calderwood, PhD, RSW, Full Professor, Department of Social Work, Trent UniversityPraise for the Third Edition:"This new edition begins by providing a necessary and comprehensive foundation to the understanding of addiction. The updated chapters and exciting new content enhance the relevancy of this text as a valuable resource for students, both within the social work curriculum and beyond into practice."—Tracey A. Bone, Faculty of Social Work, University of ManitobaTable of Contents Preface PART 1: CORE CONCEPTS Introduction to the section 1. Creating a Holistic Understanding of Addiction 2. From Laggard to Leader? Drug Policy in Canada 3. Canada's Legal Approach to Substance Use and Addiction 4. The Opioid Crisis in Canada 5. Prevention as Controversy: Harm Reduction PART 2: THE INTERSECTION OF FAMILY AND ADDICTION Introduction to the section 6. Coming Home: Rediscovering the Family in Addiction Treatment in Canada 7. Perinatal Substance Use Disorders 8. The Treatment of Adolescent Substance Misuse 9. Impact of Addiction on Parenting Post-Separation 10. The Intersections of Substance Use, Sexual Activity, and Addiction 11. The Intersection of Intimate Partner Violence and Addiction: A Two-Tail Phenomenon PART 3: A QUESTION OF EQUITY Introduction to the section 12. Understanding the Ultimate Oppression: Addiction in Native Land 13. I Have Kept Too Many Secrets: The Residential School Experience 14. Identifying the Landscape of Substance Use among the Inuit in Nunavut 15. The Experience of Addiction within the Black Community: Treatments and Responses 16. A House with Many Rooms: A Snapshot of Substance Use Across Muslim Populations 17. The Experiences of Chinese Youth in Drug Treatment Programs 18. Understanding Substance Use and Addiction from a Queer Perspective: Towards Mobilizing a Queer-Oriented Harm Reduction Approach 19. Examining the Intersection of Addiction and Issues of Ability 20. Concurrent Disorders and Social Work Intervention PART 4: TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS Introduction to the section 21. Is Alcoholics Anonymous of Value for Social Workers? 22. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies: The Three Waves of CBT 23. Trauma Issues and Substance Use: Considerations for Social Work Practice 24. Narrative Therapy Ideas and Practices for Working with Addiction 25. PAWSitive Support: A Canine Assisted Learning Program to Support Prisoners in Healing from Substance Use

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Book SynopsisWinner, 2018 Donald W. Light Award for Applied Medical Sociology, American Sociological Association Medical Sociology SectionWinner, 2018 Distinguished Scholarship Award presented by the Pacific Sociology AssociationHonorable Mention, 2017 ESS Mirra Komarovsky Book Award presented by the Eastern Sociological SocietyOutstanding Book Award for the Section on Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity presented by the American Sociological AssociationA rich, multi-faceted examination into the attitudes and beliefs of parents who choose not to immunize their childrenThe measles outbreak at Disneyland in December 2014 spread to a half-dozen U.S. states and sickened 147 people. It is just one recent incident that the medical community blames on the nation's falling vaccination rates. Still, many parents continue to claim that the risks that vaccines pose to their children are far greater than their benefits. Given the research and the unanimity of opinion within the medical community, many asTrade Review"Several recent books have delved into the history and science of vaccines and immunity, and the anxieties that accompany them. Jennifer Reich … brings meticulousness and sensitivity to this emotional issue. … It is Reich’s book that may prove the most convincing to anti-vaxxers." -- New York Review of Books"Risk is one of the operative words central to sociologist Jennifer Reichs remarkably calm book on current vaccination practices in North America. Risk is what parents, paediatricians and policymakers must evaluate in their roles as caregivers, primary-care doctors and advisers The group of parents Reich interviewed over a 10-year period that has informed this book are the university-educated ubermoms who favour organic food and have a tendency to avoid gluten and dairy productsThe doctors Reich interviewed recognise that some vaccination is better than none and that being patronising, bossy or confrontational is not in the best interest of the child or the wider community. It is a stance Reich shares." * Times Higher Education *"Recent outbreaks of preventable diseases such as measles and whooping cough are focusing attention on this issue, making Reich's able contribution especially pertinent." * Kirkus Reviews *"In her engaging book,Calling the Shots: Why Parents Reject Vaccines, Jennifer Reich focuses on this last group of privileged, vocal parents, a group with the potential to disrupt the balance of infectious disease control across the country. This exceptionally timely book also confronts the challenges posed by science skepticism amid a declining sense of public obligation and the increasing dictate that health is each familys personal responsibility." * Contemporary Sociology *"Jennifer Reichs new book, Calling the Shots: Why Parents Reject Vaccines, is an essential contribution to the story of vaccines in contemporary U.S. society that should make it impossible to tell such simple stories about vaccine resisters any longer." * American Journal of Sociology *"A timely intervention into recent anti-vaccination controversies, Jennifer Reich’s Calling the Shots unpacks the logics behind vaccine refusal through interviews and ethnographic studies of parents who refuse vaccinations." -- Science, Medicine, and Anthropology"Calling the Shots is intellectually rigorous and politically engaged scholarship of the highest quality. Jennifer Reich illuminates the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors surrounding childhood immunization, one of the most important and contested public health policy issues of our day. Debates about vaccine refusal have too often been marked by over-simplification and unfounded assumptions, and Reichs thorough, meticulous analysis provides a much-needed corrective.-James Colgrove,author of State of Immunity: The Politics of Vaccination in Twentieth" * Century America *"Calling the Shots treads confidently into the explosive terrain of vaccine refusal. In this must-read exploration of the burdens of modern mothering, Reich takes seriously the desires of mothers to make their own decisions to protect their children from risks. But she also shows how anti-vaccine stances by the privileged few may undermine the social compact and threaten the public good. This is a well-written, important, and very timely book." -- Steven Epstein,author of Inclusion: The Politics of Difference in Medical Research"In this gripping book, Reich illumines the processes through which (mostly affluent) parents reject vaccines. The book impressively situates these anti-vaccine parents in a broader context. Reich carefully documents how a range of organizations including medical offices, drug companies, and child protective servicesare all players in this social drama. Reichs concept of & individualistic parenting is valuable. Since parents decisions can have dire consequences for other children, the book is not only interesting, but it is of enormous social significance.Highly recommended!" -- Annette Lareau,author of Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThis fifth edition updates content, examples, and supporting research for well-developed principles. Practical dialogues representing a range of social work practice are a particular strength. The book also emphasizes culturally competent practice and guides social workers in difficult situations such as sharing bad news. -- Ronald Rooney, University of Minnesota This book is timeless! The authors have updated and enriched their newest edition and have added perceptive insights on crosscultural interviewing and new problem-solving interventions. They provide a dynamic examination of the helping process and present ideas and illustrations with eloquence and clarity. This seminal book is a gift to the profession. -- Alex Gitterman, University of Connecticut School of Social Work Too often students underestimate the complexity of interviewing, having seen televised talk show interviews or having engaged in problem-solving with friends. This book explicitly describes the skills and knowledge social workers must use in their professional roles. -- Kim Strom-Gottfried, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill School of Social Work The Kadushins have managed to convey both the science and art of interviewing without diminishing either aspect. Their book is a very practical tool for social workers and any human service worker. -- Julie Hughens, Mary Baldwin CollegeTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction Part I. General Orientation and Basic Concepts of Interviewing and Communication 1. Defining and Characterizing the Social Work Interview 2. The Interview as Communication 3. Listening and Silence as Interview Techniques 4. Nonverbal Communication 5. Establishing a Relationship Part II. Sequential Phases in the Interview Process and Associated Techniques 6. The Introductory Phase 7. The Problem Exploration Phase 8. The Developmental Phase: Problem-Solving Interventions 9. The Developmental Phase: More Problem-Solving Interventions 10. The Developmental Phase: Questioning Techniques 11. Termination and Evaluation Part III. Special Problems in Interviewing 12. Cross-Cultural Interviewing 13. Problematic Interviews Part IV. The Essence of the Good Interview 14. The Competent Interviewer L'Envoi- Appendix: Transcribed Interview and Critique References Index

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis''Tender, vivid and achingly sad'' GUARDIAN, BOOK OF THE YEARTWO SISTERS publishes on the 30th anniversary of Blake Morrison's ground-breaking book And When Did You Last See Your Father? which forged the way for a new genre of confessional memoir.She's gone, that's all, and though there's no retrieving her I'd like to make sense of who she was and what she became. It wasn't just that she changed over time. She could change from day to day. Drink made it worse but the origins went deeper. You never knew which you'd get, the kind and loving Gill or her doppelgänger. Two sisters.'Blake Morrison has lost a sister and a half-sister in recent years. Both are the subjects of this remarkable and heart-breaking memoir, along with a forensic examination of sibling relationships in history and literature.Blake's sister Gill struggled with alcoholism for a large part of her life, and her shocking death is the starting point for Two Sisters. Blake returns to their childhood to search for the originTrade Review‘A book at once bold, magnanimous, heart-breaking and riveting…’ HOWARD JACOBSON ‘Beautiful. Affecting. Erudite.’ SUSIE ORBACH 'Tender, vivid and achingly sad' GUARDIAN, BOOK OF THE YEAR ‘A ground-breaking confessional memoir’ BBC Books of 2023 ‘Pungent, disturbing, entirely unforgettable’ THE TIMES ‘Morrison writes with a reckless respect for the truth’ GUARDIAN ‘Harrowing, candid and clear-eyed, unflinchingly honest and self-critical. Two sad stories. The strangeness of families and the weight of the past. The guilt of being OK’ NICCI GERRARD ‘Few writers can claim to have affected the literary landscape like Blake Morrison… Two Sisters is not an easy book to read, but it is a bracingly honest one’ MAIL ON SUNDAY, Book of the Week ‘A wonderfully heartfelt and tender thing: delicate and unstinting and clear-eyed’ OBSERVER, Book of the Week ‘Engrossing’ SPECTATOR ‘A beautiful, brave and brutal memoir that does not shy away from hard truths’ THE TIMES ‘An acute, wonderfully adroit book, overflowing with sharp yet compassionate observations about human nature’ THE INDEPENDENT ‘A writer of undoubted skill’ NEW STATESMAN ‘Painful, hesitant, honest, agonised, controlled and (especially the latter) full of love’ DAILY MAIL ‘True to a complex, many-layered grief’ TLS ‘'Morrison has a startling gift' LITERARY REVIEW ‘Blake Morrison is a writer who tenderly and relentlessly lifts every stone, and the stones beneath, searching for the roots of human feelings and human relations, and revealing them to the reader’ LOUISA YOUNG ‘Affecting… it could help those who have lost a sibling’ FINANCIAL TIMES ‘Remarkable and heart-breaking’ SHEER LUXE

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Book Synopsis"This is a very comprehensive book on the subject matter with references that users can access and follow through. It is well structured and the writing style is appropriate for a wide range of students."Mo Nowrung, University of East Anglia, UK We are facing an epidemic of work stress. But why should problems at work which previously led to industrial disputes and political activity now be experienced as a cause of physical or mental illness? This book combines a critique of the scientific evidence relating to work stress, with an account of the social, historical and cultural changes that produced this phenomenon. The analysis is grounded in workers' accounts of their experiences of work stress, derived from the authors' qualitative research. Sociological theories of embodiment, emotions and medicalization are employed to explore the role of subjectivity in mediating the relationship between work and ill health.This book concludes with an exploration of the conseTable of ContentsPrefaceThe popular discourseThe scientific constructBody, self, meaningA brief history of work and emotionsTherapy or resistance?Appendix: methodologyNotesIndex.

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Book SynopsisWhich behaviour patterns are detrimental to health?Why do people engage in such behaviour, even if they know about its negative effects?How can people be influenced to change their behaviour?This popular textbook addresses these key questions from a social psychological perspective. Recent research has been added to the new edition including the author's own research into obesity, sexual risk behaviour, and the stressful consequences of losing a marriage partner through death. The epidemiological information and references have been extensively updated. By integrating theories and research on automatic behaviour with the more traditional reasoned action approach, the book provides a new answer to the age-old puzzle of health research; why people engage in behaviour which they know will damage their health. The book also: Discusses determinants of health behaviour, based on the most recent research on social cognition Includes a review of research on the hTable of ContentsPreface Changing conceptions of health and illness Determinants of health behaviour: deliberate and automaticinstigation of action Beyond persuasion: the modification of health behaviour Behaviour and health: excessive appetitesBehaviour and health: self-protection Stress and health Moderators of the stress–health relationship The role of social psychology in health promotion Glossary References Author index Subject index

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Book SynopsisBirth in the Age of AIDS is a vivid and poignant portrayal of the experiences and struggles of HIV-positive women in India during pregnancy, birth, and motherhood at the beginning of the 21st century.Trade Review"Birth in the Age of AIDS brings out the roles of policy and network activism in supporting pregnant HIV-positive women. This support structure has helped them deal with cultural stigmatization and gender inequalities and seek social justice. Lucidly documented research findings along with discussion on policy insights make this book an important reading for all who are directly or indirectly engaged in the field of reproductive and child health." -- Shalini Rudra * Economic & Political Weekly *"By sharing these women's experiences in their own words, [Van Hollen's] work addresses a critical gap in what we (think we) know about HIV and AIDS . . . Birth in the Age of AIDS is a quick, compelling read that will appeal to readers working in a number of related fields . . . [Van Hollen] hints at the delicate balance advocates have to strike in relation to rapidly shifting policy imperatives and local needs, and provides a poignant reminder that there are often unintended consequences of activism that only come into focus in hindsight." -- Kristin Francoeur"Van Hollen's remarkable book is as much about global health as it is about India's national health policy and local experiences. The author situates her work firmly within the growing annals of medical anthropology that document how discourses of global health intersect with local realities. There is insightful analysis of how global health techniques—such as of informed consent—are implemented in Tamil Nadu hospitals. While acknowledging some of the problematic reasons for the centrality of informed consent procedures, she nonetheless focuses on them in order to highlight the gap between global policy on the one hand and local practice on the other hand. But the analysis of informed consent does more work than just highlighting the gap between policy and practice. In choosing to study a practice that is central to the global health vernacular, the author renders the Indian epidemic recognizable across countries, inserting the experience of the women in Tamil Nadu into frameworks that can be understood beyond India." -- Manjari Mahajan * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *"As a seasoned ethnographer of gender and reproduction in Tamil Nadu province, Van Hollen writes with maturity, confidence, and a wealth of experience . . . One of this book's major contributions is that it shows how the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS produces and reproduces gendered inequalities in a setting where women face arranged marriage, patrilocal residence, pressure to bear children, and a sexual double standard . . . This fine ethnography fits well under the rubrics of Asian studies, global health, medical anthropology, gender studies, and the anthropology of reproduction . . . Van Hollen proves that careful ethnographic research is indispensable to understanding the actual, lived effects of infectious disease control programs, an insight that will surely resonate with public and global health practitioners and other readers outside of anthropology." -- Lynn M. Morgan"Perhaps the single most powerful feature of Cecilia Van Hollen's deeply empathic, elegantly crafted, incisive, and thoroughly engaging analysis is the way in which women's voices are manifested with all of the profound feeling, complexity, and nuance that is attendant on struggles for adequate and meaningful self-representation in contexts of inequality, marginalization, poverty, and stigmatization." -- Joseph Alter * American Ethnologist *"Birth in the Age of AIDS is a deeply sensitive and thoughtful account of global health interventions on the ground. The women in this stirring book not only fight AIDS, stigma, and economic insecurity but also craft possible futures, humanize policy debates, and make an unequivocal case for new practices of care." -- João Biehl * Princeton University *"When [Van Hollen] includes the women's histories as well as quotes from interviews, they are rich and deeply poignant . . . Birth in the Age of AIDS is an important ethnographic account that is well worth the read." -- Angela Kelly-Hanku * The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology *"This book begins to fill an important gap in the literature on women living with HIV. Based on an extensive and rigorous process of ethnographic fieldwork it explores the pregnancy and childbearing experiences of a sample of Indian women from a variety of backgrounds. Treading carefully between the social constraints imposed on these women and their exercise of their own autonomy it provides a rich and textured account of what are too often invisible yet vital aspects of human life. It is clearly written and well referenced and will hopefully provide a model for similar studies in other parts of the world." -- Lesley Doyal, Emeritus Professor of Health and Social Care * University of Bristol *"Cecilia Van Hollen's latest book, Birth in the Age of AIDS: Women, Reproduction, and HIV/AIDS in India, provides a nuanced, readable, and extremely compelling exploration of the lived experiences of women enrolled in prevention of parent to child transmission programs in Tamil Nadu, India in the first decade of the 21st century . . . This book is an excellent and very accessible example of the ethnography of HIV/AIDS, and will be of interest to scholars and students of medical anthropology, global health, feminist anthropology, and India." -- Lily Shapiro * Somatosphere *"This book is a ground-breaking investigation into the reproductive lives of HIV-positive women. The ethnographic setting, the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, is moreover a very illuminating one for global health . . . Van Hollen contributes significantly to debates about the authoritarianism of reproductive medicine and the state in South Asia, and women's gendered agency in negotiating these structures, as well as the ambivalence and destructive guises of kinship." -- Kaveri Qureshi * Pacific Affairs *"This path-breaking volume is the first to examine HIV within the contours of women's reproductive lives—both as pregnant wives and birthing mothers—in the low-caste communities of southern India. Van Hollen's compassionate, humanizing account sheds light on women's strength and resilience in the midst of a cruel epidemic." -- Marcia C. Inhorn * Yale University *"Birth in the Age of AIDs is an important and beautifully written ethnography of women dealing with HIV/AIDS in India. Van Hollen delves into the life stories and narratives of young HIV-positive mothers, illuminating the lived nature of the epidemic as well as the intricate workings of gender and family, sexuality, biomedicine, stigma, and poverty. This original and riveting book will make a major impact in medical anthropology, gender studies, South Asian studies, and understandings of HIV/AIDS in global context." -- Sarah Lamb * Brandeis University *Birth in the Age of AIDS takes the reader on a very personal journey of the experiences HIV-positive women in Southern India have during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum . . . This book brings to life the positive empowering results of being engaged in a network of people living with HIV and AIDS, taking women from the shadows of shame to the brightness of dignity. Though the book focuses on case studies from a decade back, the stories of stigma, discrimination, avoidance, and rejection are timeless . . . Birth in the Age of AIDS provides a new perspective on the history of the international and domestic response to the AIDS epidemic in India from its inception in Tamil Nadu. By meticulously dissecting each case from a variety of perspectives, Van Hollen uncovers layer after layer the patterns that create stigma, exacerbate gender inequalities, undermine women's decision-making about their own health and treatment, and lead to family discord." -- Robert Clay * United States Agency for International Development *"Poor pregnant women targeted by HIV-prevention programs in Tamil Nadu understand their decisions about testing to signify empowerment, assert their superior maternity through the unlikely sacrifice of not breastfeeding, and mobilize power through HIV-support networks. Van Hollen's meticulous and fascinating study reveals how 'global' health practices create unexpected local effects." -- Claire Wendland, Departments of Anthropology and Obstetrics & Gynecology * University of Wisconsin *"[Van Hollen's] comprehensive analysis of how HIV+ women fare in a fiercely androcentric part of India sheds light on how the vicious stigma of HIV/AIDS impacts their lives and can result in blatant discrimination . . . Recommended." -- C. Apt * Choice *

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Book SynopsisEveryone knows what intoxication and drunkenness are, what they look like, how to define and measure them and what their consequences are. At least we might assume so given the ways these words are used by the media, by politicians and policy makers and by various medical, educational and legal experts in Australia and around the world. A whole variety of concerns about young people, individual and public health, road safety, sexual assault and violence are connected to these takenforgranted understandings of intoxication and drunkenness. Drawing on an extensive review of research from biomedicine, psychology, sociology and legal studies, and from news media reporting, the authors reveal a far more complex picture. This is a picture marked by little agreement on how to define intoxication and drunkenness, how to measure intoxication, what getting drunk means to those who drink (including young people, men and women and people from different cultural and national backgrounds), and where

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Book SynopsisSave your life or a loved ones. Select the right Recovery program and/or Rehab. Two guides in one book help you make the right decisions. Guide #1: Experts agree, with Alcohol Drug Recovery Programs, no single program works for everyone. The International Alcohol Drug Resource Guide describes Free Alternative Recovery Programs available Online and Off. Find one that works for you and get clean! The 15 Alternative Recovery Programs are not Alcoholic Anonymous. Guide #2: Going into a Rehab? Make sure its not Toxic. A Toxic Rehab can cause death, inflict physical, emotional, and financial harm. Get comprehensive guidance on how to avoid a Toxic Rehab. Survivor almost died in a Toxic Rehab -- his story is included. Dont let what happened to Survivor, happen to you!

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Book SynopsisA compelling and comprehensive history of opium, a drug that has both healed and harmed since civilization began.Trade ReviewLucy Inglis has done a wonderful job bringing together a wide range of sources to tell the history of the most exciting and dangerous plants in the world. Telling the story of opium tells us much about our faults and foibles as humans – our willingness to experiment; our ability to become addicts; our pursuit of money. This book tells us more than about opium; it tells us about ourselves. -- Peter Frankopan, author of The Silk RoadsLucy Inglis’s fabulous book Milk of Paradise is the history of civilisation as shaped by opium . . . a triumph, epic in scale and full of humanity. Geopolitics was changed by the poppy: it influenced the development of navigation, exploration and world trade; hand-in-hand with war, it helped to create the wealthy economies, science, medicine, crime and human despair of the modern world. The poppy, she says, will always be one of the greatest global commodities for good and evil — and we will always be at war with it -- Melanie Reid * The Times *As Lucy Inglis recounts in her sweeping new history of opium, the tension between the substance’s medicinal virtue and its dangers is ancient ... [She] untangles these contradictions with gusto ... a deeply researched and captivating book * Economist *Addictive ... shows again and again how counter-productive prohibition is * Evening Standard *A very, very wide-ranging book and it’s beautifully written. Despite the subject matter, you never feel overburdened by it. It’s always fascinating and she’s got a very good turn of phrase. She’s one of the best. If only all historians could write like Lucy Inglis. -- Paul Lay * History Books of the Year, fivebooks.com *Magisterial * Nature *Inglis has graced her pages with tales and medical snippets to provide enough information to feed a small library. This must be opium’s definitive history. -- Julie Peakman * History Today *A sweeping international history of opium … absorbing. * Radio Times *Table of ContentsSection - i: List of Illustrations Section - ii: Maps Introduction - iii: Introduction Unit - 1: PART ONE: Ópion, afyun, opium Chapter - 1: The Ancient World Chapter - 2: The Islamic Golden Age to the Renaissance Chapter - 3: The Silver Triangle and the Creation of Hong Kong Unit - 2: PART TWO: In the Arms of Morpheus Chapter - 4: The Romantics Meet Modern Science Chapter - 5: The China Crisis Chapter - 6: The American Disease Unit - 3: PART THREE: Heroin Chapter - 7: A New Addiction, Prohibition and the Rise of the Gangster Chapter - 8: From the Somme to Saigon Chapter - 9: Afghanistan Chapter - 10: Heroin Chic, HIV and Generation Oxy Section - iv: Afterword Acknowledgements - v: Acknowledgements Section - vi: Notes Index - vii: Index

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Book SynopsisWhen the Husband family realised that their son Paul was addicted to heroin, they did everything they could to help him but it seemed that every step in the right direction would be followed by another relapse as Paul lied to them, stole from them, and come close to losing his life.This illustrated title from award-winning cartoonist Tony Husband tells the tale of those dark days as they worked as a family to get Paul into the right sort of supportive environment where he could truly recover from his dangerous addiction, and move from that dark place to a brighter future.This inspiring and compelling story will appeal to anyone who has struggled with an addictive disorder, or any families or friends who have had to support someone through such a situation. Anyone who was touched by Tony''s Take Care, Son - The Story of my Dad and His Dementia will be similarly moved and uplifted by From A Dark Place.Trade ReviewTony Husband's 'From a Dark Place' is a heartening tale of his son Paul's journey through addiction. * Shrewsbury Chronicle *

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Book SynopsisMurguia explores food and foodways within institutions of incarceration. Food, like all resources within total institutions, is vulnerable to social manipulation. Within jail and prison settings, food becomes both a mechanism of control and resistance. In the former, the type of food, its quality, its quantity, and the symbolic significance of its presence or absence all contribute to the socio-political experience of the incarceratedperhaps even adding an extra form of punishment to one's sentence not measured in time, but rather in terms of cruelty. In the latter, the incarcerated may view the preparation of food, the innovation it may undergo, its consumption, or even the refusal of its consumption along these same socio-political lines. Thus viewing food within jail and prison as social facts that engender real consequences reveals a virtually uncharted area of research for understanding the intersection between food and life within the confines of incarceration.Of this line Trade ReviewThis book represents an important first step to begin the necessary conversation about what rights we should view as fundamental. Murguia packs a lot in these pages; exposing the methods of control from the perspective of both corrections officials and inmates. -- Teresa Dalton, University of California, IrvineTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Food as a Mechanism of Control2. Quality Control 3. Quantity Control4. Food as a Mechanism of Resistance5. Bricolage6. Survival7. PleasureConclusionBibliography

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Book SynopsisThis stimulating book has become a go-to text for understanding the role that social factors play in the experience of health and many diseases. This extensively revised and updated third edition offers the most compelling case yet that stress, poverty, unhealthy lifestyles, and unpleasant living and working conditions can all be directly associated with illness. The book continues to build on the paradigm shift that has been emerging in twenty-first-century medical sociology, which looks beyond individual explanations for health and disease. As the field has headed toward a fundamentally different orientation, William Cockerham’s work has been at the forefront of these changes, and he here marshals evidence and theory for those seeking a clear and authoritative guide to the realities of the social determinants of health. Of particular note in the latest edition is new material on the relationship between gender and health, implications of the life course for health behavior, the health effects of social capital, and the emergence of COVID-19. This engaging introduction to social epidemiology will be indispensable reading for all students and scholars of medical sociology, especially those with the courage to confront the possibility that society really does make people sick.Trade Review"The third edition of Cockerham's classic text on the social causes of health and illness is most welcome. Notable features of this masterful and comprehensive contribution are the coverage of theory as well as research, its international reach, and its erudition. This will be an indispensable volume for teachers, students, and practitioners alike."—Graham Scambler, University College London and Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences "As in the previous editions, Cockerham presents us with a powerful understanding of the social determinants of health. This time, he updates his perspective, weaving in novel dynamic dimensions from life course research and important structural elements from social capital."—Bernice A. Pescosolido, Indiana University "This is a brilliant book to provide the foundations to students and scholars who are keen to learn about inequalities and the impacts on health and illness, clinicians who know that something is unfair in healthcare but can't put their finger on it or even those that want to have statistics and theories ready for a Christmas dinner debate with a relative... an excellent and comprehensive beginner’s guide to how inequalities change the lives of others."—Cost of Living

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Book Synopsis* SHORTLISTED FOR THE COSTA BIOGRAPHY AWARD 2021 *'If her moving, engrossing, elegantly written memoir does not win prizes, there really is no justice in the literary world.' Lucy Atkins, Sunday TimesAll happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.When Arifa Akbar discovered that her sister had fallen seriously ill, she assumed there would be a brief spell in hospital and then she'd be home. This was not to be. It was not until the day before she died that the family discovered she was suffering from tuberculosis. Consumed is a story of sisterhood, grief, the redemptive power of art and the strange mythologies that surround tuberculosis. It takes us from Keats's deathbed and the tubercular women of opera to the resurgence of TB in modern Britain today. Arifa travels to Rome to haunt the places Keats and her sister had explored, to her grandparent's house in Pakistan, to her sister's bedside at the Royal Free Hospital in Hampstead and back to a London of the seventies when her family first arrived, poor, homeless and hungry. Consumed is an eloquent and moving excavation of a family's secrets and a sister's detective story to understand her sibling.Trade ReviewBeguiling . . . The story and the writing have an unusual mystery about them, with striking imagery and a relatable insight into the darknesses and half-truths of family life . . . this one stands out for its eccentricity and elegiac splendour. -- Diana Evans, Guardian Summer Books[Consumed] is a tender memoir of sisterhood, of growing up in a low-income immigrant family in Primrose Hill in the 1970s and 1980s and, above all, of family dysfunction, mental illness, grief and survival . . . Akbar sews many disparate strands into a work of art. If her moving, engrossing, elegantly written memoir does not win prizes, there really is no justice in the literary world. -- Lucy Atkins * Sunday Times *An insightful and often lyrical study of sibling and the story of a troubled life cut short . . . as Fauzia immortalised her sister in art, [Akbar] has done the same, vividly and wonderfully, in prose. -- Fiona Sturges * Guardian *One of this year's must-read memoirs . . . A rich and beautiful story that will at times leave you weeping while simultaneously hugging Akbar's writing close. -- Francesca Brown * Stylist *'Consumed is Akbar's poised and scholarly memoir; her sister and their relationship is at its heart, skilfully woven together with a cultural history of the disease that killed her . . . A moving story of loss, grief and sisterhood. -- Francesca Carington * Tatler *Akbar explores complicated family dynamics with candour - never sentimentalising what was often a difficult relationship, nor smoothing over the ugly side of dying. -- Prospect, Best Books of the YearAn engrossing and moving book, both forensic and delicate in its dredging of complicated truths . . . I have rarely read a memoir with such a combination of powerful, tender feeling and cool-headed analysis. Rather like Fauzia's embroideries, the tapestry of sisterly passion and pain is worked here in precise, gleaming little stitches: a literary labour of love. -- Jenny McCartney * Mail on Sunday *Beautifully written, extremely moving -- Lucy Scholes,The White Review Books of the YearA beautifully written memoir with the ghost of Fauzia haunting every page. -- Shirley Whiteside * Herald *A meditation on memory and the arts, the book also explores Arifa's often fraught relationship with her sister, her grief, and the inherent subjectivity of memory . . . I was profoundly moved by this book, thinking of particular passages long after reading it. -- Rageshri Dhairyawan * The Lancet *While Akbar's meticulously written memoir is often heartbreaking - there are passages that will move you to tears - it is never maudlin . . . [It] stands as a testament to familial love precisely because she is brave enough to explore how it can be entangled with its opposite. -- Alex Peake-Tomkinson * Prospect *Compelling, searingly honest, so real that, at times, you feel the burn on the skin, but the teller never exploits these emotions. Akbar's artistic sensibility turns what could be a misery memoir into a literary tour de force. -- Yasmin Alibhai-BrownA brilliant book about loss and grief, about art and death, and, more importantly, about family and belonging. The strength of feeling is remarkable, but it's Arifa Akbar's writing that lifts it to an even higher plane of achievement. -- Anthony Quinn, author of Our Friends in BerlinI loved this haunting, beautiful exploration of sisterhood, love and loss. Consumed weaves together art history, medical mystery and grief memoir with enormous honesty and tenderness. -- Rachel Clarke, bestselling author of Dear Life and BreathtakingI'm bowled over. It's a searing, brilliant, dazzling memoir of sisterhood, mental illness, art and grief. Heartbreaking and beautiful. I can't recommend it highly enough. -- Christina Patterson

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Book SynopsisThe Sub-Specialty Care of HIV-Infected Patients is a synthesis of current policies, practices, and recommendations regarding the management of HIV-infected patients, authored by academicians at two major Houston medical institutions, Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Texas at Houston. The chapters represent the traditional sub-specialties of internal medicine, with infectious disease represented in chapters on immunizations and on the current new directions in antiretroviral management. Additional clinical material is provided by members from the Department of Medicine, the Department of Neurology, and the Department of Psychiatry. The material is intended as a discussion of current positions and directions, with the realization that these change often and that the material is intended thus to be current pertaining to the date of submission (October 31, 2017). Almost all of the providers for this book have worked at the Thomas Street Clinic in Houston, a multidisciplinary, free-standing clinic dedicated to the care of HIV-infected patients and the dedicatee of this work.

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Book SynopsisTobacco addiction (also known as nicotinism) remains a preventable healthcare challenge in the entire world and is the most significant cause of loss pertaining to national and international economy and productivity. Nicotinism poses a significant challenge to the general health and well-being of adolescents, pregnant women, and developing infants. Adolescents are highly vulnerable to nicotine addiction and suffer from poor quality of life, early morbidity, and mortality. Nicotine exposure during intrauterine life can induce diversified embryopathies (such as abortion, stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome, microcephaly, craniofacial abnormalities, growth retardation, ADHD, autism, and craniofacial abnormalities) in developing infants; likewise, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), cancer, and infertility can develop in adults. Tobacco smoking kills nearly six million people each year, and almost five million of these deaths are the result of direct tobacco use, while nearly 600,000 are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke. Nearly 80% of the world''s one billion smokers live in low- and middle-income countries. Some tobacco smoking-related health risks include: lung cancer, COPD, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, asthma, reproductive anomalies, premature low birth weight infants, diabetes, blindness, cataracts, macular degeneration, and nearly ten types of cancer, including colon, cervix, liver, stomach and pancreatic cancer. There are roughly 7,000 toxic chemicals in tobacco which can directly or indirectly cause cancer, stroke, and heart attack to induce early morbidity and mortality. At least seventy chemicals have been implicated in inducing cancer. A persons life span is reduced at least ten years when smoking tobacco. Nicotine is the primary ingredient in tobacco, possessing a highly addictive potential which causes physical tolerance and psychological dependence, with severe withdrawal symptoms and potential for relapse. Chronic smokers find it extremely difficult to quit smoking as the success rate is only 33%. Although several preventive as well as therapeutic measures have been implemented to minimize the risks of numerous illnesses associated with tobacco smoking, a considerable amount of research is needed to further minimize this devastating, yet preventable addiction from the entire world. Recent trends in the reduction of smoking in several countries including the US, Canada, and Australia seems quite encouraging; yet smoking in several other countries such as Serbia, Slovenia, Russia, China, and India remains a significant challenge. Recently, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) emerged as the next generation of nicotine products with different brand names in the market. Although their popularity has increased particularly among adolescents in the Western world, the extent of psychiatric comorbidity with e-cigarettes use and dual use of conventional (combustible) vs e-cigarettes remains uncertain. As many as 460 new brands of e-cigarettes have been introduced. Older brands tend to highlight their merits over conventional (incinerating) cigarettes while newer brands emphasize consumer choice in multiple flavors and product versatility. Public awareness and proper education (particularly for young adolescents) will go a long way in early prevention and successful clinical management of nicotinism. Nova Science Publishers have now released an interesting book in four volumes for learning more about the basic molecular biology, molecular genetics, emerging biotechnology, diseases linked to nicotinism and their possible prevention and cure. The primary objective is to minimize nicotine-induced early morbidity and mortality due to asthma, emphysema, cancer, heart attack, diabetes, obesity, infertility, major depressive disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimers disease, and several other neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, which are systematically described in this book. This book presents recent knowledge and wisdom regarding the harmful and therapeutic benefits of tobacco smoking by incineration or by vaping through e-cigarettes. Volume One describes general topics on nicotinism and the emerging role of electronic cigarettes; Volume Two describes the basic molecular biology of nicotinism; Volume Three describes emerging biotechnology in nicotinism; and Volume Four describes chronic diseases associated with nicotinism and charnolopharmacotherapeutics. A novel disease-specific spatiotemporal charnolosomics and conventional omics (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and metallomics) with correlative and combinatorial bioinformatics is proposed for the first time to accomplish targeted, safe, and effective personalized theranostics of nicotinism for a better quality of life. In Volume One, the author presents general topics on nicotinism and the emerging role of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in nine chapters. Chapter One describes historical and general aspects of tobacco smoking and nicotinism; Chapter Two describes the epidemiology of adolescent smoking; Chapter Three describes the global prevalence of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence; Chapter Four describes the global cost of smoking and loss of economy and productivity; Chapter Five describes chemical constituents of tobacco and tobacco product ingredients; Chapter Six describes physiological and pharmacological properties of nicotine; Chapter Seven describes nicotinism relapse; Chapter Eight describes a recent update on smoking and health-related issues, and Chapter Nine describes the genetics of nicotinism.

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Book SynopsisThis book was reprinted from a public document and records from the US Government. It is a collection of hearings that took place in Washington DC by the Committee on Education and the Workforce, U.S. House of Representatives on September 30th 2003. This book examines how drinking in youth affects short and long-term thinking and memory skills as well as causes problems such as unwanted sex, health consequences such as accidents, injuries, or overdoses. This book also discusses the withdrawal effects, gender differences and the implications of drinking, such as altered brain development, and the higher likelihood of alcohol problems as an adult. It also explores the co-dependency that many teenage drinkers have with marijuana and provides suggestions on how to reduce the number of underage, teenage drinkers.

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Book SynopsisNova Science Publishers now introduce an interesting book on research to help reduce global tobacco-related diseases in four volumes. Volume One describes general topics on nicotinism and the emerging role of electronic cigarettes; Volume Two describes basic molecular biology of nicotinism; Volume Three describes emerging biotechnology in nicotinism; and Volume Four describes chronic diseases associated with nicotinism and disease-specific-spatiotemporal (DSST) charnolosomics and charnolopharmacotherapeutics for the targeted, safe and effective personalized theranostics of nicotinism. This book is written primarily for readers interested in learning more about the basic molecular biology, recent biotechnology, and molecular genetics for diseases linked to nicotinism as well as their possible prevention and cure. A novel disease-specific spatiotemporal charnolosomics along with conventional omics (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and metallomics) with correlative and combinatorial bioinformatic analysis is proposed for the first time to accomplish targeted, safe, and effective personalized theranostics of nicotinism for a better quality of life. This book is written primarily for the health and well-being of highly vulnerable adolescents, who engage in drug seeking behavior (particularly tobacco and alcohol), become victims of chronic addiction, and suffer from poor quality of life, early morbidity, and mortality. Moreover, nicotine exposure during intrauterine life can induce diversified embryopathies (such as abortion, stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome, microcephaly, craniofacial abnormalities, growth retardation, ADHD, autism, and craniofacial abnormalities) in developing infants; likewise, asthma, COPD, cancer, and infertility occurs in adults. The primary goal is to minimize nicotine-induced early morbidity and mortality due to asthma, emphysema, cancer, heart attack, diabetes, obesity, infertility, major depressive disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimers disease, and several other neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, which are elegantly described in this book. Volume Two describes the basic molecular biology of nicotinism in two sections. Section One (Concepts & Mechanism) consists of seven chapters, while Section Two (Clinical Management of Nicotinism) consists of two chapters. While each volume will serve as a textbook for biomedical students and as a reference book for researchers, scientists, doctors, and professors, all four of the volumes systematically will certainly enhance the existing knowledge and wisdom regarding nicotinism and drug addiction in general. It is envisaged that readers (researchers, doctors, nurses, teachers, students (particularly high school and college students) and the general public will enjoy learning the most recent and novel personalized theranostic approaches currently being implemented in this clinically-significant discipline by carefully going through the most interesting and thought-provoking contents of this book.

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Book SynopsisNova Science Publishers now introduce an interesting book on research to help reduce global tobacco-related diseases in four volumes. Volume One describes general topics on nicotinism and the emerging role of electronic cigarettes; Volume Two describes basic molecular biology of nicotinism; Volume Three describes emerging biotechnology in nicotinism; and Volume Four describes chronic diseases associated with nicotinism and disease-specific-spatiotemporal (DSST) charnolosomics and charnolopharmacotherapeutics for the targeted, safe and effective personalized theranostics of nicotinism. This book is written primarily for readers interested in learning more about the basic molecular biology, recent biotechnology, and molecular genetics for diseases linked to nicotinism as well as their possible prevention and cure. A novel disease-specific spatiotemporal charnolosomics along with conventional omics (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and metallomics) with correlative and combinatorial bioinformatic analysis is proposed for the first time to accomplish targeted, safe, and effective personalized theranostics of nicotinism for a better quality of life. This book is written primarily for the health and well-being of highly vulnerable adolescents, who engage in drug seeking behavior (particularly tobacco and alcohol), become victims of chronic addiction, and suffer from poor quality of life, early morbidity, and mortality. Moreover, nicotine exposure during intrauterine life can induce diversified embryopathies (such as abortion, stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome, microcephaly, craniofacial abnormalities, growth retardation, ADHD, autism, and craniofacial abnormalities) in developing infants; likewise, asthma, COPD, cancer, and infertility occurs in adults. The primary goal is to minimize nicotine-induced early morbidity and mortality due to asthma, emphysema, cancer, heart attack, diabetes, obesity, infertility, major depressive disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimers disease, and several other neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, which are elegantly described in this book. Volumes Three describes emerging biotechnology in nicotinism in three sections: Section One illustrates emerging biotechnology in nicotinism, consisting of eight chapters: Chapter One Evaluation of Nicotinism by Flow Cytometry and Other Emerging Biotechnology (Molecular Neuroimaging); Chapter Two Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Immunophenotyping of Nicotinism (A Flow Cytometric Analysis of Charnoly Body Dynamics in Nicotinism); Chapter Three Flow Cytometric Analysis of Charnolophagy and Charnolosome Exocytosis/Endocytosis in Nicotinism; Chapter Four Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Nicotine and Nicotinism; Chapter Five Pet Neuroimaging in Nicotinism (With Special Reference to Nicotinic Acetyl Choline Receptor Imaging); Chapter Six Multimodality Molecular Neuroimaging in Nicotinism; Chapter Seven Personalized Theranostic Potential of Nanomedicine in Nicotinism; and Chapter Eight Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Charnolopharmacotherapeutics in Nicotinism. Section Two: Disease-Specific Personalized Theranostics of Nicotinism highlights disease-specific personalized theranostics of nicotinism in Chapter Nine, and Section Three: Clinical Management of Nicotinism details harmful aspects and therapeutic benefits of nicotine in Chapter Ten. While each volume will serve as a textbook for biomedical students and as a reference book for researchers, scientists, doctors, and professors, all four of the volumes systematically will certainly enhance the existing knowledge and wisdom regarding nicotinism and drug addiction in general. It is envisaged that readers (researchers, doctors, nurses, teachers, students (particularly high school and college students) and the general public will enjoy learning the most recent and novel personalized theranostic approaches currently being implemented in this clinically-significant discipline by carefully going through the most interesting and thought-provoking contents of this book.

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Book SynopsisAmerica is in the middle of an epidemic it has never seen before. The opioid crisis knows no bounds. It is affecting individuals and families in every congressional district. Its consequences, ranging from personal health to the economy, are devastating. The opioid epidemic represents the convergence of the abuses of opioids, heroin, and synthetic drugs like fentanyl. Chapter 1 is a hearing before the committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives on challenges and solutions in the opioid abuse crisis. Chapter 2 reports on the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations hearing on the DEAs role in combating the opioid epidemic. Drug cartels operate out of countries in the western hemisphere, and they do so by using sophisticated distribution systems that move narcotics into and across the United States. Heroin supplied by these cartels has created a public health epidemic and fueled drug violence across the United States as reported in chapter 3. Chapter 4 provides an overview of heroin trafficking into and within the United States. It includes a discussion of links between the trafficking of heroin and the illicit movement of related substances such as controlled prescription opioids and synthetic substances like fentanyl. The chapter also outlines existing U.S. efforts to counter heroin trafficking and possible congressional considerations going forward. Chapter 5 evaluates the extent to which DOD has strategy and implementing guidance for the National Guard counterdrug program, and assesses DODs processes to approve states counterdrug plans and distribute funding to the program, among other things.

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Book SynopsisAlcoholism is a disorder characterised by the excessive consumption of and dependence on alcoholic beverages, leading to physical and psychological harm and impaired social and vocational functioning. This book gathers new and important research on this socially and medically destructive disorder. These include addiction issues, forms of treatment, behavioural and clinical studies.

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Book SynopsisThe National Drug Control Strategy, a balanced approach to reducing drug use in America focusing on stopping use before it starts, healing America''s drug users, and disrupting the market for illegal drugs was launched in 2003. The Strategy would pursue ambitious goals: a 10 percent reduction in youth drug use in 2 years and a 25 percent reduction in youth drug use over 5 years. Six years later, this decline in youth drug use continues, at a rate almost precisely consistent with the Administration''s goals. These trends are even more striking when viewed by specific drug. The declines in youth alcohol and tobacco use, combined with sharp declines in illegal drug use, are particularly meaningful as they demonstrate a broad shift in youth attitudes and behaviour.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the Surgeon General''s call to action to prevent and reduce underage drinking, to focus national attention on this enduring problem and on new, disturbing research which indicates that the developing adolescent brain may be particularly susceptible to long-term negative consequences from alcohol use. Alcohol is the most widely used substance of abuse among America''s youth. A higher percentage of young people between the ages of 12 and 20 use alcohol than use tobacco or illicit drugs. Underage drinking also creates second-hand effects for others, drinkers and non-drinkers alike, including car crashes from drunk driving, that put every child at risk. Thus, underage alcohol consumption is a major societal problem with enormous health and safety consequences and will demand the nation''s attention and committed efforts to solve.

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Book SynopsisThe fight against HIV/AIDS is, above all, an economic issue. The scale of the pandemic and the lack of funds needed to eradicate it require identifying key issues in field interventions and optimal economic policies to fund them. In developing countries, where the epidemic is reaching its peak, the magnitude of governmental and international interventions triggers major crowding-out effects on every other economic decision of those countries, and thus HIV/AIDS affects every aspect of social life. Economic policies alleviating crowding-out effects are thus paramount to foster the economic growth of developing countries and, in turn, their future welfare. Economic issues in the fight against HIV/AIDS are also a primary concern for developed countries, in charge not only of subsidising current treatment campaigns domestically but also of funding R&D in innovative treatments. Designing optimal incentives for public and private agencies to reduce the costs of available medicines, and to develop innovative treatments such as a therapeutic vaccine, is as important as drug delivery or any other field campaign to eventually eradicate the disease. Over two decades of practical implementation of economic policies and academic research have shown many pitfalls in current policies, and they have made it possible to identify previously missed issues. This book shall provide a recent and comprehensive coverage of those policies, and it shall analyse their economic efficiency as well as ways of improvement using state-of-the-art academic findings in Economics and Finance. The authors discuss in detail and provide new economic analyses on the following issues: The nation-wide and international economic consequences of the spread of the disease; Market incentives and disincentives to produce and to develop treatment technologies; The nature and optimality of economic policies devoted to fighting the disease in developing countries, as well as the enhancement of current policies through financial innovations.

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Book SynopsisSubstance dependence, or addiction, is a relapsing disorder characterised by the loss of control of drug or alcohol intake, or a compulsion to take the substance, associated with the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome after a discontinuation of its long-term use. This book presents and discusses research in the study of substance abuse, including drug abuse and education; binge drinking; the treatment of heroine and cocaine abuse; women and addictions; anabolic steroid abuse and alcoholism and pregnancy.

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Book SynopsisA drug policy most often refers to a government''s attempt to combat the negative effects of drug addiction and misuse in its society. Governments try to combat drug addiction with policies which address both the demand and supply of drugs, as well as policies which can mitigate the harms of drug abuse. This book examines various drug policies, with a particular focus on drug trade and trafficking.

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Book SynopsisThe cannabis sativa plant, more commonly known as marijuana, has been used medicinally for millenia and continues to play a significant role in medical treatment today. This book presents topical research in the study of marijuana; its uses, effects and legal issues. Topics discussed include measurement of cannabis consumption to assess the role of drug potency in rising rates of cannabis misuse disorders; the influence of marijuana legislation on vulnerable populations; marijuana use among adolescents and its effects and recreational marijuana use in a bariatric clinic population.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the study of substance abuse. Topics discussed include cocaine-dependent patients with antisocial personality disorder; drug abuse and neuro-AIDS; alcohol and substance abuse among older adults; sexual abuse in men with substance abuse problems; cognitive dysfunction in cocaine abuse; current controversies in the assessment and treatment of heroin addiction; psychotropic analgestic nitrous oxide (PAN) for substance abuse withdrawal; carisoprodol withdrawal syndrome and new research on methamphetamine abuse.

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Book SynopsisMany adolescents and young adults engage in drinking behaviour, which result in acute and chronic negative consequences (eg: unintentional injuries, arguments, unplanned and/or unprotected sexual activities, trouble with police/authorities, poor academic/work performance, suicide, and death), and alcohol dependence. Social influence is foremost among the causes attributed to the initiation and maintenance of alcohol use during this period. This book reviews a number of prominent theories of social influence that are directly relevant to drinking behaviour among adolescents and young adults.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present current research in the study of the pharmacology, effects, and abuse prevention in heroin. Topics discussed in this compilation include opiate sensitivity and gender; the role of heroin biomarkers in heroin abuse; dynamic behaviour for heroin epidemic models; current controversies in the assessment and treatment of heroin addiction and heroin addiction in pregnancy.

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Book SynopsisIt has long been known that some people, usually those with eating disorders, or on their way to having one, abuse drugs that are specifically designed for, or have a side effect that leads to, weight loss. It appears that there is an increased prevalence for people to take pharmacological treatments to aid weight loss or maintenance. These people are not like our previous sample as they have no form of psychopathology. What was once thought to be the remit of the eating disordered individual and a sign of serious psychological dysfunction has become the playground of the norm. This book discussed the reasons behind why people are taking them and how they work. Moreover, the author aims to arm people with the knowledge that will defend them from the diet drug vendors who are now pervasive across the Internet and thus our society.

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Book SynopsisIn the midst of national concern over illicit drug use and abuse, prescription drug abuse has been identified as the United States'' fastest growing drug problem. Nearly all prescription drugs involved in overdoses are originally prescribed by a physician (rather than, for example, being stolen from pharmacies). Thus, attention has been directed toward preventing the diversion of prescription drugs after the prescriptions are dispensed. Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) maintain statewide electronic databases of prescriptions dispensed for controlled substances. This book provides an overview of PDMPs with a focus on supporting access to legitimate medical use of controlled substances; identifying or preventing drug abuse and diversion; facilitating the identification of prescription drug-addicted individuals and enabling intervention and treatment; and outlining and educating the public on drug use and abuse trends to inform public health initiatives.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the racial/ethnic and socio-economic risk factors and strategies for the elimination of health disparities. Topics discussed include the cessation and prevention of tobacco use for indigenous populations; understanding the true burden of cancer in American Indian and Alaska Native communities; understanding cardiovascular disparities between Maori and non-Maori indigenous populations in New Zealand; reducing health disparities of culturally-diverse minority populations through transcultural nursing in the home; childhood trauma and health disparities; dismantling racism to improve health equity; the impact of language barriers on healthcare utilisation among Hispanic construction workers; and white and minority screenings in colorectal cancer prevention.

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Book SynopsisIn 2013, the U.S. President''s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) will mark nearly ten years of success with an extraordinary year of achievements. None of this would have been possible without the vision and leadership of President Bush, President Obama, and the bipartisan support of Congress. A decade ago AIDS was wiping out an entire generation in Africa; today, PEPFAR''s efforts and those of its many partners have brought the world to a new era -- a time when new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths are on the steep decline, and an AIDS-free generation is both U.S. policy and a goal within our reach. Building off recent breakthroughs, which demonstrated the power of key evidence-based interventions to drive down the rate of new infections and save more lives, this book reflects lessons learned from almost ten years of experience in supporting countries to rapidly scale-up HIV prevention, treatment, and care services. It demonstrates the opportunity for the world to help move more countries toward and beyond the tipping point in their epidemics and put them on a path to achieving an AIDS-free generation. The U.S. commitment to the global AIDS response will remain strong, comprehensive, and driven by science -- and clearly outlines what PEPFAR is doing and will continue to do to help make an AIDS-free generation a reality.

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Book SynopsisThe title of the book harks back to Michael Dorris''s seminal work The Broken Cord (1987) which eloquently brought this hidden'' population into the light. However, the metaphorical umbilical cord is not truly broken, and the unique neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure will continue to be one ghost in our delivery rooms, nurseries, and lives which haunts us. Why a different knot''? Because management becomes knotted with the origins of the infant''s prenatal life, whether they are birthed, fostered, adopted, either same culture or inter-country adopted. The knot'' (as in Not it''), also speaks to medical professionals and society''s continued ambivalence to acknowledging another inconvenient truth. Maternal drinking in pregnancy causes Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND) whether dysmorphic, called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), or non dysmorphic, ARND itself. These are both transgenerational developmental psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of ARND continues to be under-recognised as it is mainly presented as a faceless ''hidden disability'' (masquerading as ADHD, Mood Disorder or ASD), rather than a facial dysmorphic disorder. The subtle denial and minimisation of transgenerational alcohol abuse is aided only by diagnosing the far less frequent dysmorphic ARND (FAS). This creates a false security across social classes concerning alcohol''s true transgenerational epigenetic effect. Thus, the real financial costs and health care burden of trans-generational ARND , with an international prevalence of 1 in 100 live births, is avoided.

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