Gynaecology and obstetrics Books

Book SynopsisPreeclampsia: Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Potential Treatments investigates the clinical, anamnestic, and biochemical predictors of preeclampsia. As such, a prognostic model based on the co-use of the studied predictors has been developed for the early prediction of late-onset moderate preeclampsia. The authors summarize some theories suggested to explain the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia has not yet been fully clarified and it remains a disease of theories. Furthermore, as it is a human-specific disease, the lack of one-on-one animal modeling and many other factors contribute to poor understanding of the disease pathophysiology. Additionally, this collection explores the possibilities of the maternal and fetal heart rate variability usage at all stages of management among pre-eclamptic women in a three-stage system. The concluding review includes sources of literature on the pathogenesis, management and long-term consequences of pre-eclampsia.

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Book SynopsisEndometriosis is a chronic benign estrogen-dependent disease which is characterized by the presence of endometriotic glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. It affects women during reproductive age, but it may also be diagnosed in menopausal women. Endometriosis can be asymptomatic; but most frequently it can be responsible for pain symptoms and/or infertility, severely impacting women' quality of life. Overall, clinical presentation depends on the location of endometriotic lesions: intestinal symptoms can occur in case of bowel nodules whereas urinary symptoms can occur in case of urinary tract endometriosis. At the moment, the exact prevalence of endometriosis is unknown because its definitive diagnosis requires surgery and histological evaluation. It has been estimated that this benign chronic disease affects at least 3.6% of reproductive age women; however, its prevalence could significantly increase considering women suffering from dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain and/or infertility. The etiology of endometriosis is unclear: various factors, such as multiple abnormalities of the immune system, genetic factors and environmental factors may influence women' susceptibility to develop this chronic disease. Although the gold standard for the diagnosis of endometriosis is the pathological evaluation of surgical biopsies or specimens, today transvaginal ultrasonography is largely employed to reliably identify the presence of deep infiltrating endometriosis or ovarian endometriomas. The aim of the surgery for endometriosis is to restore the normal anatomy by removing endometriotic lesions and by performing adequate removal of abdominal adhesions. However, surgery, in case of deep infiltrating implants, can be rather challenging for gynecologists due to the complexity of pelvic adhesions involving several structures and it may be characterized by rare but not negligible urological, intestinal, neurological and vascular complications. Furthermore, pain may recur after conservative surgery for endometriosis. Although surgery is obviously required in cases of ureteral stenosis, bowel occlusion or ovarian cysts with doubtful characteristics of malignancy, medical therapy, and, particularly, hormonal therapies, are the initial therapeutic approach today for most patients with endometriosis-related pain. Long-term medical therapy for endometriosis aims to minimize the production and action of estradiol, inhibiting the production of cyclic hormones from the ovaries. Numerous medical options (such as estroprogestins, progestins, gonadotropin- releasing hormones analogs and antagonists) are available for treating women with endometriosis: the choice of the most suitable compound is based on several factors, such as intensity of pain, age, desire to conceive, costs, route of administration and impact of the endometriosis on work capacity, sexual function and quality of life of each women. Currently, research is focused on finding new innovative targets to treat this benign chronic disease; in fact, it is well known that development, maintenance and progression of endometriosis depend on a variety of aberrant mechanisms including cell proliferation, immune function, apoptosis, invasion capacity and angiogenesis. The aim of this book is to give an accurate overview on pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of endometriosis.Table of ContentsPreface; Environmental Factors and Endometriosis: Is There a Need or Possibility for a Change?; Pathogenesis of Endometriosis; Is Macrophage Polarization Important in Pathogenesis of Endometriosis?; Advances in Endometriosis Diagnosis: How Far Can Molecular Biology Help Us?; Quality of Life, Sexual Function and Couple Relationship in Women with Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain; Endometriosis: Comprehensive Overview on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options; First-Line Medical Therapies for the Treatment of Endometriosis; Second-Line Medical Therapies for the Treatment of Endometriosis; Experimental Drugs in Endometriosis Therapy; Hormonal Therapies before In vitro Fertilization in Patients with Endometriosis; Bowel Endometriosis: Epidemiology of a Challenging Disease; Surgical Treatment of Bowel Endometriosis; Rectovaginal Deep Endometriosis: Planning the Right Surgical Approach; Urinary Tract Endometriosis: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis; Cesarean Scar Endometriosis; Impact of Endometriosis on Pregnancy; Appendix I; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book that provides a comprehensive and in-depth account of the current state of knowledge on the ovarian reserve and its clinical applications in gynaecology and reproductive medicine. Ovarian reserve is a term commonly used to reflect the total number of remaining primordial follicles, which determines a womans fertility potential. Since its emergence in the late 1980s during the early days of assisted reproduction technology, the concept of ovarian reserve has continued to gain importance in clinical practice and research, as reflected by the exponentially growing number of publications on the topic. A wide range of ovarian reserve markers have been introduced over the years, starting with serum follicle stimulating hormone level in 1988 and most recently anti-Müllerian hormone in 2002. This book starts with a detailed background on the physiology of the ovarian reserve including early ovarian development, follicular dynamics, and the natural history of primordial follicles. This is followed by a comprehensive account of the various biochemical, sonographic, and dynamic markers and their current applications. A special chapter is devoted to anti-Müllerian hormone, which is the most extensively researched and widely used ovarian reserve marker. The role of anti-Müllerian hormone and its clinical utility in polycystic ovarian syndrome is presented in a separate chapter. The book then explores the clinical applications of ovarian reserve testing in various reproductive disorders, including early ovarian aging, diminished ovarian reserve (pathological and iatrogenic), poor ovarian response during assisted reproduction technology, and premature ovarian insufficiency.Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Concept of Ovarian Reserve; Natural History of the Primordial Follicles; Ovarian Reserve Testing; Anti-Müllerian Hormone; Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome; Diminished Ovarian Reserve; Ovarian Reserve and IVF: The Problem of Poor Ovarian Response; Premature Ovarian Insufficiency; References.

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Book SynopsisAdolescent sexuality and gynecologic care of young patients are topics which make most clinicians uncomfortable. This is due to a lack of knowledge and training in many circumstances. Assumptions based upon knowledge of adult gynecology alone may be hazardous for pediatric and adolescent patients. These children and young women often do not have access to specialists who are able and willing to care for their gynecologic issues at an appropriate level. The primary care setting is often the most comfortable venue for a number of these patients. The concept for this book was to provide a reference for primary care providers without highly specialized gynecology textbooks, just to focus on what providers tackle on a daily basis. The first edition was well received and the feedback was good. In the 10 years since the first edition was published, our knowledge has improved and many new methods, medications and devices were added to daily practice. Those changes prompted the Editors to provide an updated version of the book, while keeping its essence intact.Table of ContentsForeword; Dedication; Preface; Pediatric and Adolescent Sexuality: An Overview; Office Pediatric Gynecology; Gynecologic Endocrinology; Genetic Syndromes in Adolescent Gynecology; Child Abuse and Maltreatment; Breast Disorders in Children and Adolescents; Menstrual Disorders in Adolescent Females; Contraception: Updates; Pregnancy and Abortion; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections; Ovarian Tumors in Children and Adolescents; The Female Athlete; Postpartum Depression; Gynecological Features of Eating Disorders; About the Editors; About the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States; About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a valuable clinical resource for health professionals and researchers. It gives an overview about the pivotal role played by High Molecular Hyaluronic Acid (HMW-HA) during pregnancy and its applications in the gestational period. Hyaluronic acid is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and one of the most interesting, versatile and useful natural molecules in almost all areas of biology. As widely reported, HA has a pivotal role in several phases of pregnancy, from fertilisation to labour and it displays several regulatory activities and functional properties based on its different molecular weight. While low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA) is widely used in gynaecology for menopause-related symptoms or in association with physical treatments (eg: radiation therapy) to counteract the onset of adverse events, HMW-HA has been poorly evaluated as clinical treatment. Its physiological presence in the extracellular matrix of all the main organs and tissues involved in pregnancy (uterus, cervix, placenta, decidua, chorion, amnios, ovarium etc..) suggests the importance of this molecule for a successful gestation. Several papers, in particular, shed light on its importance for blastocyst adhesion and implantation, for an efficient immune tolerance and for the correct development of haemo-lymphatic system. It has been demonstrated that HMW-HA has regulatory activity on the PGRMC1 expression, a specific progesterone receptor expressed in maternal and foetal-maternal interface tissues, involved in uterine quiescence. On these premises, the administration of HMW-HA may represent an interesting treatment opportunity for the prevention of recurrent miscarriage and pre-term birth (PTB) in patients with risk factors. The high safety profile of HMW-HA further supports its administration in pregnancy. All these interesting topics will be discussed and deepened in this book, giving the opportunity to explore in detail every aspect of this effective and attractive molecule, thus helping physicians to assess the state of connective tissues in pregnancy and to evaluate the risk for the onset of gestational complications.Table of ContentsPreface; Properties and Physiological Role of Hyaluronic Acid; Hyaluronic Acid in Obstetrics: Role in Physiological Pregnancy; Effect of Hyaluronic Acid Treatment in Maintaining the Physiological Pregnancy: Preclinical Evidence; Safety of Hyaluronic Acid in Pregnancy; Use of Hyaluronic Acid in Assisted Reproduction Techniques; Role of Hyaluronan in Fetal Development; Hyaluronic Acid in the Development of the Gut and Protection Against Necrotizing Enterocolitis; About the Editor; Index.

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Book SynopsisCancer during pregnancy is a rare event, occurring approximately once per 1,000 pregnancies annually, corresponding to 0.07% to 0.1% of all malignant tumours. The incidence of cancer in pregnancy is increasing maybe due to trends in delayed childbearing. The most common malignancies associated with pregnancy are, in order of decreasing frequency, melanoma and breast cancer, cervical cancer, lymphomas and leukaemias. Melanoma, hematopoietic malignancies and lung cancer are the only cancers that have been reported to metastasize to the placenta and foetus, while melanoma accounts for almost one third of all cases. Imaging during pregnancy should consider risks to the foetus. Treatment of cancer can often be safely administered with good maternal and foetal outcomes. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery must be adapted to the pregnancy state. Psychological support is needed at all levels of care. In addition, the diagnosis of cancer during reproductive age is increased, so procedures for counselling women with newly diagnosed cancer for fertility preservation are necessary. Due to high survival rates and high quality of life after cancer, women should be given the opportunity to plan motherhood after cancer actively. This work will provide an updated review of the diagnosis, staging and treatment options for cancer during pregnancy and the tools for a complete oncofertility counselling.Table of ContentsPreface; Oncofertility; Fertility Sparing Procedures; Taking Care of Women with Cancer During Pregnancy; Psychological Aspects in Women with Cancer and Pregnancy; Imaging Procedures in Pregnancy for Pre-Invasive and Invasive Lesions in Gynecological Cancers; Diagnostic Methods for Neoplastic and Pre-Invasive Lesions of Non-Gynaecological Neoplasms in Pregnancy; Monitoring Pregnancy (In Patients with History of Cancer and Diagnosis of Cancer); Lactation in Cancer; Breast Cancer and Pregnancy; Anticancer Therapies During Pregnancy: Focus on Breast Cancer; Supportive Care in Pregnancy; Radiation Therapy and Pregnancy; Index.

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Book SynopsisInfectious Pregnancy Complications deal with the co-occurrence of pregnancy and an infection. The infection may precede or follow fertilisation. This book presents the latest research in the field.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines working memory in pre-term and full-term infants at eight months after the expected date of delivery. Although numerous studies have reported that the overall development of pre-term infants is comparable to that of full-term infants at the same corrected age, it is unclear to what extent the development of specific cognitive abilities is affected by pre-maturity and/or other factors such as medical complications. As pre-term infants have a high rate of learning difficulties, it is possible that factors associated with pre-maturity specifically affect the development of some regions of the brain associated with working memory.

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Book SynopsisThis book represents an attempt to review the most recent knowledge concerning basic processes occurring in the most important female reproductive organ -- ovary and their regulators. The most important processes (ovarian cyclic changes and oogenesis), as well as their extracellular (hormones and growth factors) and intracellular (protein kinases, transcription factors, small RNAs) regulators are described. Data concerning processes or substances well described in previous reviews are summarised here in a short form with references to corresponding reviews.

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Book SynopsisMiscarriage is a common problem in obstetrics and often experienced in woman''s life. It occurs in about 10 percent of pregnancy and is more frequent with increasing age and in women with previous miscarriages. It has many clinical forms and different known causes, although most miscarriages remain unexplained. When counselling a patient, Doctors share anguish with their patients when they are compelled to inform them on the causes remained unexplained and on the scarce chances to prevent the recurrence. All this triggered the authors to plan and make a book on miscarriages, wishing they may add knowledge to doctors and hope to families who experience the problem.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present new developments in childbirth research. Topics discussed in this compilation include the theoretical and research findings on the psychopathology during transition to parenthood as a critical life event; the voices of postnatal women and how their experiences enhance antenatal practice; a sociological understanding of women''s childbirth discourses; ethical analysis on therapeutic abortion for foetal abnormality; the use of placental blood in term and pre-term new-borns; self-efficacy theory and intervention in childbirth; and anal sphincter damages in childbirth.

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Book SynopsisThis book was written to satisfy the rising need for epidemiology oriented clinicians. It focuses on essential aspects of perinatal medicine in a straightforward accessible manner. It gives the epidemiological perspectives on maternal and foetal morbidities in addition to peripartum and neonatal complications. Chapters discuss epidemiology of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, hypertensive disorders, ectopic pregnancy, pre-term delivery, placental problems, epidemiology of obesity during pregnancy, intra-uterine growth restriction and maternal and perinatal mortality. Written by international experts, this sensible guide draws on evidence-based data in perinatal medicine. This book is a valuable resource for a broad spectrum of clinicians and healthcare professionals dealing with perinatal medicine. Medical and nursing students, as well as residents in obstetrics and paediatrics may largely benefit from it at various stages of their training.

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Book SynopsisThe primary function of the mammary gland is to provide nutrition for the young in the form of milk protein and fat. However, there are other benefits that are provided by lactation, such as the provision of immune factors that are secreted into the milk, which provide protection from infection. In this book, the authors discuss the natural processes, physiological response and role in maternity of lactation. Topics include gene expression in the mammary gland; human milk oligosaccharides and their health effects; the role of micro-RNAs in the lactation process; hormonal control of lactation, the role of breastfeeding in lactation; and Wnt signalling and ultrasound in lactation.

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Book SynopsisEndometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy after breast cancer in developed countries. Its incidence is steadily rising and, now, the lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer in the industrialized areas is about 23%. This book deals with the main aspects of disease management, including the perspectives for primary and secondary prevention, and the most recent interpretation of its pathogenesis. The management of endometrial cancer continues to evolve as we better understand tumour biology and more widely apply what evidence-based medicine comes from. This book may be of interest and a useful update for any health provider involved in gynaecological cancer care.

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to become a useful tool in the field of gynaecological oncology providing the most up-to-date research on non-epithelial ovarian tumours, including the recent data on pathogenesis and the current strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. The authors present and review important data on rare and various primary ovarian neoplasms such as the many subtypes of germ cell tumours, of the most important subtypes of Sex cord -Stromal tumours and the rare mixed forms of Germ cell and Gonadal Stromal tumours. Non-specific mesenchymal tumours of the ovary are reviewed, as well as Secondary neoplasms, metastatic to the ovary from various sites (extragenital and genital primaries).

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Book SynopsisInfertility affects about 15% of couples in western societies. In addition to isolation, infertility challenges women''s sense of identity, expectations of their life trajectory and their perceived value in society. This book presents current research on the genetic factors, treatment risk and benefits, and social and psychological consequences of infertility. Topics include the traditional Chinese medicine approach to fertility management; adverse outcomes of assisted reproduction techniques; the impact of follicular fluid components and embryo-endometrial cross-talk on the oocyte quality or embryo viability; iatrogenic damage incurred during fertility treatment upon gamete competence and embryonic viability; genetic factors of male infertility; animal models for studying female infertility; and treatment of endometriosis associated with infertility.

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Book SynopsisThe menstrual cycle is the scientific term for the physiological changes that occur in fertile women and other female primates for the purposes of sexual reproduction. In this book, the authors discuss the signs and symptoms, psychological/behavioural changes and abnormalities of the menstrual cycle. Topics include the evolution of the menstrual cycle with a focus on the role of the luteal phase, extended sexual receptivity and the concept of concealed ovulation; functional and structural brain alterations associated with menstrual pain; premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS); the fluctuations on appetite and food intake that occur during the female reproductive cycle; and assessing energy intake and physical activity energy expenditure during the menstrual cycle.

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Book SynopsisThe placenta plays an essential role in childbirth. It becomes disposable after the baby is born which makes it the only organ in the human body that serves a vital function and then becomes obsolete. It is an extremely complex piece of biological equipment which allows the mother''s and the baby''s blood to come into very close contact, without mixing, to supply nutrients and oxygen to the baby, and move waste products like carbon dioxide back from baby to mother. Thus, the placenta acts as the lung, kidney and digestive system for the baby. The placenta also plays an important role in hormone production. Human chorionic gonadotropin is produced by the placenta and can be found in the baby''s blood as early as 10 days into pregnancy. The placenta is also responsible for the production of other hormones including oestrogen and progesterone and protects the baby from possible infection or from damage by substances found in the environment or used by the mother, such as alcohol, drugs, pollutants and endocrine disrupters. This book presents the reader with a comprehensive, well written and informative collection of chapters written by experts from around the world. It will be a valuable asset for anyone interested in reproduction and pregnancy and wanting to access excellent reviews as well as the most current discussion of the biology and medicine of the placenta.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present current research in the study of ovulation detection, its signs, symptoms and outcomes. Topics discussed in this compilation include the importance of up and down regulation of receptors for FSH, progesterone and GnRH in the ovary, endometrium and lymphocytes in correcting various ovulatory disorders and achieving live deliveries; polycystic ovary syndrome and implications in metabolic disorders; cancer risk of drugs for ovarian stimulation; alternatives to laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in clomiphene resistent women with polycystic ovary syndrome; reproductive outcomes and obesity; ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and a focus on neurovascular complications; and new methods for ovulation detection.

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Book SynopsisGlobally, cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death for women with cancer. This is a tragedy in part because cervical cancer affects women usually a decade sooner than other cancers when those women are in their reproductive years and in the prime years in the labour force. While screening with the Pap test or other more recently evaluated tests have resulted in low cervical cancer rates in high resource countries, the lack of screening options in low resource countries means that many women present with symptoms reflective of advanced disease and so the chance of survival is low even with aggressive treatment. In this book, we have an international spectrum of authors from both high and low resource settings. We review the risk factors that lead to cervical cancer. We discuss novel screening techniques including HPV testing. We present the capacity for HPV vaccines to markedly reduce cervical cancer rates. Planning and implementing an organised cervical screening program and the assessment of quality indicators as a means of evaluation is outlined. In this book, we discuss novel operative options in early stage invasive cervical cancer as a means of preserving fertility. Also, we discuss the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a means of down staging the disease. The role of surgically staging women to define more advanced disease is outlined including options for management of metastatic and/or recurrent disease with chemotherapy and targeted therapies. The special situation of women found to be pregnant during the diagnosis of pre-invasive or invasive cervical cancer; and the diagnosis and management principles are reviewed. Just as poliomyelitis has almost been eliminated in the lifetime of one generation, we look forward to the elimination of oncogenic HPV and its deadly ramifications particularly for women exposed to this virus.

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Book SynopsisThis book represents an attempt to review the most recent knowledge concerning basic processes occurring in the most important female reproductive organ -- the ovaries and their regulators. The most important processes (ovarian cyclic changes and oogenesis), as well as their extracellular (hormones and growth factors) and intracellular (protein kinases, transcription factors, small RNAs) regulators are described. Data concerning processes or substances well described in previous reviews are summarised here in a short form with references to corresponding reviews.

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Book SynopsisIn this book the authors present current research in the study of foetal development and its stages of growth, maternal influences and potential complications. Topics discusses in this compilation include the equine foetal development, fetomaternal interaction and potential complications during pregnancy; comparative anatomy, development and functional significance of the mammalian yolk sac; influence of exercise training on e-NOS expression, nitric oxide production and mitochondrial function in the human placenta; maternal melamine and foetal development; and immunolocalisation of syntaxin2 in sinusoidal endothelial cells during mouse liver development.

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Book SynopsisA miscarriage can be defined as a pregnancy that ends spontaneously before the foetus has reached a viable gestational age. There are two types of miscarriages: sporadic (SM) and recurrent (RM). RM is defined by most clinicians as three or more consecutive miscarriages. In this book, the authors discuss topics that include prevention of recurrent miscarriages; auto-immunity and recurrent miscarriages; the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicines for threatened miscarriage; Chinese herbal medicines for recurrent miscarriage; and the genetics of miscarriages.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a review from diagnosis to management on the innovative use of the Da Vinci Robot in gynaecology (including both benign and gynaecological oncology). The authors of this book present and review important data on different chapters as: preface, history of robotics, evolution of robotics in medicine, the console -- the robot -- instruments used by the robot, use of energy by robotic instruments -- siting of ports - docking, positioning of the patient, role of bedside assistant, anaesthetising for robotic pelvic surgery, applications in gynaecology, non-gynaecological applications of the robot, simple hysterectomy, sacrocolpopexy, endometriosis, tubal surgery, radical hysterectomy, radical trachelectomy, nerve sparing techniques, pelvic lymphadenectomy - para-aortic lymphadenectomy, sentinel nodes, omentectomy, appendicectomy, pelvic exenteration, pelvic side wall recurrence surgery, robotic surgery during pregnancy and early pregnancy complications, role of the robot in elderly and obese patients, suturing, accessory instruments to facilitate robotic pelvic surgery, post-operative care after robotic surgery, cost of robot. Finally, the authors suggest fields for possible future research.

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Book SynopsisDyspareunia, or painful sexual intercourse, associated with menopause has been a taboo subject for decades. During the past year, postmenopausal women have been saturated with print and television advertisements regarding two prescription treatments for painful sex associated with menopause. This book is intended to elucidate in understandable terms the two prescription options currently available for the treatment of dyspareunia, Premarin (conjugated equine estrogens) Vaginal Cream and Osphena (ospemifene) oral tablets. Premarin is a cocktail of hormones isolated from the urine of pregnant horses that was originally approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in 1942. Today, Premarin remains the most commonly prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Osphena is a synthetic non-estrogen drug approved in 2013 that is classified as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Other SERMs approved by the FDA include tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment and prevention, and Evista (raloxifene) for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and reducing the risk of breast cancer. The FDA is required to educate the public about the benefits and risks of prescription drugs. Unfortunately, these messages are not always clear. We discuss, in understandable terms, the benefits and risks of Premarin Vaginal Cream and Osphena oral tablets as seen in media advertisements, boxed warnings and package inserts. Throughout this book, we discuss the history of these two treatment options for dyspareunia and the future research intended to improve upon hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women.

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Book SynopsisEdited by premier researchers in the field, this is a unique book that comprehensively covers the important topic of uterine leiomyomas from biology, health disparity challenges, impact on fertility, novel risk factors, imaging as well as innovative minimally-invasive to non-invasive treatment options with over eleven chapters by leading practitioners and medical investigators of this disease. Although all areas of uterine leiomyoma are reviewed and updated, with a focus on the medical treatment of this common condition, which offers promise to millions of patients with symptomatic uterine leiomyoma. This book describes important facets of this disease such as the role of vitamin D deficiency as a novel risk factor and its higher incidence in women of color. Novel approaches for treatment using green tea extract or radiofrequency volumetric thermal ablation are also described in detail. This book is essential reading for gynecologists, family doctors, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, medical students, OB/GYN residents and fellows, reproductive biologists, as well as other health care providers who care for women with this common disease.

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Book SynopsisHysterectomy is the most frequently performed operation in women, with a life time risk varying from country to country from less than 20% to over 40%. Over 70,000 hysterectomies are performed annually in England alone, and even higher proportions in the USA. Hysterectomies continue to be the second most commonly performed surgery in the United States. This book discusses the different methods of a hysterectomy, the prevalence and postoperative complications involved.

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Book SynopsisAn estimated 41% of pregnancies are unintended. Globally, 86 million pregnancies are unintended. These unintended pregnancies resulted in 41 million abortions, 33 million unplanned births and 11 million miscarriages. Nearly half of all pregnancies in the U.S. are unintended, which is defined as any pregnancy either mistimed, unplanned or unwanted. Safe and effective contraception is clearly one of the most important areas of reproductive health for women. In this book, the authors review a number of topics in this important subject area. In the section on unmet needs, the authors reviews the unmet needs for contraception in the U.S., UK, Europe, Asia and the developing world as well as unmet needs in special populations such as adolescents, women with medical conditions and women living with HIV. The authors review the current options for contraception with special emphasis on efficacy, side effects and patient selection and identifies gaps in contraception options. Finally, the authors review some of the latest advances and innovations in contraceptive technology.

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Book SynopsisTrophoblasts (from Greek trephein: to feed, and blastos: germinator) constitute a particular population of cells forming the outer layer of the blastocyst, providing the embryo with nutrients and giving rise to the outer chorionic sac and the foetal component of the placenta. The trophoblast facilitates embryonic implantation via its inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and its outer layer of multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, forming the early connections between the embryo and the maternal endometrium. The cells of the trophoblast have many qualities, exhibit important functions and have an important role in the development of the placenta; also, they work as a regulator during early growth of the embryo. This volume provides a detailed summary of knowledge regarding the development of the trophoblast during the First Trimester of Pregnancy, the process of placenta apoptosis and the factors causing aging of the placenta. The pathology of trophoblast can manifest itself in several clinical conditions during pregnancy such as intrauterine foetal growth restriction (IUGR), gestational trophoblastic disease and pre-eclampsia. The analysis of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in these critical conditions are discussed in this book. These aspects are analysed with scientific methodology on the basis of updated studies. "Development of Human Trophoblast" can be considered a reference book for every pathologist, obstetrician and resident.

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Book SynopsisThere is a group of women that have a greater chance of pregnancy complications due to pre-existing health conditions or the occurrence of a specific disease related to pregnancy. Although some of these conditions are common, others have a low prevalence and the management raises a number of concerns to health care providers. This book, whose chapters have a similar structure focused on the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features will become an important tool to display the most appropriate clinical management in high risk cases.

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Book SynopsisMenorrhagia is defined as heavy menstrual loss. Its main determinant of management is the impact of menorrhagia on the woman''s quality of life. This book examines the history of menorrhagia, which should elucidate the temporal aspects of the heavy menstrual blood loss and may shed light on the etiology of menorrhagia. The authors further provide instructions on how to examine and treat women with menorrhagia. Furthermore, the book outlines a diagnostic approach and concentrates on different therapies like combined oral contraceptive pills in contrast with surgical management. With an effective treatment management, it is possible to better achieve the diagnostics of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) although areas that need further research are highlighted. The clinical use of NF-kappaB (NF-kB) inhibitors, which play an important role in the regulation of the amount of menstrual bleeding and pain are also explored. In addition to menorrhagia, the authors of this book examine dysmenorrhea, pain associated with menstruation. It is also the most prevalent symptom in women with the painful condition of endometriosis. Ilaria Erasmo and Simone Ferrero examine the types of therapy for endometriosis-related dysmenorrhea and the various hormonal treatments shown to effectively and safely relieve pain, which they argue should be based on the preference of the patients, on the incidence of adverse effects and on the costs of treatment.

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Book SynopsisMacrosomia is a term used to describe a neonate with excessive birth weight and is diagnosed when the birth weight exceeds a threshold. Macrosomia is associated with numerous maternal as well as neonatal complications and is, therefore, a major cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This book addresses several risk factors, outcomes and potential health complications that may be caused by macrosomia.

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Book SynopsisOvarian cancer is the third most diagnosed gynecologic cancer and the first leading cause of death from all of gynecological malignancies. High mortality of the patients is usually associated with the progression of the disease. Most patients are diagnosed within the advanced stages due to lacking relevant diagnostic and screening markers. This handbook discusses several risk factors of ovarian cancer. It also examines the different therapies provided to ovarian cancer patients, and the prognosis of the cancer.

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Book SynopsisAs the knowledge required for efficient delivery of quality women''s healthcare continues to grow, disease-specific textbooks are required to specifically address all aspects of a condition. A general textbook may not be able to address this need due to space constraints. This book is written to fill this gap as it relates to amenorrhoea, a common challenge for women within the reproductive age. The reader is offered a comprehensive knowledge of amenorrhoea, its burden, causes, presentation and management in one book. The book covers all aspect of amenorrhoea, which ordinarily is not covered by general textbooks of gynaecology. This compilation addresses various causes of amenorrhoea, from common causes such as hyperprolactinaemia to rare causes like Kallmann''s syndrome and female athlete triad. The chapters are arranged in a logical and easy-to-follow style from general to specific issues making the book a daily guide as well as a reference text on amenorrhoea. The book''s multi-author design is deliberate to ensure not only depth and breadth, but diversity as well. It also ensures that the experience and expertise of over twenty authors is brought to bear concerning the content. In addition, the authors utilise the available evidence moderated by their experience to produce a simple and straightforward guide for the practising gynaecologist, resident, general medical practitioner and others interested in providing quality reproductive health care to women in low, middle and high-income countries. Experienced gynaecologists and trainers will also find this book a very useful companion and guide.

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Book SynopsisThis volume includes nine chapters that detail treatment options for health problems associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Chapter One gives an overview of the various technologies and techniques that can be used for prenatal diagnosis. Chapter Two collects the latest evidence on treatment for tubal ectopic pregnancy and highlights the impact that drugs and surgical techniques used for this purpose may have. Chapter Three discusses the problem of human childbirth and the rise of caesarean sections from the viewpoint of evolutionary anthropology. Chapter Four collects the latest evidence on treatment for non-tubal ectopic pregnancy. Chapter Five proposes a risk score model for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for caesarean sections that balances clinical risks and cost-effectiveness. Chapter Six establishes a differential protocol for placenta praevia based on a model of risk factors to enable food outcomes in caesarean section. Chapter Seven provides a detailed analysis of the various therapeutic options available for ectopic tubal and non-tubal pregnancy, and their indications, contraindications and special considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic and patients affected with this disease. Chapter Eight addresses the impact of ectopic pregnancy and the effects of treatments on patients'' fertility. Finally, Chapter Nine addresses the course of ectopic pregnancy from diagnosis to treatment.

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Book SynopsisThis, the 30th anniversary 5th edition, has been completely revised and updated but continues to provide the clear, concise and practical guidance necessary to manage the obstetric emergencies that confront those on the frontline of the labour ward. The advice, drawn from the author's extensive experience, is authoritative and unequivocal. The book is illustrated and fully indexed with selected references for further reading. Written for trainee and practising obstetricians, midwives and obstetric nurses.Trade ReviewThis concise, practical, beautifully written handbook addresses all the common, and many of the rarer complications which we can encounter and is clearly presented for immediate use, but also appropriately referenced for those with the time, inclination and need for in depth analysis. Apps are part of the future no doubt, but the written word is still king, and in the emergency scenario is likely to remain as such. I truly recommend this Handbook for everyone who could find themselves as the healthcare provider at the bedside of a mother in need anywhere in the resourced or under resourced world. - Prof Jim Dornan, Chair Health & Life Sciences UU, Chair Fetal Medicine QUB (retd.) Ulster Medical Journal July 2016Table of ContentsIntrapartum care; Miscarriage; Ectopic pregnancy; Acute abdominal pain in pregnancy; Antepartum haemorrhage; Severe pre-eclampsia / eclampsia; Non-progressive labour: dystocia; Intrapartum fetal monitoring; Shoulder dystocia; Breech delivery; Twin & triplet delivery; Cord prolapse; Postpartum haemorrhage; Retained placenta; Lower genital tract trauma; Acute uterine inversion; Vaginal birth after caesarean section; Uterine rupture; Emergency obstetric hysterectomy; Haemorrhagic shock; Disseminated intravascular coagulation; Amniotic fluid embolism; Emergency uterine relaxation; Major vessel ligation & embolization; Trauma in pregnancy; Analgesia for emergency obstetric procedures; Immediate care of the new-born.

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Book SynopsisFrom 1994 to 2023, Professor Drife wrote an entertaining column in the journal of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. His sole aim was to amuse colleagues - young and old, female and male - working in a stressful and fast-changing specialty. Using wit, observation of life inside and outside medicine, and a global perspective, he helped them to relax, reflect and sometimes laugh out loud.Trade Review"This book will appeal to allobstetricians and gynaecologists, as a source of entertainment as well as abreath of inspiration to their everyday practice. We are fortunate that ProfessorDrife has shared with us his wisdom, insight and humour in this wonderful book"-- from the foreword by Miss Fatima Husain FRCOG, MRCGP, DIPM

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Book SynopsisSeveral studies have looked at populations of volunteers, women from the electoral roll and women attending general practices, and have reported the ultrasound appearance of polycystic ovaries in as many as one in three to one in five. If groups of women with irregular periods are looked at, up to 90% will have polycystic ovaries at ultrasound. Similarly, when women with increased facial and body hair are screened, about 90% will have polycystic ovaries, as will three out of four women with acne. It has also been suggested by some studies that women with recurrent miscarriage or early pregnancy loss after in-vitro fertilisation have an increased incidence of polycystic ovaries. However, not all studies support this hypothesis, and additional research is needed to evaluate this further. This book looks at the historical background of this condition; the structure and function of the female genital organs; symptoms and signs; diagnostic techniques; the inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome; long-term effects; lifestyle factors; polycystic ovaries and the skin; ovulation induction; surgical treatment to induce ovulation; in-vitro fertilisation; pregnancy outcomes.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the psychological conditions associated with the many phases of a woman''s lifespan: the menarche; the menstrual cycle; infertility; pregnancy and the puerperium; and menopause and perimenopause. Issues such as eating disorders, substance misuse and other disorders are also addressed. For each condition, the nature and extent of the condition, detection or diagnosis, the pharmacological and psychosocial interventions available, and the importance of referral and co-working with multidisciplinary teams are covered. The book is primarily designed to provide a comprehensive summary for candidates preparing for the Part 2 MRCOG examination, and as such covers the RCOG curriculum for psychological disorders. It is also a valuable guide for all healthcare professionals needing a clearer understanding of this important area.

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Book SynopsisUltrasound plays an integral part in the diagnosis and management of many gynaecological conditions; indeed, ultrasound forms part of the RCOG''s mandatory training programme for doctors wishing to specialise in obstetrics and gynaecology. This book will be of use to both trainees and those already in clinical practice looking for a user-friendly reference guide. The use of ultrasound in gynaecology goes well beyond simple picture recognition: a skilful gynaecological sonographer will bring together scan findings and the clinical scenario to enhance patient care. This leads to targeted investigations and strategies for intervention. This book covers all aspects of the use of ultrasound in the fields of gynaecology and early pregnancy, with the contents including: postmenopausal bleeding; adnexal masses; pelvic pain; reproductive medicine; miscarriage; ectopic pregnancy; and ovarian cysts.

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Book SynopsisThe DRCOG (Diploma) is an examination for doctors who wish to offer obstetrics, gynaecology and other aspects of women''s health care in a primary care setting (GP surgeries, walk-in centres and family planning clinics). This book provides a comprehensive guide to the new style DRCOG examination which was introduced in October 2007. It includes: an overview of the curriculum and syllabus a guide to the format of the DRCOG examination sample questions for each of the question formats: extended matching questions (EMQs), single best answer questions (SBAs) and multiple choice questions (MCQs) six sample papers answers to all of the sample questions and papers tips for candidates.

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Book SynopsisGreat progress has been made in genetics in recent years, with significant consequences for the field of reproductive genetics. The ability to identify genetic defects before implantation, to diagnose fetal abnormalities and to introduce screening programmes means that genetic testing now has a major role in preventive medicine. The 57th RCOG Study Group brought together a range of experts to examine the many clinical, ethical and societal issues around reproductive genetics. This book presents the findings of the Study Group, covering a range of disorders, advances in treatments and techniques, as well as the importance of educating the public and the potential ethical dilemmas that may arise as a result of new scientific findings and new methodologies.

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Book SynopsisAcute gynaecological problems are among the most common reasons for women of reproductive age to seek medical help. Emergency outpatient visits now outnumber elective clinical appointments in gynaecology. With a growing number of patients, increasingly complex diagnostic algorithms and a wide range of management options, the participation and training of senior doctors in this field is vital to ensure women receive the best possible treatment. This book provides a thorough overview of acute gynaecology and early pregnancy and has been designed to reflect the syllabus of the RCOG''s Advanced Training Skills Module (ATSM) in ''Early pregnancy and emergency gynaecology''. It covers the diagnosis and management of routine clinical problems, such as miscarriage and tubal pregnancy, as well as less frequently seen presentations, such as uncommon forms of ectopic pregnancy and trophoblastic disease. The use of drugs in early pregnancy and management organisational aspects of care are also addressed.

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Book SynopsisA solid understanding of fetal medicine is essential for the practice of obstetrics and gynaecology. This comprehensive book, which has been extensively updated to reflect current clinical practice and developments in the field since publication of the original edition, provides a thorough overview of fetal medicine, covering: screening for chromosomal abnormalities; prenatal diagnostic techniques; the routine anomaly scan; fetal structural abnormalities; fetal therapy; prenatal diagnosis and management of non-immune hydrops fetalis; termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormality; fetal growth restriction; twin pregnancy; and fetal infection. The book is primarily designed to provide a comprehensive summary for candidates preparing for the Part 2 MRCOG examination, and as such covers the RCOG curriculum for fetal medicine. It is also a valuable guide for all healthcare professionals working in the field, including trainees, consultants and midwives.

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