Grammar, syntax and morphology Books

Book SynopsisGrammar in Use is the world's best-selling grammar series for learners of English.

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Book SynopsisThis dictionary is an invaluable reference for anyone with an interest in the earliest form of the English language (i.e. the form of English spoken from around 700 AD until 1100 AD). Includes listings from Old English to Modern English (over 5,500 entries) and from Modern English to Old English (over 3,900 entries), along with a grammar section, a list of place names in Old English, numbers and the calendar, and the likely pronunciation of Old English words.Table of ContentsPreface to 2nd edition Abbreviations used in this dictionary The Alphabet Pronunciation Relation to other languages Grammar Nouns Adjectives Adverbs Pronouns Interrogative pronouns: hwa ('who')/hwaet ('what') Hwaether ('which of two') Hwilc ('which') 'The'/'that' 'This' Strong verbs Weak verbs Preterite-present verbs i-mutation Bibliography Place names Britain Countries and Continents Cardinal numbers and the calendar AEnglisc - English English - AEnglisc

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Book SynopsisGrammar in Use is the world's best-selling grammar series for learners of English.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisWhy are geese in a gaggle? Are lions actually proud? And do crows deserve their murderous moniker? Collective nouns are one of the most bizarre and baffling aspects of the English language, and this absorbing book tells the stories of these evocative phrases, exploring and explaining the etymology behind them. Each collective noun summons up the animal or event it describes. But where did they come from? 'A parliament of owls', for example, seems to have its origins in the 1950s children's classic The Chronicles of Narnia in which C.S. Lewis references a phrase from Chaucer, 'the parliament of fowls'. Lewis' version changed 'fowls' to 'owls' and due to the international success of his books it caught on and is now recognised as dictionary compilers as the 'correct' term for a group of owls. Perfect for any history or language buff, this is an entertaining and fascinating look at many of the bizarre phrases which have stood the test of time.

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Book SynopsisThe goal of this contribution to the Elements series is to closely examine Merge, its form, its function, and its central role in current linguistic theory. It explores what it does (and does not do), why it has the form it has, and its development over time.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Background: goals and orientation of the generative enterprise; 3. The Form of Merge; 4. Merge and the non-expansion of the WS; Restricting Resources/Minimal Yield; 5. Language Specific Conditions on the Computational System for Human Language; 6. Illustrations; 7. On the history and development of Merge; 8. Prospects for the Future.

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Book Synopsis'Will do for grammar what Eats Shoots and Leaves did for punctuation' - The Times_______________________A runaway hit and Sunday Times bestseller in 2008, My Grammar and I has continued to grow in popularity, becoming the go-to guide for grammar.My Grammar and I offers amusing examples of awful grammar, while steering you in the direction of grammatical greatness. Taking you on a tour of the English language through the minefield of rules and conditions that can catch you out, from dangling modifiers to split infinitives, it highlights the common pitfalls that every English language user faces on a day to day basis.Refreshing everything you should have learnt at school and more, My Grammar and I is informative yet entertaining: a must-have reference guide for any English language enthusiast.Trade Reviewwill do for grammar what Eats Shoots and Leaves did for punctuation * The Times *Beautifully produced... a lot of fun * Tribune *If you belong to the generation who missed out on being taught grammar at school then out this book on top of your Christmas wish list. If you were taught, then put it on your wish list. Everyone should have this book, in fact... a great stocking filler for total grammar novices and experts alike * The Northern Echo *Sensible and concise... shows you how to make our wonderful, fluid language work for you rather than against you * The Good Book Guide *This book would be the perfect Christmas gift for anyone who is genuinely interested in why we write the way in which we do, or who likes doing what's right and proper * The Basingstoke Gazette *A useful book for anyone with an interest in the English language and an excellent stocking filler * The Wolverhampton Chronicle *A useable refresher... pedants will also find answers to those evergreen contentious teasers * The Bournemouth Daily Echo *It's a little gem that takes you on a tour of the English language * Knutsford Guardian *

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Book SynopsisSteven Pinker, the bestselling author of The Language Instinct, deploys his gift for explaining big ideas in The Sense of Style - an entertaining writing guide for the 21st centuryWhat is the secret of good prose? Does writing well even matter in an age of instant communication? Should we care? In this funny, thoughtful book about the modern art of writing, Steven Pinker shows us why we all need a sense of style.More than ever before, the currency of our social and cultural lives is the written word, from Twitter and texting to blogs, e-readers and old-fashioned books. But most style guides fail to prepare people for the challenges of writing in the 21st century, portraying it as a minefield of grievous errors rather than a form of pleasurable mastery. They fail to deal with an inescapable fact about language: it changes over time, adapted by millions of writers and speakers to their needs. Confusing changes in the world with moral decline, every generation believes the kids today are degrading society and taking language with it. A guide for the new millennium, writes Steven Pinker, has to be different.Drawing on the latest research in linguistics and cognitive science, Steven Pinker replaces the recycled dogma of previous style guides with reason and evidence. This thinking person''s guide to good writing shows why style still matters: in communicating effectively, in enhancing the spread of ideas, in earning a reader''s trust and, not least, in adding beauty to the world. Eye-opening, mind-expanding and cheerful, The Sense of Style shows that good style is part of what it means to be human.

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Book SynopsisHow does English work? What are the different elements? How do they all fit together?The fourth edition of this popular textbook takes the reader on a step-by-step journey through the various levels of language, covering all the linguistic frameworks in a single volume. Beginning with words as the building blocks of language, Ballard investigates their internal structure before moving on to larger and larger units, from phrases to sentences and beyond. The sound system of English is also explored in detail, from individual segments to connected speech. Lastly, some broader perspectives are offered, looking at regional, global and historical variation in English. Fully revised and refreshed, this edition includes an engaging new chapter exploring how the frameworks of the language have changed over time, from Old English to the present day, provides a selection of exercises at the end of every chapter allowing readers to consolidate and deTrade Review“This fourth edition retains the remarkably clear exposition and coverage of all the linguistic nuts and bolts a student needs to know. In addition, complementing the current chapter on present-day variation, there is a new extensive and richly illustrated chapter on the development of English. All this, coupled with new exercises and prompts to enhance the learning experience, cements Ballard’s book as the English language textbook of choice.” -- Jonathan Culpeper, University of Lancaster, UK.“Over the years, The Frameworks of English has developed into a veritable linguistic treasure trove. Kim Ballard strikes a nice balance between breadth of coverage and level of detail, making this book an essential tool for introductory courses.” -- Cristiano Broccias, University of Genoa, Italy.Table of ContentsPART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction PART II: LEXICAL FRAMEWORKS 2. Word Classes 3. Word Formation PART III: GRAMMATICAL FRAMEWORKS 4. Inflections 5. Phrases 6. Clauses 7. Sentences PART IV: DISCOURSE FRAMEWORKS 8. Beyond Sentences PART V: PHONOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS 9. Phonetics and Phonemes 10. Segmental Phonology 11. Suprasegmental Phonology PART VI: BROADER PERSPECTIVES 12. Variation in Present-day English 13. Historical English Phonetic and Other Symbols Glossary

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together 12 previously unpublished language profiles based on the original Language Assessment, Remediation and Screening Procedure (LARSP). The languages featured are: Bangla, Croatian, Colombian Spanish, Inuktitut, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Swahili, Tamil and Turkish. Some of these languages are included as they are likely to be encountered as home languages of clients by speech-language therapists and pathologists working in the UK, the US, Australia and elsewhere. Others are included because they are languages found where speech-language pathology services are provided, but where no grammatical profile already exists. The collection will be an invaluable resource book for speech-language pathologists who wish to analyse and assess the grammatical abilities of their clients who speak one of these languages. This new collection complements previous books in this series on the same theme and together they cover 34 languages of the world.Trade ReviewLARSP is the gift that keeps on giving for those who want to perform linguistically informed language assessments. The third installment is a welcome addition to the already existing LARSP versions, covering languages from Russian to Swahili with a truly global reach, representing different continents, and including mother tongues from different linguistic branches. * Ferenc Bunta, The University of Houston, USA *This unique book forms a significant contribution to the literature and will be appreciated by a wide readership. It is a valuable resource to clinicians, researchers and students in the field of language development and disorders. It covers various languages and children with diverse linguistic profiles. The book provides much-needed information for clinical assessment and diagnosis. * Sari Kunnari, University of Oulu, Finland *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Martin J. Ball, Paul Fletcher and David Crystal Chapter 1. Ingeborg Sophie Ribu, Hanne Gram Simonsen, Morten Aase Løver, Bror-Magnus Sviland Strand and Kristian Emil Kristoffersen: N-LARSP: A Developmental Language Profile for Norwegian Chapter 2. N. Gabriela Moffatt and Nicole Müller: Developing a Linguistic Profile for Russian Chapter 3. Svetlana Kapalková and Daniela Slančová: Language Assessment, Remediation, and Screening Procedure for Slovak-speaking Children Chapter 4. Vesna Mildner, Vesna Stojanovik and Diana Tomić: Croatian LARSP Chapter 5. Darija Skubic, Ana Praprotnik, Tamara Sevšek and Martina Ozbič, with Jerneja Novšak Brce and Damjana Kogovšek: Slovenian LARSP Chapter 6. Ana Castro, Carolina Marques and Catarina Dôro: LARSP-PE: A Developmental Language Profile for European Portuguese-speaking children Chapter 7. Maryluz Camargo-Mendoza, Ana Isabel Codesido-García and Elena Garayzábal- Heinze: CS-LARSP: Colombian Spanish Morphosyntactic Development Profile Chapter 8. Asifa Sultana, Stephanie Stokes, Thomas Klee & Paul Fletcher: Towards a Micro-profile of Bangla Verb Inflection Chapter 9. Özlem Cangökçe Yaşar and Seyhun Topbaş: Adapting LARSP to Turkish: TR-LARSP Part II Chapter 10. R. Lalitha Raja: T-LARSP: A Grammatical Profile for Tamil Chapter 11. Kamil Ud Deen: The Assessment of the Acquisition of Swahili: Towards the S-LARSP Chapter 12. Shanley E. M. Allen, Catherine B. Dench and Kerry Isakson: InuLARSP: An Adaptation of the Language Assessment, Remediation, and Screening Procedure for Inuktitut

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Book Synopsis''Wonderful. You finish the book more alive than ever to the enduring mystery and miracle of that thing that makes us most human'' STEPHEN FRY''Most popular books on language dumb down; Shariatmadari''s smartens things up, and is all the more entertaining for it'' THE SUNDAY TIMES, a Book of the Year''A meaty, rewarding and necessary read'' GUARDIAN''Fascinating and thought-provoking . . . crammed with weird and wonderful facts . . . for anyone who delights in linguistics it''s a richly rewarding read'' MAIL ON SUNDAY - A word''s origin doesn''t tell you what it means today- There are languages that change when your mother-in-law is present- The language you speak could make you more prone to accidents- There''s a special part of the brain that produces swear wordsTaking us on a mind-boggling journey through the science of language, linguist David Shariatmadari uncoverTrade ReviewWonderful. David Shariatmadari wears his deep learning with such an admirable and alluring lightness of touch. He brilliantly swats away the pesky 'language guardian' flies, whose misbegotten pedantries and ignorant persnicketiness are the real threats to living language. You finish the book more alive than ever to the enduring mystery and miracle of that thing that makes us most human, the gift of language that was bestowed upon us so astonishingly recently in evolutionary time and that has made us everything that we are . . . for good or ill -- STEPHEN FRYDavid Shariatmadari translates the often arcane theories of linguistics into a sequence of accessible ideas and theories, making us look afresh at the language we speak and how it structures our intimacies, our thoughts, and our identities. Wry and immensely intelligent, this learned book awakens us to complexities of communication that we too readily ignore, and it does so with both deep scholarship and a light touch -- ANDREW SOLOMONCompletely fascinating and eye-opening. David Shariatmadari is warm, wise and wonderfully steeped in his subject - the perfect guide to the brilliantly strange world of language -- MARINA HYDEA skilful summation of the latest research on how languages emerge, change, convey meaning and influence how we think . . . a meaty, rewarding and necessary read * GUARDIAN *This lucid examination of linguistics entertains as much as it informs . . . above all, this is a generous and enthralling study of the basis of how we communicate -- Alexander Larman * OBSERVER *Fascinating and thought-provoking . . . crammed with weird and wonderful facts. Don't Believe a Word is a serious piece of research, cogently and carefully presented . . . for anyone who delights in linguistics it's a richly rewarding read * MAIL ON SUNDAY *Most popular books on language dumb down; Shariatmadari's smartens things up, and is all the more entertaining for it * THE SUNDAY TIMES, Books of the Year *An illuminating and thought-provoking journey through language -- DEAN BURNETTCome for the myth-busting, stay for the lighthearted introduction to linguistics. David Shariatmadari ably demonstrates that there are plenty of fascinating things to learn about language without indulging in sensationalist headlines. Recommended for both language fans and anyone who enjoys learning about the hidden patterns in everyday life -- GRETCHEN MCCULLOCH, author of BECAUSE INTERNET

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Book Synopsis'Any bibliophile will find many enjoyable nuggets in this compendium of book chat' Stephen Poole, Guardian 'An engaging little eye-opener about the publishing business, full of tasty nuggets about books, writers and their editors' Sunday Times 'Enjoyable ... engaging ... insightful' Independent Once upon a time, a writer had an idea. They wrote it down. But what happened next? Join Rebecca Lee, professional text-improver, as she embarks on a fascinating journey to find out how words get from an author's brain to finished, printed books. She'll reveal the dark arts of ghostwriters, explore the secret world of literary agents and uncover the hidden beauty of typesetting. Along the way, her quest will be punctuated by a litany of little-known (but often controversial) considerations that make a big impact: ellipses, indexes, hyphens, esoteric points of grammar and juicy post-publication corrections. After all, the best stories happen when it all goes wrong. From foot-and-note disease to the town of Index, Missouri - turn the page to discover how books get made and words get good.* * Or, at least, betterTrade ReviewA fascinating and funny look at what really goes into the making of a book * Sunday Times *A masterpiece * Daily Mail *Inject this straight into my veins! -- Lucy ManganEngaging, informative, and fascinating! -- David Bellos, author * Is That a Fish in Your Ear? *Beautifully written, unbelievably well informed and utterly fascinating - I adored it. -- Shaun Bythell, author * The Diary of a Bookseller *Chock-full of the kind of anecdotes that are catnip for booklovers * Financial Times *A revelatory account of how books get made, and a delightful hymn to human collaboration. No really: you'll be entertained on every page! -- Rebecca Gowers, author of 'Horrible Words: A Guide to the Misuse of English'Bibliophiles will really enjoy this ... Rebecca Lee takes you on a journey - a book's journey - and there's never a dull moment. She moves skilfully back and forth between fascinating book-making history to delightful modern-day anecdotes from both her own experience and other experts in the book-publishing profession. -- Hana Videen, author of 'The Wordhord: Daily Life in Old English'A bibliophile's paradise, a trove of inside stories and fascinating facts. The journey made by words, from the mind of an author to the printed page, is surprisingly complex and often hilarious, and Rebecca Lee is the perfect guide. -- Henry Eliot, author of The Penguin Classics BookEverything you could want to know, and a whole lot more you didn't even know you wanted, about the history and process of writing. Fascinating stories, secrets and nuggets of advice from inside the belly of the publishing beast. You'll finish this book wanting to get started on your own, and knowing exactly how to go about it. -- Edward Brooke-Hitching, author * The Madman's Library *A book full of good words about how words get good. Drawing on wide reading and long experience, Rebecca Lee shines a light on the talented people who work behind the scenes to bring the best possible version of a book to its readers. Revealing, readable and fun. -- Tom Mole, author * The Secret Lives of Books *Any bibliophile will find many enjoyable nuggets in this compendium of book chat -- Stephen Poole * Guardian *An engaging little eye-opener about the publishing business, full of tasty nuggets about books, writers and their editors * Sunday Times *Many enjoyable digressions ... An engaging guide to the behind-the-scenes work involved in getting a book published ... Insightful * Independent *From ghost writers to grammar, from translation to typesetting, she proves a lively and engaging guide to the long process of making a book, tracing its history from the ancient world to the modern day. ... A funny and illuminating peek into publishing below stairs. * Mail on Sunday *Excellent and much-needed ..... I am not sure I have ever read anything as good on the process of getting a book into print. ... A straightforward masterpiece. * Daily Mail *A very amiable, freely digressive omniumgatherum of book-related bits and pieces ... Interesting and unexpected -- Sam Leith * Times Literary Supplement *Cheerful, clearheaded * Buzz magazine *

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Book SynopsisGrammar in Use is the world's best-selling grammar series for learners of English.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“One noticeable quality that sets the work apart from other textbooks is its implicit tracing of the evolution of generative theory.” - LINGUIST List 33.1498Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments xiii Part 1 Preliminaries 1 1 Generative Grammar 3 0. Preliminaries 3 1. Syntax as Science – the Scientific Method 4 2. Syntax as a Cognitive Science 12 3. Models of Syntax 13 4. Competence vs. Performance 13 5. A Clarification on the Word “Language” 15 6. Where Do the Rules Come From? 16 7. Choosing among Theories about Syntax 25 8. The Scientific Method and the Structure of this Textbook 25 9. Conclusion 26 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 27 General Problem Sets 29 Challenge Problem Sets 35 2 Parts of Speech 43 0. Words and Why They Matter to Syntax 43 1. Determining Part of Speech 44 2. The Major Parts of Speech: N, V, Adj, and Adv 47 3. Open vs. Closed; Lexical vs. Functional 50 4. Subcategories and Features 52 5. Conclusion 58 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 58 General Problem Sets 59 Challenge Problem Sets 63 3 Constituency, Trees, and Rules 67 0. Introduction 67 1. Rules and Trees 70 2. How to Draw a Tree 84 3. Modification and Ambiguity 90 4. Constituency Tests 91 5. Constituency in Other Languages 93 6. Conclusion 98 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 98 General Problem Sets 99 Challenge Problem Sets 107 4 Structural Relations 113 0. Introduction 113 1. The Parts of a Tree 114 2. Dominance 116 3. Precedence 119 4. C-command 122 5. Grammatical Relations 126 6. Conclusions 129 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 129 General Problem Sets 131 Challenge Problem Sets 138 5 Binding Theory 141 0. Introduction 141 1. The Notions Coindex and Antecedent 143 2. Binding 144 3. Locality Conditions on the Binding of Anaphors 146 4. The Distribution of Pronouns 148 5. The Distribution of R-expressions 148 6. Why Does Binding Theory Matter to Syntacticians 149 6. Conclusion 151 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 151 General Problem Sets 152 Challenge Problem Sets 154 Part 2 The Base 159 6 X-bar Theory 161 0. Introduction 161 1. Bar-level Projections 163 2. Generalizing the Rules: The X-bar Schema 168 3. Complements, Adjuncts, and Specifiers 170 4. Some Definitional Housekeeping 179 5. Parameters of Word Order 180 6. Drawing Trees in X-bar Notation 182 7. Conclusion 199 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 200 General Problem Sets 201 Challenge Problem Sets 209 7 Extending X-bar Theory to Functional Categories 213 0. Introduction 213 1. Determiner Phrases (DPs) 214 2. A Descriptive Tangent into Clause Types 217 3. Complementizer Phrases (CPs) 221 4. Tense, Perfect, Progressive and Voice Phrases 223 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 234 General Problem Sets 236 Challenge Problem Sets 238 8 Constraining X-bar: Theta Theory 243 0. Introduction 243 1. Some Basic Terminology 244 2. Thematic Relations and Theta Roles 245 3. The Lexicon 250 4. Expletives and the Extended Projection Principle 252 5. Conclusion 253 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 254 General Problem Sets 255 Challenge Problem Sets 259 9 Theta Grids and Functional Categories 265 0. Introduction 265 1. Complementizers 266 2. Determiners 269 3. Using Theta Grids for English Auxiliaries 273 4. Main verbs vs. Auxiliaries 284 5. Conclusion 287 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 287 General Problem Sets 288 Challenge Problem Sets 292 Part 3 Movement 295 10 Head-to-Head Movement 297 0. Introduction 297 1. Verb Movement (V → T) 300 2. T Movement (T → C) 314 3. Do-support 317 Appendix: Determining if a Language has V → T Movement 318 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 318 General Problem Sets 319 Challenge Problem Sets 324 11 DP Movement 331 0. Introduction 331 1. A Puzzle for the Theory of Theta Roles 332 2. Passives 337 3. Case 341 4. Raising: Reprise 345 5. Passives: Reprise 347 6. Inherently Passive Verbs: Unaccusatives 348 7. DP Movement in SVO vs. VSO Languages 351 8. Conclusion 353 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 353 General Problem Sets 354 Challenge Problem Sets 360 12 Wh-movement and Locality Constraints 365 0. Introduction 365 1. Movement in Wh-questions 366 2. Relative Clauses 375 3. Islands 379 4. The Minimal Link Condition 382 5. Echo Questions (Wh-in-situ) in English 386 6. Conclusion 387 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 388 General Problem Sets 389 Challenge Problem Sets 392 13 A Unified Theory of Movement 395 0. Introduction 395 1. Move 397 2. Explaining Cross-linguistic Differences 400 3. Scope, Covert Movement, and the MLC 404 4. Conclusion 406 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 407 General Problem Sets 407 Challenge Problem Sets 408 Part 4 Advanced Topics 411 14 Ditransitives 413 0. Introduction 413 1. The Problem of Ditransitive Verbs 414 2. The Active Voice Head 415 3. Object Shift 417 4. Ditransitives: Reprise 422 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 426 General Problem Sets 426 Challenge Problem Sets 428 15 Raising, Control, and Empty Categories 429 0. Introduction 429 1. Raising vs. Control 430 2. Two Kinds of Raising, Two Kinds of Control 438 3. Control Theory 443 4. Another Kind of Null Subject: “Little” pro 446 5. Conclusion 447 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 447 General Problem Sets 448 Challenge Problem Sets 450 16 Ellipsis 453 0. Ellipsis 453 1. LF-copying or PF-deletion 455 2. Antecedent-Contained Deletion and Pseudogapping 461 3. Conclusion 464 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 464 General Problem Sets 466 Challenge Problem Sets 468 17 Advanced Topics in Binding Theory 471 0. Introduction 471 1. Levels of Representation 472 2. The Definition of Binding Domain 473 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 479 General Problem Sets 479 Challenge Problem Sets 481 18 Polysynthesis, Incorporation, and Non-configurationality 483 0. Introduction 483 1. Polysynthesis 484 2. Incorporation 486 3. Scrambling and Non-configurationality 487 4. Conclusion 495 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 495 General Problem Sets 496 Challenge Problem Sets 497 19 Merge 499 0. Introduction 499 1. External Merge 500 2. Internal Merge 505 3. Conclusion 506 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 507 General Problem Sets 507 Challenge Problem Sets 508 Conclusions and Directions for Further Study 509 References 511 Index 521

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Book SynopsisPeter Collins is a retired Professor of Linguistics from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. He has published more than a hundred academic books, articles and book chapters. His research interests include English grammar, World Englishes (particularly Australian English), and corpus linguistics.Carmella Hollo is a retired Lecturer in Linguistics from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. Her teaching has concentrated in the areas of English grammar, introduction to linguistics courses and historical linguistics.Table of ContentsPART A Grammatical Description 1. Introduction 2. A Preliminary Overview 3. Nouns and Noun Phrases 4. Verbs and Verb Phrases 5. Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions and Associated Phrases 6. Clause Structure and Clause Type 7. Subordination and Coordination 8. Subordination and Coordination PART B Looking at Language in Context 9. From Separate Sentences to Connected Text 10. Text and Context 11. Text Analysis – Putting It All Together.

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Book SynopsisThe world's greatest authority on language explains the secrets and subtleties of the grammar of English. David Crystal explores its history and varieties, explains its rules and irregularities and shows how to navigate its snares and pitfalls. He gives practical guidance on how grammar is used in different ways for different purposes and in different social settings. In a series of revealing illustrations he also considers what learned and prominent people have said about English grammar over the centuries. Like its three companion volumes Making Sense will appeal to everyone interested in the English language and how to use it.Trade ReviewRefreshing and briskly written ... Crystal shows that grammar is not nearly as tedious as it can seem. * Sunday Times *Previous praise for David Crystal: 'Crystal's book is full of distractions and delights. * Daily Express *If the history of language is a sort of labyrinth, David Crystal is an excellent guide * The Age, Australia *Delicious revelations ... Crystal does an excellent job, not just of tracing the etymology of a word, but of relating it to social history, painting a picture of our times through words * Independent on Sunday *

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisFor anyone who wants to become a more effective writer, a more perceptive reader, and a more precise thinker, an understanding of English sentence structure is indispensable. This book shows you how to begin. Using clear and engaging examples from English, it introduces the basic concepts of syntactic structure to readers with no background in linguistics. Starting with simple, familiar phrases, and progressing to more complex sentences, it builds on what we already intuitively know, to provide a step-by-step account of why we understand these examples as we do. It then shows how that understanding can be applied to writing, helping us to avoid some of the common hallmarks of ''bad writing'', such as ambiguity, redundancy, and vagueness. A unique and valuable resource, this book will enrich your understanding of English in ways that will make you a more effective user of the language. Publisher''s note: The e-book edition of this title, like the print editions, contains color. For thosTrade Review'Deeply informed and engagingly presented, these compelling adventures succeed admirably in achieving the author's intention to reveal 'something of the hidden depth and abstract nature of our knowledge of the language we speak' and to show how 'endlessly fascinating' language is – its structure and how we can use it effectively.' Noam Chomsky, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of Arizona'Professor Freidin's book takes the reader on a delightful journey through the intricacies and idiosyncracies of English syntax, while at the same time providing a lucid, non-technical and painless introduction to current syntactic theory. The book should go a long way towards bridging the gap between linguistic theory and the study of English, greatly enriching both areas of study.' Ian Roberts, University of Cambridge'Overall, the book is inspiring for readers with or without linguistic knowledge. For readers without a linguistic background, the book approaches good/bad writing with concrete and detailed syntactic analysis using tree diagrams and color-coded text, which visually helps the readers realize and comprehend the vertical way of decomposing a sentence. For readers with some linguistic background …' Difei Zhang, Linguist List'A marvelous book that should become a classic of the linguistic literature for beginners, but also for those who enjoy discovering new, original and stimulating perspectives on things they believe they know or think they understand. The adventure starts with considerations about familiar and deceptively simple English phrases, such as coordination structures, and progresses to more complex syntactic areas, like questions and ellipsis. When discussing linguistic phenomena, the author is cautious to start from what we intuitively know, developing an extremely careful analysis that explains why the phrases and sentences analyzed are understood as they are. This book is unique in that it helps the reader to get familiar with the subtleties of English syntax and to acquire a basic knowledge of linguistic theory and, at the same time, is intensely pleasurable. I cannot imagine anyone not thinking after reading it, 'I want to be a syntactician' or 'I should have been a syntactician'.' Alain Rouveret, Emeritus Professor of Linguistics, Paris-Diderot University'This is a great book. Very clear, very well argued. … for writers in training, it would be extremely valuable. I could easily see this becoming required reading in writing classes at the undergraduate level.' Michael D. Lemonick, Freelance science journalist and Lecturer, Princeton UniversityTable of Contents1. One fish two fish: an adventure in ambiguity; 2. Exceptional students and teachers; 3. Introduction to language and linguistics; 4. A review of a book by two philosophers; 5. Bob is certain to succeed; 6. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of good fortune must be in want of a wife; 7. Does every politician who cheats instinctively lie?; 8. Inferior defenses could then, as now, be tackled, as Vernon did at Porto Bello, Exmouth at Algiers, and Seymour at Alexandria; Concluding comment.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThis succinct and authoritative volume is the perfect guide to the many grammatical laws and idiosyncrasies that govern the English Language. Larry Trask writes with remarkable clarity, communicating complex abstract ideas with enviable ease. By focusing only on what is relevant, current and genuinely helpful, THE PENGUIN DICTIONARY OF GRAMMAR is essential reading for linguists, English Language students, and indeed anyone who writes in English. The Society of Freelance Edtitors and Proofreaders recommended his PUNCTUATION book as ''excellent''.

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Book SynopsisAn introduction to the study of syntax that also introduces students to the principles of scientific theorizing.This introductory text takes a novel approach to the study of syntax. Grammar as Science offers an introduction to syntax as an exercise in scientific theory construction. Syntax provides an excellent instrument for introducing students from a wide variety of backgrounds to the principles of scientific theorizing and scientific thought; it engages general intellectual themes present in all scientific theorizing as well as those arising specifically within the modern cognitive sciences. The book is intended for students majoring in linguistics as well as non-linguistics majors who are taking the course to fulfill undergraduate requirements. Grammar as Science covers such core topics in syntax as phrase structure, constituency, the lexicon, inaudible elements, movement rules, and transformational constraints, while emphasizing scientific reasoning skills

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Book SynopsisThis new and fully revised edition of the A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar serves as a user-friendly and up-to-date source of information on the morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics of Biblical Hebrew verbs, nouns and other word classes (prepositions, conjunctions, adverbs, modal words, negatives, focus particles, discourse markers, interrogatives and interjections). It also contains one of the most elaborate treatments of Biblical Hebrew word order yet published in a grammar. Compiled by authors with extensive experience in the teaching of Hebrew, the text is rendered both easily accessible and a fascinating examination of the language, building upon the initial publication by incorporating up-to-date developments in the study of the Hebrew Bible. This grammar will be of service both to students who have completed an introductory or intermediate course in Biblical Hebrew, and also to more advanced scholars seeking to take advantage of traditional and recent descTrade Review‘A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar deserves praise for integrating traditional knowledge of Biblical Hebrew with recent thinking in general linguistics. This second and entirely revised edition will continue to serve all those who wish to base biblical exegesis on a sound analysis of the source language.' * JAN JOOSTEN, Regius Professor of Hebrew, Oxford University, United Kingdom *‘This is now the best reference grammar of Biblical Hebrew bar none! The authors have produced and utilised the latest linguistic research to improve every area (phonology, morphology, syntax, macrosyntax) and to expand the grammar so that questions can be answered now that were never answered previously. I endorse this work enthusiastically.’ * PETER J. GENTRY, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, USA *‘The thoroughly-revised second edition of A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar is without doubt the new gold standard for students and scholars of Biblical Hebrew. Its clear format, accessible prose and comprehensive coverage belie a great deal of linguistic sophistication, though the authors wear their scholarship lightly. They successfully draw from the diversity of contemporary approaches to the study of language – functionalist, formalist, cognitive, typological – yet keep the phenomena of the language itself “front and centre”, making this grammar user-friendly without any loss of complexity.’ * MATTHEW ANSTEY, Charles Sturt University School of Theology, Australia *Christo van der Merwe and Jacobus Naudé's new edition of A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar is fully conversant in contemporary linguistics and grounded in the authors’ deep, intricate knowledge of the language data. Their work needs to be on the digital shelf of anyone studying the Hebrew Bible or biblical languages. This is arguably the most important grammar of Hebrew to be published in several decades. * Michael Aubrey, Linguist, Editor of Koine-Greek.com *Table of ContentsForeword Abbreviations Chapter 1 – Introduction Chapter 2 – The Hebrew Alphabet and Masoretic Signs Chapter 3 – Word, Clause and Text in Biblical Hebrew: A Survey Chapter 4 – The Verb Chapter 5 – The Noun Chapter 6 – The Other Word Classes Chapter 7 – Word Order Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisA thorough exposition of hierarchy and locality, covering all the main components of contemporary syntactic theory. Examples are chosen to be easily understood, end-of-chapter exercises embed and extend knowledge, and a full glossary provides clear definitions of all the key terms. An ideal resource for instructors and intermediate-level students.

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Book SynopsisItalian Words: A Practical Introduction to the Italian Lexical System offers a detailed description of the Italian lexicon, explaining the organization of Italian words in a system and the function of this system.What is a word and what is typical of Italian words? How are wordsâ meaning described and how are words assigned to objects? How are words (seen as lexical items) connected? How was the first dictionary of Italian created? What can we learn about the world and about the speaker through the words used? - The book provides answers to these, and other similar, questions.Key features: - words in a system: the book provides the readers with a theoretical framework integrated with practical strategies and exercises, effective to enhance readersâ vocabulary acquisition and to develop analytic skills and linguistic competence; - cross-linguistic comparisons: the book offers a broad perspective on language lexical system (in general) and highlights the specific features of t

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of Andrew Radford''s outstanding resource for students is a step-by-step, practical introduction to English syntax and syntactic principles, written by a globally-renowned expert in the field. Assuming little or no prior background in syntax, Radford outlines key concepts and how they can be used to describe various aspects of English sentence structure. Each chapter contains core modules focusing on a specific topic, a summary recapitulating the main points of the chapter, and a bibliographical section providing references to original source material. This edition has been extensively updated, with new analyses, exercise materials, references and a brand-new chapter on adjuncts. Students will benefit from the online workbook, which contains a vast amount of exercise material for each module, including self-study materials and a student answerbook for these. Teachers will value the extensive PowerPoints outlining module contents and the comprehensive teacher answerbookTable of Contents1. Grammar; 2. Heads, complements and specifiers; 3. Adjuncts; 4. Null constituents; 5. Head movement; 6. Phrasal movement.

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Book SynopsisJonathan Culpeper is Professor of English Language and Linguistics in the Department of Linguistics and English Language at Lancaster University, UK. Spanning pragmatics, stylistics and the history of English, his major publications include Early Modern English Dialogues: Spoken Interaction as Writing (2010, CUP; co-authored with Merja Kytö), Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence (2011, CUP), and most recently Pragmatics and the English Language (2014, Palgrave; with Michael Haugh). He is currently leading the AHRC-funded Encyclopaedia of Shakespeare's Language project, which will provide evidence-based and contextualised accounts of Shakespeare's language.Paul Kerswill is Professor of Sociolinguistics at the University of York. His research has focused on migration and dialect contact in both Norway and Britain, including Bergen and the New Town of Milton Keynes. He has worked on projects on the emergence of Multicultural London EnglisTrade ReviewThis is an unusually rich textbook that combines breadth of coverage with depth of analysis. It provides accessible yet rigorous introductions to all aspects of the English language and uncovers English in all its fascinating varieties. * Professor Andreas H. Jucker, University of Zurich, Switzerland *The second edition acquaints readers with insights from top experts and provides an up-to-date overview from several points of departure. Engagingly written, this will be a rewarding read for undergraduates and more advanced students and scholars alike. * Irma Taavitsainen, Professor Emeritus, University of Helsinki, Finland *This comprehensive, well-written and interesting book covers a range of important topics that are central to the study of the English language, including the structure and history of English, its use in speech and writing, and the role it plays in human interaction, teaching and learning. * Charles F. Meyer, University of Massachusetts, USA *Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION 1. Studying the English language ENGLISH: STRUCTURE 2. Phonetics 3. Phonology 4. Morphology: word structure 5. Grammar: words (and phrases) 6. Grammar: phrases (and clauses) 7. Grammar: clauses (and sentences) 8. Text linguistics 9. Semantics 10. Pragmatics ENGLISH: HISTORY 11. Standard English and standardization 12. Spelling 13. Phonological change 14. Lexical change 15. Semantic change 16. Grammatical change ENGLISH SPEECH: REGIONAL AND SOCIAL VARIATION 17. Regional variation in English accents and dialects 18. Language and social class 19. Language and ethnicity 20. Pidgins and creole Englishes 21. American English 22. World Englishes and English as a lingua franca 23. Language discourses: attitudes to diversity ENGLISH WRITING: STYLE, GENRE AND PRACTICE 24. Speech, writing and discourse type 25. Language in newspapers 26. Language in advertisements 27. Language in literature: stylistics 28. Literary practices 29. New technologies: literacies in cyberspace ENGLISH: COMMUNICATION AND INTERACTION 30. Structures of conversation 31. Language, reality and power 32. Politeness in interaction 33. Gender and language 34. Language and sexuality 35. Bad language 36. Language and politics 37. Business communication ENGLISH: LEARNING AND TEACHING 38. First language acquisition 39. Second language acquisition 40. Languages and literacies in education 41. TEFL, TESOL and linguistics ENGLISH INVESTIGATING 42. Methods for researching English 43. The corpus method and English CONCLUSION 44. The English language: reflections.

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Book SynopsisAn Introduction to English Grammar provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of English grammar. The first part of the book (The Grammar') provides a step-by-step introduction to the key topics in English grammar. The second part (The Applications') shows how a grasp of these topics can be helpful in resolving usage problems, in developing a clear writing style, and in mastering punctuation and spelling. A whole chapter, English in Use', is devoted to illustrating the grammatical features of a wide range of modern text types, including emails, Facebook pages, and tweets'. It also looks at the special grammatical features of English in everyday conversation. Each chapter is followed by two sets of exercises. The first set can be used in self-study or in the classroom. The second set deals with more advanced topics, and can be used for classroom discussion or essay writing. This fourth edition has been fully revised and updated and includes:Trade Review'This 4th edition of 'An Introduction to English Grammar', first published almost a quarter of a century ago, is testimony to the book’s enduring appeal. Gerald Nelson has managed to improve the attractiveness of this already successful textbook. Students will welcome the lucid and accessible style, the detailed demonstration of how the grammatical concepts presented are relevant to issues of usage and writing, the use of ‘real’ corpus-derived examples and extracts, and the up-to-date discussion of emails and tweets. Further user-friendly features include graded exercises, a comprehensive glossary and helpful suggestions for further reading.' Peter Craig Collins, University of New South Wales, AustraliaTable of Contents Preface to the Fourth Edition INTRODUCTION PART I: THE GRAMMAR Chapter 1: The Parts of a Simple Sentence Chapter 2: Word Classes Chapter 3: The Structures of Phrases Chapter 4: Sentences and Clauses PART II: THE APPLICATIONS Chapter 5: Usage Problems Chapter 6: Style Chapter 7: English in Use Chapter 8: Punctuation Chapter 9: Word formation and spelling Glossary Further Reading Index

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Book SynopsisDrawing on range of text genres including novels, poems, health forums, holiday guestbooks, prayers, political songs and news stories, each chapter uses cognitive linguistics to shed light on the meanings and meaning-making processes invoked when we encounter texts belonging to different literary and political genres.

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Book SynopsisGives student and instructors the comprehensive and accessible presentation of ancient Greek. This title features: readings based on actual texts and include unadapted passages from Xenophon, Lysias, Plato, Aristophanes, and Thucydides; composite list of verbs with principal parts, and an appendix of all paradigms; and, English-Greek glossaries.Trade Review"Introduction to Attic Greek is a superb description of Greek grammar." * Classical Journal *"A mine of information." * Classical Review *Table of ContentsPreface How To Use This Book Introduction. The Ancient Greek Language and Attic Greek Unit One. The Alphabet; Pronunciation Unit Two. Accentuation Unit Three. O-Declension Nouns; Prepositions I Unit Four. A-Declension Nouns I; The Article Unit Five. Present Active Indicative of O-Verbs Unit Six. A-Declension Nouns II; Prepositions II Unit Seven. Vowel-Declension Adjectives; Attribution and Predication Unit Eight. Second Person Imperative; Prepositions III; Relative Pronoun and Relative Clauses Unit Nine. Present Infinitive; Two-Ending Adjectives Unit Ten. Present of e? ?; Some Uses of the Genitive and Dative Unit Eleven. Present Middle/Passive Indicative Unit Twelve. Adverbs; Conjunctions; Pronoun ??t?s; Pronominal Article; Prepositions IV Unit Thirteen. Contract Verbs In -??; Demonstratives Unit Fourteen. Consonant-Declension Nouns I Unit Fifteen. Consonant-Declension Nouns II; Interrogative Pronoun Unit Sixteen. Imperfect Indicative Unit Seventeen. Indefinite ??s; Uses of the Accusative Unit Eighteen. Future Active and Middle Indicative Unit Nineteen. Aorist Active and Middle Indicative and Imperative Unit Twenty. Tense and Aspect; Indirect Discourse Unit Twenty-One. Consonant-Declension Nouns III; Personal Pronouns Unit Twenty-Two. Consonant-Declension Adjectives Unit Twenty-Three. Present System of ??-Verbs Unit Twenty-Four. Athematic Aorists Unit Twenty-Five. Adjectives With Variant Stems; Numerals; Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns; Result Constructions Unit Twenty-Six. Participles: Formation and Declension Unit Twenty-Seven. Uses of the Participle I Unit Twenty-Eight. Uses of the Participle II; ??da Unit Twenty-Nine. Aorist Passive and Future Passive Unit Thirty. Contract Verbs In -?? and -??; Further Uses of the Genitive and Dative Unit Thirty-One. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs Unit Thirty-Two. The Subjunctive Unit Thirty-Three. Formation of the Optative Unit Thirty-Four. Uses of the Optative; Indirect Discourse With ?t?; Indirect Questions and Indirect Interrogative Unit Thirty-Five. Conditional Constructions Unit Thirty-Six. Indicative With ??; Correlatives; More Particles Unit Thirty-Seven. Perfect System Active Unit Thirty-Eight. Perfect System Middle/Passive; A-Contract Nouns Unit Thirty-Nine. Third Person Imperatives; Object Clauses With Verbs of Effort; Athematic Perfects Unit Forty. O-Contract Nouns; Verbal Adjectives In -??s and -???s; Subordinate Clauses In Indirect Discourse; Meanings of Prepositional Prefixes Unit Forty-One. Temporal Clauses With ??s and the Like; ????; Attraction Unit Forty-Two. Contract Vowel-Declension Adjectives; Attic Declension; Assimilation of Mood Appendix A. Table of Contractions Appendix B. Principal Parts Appendix C. Paradigms Greek -- English Glossary English -- Greek Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisThe Language of Displayed Art, first published in 1994, is a seminal work in the field of Multimodality and one of the few to be entirely dedicated to the analysis and interpretation of works of art. This book explores the grammar of the visual arts of painting, sculpture and architecture, proposing that as viewers we simultaneously read three different kinds of meaning in them: what is represented (Representational meaning) how it engages us (Modal meaning) how it is composed (Compositional meaning). The second edition features: two new chapters; an extended discussion of Chapter 5 Why Semiotics; and an extended version of Chapter 7 with more illustrations of language forms, discourse norms and genres, as well as non-art visual modes. The book is now accompanied by a CD, created by the author and features a virtual gallery of twenty-eight additional paintings with questions to encourage analysis and interpretaTrade Review'Occasionally a book comes along which takes over your whole field of attention and resets the way you look at some aspect of experience. For me "The Language of Displayed Art" was one such book. It opened up the world of painting, architecture and sculpture, bringing out its dimensions and depth of meaning and adding significantly to my understanding- and therefore to my enjoyment- of familiar and not so familiar works of art.' M.A.K. Halliday, Emeritus Professor of Linguistics, University of Sydney, Australia 'My favourite bedtime reading beautifully restored and given a new lease of life... this new colour edition with supporting CD-ROM has at last given this timeless masterpiece of art criticism the limelight it has long deserved. A cultural treasure trove for new acquaintances, for old fans the return of a sorely-missed truly multimodal companion.' Anthony Baldry, University of Messina, Italy Table of Contents1. Semiotics At Work 2. Bodily Perceptions: A Semiotics of Sculpture 3. A Semiotics of Architecture 4. Semiotics Across the Arts

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Book SynopsisWhat exactly are words? Are they the things that get listed in dictionaries, or are they the basic units of sentence structure? Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy explores the implications of these different approaches to words in English.

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Book SynopsisBuild your mastery of French grammar with the most focused review and practice workbook for beginning to intermediate learnersânow with audio support from the McGraw Hill Language Lab app!Understanding the rules of grammar is the first step in learning a language, but gaining true mastery requires reinforcing your knowledge with extensive practice. In French Grammar Drills youâll get all the practice you need to build confidence in your French language skills.Each chapter in French Grammar Drills starts with a review of the concepts at hand, with helpful examples and an extensive progression of rigorous drill exercises. The book includes a final review section, with an additional 60 quizzes available in the McGraw Hill Language Lab app. The on-the-go study aid is newly enhanced in this edition with audio recordings of the answers, helping you improve your skills in both listening and speaking the French language.Features:NEW: Aud

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Book SynopsisFirst published in 1975, After Babel constituted the first systematic investigation of the theory and processes of translation since the eighteenth century. Both controversial and seminal, it has given rise to a considerable body of secondary literature. For the second edition, George Steiner entirely revised the text, added new and expanded notes, provided a substantially updated bibliography , and wrote a new preface setting the book in the present context of hermeneutics, poetics, and translation studies.Trade ReviewTranslation ... has long needed a champion, and at last in George Steiner it has found a scholar who is a match for the task. * Maurice Cranston, Sunday Times *A masterly and impressive work * Jan Marsh, Daily Telegraph *

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Book SynopsisThis book shows that given the new findings of cognitive linguistics, it is possible to offer a unified account of not only linguistic meaning but also that of meaning in a wide variety of social and cultural phenomena. It is suggested that cognitive linguistics is a much more comprehensive enterprise than is commonly accepted--both inside and outside the field. The book presents a comprehensive account of meaning in many linguistic and cultural phenomena that is crucially based and dependent on cognitive capacities that human understanders and producers of language possess independently of their ability to use language.Trade ReviewThis newest addition to the Kövecses canon will stand as one of his most engaging and conclusive works. Thus, it is highly recommended for all metaphor researchers and scholars. For a broader readership, the book is engaging as well as pedagogical. Thus, it is highly recommended as a fine overall introduction to the cognitive linguistics of metaphor and as an exceptional overview of the important roles of culture, history, and of course, context in figurative communication.

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Book SynopsisThis accessible and unique approach to grammar comes in two parts: the first section consists of a practical guide on how to understand and use grammar successfully, and the second is an extensive A-Z glossary of grammatical terms. It is ideal for both language students and anyone wanting to improve their written and spoken English.Table of ContentsACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; CONTENTS; SECTION A; SECTION B

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Book SynopsisThe Teacher's Guide to Grammar is unique in focusing directly on the aspects of grammar that teachers need to know and relating them to today's educational priorities. This concise and accessible book provides all the necessary technical knowledge required for confidence in the classroom.Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. Grammar ; 2. Words ; 3. Morphology ; 4. Sentences ; 5. Phrases ; 6. Verbs ; 7. Clauses ; 8. Dialects ; 9. Registers ; 10. Languages ; Notes ; Further Reading ; Glossary ; Index

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the first full-scale work of its kind in English, Harm Pinkster applies contemporary linguistic theories and the findings of traditional grammar to the study of Latin syntax. He takes a non-technical and principally descriptive approach, based on literary and non-literary texts dating from c.250 BC to c.450 AD. The book contains a wealth of examples to illustrate the grammatical phenomena under discussion, many of them from the works of Plautus and Cicero, alongside extensive references to other sources of examples such as the Oxford Latin Dictionary and the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. This first volume focuses on the simple clause. It begins with an introduction to the sources used and to the approaches and conventions adopted, followed by a description of the basic grammatical concepts. Further chapters offer a thorough account of the features of the Latin simple clause, including verb frames, active vs passive mood, sentence type, negation, and the noun phrase, among maTrade ReviewThis book will become the point of reference for the next century of Latin scholarship For those who think that we already knew enough about Latin grammar, think again. This work is the culmination of decades of research on Latin, enriched by the discovery and publication of new texts and a centurys advances in linguistics. * James Clackson, Bryn Mawr Classical Review *P.'s new syntax is detailed, informative and accessible ... P.'s book is an invaluable tool for anyone interested in Latin linguistics. * Wolfgang de Melo, Journal of Roman Studies *Any serious student of Latin will want to become acquainted with this book. One looks forward to the second volume. * Andrew R. Dyck, Classical World *The Oxford Latin Syntax is an essential new reference for researchers in Latin linguistics, classicists, and university students. Non-specialists are introduced to ideas in theoretical linguistics and to the relevant terminology [and] technical concepts such as autocausative, counterfactual, and negator climbing can be easily understood by those outside the field thanks to the numerous examples with translations and notes. * Chiara Fedriani, Incontri Linguistici *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Basic grammatical concepts ; 3. Latin word classes and inflectional categories ; 4. Verb frames ; 5. Active/passive, reflexivity, and intransitivization ; 6. Sentence type and illocutionary force ; 7. The semantic values of the Latin tenses and moods ; 8. Negation ; 9. Syntactic functions of arguments and the categories of constituents that may fulfil them ; 10. Satellites ; 11. The noun phrase ; 12. Cases and prepositions ; 13. Agreement ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisThis innovative grammar text is an ideal resource for writers, language students, and classroom teachers who need an accessible refresher in a step-by-step guide to essential grammar. Rather than becoming mired in overly detailed linguistic definitions, Nancy Sullivan helps writers and students understand and apply grammatical concepts and develop the skills they need to enhance their writing. Along with engaging discussions of both contemporary and traditional terminology, Sullivan''s text provides clear explanations of the basics of English grammar and a practical, hands-on approach to mastering the use of language. Complementing the focus on constructing excellent sentences, every example and exercise set is contextually grounded in language themes. This updated edition includes new sections in each chapter on Writing Matters (addressing key tools and concerns for writers) and Language Matters (addressing issues of social and regional dialect variation).This isTrade Review"Having used Essential Grammar for five semesters and with roughly 350 students—mostly pre-service educators, I value the clear presentation of a functional approach to grammar. Over the course of the semester, as students apply the 'tests' that Sullivan includes for analysis, their understanding of the relationship between form and function develops considerably." --Dr. Shannon Fitzsimmons-Doolan, Texas A&M University-Corpus ChristiPraise for the previous edition: "Nancy Sullivan's Essential Grammar for Today's Writers, Students, and Teachers provides a fresh, clear approach to grammar for students in all disciplines, but particularly for future language arts teachers. Beginning with and building on the basics and working through verbal phrases and dependent clauses, Sullivan methodically explores the way English works. This reasonably-priced book includes virtually all the concepts needed for teaching English. Teachers will appreciate its streamlined approach: less reading and more doing is always good in a grammar class." -- Elizabeth Ruleman, Tennessee Wesleyan College"Nancy Sullivan's Essential Grammar for Today's Writers, Students, and Teachers achieves what few grammar texts accomplish: it presents its subject in a thorough, yet accessible style and format to vanquish the common fears both students and teachers have about learning and teaching this timeless topic. Equally important, the text is grounded in contemporary contexts across cultures, genres, and media, with examples that appeal to a range of audiences and alleviate the traditional assumption that the parts of speech and the way we use them to make meaning are a mystery to be mastered only by experts. In this way, Essential Grammar for Today's Writers, Students, and Teachers will remain a valuable reference for its readers long after a course has ended; in other words, the book is indeed essential." -- Kristine L. Blair, Duquesne University"This textbook positions itself perfectly for pre-service teachers who may not have a strong background in grammar yet need to know these critical concepts in order to pass the certification exams. For that niche market, this book is more than adequate. The text is written to a general audience, however, so its usage is in no way confined to pre-service teachers and would be appropriate for anyone wanting to enhance their understanding of the basic structure of English." --Catharine M. Welch, University of Texas at Dallas"Having used Essential Grammar for five semesters and with roughly 350 students—mostly pre-service educators, I value the clear presentation of a functional approach to grammar. Over the course of the semester, as students apply the 'tests' that Sullivan includes for analysis, their understanding of the relationship between form and function develops considerably." --Dr. Shannon Fitzsimmons-Doolan, Texas A&M University-Corpus ChristiPraise for the previous edition: "Nancy Sullivan's Essential Grammar for Today's Writers, Students, and Teachers provides a fresh, clear approach to grammar for students in all disciplines, but particularly for future language arts teachers. Beginning with and building on the basics and working through verbal phrases and dependent clauses, Sullivan methodically explores the way English works. This reasonably-priced book includes virtually all the concepts needed for teaching English. Teachers will appreciate its streamlined approach: less reading and more doing is always good in a grammar class." -- Elizabeth Ruleman, Tennessee Wesleyan College"Nancy Sullivan's Essential Grammar for Today's Writers, Students, and Teachers achieves what few grammar texts accomplish: it presents its subject in a thorough, yet accessible style and format to vanquish the common fears both students and teachers have about learning and teaching this timeless topic. Equally important, the text is grounded in contemporary contexts across cultures, genres, and media, with examples that appeal to a range of audiences and alleviate the traditional assumption that the parts of speech and the way we use them to make meaning are a mystery to be mastered only by experts. In this way, Essential Grammar for Today's Writers, Students, and Teachers will remain a valuable reference for its readers long after a course has ended; in other words, the book is indeed essential." -- Kristine L. Blair, Duquesne University"This textbook positions itself perfectly for pre-service teachers who may not have a strong background in grammar yet need to know these critical concepts in order to pass the certification exams. For that niche market, this book is more than adequate. The text is written to a general audience, however, so its usage is in no way confined to pre-service teachers and would be appropriate for anyone wanting to enhance their understanding of the basic structure of English." --Catharine M. Welch, University of Texas at DallasTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Word Classes; 2. Extending The Basics; 3. Sentence Patterns; 4. Verbals: Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives; 5. Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses; Glossary

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Book SynopsisEmirati Arabic: A Comprehensive Grammar offers readers a reference tool for discovering and studying in detail the specific dialect of Arabic spoken in the United Arab Emirates. It covers all major areas of Emirati Arabic grammar, describing in detail its phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic systems. Each grammatical point is illustrated with numerous examples drawn from native Emirati Arabic speakers and is thoroughly discussed providing both accessible and linguistically informed grammatical description.This book is a useful reference for students of Gulf Arabic and/or Modern Standard Arabic or other Arabic dialects with an interest in the dialect spoken in the UAE, researchers interested in Arabic language and linguistics as well as graduate students and scholars interested in Arabic studies.Table of ContentsTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsList of TablesList of FiguresList of Abbreviations1 Introduction1.1 Emirati Arabic1.2 Triglossia in the UAE1.3. The Descriptive Approach to Emirati Arabic1.4 Transcription1.5. Glossing1.6. AbbreviationsFurther Reading2 Sounds of Emirati Arabic2.1 Consonants2.2 VowelsFurther Reading3 Phonological Processes3.1 Feature-Level Processes3.2 Segment-Level Processes3.3 Suprasegmental Processes and PhonotacticsFurther Reading4 Morphology and Word Formation4.1 Non-Linear Morphological Processes4.2 Affixation4.3 Reduplication4.4 Compounding4.5 Loanwords4.6 Acronyms, Abbreviations and Blending4.7 Back Formation4.8 ConversionFurther Reading5 Syntactic Categories and Parts of Speech5.1 Nouns5.2 Verbs5.3. Adjectives5.4 Adverbs and Adverbial Expressions5.5 Prepositions5.6. Quantification: Numerals and Quantifiers5.7 Complementizers5.8 PronounsFurther Reading6 The Noun Phrase6.1 Definiteness6.2 Possession6.3 Appositives6.4 Nominal modifiers6.5 Agreement in the Noun Phrase6.6 Demonstratives6.7 Word Order in the Noun PhraseFurther Reading7 The Verb Phrase7.1 The Copular Structure7.2 State Verbs7.3 Experiencer Verbs7.4 Unergative Verbs7.5 Unaccusative Verbs7.6 Ditransitive Verbs7.7 Existential and Possessive Predicates7.8 Raising Predicates7.9 Control Verbs7.10 Reflexive Verbs7.11 Complex Predicates7.12 Causative Verbs7.13 Passive Verbs7.14 Complement-taking VerbsFurther Reading8 Aspect8.1 The Perfective Aspect8.2 The Imperfective Aspect8.3 Participles8.4 Lexical Aspect8.5 Grammatical AspectFurther Reading9 Mood and Modality9.1 Deontic Modality9.2 Epistemic Modality9.3 Dynamic Modality9.4 Modal Adverbs9.5 Verbs Expressing Modality9.6 Evidential Modality9.7 Imperatives9.8 Counterfactuals9.9 Hortatives9.10 OptativesFurther Reading10 Negation10.1 Verbal Negation10.2 Non-Verbal Predicate Negation10.3 The Negative Particle لا laa ‘no’10.4 The Negative Prefix -لا laa- ‘not’ and -غير ɣeer- ‘non-’10.5 Negative Imperatives10.6 Negative Coordination10.7 Negation in Ellipsis10.8 Negative Polarity Items10.9 Negative ConcordFurther reading11 Word Order11.1 Subject-Verb (SV) and Verb-Subject (VS)11.2 Subject-Verb-Object (SVO)11.3 Double Object Constructions11.4 Word Order PermutationFurther reading12 Relative Clauses12.1 Restrictive Relative Clauses12.2 Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses12.3 Free Relative Clauses12.4 Noun Complement ClausesFurther Reading13 Questions13.1 Yes-No Questions13.2 Wh-Questions13.3 Echo Questions13.4 Embedded Questions13.5 Rhetorical Questions13.6 ExclamativesFurther Reading14 Subordination14.1 Temporal Clauses14.2 Reason Clauses14.3 Purpose Clauses14.4 Conditional Clauses14.5 Concessive Clauses14.6 Other Subordinators14.7 ParentheticalsFurther Reading15 Coordination15.1 Conjunction و w-/wa ‘and’15.2 Agreement in Coordination15.3 Fixed Expressions Formed by و w-/wa15.4 Pragmatic Uses of و w-/wa15.5 Informal Use of و w-/wa15.6 بس bas ‘but’15.7 Disjunction ولا wela ‘or’15.8 أو ʔaw ‘or’15.9 ف fa- ‘and then/so’15.10 Contrastive Coordinator أما ʔamma ‘as for’15.11 Comparative Coordinator عن ʕan ‘than’15.12 Negative Coordinator مب mub ‘not’15.13 Correlatives in Coordination15.14 Paratactic CoordinationFurther Reading16 Ellipsis16.1 Gapping16.2 Stripping16.3 NP Ellipsis16.4 VP Ellipsis16.5 PP Ellipsis16.6 Clausal Ellipsis16.7 Comparative Deletion16.8 SluicingFurther Reading17 Interjections17.1 Primary Interjections17.2 Borrowed Interjections17.3 Secondary InterjectionsFurther Reading18 Speech Conventions18.1 Politeness18.2 Terms of Address18.3 General Honorific Terms18.4 Trendy LanguageFurther ReadingGlossary of TermsReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisUkrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Ukrainian grammar.The authors have consulted a great number of sources, in addition to a wide range of native speakers. The result is the first true reference grammar of Ukrainian to be published outside Ukraine, it will be the standard reference work for years to come.The volume is organized to enable students of the language to find the information they seek quickly and easily, and to promote a thorough understanding of Ukrainian grammar. It presents the complexities of the language in a systematic and user-friendly form.Features include* detailed tables in each chapter for easy reference* numerous examples throughout* thorough descriptions of all parts of speech* list of grammatical terms in English and Ukrainian* complete descriptions of the word-formational processes of Ukrainian* an overview of past and present changes in the language* bibliography of works Table of ContentsIntroduction, Historical background, Ukrainian today, the lexicon, Shared East Slavonic lexicon, Polish lexicon, Russian lexicon, Ukrainian today, Abbreviations used, Glossary of grammatical terms used in this book, Ukrainian grammatical terms, Basic greetings, Interjections. 1 Sounds and spelling 2 The noun 3 The adjective 4 The pronoun 5 The numeral 6 the verb 7 The adverb and adverbial construction 8 The conjunction. Notes.

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Book SynopsisWinner of the Swedish National Language Council's Erik Wellander Prize, 2003Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar is an award-winning complete reference guide to modern Swedish grammar. Systematic and accessible, the volume is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Swedish grammar, presenting the complexities of Swedish in a concise and readable form. Explanations are full, clear and free of jargon, and an extensive index, numbered paragraphs, cross-references and summary charts provide readers with easy access to the information they require.Now in its third edition, the text has been comprehensively updated to conform to new standards set in the description of language and to reflect the recommendations of the Language Council of Sweden. It offers an improved layout, completely revised index and more user-friendly paragraph structure. Continuing the tradition of previous editions, the emphasis remains fixed on Swedish in everyday communTrade ReviewPraise for the first edition'This grammar has great assets. The first is that it is compiled by English-speaking people who have an excellent command of Swedish but who know at first hand where the difficulties of learning Swedish lie ... The second is that it represents contemporary Swedish and draws attention to different styles and registers ... a good reliable guide to modern Swedish and should serve as a standard reference of many years.' - Scandinavica"The strong points of this grammar are: (a) it concentrates on everyday informal language; (b) it gives a wealth of examples; (c) by being "unashamedly comparative" it highlights some aspects of the Swedish language that are hardly ever touched upon in Swedish grammars written by native speakers."- Tijdschrift voor Skandinavistiek Praise for the second edition'A vital contribution to the presentation of Swedish to an international audience. The book adopts a valuable external perspective on Swedish, from which native speakers of Swedish can also benefit, and is a major source of knowledge for all of those either within or outside Sweden who teach Swedish as a second language or as a foreign language.' -The Swedish Language Council‘We have in Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar an extraordinarily workable teaching and reference tool that should continue to be a source of linguistic enrichment for many years to come.’ - Marilyn Johns Blackwell, Ohio State University'(T)his is a reference work of the first rank ... Above all, however, this book constitutes the most important international work of reference for everyone with an interest in linguistics in search of detailed information about the morphology and syntax of Swedish.' - SkandinavistikPraise for the first edition'This grammar has great assets. The first is that it is compiled by English-speaking people who have an excellent command of Swedish but who know at first hand where the difficulties of learning Swedish lie ... The second is that it represents contemporary Swedish and draws attention to different styles and registers ... a good reliable guide to modern Swedish and should serve as a standard reference of many years.' - Scandinavica'The strong points of this grammar are: (a) it concentrates on everyday informal language; (b) it gives a wealth of examples; (c) by being "unashamedly comparative" it highlights some aspects of the Swedish language that are hardly ever touched upon in Swedish grammars written by native speakers.'- Tijdschrift voor Skandinavistiek Praise for the second edition'A vital contribution to the presentation of Swedish to an international audience. The book adopts a valuable external perspective on Swedish, from which native speakers of Swedish can also benefit, and is a major source of knowledge for all of those either within or outside Sweden who teach Swedish as a second language or as a foreign language.' -The Swedish Language Council‘We have in Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar an extraordinarily workable teaching and reference tool that should continue to be a source of linguistic enrichment for many years to come.’ - Marilyn Johns Blackwell, Ohio State University'(T)his is a reference work of the first rank ... Above all, however, this book constitutes the most important international work of reference for everyone with an interest in linguistics in search of detailed information about the morphology and syntax of Swedish.' - SkandinavistikPraise for the third edition'A thorough, clear guide to the rules of Swedish grammar… Holmes and Hinchliffe cover everything from basics such as nouns and adjectives to more advanced topics such as interjections and prepositions, and they do it all with ease and clarity. Javisst, this is the best reference book to Swedish grammar you’ll find in English.'- B.J. Epstein, University of East Anglia, UKTable of Contents1. Nouns 2. Adjectives 3. Pronouns 4. Numerals 5. Verbs 6. Adverbs 7. Prepositions 8. Conjunctions 9. Interjections 10 Sentence structure and word order 11. Word formation 12. Orthography 13. Punctuation Linguistic Terms Short Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisNorwegian: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Norwegian (the Bokmål standard). The Grammar is an essential source for the serious student of Norwegian, and for students of comparative linguistics. It is ideal for use in colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.The volume is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Norwegian grammar. It presents the complexities of Norwegian in a concise and readable form. Explanations are full, clear and free of jargon. Throughout, the emphasis is on Norwegian as used by present-day native speakers.An extensive index, numbered paragraphs, cross-references and summary charts provide readers with easy access to the information they require.Trade ReviewThe grammar encourages questions about the understanding and description of grammatical categories in language. In my view, it makes a valuable and practical contribution to presenting Norwegian to an international au-dience, and it should undoubtedly be on a nearby shelf of every student inter-ested in modern Norwegian and comparative linguistics.-- Bukowska, E. (2020), Norsk Lingvistisk Tidsskrift, (1). Tilgjengelig på: http://ojs.novus.no/index.php/NLT/article/view/1796 (åpnet: 9mars2021).Table of ContentsPreface ; Symbols and abbreviations; Introduction: What is Norwegian?; Chapter 1 Nouns; Chapter 2 Adjectives; Chapter 3 Numerals; Chapter 4 Pronouns and determiners; Chapter 5 Verbs; Chapter 6 Adverbs; Chapter 7 Prepositions; Chapter 8 Interjections; Chapter 9 Conjunctions and subjunctions; Chapter 10 Sentence structure and word order; Chapter 11 Word formation; Chapter 12 Orthography; Chapter 13 Punctuation; Appendix 1 Linguistic terms; Appendix 2 English–Norwegian and Norwegian–English linguistic terms; Bibliography; Index

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Book SynopsisA revised and updated edition of the iconic grammar guide for the 21st century.

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