Globalization Books

Book SynopsisHow do city-regions successfully compete in the global age? Mixing history and policy analysis, Steven Erie offers a compelling account of the improbable rise of Los Angeles, explaining how a region with no natural harbor and a metropolis situated a distant twenty miles from the coast managed to become the world's ninth largest economy and a leading trade and transportation center.Trade Review"This book adds invaluably to knowledge of the regional governance and development, foretelling which places will become smart cities and which will be ghost towns." -- San Diego Daily Transcript"Referencing an impressive body of recent academic research, Erie argues that world-class seaport and airport facilities confer substantial economic advantages and more facilitating links between local businesses and the global economy." -- The Sacramento Bee"[A] fascinating history of the Los Angeles region's great assets and the forces that that drove their development. . . . One hundred years ago, it was improbable that the Los Angeles region would become the 10th largest economy in the world. In Globalizing L.A., Erie explains how that happened and then, fingers crossed, offers lessons on how California's largest and most diverse city and region can keep playing a leading role." -- Los Angeles Times"Although there have been several books about the area [L.A.], largely by geographers of the 'L.A. School,' none has captured the interaction of politics and economic interest in the context of key infrastructure investments as Steve Erie is able to do. His combination of mastery of political, financial, and technical elements of development is outstanding. It will be an important contribution to our understanding of regional development." -- Michael B. Teitz, University of California * Berkeley *"Erie has built a potent political-economy of urban development that recognizes the crucial role of the public sector in mediating globalizing processed . . . . and this is a valuable lesson for academics, dockworkers, community developers, and environmental activists alike." -- Economic Geography"A significant new contribution to the study of urban development . . .This book will change the way we think about Los Angeles and Southern California. . . It is the next great book on the region." -- David Perry, Director and Professor * Great Cities Institute University of Illinois at Chicago *"This is the first major study of L.A.'s trade infrastructure and goes far beyond earlier books on L.A. It will add significantly to the existing literature on urbanization, the impact of globalization on local communities, the emergence of economic regions or city-states, and the history of the Los Angeles region itself." -- Earl Fry * Brigham Young University *"In this compelling, exhaustively researched study, Steven P. Erie offers a preeminent example of how global and local energies are converging to create a new kind of global city and a new kind of global economy." -- Dr. Kevin Starr * State Librarian of California *"Steven Erie provides a distinctive and persuasive analysis of political strategies that have been central to shaping the growth of the complex Los Angeles region. The book should be of much interest to scholars who are concerned with the development of the L.A. region and the role of semi-autonomous governments in the United States and beyond." -- Jameson Doig * Princeton University *"Globalizing L.A. is a major achievement. It contributes importantly to theorizing about urban political science, regional policy studies and public policy." -- David J. Olson, University of Washington * Seattle *Table of ContentsCONTENTS PART I: OVERVIEW 1. "Gateway for the Pacific Rim" 9 2. Regional Trade Catalysts: Local Markets and Governments 39 PART II: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT: ENTREPRENEURIAL VISIONS AND DEEDS, 1880-1992 3. Local Foundations: Creating the Global Gateways, 1880-1932 80 4. Building for Regional and Global Markets: Leadership and Innovation, 1933-1992 134 PART III: MOUNTING CHALLENGES: THE RIORDAN YEARS, 1993-2001 5. Weathering Storms at the Ports 192 6. Building Trade Corridors: Challenges and Strategies 243 7. International Airport Development: At Stall Speed 294 PART IV: THE NEW MILLENNIUM: AT THE GLOBAL CROSSROADS 8. Rethinking Global Los Angeles: New Challenges and Formulas 351 INDEX TABLES AND FIGURES Tables 1. Placing the Los Angeles Economy in Global Perspective: Countries Ranked by Year 2001 Gross Domestic Product 2. Major U.S. Customs Districts Year 2001 Merchandise Trade: Imports and Exports 3. Major U.S. Customs Districts Year 2001 Merchandise Trade: By Shipping Mode 4. World's Top 15 Container Ports Ranked by Year 2001 Traffic 5. World's 10 Busiest Passenger Airports Ranked by Year 2001 Passenger Volumes 6. World's 10 Busiest Cargo Airports Ranked by Year 2001 Freight Volumes 7. Governance Systems: Los Angeles World Airports, Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach 8. The Port of Los Angeles and the Ballot Box: Bond Votes, 1906-1932 9. The Port of Los Angeles and the Ballot Box: Charter Amendment and Ordinance Votes, 1906-1932 10. The Port of Long Beach and the Ballot Box: Bond Votes, 1892-1932 11. The Port of Long Beach and the Ballot Box: Charter Amendment and Ordinance Votes, 1892-1932 12. The Port of Los Angeles and the Ballot Box: Bond and Charter Amendment Votes, 1933-1992 13. The Port of Long Beach and the Ballot Box: Bond and Charter Amendment Votes, 1933-1992 14. The Los Angeles Airports and the Ballot Box: Bond and Charter Amendment Votes, 1933-1992 15. Capital Expenditure Plans of Top U.S. Ports, 1993-1997 16. Capital Expenditure Plans of Top U.S. Ports, 1997-2000 17. L. A. Charter Reform and Port Governance 18. Top U.S. Container Ports, 1990 and 2000, Ranked By Year 1990 Container Traffic 19. Trading Places: POLA and POLB Container Traffic, 1990-2000 20. Alameda Corridor Funding Sources 21. National Trade Benefits: Year 2000 Two-Way Merchandise Trade Between U.S. Regions and Overseas Trade Partners Shipped via the San Pedro Bay Ports Figures 1. Rail Intermodal Flows (Freight Density in Tons, 1998) 2. Alameda Corridor Rail Project 3. Southern California Rail Corridors 4. San Diego Region/Baja California Ports of Entry 5. Existing and Proposed Southern California Airports, 2000 Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Los Angeles (Calif, ) Commerce History, Los Angeles (Calif, ) Economic policy, Regional planning California Los Angeles

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Book SynopsisIndia''s recent economic transformation has fascinated scholars, global leaders, and interested observers alike. In 1990, India was a closed economy and a hesitant and isolated economic power. By 2016, India has rapidly risen on the global economic stage; foreign trade now drives more than half of the economy and Indian multinationals pursue global alliances. Focusing on second-generation reforms of the late 1990s, Aseema Sinha explores what facilitated global integration in a self-reliant country pre-disposed to nationalist ideas. The author argues that the impact of globalization on India has affected trade policy as well as India''s trade capacities and private sector reform. India should no longer be viewed solely through a national lens; globalization is closely linked to the ambitions of a rising India. The study uses fieldwork undertaken in Geneva, New Delhi, Mumbai and Washington DC, interviews with business and trade officials, as well as a close analysis of the textile and phTrade Review'Well written, tightly argued, and based on superb research, the book resonates well among seasoned IPE specialists familiar with neo-liberal experiences in Latin America and East Asia; novices will find it chock full of valuable insights … Recommended. Graduate students through professionals.' E. Pang, ChoiceTable of Contents1. How global markets and rules are shaping India's rise to power; 2. A theory of causal mechanisms and global design-in-motion; 3. Trade, statecraft, and changing state capacity in India; 4. Realigning interests towards global reach: changes in India's pharmaceutical sector; 5. Mobilizing new interests and tying the State's hands: decline and revival in the textile sector; 6. Interests in motion: private sector change in India's textile sector; 7. Mechanisms of change within global markets; 8. Conclusion; Appendix; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisLanguage politics in the new global era presents policymakers with significant ethical challenges. How should the reality of English as a global language influence the normative considerations underpinning national language policies? What moral arguments justify the imposition of national languages in an era of increased immigration and ethnolinguistic diversity? What role is there for non-dominant varieties in a globalised world? Building on the emerging notion of 'normative language policy', this book proposes an integrated framework for the study of such questions, combining recent normative work on language in political theory and philosophy with empirically-derived insight from the fields of sociolinguistics and applied linguistics. The case of Quebec forms the backdrop of the study, providing a particularly illuminating setting for investigating the common moral challenges that face contemporary polities seeking to maintain distinct linguistic identities, in an irreducibly diversTrade Review'Leigh Oakes and Yael Peled have written a book that changes the academic terrain in the field of language policy and planning. Their analysis of the history of language politics in Quebec is incisive and even-handed, revealing all of the complexities and elements that must be considered by political theorists who too often operate from abstract principles and universals at the expense of the role and effects of history and politics 'on the ground'. This book is ambitious in its aims and it delivers what it promises; it is required reading for anyone who wishes to better understand what is at stake when controversies involving language(s) arise in liberal democracies, and how we can better evaluate the risks and benefits of different approaches to dealing with those controversies.' Thomas Ricento, University of Calgary'Discussions of language rights that traverse political theory and sociolinguistics are still rare. This book is an eloquent and timely contribution that addresses directly this troubling lacuna. In so doing, Oakes and Peled both demonstrate and exemplify the importance of strong interdisciplinary work in examining and addressing language rights, along with their social, political and policy implications. Highly recommended.' Stephen May, University of Auckland'A highly valuable addition to the language policy literature. It offers a novel and original angle on a classic case, linking it up with the most recent and solid scholarship on the normative issues involved.' François Grin, Université de Genève, Switzerland'Effective language policy must unite the findings of disinterested empirical research with the more general and cross-contextual insights of political philosophers. This book represents one of the first sustained attempts at finding common and complementary ground here.' John Edwards, St Francis Xavier University, Nova ScotiaTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Language policy and planning in Quebec: a brief overview; 3. In defence of the vernacular: French in the age of global English; 4. Linguistic citizenship: identity, integration and interculturalism; 5. Pluricentric linguistic justice in Quebec: beyond the monocentric ideology; 6. Normative language policy in a complex world.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a detailed exploration of the interrelations between globalization, borders and families through a legal lens embedded in sociological theories and empirical data. Its socio-legal nature will have a broad appeal for readers interested in family, immigration and labor law, as well as globalization and other studies.Table of Contents1. Our era; 2. Legalized families; 3. Coordinating familial expectations; 4. Transnational reproduction services; 5. Familial citizenship; 6. Feeding children; 7. Familial violence; 8. Old age; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the first comprehensive analysis of globalization''s impact on the Brazilian legal profession. Employing original data from nine empirical studies, the book details how Brazil''s need to restructure its economy and manage its global relationships contributed to the emergence of a new ''corporate legal sector'' - a sector marked by increasingly large and sophisticated law firms and in-house legal departments. This corporate legal sector in turn helped to reshape other parts of the Brazilian legal profession, including legal education, pro bono practices, the regulation of legal services, and the state''s legal capacity in international economic law. The book, the second in a series on Globalization, Lawyers, and Emerging Economies, will be of interest to academics, lawyers, and policymakers concerned with the role that a rapidly globalizing legal profession is playing in the development of key emerging economies, and how these countries are integrating into the globalTable of Contents1. Globalization, lawyers and emerging economics: the case of Brazil Luciana Gross Cunha, Daniela Monteiro Gabbay, José Garcez Ghirardi, David M. Trubek and David B. Wilkins; 2. Corporate law firms: the Brazilian case Daniela Monteiro Gabbay, Luciana Ramos and Ligia Pinto Sica; 3. In-house counsels in Brazil: careers, professional profiles, and new roles Fabiana Luci de Oliveira and Luciana Ramos; 4. South by Southeast: comparing the development of in-house legal department in Brazil and India David B. Wilkins and Vikramaditya S. Khanna; 5. Globalizing processes for São Paulo attorneys: gender stratification in law firms and law-related businesses Maria da Gloria Bonelli and Camila de Pieri Benedito; 6. The Ordem dos Advogados do Brazil and the politics of professional regulation in Brazil Frederico de Almeida and Paulo André Nassar; 7. Doing well and doing good in an emerging economy: the social organization of pro bono Among corporate lawyers and law firms in São Paulo, Brazil Fabio de Sa e Silva; 8. Legal education in Brazil: the challenges and opportunities of a changing context Luciana Gross Cunha and José Garcez Ghirardi; 9. Transforming legal capacity in Brazil: international trade law and the myth of a booming practice Rubens Glezer, Vitor M. Dias, Adriane Sanctis de Brito and Rafael A. F. Zanatta; 10. Lawyering in new developmentalism: legal professionals and the construction of the telecom sector in the emerging Brazil (1980s–2010s) Fabio de Sa e Silva and David M. Trubek.

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Book SynopsisFocusing on the evolving relations between the state and market in the post-Mao reform era, Yongnian Zheng and Yanjie Huang present a theory of Chinese capitalism by identifying and analyzing three layers of the market system in the contemporary Chinese economy. These are, namely, a free market economy at the bottom, state capitalism at the top, and a middle ground in between. By examining Chinese economic practices against the dominant schools of Western political economy and classical Chinese economic thoughts, the authors set out the analytical framework of ''market in state'' to conceptualize the market not as an autonomous self-regulating order but part and parcel of a state-centered order. Zheng and Huang show how state (political) principles are dominant over market (economic) principles in China''s economy. As the Chinese economy continues to grow and globalize, its internal balance will likely have a large impact upon economies across the world.Trade Review'Yongnian Zheng and Yanjie Huang have produced a brilliant and unique study of the state and market in China, based on a profound knowledge of the history and modern evolution of China's economic and political institutions. Their balanced and objective study provides a thoroughly distinctive analysis of the Chinese state and its relationship to the economic system. It should be mandatory reading for anyone with a serious interest in understanding China today and its development trajectory.' Peter Nolan, Director, China Centre, Jesus College, University of Cambridge'This study carefully explores the efforts of a centralized state to develop markets that, in modern times, adapted to a variety of free market mechanisms. The analysis of China's ventures into all levels of a global economy leads the authors to new theoretical insights into the market's impact on state development. It also shows how and why Chinese experiments have made an impact on our understanding of political economy. All students of contemporary China will find the study original and enlightening.' Wang Gungwu, National University of Singapore'Market in State is a magisterial work of huge ambition on which it delivers richly … Anyone seriously concerned with Chinese political economy should read this book carefully and grapple with it seriously.' Marc Blecher, China InformationTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Theory: 1. Market, state and capitalism: theories of political economy and China; 2. Market in state: a theory of Chinese political economy; Part II. History: 3. The state and market in imperial China; 4. Origins of the modern Chinese political economy: geopolitics, mobilization, and state building; Part III. Contemporary Institutions: 5. Grassroots capitalism and marketization: dynamics of market reform in the contemporary era; 6. The middle-ground: the nexus between the state and private enterprises; 7. The money regimes: fiscal and monetary reforms and their limits; 8. State capitalism: the centrally-managed SOEs and economic domination; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisLévêque recounts twenty revealing tales of real-life rivalry between firms across diverse industries, including wine, skiing, opera, video games and cruise liners. These entertaining and insightful narratives are informed by recent advances in economics, factoring in the many forces driving competition, including globalization and innovation. Divided into four sections, the book covers competition and the market; competition and variety; competition through innovation; and competition and equality. Read together, these stories also serve as building blocks to address the issue of whether competition between firms has entered a new era of increased intensity. This book will appeal to anyone, from company executives to consumers, who are interested in the economics of contemporary industry and want to incorporate a grasp of competition into their everyday decision-making. This book can also be used as a supplementary text in courses in microeconomics, business economics and industrial orTrade Review'What has economics to say about skis, shipping, soccer and cereals? A great deal, as Lévêque shows in this addictively appealing book. Lévêque draws on the brilliant insights and evidence that leading economists studying industries and markets have amassed over the past forty years to lay out the various workings of competition in different industries. Falling transport costs, innovation and the digital revolution have transformed the world of industry and commerce. This book may do for industrial organization what Freakonomics did for the economics of the 'Hidden Side of Everything'.' David Newbury, Emeritus Professor and Director of The Energy Policy Research Group (EPRG), University of Cambridge'Through a variety of beautifully crafted and comprehensively documented case-studies, François Lévêque illuminates the theory of market competition and proves wrong all those who claim that economics is a dismal science. Competition's New Clothes is a must-read for anyone interested in the inner workings of modern markets, and an ideal companion book for the teaching of microeconomics, business economics and industrial organization.' Paul Belleflamme, Université catholique de Louvain'An extremely engaging book that teaches almost everything you would want to know about competition and markets through the use of a diverse set of real world 'stories'. Perfect competition, to monopolist competition, to oligopoly, to monopoly, to innovation. Stories about casinos, toys, wine, breakfast cereals, soccer, ride hailing services, and more. The book is hard to put down which is saying something about n book about microeconomics.' Paul L. Joskow, Elizabeth and James Killian Professor of Economics, Emeritus, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Competition and Market: 1. Three ski lessons for budding economists; 2. Containers conquering the world; 3. Casinos and one-armed bandits; 4. The great game of international gas; 5. The glamorous shipping market; 6. Intermezzo: the Earth is not that flat; Part II. Competition and Differentiation: 7. Coca-Cola versus Pepsi: the war is over; 8. A cruise in a gilded cage; 9. Lego's winning game; 10. Breakfast cereals invading space; 11. Four wine-economics tasting sessions; 12. Intermezzo: no end of differentiation; Part III. Competition and Innovation: 13. Uberizing the razor; 14. Coaches, BlaBlaCar and trains; 15. Apple versus Google, season one; 16. Apple versus Google, season two; 17. Super Mario can die, but like Nintendo he has several lives; 18. Intermezzo, on a theme of disruptive innovation; Part IV. Competition and Redistribution: 19. Bidding for soccer TV rights; 20. For and against fixed retail book prices; 21. Gyms running on empty; 22. Phantom economics at the opera; 23. Uber, or forget about taxis and drivers for a while; 24. Intermezzo on the redistributive effects of competition; Conclusion. The changing face of competition today.

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Book SynopsisThe First World War marked the end point of a process of German globalization that began in the 1870s, well before Germany acquired a colonial empire or extensive overseas commercial interests. Structured around the figures of five influential economists who shaped the German political landscape, Learning Empire explores how their overseas experiences shaped public perceptions of the world and Germany''s place in it. These men helped define a German liberal imperialism that came to influence the ''world policy'' (Weltpolitik) of Kaiser Wilhelm, Chancellor Bülow, and Admiral Tirpitz. They devised naval propaganda, reshaped Reichstag politics, were involved in colonial and financial reforms, and helped define the debate over war aims in the First World War. Looking closely at German worldwide entanglements, Learning Empire recasts how we interpret German imperialism, the origins of the First World War, and the rise of Nazism, inviting reflection on the challenges of globalization in the Trade Review'The history of Imperial Germany is currently being re-written, and Learning Empire is the most sustained and profound intervention yet: A magisterial tour-de-force that establishes Germany as a global player in the decades before World War I. Meticulously documented and driven by a strong vision, it reinstates the middle classes, and economic specialists in particular, as the driving forces behind Germany's global quest. Impressive!' Sebastian Conrad, Freie Universität Berlin'Erik Grimmer-Solem's new book is a sustained tour de force of integrated intellectual and political history, whose impact will surely shift our perspectives on the complicated meanings of the 'German question' for the transnational instabilities of global politics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.' Geoff Eley, University of Michigan'Deeply researched and clearly written, Learning Empire gives afresh account of the origins and development of Weltpolitik by placing it in the context of global economic competition-what Germans in 1900 called Weltwirtschaft-rather than inthe usual framework of national and domestic politics … this reviewer finds Learning Empire to be one of the most important books to appear in the German field in the last twenty years.' Jennifer Jenkins, H-Diplo'… [T]he book provides a thorough exploration of how six figures' economic thought shaped political and public debate over Germany's role in the world. The book also makes clear the distinctive elements of German understandings of empire that built on foreign trade, investment abroad, and informal economic spheres of influence. By paying attention to economists alongside other well-researched figures like missionaries or politicians, Grimmer-Solem brings a richer texture to the scholarship on global economics and capitalism in Imperial Germany.' Heidi Tworek, Business History Review'With his book Learning Empire, Erik Grimmer-Solem now provides another exciting perspective which finally puts the phenomenon of globalization in the second half of the nineteenth century into the wider context of the long-dominant view of Germany's outrageous 'grab' for world power.' Andreas Rose, German Historical Institute London Bulletin'… [Learning Empire] is a great success, in two senses. First, the book is a gold-mine of information about the experiences abroad of an influential network primarily of academic economists, but also of some key political figures who would come to play central roles in Weltpolitik. The collective picture that emerges here of a group of men influenced by their extensive international experiences is quite striking and persuasive. Second, Grimmer-Solem convincingly points to the 'smoking guns' that link those figures to the evolution of German imperial policy – in private letters, in political and academic appointments, in memoirs, in the details of publication histories of studies of the economics of various parts of the world, and so on.' Edward Ross Dickinson, Journal of World History'This book is a remarkable achievement. It succeeds admirably in tracing the imperial imaginary of liberal nationalist political economists and making it and the lineaments of a new age of global politics and economics central to German policymaking, thereby providing a new narrative of the trajectory of German imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.' Dirk Bonker, German Studies Review'Learning Empire is a revisionist work that expands the study of German empire beyond its traditional focus on colonies in Africa and the South Pacific and into the arena of international trade.' Jennifer Jenkins, H-Diplo'… one of the most important books to appear in the German field in the last twenty years. It revises and re-envisions many of the turning points that defined foreign and domestic policy …' Jennifer L. Jenkins, H-Net Reviews'… a compelling, substantial work.' J. P. Short, H-GermanTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Absent-Minded Empire, 1875–1897: 1. Frontier empire: the United States; 2. Island empire: Japan; 3. World economy: China and Venezuela; Part II. Empire Imagined, 1897–1907: 4. World policy; 5. The High Seas Fleet and power politics; 6. National efficiency and the new mercantilism; 7. Formal and informal empire; 8. Empire in crisis; Part III. Empire Lost, 1908–1919: 9. Colonial dreams; 10. World policy contained; 11. From world policy to world war; 12. War aims, peace resolutions, and defeat; Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisVolume II presents an authoritative overview of the various continuities and changes in migration and globalization from the 1800s to the present day. An important contribution to understanding migration as a form of international relations, this volume will interest specialists and students of world history, law and sociology.Table of ContentsIntroduction Marcelo J. Borges and Madeline Y. Hsu; 1. Multiscalar approaches and transcultural societal studies Dirk Hoerder; Part I. Coerced and Free Migrants: 2. Asian indenture migrations Crispin Bates; 3. Settler migrations Andonis Piperoglou; 4. Entangling labor migration in the Americas, 1840–1940 Benjamin Bryce; Part II. Empires, New Nations, and Migrations: 5. Pacific Islander mobilities from colonial incursions to the present Rachel Standfield and Ruth Faleolo with Darcy Wallis; 6. Japanese imperial migrations Eiichiro Azuma; 7. Europe's postcolonial migrations since 1945 Elizabeth Buettner; 8. Immigration restriction in the Anglo-American settler World, 1830s–1930s David C. Atkinson; Part III. Specialized Migrations and Commercial Diasporas: 9. Soldiers and sailors as migrants Leo Lucassen; 10. African trade networks and diasporas Ute Röschenthaler; 11. Exiles, convicts, and deportees as migrants: Northern Eurasia, nineteenth-twentieth centuries Zhanna Popova; Part IV. Circulations of Laborers: 12. Migration and Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa during the colonial period Opolot Okia; 13. The state as trafficker: governments and guestworkers in World history Cindy Hahamovitch; 14. Skilled migrant workers Monique Laney; 15. Global domestic work Pei-Chia Lan; Part V. Transnational Politics and International Solidarities: 16. Immigrants and their homelands Steven Hyland Jr.; 17. Global migrations and social movements from 1815 to the 1920s Jeanne Moisand; 18. Women's migration and transnational solidarity in the twentieth century Jessica Frazier and Johanna Leinonen; Part VI. Displaced Peoples and Refugees: 19. Enduring influence: legal categories of displacement in the early twentieth century Laura Madokoro; 20. Environmental changes, displacement, and migration Marco Armiero and Giovanni Bettini; 21. Refugee regimes David Scott FitzGerald; Part VII. Migrant Communities, Cultures, and Networks: 22. Brokerage and migrations during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Xiao An Wu; 23. Immigrant cities since the late nineteenth century Michael Goebel; 24. Global migrants foodways Jeffrey M. Pilcher; 25. Professional migrants, enclaves, and transnational lives Shenglin Elijah Chang; Part VIII. Migration Control, Discipline, and Regulation: 26. Migrant illegalities since 1800 Marlou Schrover; 27. An intellectual history of citizenship Peter J. Spiro; 28. Mobilities and regulation in the Schengen zone Jochen Oltmer; 29. Externalization of borders Maurizio Albahari; Part IX. Technologies of Migration and Communication: 30. Mobility, transport and communication technologies Colin G. Pooley; 31. Migrant communication from the postal age to internet communities Sonia Cancian.

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Book SynopsisThe upheavals of recent decades show us that traditional models of understanding processes of social and economic change are failing to capture real-world risk and volatility. This has resulted in flawed policy that seeks to capture change in terms of the rise or decline of regimes or regions. In order to comprehend current events, understand future risks and decide how to prepare for them, we need to consider economies and social orders as open, complex networks. This highly original work uses the tools of network analysis to understand great transitions in history, particularly those concerning economic development and globalisation. Hilton L. Root shifts attention away from particular agents whether individuals, groups, nations or policy interventions and toward their dynamic interactions. Applying insights from complexity science to often overlooked variables across European and Chinese history, he explores the implications of China''s unique trajectory and ascendency, as a compeTrade Review'[The] subject is indeed of great importance.' Kenneth Arrow, Nobel Laureate'Based on a unique methodological combination of institutional economic, complexity theory and network science, Hilton L. Root´s book provides invaluable new means and ideas to address the big questions of global history. It carries us from guestimates based on sparse data to formal approaches and nuanced comparisons.' Johannes Preiser-Kapeller, Institute for Medieval Research/Division for Byzantine Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences'Root … helps unravel many puzzles that have intrigued social scientists, such as the motivation behind European overseas expansion.' Aris Trantidis, Journal Perspectives on Politics'In our current state of emergency we are highly focused on nation state dynamics. However complexity economics looks at the dominance of systems and networks beyond these constructs. Hilton Root has written the interconnectedness of Europe and China through the lens of history. My conclusion: supply chains and other relationships won't be that easy to dislodge once this crisis is over. I highly recommend this book to our readers, especially those with an interest in economic history.' Lyric Hale, EconVue'The term that best describes what this book does is 'institutional network theory'. Starting from the premises of new institutionalism and applying networks, Root builds a dynamic framework in which to conceive of time and history. Complexity is introduced in his conception of the aggregate system-level behaviour. The result significantly advances our understanding of how agency and structure confront each other.' Aris Trantidis, International Affairs'This book provides unprecedented inspiration for scholars of Friedrich Hayek and Michael Polanyi because it takes formation-thinking to a whole new level. Complexity economics, as Root calls it, seems to offer a fascinating new approach to advance our thinking about spontaneous and corporate orders by taking the middle road between economic history (and economic anthropology) and network science. Hopefully, this original volume will not only serve as a useful textbook for university courses, but will also launch a torrent of related studies exploring the social worlds behind our constantly changing economic structures.' Gábor Bíró, LSE Review of Books'Hilton Root's Network Origins of the Global Economy contributes unique new perspectives for understanding the political economy of institutional change … some of his key ideas could become the foundations of further hypothesis generation and theory building, which could in turn enrich ongoing academic debates.' Ammar Malik, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation'Network Origins is rich with insights into the deep historical origins of the Great Divergence, insights that will repay future study … makes a vital contribution laying out the key concepts of a network-centered theory of institutional change and in outlining how it could be applied to the questions raised by the Great Divergence.' Mark Koyama, Public Choice'Network Origins should alert policy makers to these blind spots, which are the cause of misunderstanding and a lack of trust between China and the West. By taking a long view and capturing the highly disparate historical trajectories of the East and West, this book offers a unified framework to comparatively understand China's internal logic of national development and expansion. It will be indispensable for rethinking global order regarding both China and emerging centers of power in a world where power is far more broadly distributed than during the Cold War.' Kanishka Balasuriya, Governance'… a refreshing, alternative reading of some of the great transformations in European and Chinese economic history … the book presents a timely contribution.' Nana de Graaff, International Spectator'... offers a new perspective on the study of historical political economy.' Clair Z. Yang, EH.NetTable of ContentsPreface Brian Arthur; Part I. Political Economy and Complex Systems: 1. Great transitions in economic history; 2. Growth, form, and self-organization in the economy; 3. Human evolutionary behavior and political economy; Part II. An Analysis of Historical Regimes: 4. Network assemblage of regime stability and resilience; 5. Network formation and the emergence of law: from feudalism to small-world connectivity (with Cameron Harwick); 6. The network foundations of the Great Divergence (with Qing Tian); Part III. The Coming Instability: 7. Has the baton passed to China? (with Liu Baocheng); 8. China's ambitions and the future of the global economy (with Liu Baocheng); 9. Global networks over time (with Kevin Comer, Jack Goldstone, and David Masad); 10. A future of diminishing returns or massive transformation?; 11. Network structure and economic change: East vs. West.

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Book SynopsisVolume I considers the history of the European Union from an outside-in perspective, evaluating which outside forces shaped and guided the process of European integration. Taking an innovative, thematic approach, this volume will be of interest to students and researchers of European integration.Table of ContentsReflections on the history and historiography of European integration Mathieu Segers and Steven Van Hecke; Part I. Critical Junctures: 1. The emergence of a divided world and a divisible west Kenneth Weisbrode; 2. European integration and the temporary division of Germany Henning Türk; 3. Europe, decolonisation and the challenge of developing countries Guia Migani; 4. European integration and globalisation since the 1970s Emmanuel Mourlon-Druol; 5. A Europe of reunification? Stefania Bernini and Jan Zielonka; 6. Moderately failing forward: the EU in the years 2004–2019 Ferenc Laczó; Part II. Multilateralism and Geopolitics: 7. A pillar of the golden age? European integration and the Trente Glorieuses Antonio Varsori and Lorenzo Mechi; 8. The end of Bretton Woods: origins and European consequences Martin Daunton; 9. The vicissitudes of market Europe Gilles Grin; 10. European integration and the challenges of free movement Mathilde Unger; 11. The EU as a global trade power Kolja Raube; 12. The enduring relationship between NATO and European integration Luca Ratti; 13. European integration and the United Nations Edith Drieskens; 14. The European nuclear dimension: from Cold War to post-Cold War Leopoldo Nuti; 15. From 'Helsinki' and development aid to multipolar hard ball Angela Romano; 16. European integration, the environment and climate change Katja Biedenkopf and Tom Delreux; 17. The space policy of the European Union Emmanuel Sigalas; Part III. Perspectives and Ideas: 18. Researching the Eurocrats Cris Shore and Renita Thedvall; 19. Elite networks of allegiance Giles Scott-Smith; 20. The multi-dimensional nature of public EU attitudes Claes H. de Vreese, Andreas C. Goldberg and Anna Brosius; 21. Ideas of Europe: a view from inside-out, the 1880s to the 1910s (and beyond) Matthew D'Auria; 22. Beginning with culture: a certain idea of Europe Joep Leerssen; 23. The European union and memory Ana Milosevic; 24. European culture(s) Markus Thiel; 25. The catholic narrative of European integration Madalena Meyer Resende; 26. European integration and the churches Sergei A. Mudrov; Index.

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Book SynopsisRevealing the hidden yet powerful dynamic of international standards in contemporary global political economy, this book will appeal to practitioners active in economic and political affairs, as well as graduate students and scholars across various fields, including political science, sociology, economics, and business and organisational studies. This book is also available as Open Access.Trade Review'This volume makes a significant contribution to scholarship on global governance. It traces the 'power of standards' and its connections to 'hybrid authority'. Steering clear of simplifications, the volume emphasizes the generic ambiguity of the standards that define the status of public and private actors, the issues and the spaces of global governance that in turn redefine the standards. The volume does this moving from an overarching analysis of the trade in services, to an analysis of the insurance industry and the outsourcing of business processes to India. Graz offers a refreshingly non-dogmatic, empirically grounded engagement with the questions surrounding who governs, how and with what implications in the contemporary world.' Anna Leander, Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement, Geneva'Standardisation, originating from the world of engineers and production companies, is now also being applied for services and complex technical and societal systems. Its increasing importance for shaping business and society challenges the role of governments. This book provides better understanding.' Henk J. de Vries, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam'The Power of Standards is a must-read book for all those interested in the functioning of transnational regulation, hybrid authority and present-day spaces of globalization. Drawing empirically on the services industry and on India in particular, Graz provides insightful theoretical reflections on how ambiguity confers authority across sovereign spaces, and thus informs key current debates in international relations and international political economy.' Stefano Ponte, Copenhagen Business SchoolTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. The rise of transnational hybrid authority: a primer; 2. Service offshoring: the new frontier of globalisation; 3. Standards as regulation; 4. Doubling security: prudential standards for insurance regulation; 5. Standards to create new insurance markets; 6. The world office; 7. Standards and business process outsourcing in India; Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisProviding a panoramic and interdisciplinary perspective, this book explores the interrelations between globalization, borders, families and the law. It considers the role of international, multi-national and religious laws in shaping the lives of the millions of families that are affected by the opportunities and challenges created by globalization, and the ongoing resilience of national borders and cultural boundaries. Examining familial life-span stages - establishing spousal relations, raising children and being cared for in old age - Hacker demonstrates the fruitfulness in studying families beyond the borders of national family law, and highlights the relevance of immigration and citizenship law, public and private international law and other branches of law. This book provides a rich empirical description of families in our era. It is relevant not only to legal scholars and practitioners but also to scholars and students within the sociology of the family, globalization studies, bTable of Contents1. Our era; 2. Legalized families; 3. Coordinating familial expectations; 4. Transnational reproduction services; 5. Familial citizenship; 6. Feeding children; 7. Familial violence; 8. Old age; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with a series of topics with a primary focus on the global economy and global business, specifically within the context of Turkey. While doing so, it also delves into a globally evolving linguistic phenomenon of the English language, having already become a universal medium for practices and applications of the economic world. This book begins with globalization, described as a convergence of people by interacting economically, technologically and socially with each other, and endeavours to describe globalization with a basic approach from a historical perspective. It moves on to argue how the Zincirkıran Commissions purchase of ships heralded Turkeys appearance in a bipolar world, which emerged in the aftermath of World War II by shedding light on how the liberal bloc and trade relations within this bloc developed in the 20th century. This book also touches on the effects of globalization on the growth of the Turkish economy using data recorded from 1970-2013. Furthermore, it provides room for Weber''s Protestant Ethic, the New Institutional Economics and Human Capital Theory, which is employed as a framework to explain how social institutions might affect economic growth in the long run, and how economic success could be attained through the teaching of ethical values rooted in religion. Concepts, such as decentralization, globalization, localization, and subsidiarity are defined, and effects of globalization on local governments are examined in terms of fiscal autonomy and service delivery. A comparison of fiscal autonomy in federal and unitary states was provided with a specific focus on fiscal autonomy and decentralization in Turkey. Besides these issues, the book also investigates how Turkish foreign policy could adapt to a globalized world during the period of the Justice and Development Party. Here, as a specific point, an emphasis is laid on the period when Former Premier Ahmet Davutoglu began his Zero Problem policy with neighbors. From a political perspective, this book discusses political discourses arising from globalization, suggesting that globalization has failed to deliver its promises concerning issues such as the diminishing of nation states, expansion of democratic rule, and more peaceful international societies. As for Middle Eastern policies, the authors attempt to unpack Middle Eastern international relations during phases of globalization by particularly focusing on an ever-increasing role and impact of violent non-state actors (VNSAs). Finally, since almost all international relations and financial transactions in todays world are carried out through the English language, this book also allocates some room for research conducted on English being taught as a global language in Turkey between the period of 2000-2018.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes and discusses the various aspects of the changing "landscape" of China's industrial development within the general context of globalisation. In the past four decades, the spectacular economic growth and development of China has surprised the world. China has leapt from one of the poorest countries to the second-largest economy in the world. The development path of China's economy is different from that of any other country, thanks to its unique national system. As a country that adopted the centrally planned economy in the past, the government played a very important role in the national economy. Even until now, government planning still greatly influences many aspects of the country despite the gradual perfection of the market system. Besides the government's role, external factors coming worldwide can also be major driving forces behind the development of a national economy. For developing countries, industrial development is almost always the national priority. This book focuses its attention on the discussing of the evolution and development of China's industrial structure under the general trends of globalisation. It is always preferred that China can constantly strike a balance between its speed of overall economic growth and the soundness of the development of its industrial structure. In this book, we present the reader a true "landscape" of China's industrial development that is changing and being constantly shaped by the various driving forces coming from the current trends of globalisation. If you are one of the interested readers, we believe this book is one of the best choices for you.

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Book SynopsisPeople around the globe are more connected to each other than ever before. Information and money flow more quickly than ever. Goods and services produced in one part of the world are increasingly available to the rest of the world. International travel is more frequent. International communication is commonplace. This phenomenon has been titled "globalisation". "The Era of Globalisation" is fast becoming the preferred term for describing the current times. Just as the Depression, the Cold War Era, the Space Age, and the Roaring 20''s are used to describe particular periods of history, globalisation describes the political, economic, and cultural atmosphere of today. While some people think of globalisation as primarily a synonym for global business, it is much more than that. The same forces that allow businesses to operate as if national borders did not exist also allow social activists, labour organisers, journalists, academics, and many others to work on a global stage. This book brings together a wide range of expertise addressing these issues from the perspective of authors from around the world.

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Book SynopsisThe culture of violence has gained a religious colouring in modern days. With a destructive technological impetus, the question arises: Is there abuse of religious teachings? Is their any religious basis for violence and war? Then follow questions about the purpose of religion and the significance of concepts of peace and non-violence. As some find justification for war and violence in their religion, an inquiry must be made about the influence of religious scriptures on peace. Globalisation has had a varied impact on political, social, cultural, and religious behavioural systems. This landmark volume attempts to comprehend the concepts of non-violence and peace within different religious and cultural traditions.

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Book SynopsisThe notion of globalisation and its relation to education is widely being discussed among politicians, philosophers, scholars, educators and students throughout the world. Some fully reject and refuse to accept this phenomenon, others try to understand and accept this notion, still others completely accept the idea of globalisation and associate with it all progressive changes in the new century''s socio-cultural and educational space. Moreover, for a considerable part of the planet''s residents the very spirit of the terms "globalism" and "globalisation" still remains an unknown, enigmatic, almost supernatural entity. The contemporary globalising epoch is characterised by pervasive events making a considerable affect on human development, human consciousness and on various aspects of education and child development. These events include: (1) the unprecedented emergence and dissemination of information and knowledge; (2) the digitisation of information and virtualisation of objective reality; (3) the spreading of the English language as an essential global tool for education and international communication; (4) the dissemination of the ideas of global and multicultural education; (5) the rise of the European Union; (6) the market orientation of Russian and the former entities of the former Socialist block;(7) the spreading of the cultural and educational canons of the Anglo-American or Atlantic civilisation upon other cultures and civilisations; and (9) unparalleled demographic growth, especially in Eastern and Southern cultures.

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Book SynopsisThis book begins, and perhaps should end, with an excerpt from the writings of the late eminent Chinese scholar, Fung Yu-lan (or Feng Youlan) (1895-1990), who wrote: "The ancient Chinese culture is an inherent factor determining the Chinese style.". If the latter enunciation of Fung Yu-lan stirs one''s interest in Chinese culture for the typical reasons, such as, an interest in ancient periods of China; romanticism, which focuses on the exotic and mysterious, for example, Zen Buddhism and Taoism; or simply as the source of exotic objets d''art, then all the better. Because for a typical Westerner bound in Western conventionalism and parochialism, engendering an understanding of the policies and practices of the People''s Republic of China (China) necessitates understanding a modern China in light of Chinese traditional culture (or philosophy), or a China in antiquity. The consequence of Chinese traditional culture affects many political economy concerns of modern China, ranging from socio-economic, political, to international trade and other concerns. Indeed, philosophical antecedents influence modern Chinese policies and practices.

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Book SynopsisThis book represents the manifestation of a long-term effort to explore the multifaceted impact of neo-liberal globalisation on institutional reform in the developing world, with special reference to the transformation trajectory of State Planning Organisation in Turkey. Analytically, it strives to locate the in-depth analysis of Turkish development planning and the changing fortunes of the State Planning Organisation within the broader context of the states versus markets'' debate in the political economy literature in order to assess the technical viability and institutional manifestations of development planning under the profound and ever increasing pressures of globalisation. To this end, a comparative institutional theoretical framework is adopted which engages critically with the neo-classical/neo-liberal approach to macroeconomic policy making, and gauges the potential influence of domestic institutional structures in generating effective responses to changes in global economy.

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Book SynopsisGrowing economic globalisation has increased international business competition and international economic interdependence. From this perspective, many firms have formed business partnerships and most nations have had to re-evaluate their economic interdependence. This book explores changes that have occurred or have been proposed in this regard. It provides new insights into business partnerships and international economic interdependence, given growing economic globalisation, and explores the managerial and socio-economic consequences of those ideas. The contributions in this book have been divided into four parts. Those in Part II concentrate on the specification of partnerships and reasons for business partnerships in the context of a globalisation. The idea of global networks in which some "hard" and "soft" forms of partnerships would appear and mix is introduced and discussed according to the partners involved (nations, unions, firms and consumers) and the economic activities (whether tangible or abstract). Globalisation also has a number of consequences for business co-ordination, in particular when they are based on outsourcing strategies in which cost reduction is balanced with knowledge transfers. These are amongst the issues explored in Part III. The difficulty to monitor and predict the effects of global partnerships tends to increase the importance of cultural and psychological variables such as trust and commitment. Therefore the role of attitudes and perceptions is very important. Whatever the agreement and the conjoined management among partner firms, the attitude of the other agents can produce asymmetric affects on these firms and considerably bias their partnership strategy. Such biases are particularly likely from consumers. Their attitude towards globalisation is not the only bias that may occur. Their loyalty is also an important issue in a globalising world, particularly in the service sector where lots of partnerships have been made on a global scale (eg banks, airlines, leisure). These are amongst the relationship marketing issues explored in Part IV. In Part V, the factors introduced in the previous chapters are considered from a regional and cultural perspective, where nations and regions themselves are engaged in global partnership. In this context, discrepancy often develops between the domestic and the international globalisation strategies, as well as between the capital and labour markets. The resulting complexity is particularly problematic for the developing and peripheral economies. Novel insights about partnership emerge, as studied in this concluding part of the book.

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Book SynopsisMultinational Enterprises (MNEs) are key actors within the world economy alongside the states. Is there currently a legal personality for MNEs in international law? Law reflects moral connections and it is not static which means that its content is shaped according to new situations and demands. In many situations MNEs have already been acceded as subjects of international law -- Iran versus US claims tribunal 1981 . There is a tendency to admit MNEs as actors in international law. It could be said that MNEs are not in position to freely decide if they accept their responsibilities according to international law and especially in the human right field. There is a need for more transparency in MNEs actions. MNEs are key actors in globalisation and they have a duty to act in conformity with international law. This author thinks that there is a need in distinguishing between the MNE as an economic entity and so allowing the national law of establishment, the private international law and the international commercial law to deal with the economic matters and the MNE as a whole unit (parent company with all subsidiaries regardless its separate establishment in various states under national laws) an international social policy actor in globalisation whose actions affect the global world.

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Book SynopsisTrade policies and agreements are a powerful weapon in the Era of Globalization. Most countries'' strategy is to pursue multiple market-opening initiatives on a global, regional and bilateral basis, establishing models of success that can be used throughout all negotiations. This book presents some trade policies and agreements of the United States.

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Book SynopsisGlobalisation has forced international issues to a prime consideration of businesses at every level. Formerly arcane topics like exchange rates, risk and international taxation among dozens of other such issues are the focus of this book.

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Book SynopsisGlobalisation can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society. This process is a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural and political forces. Looking specifically at economic globalisation; it can be measured in different ways. These centre on the four main economic flows that characterise globalisation: Goods and services, e.g. exports plus imports as a proportion of national income or per capita of population; Labour/people, e.g. net migration rates; inward or outward migration flows, weighted by population; Capital, e.g. inward or outward direct investment as a proportion of national income or per head of population; Technology, e.g. international research & development flows; proportion of populations (and rates of change thereof) using particular inventions (especially ''factor-neutral'' technological advances such as the telephone, motorcar, broadband). This volume centres on globalisation and its processes in Africa.

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Book SynopsisGlobalisation can be described as the combined influences of trade liberalisation, market integration, international finance and investment, technological change, the increasing distribution of production across national boundaries and the emergence of new structures of global governance. The global market place equipped with the application of global communications has become the focus of the global business arena that makes the world markets remain open and involved in the fair competitive practices. Supporters of globalisation concepts also argue that allowing free trade and capital movement would also favour workers to move from one country to another, partly to find better employment opportunities. New growth-trade theories have emphasised the contribution of international trade to economic growth through its effect on capital accumulation. Free trade leaders to specialisation, contributes to the total factor productivity and offers comparative advantages for the other countries. However, free trade generates neck-to-neck competition among countries for economic sustainability and to equip essentially for competing against the best trade in the world. This book delineates economic and political factors along with the technological perspectives thereof towards the export growth and competitiveness among developing countries and analyses trade competitiveness in view of the economic reforms and trade liberalisation.

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Book SynopsisThere are two major aims for this book: first, to make a contribution to the academic debates; and second, to urge frontline INGO practitioners to reflect critically on their practices. Referring to the practices of CEP in reforming the system of higher education in Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova, this book seeks to engage in two major debates: one, over the role of INGO in social development; and two, over the relationship between INGO and Imperialism. In the discussion, the author highlighted the elements that are usually overlooked in the existing literature, namely, contradiction and contingency. Data is in the form of my first-hand experience of working as a university lecturer teaching in several universities in Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova, and as a CEP visiting fellow actively involved in its activities. The data poses challenges to the development logic of INGO and the logic of Imperialism; this provides an interesting basis for a provocative discussion. Since data also offers an interesting evaluation of CEP, they reveal not only difficulties facing CEP in bringing changes to the former-Soviet countries but also common problems of the system of higher education in this region.

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, the economic policy of privatisation, which is defined as the transfer of property or responsibility from public sector to private sector, is one of the global phenomenon that increases use of markets to allocate resources. One important motivation for privatisation is to help develop factor and product markets, as well as security markets. Progress in privatisation is correlated with improvements in perceived political and investment risk. Many emerging countries have gradually reduced their political risks during the course of sustained privatisation. In fact, most risk resolution seems to take place as privatisation proceeds to its later stage. Alternative benefits of privatisation are improved risk sharing and increased liquidity and activity of the market. One of the main methods to develop privatisation is entering a new stock to the markets for arising competition. This book provides leading edge research on this field from around the globe.

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Book SynopsisFinancial globalisation refers to the ongoing integration of once poorly connected national financial markets. A key aspect of globalisation is a decline in financial home bias -- the tendency for domestic saving to be invested predominantly at home, with domestic portfolios tilted heavily toward home-country assets. Recent years have in fact seen a pronounced decline in home bias, with a record fraction of global saving going to cross-border investments. Indeed, in 2005 and 2006, the share of global saving invested abroad climbed past 50 percent for the first time. The trend toward greater cross-border investment has been world-wide, with the United States, other advanced economies, and emerging economies all investing a markedly higher fraction of saving abroad. Significantly, U.S. external investment as a share of saving has risen less dramatically than the share for other countries. Comparing the mid-1990s with the middle of the current decade, we see that U.S. outflows as a share of domestic saving have risen by roughly 20 percentage points; the increase abroad has been close to 35 percentage points. As a result, the United States now lags the rest of the world by a considerable margin in the share of national saving invested abroad. It is instructive to consider the smaller scale of outflows from the United States in light of the current account balance of payments accounting identity described earlier. In particular, had outflows from the United States risen in line with the global trend, the country would have required that much more inward investment to finance an unchanged sequence of current account deficits. In turn, more robust U.S. demand for foreign assets, and the consequent need to attract additional inflows, would have placed downward pressure on the dollar, leading to at least somewhat smaller deficits. This scenario illustrates a more general point: developments that lead to shifts in gross capital flows have important feedback effects on net flows.

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Book SynopsisThe explosion of new themes and working areas in social sciences in the aftermath of the Cold-War stimulated the ''cultural turn'' of the previous decades and strengthened the position of the notion of ''civilisation'' as a unit of analysis and locus of academic debate in the fields of history, philosophy, sociology, political science, and international relations. Given the fabricated and standardised nature of recent literature on political, economic and socio-cultural aspects of globalisation, it is crystal clear that historically and philosophically enlightened works written from the perspective of civilisational transformation will provide the much needed sophistication to conventional social science analyses trying to elucidate the organising principles of the global order. This novel collection represents a path-breaking work in the field of global/civilisational studies by constituting an interdisciplinary and theoretically-informed platform on which complex debates on the political, economic, socio-cultural, philosophical and ecological aspects of the global order could be conducted. The editors, Sadýk Ünay and Muzaffer þenel, managed to gather a truly original collection of articles from some of the leading authorities and promising academics on the theme of global orders with special reference to a civilisation transformation covering a wide spectrum in time and space from Antique Greece to the Islamic World, from Europe to the US and from East Asian history to current globalisations. Contributions rooted in the disciplines of history, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, political science and global political economy are craftsmanly combined to give the reader a holistic vision towards the possibility of multiple civilisational experiments and global orders. This book which boldly endeavours to transcend narrow boundaries of conventional academic approaches and Western-centric prejudices in various branches of social sciences will be a must-read for students of globalisation, cultural studies and macro-history.

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Book SynopsisAmerican International Group, Inc. (AIG) (NYSE: AIG) is an American insurance corporation. According to the 2008 Forbes Global 2000 list, AIG was once the 18th-largest public company in the world. It was listed on the Dow Jones Industrial Average from April 8, 2004 to September 22, 2008. AIG suffered from a liquidity crisis when its credit ratings were downgraded below "AA" levels in September 2008. The United States Federal Reserve Bank on September 16, 2008, created an $85 billion credit facility to enable the company to meet increased collateral obligations consequent to the credit rating downgrade, in exchange for the issuance of a stock warrant to the Federal Reserve Bank for 79.9% of the equity of AIG. The Federal Reserve Bank and the United States Treasury by May 2009 had increased the potential financial support to AIG, with the support of an investment of as much as $70 billion, a $60 billion credit line and $52.5 billion to buy mortgage-based assets owned or guaranteed by AIG, increasing the total amount available to as much as $182.5 billion. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

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Book SynopsisShadow banking refers to bank-like financial activities that are conducted outside the traditional commercial banking system, many of which are unregulated or lightly regulated. Many of the activities performed within the shadow banking system take funds from savers and investors and ultimately provide them to borrowers. Within this broad definition are investment banks, finance companies, money market funds, hedge funds, special purpose entities, and other vehicles that aggregate and hold financial assets. These entities are critical players in the markets for securitised products, structured products, commercial paper, asset-backed commercial paper, repurchase agreements, and derivatives. The activities of these firms financed substantial economic activity, albeit indirectly. This book examines the nature and scope of the shadowing banking system and its role in the financial crisis.

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