Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere Books
A A Balkema Publishers A Land Between Two Niles: Quaternary geology and
Book SynopsisContents: Alluvial history: Geology, groundwater hydrology, vegetation, soils & palaeoecology. Maps, figs., photos.
£152.00
A A Balkema Publishers Mesozoic and Tertiary Geology of Southern Africa:
Book SynopsisThe study of southern African Mesozoic and Tertiary strata has long had a low priority in both academic and commercial circles, and with the notable exception of diamonds, rocks of this age have not been thought to contain much worth digging up. This reference list contains approximately 750 entries and provides a review and synthesis of data on the Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks of southern Africa, seen in the context of Gondwana fragmentation.Table of Contents1 SOUTHERN AFRICA AND ITS POST-PALAEOZOIC SETTING 2 TRIASSIC TO EARLY JURASSIC ROCKS OF THE INTRACRATONIC BASINS 3 THE CAPE FOLD BELT 4 MIDDLE JURASSIC TO LOWER CRETACEOUS 5 UPPER CRETACEOUS 6 TERTIARY 7 SUMMARY OF MESOZOIC AND TERTIARY IGNEOUS ACTIVITY
£375.00
A A Balkema Publishers Rock Joints: Proceedings of a regional conference
Book SynopsisRock joint behaviour impacts many branches of engineering including surface and underground mining, dam foundations, tunnelling for hydro power and transport, petroleum reservoirs and nuclear waste storage. The subject is in a very active stage of development, and engineers, geologists, and scientists involved in these developments have indicated by their 110 papers that rock joints are of great importance in many fields of engineering. Selected papers span five continents and thirty countries. The subjects covered include geological aspects of joint origin and morphology, mechanical behaviour such as shear strength and deformability, hydraulic behaviour, and dynamic behaviour. The influence of water flow on frictional strength and the effect of joint deformation on water flow are also strongly represented. Great activity is evident in many countries in computer modelling for solving complicated engineering problems where joint behaviour is important. Articles describe the modelling of joints under dams, around wellbores, in petroleum reservoirs, in open pit mines, and around tunnels, shafts and nuclear waste repository excavations. The conference proceedings forms a unique collection of keynote and specialist articles on all aspects of rock joint behaviour.
£218.50
A A Balkema Publishers 6th international congress International
Book SynopsisThe Proceedings of the 6th international congress International Association of Engineering Geology, volume 3: Comptes-rendus, held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, on the 6-10 August 1990. Including 500 papers from authors from 52 different countries. The four main symposia compromised of topics that included use of computers in Engineering Geology, pollution, environmental protection and waste disposal, coastal engineering and Engineering Geology in the oil industry.
£325.00
A A Balkema Publishers Palaeoecology of Africa, volume 14
Book SynopsisThis reference provides up-to-date information on research in many different disciplines which give an overall insight into the environmental history of Africa.
£114.00
A A Balkema Publishers Weak Rock: Soft, Fractured & Weathered Rock,
Book Synopsis‘Weak Rock - Soft, Fractured and Weathered Rock’, includes Volume. 2 of 3 of the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Weak Rock held in Tokyo on the 21-24 September 1981. Some of the papers presented at the symposium were as follows : Deformation of Crushed Rock Under Plane Strain Conditions ( Al - Hussaini , M ); Relation ... Takaaki , K ( McClelland Engineers Incorporated , Texas ) Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, as well as Weak Rock - Soft, Fractured and Weathered Rock’.
£375.00
A A Balkema Publishers Weak rock: Soft, fractured & weathered rock,
Book Synopsis‘Weak Rock - Soft, Fractured and Weathered Rock’, includes Volume. 3 of 3 of the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Weak Rock held in Tokyo on the 21-24 September 1981. Some of the papers presented at the symposium were as follows : Deformation of Crushed Rock Under Plane Strain Conditions ( Al - Hussaini , M ); Relation ... Takaaki , K ( McClelland Engineers Incorporated , Texas ) Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, as well as Weak Rock - Soft, Fractured and Weathered Rock’.
£375.00
A A Balkema Publishers Land Drainage: A seminar in the EC programme of
Book SynopsisLand Drainage the topic of the papers presented for seminar in the EC programme of coordination of research on land use and rural resources, held in Cambridge, UK, on the 27-31 July 1981.
£228.00
A A Balkema Publishers Palaeoecology of Africa, volume 15
Book SynopsisThis reference provides up-to-date information on research in many different disciplines which give an overall insight into the environmental history of Africa.
£171.00
A A Balkema Publishers Magmatism and Transformation of Active Areas of
Book SynopsisA study of magmatism, one of the most important factors in the differentiation of matter of the Earth. It covers geological structures volcanic series, genesis of basaltic magma, and petrology of andesites of island arcs, and more.
£171.00
A A Balkema Publishers Palaeoecology of Africa, volume 16
Book SynopsisThis text gives an environmental history of Africa, concentrating on 30 contributions on oceans and ocean margins, the Sahara and West Africa.Table of ContentsOceans and ocean margins Late Neogene events of atmospheric and oceanic circulation offshore northwest Africa: High-resolution record from deep-sea sediments, Palynologische Untersuchungen an marinen Sedimenten vor der westafrikanischen Küste, Isotopic and mineralogical records from Late Pleistocene sediments of the North Red Sea, Paleoceanography of the Gulf of Aqaba during the last 150 000 Years, Le Quaternaire margino-littoral béninois (Afrique de l’Ouest): Synthèse des datations au carbone, Les climats et les océans de la region congolaise pendant l’Holocène-Bilans selon les échelles et les méthodes de l’observation, Cadre sédimentologique de la sequence mangrove ? Tanne de la Moka (Baie de la Mondah ? Gabon), Palaeoenvironments of the present day arid south western Africa 30 000-5 000 BP: Results and problems, Aridity along the Namibian coast, Sahara and West Africa, The tropical easterly jet as a cause for intensified aridity in the Sahara, Kenya, Malawi, Southern Africa.
£114.00
A A Balkema Publishers Palaeoecology of Africa, volume 17
Book SynopsisThis volume covers topics such as geology, geomorphology, palynology, palaeontology and archaeology in the fynbos region, southern-most Africa.
£161.50
A A Balkema Publishers Landslides: Extent and Economic Significance:
Book SynopsisProceedings of the 28th international geologic congress symposium on landslides, with the focus of ‘Landslides: Extent and Economic Significance’, held in Washington D.C., on the 17 July 1989.
£325.00
A A Balkema Publishers Geodynamics and Metallogeny of Folded Belts:
Book SynopsisContents: The concept of 'metallogeny of lithospheric plates' specially resorting to geodynamic modelling. Different geodynamic situations of metallogeny on global perspective and specific situations for the formation of copper-molybdenum, tin-wolfram, mercury, lead-zinc and fluorite provinces. Geodynamic models; Metallogenic investigations of geodynamic models; Paramount indicators of the geodynamic regime; Copper-Molybdenum porphyry ore provinces.
£190.00
A A Balkema Publishers Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-6): Proceedings of
Book SynopsisProceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on [title] held in Malvern, England, August 1989. No subject index. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
£218.50
A A Balkema Publishers Evolution of Ore-bearing Precambrian Structures:
Book SynopsisContents: Historical aspects of Precambrian tectonics and metallogeny; Archaean supracrustal belts; Proterozoic mobile belts; Protoplatforms and ancient platforms; Regions of protoactivisation; Regions of tectonomagnetic activisation and rifting; Marginal and sulture structures; Deep structure of the continental crust and ore formation; Conclusions; Selected references; Index.
£190.00
University of Chicago Press Frozen Fauna of the Mammoth Steppe
Book Synopsis
£30.00
The University of Chicago Press Principles of Geology Volume 2
Book Synopsis
£42.75
The University of Chicago Press Wetlands of the American Midwest A Historical
Book SynopsisExamines literary evidence and government and scientific documents to uncover the history of changing attitudes towards wetlands in the American Midwest. This text charts the changes brought about in scientific research agendas, government policies, and farmers' strategies for managing their land.Table of ContentsList of figures List of tables Preface 1: Changing Attitudes 2: Physical Characteristics of Wet Prairies and Bogs 3: Native American Occupation 4: Early Nineteenth-century Views of Wetlands 5: Landowners, Cattlemen, Railroads, and Tenants on Wet Prairies 6: Draining and Agricultural Change on Wet Prairies 7: Occupying, Draining, and Abandoning Northern Bogs and Swamps 8: Utilizing and Conserving Wet Prairies since 1930 9: Changing Wetland Images and Values Bibliography Index
£38.00
The University of Chicago Press The Meaning of Fossils Episodes in the History of
Book Synopsis
£31.35
Columbia University Press Geology and Paleontology of the Miocene Sinap Formation Turkey
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£84.75
Columbia University Press The Story of Life in 25 Fossils
Book SynopsisEvery fossil tells a story. Best-selling paleontology author Donald R. Prothero describes twenty-five famous fossils in a gripping scientific history. Recounting the adventures behind the discovery of these objects and interpreting their significance within the larger fossil record, Prothero creates a riveting history of life on our planet.Trade ReviewDonald R. Prothero is one of the most talented science writers of his generation-as a paleontological writer, he has no peer. This is an engaging, attractive book! -- David J. Bottjer, University of Southern California There is no other book that brings together such diverse fossils and tells their unique stories in a way that is both accurate and approachable. -- Xiaoming Wang, curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County The Story of Life in 25 Fossils shows the reader the joys of paleontological discovery as well as the stories behind some of the most important fossils. I loved reading it, and I suspect that most paleontologists, and many members of the general public, will feel the same way-the text is lucid, extremely easy to read, and highly informative. Anyone interested in ancient life-forms and the fossil record would be well served to buy this book. -- Bruce S. Lieberman, University of Kansas Prothero, an outstanding paleontologist and skilled communicator, has written the best up-to-date account of the history of life as revealed by the fossil record that I have ever had the pleasure to read. His lucid prose brings these long-dead organisms back to life, while painting a picture of how all life has been interconnected through evolution. I was especially struck by the inclusion of field outcrops, as well as museums, where one can go to see these fossils. I will keep Prothero's book handy as a core reference for years to come! -- Niles Eldredge, author of Eternal Ephemera: Adaptation and the Origin of Species from the Nineteenth Century Through Punctuated Equilibria and Beyond A guide to museums where the original fossils or high-quality reproductions are housed and more than 150 illustrations accompany Prothero's lively account of the science and politics that shaped the rich history of these discoveries. Kirkus Reviews Engaging and accessible... Ideal for anyone interested in the origins of life on earth. Library Journal (starred review) An accessible, well-done book that will better enable general readers to understand the fossil record and how paleontologists interpret it. Publishers Weekly Prothero's careful description of 25 fossils... offer[s] an overview of the progression of plants and animals in the last 3.5 billion years. -- Ashley Yeager Sciece News [Prothero] pays attention not just to the fossils themselves but to the continuing quest to uncover and understand how life has been changing since it first came into existence on Earth. Sure, The Story of Life in 25 Fossils includes snakes with legs, giant dinosaurs, walking whales and extinct primates whose existence confirms that our own species is a variety of modified ape. But most chapters also introduce us to the researchers who labored to pull back the curtain on lost worlds. -- Brian Switek Wall Street Journal Ideal for all who love prehistoric landscapes and delight in the history of science, this book makes a treasured addition to any bookshelf, stoking curiosity in the evolution of life on Earth. -- Ian Paulsen The Birdbooker Report Prothero brings erudition and expert perspective to the material, but animates it in an entertaining and accessible manner. It reads like a fun conversation with a learned friend. -- Nathan H. Lents The Human Evolution Blog Written with bright enthusiasm... [The Story of Life in 25 Fossils] is a wonderful primer. -- Rob Hardy The Commercial Dispatch Chock full of excellent and interesting illustrations... [Prothero] writes excellent, readable prose, and vigorously makes connections between evolutionary questions and evolutionary data. Greg Laden's Blog A thoroughly enjoyable, highly readable, and entertaining book. Prothero is a masterful communicator of science and a lover of paleontology, and these traits have combined to produce one of the best books on the history of life I have read. If you want an introduction to the history of life on Earth, get this book. -- Jason S. Anderson BioScience A great introduction to the history of life on the planet Earth... A solid primer on why evolution is true... A fun read with lots of tales of paleontological adventure and derring-do... I recommend this book without hesitation. -- John Dupuis Confessions of a Science Librarian A magnificent journey through life's story told in such loving detail... Highly recommended. Choice [The book], written with bright enthusiasm and describing clearly how the fossil record shows evolution to have occured, is a wonderful primer about what paleontologists do. The DispatchTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments 1. Planet of the Scum: The First Fossils (Cryptozoon) 2. Garden of Ediacara: The First Multicellular Life (Charnia) 3. "Little Shellies": The First Shells (Cloudina) 4. Oh, Give Me a Home, When the Trilobites Roamed: The First Large Shelled Animals (Olenellus) 5. Is It a Worm or an Arthropod? The Origin of Arthropods (Hallucigenia) 6. Is It a Worm or a Mollusc? The Origin of Molluscs (Pilina) 7. Growing from the Sea: The Origin of Land Plants (Cooksonia) 8. A Fishy Tale: The Origin of Vertebrates (Haikouichthys) 9. Mega-Jaws: The Largest Fish (Carcharocles) 10. Fish out of Water: The Origin of Amphibians (Tiktaalik) 11. "Frogamander": The Origin of Frogs (Gerobatrachus) 12. Turtle on the Half-Shell: The Origin of Turtles (Odontochelys) 13. Walking Serpents: The Origin of Snakes (Haasiophis) 14. King of the Fish-Lizards: The Largest Marine Reptile (Shonisaurus) 15. Terror of the Seas: The Largest Sea Monster (Kronosaurus) 16. Monster Flesh-Eater: The Largest Predator (Giganotosaurus) 17. Land of the Giants: The Largest Land Animal (Argentinosaurus) 18. A Feather in Stone: The First Bird (Archaeopteryx) 19. Not Quite a Mammal: The Origin of Mammals (Thrinaxodon) 20. Walking Into the Water: The Origin of Whales (Ambulocetus) 21. Walking Manatees: The Origin of Sirenians (Pezosiren) 22. Dawn Horses: The Origin of Horses (Eohippus) 23. Rhinoceros Giants: The Largest Land Mammal (Paraceratherium) 24. The Ape's Reflection? The Oldest Human Fossil (Sahelanthropus) 25. Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds: The Oldest Human Skeleton (Australopithecus afarensis) Appendix: The Best Natural History Museums Index
£75.15
Columbia University Press Dr. Rips Essential Beach Book
Book Synopsis
£70.40
MH - Indiana University Press The White River Badlands
Trade ReviewThe authors do an excellent job of presenting the current state of knowledge, the result of 167 years of research. They provide a historical summary, put the White River sequence in a wide context, and offer environmental interpretations based on fossils, sediments, ancient soils, and other post-deposition processes. . . . Highly recommended. * Choice *In summary, this is a worthy successor to the work of O'Harra . . . It feels directed to the knowledgeable amateur or the specialist wanting an overview of the Badlands. . . . Job well done! * Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology *Anyone interested in Cenozoic vertebrates or episodes of climate change in the geologic past will find this a valuable reference. * Quarterly Review of Biology *Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsInstitutional Acronyms1. History of Paleontologic and Geologic Studies in the Big Badlands2. Sedimentary Geology of the Big Badlands3. Paleoenvironmental and Paleoclimatic Interpretations from Paleosols4. Post-depositional Processes and Erosion of the White River Badlands5. Bones that Turned to Stone: Systematics6. Death on the Landscape: Taphonomy and Paleoenvironments7. The Big Badlands in Space and Time8. National Park Service Policy and the Management of Fossil ResourcesBibliographyGlossaryIndex
£31.50
Yale University Press Geoarchaeology
Book SynopsisConsidering the history and theory of geoarchaeology, this book discusses soils and environmental interpretations; initial context and site formation; methods of discovery and spatial analyses; estimating time; and others. It is for all professionals and students interested in the field of geoarchaeology.Trade Review"Probably the most comprehensive treatise on geoarchaeology yet written."—Vance Haynes, University of Arizona -- Vance Haynes"Rapp and Hill provide the single most comprehensive guide to basic principles in the field of Geoarchaeology. The text is an essential resource for teaching earth science applications to undergraduate archaeologists."—Andrea Freeman, University of Calgary -- Andrea Freeman
£40.38
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Basin Analysis
Book SynopsisThe most complete reference in its field, this new edition of the leading basin analysis textbook retains the successful structure of previous editions, emphasizing relatively simple theory and models to give students a firm quantitative understanding of the topic.Table of ContentsCompanion website details x Preface to the third edition xi Part 1 The foundations of sedimentary basins 1 1 Basins in their geodynamic environment 3 Summary 3 1.1 Introduction and rationale 3 1.2 Compositional zonation of the Earth 6 1.2.1 Oceanic crust 6 1.2.2 Continental crust 7 1.2.3 Mantle 8 1.3 Rheological zonation of the Earth 8 1.3.1 Lithosphere 8 1.3.2 Sub-lithospheric mantle 10 1.4 Geodynamic background 10 1.4.1 Plate tectonics, seismicity and deformation 10 1.4.2 The geoid 12 1.4.3 Topography and isostasy 14 1.4.4 Heat flow 14 1.4.5 Cycles of plate reorganisation 15 1.5 Classification schemes of sedimentary basins 15 1.5.1 Basin-forming mechanisms 16 2 The physical state of the lithosphere 20 Summary 20 2.1 Stress and strain 21 2.1.1 Stresses in the lithosphere 21 2.1.2 Strain in the lithosphere 23 2.1.3 Linear elasticity 25 2.1.4 Flexure in two dimensions 27 2.1.5 Flexural isostasy 28 2.1.6 Effects of temperature and pressure on rock density 29 2.2 Heat flow 31 2.2.1 Fundamentals 31 2.2.2 The geotherm 31 2.2.3 Radiogenic heat production 33 2.2.4 Effect of erosion and sediment blanketing on the geotherm 36 2.2.5 Transient effects of erosion and deposition on the continental geotherm 37 2.2.6 Effect of variable thermal conductivity 38 2.2.7 Time-dependent heat conduction: the case of cooling oceanic lithosphere 39 2.2.8 Convection, the adiabat and mantle viscosity 41 2.3 Rock rheology and lithospheric strength profiles 43 2.3.1 Fundamentals on constitutive laws 43 2.3.2 Rheology of the mantle 44 2.3.3 Rheology of the continental crust 46 2.3.4 Strength profiles of the lithosphere 47 Part 2 The mechanics of sedimentary basin formation 51 3 Basins due to lithospheric stretching 53 Summary 53 3.1 Introduction 54 3.1.1 Basins of the rift–drift suite 54 3.1.2 Models of continental extension 54 3.2 Geological and geophysical observations in regions of continental extension 56 3.2.1 Cratonic basins 56 3.2.2 Rifts 60 3.2.3 Failed rifts 67 3.2.4 Continental rim basins 67 3.2.5 Proto-oceanic troughs 68 3.2.6 Passive continental margins 70 3.3 Uniform stretching of the continental lithosphere 72 3.3.1 The ‘reference’ uniform stretching model 72 3.3.2 Uniform stretching at passive continental margins 76 3.4 Modifications to the uniform stretching model 78 3.4.1 Protracted periods of rifting 78 3.4.2 Non-uniform (depth-dependent) stretching 80 3.4.3 Pure versus simple shear 83 3.4.4 Elevated asthenospheric temperatures 84 3.4.5 Magmatic activity 84 3.4.6 Induced mantle convection 85 3.4.7 Radiogenic heat production 86 3.4.8 Flexural compensation 86 3.4.9 The depth of necking 86 3.4.10 Phase changes 87 3.5 A dynamical approach to lithospheric extension 88 3.5.1 Generalities 88 3.5.2 Forces on the continental lithosphere 90 3.5.3 Rheology of the continental lithosphere 92 3.5.4 Numerical and analogue experiments on strain rate during continental extension 93 3.6 Estimation of the stretch factor and strain rate history 95 3.6.1 Estimation of the stretch factor from thermal subsidence history 95 3.6.2 Estimation of the stretch factor from crustal thickness changes 95 3.6.3 Estimation of the stretch factor from forward tectonostratigraphic modelling 96 3.6.4 Inversion of strain rate history from subsidence data 97 3.6.5 Multiple phases of rifting 97 4 Basins due to flexure 98 Summary 98 4.1 Basic observations in regions of lithospheric flexure 99 4.1.1 Ice cap growth and melting 99 4.1.2 Oceanic seamount chains 100 4.1.3 Flexure beneath sediment loads 101 4.1.4 Ocean trenches 103 4.1.5 Mountain ranges, fold-thrust belts and foreland basins 104 4.2 Flexure of the lithosphere: geometry of the defl ection 104 4.2.1 Deflection of a continuous plate under a point load (2D) or line load (3D) 104 4.2.2 Deflection of a broken plate under a line load 106 4.2.3 Deflection of a continuous plate under a distributed load 107 4.2.4 Bending stresses 108 4.3 Flexural rigidity of oceanic and continental lithosphere 109 4.3.1 Controls on the fl exural rigidity of oceanic lithosphere 109 4.3.2 Flexure of the continental lithosphere 111 4.4 Lithospheric buckling and in-plane stress 116 4.4.1 Theory: linear elasticity 116 4.4.2 Lithospheric buckling in nature and in numerical experiments 117 4.4.3 Origin of intraplate stresses 118 4.5 Orogenic wedges 118 4.5.1 Introduction to basins at convergent boundaries 118 4.5.2 The velocity fi eld at sites of plate convergence 120 4.5.3 Critical taper theory 120 4.5.4 Double vergence 125 4.5.5 Analogue models 127 4.5.6 Numerical approaches to orogenic wedge development 128 4.5.7 Low Péclet number intracontinental orogens 130 4.5.8 Horizontal in-plane forces during convergent orogenesis 130 4.6 Foreland basin systems 131 4.6.1 Introduction 131 4.6.2 Depositional zones 132 4.6.3 Diffusive models of mountain belt erosion and basin deposition 135 4.6.4 Coupled tectonic-erosion dynamical models of orogenic wedges 138 4.6.5 Modelling aspects of foreland basin stratigraphy 144 5 Effects of mantle dynamics 153 Summary 153 5.1 Fundamentals and observations 154 5.1.1 Introduction: mantle dynamics and plate tectonics 154 5.1.2 Buoyancy and scaling relationships: introductory theory 155 5.1.3 Flow patterns in the mantle 156 5.1.4 Seismic tomography 159 5.1.5 Plate mode versus plume mode 159 5.1.6 The geoid 162 5.2 Surface topography and bathymetry produced by mantle flow 164 5.2.1 Introduction: dynamic topography and buoyancy 164 5.2.2 Dynamic topography associated with subducting slabs 167 5.2.3 Dynamic topography associated with supercontinental assembly and dispersal 170 5.2.4 Dynamic topography associated with small-scale convection 173 5.2.5 Pulsing plumes 175 5.2.6 Hotspots, coldspots and wetspots 176 5.3 Mantle dynamics and magmatic activity 178 5.3.1 Melt generation during continental extension 179 5.3.2 Large igneous provinces 180 5.3.3 The northern North Atlantic and the Iceland plume 180 5.3.4 The Afar region, Ethiopia 180 5.4 Mantle dynamics and basin development 181 5.4.1 Topography, denudation and river drainage 181 5.4.2 Cratonic basins 183 5.4.3 The history of sea-level change and the fl ooding of continental interiors 183 6 Basins associated with strike-slip deformation 188 Summary 188 6.1 Overview 189 6.1.1 Geological, geomorphological and geophysical observations 189 6.1.2 Diversity of basins in strike-slip zones 193 6.2 The structural pattern of strike-slip fault systems 194 6.2.1 Structural features of the principal displacement zone (PDZ) 194 6.2.2 Role of oversteps 200 6.3 Basins in strike-slip zones 201 6.3.1 Geometric properties of pull-apart basins 201 6.3.2 Kinematic models for pull-apart basins 203 6.3.3 Continuum development from a releasing bend: evolutionary sequence of a pull-apart basin 206 6.3.4 Strike-slip deformation and pull-apart basins in obliquely convergent orogens 207 6.4 Modelling of pull-apart basins 209 6.4.1 Numerical models 209 6.4.2 Sandbox experiments: pure strike-slip versus transtension 215 6.4.3 Application of model of uniform extension to pull-apart basins 215 6.4.4 Pull-apart basin formation and thin-skinned tectonics: the Vienna Basin 216 6.5 Characteristic depositional systems 217 Part 3 The sedimentary basin-fill 223 7 The sediment routing system 225 Summary 225 7.1 The sediment routing system in basin analysis 226 7.2 The erosional engine 227 7.2.1 Weathering and the regolith 227 7.2.2 Terrestrial sediment and solute yields 233 7.2.3 BQART equations 243 7.2.4 Chemical weathering and global biogeochemical cycles 246 7.3 Measurements of erosion rates 246 7.3.1 Rock uplift, exhumation and surface uplift 246 7.3.2 Point-wise erosion rates from thermochronometers 247 7.3.3 Catchment-scale erosion rates from cosmogenic radionuclides 248 7.3.4 Catchment erosion rates using low-temperature thermochronometers 251 7.3.5 Erosion rates at different temporal and spatial scales 254 7.4 Channel-hillslope processes 256 7.4.1 Modelling hillslopes 256 7.4.2 Bedrock river incision 259 7.5 Long-range sediment transport and deposition 260 7.5.1 Principles of long-range sediment transport 260 7.5.2 Sediment transport in marine segments of the sediment routing system 263 7.5.3 Depositional sinks: sediment storage 265 7.5.4 Downstream fining 271 7.6 Joined-up thinking: teleconnections in source-to-sink systems 273 7.6.1 Provenance and tracers; detrital thermochronology 273 7.6.2 Mapping of the sediment routing system fairway 275 7.6.3 Landscape evolution models and response times 275 7.6.4 Interaction of axial and longitudinal drainage 282 8 Basin stratigraphy 284 Summary 284 8.1 A primer on process stratigraphy 285 8.1.1 Introduction 285 8.1.2 Accommodation, sediment supply and sea level 285 8.1.3 Simple 1D forward models from fi rst principles 286 8.2 Stratigraphic cycles: defi nition and recognition 289 8.2.1 The hierarchy from beds to megasequences 289 8.2.2 Forcing mechanisms 299 8.2.3 Unforced cyclicity 306 8.3 Dynamical approaches to stratigraphy 308 8.3.1 Carbonate stratigraphy 308 8.3.2 Siliciclastic stratigraphy 308 8.3.3 Shelf-edge and shoreline trajectories; clinoform progradation 310 8.4 Landscapes into rock 315 8.4.1 Stratigraphic completeness 315 8.4.2 Gating models 318 8.4.3 Hierarchies and upscaling 322 8.4.4 Magnitude-frequency relationships 324 9 Subsidence history 326 Summary 326 9.1 Introduction to subsidence analysis 327 9.2 Compressibility and compaction of porous sediments: fundamentals 327 9.2.1 Effective stress 328 9.2.2 Overpressure 328 9.3 Porosity and permeability of sediments and sedimentary rocks 330 9.3.1 Measurements of porosity in the subsurface 331 9.3.2 Porosity-depth relationships 333 9.3.3 Porosity and layer thicknesses during burial 334 9.4 Subsidence history and backstripping 335 9.4.1 Backstripping techniques 335 9.5 Tectonic subsidence signatures 339 10 Thermal history 343 Summary 343 10.1 Introduction 344 10.2 Theory: the Arrhenius equation and maturation indices 344 10.3 Factors influencing temperatures and paleotemperatures in sedimentary basins 345 10.3.1 Effects of thermal conductivity 345 10.3.2 Effects of internal heat generation in sediments 347 10.3.3 Effects of sedimentation rate and sediment blanketing 348 10.3.4 Effects of advective heat transport by fluids 349 10.3.5 Effects of surface temperature changes 349 10.3.6 Heat flow around salt domes 350 10.3.7 Heat flow around fractures 351 10.3.8 Heat flows around sills, dykes and underplates 351 10.3.9 Thermal effects of delamination 354 10.4 Measurements of thermal maturity in sedimentary basins 354 10.4.1 Estimation of formation temperature from borehole measurements 355 10.4.2 Organic indicators 355 10.4.3 Low-temperature thermochronometers 358 10.4.4 Mineralogical and geochemical indices 360 10.5 Application of thermal maturity measurements 361 10.5.1 Vitrinite refl ectance (Ro) profi les 361 10.5.2 Fission track age-depth relationships 366 10.5.3 Quartz cementation 366 10.6 Geothermal and paleogeothermal signatures of basin types 367 Part 4 Application to petroleum play assessment 371 11 Building blocks of the petroleum play 373 Summary 373 11.1 From basin analysis to play concept 374 11.2 The petroleum system and play concept 374 11.2.1 Play defi nition 374 11.2.2 The petroleum system 375 11.2.3 Definition and mapping of the play fairway 376 11.3 The source rock 379 11.3.1 The biological origin of petroleum 380 11.3.2 Source rock prediction 384 11.3.3 Detection and measurement of source rocks 391 11.4 The petroleum charge 393 11.4.1 Some chemical and physical properties of petroleum 393 11.4.2 Petroleum generation 395 11.4.3 Primary migration: expulsion from the source rock 396 11.4.4 Secondary migration: through carrier bed to trap 398 11.4.5 Alteration of petroleum 401 11.4.6 Tertiary migration: leakage to surface 402 11.5 The reservoir 402 11.5.1 Introduction 403 11.5.2 Reservoir properties: porosity and permeability 404 11.5.3 Primary or depositional factors affecting reservoir quality 404 11.5.4 Diagenetic changes to reservoir rocks 406 11.5.5 Reservoir architecture and heterogeneity 408 11.5.6 Carbonate reservoir quality in relation to sea-level change 410 11.5.7 Models for clay mineral early diagenesis in sandstone reservoirs 413 11.5.8 Fractures 413 11.6 The regional topseal 415 11.6.1 The mechanics of sealing 416 11.6.2 Factors affecting caprock effectiveness 416 11.6.3 The depositional settings of caprocks 417 11.7 The trap 419 11.7.1 Introduction: trap classification 419 11.7.2 Structural traps 420 11.7.3 Stratigraphic traps 430 11.7.4 Intrusive traps: injectites 432 11.7.5 Hydrodynamic traps 433 11.7.6 Timing of trap formation 433 11.8 Global distribution of petroleum resources 434 12 Classic and unconventional plays 436 Summary 436 12.1 Classic petroleum plays 437 12.1.1 Introduction 437 12.1.2 Niger Delta 437 12.1.3 Campos Basin, Brazil 439 12.1.4 Santos Basin pre-salt play, Brazil 440 12.1.5 Northwest Shelf, Australia (Dampier sub-basin) 441 12.2 Unconventional petroleum plays 442 12.2.1 Introduction 442 12.2.2 Tight gas 443 12.2.3 Shale gas 444 12.2.4 Coal seam gas 445 12.2.5 Gas hydrates 445 12.2.6 Oil sands and heavy oil 446 12.3 Geosequestration: an emerging application 449 Appendices: derivations and practical exercises 455 1 Rock density as a function of depth 457 2 Airy isostatic balance 459 3 Deviatoric stress at the edge of a continental block 461 4 Lateral buoyancy forces in the lithosphere 463 5 Derivation of flexural rigidity and the general flexure equation 465 6 Flexural isostasy 468 7 The 1D heat conduction equation 470 8 Derivation of the continental geotherm 472 9 Radiogenic heat production 473 10 Surface heat fl ow and the radiogenic contribution 475 11 Radiogenic heat production of various rock types 477 12 Effects of erosion and deposition on the geotherm 479 13 Effects of variable radiogenic heating and thermal conductivity on the geotherm in the basin-fill 481 14 The mantle adiabat and peridotite solidus 485 15 Lithospheric strength envelopes 487 16 Rift zones: strain rate, extension velocity and bulk strain 490 17 The ‘reference’ uniform extension model 492 18 Boundary conditions for lithospheric stretching 494 19 Subsidence as a function of the stretch factor 496 20 Inversion of the stretch factor from thermal subsidence data 497 21 Calculation of the instantaneous syn-rift subsidence 499 22 The transient temperature solution 501 23 Heat flow during uniform stretching using a Fourier series 503 24 The stretch factor for extension along crustal faults 505 25 Protracted rifting times during continental extension 507 26 Lithospheric extension and melting 508 27 Igneous underplating – an isostatic balance 509 28 Uniform stretching at passive margins 510 29 Flexure of continuous and broken plates 511 30 The time scale of fl exural isostatic rebound or subsidence 513 31 Flexural rigidity derived from uplifted lake paleoshorelines 515 32 Deflection under a distributed load – Jordan (1981) solution 516 33 Deflection under a distributed load – numerical solution of Wangen (2010) 517 34 Deflection under a periodic distributed load 519 35 Flexural unloading from a distributed load – the cantilever effect 520 36 Bending from multiple loads: the Hellenides and Apennines in central Italy–Albania 522 37 Flexural profiles, subsidence history and the flexural forebulge unconformity 524 38 Bending stresses in an elastic plate 525 39 In-plane forces and surface topography during orogenesis 527 40 The onset of convection 529 41 A global predictor for sediment discharge: the BQART equations 530 42 Modelling hillslopes 532 43 The sediment continuity (Exner) equation 534 44 Use of the stream power rule 535 45 Effects of tectonic uplift on stream longitudinal profiles 537 46 Estimation of the uplift rate from an area-slope analysis 539 47 Uplift history from stream profiles characterised by knickpoint migration 540 48 Sediment deposition using the heat equation 541 49 Axial versus transverse drainage 542 50 Downstream fining of gravel 545 51 Sinusoidal eustatic change superimposed on background tectonic subsidence 546 52 Isostatic effects of absolute sea-level change 547 53 Sea-level change resulting from sedimentation 548 54 The consolidation line 549 55 Relation between porosity and permeability – the Kozeny-Carman relationship 550 56 Decompaction 551 57 Backstripping 555 58 From decompaction to thermal history 556 59 Advective heat transport by fl uids 562 60 Heat flow in fractured rock 563 References 564 Index 603
£55.05
John Wiley & Sons Inc Groundwater Hydrology
Book SynopsisGroundwater is a vital source of water throughout the world. As the number of groundwater investigations increase, it is important to understand how to develop comprehensive quantified conceptual models and appreciate the basis of analytical solutions or numerical methods of modelling groundwater flow. Groundwater Hydrology: Conceptual and Computational Models describes advances in both conceptual and numerical modelling. It gives insights into the interpretation of field information, the development of conceptual models, the use of computational models based on analytical and numerical techniques, the assessment of the adequacy of models, and the use of computational models for predictive purposes. It focuses on the study of groundwater flow problems and a thorough analysis of real practical field case studies. It is divided into three parts: * Part I deals with the basic principles, including a summary of mathematical descriptions of groundwater flow, recharge estimTrade Review"...well written and structured...a comprehensive and thorough reference source...highly recommended for anyone in the business..." (Circulation - N'ltr of British Hydrological Soc, Feb 2004) "...delighted to have this book on my shelf and it is already becoming well thumbed...no hesitation in recommending it..." (Geoscientist, May 2004) "The information and techniques presented in this book provide illuminating guidelines and application directions for practicing hydrogeologists, geohydrologists and water resource engineers." (Hydrological Sciences Journal, Feb 2005, Vol 50 (1))Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. PART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES. 2. Background to Groundwater Flow. 3. Recharge due to Precipitation or Irrigation. 4. Interaction between Surface Water and Groundwater. PART II: RADIAL FLOW. 5. Radial Flow to Pumped Boreholes – Fundamental Issues. 6. Large Diameter Wells. 7. Radial Flow where Vertical Components of Flow are Significant. 8. Practical Issues of Interpretation and Assessing Resources. PART III: REGIONAL GROUNDWATER FLOW. 9. Regional Groundwater Studies in which Transmissivity is Effectively Constant. 10. Regional Groundwater Flow in Multi-Aquifer Systems. 11. Regional Groundwater Flow with Hydraulic Conductivity Varying with Saturated Thickness. 12. Numerical Modelling Insights. Appendix: Computer Program for Two-zone Model. List of Symbols. References. Index.
£127.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Groundwater Modeling wWS and
Book SynopsisModeling the occurrence and behaviour of groundwater is a critical aspect to any groundwater studies, whether they're being done to plan a clean-up project or in the preliminary site studies for a planned future development. This book defines what GIS is, how to perform it, and how to use GIS technology in modeling groundwater.Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Flow Modeling. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Areal Extent of a Model. 1.3 Hydrological Boundaries to the Model. 1.4 Compilation of Geological Information. 1.4.1 Unconsolidated Environments. 1.4.2 Consolidated Rocks. 1.4.3 Metamorphic Rocks. 1.4.4 Igneous Rocks. 1.4.5 Representation of Geological Units. 1.5 Compilation of Hydrological Information. 1.5.1 Geohydrological Parameters. 1.5.2 Boundary Conditions. 1.5.3 Stresses. 1.6 Water-Table Condition. 1.6.1 Near-Surface Aquifer Zone. 1.6.2 Sharp-Interface Approximation of the Water Table. 1.6.3 Variably Saturated Water-Table Formulation. 1.6.4 Comparison of the Sharp-Interface and Variably Saturated Formulations. 1.7 Physical Dimensions of the Model. 1.7.1 Vertical Integration of the Flow Equation. 1.7.2 Free-Surface Condition. 1.8 Model Size. 1.9 Model Discretization. 1.9.1 Finite-Difference Approximations. 1.9.2 Finite-Element Approximations. 1.9.3 Two-Space Dimensional Approximations. 1.10 Finite-Difference Approximation to the Flow Equation. 1.10.1 Model Boundary Conditions. 1.10.2 Model Initial Conditions. 1.11 Finite-Element Approximation to the Flow Equation. 1.11.1 Boundary Conditions. 1.11.2 Initial Conditions. 1.12 Parameters. 1.13 Fractured and Cavernous Media. 1.14 Model Stresses. 1.14.1 Well Discharge or Recharge. 1.14.2 Rainfall. 1.14.3 Multiple Stress Periods. 1.15 Finite-Element Mesh. 1.16 Simulation. 1.16.1 Solution Algorithm. 1.16.2 Bandwidth. 1.16.3 Running PTC. 1.17 Output. 1.18 Calibration. 1.18.1 Model Building Guidelines. 1.18.2 Model Evaluation Guidelines. 1.18.3 Additional Data-Collection and Model Development Guidelines. 1.18.4 Uncertainty-Evaluation Guidelines. 1.18.5 Some Rules of Thumb. 1.19 Production Runs. 1.20 Summary. References. 2 Transport Modeling. 2.1 Compilation of Water-Quality Information. 2.2 Physical Dimensions. 2.3 Model Size. 2.4 Transport Equation. 2.4.1 Equilibrium or Adsorption Isotherms. 2.4.2 Mass Flux. 2.4.3 Example of Retardation. 2.5 Chemical Reactions. 2.6 Model Boundary Conditions. 2.7 Finite-Element Approximation. 2.8 Boundary Conditions 2.8.1 First-Type Boundary Condition. 2.8.2 Second-Type Boundary Condition. 2.8.3 Third-Type Boundary Condition. 2.9 Initial Conditions. 2.10 Model Parameters. 2.11 Model Stresses. 2.12 Running the Model. 2.13 Output. 2.14 Calibration. 2.15 Production Runs. 2.16 Summary. References. 3 Finite-Element versus Finite-Difference Simulation. 3.1 Elementary Application. 3.1.1 Groundwater Flow. 3.1.2 Groundwater Transport. 3.2 Comparison of Methods. 3.2.1 Graphical User Interfaces. 3.2.2 Model Formulation and Implementation. 3.2.3 Groundwater Flow. 3.2.4 Groundwater Transport. 3.3 Summary. Index.
£108.86
John Wiley & Sons Inc Surveying the Courtroom
Book SynopsisAn outstanding reference that demystifies the legal process forexpert witnesses in land and natural resource disputes A vast and complex body of laws surrounds the ownership anddisposition of land resources today--so it is no wonder that landexperts who assist in land and natural resource disputes often findthemselves grappling with the challenging intricacies of the modernlegal process. This book offers a vital road map through thelabyrinth of civil laws and procedures that professionals whoassist in such cases must navigate. In Surveying the Courtroom, Second Edition, John Briscoeexplains--in plain English--all pertinent rules of evidence andprocedure. From the filing of a complaint to its resolution, heguides you through each phase of a land or natural resourcelawsuit, clearly describing the land expert''s role at each stepalong the way. He supplies numerous fascinating and instructivecase studies and vignettes to illustrate his points and to betterprepare you for Trade ReviewThere are many business and professional subjects that the modern surveyor is required to be competent in or knowledgeable about in order to be successful (let alone licensed). There are ancient and fundamental issues such as making and analyzing measurements and conducting research for boundary location. There are business issues such as new developments in software and equipment. Lastly, there are practice issues related to governmental agencies such as local land development regulations or state wetlands rules. Good training is available on all of these topics. But there is one subject in the business of land surveying that receives much press, in this magazine and others, that for which one can find little, if any training-that is, testifying in court, and the related workings of courts. Surveyors on the Witness Stand I go to court several times a year to testify either on civil matters concerning my employer's interests in land, or regarding the location of criminal matters that may have occurred in the city. I was not aware that testifying in court was included in the job description of a surveyor. The subject was never mentioned during the interview. I was greatly surprised (and ill-prepared) when I received the first in a long list of subpoenas. In order to prepare for my first time on the witness stand, I called some friends who regularly testify as part of their practices. They told me not to panic, to be thoroughly familiar with my work, and to just answer the lawyer's questions. I called the lawyer who subpoenaed me and heard roughly the same words. I took their advice and my part in the trial was over quickly, but I knew I displayed nervousness out of all proportion to the small part I played. I wished I had some training on the subject; I wish I had read John Briscoe's book. Surveying the Courtroom was written with two primary objectives in mind. First, to give the reader an acquaintance with courtroom rules and procedures for handling evidence, and the second, to show and explain how well "engineered" the legal process is for determining facts and resolutions. The author is a California attorney who seems to sincerely enjoy his work. He writes with enthusiasm and wit and displays open admiration for the capability of legal proceedings to find and solve problems. His examples are well-chosen and the sometimes humorous quotes he includes from literary figures and famous jurists keep the presentation of the technical material lively. The book may have come to your attention in the past. It was originally published by Landmark Enterprises back in the 1980s and was regarded then as a book specific to California. The author tells us in the current edition that due to a wider adoption of federal rules of evidence by more states, the book is now applicable in 40 of the 50 states. The states that do not adhere to the rules and procedures described in the book are Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Kansas, Illinois, Missouri, New Jersey, and Virginia. Even though I reside and practice in one of the states that does not use federal rules, I found the book to be nonetheless useful and enlightening. Two Main Sections Surveying the Courtroom is divided into two main sections. The first is on the rules of evidence and the second is on the procedures of civil cases. The section on rules of evidence contains chapters on relevance, documentary evidence, hearsay, personal knowledge, proof, presumptions, privileges, judicial notice, and opinions. The section on civil trials has chapters on pleadings and motions, discovery, trial, and post trial proceedings. It also has appendices on depositions and certification of documents. This is an immense amount of material to be contained in a mere 200 pages. However, the author states clearly that his goal is to have surveyors become more acquainted with the courtroom, not to become experts on it. Most of us would be satisfied with just a simple understanding of the activity taking place around us. It is the general explanation of how courts and lawyers operate that makes this book so appealing to me. Its specifics may not apply to my state but the generalities do. After reading it I have a better idea of what is happening and why, and I can ask more informed questions of the lawyers on "my side." After all, I know how the city council does its business and I understand the role of various boards and commissions in land development work. Why shouldn't I have the same level of appreciation of the workings of the court? I think most licensed surveyors will find this to be a useful book to have around the office. --Professional Surveyor Magazine, May 2001 Volume 21, Number 5 (Patrick Toscano is the City Surveyor for New Britain, Connecticut, and the Book Review Editor for the magazine)Table of ContentsTHE RULES OF EVIDENCE. Relevance. Documentary Evidence. The Rule Against Hearsay, or, Perhaps, the Rules PermittingHearsay. The Rule Requiring Personal Knowledge. Of Proof and Other Burdens. Presumptions. Privileges: Must the President's Wife Tesify Also? How to Prove the Earth Is Round: The Notion of JudicialNotice. The Opinion Rule and Expert Testimony. THE PROCEDURE OF A CIVIL CASE. The Pleading and Motion Stages. The Age of Discovery. Trial. Post-Trial Proceedings in the Trial and Appellate Courts. Appendices. Table of Cases. Index. Postscript.
£75.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Applied Contaminant Transport Modeling Second
Book SynopsisThe challenges facing groundwater scientists and engineers today demand expertise in a wide variety of disciplines-geology, hydraulics, geochemistry, geophysics, and biology.Trade Review"Introduces theory...then applies...to practical contaminant transport problems." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2002) "...well-written, lucid, well-structured, informative, thorough, and above all provides a good balance between theoretical rigor and practical model application...a must for a hydrogeologist's and transport specialist's bookshelf..." (Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 32, July-August 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. Preface to the First Edition. 1. Introduction. PART 1: CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES. 2. Darcy's Law and Advective Transport. 3. Dispersive Transport and Mass Transfer. 4. Transport with Chemical Reactions. 5. Mathematical Model and Analytical Solutions. 6. Simulation of Advective Transport. 7. Simulation of Advective-Dispersive Transport. 8. Simulation of Nonequilibrium Processes and Reactive Transport. PART 2: FIELD APPLICATIONS. 9. A Framework for Model Applications. 10. Building a Contaminant Transport Model. 11. Model Input Parameters. 12. Model Calibration and Sensitivity Analysis. 13. Dealing with Uncertainty. 14. Contaminant Transport Modeling: Case Studies. PART 3: ADVANCED TOPICS. 15. Simulation of Density-Dependent Flow and Transport. 16. Simulation of Flow and Transport in the Vadose Zone. 17. Optimal Management of Groundwater Quality. Appendix A: Darcy's Law and the Variable-Density Flow Equation. Appendix B: Application of Stream Functions to Groundwater Flows. Appendix C: Information on Groundwater Modeling Software. References. Index.
£158.35
Wiley-Blackwell Robust Regression and Outlier Detection
Book SynopsisThis comprehensive book provides readers with an applications--oriented introduction to robust regression and outlier detection - emphasising A"high--breakdownA" methods which can cope with a sizeable fraction of contamination. Its self--contained treatment allows readers to skip the mathematical material, which is concentrated in a few sections.Trade Review"…a wonderful book about methods of identifying outliers and then developing robust regression." (Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, July 2005)Table of Contents1. Introduction. 2. Simple Regression. 3. Multiple Regression. 4. The Special Case of One-Dimensional Location. 5. Algorithms. 6. Outlier Diagnostics. 7. Related Statistical Techniques. References. Table of Data Sets. Index.
£124.15
John Wiley & Sons Inc Engineering Geology
Book SynopsisUsing an engineera s perspective, it offers a concrete account of the basic facts and experiences regarding the behavior of different rock types in engineering construction. Details geological exploration techniques, stressing drilling and logging core samples.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Geology Chapter 3 Geological Investigations Chapter 4 Shales, Sandstones, and Associated Rocks Chapter 5 Soluble Rocks: Limestone, Dolomite, and Evaporites Chapter 6 Plutonic Igneous Rocks Chapter 7 Volcanism and Volcanic Rocks Chapter 8 Metamorphic Rocks Chapter 9 Rock Structure and Fault Activity
£206.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Mapping of Geological Structures
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAcknowledgements. Introduction. Mapping Techniques. Fold Structures. Foliations. Linear Structures. Faults and Shear Zones. Joint, Veins, and Stylolites. Polyphase Deformation. First Steps in Overall Interpretation and Analysis. References and Further Reading. Appendices.
£92.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Solute Modelling in Catchment Systems
Book SynopsisThis monograph provides a synopsis of developments in the solute modelling of catchment ecosystems. The volume stresses the influences of weathering, ecosystems processes and hydrological processes as well as the application of models and modelling principles.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: OVERVIEWS. Overview of Solute Modelling (J. Ball & S. Trudgill). Basic Principles of Frequently Used Models (P. Warfvinge). WEATHERING AND SOILS IN SOLUTE MODELLING. Biogeochemical Modelling of Small Catchments Using PROFILE and SAFE(H. Sverdup, et al.). Methods for Modelling Solute Movement in Structured Soils (A.Armstrong, et al.). ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES IN SOLUTE MODELLING. Predicting Nitrate Concentrations in Small Catchment Streams (M.Whelan, et al.). Interactions of Ecosystem Processes and Weathering Processes (M.Velbel). HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDROCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN SOLUTE MODELLING. Soil Water Isotopic Residence Time Modelling (P. Unnikrishna, etal.). Isotope Tracers of Water and Solute Sources in Catchments (C.Kendall, et al.). SOLUTE MODELS. Linking Mixing Techniques to a Hydrological Framework--An UplandApplication (A. Robson, et al.). Contaminant Transport Component of the Catchment Modelling SystemSHETRAN (J. Ewen). MODEL UTILITY. Catchment-Scale Solute Modelling in a Management Context (M.Newson). Appendix. Indexes.
£296.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Steepland Geomorphology
Book SynopsisSteepland geomorphology concerns landscapes which are either active tectonically or influenced by volcanism. Using case studies, this text illustrates the differing conceptual frameworks that can be used to model and manage such unstable and variable regions.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: On Appraising Classical Models of Landscape Evolution for PassiveContinental Margins (A. Gilchrist). Debris Transfer and Sedimentary Environments: Alpine GlaciatedAreas (P. Johnson). Slope Erosion Processes in the Alps (M. Becht). The Dynamics of Rock Glaciers: Data From Trollaskagi, North Iceland(W. Whalley, et al.). Stratified Slope Deposits: The Stone-Banked Sheets and Lobes Model(P. Bertran, et al.). Neotectonics and Large-Scale Gravitational Phenomena in theUmbria-Marche Apennines, Italy (F. Dramis, et al.). Surface Erosional Environment and Pond Sediment Information (K.Kashiwaya, et al.). Estimating Long-Term Rockfall Accretion Rates by Lichenometry (B.Luckman & C. Fiske). Index.
£359.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Geomorphology and Groundwater
Book SynopsisGeomorphology and Groundwater is an up-to-the-minute collection dealing with the overlap between geomorphology and hydrogeology. These two disciplines have much to offer each other in several fields such as river groundwater interactions, the location and evolution of aquifers, karst and landform evolution. There is increasing realisation that groundwater plays an important role in many geomorphological processes and of the utility of geomorphological techniques and ideas in the analysis of groundwater systems. The authors contributing to this volume are drawn from a wide variety of backgrounds and include research geomorphologists, engineers and consulting hydrogeologists. Much of the work reported here applies to or has immediate applications to such environmental problems as arid-zone water supply, groundwater pollution, wetland conservation, fisheries management and landscape protection. As such this book will be of value not only to researchers in the respective fields, but to allTable of ContentsGeomorphology and Groundwater: Convergence and Diversification (A.Brown & C. Bradley). Groundwater Flow and Quality in an Alluvial Aquifer Recharged fromRiver Bank Infiltration, Torgau Basin, Germany (T. Grischek, etal.). Shallow Groundwater Modelling and the Overbank Contribution to aSmall Floodplain Bog (C. Bradley & A. Brown). Assessing River-Aquifer Interactions Within the Hyporheic Zone (I.Maddock, et al.). Landform-Groundwater Interactions in the Gwenlais Karst, SouthWales (P. Hardwick & J. Gunn). The Origin and Age of Karstic Depressions in the Darwin-KoolpinyahArea of the Northern Territory of Australia (M. McFarlane, etal.). Karst and Pseudokarst: An Artificial Distinction? (P. Younger & J. Stunell). Bils and the Barind Aquifer, Bangladesh (K. Ahmed & W.Burgess). Groundwater Recharge and Outflow Patterns in a Dunefield of NorthEast Nigeria (R. Carter). Hydrogeological Provinces in Central Sudan: Morphostructural andHydrogeomorphological Controls (J. Burke). Index.
£321.26
Wiley Aeolian Environments Sediments and Landforms
Book SynopsisBased on keynote addresses presented at the International Aeolian Conference in Oxford in July 1998, this book is the latest title in the British Geomorphological Research Group series.Trade Review"...a handsome and invaluable resource." "...would certainly recommend..." (Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol 15/6, 2000) "...recommend it to all geographers and geologists...from the specialist to the occasional seeker of information on the topic." (New Phytologist, Vol 147, 2000) "the volume will be an excellent source for graduate students and professionals" (Progress in Physical Geography, Vol. 25 No.3, 2001)Table of ContentsThe History of Desert Dune Studies over the Last 100 Years (A. Goudie). Recent Investigations of Airflow and Sediment Transport Over Desert Dunes (W. Nickling & C. Neuman). Geomorphology of Desert Sand Seas (N. Lancaster). Coastal Dune Dynamics: Problems and Prospects (B. Bauer & D. Sherman). Coastal and Continental Dune Management into the Twenty-first Century (D. Thomas). Physics of Aeolian Movement Emphasising Changing of the Aerodynamic Roughness Height by Saltating Grains (the Owen Effect) (D. Gillette). Wind Erosion of Agricultural Land (J. Leys). Wind Erosional Landforms: Yardangs and Pans (A. Goudie). Dust Transport and Deposition (G. McTainsh). Loess (K. Pye & D. Sherwin). The Aeolian Rock Record (G. Kocurek). Dune Palaeoenvironments (V. Tchakerian). Luminescence Dating of Aeolian and Coastal Sand and Silt Deposits: Applications and Implications (A. Singhvi & A. Wintle). Conclusions (S. Stokes). Index.
£290.65
University of California Press RoughHewn Land
Book SynopsisTakes readers on a 1000-mile-long field trip back through more than 100 million years of deep time to explore America's most spectacular and scientifically intriguing landscapes. This title examines the evidence for how these rough-hewn lands came to be.Trade Review"The writing is so conversational that it's hard to believe this is science... Meldahl has captured the wonder, as well as the facts that produced it [the geologic world of the American West] in this vaguely unsettling (so much activity in what we depend on to be still and solid) and enlightening book." The Atlantic "Informative and highly readable, "Rough-Hewn Land" belongs on the shelf of any Westerner curious about how that stunning view through the windshield came to be." -- Bettina Boxall Los Angeles Times Book Review "An absorbing book... A good introduction to the geology of the region." -- Ian Paulsen The Guardian "A unique and intriguing book that perfectly brings together an infectious passion for earth science, a down-to-earth writing style, and deep thinking about how geology affects the human experience." -- Josh Trapani Washington Ind Rev Of Bks "A magnificent volume... The broad coverage has something for every geologist, as well as anyone with an interest in the geography, geology, history, and development of the western United States." -- Gary D. Webster Geological Journal "A lively discussion, incorporating recent ideas, on the creation of one of the most dramatic landscapes on Earth ... a great introduction." -- Craig H. Jones Nature Geoscience "Landscapes tell stories, and Western North America has no shortage of geological sagas in the making. Keith Heyer Meldahl offers a fresh account of this gripping Earth epic in Rough-Hewn Land ... this is much more than just a geology guide to the region." -- Claire Peaslee High Country News "In taking us as armchair guests along his road trip from San Francisco, over the gold-laden Sierra Nevada, across the rolling topography of the Basin and Range to the summit of the Rocky Mountains, Meldahl has written a paean not only to the landscape, but to those who put its story together. And what an incredible story it is." -- David B. Williams Earth MagazineTable of ContentsPreface PART I: CALIFORNIA 1. Golden Gate 2. Mother Lode 3. Rivers of Gold 4. A Traverse across the Range of Light 5. Where Is the Edge of the North American Plate? PART II: THE BASIN AND RANGE AND THE GREAT BASIN 6. Where Rivers Die 7. The Growing Pains of Mountains 8. Wealth and Magma 9. Water and Salt 10. Evolution's Big Bang PART III: THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS 11. Range- Roving Rivers 12. Up from the Basement 13. At the Frontier Appendix I: Deep Time: Fathoming the Rock Record Appendix II: Seeing for Yourself Acknowledgments Notes Glossary Bibliography Figure Sources and Credits Index
£27.90
University of California Press Coasts in Crisis A Global Challenge
Book SynopsisTrade Review"This is an excellent introduction and a good launching point for further inquiry into understanding our planet’s coasts." * CHOICE *"Highly recommend[ed]. . . . to all coastal scientists, managers, and planners and anyone concerned about the future of our extensive global coastlines. This book serves both as a comprehensive and artfully illustrated guide to the science behind coastal processes and hazards, and an environmental call to action to address the crisis we are facing for the majority of the world’s population." * Coastal Management *"A concise overview of current . . . knowledge of these threats, and is a valuable reference for anyone concerned about the well-being of coastal zones, particularly the next generation of planners and politicians." * Conservation Biology *Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments PART ONE. INTRODUCTION TO HUMANS AND COASTS 1. Human Settlement of the Coastal Zone PART TWO. NATURAL PROCESSES AND HAZARDS AFFECTING COASTAL REGIONS 2. Coastal Tectonics and Hazards 3. Tropical Cyclones, Hurricanes, and Typhoons 4. Storms, Waves, Coastal Erosion, and Shoreline Retreat 5. Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise PART THREE. IMPACTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON COASTS 6. Marine Pollution 7. Plastic and Marine Debris 8. Petroleum and the Coastal Zone 9. Coastal Power Plants 10. Renewable Energy from the Coastal Zone 11. Groundwater and Petroleum Withdrawal: Subsidence and Seawater Intrusion 12. Desalination: Fresh Water from the Ocean 13. Carbon Dioxide, Climate Change, and Ocean Acidification 14. Coral Reefs and Threats to Their Health and Survival 15. Fishing, Overfishing, and Aquaculture 16. Aquatic Invasive Species 17. Sand, Dams, and Beaches Index
£22.50
University of California Press Surf Sand and Stone
Book SynopsisSouthern California is sandwiched between two tectonic plates with an ever-shifting boundary. Over the last several million years, movements of these plates have dramatically reshuffled the Earth's crust to create rugged landscapes and seascapes riven with active faults. Movement along these faults triggers earthquakes and tsunamis, pushes up mountains, and lifts sections of coastline. Over geologic time, beaches come and go, coastal bluffs retreat, and the sea rises and falls.Nothing about Southern California's coast is stable. Surf, Sand, and Stone tells the scientific story of the Southern California coast: its mountains, islands, beaches, bluffs, surfing waves, earthquakes, and related phenomena. It takes readers from San Diego to Santa Barbara, revealing the evidence for how the coast's features came to be and how they are continually changing. With a compelling narrative and clear illustrations, Surf, Sand, and Stone outlines how the coast will be altered in the future and how Trade Review"With a compelling narrative and clear illustrations, Surf, Sand, and Stone outlines how the coast will be altered in the future and how we can best prepare for it." -- Ian Paulsen, * Birdbooker Report *"Meldahl is a fine writer, easing his readers into difficult concepts gently, explaining them fully, providing excellent illustrations with fully explanatory captions and using the imagery of the everyday to make difficult concepts seem less so." * Geological Journal *"Reading Meldahl’s Surf, Sand, and Stone brought back to me the thrill I felt when discovering geography. . . . Meldahl has a terrific gift for explaining complex processes in accessible language, and the presentation feels honed to a pedagogic razor’s edge by years of lecturing to intelligent surfer-students in Orange County. The book includes dozens of useful maps, photos, and diagrams." * Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers *Table of ContentsPreface1. Time, Faults, and Moving Plates: A Recipe for Southern California2. Tsunamis3. Earthquakes4. Disassembling Southern California5. Waves and Surfing6. Beaches and Coastal Bluffs7. Sea-Level Changes and the Ice AgesAfterwordAcknowledgmentsAppendix: Seeing for YourselfGlossaryNotes on SourcesBibliographyIndex
£18.90
University of California Press Gaslighted How the Oil and Gas Industry
Book SynopsisTrade Review"A quick and engaging read, Gaslighted is of particular interest to researchers studying gender, work, and organizations, and is accessible for undergraduate students and those working in industry." * Social Forces *"Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates. Graduate students, faculty, and professionals." * CHOICE *"Gaslighted makes an important contribution to understanding the reinforcement of inequality in gendered and racialized organizations. . . . An excellent book that exposes the mechanisms that reinforce the many forms of inequality in organizational settings." * Gender and Society *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments 1. Gender, Geology, and the Oil and Gas Industry 2. The Oil and Gas Pipeline 3. The Stayers 4. Voluntary Separations 5. Corporate Downsizing 6. Organizational Gaslighting Methodological Appendix Notes References Illustration Credits Index
£64.00
John Wiley and Sons Ltd The Landforms of England and Wales
Book SynopsisFrom the heights of the Fells and Snowdonia to the flat fenlands of East Anglia, from the bleakness of Dartmoor to the abundance of the Weald - England and Wales show a variety of landscape unparalleled in the world. In this book Andrew Goudie describes how and why such a complexity of landforms evolved, covering the region''s history from the earliest times to the present. Fully illustrated with line drawings, maps an dphotographs, and written by one of the foremost scholars of his generation, this is a book that will both inform and entertain.Trade Review"A new landmark in the field ... geomorphologists will find this book too useful to leave the bookshop without it". Progress in Physical Geography "Andrew Goudie manages to combine scholarship and scientific analysis of a high order with a fluent prose style and attractive illustration. The result is a book which can be enjoyed by anyone with some basic geological knowledge." Geological Magazine "Required reading for anyone seeking to understand the geomorphology of England and Wales." Times Higher Educational Supplement "The most balanced descriptive account of the geomorphology of England and Wales that has yet appeared." Environment and Planning ATable of ContentsLong-term chronology; glaciation; periglaciation; rocks and relief; rivers; slopes and mass movements; karst; the coastline; the human impact.
£55.05
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Mathematics
Book SynopsisThis work aims to teach simple mathematics using geological examples to illustrate mathematical ideas. This approach emphasizes the relevance of mathematics to geology, helps to motivate the reader and gives examples of mathematical concepts in a context familiar to the reader.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Mathematics as a tool for solving geological problems. 2. Common relationships between geological variables. 3. Equations and how to manipulate them. 4. More advanced equation manipulation. 5. Trigonometry. 6. More about graphs. 7. Statistics. 8. Differential calculus. 9. Integral calculus. Appendix A - useful equations. Appendix B - answers to problems. Index
£65.66
Princeton University Press Volcanoes in Human History The FarReaching
Book SynopsisTells the story of nine volcanic events, explaining the related geology for the general reader and exploring the ways in which the earth's volcanism has affected human history. This book describes how volcanic activity has had long-lasting effects on societies, cultures, and the environment.Trade Review"Does the world need another book about volcanic eruptions and the havoc they wreak? The answer, for this book, is an emphatic 'yes,' especially for the general reader. [B]esides being interesting to read, Volcanoes in Human History clearly demonstrates that volcanism, and geology as a whole, should not be of concern only to geologists and that history is important."--Sally Newcomb, Isis "The authors have applied their geologic knowledge and experience, along with solid research, to produce an accessible book on volcanoes."--Library Journal "In clear prose aimed to include general readers, the authors make the case for the social consequences set in motion by large volcanic eruptions as both wide-ranging and long-lived."--Choice "A detailed and vivid account of the fiery relationship between the Earth and its surface dwellers."--The GuardianTable of ContentsForeword by Robert D. Ballard ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Table of Conversion xvii Chapter 1: Volcanism: Origins and Consequences 1 SIDEBAR: DATING OF VOLCANIC EVENTS Chapter 2: The Hawaiian Islands and the Legacy of Pelee the Fire Goddess 22 Chapter 3: The Bronze Age Eruption of Thera: Destroyer of Atlantis and Minoan Crete? 47 Chapter 4: The Eruption of Vesuvius in 79 C.E.: Cultural Reverberations through the Ages 74 Chapter 5: Iceland: Coming Apart at the Seams 108 Chapter 6: The Eruption of Tambora in 1815 and "the Year without a Summer" 138 SIDEBAR: MOUNT TOBA: BIGGER THAN TAMBORA Chapter 7: Krakatu, 1883: Devastation, Death, and Ecologic Revival 157 SIDEBAR: THE GHOSTS OF MERAPI Chapter 8: The 1902 Eruption of Mount Pelee: A Geological Catastrophe with Political Overtones 186 SIDEBAR: MOUNT PELEE AND THE PANAMA CANAL Chapter 9: Tristan da Cunba in 1961: Exile to the Twentieth Century 209 Chapter 10: Mount St. Helens in 1980: Catastrophe in the Cascades 228 Afterword 250 Glossary 251 Notes and References 261 Selected Bibliography 279 Index 281
£28.80
Princeton University Press Chemical Biomarkers in Aquatic Ecosystems
Book SynopsisLooks at the application of chemical biomarkers to aquatic ecosystems. This book describes the structure, biochemical synthesis, analysis, and reactivity of each class of biomarkers. It offers a selection of relevant applications to aquatic systems, including lakes, rivers, estuaries, oceans, and paleoenvironments.Trade Review"Bianchi and Canuel have teamed up to create a comprehensive work on chemical biomarkers in aquatic ecosystems... [T]he first textbook of its kind."--Choice "Chemical Biomarkers in Aquatic Ecosystems is a significant contribution to the field of organic biogeochemistry... The combined discussions of both the biochemical formation of the biomarkers, as well as of their utility as process indicators is of particular importance and almost unique to this book. Thus, the reader will be able to understand the biogeochemical basis for the use of these compounds as biomarkers, rather than taking their applicability on faith. This alone is a significant difference between this book and all others, and puts Chemical Biomarkers in Aquatic Systems in a class of its own."--Josef P. Werne, American MineralogistTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xix Chapter 1. Metabolic Synthesis 1 Chapter 2. Chemical Biomarker Applications to Ecology and Paleoecology 19 Chapter 3. Stable Isotopes and Radiocarbon 30 Chapter 4. Analytical Chemical Methods and Instrumentation 49 Chapter 5. Carbohydrates: Neutral and Minor Sugars 79 Chapter 6. Proteins: Amino Acids and Amines 98 Chapter 7. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Tools 127 Chapter 8. Lipids: Fatty Acids 144 Chapter 9. Isoprenoid Lipids: Steroids, Hopanoids, and Triterpenoids 169 Chapter 10. Lipids: Hydrocarbons 185 Chapter 11. Lipids: Alkenones, Polar Lipids, and Ether Lipids 207 Chapter 12. Photosynthetic Pigments: Chlorophylls, Carotenoids, and Phycobilins 221 Chapter 13. Lignins, Cutins, and Suberins 248 Chapter 14. Anthropogenic Markers 267 Appendix I. Atomic Weights of Elements 287 Appendix II. Useful SI Units and Conversion Factors 291 Appendix III. Physical and Chemical Constants 293 Glossary 295 Bibliography 309 Index 385
£103.70
Princeton University Press Global Environment
Book SynopsisDiscusses the major elements of the geochemical cycles and global fluxes found in the atmosphere, land, lakes, rivers, biota, and oceans, as well as the human effects on these fluxes. This book offers presentation of major advances in the study of chemical weathering. It provides global coverage of environmental problems involving water.Trade Review"This second edition of a useful book by distinguished authors Elizabeth Berner and Robert Berner surveys the status of the terrestrial environment from the standpoint of cycles of material and energy... Global Environment can also serve as a reliable, detailed introduction to environmental science for master's-level practitioners in the field. Well edited with an admirable consistency of writing style and viewpoint."--Choice "This well-written book is easy to read. It goes into just the right amount of detail; with the exception of trace elements! The authors have presented wide-ranging references providing the interested readers with more details for further investigation. The authors have followed a multidisciplinary approach in the whole book which makes it beneficial for students who major in Environmental Earth Sciences, Geology, Geochemistry, Biogeochemistry and the associated fields. Besides, this book is of reference value for researchers and graduate students."--Armaghan Attar, International Journal of Environmental StudiesTable of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition xiii Chapter 1. Introduction to the Global Environment: The Water and Energy Cycles and Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation 1 Introduction 1 The Global Water Cycle 2 Major Water Masses 2 Fluxes between Reservoirs 2 Geographic Variations in Precipitation and Evaporation 4 The Energy Cycle 7 Introduction 7 Radiation and Energy Balance 7 Variations in Solar Radiation: The Atmospheric and Oceanic Heat Engine 11 Circulation of the Atmosphere 14 Oceanic Circulation 16 Introduction 16 Wind-Driven (Shallow) Circulation 17 Coastal Upwelling 19 Thermohaline (Deep) Circulation 19 Chapter 2. Air Chemistry: The Greenhouse Effect and the Ozone Hole 24 Atmospheric Gases 24 Carbon Dioxide 26 Present and Future CO2 and the Surficial Carbon Cycle 26 Past CO2 Levels 36 Other Greenhouse Gases: Methane, Nitrous Oxide 39 Other Greenhouse Gases: Halogens and Tropospheric Ozone 46 Radiative Forcing by Anthropogenic Factors 47 Climatic Effects of Radiative Forcing: Climate Sensitivity, Global Warming, and Hydrologic Changes 48 Observed Changes in Temperature and Atmospheric Circulation 50 Observed Changes in the Water Cycle: Water Vapor, Precipitation, Streamflow, and Storms 52 Observed Changes in Ice, Sea Level and the Oceans 54 Predictions for Future Climate Change 57 Aerosols 59 Aerosol Cloud Effects 60 Types of Aerosols 61 Gaseous Emissions 62 Sulfate Aerosols 62 Black Carbon Aerosols 63 Organic Carbon Aerosols 65 Biomass Burning Aerosols 65 Nitrate Aerosols 65 Mineral Dust Aerosols 66 Sea-Salt Aerosols 67 Surface Dimming by Aerosols 68 Aerosols and the Hydrologic Cycle 68 Black Carbon Aerosols and Snow Cover 69 Ozone and the Ozone Hole 69 Stratospheric Ozone: The Ozone Hole 70 Tropospheric Ozone: Air Pollution 76 Chapter 3. Air Chemistry: Rainwater, Acid Rain, and the Atmospheric Cycles of Sulfur and Nitrogen 79 Introduction 79 Formation of Rain (and Snow) 80 Water Vapor in the Atmosphere 80 Condensation 83 Sublimation 84 Rain (and Snow) Formation 84 Air Motion in Cloud Formation 85 Chemical Composition of Rainwater: General Characteristics 85 Cl-, Na+, Mg++, Ca++ and K+ in Rain 92 Gases and Rain 102 Sulfate in Rain: The Atmospheric Sulfur Cycle 102 Sea-Salt Sulfate 103 U.S. Sulfur Emissions 104 Conversion of Sulfur Dioxide to Sulfate in Rain 107 Biogenic Reduced Sulfur 108 Other Sulfur Sources: Biomass Burning, Volcanism, and Soil Dust 109 Sulfur Deposition on Land 110 Anthropogenic Sulfur Deposition in the United States 111 Atmospheric Sulfur Cycle: Human Perturbation 113 Radiative Forcing from Sulfate Aerosol 115 The Atmospheric Nitrogen Cycle and Nitrogen in Rain 116 N2, Nitrogen Fixation, Denitrification, and Total Nitrogen Fluxes 116 Nitrogen Cycle: Anthropogenic Changes and Climate 120 Atmospheric Nox and Nitrate in Rain 120 Nitrate in Rain: Anthropogenic Sources 123 Nitrate Deposition in Rain and the Nitrate-Nitrogen Cycle 126 Ammonium in Rain: Atmospheric Ammonium-Nitrogen Cycle 130 Ammonium in Rain 133 Reactive N Deposition 135 Acid Rain 137 The pH of Natural Rainwater 138 Acid Rain from Pollution 140 Acid Rain in Europe 141 Acid Rain in the United States from 1955 to 1985 142 Acid Deposition Changes in the United States from 1980 to 2007 144 Acid Rain in Other Parts of the World 145 Distinguishing Naturally Acid Rain from That Due to Pollution 146 Effects of Acid Rain 149 Chapter 4. Chemical Weathering: Minerals, Plants, and Water Chemistry 151 Introduction 151 Biogeochemical Cycling in Forests 153 Soil Water and Microorganisms: Acid Production 158 Chemical Weathering 159 Minerals Involved in Weathering 159 Silicate Weathering Reactions: Secondary Mineral Formation 162 Mechanism of Silicate Dissolution 168 Rate of Silicate Weathering 171 Silicate Weathering: Soil Formation 176 Carbonate Weathering 178 Sulfide Weathering 179 Groundwaters and Weathering 181 Garrels's Model for the Composition of Groundwaters from Igneous rocks 182 Chapter 5. Rivers 185 Introduction 185 Components of River Water 185 River Runoff 186 Major World Rivers 188 Suspended Matter in Rivers 190 Amount of Suspended Matter 190 Human Influence 195 Chemical Composition of Suspended Matter 198 Chemical Composition of Rivers 201 World Average River Water 201 Chemical Classification of Rivers 202 Relief and River-Water Composition 212 Major Dissolved Components of River Water 213 Chloride and Cyclic Salt 213 Sodium 216 Potassium 217 Calcium and Magnesium 219 Bicarbonate (HCO3) 220 Silica 222 Sulfate 227 Sulfate Pollution and Acidic Rivers 229 Organic Matter in Rivers: Organic Acidity 232 Organic Acid Rivers 236 Chemical and Total Denudation of the Continents as Deduced from River-Water Composition 237 Nutrients in River Water 241 Nitrogen in Rivers: The Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycle 242 Reactive Nitrogen Deposition and River Transport in the United States 249 Phosphorus In Rivers: The Terrestrial Phosphorus Cycle 250 Chapter 6. Lakes 257 Physical Processes in Lakes 257 Water Balance 257 Thermal Regimes and Lake Classification 259 Lake Models 264 Biological Processes in Lakes as They Affect Water Composition 269 Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Biological Cycling 269 Eutrophication 272 Limiting Nutrients 275 Sources of Phosphorus in Lakes 279 Pollutive Changes in Major Lakes: Potential Loading 285 Acid Lakes 287 Changes in Acid Lakes in the Northeastern and Upper Midwestern United States 291 Changes in Acid Lakes in Europe 292 Naturally Acid Lakes 293 Chemical Composition of Acid Lakes 294 Saline and Alkaline Lakes 298 Chapter 7. Marginal Marine Environments: Estuaries 303 Introduction 303 Estuaries: Circulation and Classification 303 The Black Sea 307 Estuarine Chemistry: Conservative vs Nonconservative Mixing 308 Estuarine Chemical Processes 311 Inorganic (Nonbiogenic) Removal in Estuaries 311 Biogenic Nutrients in Estuaries 314 Limiting Nutrients: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Silica 317 Eutrophication from Nutrient Pollution of Estuaries 321 Coastal Hypoxia from Nutrient Loading and Eutrophication 324 Harmful Algal Blooms and Eutrophication 329 Suspended Sediment Deposition in Marginal Marine Environments 330 Antiestuaries and Evaporite Deposition 335 Chapter 8. The Oceans 339 Introduction 339 Chemical Composition of Seawater 339 pH and the Human Acidification of the Oceans 343 Modeling Seawater Composition 344 Sillen's Equilibrium Model 344 Oceanic Box Models 345 Continuum Models 347 Energy Sources for Chemical Reactions 347 Major Processes of Seawater Modification 348 Biological Processes 349 Volcanic-Seawater Reaction 360 Interaction with Detrital Solids 365 Chemical Budgets for Individual Elements 369 Summary of Processes 369 Chloride 370 Sodium 371 Sulfur 372 Magnesium 374 Potassium 375 Calcium 376 Bicarbonate 381 Silica 382 Phosphorus 384 Nitrogen 386 References 389 Index 435
£73.60
Princeton University Press The Long Thaw
Book SynopsisThe human impact on Earth's climate is often treated as a hundred-year issue lasting as far into the future as 2100, the year in which most climate projections cease. In The Long Thaw, David Archer, one of the world's leading climatologists, reveals the hard truth that these changes in climate will be "locked in," essentially forever. If you thinkTrade ReviewWinner of the 2009 Walter P. Kistler Award, The Foundation For the Future One of The Australian's Best Books of 2009 Selected to appear on ClimateUnited's Booklist of Top Books on Climate Change "Worried about warming but confused about carbon? Try [The Long Thaw], which tells you nearly everything you need to know with down-to-earth clarity and brevity."--Evan Hadingham, PBS's NOVA blog "Archer ... presents the dire and long-lasting consequences of our fossil-fuel dependency but concludes that it's not too late for us to go a different, better way."--Avital Binshtock, Sierra Club Blog "Archer has perfectly pitched answers to the most basic questions about global warming while providing a sound basis for understanding the complex issues frequently misrepresented by global warming skeptics. With a breezy, conversational style, he breaks complex concepts into everyday analogies. Divided into three parts--the Present, the Past and the Future--Archer provides a complete picture of climate change now, in the past, and what we can expect in years and centuries to come. His models, though conservative, imply that humans won't survive the environmental consequences of severe warming over the next thousand years. While Archer is neither grim nor pessimistic, he is forthright about what's at stake, and what must do to avert catastrophe."--Publishers Weekly "It is comprehensive, well written and includes numerous useful vignettes from climate history. Archer leads the reader to a simple yet accurate picture of climate changes, ranging from geological time scales to current warming, ice ages and prospects for the future."--Susan Solomon, Nature "The Long Thaw is written for anyone who wishes to know what cutting-edge science tells us about the modern issue of global warming and its effects on the pathways of atmospheric chemistry, as well as global and regional temperatures, rainfall, sea level, Arctic sea-ice coverage, melting of the continental ice sheets, cyclonic storm frequency and intensity and ocean acidification. This book will also appeal to scientists who want a clear and unbiased picture of the global-warming problem and how it may progress in the future. It encapsulates Archer's own efforts in the field of climate research, which I found invaluable."--Fred T. Mackenzie, Nature Geoscience "The power of Archer's book is to show that such [climate] changes, which we can bring about through just a few centuries of partying on carbon, can only be matched by the earth itself over vastly longer periods... It's the kind of perspective we need in order to realize how insane we're being."--Chris Mooney, American Prospect "Global climate change is the subject of thousands of books; this short volume is distinctive in multiple ways. Archer is a geophysicist (and a look-alike--except for stubble--for late British actor David Niven), whose scientific background lets him place climate change in the context of its variations in geological history. He points out that the Earth's orbital cycles had poised it to enter a new ice age when human influences began to override natural forces."--F.T. Manheim, Choice "If you think global warming is going to stop in its tracks as soon as our fossil fuel fix runs its course, think again. Intensifying hurricanes, mega-droughts, and the mass extinction of species are just the beginning, says leading climatologist David Archer, renowned in part for his work with the respected blog RealClimate. Though we still have time to avert the worst of climate change, he says, the ramifications of our carbon spewing (think a ten-foot rise in ocean levels) will last well beyond even our grandchildren's years. A good storyteller, Archer walks us through the history of climate change, starting in the 1800s, when the term 'greenhouse effect' first made its way into scientific parlance. Tempering techie speak with accessible analogies, Archer manages in the James Hansen-approved volume to speak to scientists and laymen alike."--Plenty "Notice to climate change deniers: I don't want to hear another word about the Little Ice Age, cosmic rays of the Palaeocene Eocene thermal maximum event 55 million years ago until you've read David Archer's little book. He's a geophysical scientist at the University of Chicago and he knows his stuff. He sets out the latest scientific understanding of climate change through geological time, human time, and beyond. It's the clearest introduction I've seen yet to the complexity of the planet's climate system and how a certain bipedal species may know it gally wonk."--Leigh Dayton, The Australian "The great appeal of this short book lies in Archer's ability to find easily comprehensible analogies and his no-nonsense prose... This is a true rarity. A book about climate change written by an expert everyone can understand."--Sydney Morning Herald, "Pick of the Week" "David Archer has written a highly engaging and accessible review of the scientific bases for anthropogenic global warming and the dilemmas of what, as a global community, we should do next. The text is written for a general audience, reflecting the aims of the Science Essentials series of which it is a part, namely, to bring the findings of cutting-edge scientific research to the public."--Tim Denham, Journal of Archaeological Science "If you have time in your busy schedule to read only one book on climate change and climate science basics, this would be a good choice. Archer, an oceanographer and University of Chicago geosciences professor, has written a conversational, engaging, and short (remember, you are busy) book that covers the last 500 million years or so of the Earth's climate."--Disaster Prevention and Management "David Archer's The Long Thaw ... tells you nearly everything you need to know with down-to-earth clarity and brevity... [R]eading The Long Thaw is sobering and enlightening rather than depressing. It's packed with informative, accessible background on past climate cycles and why they are relevant to assessing today's warming."--Evan Hadingham, Inside NOVA "[T]he ideas expounded in the book are of great importance to the debate on climate change and deserve to be more widely appreciated. Let us hope that Archer's message becomes widely understood and acted upon before we find that we have already committed ourselves to damaging (and potentially irreversible) climate change."--John King, Journal of Polar Record "A beautifully written primer on why climate change matters hugely for our future--on all time scales."--New Scientist "If you have time in your busy schedule to read only one book on climate change and climate science basics, this would be a good choice. Archer, an oceanographer and University of Chicago geosciences professor, has written a conversational, engaging, and short (remember, you're busy) book."--Natural Hazards ObserverTable of ContentsPreface to the Princeton Science Library Edition xi Acknowledgments xiiii Prologue. Global Warming in Geologic Time. 1 An overview of the thrust of the book: human-induced climate change in the context of geologic time, in the past and in the future. SECTION I: THE PRESENT Chapter 1. The Greenhouse Effect. 15 Fourier and greenhouse theory Early CO2 measurements Arrhenius and the forecast. Climate science since then. Chapter 2: We've Seen It with Our Own Eyes. 30 Testing the forecast. Impacts already. Chapter 3: Forecast of the Century. 45 A century-timescale climate spike. Temperature, rainfall, sea level, and storms. SECTION II: THE PAST Chapter 4: Millennial Climate Cycles. 57 Abrupt climate transitions, and climate cycles on millennial timescales. The Little Ice Age and the Medieval Optimum climates. Chapter 5: Glacial Climate Cycles. 69 History of their discovery. Ice flows and melts in quirky ways. Orbital forcing and CO2 forcing. 69 Chapter 6: Geologic Climate Cycles. 78 Our ice age is unusual. The Earth is breathing. Chapter 7: The Present in the Bosom of the Past. 91 Climate change so far and in the coming century, compared with deglaciation, abrupt climate change, the Eocene hothouse, the Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum event, and the K/T boundary. SECTION III: THE FUTURE Chapter 8: The Fate of Fossil Fuel CO2. 101 Reservoirs of carbon, breathing. New carbon from fossil fuels equilibrates with the ocean and the land. Chapter 9: Acidifying the Ocean. 114 CO2 is an acid. CaCO3 is a base. Neutralization takes millennia. CO2 remains higher than natural for hundreds of millennia. Chapter 10: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks. 125 The short-term prognosis. The long-term prognosis. Chapter 11: Sea Level in the Deep Future. 137 If the past is the key to the future, we have the capacity to raise sea level by 50 meters, eventually. Chapter 12: Orbits, CO2 , and the Next Ice Age. 149 Interplay between orbital and CO2 climate forcings. The next ice age is about to be canceled. Epilogue: Carbon Economics and Ethics. 158 What the options are and how we decide. Further Reading 175 Index 179
£14.24
Princeton University Press The Dynamics of Partially Molten Rock
Book Synopsis
£63.75
