Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere Books

Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to get a practical understanding of the most common processing techniques in earthquake seismology. The book deals with manual methods and computer assisted methods. Each topic will be introduced with the basic theory followed by practical examples and exercises. There are manual exercises entirely based on the printed material of the book, as well as computer exercises based on public domain software. Most exercises are computer based. The software used, as well as all test data are available from http://extras.springer.com. This book is intended for everyone processing earthquake data, both in the observatory routine and in connection with research. Using the exercises, the book can also be used as a basis for university courses in earthquake processing. Since the main emphasis is on processing, the theory will only be dealt with to the extent needed to understand the processing steps, however references will be given to where more extensive explanations can be found. Includes: • Exercises • Test data • Public domain software (SEISAN) available from http://extras.springer.comTrade ReviewFrom the reviews:“A book useful for training students in basic analysis skills … . The book has a clear target audience: the routine analysts who manually process seismic network data. … The approach could be characterized as suitably utilitarian. A strength of the book is the assumption that operators will use one of the existing seismic data analysis systems. The authors have a fairly wide knowledge of present systems and data recording formats and present some useful critiques of them.” (George Helffrich, Geological Magazine, February, 2011)“The book presents a very good overview of the routine data processing in earthquake seismology. It should find its place at every seismological data center, serving as a general guide, a reminder of the issues that are not part of the data center’s everyday routine and an overview for the data center’s beginners or for visitors.”­­­ (Pawel Wiejacz, Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 168, 2011)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 1.1. Earthquakes. 1.2. Recording seismic events and picking phases. 1.3. Locating earthquakes. 1.4. Magnitude. 1.5. Fault plane solution. 1.6. Further data analysis. 1.7. Software. 2. Earth structure and seismic phases. 2.1. Earth structure. 2.2. Seismic rays. 2.3. Seismic phases. 2.4. Travel times. 2.5. Seismic phases at different distances. 2.6. Determination of structure. 2.7. Exercises. 3. Instruments and waveform data. 3.1. Seismic sensors. 3.2. Seismic recorders. 3.3. Correction for instrument response. 3.4. Waveform formats. 3.5. Seismic noise. 3.6. Exercises. 4. Signal processing. 4.1. Filtering. 4.2. Spectral analysis and instrument correction. 4.3. Reading seismic phases. 4.4. Correlation. 4.5. Particle motion and component rotation. 4.6. Resampling. 4.7. Software. 4.8. Exercises. 5. Location. 5.1. Single station location. 5.2. Multiple station location. 5.3. Computer implementation. 5.4. Error quantification and statistics. 5.5 Relative lovation methods. 5.6. Practical considerations in earthquake locations. 5.7. Software. 5.8. Exercises. 6. Magnitude. 6.1. Amplitude and period measurements. 6.2. Local magnitude ML . 6.3. Coda magnitude Mc. 6.4. Body wave magnitude mb. 6.5. Broad band body wave magnitude mB. 6.6. Surface wave magnitude Ms. 6.7. Broad band surface wave magnitude MS. 6.8. Lg – wave magnitude. 6.9. Moment magnitude MW. 6.10. Energy magnitude Me. 6.11. Comparison of magnitude scales. 6.12. Summary. 6.13. Average magnitude and station corrections. 6.14. Adjusting magnitude scales to local or regional conditions. 6.15. Exercises. 7. Focal mechanism and seismogram modeling. 7.1. Fault geometry. 7.2. Source radiation. 7.3. Fault plane solution in practice. 7.4. Obtaining polarity. 7.5. Fault plane solutionusing local data and polarity. 7.6. Composite fault plane solution. 7.7. Fault plane solution using global data. 7.8. Fault plane solution using amplitudes. 7.9 Moment tensor. 7.10. Moment tensor inversion. 7.11. Seismogram modeling. 7.12. Software. 7.13. Exercises. 8. Spectral analysis. 8.1. Attenuation. 8.2. Seismic source model. 8.3. Geometrical spreading. 8.4. Self similarity and seismic source spectra. 8.5. Determination of Q. 8.6. Soil amplification. 8.7. Exercises. 9. Array processing. 9.1. Basic array parameters. 9.2. Beam forming. 9.3. Frequency – wavenumber analysis (fk). 9.4. Array response. 9.5. Processing software. 9.6. Using array measurements for identifying phases. 9.7. Exercises. 10. Operation. 10.1. Data and data storage. 10.2. Routine processing. 10.3. Data exchange. 10.4. Earthquake statistics. 10.5. Software. 10.6. Exercises. References. Software references. Index.

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Book SynopsisAlthough some handbooks on the microscopic identi­ In Part I the concept of heavy mineral analysis is fication of heavy mineral grains are available, a introduced and the relative significance of factors comprehensive manual illustrated in colour has not affecting heavy mineral assemblages is discussed. There been published until now. Because the appearance of are brief references to the commonly used laboratory minerals in grain mounts differs considerably from methods and auxiliary techniques. It concludes with those seen in a thin section, a different approach is some examples of the application of heavy mineral necessary for the identification of detrital grains. studies. Coloured photomicrographs, showing their colour Part II contains the descriptions of 61 transparent shades, pleochroism and interference tints, provide heavy mineral species, including those which are an excellent means of assisting recognition. As a commonly authigenic in sediments. Positive identi­ number of mineral grains have similar optical proper­ fication of authigenic minerals is important to avoid ties and morphology, it is equally important to confusion and to help recognition of diagenetic describe them verbally in detail, pointing out events. In the mineral descriptions considerable characteristic features and differences. emphasis is placed upon detrital morphology and This book is intended primarily as a manual that diagnostic features. Optical properties and character­ describes and illustrates the transparent heavy min­ istics are detailed, together with information on host erals most commonly found in sediments. It is hoped rocks.Trade ReviewThe care in selecting and arranging multiple grains is effective and pleasing to the eye. The descriptive text is informative and the many references are up-to-date. This book should take the new practitioner up the learning curve with speed. - Geological Magazine; The colour photographs are outstanding. This also holds for the printing and layout of the book. Both the authors and the publisher did a good job. - Sedimentary Geology; The high-quality micrographs form the core of this book, and provide a manual which should be invaluable to sedimentary petrographers... should become a standard reference for all engaged in the identification and description of heavy minerals. I have no hesitation in recommending this text. - Engineering Geology; The text is clear and concise...this is an excellent book - GeoscientistTable of ContentsI Heavy minerals in the study of sediments: principles and practice.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Heavy minerals in the study of sediments: their application and limitations.- 3 Methods.- 4 Presentation and numerical analysis of heavy mineral data.- 5 Application of heavy minerals.- II Descriptions of heavy minerals.- 6 Introduction.- 7 Heavy mineral descriptions and colour plates.- References.- Identification table.- Mineral index.- General index.

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Book Synopsis1. Introduction to Geosciences of the Rajasthan basins.-  2. Geomorphology, elevation & gravity studies from the western Rajasthan basins (Barmer, Bikaner-Nagaur and Jaisalmer), India.- 3. Lignites of western Rajasthan as a source rock for hydrocarbons.- 4. Morphometric, gravity and bathymetric (topographic) analysis of Bayana basin, Rajasthan, India.- 5. Morphometric and geophysical studies from a part of Aravalli-Delhi fold belt, Rajasthan, India.- 6. Palm leaf fossils from the early Eocene of western Rajasthan: Paleoclimatic implications.- 7. Plant megafossil diversity in the Palaeogene Rajasthan Basins of Bikaner-Nagaur, Barmer and Jaisalmer: A review.- 8.  Palaeoenvironmental significance of Trace fossils from Pokaran Sandstone of the Jodhpur Group, Marwar Supergroup, western India.- 9. The Ediacaran discoidal fossil Aspidella from Sonia Sandstone of the Jodhpur Group, Marwar Supergroup, western India, and their palaeobiological implications.- 10. Geomorphic and geophysical studies from the Sukri River watersheds, Rajasthan, India.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"All in all though, this encyclopedia – now updated to its 3rd Edition – covers a tremendous breadth of cave and cave-related material. It must represent the fruits of stupendous efforts, and doubtlessly it has resulted in a major contribution to cave literature."--Cave and Karst ScienceTable of ContentsA: Adaptation to low food; Adaptations: Low oxygen; Adaptation to darkness; Adaptations: Behavioral;Adaptation: Morphological; Adaptation and natural selection in caves; Adaptive shifts; Anchihaline (Anchialine) caves and fauna; Ancient cavers in Eastern North America; Art in European caves; Asellus aquaticus: A model system for historical biogeography; Astyanax mexicanus: A vertebrate model for evolution, adaptation, and development in caves B: Bats; Beetles; Biodiversity patterns in Australia; Biodiversity: China; Biodiversity in Europe; Biodiversity in the United States and Canada; Biodiversity in South America; Breakdown; Burnsville Cove, Virginia C: Camps; Castleguard Cave, Canada; Cave dwellers in Southwest Asia; Cave ecosystems; Cavefishes; Cavefish of China; Definition of cave; Caver communities and organizations: Cultural and historical considerations; Chemolithoautotrophy; Clastic sediments in caves; Closed depressions in karst areas; Coastal caves; Collembola; Contamination of cave waters by heavy metals; Contamination of cave waters by nonaqueous-phase liquids; Crustacea; Dating cave sediments with cosmogenic nuclides D: Dating cave sediments with cosmogenic nuclides; Dinaric karst—Geography and geology; Biodiversity in the tropics; Documentation and databases E: Ecological and evolutionary classifications of subterranean organisms; Entrances; Environmental DNA as a conservation tool; Epikarst; Epikarst communities; Exploration of caves—General; Exploration of caves: Underwater exploration; Exploration of caves—Vertical caving techniques F: Folklore, myth, and legend, caves in; Food sources; The Frasassi Caves, Italy; Friars Hole System G: Gammarus minus: A model system for the study of adaptation to the cave environment; Geophysics for locating karst and caves; Glacier caves; Guano communities; Gypsum caves; Gypsum flowers and related speleothems H: Hang Son Doong and other caves of the Phong Nha-K? Ba`ng karst, Qu?ng Bi`nh Province, Vietnam; Helictites and related speleothems; History: Caves and other underground spaces in medieval Britain and Ireland; Huautla cave system (Sistema Huautla), Mexico; Hydrogeology of Karst aquifers; Hydrothermal caves I: Ice in caves; Iron formation caves: Genesis and ecology; Isotopes in karst waters and cave sediments J: Jewel cave, South Dakota K: Karren, cave; Karren, surface; Karst; Kazumura Cave, Hawaii; Krubera (Voronja) cave L: Lampenflora; Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico; Life histories M: Magnetism of cave sediments; Mammals and birds—vertebrate visitors; Mammoth Cave System, Kentucky; Mapping subterranean biodiversity; Maya caves; Microbes; Minerals in caves; Modeling of karst aquifers; Modeling the evolution of karst aquifers; Molluscs; Mulu caves, Malaysia; Myriapods N: Niphargus—A model system for evolution and ecology; Nitrate contamination in karst groundwater; Nullarbor Caves, Australia O: The Omega Cave System; Orthoptera P: Paleoclimate records from speleothems; Paleontology of caves; Passage growth and development; Postojna—Planina Cave System, Slovenia; Protecting cave life; Protecting caves; Pseudokarst Q: Quartzite and quartz sandstone caves of South America R: Recreational caving S: Salamanders; Saltpeter mining; Scallops; Shallow subterranean habitats; Show caves; Siebenhengste cave system, Switzerland; Sinkholes; Solution caves in regions of high-relief; Solution caves in regions of moderate relief; Species interactions; Speleogenesis—Hypogen?; Speleogenesis: Telogenetic; Speleothem deposition; Speleothems; Spiders and related groups; Springs; Stalactites and stalagmites; Submarine springs in coastal karst; Sulfuric acid caves; Surveying caves T: Tiankeng, Definition of; Time markers in landscape evolution, caves as U: Ukraine giant gypsum caves; Underwater Caves of the Yucatan Peninsula; Uranium series dating of speleothems V: Vicariance and dispersal in caves; Vjetrenica Cave, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Volcanic rock caves W: Wakulla spring underwater cave system, Florida; Water chemistry in caves; Water tracing in karst aquifers; Wetlands in cave and karst regions; White-nose syndrome: A fungal disease of North American hibernating bats; Worms X: Xe Bang Fai Cave, Laos

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Proterozoic orogens: introduction 2. Proterozoic orogens of Indian shield 3. Proterozoic orogens of Sri Lanka 4. Proterozoic orogens of Southern Africa 5. East Antarctica 6. Proterozoic orogens of Western Australia

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Global levels of volcanic hazards and risks 2. Seismic methods in volcano studies 3. Volcano geodesy 4. Geochemical methods and results in understanding deep volcanic systems and dynamics 5. Petrological methods and volcanic reconstructions aimed at understanding deep volcanic systems and dynamics 6. Numerical methods and results in understanding deep volcanic systems and dynamics 7. Unrest dynamics at Campi Flegrei 8. Unrest dynamics at Long Valley and Yellowstone 9. Laboratory determination of magma properties and processes 10. Volcano monitoring into the future: Krafla Magma Testbed 11. Materials basis of volcanic dynamics 12. Numerical models of magma ascent and eruption dynamics 13. Modelling / inter-comparison for ash dispersal and related hazards 14. Multi-parametric measurements and dynamics of explosive basaltic eruptions 15. Dynamics and impacts of basaltic eruptions in Iceland 16. Dynamics and impacts of basaltic eruptions at Mt. Etna 17. Volcanic hazards and risks in Chile 18. Volcanic hazards and risks in Ecuador 19. Volcanic hazards and risks in the Philippines 20. Volcanic hazards and risks in Indonesia 21. Volcanic hazards mapping in East Asia: the G-EVER approach 22. Hazards and risks from volcanic lakes 23. Remote sensing methods to monitor volcanic hazards and impact 24. Advances in mapping volcanic hazards 25. Building acceptable risk into hazard mapping 26. Crisis operations within volcano observatories 27. Volcanic hazard communications to civil authorities 28. Volcanic hazard communications to the media and the society 29. Raising awareness of populations living under volcanic risks 30. Quantifying volcanic risks 31. Improving resilience from volcanic eruptions 32. Volcanic emergency planning. 1. Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei 33. Volcanic emergency planning. 2. Yellowstone / Long Valley 34. Volcanic emergency planning. 3. Oakland, New Zealand 35. Volcanic emergency planning. 4. Sakurajima

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Book SynopsisAn integrated treatment of the principal fields of classical and applied geosciences of Central America, this authoritative two-volume monograph treats the region as a whole, exploring geology, earth resources and geo-hazards across political boundaries. It reviews the published literature, and supplements it with an abundance of information from ongoing investigations and internal reports.The compendium is a result of four years' collaborative work by the editors and more than ninety experts from eighteen countries. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of geology, geography, biology, and engineering at the local, regional and international level. In a region which is rich in geological resources and where natural disasters are frequent, the monograph is a solid base for local and international institutions concerned with land-use, infrastructure, water and energy resources, and mining, as well as with hazard reduction and disaster prevention.

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Book SynopsisBy 2050, the demand for water to sustain world agriculture will increase by seventy-five per cent in order to feed an estimated nine billion inhabitants. Increased amounts of water will be required for irrigation and for industrial and domestic use. Natural ecosystems will be threatened by the expansion of agricultural land and by a reduction in water availability, while climate change will exacerbate the situation. Management of available resources, particularly groundwater, will become more critical and aquifers will need to be managed for the benefit of all. These selected papers were first presented at the International Association of Hydrogeologists, Dijon 2006, and are divided into six themes: large aquifers, resource assessment; large aquifers, water salinity and evolution; karstic and carbonate aquifer systems; geothermal aquifer systems; aquifer contamination studies and aquifer monitoring systems and management. The volume also includes a short biography oTable of ContentsPart 1: A Tribute to Henry Darcy’s Legacy Part 2: The Measure of Permeability Part 3: Complex Hydrogeological Systems 1. Large Aquifers, Assessment of the Resource 2. Large Aquifers, Water Salinity and its Evolution with Exploitation 3. Karstic and Carbonate Aquifer Systems 4. Geothermal Aquifer Systems 5. Aquifer Contamination Studies 6. Aquifer Monitoring Systems and Management Rules

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Book Synopsis1: The Main Tsunamigenic Zones in the Mediterranean Sea.- 2: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. ANCIENT TSUNAMIS.- 3: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 1st16th CENTURIES.- 4: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 17th18th CENTURIES.- 5: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 19th CENTURY.- 6: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 20th CENTURY.- 7: Study of Tsunamis in Greece and Italy at the Turn of the Millenium.- Appendix 1: Main parameters of tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea.- Appendix 2: List of tsunamigenic events in the Mediterranean Sea.- Appendix 3: Equivalents of the International System Units to units of other countries and to extra-system units.- References.- Index of Geographic Names.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Structure of the Catalogue. 1. The Main Tsunamigenic Zones in the Mediterranean Sea. 2. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. Ancient Tsunamis. 3. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 1st - 16th Centuries. 4. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 17th - 18th Centuries. 5. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 19th Century. 6. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 20th Century. 7. Study of Tsunamis in Greece and Italy at the Turn of the Millennium. Appendices. References. Index of Geographic Names.

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Book SynopsisThe history of mining is replete with controversy of which much is related to environmental damage and consequent community outrage. Over recent decades, this has led to increased pressure to improve the environmental and social performance of mining operations, particularly in developing countries. The industry has responded by embracing the ideals of sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Mining and the Environment identifies and discusses the wide range of social and environmental issues pertaining to mining, with particular reference to mining in developing countries, from where many of the project examples and case studies have been selected. Following an introductory overview of pressing issues, the book illustrates how environmental and social impact assessment, such as defined in The Equator Principles, integrates with the mining lifecycle and how environmental and social management aims to eliminate the negative and accentuate theTable of ContentsMinerals, Wealth, and Progress. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Protection Before Exploitation. Health Impact Assessment. Involving the Public - Forging Partnerships and Trust. The Anatomy of a Mine. Mining Methods Vary Widely - From Excavation to In-situ Leaching. Converting Minerals to Metals - From Ore to Finished Product. Our Environment - A Set of Natural and Man-made Features. The Baseline - Understanding the Host Environment. Identifying and Evaluating Impacts - Linking Cause and Effect. Cumulative and Transboundary Impact Assessment. Emphasizing Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring - Managing What Matters. Metals, Their Biological Functions and Harmful Impacts - Metals are Naturally Occurring Elements. Coal - Its Use as Fuel, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Was the Environmental Assessment Adequate? Identifying Issues, Finding Solutions. The Range of Environmental and Social Concerns - Separating Fact From Fantasy. Land Acquisition and Resettlement - When Property and Development Rights Collide. Community Development - Ensuring Long Term Benefits. Indigenous Peoples Issues - Respecting the Differences. Gender in the Mining Industry. Biodiversity and Conservation. Acid Rock Drainage - The Unseen Legacy. Tailings Disposal - Concepts and Practices. Approaches to Waste Rock Disposal - Issues and Risks. Erosion - The Perpetual Disruptive Forces of Water and Wind. Mine Closure - It is not Over When it is Over. Looking Ahead.

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