Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere Books
Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc Forecasting and Planning for Volcanic Hazards
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Global levels of volcanic hazards and risks 2. Seismic methods in volcano studies 3. Volcano geodesy 4. Geochemical methods and results in understanding deep volcanic systems and dynamics 5. Petrological methods and volcanic reconstructions aimed at understanding deep volcanic systems and dynamics 6. Numerical methods and results in understanding deep volcanic systems and dynamics 7. Unrest dynamics at Campi Flegrei 8. Unrest dynamics at Long Valley and Yellowstone 9. Laboratory determination of magma properties and processes 10. Volcano monitoring into the future: Krafla Magma Testbed 11. Materials basis of volcanic dynamics 12. Numerical models of magma ascent and eruption dynamics 13. Modelling / inter-comparison for ash dispersal and related hazards 14. Multi-parametric measurements and dynamics of explosive basaltic eruptions 15. Dynamics and impacts of basaltic eruptions in Iceland 16. Dynamics and impacts of basaltic eruptions at Mt. Etna 17. Volcanic hazards and risks in Chile 18. Volcanic hazards and risks in Ecuador 19. Volcanic hazards and risks in the Philippines 20. Volcanic hazards and risks in Indonesia 21. Volcanic hazards mapping in East Asia: the G-EVER approach 22. Hazards and risks from volcanic lakes 23. Remote sensing methods to monitor volcanic hazards and impact 24. Advances in mapping volcanic hazards 25. Building acceptable risk into hazard mapping 26. Crisis operations within volcano observatories 27. Volcanic hazard communications to civil authorities 28. Volcanic hazard communications to the media and the society 29. Raising awareness of populations living under volcanic risks 30. Quantifying volcanic risks 31. Improving resilience from volcanic eruptions 32. Volcanic emergency planning. 1. Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei 33. Volcanic emergency planning. 2. Yellowstone / Long Valley 34. Volcanic emergency planning. 3. Oakland, New Zealand 35. Volcanic emergency planning. 4. Sakurajima
£106.20
Elsevier Science Medical Geology of Africa
Book Synopsis
£95.25
Geologic Time Scale 2020
Book Synopsis
£71.10
Taylor & Francis Ltd Living with Earth An Introduction to
Book SynopsisFor many students with no science background, environmental geology may be one of the only science courses they ever take. Living With Earth: An Introduction to Environmental Geology is ideal for those students, fostering a better understanding of how they interact with Earth and how their actions can affect Earth''s environmental health. The informal, reader-friendly presentation is organized around a few unifying perspectives: how the various Earth systems interact with one another; how Earth affects people (creating hazards but also providing essential resources); and how people affect Earth. Greater emphasis is placed on environment and sustainability than on geology, unlike other texts on the subject. Essential scientific foundations are presented - but the ultimate goal is to connect students proactively to their role as stakeholders in Earth''s future.
£128.25
Pearson Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology Plus
Book Synopsis
£145.65
Oxford University Press, USA Geological Methods for Archaeology
Book SynopsisThis book discusses the application of geological methods and theory to archaeology. Written as a survey text covering appropriate methods and techniques taken from geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and geochronology, it shows the student the practicality and importance of the techniques'' use in solving archaeological problems. Specific techniques are illustrated by practical results obtained from their use on archaeological digs. The geographical scope is international, drawing on sites from both hemispheres, eg the Franchti Cave (Greece), St. Catherines Island (USA), the Roman site of Drand (France), and Monte Verde (Chile). The authors also address applications in less traditional areas such as underwater, historical, industrial, and conservation archaeology.Trade Review"Herz and Garrison (p viii) state that the purpose of their book . . . is to 'show archaeologists the many ways that geological sciences can help solve their problems.' The authors divide their book into four major sections with multiple chapters in each section. Part I, 'The Archaeological Site and Its Environment,' presents a discussion of geomorphology, sediments, and soils; Part II, 'Dating Techniques,' covers chemical, radioactive, and other methods of dating; Part III, 'Site Exploration,' addresses geophysical and geochemical applications to archaeology; and Part IV, 'Artifact Analysis,' offers a discussion of the analysis of the raw materials used to manufacture artifacts and features."--Geoarchaeology "Herz and Garrison (p viii) state that the purpose of their book . . . is to 'show archaeologists the many ways that geological sciences can help solve their problems.' The authors divide their book into four major sections with multiple chapters in each section. Part I, 'The Archaeological Site and Its Environment,' presents a discussion of geomorphology, sediments, and soils; Part II, 'Dating Techniques,' covers chemical, radioactive, and other methods of dating; Part III, 'Site Exploration,' addresses geophysical and geochemical applications to archaeology; and Part IV, 'Artifact Analysis,' offers a discussion of the analysis of the raw materials used to manufacture artifacts and features."--GeoarchaeologyTable of ContentsForeword ; 1. Scope of Archaeological Geology ; 2. Geomorphology in Archaeology ; 3. Sediments and Soils ; 4. Chemical Methods ; 5. Radioactive Methods: Radioactive Decay and Age Determination ; 6. Radiation Damage, Cosmogenic and Atom Counting Techniques ; 7. Other Chronological Methods ; 8. Archaeogeophysical Exploration ; 9. Soil Phosphate in Archaeological Surveys ; 10. Archaeological Materials - Rocks and Minerals ; 11. Instrumental Analytical Techniques ; 12. Metallic Minerals and Archaeological Geology ; 13. Ceramics ; 14. Applications of Stable Isotopes in Archaeological Geology
£61.75
Oxford University Press Inc Geology and Landscapes of Americas National Parks
Book SynopsisAn illustration-rich, easy-to-read book on the geology of national parks aimed at the typical science-averse college student taking a general education course. The national parks are used as touchstones to develop the story of the origin and evolution of the American West, the Appalachian Mountains, and the North American continent. Basic geologic concepts are introduced including volcanism, mountain building, deep time, tectonics, sedimentation, and glaciation asthey become relevant within the context of specific parks.Trade ReviewThe book is well written in a scientifically meaningful, but welcoming, conversational style. Any individual interested in visiting one of the Parks covered in the book will find they will be well prepared. The friendly style of reading will encourage students to get into the text, as will the companion illustration set. Christopher Fedo, University of TennesseeThe descriptions are engaging and clear. Many paragraphs read as if you are right there on a field trip with the author. -Stephen O. Moshier, Wheaton College, IllinoisAn engaging text illustrating geologic processes through the lens of our national parks. -Jeffrey Gee, University of California, San Diego
£128.49
Oxford University Press Principles of Mathematical Petrophysics 09
Book SynopsisThe pioneering work of Gus Archie moved log interpretation into log analysis with the introduction of the equation that bears his name. Subsequent developments have mixed empiricism, physics, mathematical algorithms, and geological or engineering models as methods applied to petrophysical measurements in boreholes all over the world. Principles of Mathematical Petrophysics reviews the application of mathematics to petrophysics in a format that crystallizes the subject as a subdiscipline appropriate for the workstations of today. The subject matter is of wide interest to both academic and industrial professionals who work with subsurface data applied to energy, hydrology, and environmental issues.This book is the first of its kind, in that it addresses mathematical petrophysics as a distinct discipline. Other books in petrophysics are either extensive descriptions of tool design or interpretation techniques, typically in an ad hoc treatment. It covers mathematical methods that are applied to borehole and core petrophysical measurements to estimate rock properties of fluid saturation, pore types, permeability, mineralogy, facies, and reservoir characterization. These methods are demonstrated by a variety of case studies and summaries of applications. Principles of Mathematical Petrophysics is an invaluable resource for all people working with data related to petrophysics.Table of ContentsCONTENTS ; PREFACE ; ACKNOWLEGEMENTS ; CHAPTER 1: FLUID SATURATION EVALUATION ; CHAPTER 2: POROSITY VOLUMETRICS AND PORE TYPING ; CHAPTER 3: PERMEABILITY ESTIMATION ; CHAPTER 4: COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF MINERALOGY ; CHAPTER 5: PETROPHYSICAL ROCKS : ELECTROFACIES AND LITHOFACIES ; CHAPTER 6: PORE SYSTEM FACIES: PORE THROATS AND PORE BODIES ; CHAPTER 7: SATURATION -HEIGHT FUNCTIONS ; INDEX
£132.50
University of Chicago Press Frozen Fauna of the Mammoth Steppe
Book Synopsis
£28.50
The University of Chicago Press Principles of Geology Volume 2
Book Synopsis
£42.75
The University of Chicago Press Evolutionary Innovations
Book Synopsis
£80.00
The University of Chicago Press Wetlands of the American Midwest A Historical
Book SynopsisExamines literary evidence and government and scientific documents to uncover the history of changing attitudes towards wetlands in the American Midwest. This text charts the changes brought about in scientific research agendas, government policies, and farmers' strategies for managing their land.Table of ContentsList of figures List of tables Preface 1: Changing Attitudes 2: Physical Characteristics of Wet Prairies and Bogs 3: Native American Occupation 4: Early Nineteenth-century Views of Wetlands 5: Landowners, Cattlemen, Railroads, and Tenants on Wet Prairies 6: Draining and Agricultural Change on Wet Prairies 7: Occupying, Draining, and Abandoning Northern Bogs and Swamps 8: Utilizing and Conserving Wet Prairies since 1930 9: Changing Wetland Images and Values Bibliography Index
£38.00
The University of Chicago Press The Meaning of Fossils Episodes in the History of
Book Synopsis
£31.35
The University of Chicago Press The Next Supercontinent
Book SynopsisAn internationally recognized scientist shows that Earth's separate continents, once together in Pangea, are again on a collision course. You've heard of Pangea, the single landmass that broke apart some 175 million years ago to give us our current continents, but what about its predecessors, Rodinia or Columbia? These supercontinents from Earth's past provide evidence that land repeatedly joins and separates. While scientists debate what that next supercontinent will look likeand what to name itthey all agree: one is coming. In this engaging work, geophysicist Ross Mitchell invites readers to remote (and sometimes treacherous) lands for evidence of past supercontinents, delves into the phenomena that will birth the next, and presents the case for the future supercontinent of Amasia, defined by the merging of North America and Asia. Introducing readers to plate tectonic theory through fieldwork adventures and accessible scientific descriptions, Mitchell considers flows deep in the Earth's mantle to explain Amasia's future formation and shows how this developing theory can illuminate other planetary mysteries. He then poses the inevitable question: how can humanity survive the intervening 200 million years necessary to see Amasia? An expert on the supercontinent cycle, Mitchell offers readers a front-row seat to a slow-motion mystery and an ongoing scientific debate.Trade Review"Although Mitchell’s destination is the distant future, don’t be fooled. His book is as much a romp through the past as it is a look ahead, complete with references unique to the present....Throughout the book, Mitchell’s clear explanations and carefully chosen images help make sense of even the most complicated concepts." * Science News *"Locked in rocks, mountains, and oceans lies evidence of an ancient, active earth. Subduction, plate tectonics, and volcanic activity continually reshape continents. . . . [Those] interested in geology and geophysics will appreciate Mitchell’s compelling vision and research." * Booklist *"Ross Mitchell provides a cinematic view of Earth over billion-year timescales, showing how the slow-motion dance of the continents has a deep underlying logic that makes it possible to predict geographies of the distant future." -- Marcia Bjornerud | author of "Timefulness: How Thinking Like a Geologist Can Help Save the World""Geological puzzles don’t get bigger than unravelling the choreography of continents since Earth’s childhood. It takes bold thinking, and reconciliation of hard-won field data with computer models of our planet’s interior, to figure out the lay of the land hundreds of millions of years ago. Ross Mitchell draws on his own cutting-edge research to explain how Earth’s heat engine works, and what ancient configurations of land and sea—vastly different from today’s map—meant for the atmosphere, climate and, crucially, the evolution of life. It’s a gripping story, vivaciously told, of prescient scientists, perilous fieldwork, and the amazing ways in which geology empowers us to situate humanity in the context of billions of years of Earth history, and to ground speculation of how the next billion might play out." -- Clive Oppenheimer | author of "Eruptions that Shook the World"“Mitchell is the only person who could write this inviting and engaging book, which shares the thrill of scientific discovery.” -- Brendan Murphy | St. Francis Xavier University"The world is like a giant clock, with enormous tectonic gears of seemingly infinite complexity. That clock will keep ticking long after we humans are extinct, and Ross Mitchell, watchmaker, lets us see far into that future: an amazing Amasia." -- Peter Ward | author of "Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe"“A clear, accessible introduction to a ‘super’ significant topic—the supercontinent cycle—and to scientific study itself.” -- Richard E. Ernst | Carleton University"An engaging insider’s story of geological discovery and insight at a grand scale—the unification and fragmentation of supercontinents over geologic time, and why such behavior is repeating, yet changing. This first-hand account reads like The Double Helix, but with mountains for molecules." -- Paul Hoffman | Harvard UniversityTable of ContentsPreface Introduction 1. Pangea 2. Rodinia 3. Columbia 4. The Unknown Archean 5. The Next Supercontinent Epilogue: Surviving Amasia Acknowledgments Notes Index
£22.80
University of Chicago Press Fossils
£22.10
Columbia University Press The Story of Life in 25 Fossils
Book SynopsisEvery fossil tells a story. Best-selling paleontology author Donald R. Prothero describes twenty-five famous fossils in a gripping scientific history. Recounting the adventures behind the discovery of these objects and interpreting their significance within the larger fossil record, Prothero creates a riveting history of life on our planet.Trade ReviewDonald R. Prothero is one of the most talented science writers of his generation-as a paleontological writer, he has no peer. This is an engaging, attractive book! -- David J. Bottjer, University of Southern California There is no other book that brings together such diverse fossils and tells their unique stories in a way that is both accurate and approachable. -- Xiaoming Wang, curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County The Story of Life in 25 Fossils shows the reader the joys of paleontological discovery as well as the stories behind some of the most important fossils. I loved reading it, and I suspect that most paleontologists, and many members of the general public, will feel the same way-the text is lucid, extremely easy to read, and highly informative. Anyone interested in ancient life-forms and the fossil record would be well served to buy this book. -- Bruce S. Lieberman, University of Kansas Prothero, an outstanding paleontologist and skilled communicator, has written the best up-to-date account of the history of life as revealed by the fossil record that I have ever had the pleasure to read. His lucid prose brings these long-dead organisms back to life, while painting a picture of how all life has been interconnected through evolution. I was especially struck by the inclusion of field outcrops, as well as museums, where one can go to see these fossils. I will keep Prothero's book handy as a core reference for years to come! -- Niles Eldredge, author of Eternal Ephemera: Adaptation and the Origin of Species from the Nineteenth Century Through Punctuated Equilibria and Beyond A guide to museums where the original fossils or high-quality reproductions are housed and more than 150 illustrations accompany Prothero's lively account of the science and politics that shaped the rich history of these discoveries. Kirkus Reviews Engaging and accessible... Ideal for anyone interested in the origins of life on earth. Library Journal (starred review) An accessible, well-done book that will better enable general readers to understand the fossil record and how paleontologists interpret it. Publishers Weekly Prothero's careful description of 25 fossils... offer[s] an overview of the progression of plants and animals in the last 3.5 billion years. -- Ashley Yeager Sciece News [Prothero] pays attention not just to the fossils themselves but to the continuing quest to uncover and understand how life has been changing since it first came into existence on Earth. Sure, The Story of Life in 25 Fossils includes snakes with legs, giant dinosaurs, walking whales and extinct primates whose existence confirms that our own species is a variety of modified ape. But most chapters also introduce us to the researchers who labored to pull back the curtain on lost worlds. -- Brian Switek Wall Street Journal Ideal for all who love prehistoric landscapes and delight in the history of science, this book makes a treasured addition to any bookshelf, stoking curiosity in the evolution of life on Earth. -- Ian Paulsen The Birdbooker Report Prothero brings erudition and expert perspective to the material, but animates it in an entertaining and accessible manner. It reads like a fun conversation with a learned friend. -- Nathan H. Lents The Human Evolution Blog Written with bright enthusiasm... [The Story of Life in 25 Fossils] is a wonderful primer. -- Rob Hardy The Commercial Dispatch Chock full of excellent and interesting illustrations... [Prothero] writes excellent, readable prose, and vigorously makes connections between evolutionary questions and evolutionary data. Greg Laden's Blog A thoroughly enjoyable, highly readable, and entertaining book. Prothero is a masterful communicator of science and a lover of paleontology, and these traits have combined to produce one of the best books on the history of life I have read. If you want an introduction to the history of life on Earth, get this book. -- Jason S. Anderson BioScience A great introduction to the history of life on the planet Earth... A solid primer on why evolution is true... A fun read with lots of tales of paleontological adventure and derring-do... I recommend this book without hesitation. -- John Dupuis Confessions of a Science Librarian A magnificent journey through life's story told in such loving detail... Highly recommended. Choice [The book], written with bright enthusiasm and describing clearly how the fossil record shows evolution to have occured, is a wonderful primer about what paleontologists do. The DispatchTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments 1. Planet of the Scum: The First Fossils (Cryptozoon) 2. Garden of Ediacara: The First Multicellular Life (Charnia) 3. "Little Shellies": The First Shells (Cloudina) 4. Oh, Give Me a Home, When the Trilobites Roamed: The First Large Shelled Animals (Olenellus) 5. Is It a Worm or an Arthropod? The Origin of Arthropods (Hallucigenia) 6. Is It a Worm or a Mollusc? The Origin of Molluscs (Pilina) 7. Growing from the Sea: The Origin of Land Plants (Cooksonia) 8. A Fishy Tale: The Origin of Vertebrates (Haikouichthys) 9. Mega-Jaws: The Largest Fish (Carcharocles) 10. Fish out of Water: The Origin of Amphibians (Tiktaalik) 11. "Frogamander": The Origin of Frogs (Gerobatrachus) 12. Turtle on the Half-Shell: The Origin of Turtles (Odontochelys) 13. Walking Serpents: The Origin of Snakes (Haasiophis) 14. King of the Fish-Lizards: The Largest Marine Reptile (Shonisaurus) 15. Terror of the Seas: The Largest Sea Monster (Kronosaurus) 16. Monster Flesh-Eater: The Largest Predator (Giganotosaurus) 17. Land of the Giants: The Largest Land Animal (Argentinosaurus) 18. A Feather in Stone: The First Bird (Archaeopteryx) 19. Not Quite a Mammal: The Origin of Mammals (Thrinaxodon) 20. Walking Into the Water: The Origin of Whales (Ambulocetus) 21. Walking Manatees: The Origin of Sirenians (Pezosiren) 22. Dawn Horses: The Origin of Horses (Eohippus) 23. Rhinoceros Giants: The Largest Land Mammal (Paraceratherium) 24. The Ape's Reflection? The Oldest Human Fossil (Sahelanthropus) 25. Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds: The Oldest Human Skeleton (Australopithecus afarensis) Appendix: The Best Natural History Museums Index
£25.50
Columbia University Press The Story of Life in 25 Fossils
Book SynopsisEvery fossil tells a story. Best-selling paleontology author Donald R. Prothero describes twenty-five famous fossils in a gripping scientific history. Recounting the adventures behind the discovery of these objects and interpreting their significance within the larger fossil record, Prothero creates a riveting history of life on our planet.Trade ReviewDonald R. Prothero is one of the most talented science writers of his generation-as a paleontological writer, he has no peer. This is an engaging, attractive book! -- David J. Bottjer, University of Southern California There is no other book that brings together such diverse fossils and tells their unique stories in a way that is both accurate and approachable. -- Xiaoming Wang, curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County The Story of Life in 25 Fossils shows the reader the joys of paleontological discovery as well as the stories behind some of the most important fossils. I loved reading it, and I suspect that most paleontologists, and many members of the general public, will feel the same way-the text is lucid, extremely easy to read, and highly informative. Anyone interested in ancient life-forms and the fossil record would be well served to buy this book. -- Bruce S. Lieberman, University of Kansas Prothero, an outstanding paleontologist and skilled communicator, has written the best up-to-date account of the history of life as revealed by the fossil record that I have ever had the pleasure to read. His lucid prose brings these long-dead organisms back to life, while painting a picture of how all life has been interconnected through evolution. I was especially struck by the inclusion of field outcrops, as well as museums, where one can go to see these fossils. I will keep Prothero's book handy as a core reference for years to come! -- Niles Eldredge, author of Eternal Ephemera: Adaptation and the Origin of Species from the Nineteenth Century Through Punctuated Equilibria and Beyond A guide to museums where the original fossils or high-quality reproductions are housed and more than 150 illustrations accompany Prothero's lively account of the science and politics that shaped the rich history of these discoveries. Kirkus Reviews Engaging and accessible... Ideal for anyone interested in the origins of life on earth. Library Journal (starred review) An accessible, well-done book that will better enable general readers to understand the fossil record and how paleontologists interpret it. Publishers Weekly Prothero's careful description of 25 fossils... offer[s] an overview of the progression of plants and animals in the last 3.5 billion years. -- Ashley Yeager Sciece News [Prothero] pays attention not just to the fossils themselves but to the continuing quest to uncover and understand how life has been changing since it first came into existence on Earth. Sure, The Story of Life in 25 Fossils includes snakes with legs, giant dinosaurs, walking whales and extinct primates whose existence confirms that our own species is a variety of modified ape. But most chapters also introduce us to the researchers who labored to pull back the curtain on lost worlds. -- Brian Switek Wall Street Journal Ideal for all who love prehistoric landscapes and delight in the history of science, this book makes a treasured addition to any bookshelf, stoking curiosity in the evolution of life on Earth. -- Ian Paulsen The Birdbooker Report Prothero brings erudition and expert perspective to the material, but animates it in an entertaining and accessible manner. It reads like a fun conversation with a learned friend. -- Nathan H. Lents The Human Evolution Blog Written with bright enthusiasm... [The Story of Life in 25 Fossils] is a wonderful primer. -- Rob Hardy The Commercial Dispatch Chock full of excellent and interesting illustrations... [Prothero] writes excellent, readable prose, and vigorously makes connections between evolutionary questions and evolutionary data. Greg Laden's Blog A thoroughly enjoyable, highly readable, and entertaining book. Prothero is a masterful communicator of science and a lover of paleontology, and these traits have combined to produce one of the best books on the history of life I have read. If you want an introduction to the history of life on Earth, get this book. -- Jason S. Anderson BioScience A great introduction to the history of life on the planet Earth... A solid primer on why evolution is true... A fun read with lots of tales of paleontological adventure and derring-do... I recommend this book without hesitation. -- John Dupuis Confessions of a Science Librarian A magnificent journey through life's story told in such loving detail... Highly recommended. Choice [The book], written with bright enthusiasm and describing clearly how the fossil record shows evolution to have occured, is a wonderful primer about what paleontologists do. The DispatchTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments 1. Planet of the Scum: The First Fossils (Cryptozoon) 2. Garden of Ediacara: The First Multicellular Life (Charnia) 3. "Little Shellies": The First Shells (Cloudina) 4. Oh, Give Me a Home, When the Trilobites Roamed: The First Large Shelled Animals (Olenellus) 5. Is It a Worm or an Arthropod? The Origin of Arthropods (Hallucigenia) 6. Is It a Worm or a Mollusc? The Origin of Molluscs (Pilina) 7. Growing from the Sea: The Origin of Land Plants (Cooksonia) 8. A Fishy Tale: The Origin of Vertebrates (Haikouichthys) 9. Mega-Jaws: The Largest Fish (Carcharocles) 10. Fish out of Water: The Origin of Amphibians (Tiktaalik) 11. "Frogamander": The Origin of Frogs (Gerobatrachus) 12. Turtle on the Half-Shell: The Origin of Turtles (Odontochelys) 13. Walking Serpents: The Origin of Snakes (Haasiophis) 14. King of the Fish-Lizards: The Largest Marine Reptile (Shonisaurus) 15. Terror of the Seas: The Largest Sea Monster (Kronosaurus) 16. Monster Flesh-Eater: The Largest Predator (Giganotosaurus) 17. Land of the Giants: The Largest Land Animal (Argentinosaurus) 18. A Feather in Stone: The First Bird (Archaeopteryx) 19. Not Quite a Mammal: The Origin of Mammals (Thrinaxodon) 20. Walking Into the Water: The Origin of Whales (Ambulocetus) 21. Walking Manatees: The Origin of Sirenians (Pezosiren) 22. Dawn Horses: The Origin of Horses (Eohippus) 23. Rhinoceros Giants: The Largest Land Mammal (Paraceratherium) 24. The Ape's Reflection? The Oldest Human Fossil (Sahelanthropus) 25. Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds: The Oldest Human Skeleton (Australopithecus afarensis) Appendix: The Best Natural History Museums Index
£19.80
Columbia University Press Dr. Rips Essential Beach Book
Book Synopsis
£70.40
Dorling Kindersley Ltd Rocks and Minerals
Book SynopsisChris Pellant has been writing earth science books since the 1980s. These include The Complete Book of Rocks and Minerals, Fossils of the World, and Discover Science: Rocks and Fossils. In addition to his authorial work, he runs a photographic library with his wife Helen, and is a dedicated researcher and conservationist.
£9.99
Dorling Kindersley Ltd The Science of the Earth
Book SynopsisAstonishing, studio-quality photographs of beautiful objects and specimens bring every corner of the planet, from core to atmosphere, to the printed pageElegant design combined with beautiful images to explore and explain Earth's natural riches. This is an informative, visually arresting introduction to planet Earth. The core of the book features large, detailed photographs of single objects, many of them small enough to be held in the hand, that each speak volumes about an aspect of Earth's environments and how they work. For example, bubbles of ancient air trapped inside an Antarctic ice core reveal how Earth's climate has changed over time. A piece of pumice thrown several miles into the air by a volcano helps to explain what happens when tectonic plates collide. The book is structured around an imaginary journey that takes the reader from the inner core to Earth's surface (including both land and oceans) and up to the top of the atmosphere. Taking in environments such as grassl
£27.00
Indiana University Press Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous
Book SynopsisDeals with the iconic dinosaur Iguanodon and its worldTrade Review[T]here is much to be delved into here, and dinosaur scholars will be especially well served by a swathe of welcome reviews of some lesser-known Cretaceous localities, and unexpected gems . . . This book warrants a place on the shelf of researchers interested in terrestrial ecosystems, especially dinosaurs, and is a good addition to the ongoing Life of the Past series from Indiana University Press. * Quarterly Review of Biology *Although some of the chapters are more technical than others, the way in which [this book] is compiled offers a nice flow of information and can be used as a great reference for Early Cretaceous research. I would suggest this book to anyone who has not only an interest in vertebrate paleontology but also in geology. Well done! * Priscum *Table of ContentsPreface by David B. NormanPart 1. New Investigations into the Iguanodon Sinkhole at Bernissart and Other Early Cretaceous Localities in the Mons Basin (Belgium)1. Bernissart and the Iguanodons: Historical Perspective and New Investigations2. The Attempted Theft of Dinosaur Skeletons during the German Occupation of Belgium (1914–1918) and Some Other Cases of Looting Cultural Possessions of Natural History3. A Short Introduction to the Geology of the Mons Basin and the Iguanodon Sinkhole, Belgium4. 3D Modeling of the Paleozoic Top Surface in the Bernissart Area and Integration of Data from Boreholes Drilled in the Iguanodon Sinkhole5. The Karstic Phenomenon of the Iguanodon Sinkhole and the Geomorphological Situation of the Mons Basin during the Early Cretaceous6. Geodynamic and Tectonic Context of Early Cretaceous Iguanodon-Bearing Deposits in the Mons Basin 7. Biostratigraphy of the Cretaceous Sediments Overlying the Wealden Facies in the Iguanodon Sinkhole at Bernissart 8. On the Age of the Bernissart Iguanodons9. The Paleoenvironment of the Bernissart Iguanodons: Sedimentological Analysis of the Lower Cretaceous Wealden Facies in the Bernissart Area 10. Mesofossil Plant Remains from the Barremian of Hautrage (Mons Basin, Belgium), with Taphonomy, Paleoecology, and Paleoenvironment Insights 11. Diagenesis of the Fossil Bones of Iguanodon bernissartensis from the Iguanodon Sinkhole 12. Histological Assessment of Vertebrate Remains in the 2003 Bernissart Drill 13. Early Cretaceous Dinosaur Remains from Baudour (Belgium) 14. Geological Model and Cyclic Mass Mortality Scenarios for the Lower Cretaceous Bernissart Iguanodon Bonebeds Part 2. The Bernissart Iguanodons and Their Kin15. Iguanodontian Taxa from the Lower Cretaceous of England and Belgium16. The Brain of Iguanoian Taxa (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous of England and Belgium16. The Brain of Iguanodon and Mantellisaurus: Perspectives on Ornithopod Evolution17. Hypsilophodon foxii and Other Smaller Bipedal Ornithischian Dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern England18. The African Cousins of the European Iguanodontids 19. Anatomy and Relationships of Bolong yixianensis, an Early Cretaceous Iguanodontoid Dinosaur from Western Liaoning, China20. A New Basal Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Kazakhstan Part 3. Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems In and Outside Europe21. Dinosaur Remains from the "Sables Verts" of the Eastern Paris Basin22. Dinosaur Faunas from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian–Albian) of Spain23. New Early Cretaceous Multituberculate Mammals from the Iberian Peninsula24. Danish Dinosaurs: A Review25. The Age of Lycoptera Beds (Jehol Biota) in Transbaikalia (Russia) and Correlation with Mongolia and China26. A New Basal Ornithomimosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Northeast China 27. Australia's Polar Early Cretaceous Dinosaurs28. Assessment of the Potential for a Jehol Biota–like Cretaceous Polar Fossil Assemblage in ictoria, Australia 29. Freshwater Hybodont Sharks in Early Cretaceous Ecosystems: A Review Part 4. Cretaceous Vertebrate Faunas after the Bernissart Iguanodon30. The Late Cretaceous Continental Vertebrate Fauna from Iharkút: A Review31. First Discovery of Maastrichtian Terrestrial Vertebrates in Rusca Montană Basin32. First Late Maastrichtian Vertebrate Assemblage from Provence33. Reassessment of the Posterior Brain Region in Multituberculate Mammals Index
£56.00
University of Washington Press Stories in Stone
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Williams’s lively mixture of hard science and piquant lore is sure to fire readers’ curiosity about the built environment around us." * Publishers Weekly *"Each line of inquiry coaxes out some expressive scientific, emotional or philosophical nugget from a piece of travertine, slate or, in one Pop Art extravaganza, a gas station made of petrified wood. Makes stone sing." * Kirkus Reviews *"Stories in Stone is chock full of fascinating geologic tidbits . . . [but] how the geology is intercalated with the architectural and engineering aspects of building stone is really what this book is about and why it is a good read." * WIRED *"Williams’ record of human dreams worked in stone is as richly textured and full of life's imprints as a fossil-rich piece of travertine." * Booklist *"From a kitschy gas station in Lamar, Colorado, contructed of petrified wood, to the working quarries where Michaelangelo cut slabs for David, Moses, and the Pieta, Williams is a knowledgable and enthusiastic guide. . . . Stories in Stone invites readers to ground their intuitive sense on the bedrock of geologic knowledge." * Natural History Magazine *
£17.99
Yale University Press Geoarchaeology
Book SynopsisConsidering the history and theory of geoarchaeology, this book discusses soils and environmental interpretations; initial context and site formation; methods of discovery and spatial analyses; estimating time; and others. It is for all professionals and students interested in the field of geoarchaeology.Trade Review"Probably the most comprehensive treatise on geoarchaeology yet written."—Vance Haynes, University of Arizona -- Vance Haynes"Rapp and Hill provide the single most comprehensive guide to basic principles in the field of Geoarchaeology. The text is an essential resource for teaching earth science applications to undergraduate archaeologists."—Andrea Freeman, University of Calgary -- Andrea Freeman
£40.38
Transportation Research Board National Research Rockfall
Book Synopsis
£128.17
St. Martins Press-3pl MELTING WORLD
Book Synopsis
£22.79
Little, Brown & Company The Heat Will Kill You First
Book SynopsisINSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER SELECTED AS ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY NPR, THE LOS ANGELES TIMES, AND THE ECONOMIST FINALIST FOR THE L.A. TIMES BOOK PRIZE, THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY’S HELEN BERNSTEIN AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE IN JOURNALISM, AND THE PEN/E.O. WILSON AWARD FOR LITERARY SCIENCE WRITING.New York Times best-selling journalist Jeff Goodell presents a 'masterful, bracing' (David Wallace-Wells) examination of the impact that temperature rise will have on our lives and on our planet, offering a vital new perspective on where we are headed, how we can prepare, and what is at stake if we fail to act. “When heat comes, it’s invisible. It doesn’t bend tree branches or blow hair across your face to let you know it’s arrived…. The sun feels like the barrel of a gun pointed at you.” The world is waking up to a new reality: wildfires are now seasonal in California, the Northeast is getting less and less snow each winter, and the ice sheets in the Arctic and Antarctica are melting fast. Heat is the first order threat that drives all other impacts of the climate crisis. And as the temperature rises, it is revealing fault lines in our governments, our politics, our economy, and our values. The basic science is not complicated: Stop burning fossil fuels tomorrow, and the global temperature will stop rising tomorrow. Stop burning fossil fuels in 50 years, and the temperature will keep rising for 50 years, making parts of our planet virtually uninhabitable. It’s up to us. The hotter it gets, the deeper and wider our fault lines will open. The Heat Will Kill You First is about the extreme ways in which our planet is already changing. It is about why spring is coming a few weeks earlier and fall is coming a few weeks later and the impact that will have on everything from our food supply to disease outbreaks. It is about what will happen to our lives and our communities when typical summer days in Chicago or Boston go from 90° F to 110°F. A heatwave, Goodell explains, is a predatory event— one that culls out the most vulnerable people. But that is changing. As heatwaves become more intense and more common, they will become more democratic. As an award-winning journalist who has been at the forefront of environmental journalism for decades, Goodell’s new book may be his most provocative yet, explaining how extreme heat will dramatically change the world as we know it. Masterfully reported, mixing the latest scientific insight with on-the-ground storytelling, Jeff Goodell tackles the big questions and uncovers how extreme heat is a force beyond anything we have reckoned with before.
£18.00
Taylor & Francis Ltd Geomythology
Book SynopsisGold-guarding griffins, Cyclopes, killer lakes, man-eating birds, and fire devils from the skysuch wonders have long been dismissed as fictional. Now, thanks to the richly interdisciplinary field of geomythology, researchers are taking a second look. It turns out that these and similar tales, which originated in pre-literate societies, contain surprisingly accurate, pre-scientific intuitions about startling or catastrophic earth-based phenomena such as volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, and the unearthing of bizarre animal bones. Geomythology: How Common Stories Reflect Earth Events provides an accessible, engaging overview of this hybrid discipline. The introductory chapter surveys geomythology's remarkable history and its core concepts, while the second and third chapters analyze the geomythical resonances of universal earth tales about dragons and giants. Chapter 4 narrows the focus to regional stories and discusses the ways these and other myths have influeTable of ContentsIntroduction: What is Geomythology? 1 Universal Geomyths (Part I)2 Universal Geomyths (Part II)3 Regional Geomyths 4 The Futures of Geomythology
£17.99
Farrar, Straus and Giroux basinandrange
Book SynopsisThe first of John McPhee''s works in his series on geology and geologists, Basin and Range is a book of journeys through ancient terrains, always in juxtaposition with travels in the modern worlda history of vanished landscapes, enhanced by the histories of people who bring them to light. The title refers to the physiographic province of the United States that reaches from eastern Utah to eastern California, a silent world of austere beauty, of hundreds of discrete high mountain ranges that are green with junipers and often white with snow. The terrain becomes the setting for a lyrical evocation of the science of geology, with important digressions into the plate-tectonics revolution and the history of the geologic time scale.
£15.30
Springer Stress and Strain Basic Concepts Of Continuum Mechanics For Geologists
Book SynopsisI Introductory.- 1 Material constitution of rocks.- 2 Mechanical state.- 3 Change in mechanical state.- 4 Mechanical significance of structure.- II Forces in Rocks.- 5 Classes of forces.- 6 Stress on a plane.- 7 The stress ellipsoid, I.- 8 The stress ellipsoid, II.- 9 Mohr circle for stress.- 10 Tensor components of stress.- 11 Cauchy's formula, transformation of tensor components.- 12 Stress fields.- 13 Stress history.- III Deformation of Rocks.- 14 Distortion and deformation, measures of distortion.- 15 The strain ellipsoid.- 16 Mohr circle for infinitesimal strain.- 17 Mohr circle for finite strain.- 18 Displacement and deformation gradients.- 19 Tensor components of infinitesimal strain, I.- 20 Tensor components of infinitesimal strain, II.- 21 Tensor components of finite strain, I.- 22 Tensor components of finite strain, II.- 23 Strain fields.- 24 Strain history.- IV Topics Involving Forces and Deformation.- 25 Hookean behavior.- 26 Newtonian behavior.- 27 Energy consumed in deforTable of ContentsI Introductory.- 1 Material constitution of rocks.- 2 Mechanical state.- 3 Change in mechanical state.- 4 Mechanical significance of structure.- II Forces in Rocks.- 5 Classes of forces.- 6 Stress on a plane.- 7 The stress ellipsoid, I.- 8 The stress ellipsoid, II.- 9 Mohr circle for stress.- 10 Tensor components of stress.- 11 Cauchy’s formula, transformation of tensor components.- 12 Stress fields.- 13 Stress history.- III Deformation of Rocks.- 14 Distortion and deformation, measures of distortion.- 15 The strain ellipsoid.- 16 Mohr circle for infinitesimal strain.- 17 Mohr circle for finite strain.- 18 Displacement and deformation gradients.- 19 Tensor components of infinitesimal strain, I.- 20 Tensor components of infinitesimal strain, II.- 21 Tensor components of finite strain, I.- 22 Tensor components of finite strain, II.- 23 Strain fields.- 24 Strain history.- IV Topics Involving Forces and Deformation.- 25 Hookean behavior.- 26 Newtonian behavior.- 27 Energy consumed in deformation.
£84.99
Copernicus The Biosphere
Book SynopsisOne The Biosphere in the Cosmos.- The Biosphere in the Cosmic Medium.- The Biosphere as a Region of Transformation of Cosmic Energy.- The Empirical Generalization and the Hypothesis.- Living Matter in the Biosphere.- The Multiplication of Organisms and Geochemical Energy in Living Matter 6o.- Photosynthetic Living Matter.- Some Remarks on Living Matter in the Mechanism of the Biosphere.- Two The Domain of Life.- The Biosphere: An Envelope of the Earth.- Living Matter of the First and Second Orders in the Biosphere 103 The Limits of Life.- The Limits of Life in the Biosphere.- Life in the Hydrosphere.- Geochemical Cycles of the Living Concentrations and Films of the Hydrosphere.- Living Matter on Land.- The Relationship Between the Living Films and Concentrations of the Hydrosphere and Those of Land.- Appendix I: A Biographical Chronology.- Appendix II: Vernadsky's Publications in English.- Acknowledgments.Table of ContentsOne The Biosphere in the Cosmos.- The Biosphere in the Cosmic Medium.- The Biosphere as a Region of Transformation of Cosmic Energy.- The Empirical Generalization and the Hypothesis.- Living Matter in the Biosphere.- The Multiplication of Organisms and Geochemical Energy in Living Matter 6o.- Photosynthetic Living Matter.- Some Remarks on Living Matter in the Mechanism of the Biosphere.- Two The Domain of Life.- The Biosphere: An Envelope of the Earth.- Living Matter of the First and Second Orders in the Biosphere 103 The Limits of Life.- The Limits of Life in the Biosphere.- Life in the Hydrosphere.- Geochemical Cycles of the Living Concentrations and Films of the Hydrosphere.- Living Matter on Land.- The Relationship Between the Living Films and Concentrations of the Hydrosphere and Those of Land.- Appendix I: A Biographical Chronology.- Appendix II: Vernadsky’s Publications in English.- Acknowledgments.
£28.49
WW Norton & Co Underland A Deep Time Journey
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Mesmerizing…Underland is a portal of light in dark times." -- Terry Tempest Williams - New York Times Book Review"An excellent book—fearless and subtle, empathic and strange." -- Dwight Garner - The New York Times"Reading Macfarlane connects us to dazzling new worlds. It's a connection that brings, more than anything else, joy." -- Barbara J. King - NPR"Incantatory…A worthy companion to the historian Simon Schama’s monumental Landscape and Memory." -- Marcia Bjornerud - Wall Street Journal"Brilliant." -- Peter Fish - San Francisco Chronicle"Exquisite. " -- Ryan J. Haupt - Science"Quietly prophetic. " -- Jedediah Purdy - Atlantic"Profound in every sense of the word." -- Richard Powers"Underland is a devastating act of witness and a clear, cogent, lyrical examination of the darknesses invisible beneath our feet." -- Lauren Groff"Underland is a profound reckoning with humankind’s self-imperiled position in nature’s eternal order. At once thrilling and soulful, raw and erudite, it is a book of revelations." -- Philip Gourevitch
£17.99
WW Norton & Co Super Volcanoes
Book SynopsisAn exhilarating, time-travelling journey to the solar system’s strangest and most awe-inspiring volcanoes.Trade Review"Super Volcanoes sculpt the sea, land and sky, and alter the machinery of life. Join science writer Robin George Andrews on a journey from Yellowstone, Tanzania and the ocean floor on Earth to the moon, Venus and Mars. " -- New Scientist"“In Super Volcanoes, Robin George Andrews takes readers on a Cook’s tour of volcanoes near and far, fuelling a broader curiosity about our planet and its place in the solar system... Andrews’s descriptions are breezy, readily engaging the reader… He is at his best when discussing those who live in the shadow of volcanoes and, especially, the scientists who study them.”" -- Andrew H. Knoll - Times Literary Supplement
£19.79
W. W. Norton & Company Essentials of Geology
Book Synopsis
£86.83
WW Norton & Co Earth
Book Synopsis
£135.32
Springer Igneous Petrogenesis A Global Tectonic Approach
Book SynopsisMagmatism and Global Tectonic Processes.- Relation of present-day magmatism to global tectonic processes.- Geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks as petrogenetic indicators.- Partial melting processes in the Earth's upper mantle.- Processes which modify the composition of primary magmas.- Magmatism at Constructive Plate Margins.- Mid-ocean ridges.- Magmatism at Destructive Plate Margins.- Island arcs.- Active Continental Margins.- Back-arc Basins.- Magmatism within Plates.- Oceanic islands.- Continental Tholeiitic Flood Basalt Provinces.- Continental Rift Zone Magmatism.- Potassic Magmatism within Continental Plates.Table of ContentsMagmatism and Global Tectonic Processes.- Relation of present-day magmatism to global tectonic processes.- Geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks as petrogenetic indicators.- Partial melting processes in the Earth’s upper mantle.- Processes which modify the composition of primary magmas.- Magmatism at Constructive Plate Margins.- Mid-ocean ridges.- Magmatism at Destructive Plate Margins.- Island arcs.- Active Continental Margins.- Back-arc Basins.- Magmatism within Plates.- Oceanic islands.- Continental Tholeiitic Flood Basalt Provinces.- Continental Rift Zone Magmatism.- Potassic Magmatism within Continental Plates.
£67.99
Springer Rockforming Minerals in Thin Section
Book SynopsisA Optical Crystallography.- 1 The polarizing microscope.- 2 Orthoscopic observations.- 3 Observations under conoscopic light.- B Optical Mineralogy.- 1 Opaque minerals and substances.- 2 Optically isotropic (also pseudocubic) minerals and amorphous substances.- 3 Optically uniaxial minerals.- 4 Biaxial crystals.- C Appendices.- 1 Tables for the microscopic identification of rock-forming minerals.- 2 Diagrams for the classification of magmatic rocks.- 3 Diagrams of mineral and rock structures.Table of ContentsA Optical Crystallography.- 1 The polarizing microscope.- 1.1 Microscope components and their function.- 1.2 Accessory equipment.- 1.3 Adjustment of the microscope.- 1.3.1 Centring the condensing lens.- 1.3.2 Centring the objective.- 2 Orthoscopic observations.- 2.1 Observations with one polarizer.- 2.1.1 Light impervious (opaque) minerals and substances.- 2.1.2 Transparent minerals and substances.- 2.1.2.1 Characteristic crystal shapes.- 2.1.2.2 Cleavage.- 2.1.2.3 Colour and pleochroism.- 2.1.2.4 Refractive index: relief, chagrin, and the Becke line.- 2.2 Observations under crossed polars.- 2.2.1 Passage of light through isotropic media.- 2.2.2 Passage of light through anisotropic media.- 2.2.2.1 Birefringence and polarization.- 2.2.2.2 The indicatrix model.- 2.2.2.3 Optical character of elongation.- 2.2.2.4 Parallel, symmetric and oblique extinction.- 2.2.2.5 Twinning.- 3 Observations under conoscopic light.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Conoscopic examination of optically uniaxial crystals.- 3.2.1 Conoscopic images of uniaxial crystals in different orientations.- 3.2.2 Determination of the optical character of uniaxial crystals.- 3.3 Determination of the optical character of biaxial minerals in the conoscopic light path.- 3.3.1 Conoscopic images of biaxial minerals in different orientations.- 3.3.2 Identification of the optical character of biaxial crystals.- 3.3.3 Estimation of the optic axial angle 2V.- 3.3.4 Determination of optic axial angles 2V in oblique section.- Summary 1: Mineral identification with the polarizing microscope.- Summary 2: Protocol of mineral identification in thin section.- B Optical Mineralogy.- 1 Opaque minerals and substances.- 1.1 Magnetite.- 1.2 Ilmenite.- 1.3 Hematite.- 1.4 Pyrite.- 1.5 Pyrrhotite.- 1.6 Graphite.- 1.7 Carbonaceous substances.- 2 Optically isotropic (also pseudocubic) minerals and amorphous substances.- 2.1 Perovskite.- 2.2 Spinel group.- 2.3 Pyrochlore and koppite.- 2.4 Garnet group.- 2.4.1 Pyrope.- 2.4.2 Almandine.- 2.4.3 Grossularite.- 2.4.4 Melanite.- 2.5 Leucite.- 2.6 Sodalite group.- 2.7 Analcite.- 2.8 Cristobalite.- 2.9 Fluorite.- 2.10 Amorphous minerals, glass and cryptocrystalline material.- 2.10.1 Limonite.- 2.10.2 Opal.- 2.10.3 Rock-glass.- 3 Optically uniaxial minerals.- 3.1 Minerals which are optically uniaxial positive.- 3.1.1 Rutile.- 3.1.2 Cassiterite.- 3.1.3 Zircon.- 3.1.4 Xenotime.- 3.1.5 Melilite group.- 3.1.6 SiO2 group.- 3.1.6.1 Quartz.- 3.1.6.2 Chalcedony.- 3.1.6.3 Tridymite.- 3.1.7 Chabazite.- 3.2 Minerals with uniaxial negative character.- 3.2.1 Anatase.- 3.2.2 Trigonal carbonate group.- 3.2.2.1 Calcite.- 3.2.2.2 Dolomite.- 3.2.2.3 Magnesite.- 3.2.2.4 Siderite.- 3.2.3 Corundum.- 3.2.4 Vesuvianite.- 3.2.5 Tourmaline.- 3.2.6 Apatite.- 3.2.7 Beryl.- 3.2.8 Nepheline.- 3.2.9 Scapolite group.- 3.2.10 Apophyllite.- 3.2.11 Cancrinite.- 4 Biaxial crystals.- 4.1 Olivine group.- 4.2 Pyroxene group.- 4.2.1 Orthopyroxene group: enstatite, bronzite, hypersthene.- 4.2.2 Clinopyroxenes.- 4.2.2.1 Diopside group.- 4.2.2.2 Augite group.- 4.2.2.3 Titanaugite.- 4.2.2.4 Pigeonite.- 4.2.2.5 Aegirine-augite series.- 4.2.2.6 Jadeite.- 4.2.2.7 Omphacite.- Determination of the maximum extinction angle for pyroxenes and amphiboles.- 4.3 Amphibole group.- 4.3.1 Actinolite group.- 4.3.2 Green (‘common’) hornblende.- 4.3.3 Brown hornblende.- 4.3.4 Glaucophane and crossite.- 4.3.5 Arfvedsonite and riebeckite.- 4.4 Mica group.- 4.4.1 Muscovite.- 4.4.2 Phengite.- 4.4.3 Lithionite series.- 4.4.3.1 Lepidolite.- 4.4.3.2 Zinnwaldite.- 4.4.4 Biotite series.- 4.4.4.1 Phlogopite.- 4.4.4.2 Biotite s.s..- 4.4.5 Oxybiotite.- 4.4.6 Titanbiotite.- 4.5 Stilpnomelane.- 4.6 Glauconite and celadonite.- 4.7 Talc.- 4.8 Chlorite group.- 4.8.1 Orthochlorite.- 4.8.2 Leptochlorite.- 4.9 Serpentine group.- 4.9.1 Antigorite.- 4.9.2 Chrysotile.- 4.10 Feldspar family.- 4.10.1 Alkali feldspars.- 4.10.1.1 Sanidine.- 4.10.1.2 Orthoclase.- 4.10.1.3 Anorthoclase.- 4.10.1.4 Microcline.- 4.10.2 Plagioclase series.- 4.11 Zeolite family.- 4.11.1 Fibrous zeolites.- 4.11.1.1 Natrolite.- 4.11.1.2 Mesolite.- 4.11.1.3 Thomsonite.- 4.11.1.4 Scolecite.- 4.11.1.5 Mordenite.- 4.11.1.6 Laumontite.- 4.11.2 Flaky zeolites.- 4.11.2.1 Heulandite.- 4.11.2.2 Stilbite.- 4.11.2.3 Epistilbite.- 4.11.3 Cubic zeolites.- 4.11.3.1 Phillipsite.- 4.11.3.2 Harmotome.- 4.12 Aenigmatite (cossyrite).- 4.13 Sphene (titanite).- 4.14 Topaz.- 4.15 Cordierite.- 4.16 Al2SiO5 group.- 4.16.1 Andalusite.- 4.16.2 Sillimanite.- 4.16.3 Kyanite.- 4.17 Staurolite.- 4.18 Wollastonite.- 4.19 Chloritoid.- 4.20 Epidote zoisite group.- 4.20.1 Zoisite.- 4.20.2 Epidote.- 4.20.3 Clinozoisite.- 4.20.4 Orthite (allanite).- 4.21 Pumpellyite.- 4.22 Lawsonite.- 4.23 Anhydrite.- 4.24 Gypsum.- 4.25 Aragonite.- 4.26 Barite.- 4.27 Goethite.- 4.28 Prehnite.- C Appendices.- 1 Tables for the microscopic identification of rock-forming minerals.- 2 Diagrams for the classification of magmatic rocks.- 3 Diagrams of mineral and rock structures.
£123.49
Taylor & Francis Ltd Essay on the Theory of the Earth 1813 The
Book SynopsisBased at the Parisian Museum of Natural History, Cuvier was able to compare the fossil bones he dug from the quarries of Montmartre with those of animals alive today. Guided by the principle of correlation, that all the parts of an animal must cohere, and by analogy, with living species, Cuvier boldly reconstructed extinct creatures from the incomplete skeletons he unearthed. This process is described in his Essay on the Theory of the Earth.Table of Contents1. Preliminary Observations, 2. Plan of this Essay, 3. Of the first Appearance of the Earth. 4. First Proofs of Revolutions on the Surface of the Earth, 5. Proofs that such Revolutions have been numerous, 6. Proofs that the Revolutions have been sudden, 7. Proofs of the Occurrence of Revolutions before the Existence of Living Beings, 8. Examination of the Causes which act at present on the Surface of our Globe, 9. Of Slips, or Falling Down of the Materials of Mountains, 10. Of Alluvial Formations, 11. Of the Formation of Downs, 12. Of the Formation of Cliffs, or steep Shores, 13. Of Depositions formed in Water, 14. Of Stalactites, 15. Of Lithophytes, 16. Of Incrustations, 17. Of Volcanoes, 18. Of Astronomical Causes of the Revolutions on the Earth’s Surface, 19. Of former Systems of Geology, 20. Diversities of the Geological Systems, and their Causes, 21. Statement of the Nature and Conditions of the Problem to be solved, 22. Of the Progress of Mineral Geology, 23. Of the Importance of Extraneous Fossils, or Petrifactions, in Geology, 24. High Importance of investigating the Fossil Remains of Quadrupeds, 25. Of the small Probability of discovering new Species of the larger Quadrupeds, 26. Enquiry respecting the Fabulous Animals of the Ancients, 27. Of the Difficulty of distinguishing the Fossil Bones of Quadrupeds, 28. Results of the Researches respecting the Fossil Bones of Quadrupeds, 29. Relations of the Species of Fossil Bones, with the Strata in which they are found, 30. Proofs that the extinct Species of Quadrupeds are not Varieties of the present existing Species, 31. Proofs that there are no Human Bones in the Fossil State, 32. Proofs of the recent Population of the World, and that its present Surface is not of very ancient Formation, 33. Proofs, from Traditions, of a great Catastrophe, and subsequent Renewal of Human Society, 34. Proofs derived from several miscellaneous Considerations, 35. Concluding Reflections, Supplement, being an extract from the Researches of M. de Prony, on the Hydraulic System of Italy: containing an Account of the Displacement of that Part of the Coast of the Adriatic which is occupied by the Mouths of the Po, Appendix, containing Mineralogical Notes, and an Account of Cuvier’s Geological Discoveries
£285.00
Taylor & Francis Ltd Evaluation and Prevention of Natural Risks
Book SynopsisThe assessment and prevention of risks inherent to natural phenomena is of topical interest to the scientific community and other authorities dealing with territorial management. Historical analysis carried out in the Piemonte-territory in north-western Italy, focusing on the consequences of hydrogeological risks, reveals that damage is continually increasing. This can partly be explained by the consistent expansion of urbanized areas at the expense of areas that are essential to the natural modelling processes of the region; the damage resulting from hydrogeological instability often being associated with incompatible territorial decisions. This text gives a detailed account of a series of experiences related to activities that ARPA Piemonte has carried out focusing on the cognitive and forecasting aspects related to risk assessment and alerting procedures. Table of ContentsPRESENTATIONFOREWORD1. INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPT OF HAZARD AND RISK1.1 FORECASTING, HAZARD, AND RISKS RELATED TO NATURAL PHENOMENA1.2 FORECASTING NATURAL PHENOMENA FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT1.3 A KNOWLEDGE BASE AND THE DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE AS SUPPORTS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF HAZARD AND RISK1.4 GLOSSARY2. THE ASSESSMENT OF HAZARD AND RISK2.1 METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA2.2 THE LARGE ALPINE LANDSLIDES2.3 ROCK FALLS2.4 SHALLOW LANDSLIDES2.5 TORRENTIAL PROCESSES2.6 AVALANCHES2.7 RIVER FLOODING3. FORECASTING AND WARNING 3 FORECASTING AND ALERTS3.1 METEOROLOGICAL FORECASTING3.2 INDICATORS OF RAINFALL HAZARD3.3 TOWARDS A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO FORECASTING METHODS3.4 FORECASTING FLOODS3.5 FORECASTING LANDSLIDES4. THE UNCERTAINTY OF FORECASTING AND ASSESSMENT METHODS4.1 THE UNCERTAINTY OF FORECASTING METHODS4.2 THE CASE OF THE SCRIVIA RIVER ON SEPTEMBER 15-16, 20044.3 THE DEBRIS FLOW OF THE RIO FREJUS (BARDONECCHIA) - AUGUST 6, 20045 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
£204.25
CRC Press Central America Two Volume Set
Book SynopsisAn integrated treatment of the principal fields of classical and applied geosciences of Central America, this authoritative two-volume monograph treats the region as a whole, exploring geology, earth resources and geo-hazards across political boundaries. It reviews the published literature, and supplements it with an abundance of information from ongoing investigations and internal reports.The compendium is a result of four years' collaborative work by the editors and more than ninety experts from eighteen countries. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of geology, geography, biology, and engineering at the local, regional and international level. In a region which is rich in geological resources and where natural disasters are frequent, the monograph is a solid base for local and international institutions concerned with land-use, infrastructure, water and energy resources, and mining, as well as with hazard reduction and disaster prevention.
£356.25
Taylor & Francis Ltd Aquifer Systems Management Darcys Legacy in a
Book SynopsisBy 2050, the demand for water to sustain world agriculture will increase by seventy-five per cent in order to feed an estimated nine billion inhabitants. Increased amounts of water will be required for irrigation and for industrial and domestic use. Natural ecosystems will be threatened by the expansion of agricultural land and by a reduction in water availability, while climate change will exacerbate the situation. Management of available resources, particularly groundwater, will become more critical and aquifers will need to be managed for the benefit of all. These selected papers were first presented at the International Association of Hydrogeologists, Dijon 2006, and are divided into six themes: large aquifers, resource assessment; large aquifers, water salinity and evolution; karstic and carbonate aquifer systems; geothermal aquifer systems; aquifer contamination studies and aquifer monitoring systems and management. The volume also includes a short biography oTable of ContentsPart 1: A Tribute to Henry Darcy’s Legacy Part 2: The Measure of Permeability Part 3: Complex Hydrogeological Systems 1. Large Aquifers, Assessment of the Resource 2. Large Aquifers, Water Salinity and its Evolution with Exploitation 3. Karstic and Carbonate Aquifer Systems 4. Geothermal Aquifer Systems 5. Aquifer Contamination Studies 6. Aquifer Monitoring Systems and Management Rules
£228.00
Taylor & Francis Ltd WaterRock Interaction Two Volume Set
Book Synopsis
£308.75
Taylor & Francis Ltd Foundations of Engineering Geology
Book SynopsisNow in full colour, the third edition of this well established book provides a readable and highly illustrated overview of the aspects of geology that are most significant to civil engineers.Sections in the book include those devoted to the main rock types, weathering, ground investigation, rock mass strength, failures of old mines, subsidence on peats and clays, sinkholes on limestone and chalk, water in landslides, slope stabilization and understanding ground conditions. The roles of both natural and man-induced processes are assessed, and this understanding is developed into an appreciation of the geological environments potentially hazardous to civil engineering and construction projects. For each style of difficult ground, available techniques of site investigation and remediation are reviewed and evaluated.Each topic is presented as a double page spread with a careful mix of text and diagrams, with tabulated reference material on parameters such as bearing strengTrade Review"A useful source for a quick insight into the subject or a reminder for the practising engineer when difficult ground is encountered."—Ground Engineering"This is an excellent book that will be invaluable not only as a textbook for students taking an engineering geology, geology or civil engineering course but also as a reference book/aide memoire in later years as they (and we more advanced practitioners) follow their careers."—Geological MagazineTable of ContentsGeology. Igneous Rocks. Surface Processes. Sedimentary Rocks. Metamorphic Rocks. Geological Structures. Geological Maps. Map Interpretation. Tectonics. Boundary Hazards. Rocks of Britain. Rocks of the US. Weathering and Soils. Floodplains and Alluvium. Glacial Deposits. Climatic Variants. Coastal Processes. Groundwater. Ground Investigation. Desk Study. Ground Investigation Boreholes. Geophysical Surveys. Assessment of Difficult Ground. Rock Strength. Rock Mass Strength. Soil Strength. Ground Subsidence. Subsidence on Clays. Subsidence on Limestone. Subsidence Over Old Mines. Mining Subsidence. Slope Failure and Landslides. Water in Landslides. Soil Failures and Flowslides. Landslide Hazards. Slope Stabilization. Ground Conditions. Rock Excavation. Tunnels in Rock. Stone and Aggregate. Appendices. Rock Mass Quality Q System. Abbreviations and Notation. Further Reading. Index.
£26.59
CRC Press A Geology for Engineers Seventh Edition
Book SynopsisNo engineering structure can be built on the ground or within it without the influence of geology being experienced by the engineer. Yet geology is an ancillary subject to students of engineering and it is therefore essential that their training is supported by a concise, reliable and usable text on geology and its relationship to engineering. In this book all the fundamental aspects of geology are described and explained, but within the limits thought suitable for engineers.It describes the structure of the earth and the operation of its internal processes, together with the geological processes that shape the earth and produce its rocks and soils. It also details the commonly occurring types of rock and soil, and many types of geological structure and geological maps. Care has been taken to focus on the relationship between geology and geomechanics, so emphasis has been placed on the geological processes that bear directly upon the composition, structure and mechanics of soil and rocks, and on the movement of groundwater. The descriptions of geological processes and their products are used as the basis for explaining why it is important to investigate the ground, and to show how the investigations may be conducted at ground level and underground. Specific instruction is provided on the relationship between geology and many common activities undertaken when engineering in rock and soil.Trade ReviewThis well-known textbook...remains the doyen of the field: a book for all seasons...written with balance, care and understanding.*GeotechniqueTable of ContentsThe Earth: Surface, structure and age; Geological history; Surface processes; Minerals; Igneous rocks; Sedimentary rocks; Metamorphic rocks; Geological structures; Strength of geological material; Ground investigations; Laboratory investigations; Geological maps; Groundwater; Slope stability; Reservoirs and dams; Excavations; Ground treatment and support; Development and redevelopment
£56.04
John Wiley and Sons Ltd The Blue Planet Binder Ready Version An
Book Synopsis
£133.90
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Basin Analysis
Book SynopsisThe most complete reference in its field, this new edition of the leading basin analysis textbook retains the successful structure of previous editions, emphasizing relatively simple theory and models to give students a firm quantitative understanding of the topic.Table of ContentsCompanion website details x Preface to the third edition xi Part 1 The foundations of sedimentary basins 1 1 Basins in their geodynamic environment 3 Summary 3 1.1 Introduction and rationale 3 1.2 Compositional zonation of the Earth 6 1.2.1 Oceanic crust 6 1.2.2 Continental crust 7 1.2.3 Mantle 8 1.3 Rheological zonation of the Earth 8 1.3.1 Lithosphere 8 1.3.2 Sub-lithospheric mantle 10 1.4 Geodynamic background 10 1.4.1 Plate tectonics, seismicity and deformation 10 1.4.2 The geoid 12 1.4.3 Topography and isostasy 14 1.4.4 Heat flow 14 1.4.5 Cycles of plate reorganisation 15 1.5 Classification schemes of sedimentary basins 15 1.5.1 Basin-forming mechanisms 16 2 The physical state of the lithosphere 20 Summary 20 2.1 Stress and strain 21 2.1.1 Stresses in the lithosphere 21 2.1.2 Strain in the lithosphere 23 2.1.3 Linear elasticity 25 2.1.4 Flexure in two dimensions 27 2.1.5 Flexural isostasy 28 2.1.6 Effects of temperature and pressure on rock density 29 2.2 Heat flow 31 2.2.1 Fundamentals 31 2.2.2 The geotherm 31 2.2.3 Radiogenic heat production 33 2.2.4 Effect of erosion and sediment blanketing on the geotherm 36 2.2.5 Transient effects of erosion and deposition on the continental geotherm 37 2.2.6 Effect of variable thermal conductivity 38 2.2.7 Time-dependent heat conduction: the case of cooling oceanic lithosphere 39 2.2.8 Convection, the adiabat and mantle viscosity 41 2.3 Rock rheology and lithospheric strength profiles 43 2.3.1 Fundamentals on constitutive laws 43 2.3.2 Rheology of the mantle 44 2.3.3 Rheology of the continental crust 46 2.3.4 Strength profiles of the lithosphere 47 Part 2 The mechanics of sedimentary basin formation 51 3 Basins due to lithospheric stretching 53 Summary 53 3.1 Introduction 54 3.1.1 Basins of the rift–drift suite 54 3.1.2 Models of continental extension 54 3.2 Geological and geophysical observations in regions of continental extension 56 3.2.1 Cratonic basins 56 3.2.2 Rifts 60 3.2.3 Failed rifts 67 3.2.4 Continental rim basins 67 3.2.5 Proto-oceanic troughs 68 3.2.6 Passive continental margins 70 3.3 Uniform stretching of the continental lithosphere 72 3.3.1 The ‘reference’ uniform stretching model 72 3.3.2 Uniform stretching at passive continental margins 76 3.4 Modifications to the uniform stretching model 78 3.4.1 Protracted periods of rifting 78 3.4.2 Non-uniform (depth-dependent) stretching 80 3.4.3 Pure versus simple shear 83 3.4.4 Elevated asthenospheric temperatures 84 3.4.5 Magmatic activity 84 3.4.6 Induced mantle convection 85 3.4.7 Radiogenic heat production 86 3.4.8 Flexural compensation 86 3.4.9 The depth of necking 86 3.4.10 Phase changes 87 3.5 A dynamical approach to lithospheric extension 88 3.5.1 Generalities 88 3.5.2 Forces on the continental lithosphere 90 3.5.3 Rheology of the continental lithosphere 92 3.5.4 Numerical and analogue experiments on strain rate during continental extension 93 3.6 Estimation of the stretch factor and strain rate history 95 3.6.1 Estimation of the stretch factor from thermal subsidence history 95 3.6.2 Estimation of the stretch factor from crustal thickness changes 95 3.6.3 Estimation of the stretch factor from forward tectonostratigraphic modelling 96 3.6.4 Inversion of strain rate history from subsidence data 97 3.6.5 Multiple phases of rifting 97 4 Basins due to flexure 98 Summary 98 4.1 Basic observations in regions of lithospheric flexure 99 4.1.1 Ice cap growth and melting 99 4.1.2 Oceanic seamount chains 100 4.1.3 Flexure beneath sediment loads 101 4.1.4 Ocean trenches 103 4.1.5 Mountain ranges, fold-thrust belts and foreland basins 104 4.2 Flexure of the lithosphere: geometry of the defl ection 104 4.2.1 Deflection of a continuous plate under a point load (2D) or line load (3D) 104 4.2.2 Deflection of a broken plate under a line load 106 4.2.3 Deflection of a continuous plate under a distributed load 107 4.2.4 Bending stresses 108 4.3 Flexural rigidity of oceanic and continental lithosphere 109 4.3.1 Controls on the fl exural rigidity of oceanic lithosphere 109 4.3.2 Flexure of the continental lithosphere 111 4.4 Lithospheric buckling and in-plane stress 116 4.4.1 Theory: linear elasticity 116 4.4.2 Lithospheric buckling in nature and in numerical experiments 117 4.4.3 Origin of intraplate stresses 118 4.5 Orogenic wedges 118 4.5.1 Introduction to basins at convergent boundaries 118 4.5.2 The velocity fi eld at sites of plate convergence 120 4.5.3 Critical taper theory 120 4.5.4 Double vergence 125 4.5.5 Analogue models 127 4.5.6 Numerical approaches to orogenic wedge development 128 4.5.7 Low Péclet number intracontinental orogens 130 4.5.8 Horizontal in-plane forces during convergent orogenesis 130 4.6 Foreland basin systems 131 4.6.1 Introduction 131 4.6.2 Depositional zones 132 4.6.3 Diffusive models of mountain belt erosion and basin deposition 135 4.6.4 Coupled tectonic-erosion dynamical models of orogenic wedges 138 4.6.5 Modelling aspects of foreland basin stratigraphy 144 5 Effects of mantle dynamics 153 Summary 153 5.1 Fundamentals and observations 154 5.1.1 Introduction: mantle dynamics and plate tectonics 154 5.1.2 Buoyancy and scaling relationships: introductory theory 155 5.1.3 Flow patterns in the mantle 156 5.1.4 Seismic tomography 159 5.1.5 Plate mode versus plume mode 159 5.1.6 The geoid 162 5.2 Surface topography and bathymetry produced by mantle flow 164 5.2.1 Introduction: dynamic topography and buoyancy 164 5.2.2 Dynamic topography associated with subducting slabs 167 5.2.3 Dynamic topography associated with supercontinental assembly and dispersal 170 5.2.4 Dynamic topography associated with small-scale convection 173 5.2.5 Pulsing plumes 175 5.2.6 Hotspots, coldspots and wetspots 176 5.3 Mantle dynamics and magmatic activity 178 5.3.1 Melt generation during continental extension 179 5.3.2 Large igneous provinces 180 5.3.3 The northern North Atlantic and the Iceland plume 180 5.3.4 The Afar region, Ethiopia 180 5.4 Mantle dynamics and basin development 181 5.4.1 Topography, denudation and river drainage 181 5.4.2 Cratonic basins 183 5.4.3 The history of sea-level change and the fl ooding of continental interiors 183 6 Basins associated with strike-slip deformation 188 Summary 188 6.1 Overview 189 6.1.1 Geological, geomorphological and geophysical observations 189 6.1.2 Diversity of basins in strike-slip zones 193 6.2 The structural pattern of strike-slip fault systems 194 6.2.1 Structural features of the principal displacement zone (PDZ) 194 6.2.2 Role of oversteps 200 6.3 Basins in strike-slip zones 201 6.3.1 Geometric properties of pull-apart basins 201 6.3.2 Kinematic models for pull-apart basins 203 6.3.3 Continuum development from a releasing bend: evolutionary sequence of a pull-apart basin 206 6.3.4 Strike-slip deformation and pull-apart basins in obliquely convergent orogens 207 6.4 Modelling of pull-apart basins 209 6.4.1 Numerical models 209 6.4.2 Sandbox experiments: pure strike-slip versus transtension 215 6.4.3 Application of model of uniform extension to pull-apart basins 215 6.4.4 Pull-apart basin formation and thin-skinned tectonics: the Vienna Basin 216 6.5 Characteristic depositional systems 217 Part 3 The sedimentary basin-fill 223 7 The sediment routing system 225 Summary 225 7.1 The sediment routing system in basin analysis 226 7.2 The erosional engine 227 7.2.1 Weathering and the regolith 227 7.2.2 Terrestrial sediment and solute yields 233 7.2.3 BQART equations 243 7.2.4 Chemical weathering and global biogeochemical cycles 246 7.3 Measurements of erosion rates 246 7.3.1 Rock uplift, exhumation and surface uplift 246 7.3.2 Point-wise erosion rates from thermochronometers 247 7.3.3 Catchment-scale erosion rates from cosmogenic radionuclides 248 7.3.4 Catchment erosion rates using low-temperature thermochronometers 251 7.3.5 Erosion rates at different temporal and spatial scales 254 7.4 Channel-hillslope processes 256 7.4.1 Modelling hillslopes 256 7.4.2 Bedrock river incision 259 7.5 Long-range sediment transport and deposition 260 7.5.1 Principles of long-range sediment transport 260 7.5.2 Sediment transport in marine segments of the sediment routing system 263 7.5.3 Depositional sinks: sediment storage 265 7.5.4 Downstream fining 271 7.6 Joined-up thinking: teleconnections in source-to-sink systems 273 7.6.1 Provenance and tracers; detrital thermochronology 273 7.6.2 Mapping of the sediment routing system fairway 275 7.6.3 Landscape evolution models and response times 275 7.6.4 Interaction of axial and longitudinal drainage 282 8 Basin stratigraphy 284 Summary 284 8.1 A primer on process stratigraphy 285 8.1.1 Introduction 285 8.1.2 Accommodation, sediment supply and sea level 285 8.1.3 Simple 1D forward models from fi rst principles 286 8.2 Stratigraphic cycles: defi nition and recognition 289 8.2.1 The hierarchy from beds to megasequences 289 8.2.2 Forcing mechanisms 299 8.2.3 Unforced cyclicity 306 8.3 Dynamical approaches to stratigraphy 308 8.3.1 Carbonate stratigraphy 308 8.3.2 Siliciclastic stratigraphy 308 8.3.3 Shelf-edge and shoreline trajectories; clinoform progradation 310 8.4 Landscapes into rock 315 8.4.1 Stratigraphic completeness 315 8.4.2 Gating models 318 8.4.3 Hierarchies and upscaling 322 8.4.4 Magnitude-frequency relationships 324 9 Subsidence history 326 Summary 326 9.1 Introduction to subsidence analysis 327 9.2 Compressibility and compaction of porous sediments: fundamentals 327 9.2.1 Effective stress 328 9.2.2 Overpressure 328 9.3 Porosity and permeability of sediments and sedimentary rocks 330 9.3.1 Measurements of porosity in the subsurface 331 9.3.2 Porosity-depth relationships 333 9.3.3 Porosity and layer thicknesses during burial 334 9.4 Subsidence history and backstripping 335 9.4.1 Backstripping techniques 335 9.5 Tectonic subsidence signatures 339 10 Thermal history 343 Summary 343 10.1 Introduction 344 10.2 Theory: the Arrhenius equation and maturation indices 344 10.3 Factors influencing temperatures and paleotemperatures in sedimentary basins 345 10.3.1 Effects of thermal conductivity 345 10.3.2 Effects of internal heat generation in sediments 347 10.3.3 Effects of sedimentation rate and sediment blanketing 348 10.3.4 Effects of advective heat transport by fluids 349 10.3.5 Effects of surface temperature changes 349 10.3.6 Heat flow around salt domes 350 10.3.7 Heat flow around fractures 351 10.3.8 Heat flows around sills, dykes and underplates 351 10.3.9 Thermal effects of delamination 354 10.4 Measurements of thermal maturity in sedimentary basins 354 10.4.1 Estimation of formation temperature from borehole measurements 355 10.4.2 Organic indicators 355 10.4.3 Low-temperature thermochronometers 358 10.4.4 Mineralogical and geochemical indices 360 10.5 Application of thermal maturity measurements 361 10.5.1 Vitrinite refl ectance (Ro) profi les 361 10.5.2 Fission track age-depth relationships 366 10.5.3 Quartz cementation 366 10.6 Geothermal and paleogeothermal signatures of basin types 367 Part 4 Application to petroleum play assessment 371 11 Building blocks of the petroleum play 373 Summary 373 11.1 From basin analysis to play concept 374 11.2 The petroleum system and play concept 374 11.2.1 Play defi nition 374 11.2.2 The petroleum system 375 11.2.3 Definition and mapping of the play fairway 376 11.3 The source rock 379 11.3.1 The biological origin of petroleum 380 11.3.2 Source rock prediction 384 11.3.3 Detection and measurement of source rocks 391 11.4 The petroleum charge 393 11.4.1 Some chemical and physical properties of petroleum 393 11.4.2 Petroleum generation 395 11.4.3 Primary migration: expulsion from the source rock 396 11.4.4 Secondary migration: through carrier bed to trap 398 11.4.5 Alteration of petroleum 401 11.4.6 Tertiary migration: leakage to surface 402 11.5 The reservoir 402 11.5.1 Introduction 403 11.5.2 Reservoir properties: porosity and permeability 404 11.5.3 Primary or depositional factors affecting reservoir quality 404 11.5.4 Diagenetic changes to reservoir rocks 406 11.5.5 Reservoir architecture and heterogeneity 408 11.5.6 Carbonate reservoir quality in relation to sea-level change 410 11.5.7 Models for clay mineral early diagenesis in sandstone reservoirs 413 11.5.8 Fractures 413 11.6 The regional topseal 415 11.6.1 The mechanics of sealing 416 11.6.2 Factors affecting caprock effectiveness 416 11.6.3 The depositional settings of caprocks 417 11.7 The trap 419 11.7.1 Introduction: trap classification 419 11.7.2 Structural traps 420 11.7.3 Stratigraphic traps 430 11.7.4 Intrusive traps: injectites 432 11.7.5 Hydrodynamic traps 433 11.7.6 Timing of trap formation 433 11.8 Global distribution of petroleum resources 434 12 Classic and unconventional plays 436 Summary 436 12.1 Classic petroleum plays 437 12.1.1 Introduction 437 12.1.2 Niger Delta 437 12.1.3 Campos Basin, Brazil 439 12.1.4 Santos Basin pre-salt play, Brazil 440 12.1.5 Northwest Shelf, Australia (Dampier sub-basin) 441 12.2 Unconventional petroleum plays 442 12.2.1 Introduction 442 12.2.2 Tight gas 443 12.2.3 Shale gas 444 12.2.4 Coal seam gas 445 12.2.5 Gas hydrates 445 12.2.6 Oil sands and heavy oil 446 12.3 Geosequestration: an emerging application 449 Appendices: derivations and practical exercises 455 1 Rock density as a function of depth 457 2 Airy isostatic balance 459 3 Deviatoric stress at the edge of a continental block 461 4 Lateral buoyancy forces in the lithosphere 463 5 Derivation of flexural rigidity and the general flexure equation 465 6 Flexural isostasy 468 7 The 1D heat conduction equation 470 8 Derivation of the continental geotherm 472 9 Radiogenic heat production 473 10 Surface heat fl ow and the radiogenic contribution 475 11 Radiogenic heat production of various rock types 477 12 Effects of erosion and deposition on the geotherm 479 13 Effects of variable radiogenic heating and thermal conductivity on the geotherm in the basin-fill 481 14 The mantle adiabat and peridotite solidus 485 15 Lithospheric strength envelopes 487 16 Rift zones: strain rate, extension velocity and bulk strain 490 17 The ‘reference’ uniform extension model 492 18 Boundary conditions for lithospheric stretching 494 19 Subsidence as a function of the stretch factor 496 20 Inversion of the stretch factor from thermal subsidence data 497 21 Calculation of the instantaneous syn-rift subsidence 499 22 The transient temperature solution 501 23 Heat flow during uniform stretching using a Fourier series 503 24 The stretch factor for extension along crustal faults 505 25 Protracted rifting times during continental extension 507 26 Lithospheric extension and melting 508 27 Igneous underplating – an isostatic balance 509 28 Uniform stretching at passive margins 510 29 Flexure of continuous and broken plates 511 30 The time scale of fl exural isostatic rebound or subsidence 513 31 Flexural rigidity derived from uplifted lake paleoshorelines 515 32 Deflection under a distributed load – Jordan (1981) solution 516 33 Deflection under a distributed load – numerical solution of Wangen (2010) 517 34 Deflection under a periodic distributed load 519 35 Flexural unloading from a distributed load – the cantilever effect 520 36 Bending from multiple loads: the Hellenides and Apennines in central Italy–Albania 522 37 Flexural profiles, subsidence history and the flexural forebulge unconformity 524 38 Bending stresses in an elastic plate 525 39 In-plane forces and surface topography during orogenesis 527 40 The onset of convection 529 41 A global predictor for sediment discharge: the BQART equations 530 42 Modelling hillslopes 532 43 The sediment continuity (Exner) equation 534 44 Use of the stream power rule 535 45 Effects of tectonic uplift on stream longitudinal profiles 537 46 Estimation of the uplift rate from an area-slope analysis 539 47 Uplift history from stream profiles characterised by knickpoint migration 540 48 Sediment deposition using the heat equation 541 49 Axial versus transverse drainage 542 50 Downstream fining of gravel 545 51 Sinusoidal eustatic change superimposed on background tectonic subsidence 546 52 Isostatic effects of absolute sea-level change 547 53 Sea-level change resulting from sedimentation 548 54 The consolidation line 549 55 Relation between porosity and permeability – the Kozeny-Carman relationship 550 56 Decompaction 551 57 Backstripping 555 58 From decompaction to thermal history 556 59 Advective heat transport by fl uids 562 60 Heat flow in fractured rock 563 References 564 Index 603
£52.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Atmosphere and Ocean
Book SynopsisThe Atmosphere and Ocean is a fully revised and updated student friendly physical introduction to the atmosphere and ocean. Now in its Third Edition, the book continues to provide students with an accessible description of the atmosphere and ocean with emphasis on their physical properties and inter-dependence.Trade Review“This book is commendable for attempting such an approach to educate a new generation of scientists armed with a unifying view of the ocean and atmosphere. It is a unique book for those who seek knowledge of not only ocean or atmosphere but also their commonality, distinction, and interaction.” (Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1 November 2012) "I highly recommend the comprehensive and readily understandable book The Atmosphere and Ocean: A Physical Introduction, 3rd Edition by Neil C. Wells, to any advanced undergraduate students in meteorology, climatology, oceanography, and earth sciences. The book is valuable as well as to any business leaders and public policy makers seeking an approachable book on the topic of the interdependency between the ocean and atmosphere. This book is an excellent and accessible textbook on the topic and should be given priority for anyone interested in learning and understanding the principles of the interrelationship between the planet's atmosphere and its ocean." (Blog Business World, 26 February 2012) Table of ContentsSeries Foreword ix Preface to the Third Edition xi 1 The Earth within the Solar System 1 1.1 The Sun and its constancy 1 1.2 Orbital variations in solar radiation 4 1.3 Radiative equilibrium temperature 8 1.4 Thermal inertia of the atmosphere 10 1.5 Albedo 14 1.6 The topography of the Earth’s surface 18 2 Composition and Physical Properties of the Ocean and Atmosphere 25 2.1 Evolution of the atmosphere and ocean 25 2.2 Present-day composition of sea water 29 2.3 Introduction to gases and liquids 31 2.4 Hydrostatic equilibrium 39 2.5 Adiabatic changes and potential temperature 41 2.6 Vertical stability of the ocean and atmosphere 46 3 Radiation, Temperature and Stability 53 3.1 Vertical variation of atmospheric constituents 53 3.2 The attenuation of solar radiation 58 3.3 Absorption of planetary radiation 65 3.4 Vertical temperature profile and its relation to radiation 67 3.5 The absorption of solar radiation in the ocean 75 3.6 Diurnal and seasonal temperature cycles in the ocean 78 4 Water in the Atmosphere 83 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 The moist atmosphere 84 4.3 Measurement and observation of water vapour 86 4.4 Stability in a moist atmosphere 88 4.5 Processes of precipitation and evaporation: The formation of clouds 94 4.6 Macroscopic processes in cloud formation 106 5 Global Budgets of Heat, Water and Salt 111 5.1 The measurement of heat budgets at the surface 111 5.2 Observations of surface heat fluxes and budgets 117 5.3 The measurement of the water budget 126 5.4 Observations of the water budget 127 5.5 The salt budget of the ocean 131 5.6 Temperature and salinity relationships in the ocean 134 5.7 Tracers in the ocean 141 6 Observations of Winds and Currents 147 6.1 Measurement of winds and currents 147 6.2 Scales of motion in the atmosphere and ocean 159 6.3 Time averaged circulation 164 6.4 Time-dependent motion 175 7 The Influence of the Earth’s Rotation on Fluid Motion 181 7.1 An introduction to the Earth’s rotation 181 7.2 Inertial motion 184 7.3 Pressure gradients and geostrophic motion 187 7.4 Vorticity and circulation 197 7.5 The atmosphere and ocean boundary layers 206 7.6 Equatorial winds and currents 210 8 Waves and Tides 219 8.1 The spectrum of surface waves 219 8.2 Wind waves and swell 223 8.3 Long waves 230 8.4 Internal waves 234 8.5 Ocean tides 237 8.6 Storm surges 244 8.7 Atmospheric waves and tides 249 9 Energy Transfer in the Ocean-Atmosphere System 253 9.1 Modes of energy in the ocean–atmosphere system 253 9.2 The kinetic energy of the atmosphere and ocean 259 9.3 Mechanisms of kinetic energy transfer 262 9.4 General circulation of the atmosphere 271 9.5 General circulation of the ocean 277 10 Mathematical Modelling of the Ocean and Atmosphere 283 10.1 Introduction 283 10.2 Scientific modelling: A simple model of the surface layer of the ocean 284 10.3 A dynamical model of the ocean surface layer 288 10.4 Numerical solutions of mathematical models 291 10.5 Numerical solutions for momentum on a rotating Earth 293 10.6 Atmospheric and climate general circulation models 295 10.7 Global ocean models 301 10.8 Observations of the ocean and atmosphere 305 11 Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction 315 11.1 Air-sea interaction: An introduction 315 11.2 Seasonal anomalies of the ocean-land-atmosphere system 322 11.3 Interannual fluctuations in the ocean-atmosphere system 326 11.4 Decadal variations in the ocean-atmosphere system 332 12 Climate Change 337 12.1 Past climate observations 337 12.2 Mechanisms of climate change 341 12.3 Current climate change 346 12.4 Understanding recent climate change 350 12.5 Predicting future climate 351 Problems 353 Glossary 369 General Reading 377 Further Reading and References 379 Figure Sources 385 Appendices A Standard International (SI) Units 391 B SI Unit Prefixes 391 Index 393
£49.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Groundwater Hydrology
Book SynopsisGroundwater is a vital source of water throughout the world. As the number of groundwater investigations increase, it is important to understand how to develop comprehensive quantified conceptual models and appreciate the basis of analytical solutions or numerical methods of modelling groundwater flow. Groundwater Hydrology: Conceptual and Computational Models describes advances in both conceptual and numerical modelling. It gives insights into the interpretation of field information, the development of conceptual models, the use of computational models based on analytical and numerical techniques, the assessment of the adequacy of models, and the use of computational models for predictive purposes. It focuses on the study of groundwater flow problems and a thorough analysis of real practical field case studies. It is divided into three parts: * Part I deals with the basic principles, including a summary of mathematical descriptions of groundwater flow, recharge estimTrade Review"...well written and structured...a comprehensive and thorough reference source...highly recommended for anyone in the business..." (Circulation - N'ltr of British Hydrological Soc, Feb 2004) "...delighted to have this book on my shelf and it is already becoming well thumbed...no hesitation in recommending it..." (Geoscientist, May 2004) "The information and techniques presented in this book provide illuminating guidelines and application directions for practicing hydrogeologists, geohydrologists and water resource engineers." (Hydrological Sciences Journal, Feb 2005, Vol 50 (1))Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. PART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES. 2. Background to Groundwater Flow. 3. Recharge due to Precipitation or Irrigation. 4. Interaction between Surface Water and Groundwater. PART II: RADIAL FLOW. 5. Radial Flow to Pumped Boreholes – Fundamental Issues. 6. Large Diameter Wells. 7. Radial Flow where Vertical Components of Flow are Significant. 8. Practical Issues of Interpretation and Assessing Resources. PART III: REGIONAL GROUNDWATER FLOW. 9. Regional Groundwater Studies in which Transmissivity is Effectively Constant. 10. Regional Groundwater Flow in Multi-Aquifer Systems. 11. Regional Groundwater Flow with Hydraulic Conductivity Varying with Saturated Thickness. 12. Numerical Modelling Insights. Appendix: Computer Program for Two-zone Model. List of Symbols. References. Index.
£127.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Groundwater Modeling wWS and
Book SynopsisModeling the occurrence and behaviour of groundwater is a critical aspect to any groundwater studies, whether they're being done to plan a clean-up project or in the preliminary site studies for a planned future development. This book defines what GIS is, how to perform it, and how to use GIS technology in modeling groundwater.Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Flow Modeling. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Areal Extent of a Model. 1.3 Hydrological Boundaries to the Model. 1.4 Compilation of Geological Information. 1.4.1 Unconsolidated Environments. 1.4.2 Consolidated Rocks. 1.4.3 Metamorphic Rocks. 1.4.4 Igneous Rocks. 1.4.5 Representation of Geological Units. 1.5 Compilation of Hydrological Information. 1.5.1 Geohydrological Parameters. 1.5.2 Boundary Conditions. 1.5.3 Stresses. 1.6 Water-Table Condition. 1.6.1 Near-Surface Aquifer Zone. 1.6.2 Sharp-Interface Approximation of the Water Table. 1.6.3 Variably Saturated Water-Table Formulation. 1.6.4 Comparison of the Sharp-Interface and Variably Saturated Formulations. 1.7 Physical Dimensions of the Model. 1.7.1 Vertical Integration of the Flow Equation. 1.7.2 Free-Surface Condition. 1.8 Model Size. 1.9 Model Discretization. 1.9.1 Finite-Difference Approximations. 1.9.2 Finite-Element Approximations. 1.9.3 Two-Space Dimensional Approximations. 1.10 Finite-Difference Approximation to the Flow Equation. 1.10.1 Model Boundary Conditions. 1.10.2 Model Initial Conditions. 1.11 Finite-Element Approximation to the Flow Equation. 1.11.1 Boundary Conditions. 1.11.2 Initial Conditions. 1.12 Parameters. 1.13 Fractured and Cavernous Media. 1.14 Model Stresses. 1.14.1 Well Discharge or Recharge. 1.14.2 Rainfall. 1.14.3 Multiple Stress Periods. 1.15 Finite-Element Mesh. 1.16 Simulation. 1.16.1 Solution Algorithm. 1.16.2 Bandwidth. 1.16.3 Running PTC. 1.17 Output. 1.18 Calibration. 1.18.1 Model Building Guidelines. 1.18.2 Model Evaluation Guidelines. 1.18.3 Additional Data-Collection and Model Development Guidelines. 1.18.4 Uncertainty-Evaluation Guidelines. 1.18.5 Some Rules of Thumb. 1.19 Production Runs. 1.20 Summary. References. 2 Transport Modeling. 2.1 Compilation of Water-Quality Information. 2.2 Physical Dimensions. 2.3 Model Size. 2.4 Transport Equation. 2.4.1 Equilibrium or Adsorption Isotherms. 2.4.2 Mass Flux. 2.4.3 Example of Retardation. 2.5 Chemical Reactions. 2.6 Model Boundary Conditions. 2.7 Finite-Element Approximation. 2.8 Boundary Conditions 2.8.1 First-Type Boundary Condition. 2.8.2 Second-Type Boundary Condition. 2.8.3 Third-Type Boundary Condition. 2.9 Initial Conditions. 2.10 Model Parameters. 2.11 Model Stresses. 2.12 Running the Model. 2.13 Output. 2.14 Calibration. 2.15 Production Runs. 2.16 Summary. References. 3 Finite-Element versus Finite-Difference Simulation. 3.1 Elementary Application. 3.1.1 Groundwater Flow. 3.1.2 Groundwater Transport. 3.2 Comparison of Methods. 3.2.1 Graphical User Interfaces. 3.2.2 Model Formulation and Implementation. 3.2.3 Groundwater Flow. 3.2.4 Groundwater Transport. 3.3 Summary. Index.
£108.86
