Geographical information systems Books
Taylor & Francis Satellite Remote Sensing for Archaeology
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£45.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Integrating Gis Remote Sensing and Mathematical Modelling for Surface Water Quality Management in Irrigated Watersheds UNESCOIHE PhD Thesis By author Amel Moustafa Azab published on February 2012
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£99.75
Taylor & Francis Islamic Area Studies with Geographical Information Systems New Horizons in Islamic Studies
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£43.99
Taylor & Francis Perspectives in Medical Geography
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£82.64
Taylor & Francis Japans Household Registration System and Citizenship
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£137.75
Taylor & Francis Ltd Geographical Information Systems and Computer Cartography
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£73.14
Taylor & Francis Ltd Time In Geographic Information Systems Technical issues in GIS series
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£99.75
Taylor & Francis Ltd GIS And Generalisation
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£999.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Spatial Analytical Perspectives on GIS GISDATA S
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£56.04
Taylor & Francis Ltd Innovations In GIS
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£67.77
Taylor & Francis Ltd Geographic Information Research Bridging The Atlantic
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£124.87
Taylor & Francis Ltd GIS Organisations and People
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£58.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Error Propagation in Environmental Modelling with GIS Research Monographs in GIS
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£99.75
Taylor & Francis Ltd Spatial Multimedia and Virtual Reality Research Monographs in GIS
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£104.50
Taylor & Francis Ltd Introduction to Environmental Remote Sensing
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£68.39
Taylor & Francis Ltd Design Of Mission Operations Systems For Scientific Remote Sensing
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£204.25
Taylor & Francis Ltd How to Make Maps An Introduction to Theory and
Book SynopsisThe goal of How to Make Maps is to equip readers with the foundational knowledge of concepts they need to conceive, design, and produce maps in a legible, clear, and coherent manner, drawing from both classical and modern theory in cartography.This book is appropriate for graduate and undergraduate students who are beginning a course of study in geospatial sciences or who wish to begin producing their own maps. While the book assumes no a priori knowledge or experience with geospatial software, it may also serve GIS analysts and technicians who wish to explore the principles of cartographic design.The first part of the book explores the key decisions behind every map, with the aim of providing the reader with a solid foundation in fundamental cartography concepts. Chapters 1 through 3 review foundational mapping concepts and some of the decisions that are a part of every map. This is followed by a discussion of the guiding principles of cartographic dTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Mapping concepts 3. The language of maps 4. Cartographic design 5. Coordinate systems and projections 6. Text and typography 7. Color in cartography 8. 3D, animated, and web cartography 9. Scholarly research in cartography 10. Data in mapping 11. GIS and graphics software 12. Examples from the field Appendix 1: Map gallery, “Maps from the wild” Appendix 2: Sources of spatial data Appendix 3: Eleven guidelines for constructing and critiquing maps Appendix 4: Professional cartography societies Glossary
£128.25
Taylor & Francis Ltd The Routledge Companion to Spatial History
Book SynopsisThe Routledge Companion to Spatial History explores the full range of ways in which GIS can be used to study the past, considering key questions such as what types of new knowledge can be developed solely as a consequence of using GIS and how effective GIS can be for different types of research. Global in scope and covering a broad range of subjects, the chapters in this volume discuss ways of turning sources into a GIS database, methods of analysing these databases, methods of visualising the results of the analyses, and approaches to interpreting analyses and visualisations. Chapter authors draw from a diverse collection of case studies from around the world, covering topics from state power in imperial China to the urban property market in nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro, health and society in twentieth-century Britain and the demographic impact of the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915. Critically evaluating both the strengths and limitations oTrade Review"This wide-ranging, insightful and richly-illustrated volume provides a wealth of practical case studies elucidating the potential of GIS to enrich our understanding of the past, as well as incisive critical examination of its implications for and impact on historical scholarship. It will be invaluable for everyone interested in the use of new digital technologies and methods in historical research."Nick Baron, University of Nottingham, UK"From the leading scholars in the use of historical GIS methods, these valuable essays give us a clear sense of the possibilities and challenges of spatial history. This is a groundbreaking edited volume that will inspire, guide, and teach anyone considering spatial history approaches in their own work."William G. Thomas III, University of Nebraska, USA"This wide-ranging, insightful and richly-illustrated volume provides a wealth of practical case studies elucidating the potential of GIS to enrich our understanding of the past, as well as incisive critical examination of its implications for and impact on historical scholarship. It will be invaluable for everyone interested in the use of new digital technologies and methods in historical research."Nick Baron, University of Nottingham, UK"From the leading scholars in the use of historical GIS methods, these valuable essays give us a clear sense of the possibilities and challenges of spatial history. This is a groundbreaking edited volume that will inspire, guide, and teach anyone considering spatial history approaches in their own work."William G. Thomas III, University of Nebraska, USATable of ContentsIntroduction Part I: Population and demography Part II: Urban Part III: Economics Part IV: Rural and Environment Part V: Health Part VI: Social Dynamics Part VII: Political Dimensions Part VIII: The Emergence of Digital Humanities Conclusion
£204.25
Cambridge University Press Archaeological Prospecting and Remote Sensing 2 Topics in Remote Sensing Series Number 2
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£77.44
Cambridge University Press Integration Geographic Information 5 Topics in Remote Sensing Series Number 5
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£49.29
Cambridge University Press Historical Gis Technologies Methodologies And Scholarship 39 Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography Series Number 39
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£36.09
Cambridge University Press Historical GIS Technologies Methodologies and Scholarship 39 Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography Series Number 39
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£82.00
Cambridge University Press An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing
Book SynopsisFully updated, with significant new coverage of advances in satellite oceanography and results from new satellite missions, the second edition of this popular textbook introduces students to how remote sensing works, how to understand observations from Earth-observing systems, and the observations' importance to physical and biological oceanography. It provides full explanations of radiative transfer, ocean surface properties, satellite orbits, instruments and methods, visible remote sensing of biogeochemical properties, infrared and microwave retrieval of sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity retrieval, passive microwave measurements, scatterometer wind retrieval, altimetry and SAR. Also included are descriptions of the online archives where data can be obtained, and readers can obtain online tools for working with the data - enabling hands-on engagement with real-world observations. This is an ideal textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in oceanography, reTrade Review'This complex book has been written by a practitioner who is aware of the requirements of the user, but he presents the required information in a concise and yet accessible form.' Averil Leaver, Open University Geological Society JournalTable of ContentsPreface; List of chemical symbols; List of mathematical symbols; List of abbreviations and acronyms; 1. Background; 2. Ocean surface phenomena; 3. Electromagnetic radiation; 4. Atmospheric properties and radiative transfer; 5. Reflection, transmission and absorption at the atmosphere/ocean interface; 6. Ocean color; 7. Infrared observations of sea surface temperature (SST); 8. Introduction to microwave imagers; 9. Passive microwave observations of the atmosphere and ocean surface; 10. Introduction to radars; 11. Scatterometers; 12. The altimeter; 13. Imaging radars; 14. Other missions: the gravity missions, ICESat-1 and -2, CryoSat-2, SMOS, Aquarius/SAC-D; Appendix: useful data tables; References; Index.
£70.29
John Wiley & Sons Inc SelfOrganising Maps Applications in Geographic
Book SynopsisSelf-Organising Maps: Applications in GI Science brings together the latest geographical research where extensive use has been made of the SOM algorithm, and provides readers with a snapshot of these tools that can then be adapted and used in new research projects.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. 1. Introduction: What is a Self-Organizing Map? (André Skupin and Pragya Agarwal). 2. Applications of Different Self-Organizing Map Variants to Geographical Information Science Problems (Fernando Bação, Victor Lobo and Marco Painho). 3. An Integrated Exploratory Geovisualization Environment Based on Self-Organizing Map (Etien L. Koua and Menno-Jan Kraak). 4. Visual Exploration of Spatial Interaction Data with Self-Organizing Maps (Jun Yan and Jean-Claude Thill). 5. Detecting Geographic Associations in English Dialect Features in North America within a Visual Data Mining Environment Integrating Self-Organizing Maps (Jean-Claude Thill, William A. Kretzschmar Jr, Irene Casas and Xiaobai Yao). 6. Self-Organizing Maps for Density-Preserving Reduction of Objects in Cartographic Generalization (Monika Sester). 7. Visualizing Human Movement in Attribute Space (André Skupin). 8. Climate Analysis, Modelling, and Regional Downscaling Using Self-Organizing Maps (Bruce C. Hewitson). 9. Prototyping Broad-Scale Climate and Ecosystem Classes by Means of Self-Organising Maps (Jürgen P. Kropp and Hans Joachim Schellnhuber). 10. Self-Organising Map Principles Applied Towards Automating Road Extraction from Remotely Sensed Imagery (Pete Doucette, Peggy Agouris and Anthony Stefanidis). 11. Epilogue: Intelligent Systems for GIScience: Where Next? A GIScience Perspective (Michael Goodchild). Index.
£132.00
Johns Hopkins University Press Blip Ping Buzz
Book SynopsisA section on bioacoustic echolocation, with a focus on the superior sonar systems of bats and whales and a discussion of the advanced technology of next-generation airborne signal processors, opens the imagination to fascinating possibilities for the future.Trade ReviewThis is an impressive, enjoyable and unique book... The style is light and entertaining, without in any way trivializing the subject or appearing patronizing, and Blip, Ping, and Buzz achieves the rather special trick of being valuable both to the non-specialist and to the seasoned practitioner. -- Hugh Griffiths Physics World 2008 This well written book... is highly recommended for just about everyone including, dare I say it, experts. -- Richard J. Peppin International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 2008 The writing style is clear and sometimes whimsical, making for easy reading... An excellent addition to the ever-popular genre of books about how things work. -- Colin Keay Australian Physics 2008 Denny largely sheds the complexity of mathematical constructs, distilling their most salient features into a more qualitative understanding of radar and sonar systems. Choice 2008 Indeed, Denny's writing is anything but dry and boring. He adeptly explains complex subject matter and does so with relatively simple language and minimal use of symbolic notation. -- Paul A. Faure Bat Research News 2008Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Hearing the Picture1. Early Days2. Remote Sensing Foundations3. Signal Processing Techniques4. Tactics: Skunks and Old Crows5. Mapping: Hearing the Picture6. Specialized Applications and Advanced TechniquesFinal ThoughtsTechnical NotesGlossaryIndex
£34.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Introducing Geographic Information Systems with
Book SynopsisAn integrated approach that combines essential GIS background with a practical workbook on applying the principles in ArcGIS 10.0 and 10.1 Introducing Geographic Information Systems with ArcGISintegrates a broad introduction to GIS with a software-specific workbook for Esri''s ArcGIS. Where most courses make do using two separate texts, one covering GIS and another the software, this book enables students and instructors to use a single text with an integrated approach covering both in one volume with a common vocabulary and instructional style. This revised edition focuses on the latest software updatesArcGIS 10.0 and 10.1. In addition to its already successful coverage, the book allows students to experience publishing maps on the Internet through new exercises, and introduces the idea of programming in the language Esri has chosen for applications (i.e., Python). A DVD is packaged with the book, as in prior editions, containing data for working out all
£80.70
John Wiley & Sons Inc GPS Satellite Surveying
Book SynopsisEmploy the latest satellite positioning tech with this extensive guide GPS Satellite Surveying is the classic text on the subject, providing the most comprehensive coverage of global navigation satellite systems applications for surveying.Table of ContentsPREFACE xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix ABBREVIATIONS xxi 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 LEAST-SQUARES ADJUSTMENTS 11 2.1 Elementary Considerations 12 2.1.1 Statistical Nature of Surveying Measurements 12 2.1.2 Observational Errors 13 2.1.3 Accuracy and Precision 13 2.2 Stochastic and Mathematical Models 14 2.3 Mixed Model 17 2.3.1 Linearization 18 2.3.2 Minimization and Solution 19 2.3.3 Cofactor Matrices 20 2.3.4 A Posteriori Variance of Unit Weight 21 2.3.5 Iterations 22 2.4 Sequential Mixed Model 23 2.5 Model Specifications 29 2.5.1 Observation Equation Model 29 2.5.2 Condition Equation Model 30 2.5.3 Mixed Model with Observation Equations 30 2.5.4 Sequential Observation Equation Model 32 2.5.5 Observation Equation Model with Observed Parameters 32 2.5.6 Mixed Model with Conditions 34 2.5.7 Observation Equation Model with Conditions 35 2.6 Minimal and Inner Constraints 37 2.7 Statistics in Least-Squares Adjustment 42 2.7.1 Fundamental Test 42 2.7.2 Testing Sequential Least Squares 48 2.7.3 General Linear Hypothesis 49 2.7.4 Ellipses as Confidence Regions 52 2.7.5 Properties of Standard Ellipses 56 2.7.6 Other Measures of Precision 60 2.8 Reliability 62 2.8.1 Redundancy Numbers 62 2.8.2 Controlling Type-II Error for a Single Blunder 64 2.8.3 Internal Reliability 67 2.8.4 Absorption 67 2.8.5 External Reliability 68 2.8.6 Correlated Cases 69 2.9 Blunder Detection 70 2.9.1 Tau Test 71 2.9.2 Data Snooping 71 2.9.3 Changing Weights of Observations 72 2.10 Examples 72 2.11 Kalman Filtering 77 3 RECURSIVE LEAST SQUARES 81 3.1 Static Parameter 82 3.2 Static Parameters and Arbitrary Time-Varying Variables 87 3.3 Dynamic Constraints 96 3.4 Static Parameters and Dynamic Constraints 112 3.5 Static Parameter, Parameters Subject to Dynamic Constraints, and Arbitrary Time-Varying Parameters 125 4 GEODESY 129 4.1 International Terrestrial Reference Frame 131 4.1.1 Polar Motion 132 4.1.2 Tectonic Plate Motion 133 4.1.3 Solid Earth Tides 135 4.1.4 Ocean Loading 135 4.1.5 Relating of Nearly Aligned Frames 136 4.1.6 ITRF and NAD83 138 4.2 International Celestial Reference System 141 4.2.1 Transforming Terrestrial and Celestial Frames 143 4.2.2 Time Systems 149 4.3 Datum 151 4.3.1 Geoid 152 4.3.2 Ellipsoid of Rotation 157 4.3.3 Geoid Undulations and Deflections of the Vertical 158 4.3.4 Reductions to the Ellipsoid 162 4.4 3D Geodetic Model 166 4.4.1 Partial Derivatives 169 4.4.2 Reparameterization 170 4.4.3 Implementation Considerations 171 4.4.4 GPS Vector Networks 174 4.4.5 Transforming Terrestrial and Vector Networks 176 4.4.6 GPS Network Examples 178 4.5 Ellipsoidal Model 190 4.5.1 Reduction of Observations 191 4.5.2 Direct and Inverse Solutions on the Ellipsoid 195 4.5.3 Network Adjustment on the Ellipsoid 196 4.6 Conformal Mapping Model 197 4.6.1 Reduction of Observations 198 4.6.2 Angular Excess 200 4.6.3 Direct and Inverse Solutions on the Map 201 4.6.4 Network Adjustment on the Map 201 4.6.5 Similarity Revisited 203 4.7 Summary 204 5 SATELLITE SYSTEMS 207 5.1 Motion of Satellites 207 5.1.1 Kepler Elements 208 5.1.2 Normal Orbital Theory 210 5.1.3 Satellite Visibility and Topocentric Motion 219 5.1.4 Perturbed Satellite Motion 219 5.2 Global Positioning System 225 5.2.1 General Description 226 5.2.2 Satellite Transmissions at 2014 228 5.2.3 GPS Modernization Comprising Block IIM, Block IIF, and Block III 239 5.3 GLONASS 245 5.4 Galileo 248 5.5 QZSS 250 5.6 Beidou 252 5.7 IRNSS 254 5.8 SBAS: WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN, MSAS, and SDCM 254 6 GNSS POSITIONING APPROACHES 257 6.1 Observables 258 6.1.1 Undifferenced Functions 261 6.1.2 Single Differences 271 6.1.3 Double Differences 273 6.1.4 Triple Differences 275 6.2 Operational Details 275 6.2.1 Computing the Topocentric Range 275 6.2.2 Satellite Timing Considerations 276 6.2.3 Cycle Slips 282 6.2.4 Phase Windup Correction 283 6.2.5 Multipath 286 6.2.6 Phase Center Offset and Variation 292 6.2.7 GNSS Services 295 6.3 Navigation Solution 299 6.3.1 Linearized Solution 299 6.3.2 DOPs and Singularities 301 6.3.3 Nonlinear Closed Solution 303 6.4 Relative Positioning 304 6.4.1 Nonlinear Double-Difference Pseudorange Solution 305 6.4.2 Linearized Double- and Triple-Differenced Solutions 306 6.4.3 Aspects of Relative Positioning 310 6.4.4 Equivalent Undifferenced Formulation 315 6.4.5 Ambiguity Function 316 6.4.6 GLONASS Carrier Phase 319 6.5 Ambiguity Fixing 324 6.5.1 The Constraint Solution 324 6.5.2 LAMBDA 327 6.5.3 Discernibility 334 6.5.4 Lattice Reduction and Integer Least Squares 337 6.6 Network-Supported Positioning 357 6.6.1 PPP 357 6.6.2 CORS 363 6.6.3 PPP-RTK 367 6.7 Triple-Frequency Solutions 382 6.7.1 Single-Step Position Solution 382 6.7.2 Geometry-Free TCAR 386 6.7.3 Geometry-Based TCAR 395 6.7.4 Integrated TCAR 396 6.7.5 Positioning with Resolved Wide Lanes 397 6.8 Summary 398 7 REAL-TIME KINEMATICS RELATIVE POSITIONING 401 7.1 Multisystem Considerations 402 7.2 Undifferenced and Across-Receiver Difference Observations 403 7.3 Linearization and Hardware Bias Parameterization 408 7.4 RTK Algorithm for Static and Short Baselines 418 7.4.1 Illustrative Example 422 7.5 RTK Algorithm for Kinematic Rovers and Short Baselines 429 7.5.1 Illustrative Example 431 7.6 RTK Algorithm with Dynamic Model and Short Baselines 435 7.6.1 Illustrative Example 437 7.7 RTK Algorithm with Dynamic Model and Long Baselines 441 7.7.1 Illustrative Example 442 7.8 RTK Algorithms with Changing Number of Signals 445 7.9 Cycle Slip Detection and Isolation 450 7.9.1 Solutions Based on Signal Redundancy 455 7.10 Across-Receiver Ambiguity Fixing 466 7.10.1 Illustrative Example 470 7.11 Software Implementation 473 8 TROPOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE 475 8.1 Overview 476 8.2 Tropospheric Refraction and Delay 479 8.2.1 Zenith Delay Functions 482 8.2.2 Mapping Functions 482 8.2.3 Precipitable Water Vapor 485 8.3 Troposphere Absorption 487 8.3.1 The Radiative Transfer Equation 487 8.3.2 Absorption Line Profiles 490 8.3.3 General Statistical Retrieval 492 8.3.4 Calibration of WVR 494 8.4 Ionospheric Refraction 496 8.4.1 Index of Ionospheric Refraction 499 8.4.2 Ionospheric Function and Cycle Slips 504 8.4.3 Single-Layer Ionospheric Mapping Function 505 8.4.4 VTEC from Ground Observations 507 8.4.5 Global Ionospheric Maps 509 9 GNSS RECEIVER ANTENNAS 513 9.1 Elements of Electromagnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Waves 515 9.1.1 Electromagnetic Field 515 9.1.2 Plane Electromagnetic Wave 518 9.1.3 Complex Notations and Plane Wave in Lossy Media 525 9.1.4 Radiation and Spherical Waves 530 9.1.5 Receiving Mode 536 9.1.6 Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves 537 9.1.7 The dB Scale 544 9.2 Antenna Pattern and Gain 546 9.2.1 Receiving GNSS Antenna Pattern and Reference Station and Rover Antennas 546 9.2.2 Directivity 553 9.2.3 Polarization Properties of the Receiving GNSS Antenna 558 9.2.4 Antenna Gain 562 9.2.5 Antenna Effective Area 564 9.3 Phase Center 565 9.3.1 Antenna Phase Pattern 566 9.3.2 Phase Center Offset and Variations 568 9.3.3 Antenna Calibrations 575 9.3.4 Group Delay Pattern 577 9.4 Diffraction and Multipath 578 9.4.1 Diffraction Phenomena 578 9.4.2 General Characterization of Carrier Phase Multipath 585 9.4.3 Specular Reflections 587 9.4.4 Antenna Down-Up Ratio 593 9.4.5 PCV and PCO Errors Due to Ground Multipath 597 9.5 Transmission Lines 600 9.5.1 Transmission Line Basics 600 9.5.2 Antenna Frequency Response 606 9.5.3 Cable Losses 608 9.6 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 609 9.6.1 Noise Temperature 609 9.6.2 Characterization of Noise Sources 611 9.6.3 Signal and Noise Propagation through a Chain of Circuits 615 9.6.4 SNR of the GNSS Receiving System 619 9.7 Antenna Types 620 9.7.1 Patch Antennas 620 9.7.2 Other Types of Antennas 629 9.7.3 Flat Metal Ground Planes 629 9.7.4 Impedance Ground Planes 634 9.7.5 Vertical Choke Rings and Compact Rover Antenna 642 9.7.6 Semitransparent Ground Planes 644 9.7.7 Array Antennas 645 9.7.8 Antenna Manufacturing Issues 650 APPENDIXES A GENERAL BACKGROUND 653 B THE ELLIPSOID 697 C CONFORMAL MAPPING 715 D VECTOR CALCULUS AND DELTA FUNCTION 741 E ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD GENERATED BY ARBITRARY SOURCES, MAGNETIC CURRENTS, BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, AND IMAGES 747 F DIFFRACTION OVER HALF-PLANE 755 G SINGLE CAVITY MODE APPROXIMATION WITH PATCH ANTENNA ANALYSIS 759 H PATCH ANTENNAS WITH ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATES 763 I CONVEX PATCH ARRAY GEODETIC ANTENNA 769 REFERENCES 773 AUTHOR INDEX 793 SUBJECT INDEX 801
£135.80
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Visualization of Spatial Social Structure
Book SynopsisThis book introduces readers to new ways of thinking about how to look at social statistics, particularly those about people in places.Trade Review“One of the more enjoyable aspects of this book is that every section begins with an interesting quote from the literature, which adds up to 60+ quotes that readers may wish to consult for future reference. A final, light-hearted observation: each chapter is divided into exactly seven sections! In some cultures, this would be interpreted as an attempt to curry favor with fate. Readers will have to decide whether Dorling played a lucky hand in turning his doctoral dissertation into a book, two decades on.” (Journal of Regional Science, 1 October 2013)Table of ContentsList of figures xi List of text boxes xxi Preface xxiii Introduction: Human cartography xxxv 1 Envisioning information 1 1.1 Visual thinking 1 1.2 Pictures over time 4 1.3 Beyond illustration 11 1.4 Texture and colour 13 1.5 Perspective and detail 16 1.6 Pattern and illusion 20 1.7 From mind to mind 24 2 People, spaces and places 31 2.1 Which people? 31 2.2 Why study places? 34 2.3 What are spaces? 40 2.4 Drawing lines 41 2.5 Picturing points 50 2.6 Population space 52 2.7 Adding time 56 3 Artificial reality 59 3.1 Imagining reality 59 3.2 Abstract spaces 60 3.3 Area cartograms 66 3.4 The nature of space 69 3.5 Producing illusions 77 3.6 Population space 81 3.7 Stretching spacetime 85 4 Honeycomb structure 95 4.1 Viewing society 95 4.2 Who the people are 97 4.3 Disparate origins 106 4.4 Lost opportunities 109 4.5 Work, industry and home 114 4.6 How people vote 120 4.7 The social landscape 123 5 Transforming the mosaic 131 5.1 Still images of change 131 5.2 Forming the structure 132 5.3 Structure transformed 136 5.4 Variable employment 138 5.5 House price inflation 143 5.6 Reshaping votes 148 5.7 Erosion and deposition 159 6 Cobweb of flows 167 6.1 What flow is 167 6.2 What flows there are 168 6.3 Unravelling the tangles 171 6.4 Drawing the vortices 177 6.5 Commuting chaos 184 6.6 Migration networks 185 6.7 A space of flows 194 7 On the surface 199 7.1 2D vision, 3D world 199 7.2 Surface definition 202 7.3 Depth cues 209 7.4 Landscape painting 210 7.5 Surface geometry 213 7.6 Travel time surface 220 7.7 Surface value 222 8 The wood and the trees 225 8.1 Sculptured characters 225 8.2 Circles, pies and rings 227 8.3 Bars and pyramids 230 8.4 Flocks of arrows 237 8.5 Trees and castles 238 8.6 Crowds of faces 239 8.7 Information overload 243 9 Volume visualization 251 9.1 The third dimension 251 9.2 Spaces, times and places 252 9.3 Spacetime continuum 259 9.4 Three-dimensional graphs 262 9.5 Flows through time 275 9.6 Volume rendering 279 9.7 Interactive visualization 280 10 Conclusion: Another geography 283 Endnote 297 Acknowledgements 299 Appendix: Drawing faces 301 References 305 Author Index 317 Subject Index 321 Note. The original thesis from which this book was derived had a further six appendices and a larger bibliography. Some can be found at www.dannydorling.org. Appendix A: Circular Cartogram Algorithm Appendix B: Parliamentary Constituencies 1955–1987 Continuity Appendix C: Parliamentary Constituencies 1955–1987 Results Appendix D: Average Housing Price by Constituency 1983–1989 Appendix E: Scottish Ward to Postcode Sector Look-up Table Appendix F: Local Government Wards, 1981 and 1987
£44.95
Georgetown University Press Geospatial Intelligence: Origins and Evolution
Book SynopsisA riveting introduction to the complex and evolving field of geospatial intelligence. Although geospatial intelligence is a term of recent origin, its underpinnings have a long and interesting history. Geospatial Intelligence: Origins and Evolution shows how the current age of geospatial knowledge evolved from its ancient origins to become ubiquitous in daily life across the globe. Within that framework, the book weaves a tapestry of stories about the people, events, ideas, and technologies that affected the trajectory of what has become known as GEOINT. Author Robert M. Clark explores the historical background and subsequent influence of fields such as geography, cartography, remote sensing, photogrammetry, geopolitics, geophysics, and geographic information systems on GEOINT. Although its modern use began in national security communities, Clark shows how GEOINT has rapidly extended its reach to other government agencies, NGOs, and corporations. This global explosion in the use of geospatial intelligence has far-reaching implications not only for the scientific, academic, and commercial communities but for a society increasingly reliant upon emerging technologies. Drones, the Internet of things, and cellular devices transform how we gather information and how others can collect that information, to our benefit or detriment.Trade ReviewIt is a pioneering text suitable for everyone’s reading list as well as the classroom. * AFIO Intelligencer *To call Robert Clark’s Geospatial Intelligence: Origins and Evolution the best GEOINT primer that I have read is necessary— accurate —and insufficient. It is much more. * The Cipher Brief *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Preface Prologue List of Abbreviations 1. Intelligence and Geospatial Intelligence The Boundaries of Intelligence Geospatial Terminology The Power of a Single Word Defining Geospatial Intelligence 2. A Brief History of Maps and Charts Mapping The Silk Road Cartography Photogrammetry Nautical Charts Aeronautical Charts Establishing Claims with Cartography Chapter Summary 3. Terrain Measuring and Representing Terrain Digital Elevation Models Military Use of Terrain Civil Use of Terrain Oceanographic Terrain Chapter Summary 4. Navigation Celestial Navigation Radio Navigation Satellite Navigation Chapter Summary 5. Geopolitics Mahan’s Sea Power Theory Mackinder’s Heartland Theory German Geopolitik Spykman’s Rimland Theory The Continuing Influence of Geopolitical Theories Thematic Cartography Geopolitical Strategy Chapter Summary 6. Geographic Information Systems The Cluttered Map Hard Copy Layers Roger Tomlinson, the Father of GIS The Harvard Connection ESRI and Intergraph Interactive Maps and Charts The GIS Choice: Raster or Vector? The Power of GIS The Explosion of GIS Applications Are Paper Maps Obsolete? GIS and GEOINT Chapter Summary 7. Geolocation Geolocation Basics Using Imagery Radiofrequency Geolocation Acoustic Geolocation Cyber Geolocation Chapter Summary 8. Gaining the High Ground Gettysburg Observation Towers Lighter-than-Air Craft Exotic Approaches to the High Ground Aircraft Chapter Summary 9. The Ultimate High Ground Remote-Sensing Satellites Government Nonmilitary Applications Military Applications Commercial Imaging Satellites Chapter Summary 10. Visible Imaging Aerial Film Cameras Satellite Film Cameras Digital Cameras Video Cameras Getting the Image Right Analyzing the Image Chapter Summary 11. Spectral Imaging The Infrared Bands The Ultraviolet Spectrum Imaging outside the Visible Band Spectral Imagers Chapter Summary 12. Radar Imaging Conventional Radar Side-Looking Airborne Radar Synthetic Aperture Radar Laser Radar Chapter Summary 13. The Drivers of Geospatial Intelligence Denial and Deception Fleeting Targets Precision and Accuracy Outside Expertise Characterizing Oceans and Ocean Traffic New Issues A Complete Picture Chapter Summary 14. The Tools of Geospatial Intelligence Geomatics Geographic Information System Geovisualization Big Data Data Analytics and Visual Analytics Geospatial Simulation Modeling Chapter Summary 15. Sociocultural GEOINT Sociocultural Factors in Conflict Resolution Activity-Based Intelligence Pattern-of-Life Analysis Volunteered Geographic Information Involuntary Geographic Information Chapter Summary 16. The Story of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency The Defense Mapping Agency The National Photographic Interpretation Center The National Imagery and Mapping Agency’s Standup A Tale of Two Cities The Fight to Survive The NGA’s Standup Reaching Out Establishing the Boundaries of GEOINT Chapter Summary 17. The GEOINT Explosion US Geospatial Intelligence Organizations Five Eyes GEOIN Other National GEOINT Organizations Transnational GEOINT Organizations Chapter Summary 18. Non-National Geospatial Intelligence State/Provincial and Local Government Nongovernmental Organizations Chapter Summary 19. Commercial GEOINT Geospatial Business Intelligence Strategic GEOINT Operational GEOINT Geospatial Competitive Intelligence Chapter Summary 20. The Road Ahead Predicting the Future The Future of Cartography The Tools Applications of GEOINT National-Level GEOINT The Challenge of Ubiquitous GEOINT Chapter Summary Glossary Selected Bibliography Index About the Author
£47.25
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc The Modeling Process in Geography: From
Book SynopsisThis title focuses on the evolution of the modeling process and on new research perspectives in theoretical and applied geography, as well as spatial planning. In the last 50 years, the achievements of spatial analysis models opened the way to a new understanding of the relationship between society and geographical space. In this book, these models are confronted by the real conditions of territorial prospect, regional dynamism, cultural policy, HMO, and spatial segregation. This confrontation takes into account the instability of social behavior and the permanence of partial determinist trajectories.Table of ContentsForeword. The Taste for Measuring and Modeling xi Nicole MATHIEU Preface xxiii Acknowledgements xxv Chapter 1. The Place of Both the Model and Modeling in HSS 1 Patrice LANGLOIS and Daniel REGUER 1.1. Models and modeling: definitions 2 1.2. The mathematical concept of a model 5 1.3. Is there a specificity of HSS? 7 1.4. Modeling: explain to understand? 11 1.5. Bibliography 13 Chapter 2. From Classic Models to Incremental Models 15 Yves GUERMOND 2.1. The geographic “object” 16 2.2. Lessons from the “classic models” 16 2.3. Introduction to dynamics and auto-organization 22 2.4. From auto-organization to complexity 26 2.5. Spatial agents 30 2.6. Incremental modeling 32 2.7. Bibliography 35 Chapter 3. The Formalization of Knowledge in a Reality Simplifying System 39 Françoise LUCCHINI 3.1. Formalizing a complex cultural system using a series of perspectives 40 3.2. Differentiation of the system of cities by culture: contribution of the spatial analysis for testing the“global cultural model” 51 3.3. Alternative formalizations 63 3.4. Conclusion 69 3.5. Bibliography 69 Chapter 4. Modeling and Territorial Forecasting: Issues at Stake in the Modeling of Réunion’s Spatial System 71 Gilles LAJOIE 4.1. Introduction 71 4.2. A few major theoretical breakthroughs for modeling spatial complexity 72 4.3. Modeling and territorial forecasting of the socio-spatial system of Réunion 78 4.4. Modeling of Réunion’s socio-spatial system 90 4.5. Towards a modeling of the dynamics of Réunion’s system 93 4.6. Conclusion 97 4.7. Bibliography 98 Chapter 5. One Model May Conceal Another: Models of Health Geographies 101 Alain VAGUET 5.1. Modeling in order to surpass descriptions? 102 5.2. Mode of the models and models in vogue 104 5.3. Conclusion 111 5.4. Bibliography 111 Chapter 6. Operational Models in HMO 113 Jean-François MARY and Jean-Manuel TOUSSAINT 6.1. Buffer and barycenter to determine the location of cardiac defibrillation 114 6.2. Thiessen’s accessibility formula 117 6.3. Accessibility: the direct added-value of the GIS 121 6.4. A regional database of road accessibility devoted to emergency 123 6.5. The reallocation projects and their consequences 126 6.6. Relocation of a medical clinic: simulation of a new accessibility 131 6.7. Bibliography 134 Chapter 7. Modeling Spatial Logics of Individual Behaviors: From Methodological Environmentalism to the Individual Resident Strategist 137 Michel BUSSI 7.1. Reconsidering spatial determinism: modeling versus local development 138 7.2. Ecological methodology 142 7.3. Towards a post-industrialist behavior 149 7.4. From neighborhood effect to the theory of the citizen-resident-strategist 152 7.5. Bibliography 157 Chapter 8. Temporalities and Modeling of Regional Dynamics: The Case of the European Union 161 Bernard ELISSALDE 8.1. Integrating time and temporalities into spatial models 162 8.2. Introduction of complexity theory in the interpretation of regional inequalities in Europe 168 8.3. Conclusion 186 8.4. Bibliography 188 Chapter 9. Modeling the Watershed as a Complex Spatial System: A Review 191 Daniel DELAHAYE 9.1. Shape indices for measuring various forms of a watershed 192 9.2. Organization of the networks 193 9.3. Synthesis concerning the shape and organization indices 200 9.4. From morphometry to complex systems 202 9.5. Conclusion 213 9.6. Bibliography 213 Chapter 10. Understanding to Measure...or Measuring to Understand? HBDS: Towards a Conceptual Approach for the Geographic Modeling of the Real World 217 Thierry SAINT-GERAND 10.1. A forgotten face of the geographic approach 217 10.2. Formalizing a spatial reasoning in databases 226 10.3. Example of thematic application: the industrial risks at Notre- Dame-de-Gravenchon (lower Seine valley) 246 10.4. Back to the sources 252 10.5. Bibliography 253 Chapter 11. Complexity and Spatial Systems 255 Patrice LANGLOIS 11.1 The paradigm of complexity 255 11.2. The systemic paradigm: from the combinatorial to emergence 260 11.3. Moving towards a more formalized definition of the notion of a spatial system 266 11.4. Bibliography 275 Chapter 12. Cellular Automata for Modeling Spatial Systems 277 Patrice LANGLOIS 12.1. The concept of the automaton and its modeling 277 12.2. A little bit of history 278 12.3. The concept of the finite state automaton 279 12.4. The concept of the cellular automaton 285 12.5. CAs used for geographic modeling 293 12.6. Bibliography 306 12.7. Websites 307 Chapter 13. Multi-Agent Systems for Simulation in Geography: Moving Towards an Artificial Geography 309 Eric DAUDE 13.1. Introduction 309 13.2. From global to local description of structures and spatial dynamics 310 13.3. Multi-agent systems 313 13.4. Artificial geography: simulations of structures and spatial dynamics 319 13.5. Conclusion 329 13.6. Bibliography 329 Conclusion 335 Yves GUERMOND List of Authors 337 Index 339
£150.05
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Geographical Information and Climatology
Book SynopsisThis book includes two parts. The first part is more theoretical and general, and it covers fundamental principles : geospatial climate data measurement ; spatial analysis, mapping and climate ; geographical information, remote sensing and climatology ; and geographical information for initialisation of forecasting and climate models. The second part describes geographical information used in various climate applications of importance today, related to risk : urban climate ; air pollution ; hydrological problems linked to climatology ; forest fires.Table of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1. Basics of Climatological and Meteorological Observations for GIS Applications 1 Wolfgang SCHOENER 1.1. Data measurements and observations in climatology 2 1.2. Data quality control and data homogenization in climatology 12 1.3. Metadata: documenting quality and usability 20 1.4. Future perspectives 25 1.5. Bibliography 26 Chapter 2. Spatial Analysis, Cartography and Climate 29 Daniel JOLY 2.1. Introduction 29 2.2. Geographic information necessary for interpolation 32 2.3. The main interpolation methods 36 2.4. Geographic information used in statistical interpolations: advantages and disadvantages 42 2.5. Conclusion 67 2.6. Bibliography 69 Chapter 3. Geographical Information, Remote Sensing and Climatology 73 Vincent DUBREUIL 3.1. Introduction 73 3.2. The development phases of meteorological satellites 74 3.3. Examples of how geostationary data are used in Brazil 85 3.4. Examples of NOAA-AVHRR data used in Western France 92 3.5. Conclusion 99 3.6. Acknowledgements 100 3.7. Bibliography 100 Chapter 4. Geographical Information for the Initialization of Numerical Weather Forecast Models and Climate Modeling 103 Pierre BESSEMOULIN 4.1. Introduction 103 4.2. Brief description of the climate system 103 4.3. Brief overview of numerical weather forecast models 107 4.4. Role and description of the Earth’s surface 111 4.5. Description of surface parameters used in a forecast model 119 4.6. Bibliography 123 Chapter 5. Assessing and Modeling the Urban Climate in Lisbon 125 Maria João ALCOFORADO 5.1. Introduction 125 5.2. Historical evolution of urban climate studies 126 5.3. Spatial scales 127 5.4. Climatic modifications induced by settlements 128 5.5. Urban climate monitoring methods 130 5.6. Modeling 134 5.7. Modeling Lisbon’s urban climate at the mesoscale 135 5.8. Modeling Lisbon’s urban climate at the microscale (Telheiras city-district) 144 5.9. Conclusion 152 5.10. Acknowledgements 153 5.11. Bibliography 154 Chapter 6. Geographical Information, Climate and Atmospheric Pollution 159 Isabelle ROUSSEL 6.1. Introduction 159 6.2. Peak pollution periods and alerts: pollution and climate paroxysm 161 6.3. LAURE and territory age 171 6.4. The geography of science and action 180 6.5. Conclusion 190 6.6. Bibliography 191 Chapter 7. Geographical Information and Climatology for Hydrology 195 Jean-Pierre LABORDE 7.1. Hydrological problems of today’s society 195 7.2. Pluviometry: a spatially continuous piece of geographical information 200 7.3. The problems associated with recording rainfall and average spatial rainfall 218 7.4. Conclusion 228 7.5. Bibliography 229 Chapter 8. Geographical Information, Climatology and Forest Fires 233 Pierre CARREGA 8.1. Forest fires: associated risks and individual components 233 8.2. The influence that different climate and weather factors have on forest fires: the indexes 238 8.3. Using geographic information to work out the meteorological risks associated with forest fires 246 8.4. Conclusion List of Authors 271 Index 273
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ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Geopositioning and Mobility
Book SynopsisThis book presents a general overview of the applications and use of geopositioning and GNSS for assisting the supervision and management of mobile terrestrial professions, information, traffic regulation, multimodal information, pedestrian mobility and indoor geopositioning, etc. It especially focuses on the field of mobility and terrestrial transport, the automotive industry and tourism (on foot, by bicycle or motorcycle, by car, by professional vehicles or by public transport, etc.). This book explores the many possibilities, developmental and organizational factors, as well as new paradigms, which will contribute to an essential part of GNSS’s civil economy, especially to Galileo in the mid-term and to Egnos in the short-term. Several of GNSS’s integration structuring aspects in sustainable terrestrial mobilities will be analyzed; for example in terms of system architecture, data safety or legal constraints. Numerous diverse points of view will be presented regarding subjects such as dynamic cartography and new computing architectures of: mobility systems, interconnection, service quality, regulation or supervision functions of individual freedoms. Contents Foreword, Matthias Ruete. 1. The Geopositioning Concept, Yves Alexandre. 2. Functions and Performance of the Egnos System, Jérôme Legenne and Daniel Brocard. 3. Information, Modeling and Traffic Reconstruction, Arnaud De La Fortelle, Jean-Marc Lasgouttes and Fabien Moutarde. 4. Geopositioning and Legal Issues, Thierry Piette-Coudol. 5. Location-based Services: Platforms and Applications, Wafaa Ait-Cheik-Bihi, Ahmed Nait-Sidi-Moh, Mohamed Bakhouya, Jaafer Gaber and Maxime Wack. 6. Geofencing, Fabrice Reclus. 7. Pedestrian Navigation for the Benefit of Mobility, Pierre-Yves Gillieron, Véronique Chazal, Michael Flamm, Dominique Von Der Mühll and Monique Ruzicka-Rossier. 8. The Application of Satellite Positioning Systems in Travel Analysis,Patrick Gendre, Alexis Bacelar and Philippe Marchal. About the Authors Ahmed Nait-Sidi-Moh is Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering and Computer Engineering at the University of Picardie Jules Verne, St Quentin, France. His research interests include modeling, analysis of discrete event systems, performance evaluation and optimization, routing policies, scheduling and interoperability for service composition. Mohamed Bakhouya is a senior research scientist at Aalto University, Finland. His research interests include various aspects on the design, validation, implementation, performance evaluation and analysis of distributed systems, architectures, protocols and services. Jaafar Gaber is Associate Professor of Computational Sciences and Computer Engineering at the University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard, France. His research interests include ubiquitous and pervasive computing, distributed systems, geopositioning and mobility, security and experimental performance evaluations. Maxime Wack is Associate Professor of Computational Sciences and Computer Engineering at the University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard, France. He heads the Geopositioning, Embedded Systems and Mobility (GSEM) team. His research interests include intelligent transportation systems, security, digital signature and certification, location-based services and distributed systems.Table of ContentsForeword xi Introduction xvii Ahmed NAIT-SIDI-MOH, Mohamed BAKHOUYA, Jaafar GABER and Maxime WACK Chapter 1. The Geopositioning Concept 1 Yves ALEXANDRE 1.1. A revolution is announced 1 1.2. The basis of powerful technological systems 2 1.2.1. US creation of a GPS economic industry 2 1.2.2. The European momentum introduced with Galileo which can rely on Egnos from now on 3 1.2.3. An open dynamic beyond the space industry sector 5 1.3. The fundamentals of geopositioning development 6 1.3.1. The universalism decentralizing of the Internet 6 1.3.2. The trend toward “service” of the electronic communication economy 7 1.3.3. The dynamic and lessons of the European GSM success story 9 1.4. Prospective visions of large geopositioning markets in transport and land transport 11 1.4.1. Multiple factors for geopositioning growth 11 1.4.2. Toll systems 12 1.4.3. Transport control and surveillance 15 1.4.4. The production of information 17 1.4.5. Intelligence systems in vehicles 19 1.4.6. Individual mobility (tourism and recreation) 21 1.5. The challenge for the future of the European GNSS incubation services 22 1.5.1. The need for downstream marketing “services, applications and uses” 22 1.5.2. The obligation of “system” strategies 23 1.5.3. The requirement to include GNSS in the new intelligent digital architectures 25 1.6. Bibliography 28 Chapter 2. Functions and Performance of the Egnos System 31 Jérôme LEGENNE and Daniel BROCARD 2.1. Introduction 31 2.2. Operating principles of Egnos 35 2.3. Improving GPS performance with Egnos 37 2.4. The behavior of Egnos faced with a GPS breakdown 42 2.5. Conclusion 43 2.6. Links 45 Chapter 3. Information, Modeling and Traffic Reconstruction 47 Arnaud DE LA FORTELLE, Jean-Marc LASGOUTTES and Fabien MOUTARDE 3.1. New technologies and development 48 3.2. Modeling and algorithms 52 3.3. Analysis and overall traffic prediction 59 3.4. Realizations and experiments 63 3.5. Perspectives 69 3.6. Bibliography 71 Chapter 4. Geopositioning and Legal Issues 75 Thierry PIETTE-COUDOL 4.1. General legal framework of geopositioning 76 4.1.1. Legal texts 76 4.1.2. Relevant legal concepts 77 4.1.3. Technical concepts and the law 81 4.2. Operating a geopositioning service 82 4.2.1. Due diligence – prerequisites 83 4.2.2. Establishment of a general framework for security 86 4.2.3. Determining the aim of the service 88 4.2.4. Administrative declaration 89 4.2.5. The principle of consent in geopositioning 91 4.2.6. Records management issues 95 4.3. Authentication and anonymity 97 4.3.1. Identity, name and anonymity 97 4.3.2. Identity and digital certificates 99 4.4. Bibliography 102 Chapter 5. Location-based Services: Platforms and Applications 103 Wafaa AIT-CHEIK-BIHI, Ahmed NAIT-SIDI-MOH, Mohamed BAKHOUYA, Jaafer GABER and Maxime WACK 5.1. Introduction 103 5.2. Technologies for LBS-based systems 104 5.2.1. Positioning systems and techniques 105 5.2.2. Communication techniques 106 5.2.3. Cartography and geographical information systems 106 5.2.4. Business process 108 5.3. Fields of application of LBS 111 5.3.1. Control and monitoring of vehicles 113 5.3.2. Real-time monitoring of snowplows 116 5.3.3. Application to antilock braking systems 118 5.3.4. TransportML for the collaboration and interaction of services 119 5.3.5. eCall: automatic emergency call system 120 5.3.6. Other LBS-based platforms 122 5.4. Conclusions 122 5.5. Bibliography 123 Chapter 6. Geofencing 127 Fabrice RECLUS 6.1. General presentation 127 6.1.1. Introduction 127 6.1.2. Terminology 128 6.2. Fields of application 131 6.2.1. Merchandise transportation 131 6.2.2. Fleet management 131 6.2.3. Security and defense applications 132 6.2.4. Surveillance of individuals 133 6.3. Tracking and geofencing system 133 6.3.1. Composition of system 133 6.3.2. Functionalities 134 6.4. Geofences 135 6.4.1. Classification 135 6.4.2. Calculation algorithms 137 6.5. Errors and false alarms 139 6.5.1. Parasite phenomena 139 6.5.2. Buffer zones 140 6.5.3. Configuration of a buffer zone 141 6.5.4. Examples of detection methods using geofencing 142 6.5.5. Geographical zones 143 6.5.6. The circle method 144 6.5.7. The rectangle method 144 6.5.8. The polygon method 145 6.5.9. Zones with scheduled time slots 145 6.5.10. Routes 146 6.5.11. Dynamic zones 147 6.6. Possible applications 149 6.6.1. Interest and reduced gains 149 6.7. Applications to road transport 150 6.7.1. Restrictions of access to zones 150 6.7.2. Freeway corridors 151 6.7.3. Monitoring parking in service areas 151 6.7.4. User services 152 6.7.5. Summary table of geofencing applications 152 6.8. Conclusion 153 6.9. Bibliography 154 Chapter 7. Pedestrian Navigation for the Benefit of Mobility 155 Pierre-Yves GILLIÉRON, Véronique CHAZAL, Michael FLAMM, Dominique VON DER MÜHLL and Monique RUZICKA-ROSSIER 7.1. Context 155 7.2. Preamble – Pedestrians 156 7.2.1. Pedestrian travel: an ambiguous status 156 7.2.2. Understanding individuals’ pedestrian thought processes 158 7.3. Current state of pedestrian navigation technologies 162 7.3.1. Location and orientation technologies 162 7.4. Modeling of traffic areas accessible to pedestrians 176 7.4.1. Cartography for pedestrians 176 7.4.2. Navigation maps: from automobile to pedestrian 178 7.4.3. Navigation solutions for built environments 179 7.4.4. The importance of reference point systems 180 7.5. User needs and contexts of use 182 7.5.1. List of potential fields of application 182 7.5.2. Applications to help people with disabilities 183 7.5.3. Applications for leisure activities 188 7.5.4. Applications for navigation in complex infrastructures 190 7.5.5. Applications to serve professionals 194 7.6. Summary and conclusion 196 7.7. Bibliography 198 Chapter 8. The Application of Satellite Positioning Systems in Travel Analysis 203 Patrick GENDRE, Alexis BACELAR and Philippe MARCHAL 8.1. Introduction 203 8.2. Use of geopositioning for travel surveys 204 8.2.1. Context 204 8.2.2. Technical principles 204 8.2.3. Existing supply 204 8.2.4. 2007 National Transport Survey (ENTD) 205 8.2.5. Hardware 207 8.2.6. Software 207 8.2.7. Other recent projects 209 8.2.8. Other similar uses of GNSS 209 8.3. Travel time via GPS: the Cap Vista application 210 8.3.1. Context 210 8.3.2. Creation of software 211 8.4. Presentation of the Cap Vista application 212 8.4.1. GPS, DB and GIS 212 8.4.2. Possible uses 216 8.4.3. Initial assessment and paths of improvement 217 8.5. Conclusions and perspectives 218 8.6. Bibliography 219 Conclusion 223 Ahmed NAIT-SIDI-MOH, Mohamed BAKHOUYA, Jaafar GABER and Maxime WACK Glossary 227 List of Authors 235 Index 237
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