Geochemistry Books
Springer UltrahighPressure Metamorphic Rocks in the DabieshanSulu Region of China 7 Petrology and Structural Geology
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£123.49
Springer Field Screening Europe Proceedings of the First International Conference on Strategies and Techniques for the Investigation and Monitoring of Contaminated Sites
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£123.49
Springer The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Mission
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£123.49
Springer Biogeochemical Investigations at Watershed Landscape and Regional Scales Refereed papers from BIOGEOMON The Third International Symposium on Czech Geological Survey held at
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£170.99
Springer Basement Tectonics 13 Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Confenrence on Basement Tectonics held in Blacksburg Virginia USA June 1997 Conferences on Basement Tectonics
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£123.49
Springer Coalbed Methane Scientific Environmental and Economic Evaluation
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£170.99
Springer Biogeochemical Cycling and Sediment Ecology Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Biochemical Sediments Held in Hel Poland August 1997 59 Nato Science Partnership Subseries 2
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£123.49
Springer Hydrogeology of Crystalline Rocks 34 Water Science and Technology Library
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£85.49
Springer Man and River Systems The Functioning of River Systems at the Basin Scale 146 Developments in Hydrobiology
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£123.49
Springer Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter Ocean Sciences Research 2
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£170.99
Springer From Dust to Terrestrial Planets Proceedings of an ISSI Workshop 1519 February 1999 Bern Switzerland Space Sciences Series of ISSI
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£170.99
Springer Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments Volume 1 Basin Analysis Coring and Chronological Techniques Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research
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£123.49
Springer Astrobiology Origins from the BigBang to Civilisation Proceedings of the Iberoamerican School of Astrobiology Caracas Venezuela 28 November 8 December 1999
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£170.99
Springer Biogeochemistry of Ancient and Modern Environments
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£44.99
de Gruyter Pore Scale Geochemical Processes
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£52.00
de Gruyter NonTraditional Stable Isotopes 82 Reviews in
Book Synopsis
£41.00
Springer Us Studies of Cave Sediments Physical And Chemical Records Of Paleoclimate
Book SynopsisThe oldest records of modem human culture are the vivid cave paintings from southern France and northern Spain, which are in some cases more than 30,000 years old (Chauvet, et ai, 1996).Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "This is the first book to deal specifically with cave sediments and so is an important resource for people conducting research in caves, e.g. geoscientists, speleologists and archaeologists. The book includes a range of cave sites, applicable techniques with in-depth reviews and several case studies to provide an excellent tool for those already involved in cave research and those interested in venturing into cave-sediment studies." (Mark Stephens, Journal of Sedimentary Research, Vol 75, 2005) "The dual nature of the subject and the wide range of topics and analytical approaches might give the superficial impression of a heterogeneous group of papers cobbled together into a book. On the contrary, these topics are well integrated into a fairly coherent picture. Even the local studies provide wide-ranging concepts." (Arthur N. Palmer, and Margaret v. Palmer, Journal of Cave and Karst Sediments, Vol 67, no. 2, p. 140-141) "This book aims to provide a comprehensive treatment of cave deposits, with a particular focus on the palaeoclimate record they hold. … covering key aspects of both clastic sediments and precipitates from many karst regions around the globe. … this book serves well as an account of the state-of-art in the study of cave sediments and their value in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. … it is likely to be of great interest to higher-level undergraduates, postgraduates and academics … ." (Stefan H. Doerr, The Holocene, Issue 15, 2005) "Cave sediments studies pose multiple problems, both with the difficult access to many underground sites and also with the correlation of the cave record with surface events … . The subject is often over-looked by hard-line surface investigators, but this book should help promote and develop this databank of geological history. … This book is attractively presented … . Its contents should be compulsory reading for anyone researching Quaternary chronology and palaeo-environments. The volume should also be read by a much wider audience … ." (Tony Waltham, Geological Magazine, Vol. 124 (4), 2005)Table of Contents1. LITHOFACIES AND TRANSPORT OF CLASTIC SEDIMENTS IN KARSTIC AQUIFERS.- 2. SEDIMENT AND SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT THROUGH KARST.- 3. PALAEOMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS ON THE BUCHAN CAVES, SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA, PROVIDES A PRE-LATE PLEISTOCENE DATE FOR LANDSCAPE AND CLIMATE EVOLUTION.- 4. PALEOMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF A LONG-TERM SEDIMENT TRAP, KOOKEN CAVE, HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, USA.- 5. PROVENANCE OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DISCHARGED FROM A KARST AQUIFER DETERMINED BY CLAY MINERALOGY.- 6. READING VIRGINIA’S PALEOCLIMATE FROM THE GEOCHEMISTRY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF CLASTIC CAVE SEDIMENTS.- 7. GLACIALLY-INFLUENCED SEDIMENT CYCLES IN THE LIME CREEK KARST, EAGLE COUNTY, COLORADO.- 8. CAVE SEDIMENTS AND DENUDED CAVERNS IN THE LASKI RAVNIK, CLASSICAL KARST OF SLOVENIA.- 9. PALEOCLIMATE RECORDS FROM SPELEOTHEMS IN LIMESTONE CAVES.- 10. URANIUM-SERIES DATING OF SPELEOTHEMS: CURRENT TECHNIQUES, LIMITS, & APPLICATIONS.- 11. PALEOCLIMATE INFORMATION FROM SPELEOTHEMS: THE PRESENT AS A GUIDE TO THE PAST.- 12. INFLUENCE OF DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON DEVIL’S HOLE CALCITE MORPHOLOGY AND PETROLOGY.- 13. SPELEOTHEMS FROM THE HIGH-ALPINE SPANNAGEL CAVE, ZILLERTAL ALPS (AUSTRIA).- 14. ISOTOPE STAGE 11, THE “SUPER-INTERGLACIAL”, FROM A NORTH NORWEGIAN SPELEOTHEM.- 15. ESTABLISHING A SPELEOTHEM CHRONOLOGY FOR SOUTHWESTERN OREGON — CLIMATIC CONTROLS AND GROWTH MODELLING.- 16. SILICATES IN CARBONATE SPELEOTHEMS, GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO, U.S.A.- 17. RELIQUIAE DILUVIANAE ALTER: LAST INTERGLACIAL FLOOD DEPOSITS IN THE CAVES OF THE WEST INDIES.
£44.99
de Gruyter Diamond: Genesis, Mineralogy and Geochemistry
Book Synopsis
£95.48
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Hadean Earth
Book SynopsisThis book consolidates the latest research on the Hadean Eon - the first 500 million years of Earth history - which has permitted hypotheses of early Earth evolution to be tested, including geophysical models that include the possibility of plate tectonic-like behavior. These new observations challenge the longstanding Hadean paradigm – based on no observational evidence - of a desiccated, lifeless, continent-free wasteland in which surface petrogenesis was largely due to extraterrestrial impacts. The eon was termed “Hadean” to reflect such a hellish environment. That view began to be challenged in 2001 as results of geochemical analyses of greater than 4 billion year old zircons from Australia emerged. These data were consistent with the zircons forming in a world much more similar to today than long thought and interpreted to indicate that sediment cycling was occurring in the presence of liquid water. This new view leaves open the possibility that life could have emerged shortly after Earth accretion. The epistemic limitations under which the old paradigm persisted are closely examined. The book is principally designed as a monograph but has the potential to be used as a text for advanced graduate courses on early Earth evolution.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Why HadeanChapter 2: Thermal evolution modelsChapter 3: Radionuclide produced isotopic variations in mantle rocks Chapter 4: The lunar surface and Late Heavy Bombardment conceptChapter 5: Models of continental growth and destructionChapter 6: Plate boundary interactions through geologic historyChapter 7: Hadean Jack Hills zircon geochemistryChapter 8: Hadean zircons elsewhere in the solar systemChapter 9: Proposed sources of Hadean zirconsChapter 10: Could the Hadean eon have been habitable?Chapter 11: Morpho- and chemo-fossil evidence for the appearance of lifeChapter 12: CollectaneaAppendix I: Expanding the search for terrestrial Hadean zircons
£104.49
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Uranous Mineralogy of Hypergene Reduction Region:
Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive view of the valuable uranium ores and analytical electron microscopy methods, including electron microdiffraction principles, an essential technique for studying uranous minerals.This book also explains the laws governing the formation of uranium mineral accumulations, based on concepts published by the renowned Russian mineralogist L.N. Belova. It addresses all types of ore uranium concentrations in the hypergene region and schematizes all uranium mineral formation processes. Readers will also find selected examples of different genetic types of uranium deposits of black sooty ores; the data gathered from all findings on ningyoite worldwide, and new crystal chemistry data on tetravalent uranium phosphates. Table of ContentsIntroduction I. Practice of studying of dispersal uranium minerals by ATEM methods 1) Possibilities of TEM when studying dispersible minerals 2) Microdiffraction SAED method Methods of interpretation of electron diffraction SAED-patterns Methodical ways of interpretation 3) Contribution of EM to uranium mineralogy II. Minerals of tetravalent uranium U4+ of hypergenesis zone 1. Ore mineralization of the reduction zone of hypergenesis – uranium blacks 1) Regularities of manifestation of the uranium blacks mineralization in a hypergenesis zone 2) Examples of deposites with the industrial blacks mineralization 3) The mineral composition of uranium blacks (Uraninite. Coffinite. Ningyoite.) 4) Genetic crystalchemistry of mineral components of uranium black/sooty 2. New minerals family – U4+ phosphates 1) Ningyoite – mineral of Rhabdophane group 2) Lermontovite mineral group (Lermontovite. Vyacheslavite. Urphoite.) 3. The crystal-chemistry data ATEM for questions of uranium mineralogy 1) Questions of isomorphism and systematics of phosphates of the rhabdophane group 2) About the position of calcium in minerals of tetravalent uranium 3) About phosphosilicates of tetravalent uranium Conclusion
£113.99
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Practical Geochemistry
Book SynopsisThis book is a marked departure from typical introductory geochemistry books available: It provides a simple, straightforward, applied, and down-to-earth no-nonsense introduction to geochemistry. It is for the undergraduate students who are introduced to the subject for the first time, but also for practicing geologists who do not need the heavy-duty theory, but some clear, simple, and useful practical tips and pointers.This book, written from the point of view of a practicing geologist, introduces the fundamental and most relevant principles of geochemistry, explaining them whenever possible in plain terms. Crucially, this textbook covers – in a single volume! – practical and useful topics that other introductory geochemistry books ignore, such as sampling and sample treatment, analytical geochemistry, data treatment and geostatistics, classification and discrimination diagrams, geochemical exploration, and environmental geochemistry. The main strengths of this book are the breadth of useful and practical topics, the straightforward and approachable way in which it is written, the numerous real-world and specific geological examples, and the exercises and review questions (using real-world data and providing on-line answers). It is therefore easily understood by the beginner geochemist or any geologist who desires to use geochemistry in their daily work.Table of Contents1. The elements.- Nucleosynthesis.- Characteristics.- Isotopes.- Behaviour.- Substitutions.- 2. Analytical techniques.- Whole rock.- Microbeam.- Isotopes.- Data treatment and statistics.- 3. Applications.- Chemical composition of the Earth.- Lithogeochemistry and rock classification.- Geodynamic setting.- Alterations and metamorphism.- Mineral exploration.
£44.99
Springer Analytical Isotope Geochemistry
Book Synopsis1. Hadean to Human: Application of isotopes in Natural Sciences.- 2. Analysis of Short-lived Radioactive Isotopes in Seawater.- 3. In situ, microscopic, microanalytical view of the Solar system using secondary ion mass spectrometer.- 4. Lithium isotope methods - light but tricky.- 5. Boron isotope analysis in marine biogenic carbonates.
£113.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Clays
Book SynopsisHere is a comprehensive and up to-do-date presentation of the origins, and properties of clay minerals at the Earth´s surface. The text reviews the relatively simple laws that govern the chemical or isotopic composition and the crystalline structure of clays, and then discusses their genesis and alteration. Concluding chapters show that clay minerals can form in variety of different environments: meteorites, lavas, subduction zones, among others.Table of ContentsCrystal Structure — Species — Crystallisation.- Crystal Chemistry of Clay Minerals.- Energy Balances: Thermodynamics — Kinetics.- Isotopic Composition of Clay Minerals.- Surface Properties — Behaviour Rules — Microtextures.- Clays in Soils and Weathered Rocks.- Clays in Sedimentary Environments.- Diagenesis and Very Low-Grade Metamorphism.- Hydrothermal Process — Thermal Metamorphism.- Clays Under Extreme Conditions.
£85.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Scheffer/Schachtschabel Soil Science
Book SynopsisThe soils are fundamental to our existence, delivering water and nutrients to plants, that feed us. But they are in many ways in danger and their conservation is therefore a most important focus for science, governments and society as a whole. A team of world recognised researchers have prepared this first English edition based on the 16th European edition. • The precursors and the processes of soil development • The physical, biological and chemical properties of soils • Nutrients and Pollutants • The various soil classifications with the main focus on the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) • The most important soils and soil landscapes of the world • Soil Evaluation Techniques • Basic Principles of Soil Conservation Whoever works with soils needs this book. Trade Review“Each chapter is well organized with numerous subsections discussing specific topics. The text is also well illustrated to clarify relationships for the soil functions discussed. … The textbook is suitable for teaching advanced students in soil science or allied curricula. It is also an excellent resource for professionals with backgrounds in engineering, biology, ecology, and agriculture. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals/practitioners.” (S. G. Shetron, Choice, Vol. 53 (10), June, 2016)
£104.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Scheffer/Schachtschabel Soil Science
Book SynopsisThe soils are fundamental to our existence, delivering water and nutrients to plants, that feed us. But they are in many ways in danger and their conservation is therefore a most important focus for science, governments and society as a whole. A team of world recognised researchers have prepared this first English edition based on the 16th European edition. • The precursors and the processes of soil development • The physical, biological and chemical properties of soils • Nutrients and Pollutants • The various soil classifications with the main focus on the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) • The most important soils and soil landscapes of the world • Soil Evaluation Techniques • Basic Principles of Soil Conservation Whoever works with soils needs this book. Trade Review“Each chapter is well organized with numerous subsections discussing specific topics. The text is also well illustrated to clarify relationships for the soil functions discussed. … The textbook is suitable for teaching advanced students in soil science or allied curricula. It is also an excellent resource for professionals with backgrounds in engineering, biology, ecology, and agriculture. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals/practitioners.” (S. G. Shetron, Choice, Vol. 53 (10), June, 2016)
£104.49
Taylor & Francis Ltd Understanding the Geological and Medical
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPlenary Presentations. Section 1: Geology and Hydrogeology of Arsenic 1.1 Geogenic and Anthropogenic Sources of Arsenic: Significance and Characterisation. 1.2 Hydrogeolocial / Sedimentological Control on Arsenic Distribution / Heterogeneity. 1.3 Mobility and Transport of Arsenic (Geochemical Modelling, Environmental Fate and Risk Assessment) Section 2: Medical and Health Issues of Arsenic 2.1 Chronic Arsenic Effects and Epidemiological Studies. 2.2 Recent Advances in Arsenic Toxicology/Biochemistry and Food Web Transfer Section 3: Remediation and Policy 3.1 Arsenic in Soils, Plants and Food Chain: Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility, Uptake and Toxicity. 3.2 Remediation and Water Treatment. 3.3 Risk Assessment and Management of Environmental Arsenic Section 4: Analytical Methods for Arsenic 4.1 Analysis: Recent Advances and ChallengersSection S1: Special Topic 1: Risk Assessment of Arsenic from Mining. Section S2: Special Topic 2: Geomicrobiology of Arsenic. Section S3: Special Topic 3: Geothermal Arsenic. Section S4: Special Topic 4: Rice Arsenic and Health Perspective. Section S5: Special Topic 5: Sustainable Mitigation of Arsenic: From Field Trials to Policy Implications. Section S6: Special Topic 6: Biochemical Processes of High Arsenic Groundwater in Inland Basins
£175.75
Taylor & Francis Inc Occurence Distribution of Selenium
Book SynopsisA comprehensive and critical assessment of selenium levels in both natural and man-made materials and systems is presented in this publication. The book begins with a treatment of the chemistry and analytical chemistry of the element and an important discussion of the status and reliability of analytical data together with the approach to be followed in extracting, managing and presenting the information. An in-depth treatment of selenium is arranged according to groupings of the different materials and systems. Each chapter discusses the occurrence of selenium in and distribution among components of the specified system. Additionally, easy reference compilations of concentration data based on critical assessment of the selenium literature are provided, along with a comprehensive listing of the pertinent literature. The book concludes with chapters on the biogeochemistry of selenium in natural systems. Throughout, consideration is given to both total selenium and its compounds.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Inorganic Analytical Chemistry of Selenium. Analytical Chemistry of Organic and Biochemical Selenium. The Literature of Selenium and the Status and Treatment of Analytical Data. Plants and Agricultural Materials. Foods. Animal Tissues. Human Tissues. Geological Materials and Soils. Fresh Water Systems. The Marine Environment. The Atmosphere. Global Cycling of Selenium. Appendix. Index.
£356.25
Taylor & Francis Ltd New Studies on Former and Recent Landscape
Book SynopsisVolume 32 (2013) of the internationally recognized and acclaimed yearbook series Palaeoecology of Africa' publishes 9 new interdisciplinary scientific papers on former and recent landscape evolution and on past environments of the African continent (e.g. climate change, vegetation dynamics and growing impact of humans on ecosystems). These papers expand horizons and interconnections to various types and methodologies of research on environmental dynamics from the Pliocene up to the present: review articles and regional case studies cover Nigeria, Cameroon, selected areas of the Congo basin, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia and South Africa. This volume also gives space to researchers from Africa to present their findings to a wider international audience.Today, by growing awareness of the worldwide impact of Global Change, it has become obvious that aside of the northern and southern hemisphere Polar region also the environmental setting in Africa was subject to considerable changes ovTable of ContentsPalaeoecological conditions in the Sokoto basin and the deep offshore Niger Delta (Nigeria) evidenced by benthonic foraminiferal microfaunaA hazy shade of winter: Late Pleistocene environments and behavioural adaptations at Blombos Cave, South AfricaLate Quaternary valley and slope deposits and their palaeoenvironmental significance in the Upper Congo Basin, Central AfricaLake level Changes of Barombi Mbo (Cameroon) during late Quaternary. Compared catchment and crater lake recordsPalaeoenvironmental comments on a Late Holocene debris-flow process in Lake Assom (Adamawa, Cameroon)Palaeoenvironmental Characteristics of the Plio-Pleistocene Chiwondo and Chitimwe Beds (N-Malawi)Why ‘Younger Dryas’? Why not ‘Antarctic Cold Reversal’? Eksteenfontein revisitedHistorical and Present-Day Landscape Degradation in Anambra State (Nigeria): Impacts and Remedial MeasuresClimate change analysis across rainfall-discharge variability in selected river catchments of Kenya and Central African Republic
£166.25
Taylor & Francis Inc Middle American Terranes Potential Correlatives
Book SynopsisConsisting of papers that have appeared recently in International Geology Review, Middle American Terranes, Potential Correlatives, and Orogenic Processes focuses on Middle American terranes in which tectonic processes, including flat-slab subduction, for orogenic development are examined at various times since the late Mesoproterozoic: at 1 Ga, through the Paleozoic, and into the Cenozoic. Many papers relate the evolution of the Middle American terranes over the past billion years to global scale events, and a second theme running through the book relates to the supercontinents, Rodinia and Pangea, the geometry of their amalgamation and breakup, and the processes responsible. Highlights include: An update on the geographic record, tectonic setting, and provenance of these terranes Documentation of allocthonous nature and position peripheral to Amazonia of the ~1 Ga basement of southerTable of ContentsMiddle American Terranes. Oaxaquia Terrane. Mixteca Terrane. North American Craton. Sierra Madre Terrane. Chuacús Terrane. Chortis Terrane. Potential Correlatives. Orogenic Processes.
£156.75
Taylor & Francis Inc Introduction to Environmental Geotechnology
Book SynopsisThis new edition of a bestseller presents updated technology advances that have occurred since publication of the first edition. It increases the utility and scope of the content through numerous case studies and examples and an entirely new set of problems and solutions. The book also has an accompanying instructor''s guide and presents rubrics by which instructors can increase student learning and evaluate student outcomes, chapter by chapter. The book focuses on the increasing importance of water resources and energy in the broader context of environmental sustainability. It's interdisciplinary coverage includes soil science, physical chemistry, mineralogy, geology, ground pollution, and more.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Particle Energy Field Theory and Its Application. Nature of Soil and Environment. Soil Technology. Soil-Water-Air Interaction in the Environment. Shrinkage, Swelling and Cracking Characteristics of Soil. Thermal Properties of Soils. Electrical Properties of Soil. Radiation Effects on Water, Soil and Rock. Compressibility and Stress-Strain-Strength of Soils. Environmental Geotechnical Engineering Applications. Problematic Soils and Rocks. Wetlands, Coastal Margins and Soil Erosion Problems. Ground Surface Subsidences. Slope Stability and Landslides. Solid/Liquid Waste Control and Utilization of Wastes. Arid Lands, Desert and Antidesertification Measures. References. Appendices. Symbols. Conversion Factors. Chemical Fundamentals.
£120.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic
Book SynopsisShallow water marine molluscan faunas are distributed in a pattern of distinct, geographically definable areas. This makes mollusks ideal for studying the distribution of organisms in the marine environment and the processes and patterns that control their evolution. Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks is the first book to use quantitative methodologies to define marine molluscan biogeographical patterns. It traces the historical development of these patterns for the subtropical and tropical western Atlantic. The book discusses the multistage process of evolving new taxa caused by eustatic fluctuations, ecological stress, and evolutionary selection. Drawing on his decades of intensive field work, the author defines three western Atlantic molluscan provinces and 15 subprovinces based on his Provincial Combined Index, a modern refinement of Valentineâs 50% rule. The faunal provincesâCarolinian, Caribbean, and Brazilianâare discussed in detail. TheTrade Review"Professor Petuch draws upon an extraordinary wealth of personal experience and many decades of field work studying both recent and fossil mollusks throughout the western Atlantic, and has produced a prolific body of publications on these faunas. … [He] is to be commended for clearly and succinctly defining a useful tool for quantifying faunal distinctions among geographic regions. This methodology can also be used to produce a series of testable hypotheses that will serve both as a foundation and as a point of departure for additional research into the effects of geography and ecology on the evolution and diversification of faunas."—From the Foreword by M. G. Harasewych, Ph.D., National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionTable of ContentsIntroduction: American Molluscan Faunas in Time and Space. The Molluscan Provincial Concept in the Tropical Western Atlantic. Provinces of the Tropical Western Atlantic. Molluscan Biodiversity in the Georgian Subprovince. Molluscan Biodiversity in the Subprovinces of the Florida Peninsula. Southern and Western Subprovinces of the Carolinian Province. Northern Subprovinces of the Caribbean Province. Molluscan Biodiversity in the Nicaraguan Subprovince. Molluscan Biodiversity in the Venezuelan Subprovince. Molluscan Biodiversity in the Grenadian and Surinamian Subprovinces. Northern Subprovinces of the Brazilian Province. Molluscan Biodiversity in the Paulinian Subprovince. Bibliography. Appendices. Index.
£171.00
Taylor & Francis Inc Bioassays with Arthropods
Book SynopsisImagine a statistics book for bioassays written by a statistician. Next, imagine a statistics book for bioassays written for a layman. Bioassays with Arthropods, Third Edition offers the best of both worlds by translating the terse, precise language of the statistician into language used by the laboratory scientist. The book explains the statistical basis and analysis for each kind of quantal response bioassay in just the right amount of detail. The first two editions were a great reference for designing, conducting, and interpreting bioassays: this completely revised and updated third edition will also train the laboratory scientist to be an expert in estimation of dose response curves. New in the Third Edition: Introduces four new Windows and Apple-based computer programs (PoloJR, OptiDose, PoloMixture and PoloMulti) for the analyses of binary and multiple response analyses, respectively Trade ReviewReviews "Bioassays with Arthropods, 3rd Edition, is an excellent book and reference guide for all level of students who are interested in biological sciences and in need of an easy-to-use reference. The best part about this book is that it uses real life examples and talks about all possible scenarios that we encounter when we are new to a specific bioassay. Language is very easy to follow and even motivational for new scientists in the field. In addition, the authors are all accomplished scientists. I have known Moneen Jones for several years now, since our post-doc days at the University of Florida, and she has always displayed a high level of passion and dedication for entomology." — Siddharth Tiwari, PhD, Biology Project Leader, Global Insecticides, BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, United States Bioassays with Arthropods, Third Edition acts as a sort of bible for those who design and conduct bioassays with arthropods and interpret bioassay data. This book is written in a reader-friendly language and explains statistical concepts in simple terms without using much of mathematical symbols. This approach makes it easier for biology students to understand the analysis and interpretation of bioassay data. I used earlier editions of this book as a graduate student to understand interpretations of POLO outputs. In this edition, the authors have included more details in each chapter for readers to understand concepts missing in earlier editions, and added a new chapter on population toxicology. This new edition is a must for anyone interested in design and analysis of arthropod bioassays. I am very much looking forward to the publication of the third edition. —Ashfaq A. Sial, Assistant Professor and IPM Coordinator, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Praise for Previous Editions Bioassays with Arthropods is an excellent desktop reference and guide for use in designing, conducting, and analyzing a wide variety of bioassays that investigate a wide variety of chemistries and simulated environmental treatments. The book has utility for everyone from the beginning graduate student to the seasoned professional researcher. Additionally, this reviewer further recommends the book as a very suitable companion book for courses specifically dealing with arthropod toxicology and pest management science."—M. E. Scharf, Entomology & Nematology Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, in Florida Entomologist 91(3), Sept. 2008 "… not only tremendously informative, but also a pleasure to read. … the reader is provided not only with the correct design but also statistical equations with clear explanations of their meaning. The authors also provide guidance on the use of LeOra Software, including PoloPlus, PoloMix, PoloDose, and PoloEncore, for straightforward, user-friendly statistical analysis. It is this step-by-step process throughout the book that is so helpful in tying all of these complex topics together into a story that is fun to read. … a wonderful reference text for both beginning and experienced researchers."—Denny Bruck, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-DARS, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, in Journal of Economic Entomology, February 2009 "When the first edition of this book was published in 1992, senior entomologists and students alike breathed a sigh of relief. Suddenly, we had a reference written in tractable language and relatively free of Greek symbols, or mathematical coding that sends many students of biological sciences into immediate mental block. In addition, now we had sensible, down to earth interpretations of POLO inputs and outputs. Even better for the non-mathematical or statistically inclined, their questions concerning how many doses, how many replicates, or how many insects to use in the design of their bioassay experiments, were answered in comprehensible language. …I very much look forward to the second edition." — Susan P Worner, Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, Lincoln University, NEW ZEALAND Table of ContentsIntroduction. Quantal Response Bioassays. Binary Quantal Response with One Explanatory Variable. Binary Quantal Response: Data Analyses. Binary Quantal Response: Dose Number, Dose Selection, and Sample Size. Natural Variation in Response. Quarantine Statistics. Statistical Analyses of Data from Bioassays with Microbial Products. Pesticide Resistance. Mixtures. Time as a Variable. Binary Quantal Response with Multiple Explanatory Variables. Multiple Explanatory Variables: Body Weight. Polytomous (Multinominal) Quantal Response. Improving Prediction Based on Dose-Response Bioassays.
£166.25
Taylor & Francis Inc Mining in the Himalayas
Book SynopsisHimalaya, the world''s most prominent mountain system of the world is a source of sustainence for the social, cultural and economic development of population across different countries. Unscientific, small-scale mining for harnessing reounrces including minerals has caused ecosystem damage. Therefore, an integrated and holistic approach to deal with the resource management is required. This book makes a focussed effort to explain how mining in the Himalaya is practiced with discussions pertaining to critiques and lacunas of mining and environmental practices. Status of mining practices in Himalaya is included along with the legal/environmental repercussions of mining.Table of ContentsIndian himalaya : mining and mineral potentiality. Existing practices : critiques and lacunas. Eco- friendly perspective of himlayan mining. Solutions: some new, practical and eco-friendly ideas for himalaya. Himalayan mining in camera’s eye (memories down the lane). Environmental attributes: two niche areas. Environmental degradation index (edi). Environmental friendly transportation practices in hilly mines. Integrated strategy and best practice mining. Environment oriented development. Parvatadhiraj : the himalaya. Bibliography / suggested reading.
£147.25
Taylor & Francis Inc Standard Methods of Geophysical Formation
Book SynopsisThese three works cover the entire field of formation evaluation, from basic concepts and theories, through standard methods used by the petroleum industry, on to new and exciting applications in environmental science and engineering, hydrogeology, and other fields. Designed to be used individually or as a set, these volumes represent the first comprehensive assessment of all exploration methodologies. No other books offer the breadth of information and range of applications available in this set.Trade Review"…fundamental knowledge and general rules of well logging are gathered and clearly presented and the reviewed book can play important role in the education of log analysts."-Jadwiga Jarzyna, Environmental ProtectionTable of ContentsCONTENTS: Resistivity Methods. Focused Resistivity Methods. Induction Methods. Resistivity Log Interpretation. Spontaneous Potentials. Natural Gamma Radiation. Gamma Ray Spectroscopy. Neutron Porosity Logging. Neutron Activation Methods. Formation Evaluation - Standard Methods. Index.
£161.50
A A Balkema Publishers Palaeohistoria 37/38 (1995/1996): Institute of
Book SynopsisVolumes 37 and 38 of this annual published since 1951 include excavational reports and analytical studies on archaeology, palaeobotany and archaezoology.
£194.75
CRC Press Mathematical Geology and Geoinformatics
Book SynopsisThis book presents the proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress, providing information on geological hazards map and image analytical systems, mineral resources with integrated information, phase-separation analysis, mineral reserve estimation, and geosciences and management information systems
£71.24
The University of Chicago Press Water Witching U.S.A.
Book SynopsisDespite advanced technology, the practice of water witching - using a forked stick to indicate an underground source of water - persists in both rural and urban areas. This work gives personal accounts, historical background and data from controlled experiments and a nationwide survey.
£24.00
Columbia University Press Geochemistry
Book SynopsisIntended for undergraduate and graduate geologists, this book focuses on how geochemical principles can be used to solve practical problems. It gives students a grasp of the basic principles of the subject, balancing the traditional equilibrium perspective and the kinetic viewpoint.Trade ReviewI would happily recommend this book as a wide-ranging introduction to the subject. -- Mike Fowler Geological MagazineTable of ContentsPreface 1. Introducing Concepts in Geochemical Systems 2. How Elements Behave 3. A First Look at Thermodynamic Equilibrium 4. How to Handle Solutions 5. Diageneis: A Study in Kinetics 6. Organic Matter and Biomarkers: A Different Perspective 7. Chemical Weathering: Dissolution and Redox Processes 8. The Oceans and Atmosphere as a Geochemical System 9. Temperature and Pressure Changes: Themodynamics Again 10. Picturing Equilibria: Phase Diagrams 11. Kinetics and Crystallization 12. The Solid Earth as a Geochemical System 13. Using Stable Isotopes 14. Using Radioactive Isotopes 15. Stretching Our Horizons: Cosmochemistry Appendix A: Mathematical Methods Appendix B: Finding and Evaluating Geochemical Data Appendix C: Numerical Values of Geochemical Interest Glossary Index
£76.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Chemistry of the SolidWater Interface
Book SynopsisProvides an introduction to the chemistry of the solid-water interface, progressing from the simple to more complex and applied. Discusses the important interfaces in natural systems, especially geochemistry, in natural waters, soils and sediments. The processes occurring at mineral-water, particle-water and organism-water interfaces play critical roles in regulating the composition and ecology of oceans and fresh waters, the development of soils and plant nutrient''s supply, preserving the integrity of water repositories and in such applications as water technology and corrosion science.Table of ContentsThe Coordination Chemistry of the Hydrous Oxide-WaterInterface. Surface Charge and the Electric Double Layer. Adsorption. The Kinetics of Surface Controlled Dissolution of Oxide Minerals:An Introduction to Weathering. Precipitation and Nucleation. Particle-Particle Interaction. Carbonates and Their Reactivities. Redox Processes Mediated by Surfaces. Heterogeneous Photochemistry. Regulation of Trace Elements by the Solid-Water Interface inSurface Waters. References. Index.
£135.85
Wiley-Blackwell Environmental Chemodynamics Movement of
Book SynopsisThoroughly updated and expanded by over 50%, this new edition of acclaimed work focuses on understanding and quantifying the behavior of chemicals in air, water and soil. Helps engineers, scientists, and environmental professionals performing risk assessments, understand how natural processes operate to mobilize chemicals.Table of ContentsEquilibrium at Environmental Interfaces. Transport Fundamentals. Chemical Exchange Between Air and Water. Chemical Exchange Between Water and the Adjoining EarthenMaterial. Chemical Exchange Between Air and Soil. Intraphase Chemical Transport and Fate. Appendices. Index.
£145.76
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Inorganic Geochemistry
Book SynopsisPetroleum is not as easy to find as it used to be. In order to locate and develop reserves efficiently, it''s vital that geologists and geophysicists understand the geological processes that affect a reservoir rock and the oil that is trapped within it. This book is about how and to what extent, these processes may be understood. The theme of the book is the characterization of fluids in sedimentary basins, understanding their interaction with each other and with rocks, and the application of this information to finding, developing and producing oil and gas. The first part of the book describes the techniques, and the second part relates real-life case histories covering a wide range of applications. Petroleum geology, particularly exploration, involves making the best of incomplete results. It is essentially an optimistic exercise. This book will remove some of the guesswork. Brings together the most important geochemical methodsTable of ContentsIntroduction. Textural and Mineralogical Analysis. Fluid Inclusions; Stable Isotopes. Radiogenic Isotopes. Porosity and Permeability Prediction. Fluid Migration. Correlation. Petroleum Recovery. References
£95.36
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Carbonate Cementation in Sandstones Distribution
Book SynopsisCarbonate cements are very common and abundant in clastic sequences. They profoundly influence the quality of hydrocarbon reservoirs and supply important information on palaeoenvironments and the chemical composition and flow patterns of fluids in sedimentary basins. Despite this importance, their distribution patterns in time and space and their geochemical evolution are not yet deeply explored and elucidated. This Special Publication contains 21 review papers and case studies on carbonate cementation in clastic sequences written by invited specialists on the subject. These papers present a wide and deep coverage that enhance our knowledge about carbonate cementation in various clastic depositional environments, tectonic settings and burial histories. The book will be of special interest to researchers, petroleum geologists and teachers and students at the postgraduate level. If you are a member of the International Association of Sedimentologists, for purchasing details,Trade Review"This volume gives a good overview of the "state of the art" in sandstone diagenesis. It should be a useful text for researchers dealing with sandstone diagenesis." (Journal of Sedimentary Research)Table of ContentsCarbonate cementation in sandstones: controls on distribution patterns and geochemical evolution. Origin and spatial distribution of early vadose and phreatic calcite cements in the Zia Formation, Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico, USA. Carbonate diagenesis and porosity evolution in sheet-flood sandstones: evidence from the Middle and Lower Lunde Members (Triassic) in the Snorre Field, Norwegian North Sea. Carbonate diagenesis in non-marine foreland sandstones at the western edge of the Alleghanian Overthrust Belt, southern Appalachians. Paleogeographic, paleoclimatic and burial-history controls on the diagenetic evolution of reservoir sandstones: evidence from the Lower Cretaceous Serraria sandstones in Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, NE Brazil. Carbonate cements in the Tertiary sandstones of the Swiss Molasse Basin: their petrography, isotope geochemistry and relevance to paleohydrodynamic reconstruction. Carbonate cement in the Triassic Chaunoy Formation of the Paris Basin: distribution and effect on flow properties. Calcite cement in shallow marine sandstones-growth mechanisms and geometry. Origin of low-permeability calcite-cemented lenses in shallow-marine sandstones and CaCO3 cementation mechanisms: an example from the Lower Jurassic Luxemburg Sandstone Formation, Luxemburg. Geochemical history of calcite precipitation in Tertiary sandstones, Northern Apennines, Italy. Diagenetic evolution of synorogenic hybrid and lithic arenites (Miocene), northern Apennines, Italy. Carbonate cementation in Tertiary sandstones, San Joaquin Basin, California. Carbonate cementation in the Middle Jurassic Oseberg reservoir sandstones, Oseberg field: a case study of late diagenetic-high temperature poikilotopic calcite. Origin and timing of carbonate cementation of the Namorado Sandstone (Cretaceous), Albacora Field, Brazil: implications for oil recovery. Structural controls on seismic-scale carbonate cementation in hydrocarbon-bearing Jurassic fluvial and marine sandstones from Australia: a comparison. Carbonate cementation - key to reservoir properties of four sandstone level (Cretaceous) in Hibernia Oilfield, Jeane d'Arc Basin, Newfoundland, Canada. The significance of d13C of carbonate cements in reservoir sandstones: a regional perspective from the Jurassic of the Northern North Sea. Origin and significance of fracture-related dolomite in porous sandstones: an example from the Carboniferous of County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Saddle (baroque) dolomite in carbonates and sandstones: a reappraisal of a burial-diagenetic concept. Application of quantitative back-scattered electron image analysis in isotopic interpretation of siderite cement: Tirrawarra Sandstone, Cooper Basin (Australia). Carbonate cement dissolution during a cyclic CO2 enhanced oil recovery treatment.
£124.15
Princeton University Press Global Environment
Book SynopsisDiscusses the major elements of the geochemical cycles and global fluxes found in the atmosphere, land, lakes, rivers, biota, and oceans, as well as the human effects on these fluxes. This book offers presentation of major advances in the study of chemical weathering. It provides global coverage of environmental problems involving water.Trade Review"This second edition of a useful book by distinguished authors Elizabeth Berner and Robert Berner surveys the status of the terrestrial environment from the standpoint of cycles of material and energy... Global Environment can also serve as a reliable, detailed introduction to environmental science for master's-level practitioners in the field. Well edited with an admirable consistency of writing style and viewpoint."--Choice "This well-written book is easy to read. It goes into just the right amount of detail; with the exception of trace elements! The authors have presented wide-ranging references providing the interested readers with more details for further investigation. The authors have followed a multidisciplinary approach in the whole book which makes it beneficial for students who major in Environmental Earth Sciences, Geology, Geochemistry, Biogeochemistry and the associated fields. Besides, this book is of reference value for researchers and graduate students."--Armaghan Attar, International Journal of Environmental StudiesTable of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition xiii Chapter 1. Introduction to the Global Environment: The Water and Energy Cycles and Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation 1 Introduction 1 The Global Water Cycle 2 Major Water Masses 2 Fluxes between Reservoirs 2 Geographic Variations in Precipitation and Evaporation 4 The Energy Cycle 7 Introduction 7 Radiation and Energy Balance 7 Variations in Solar Radiation: The Atmospheric and Oceanic Heat Engine 11 Circulation of the Atmosphere 14 Oceanic Circulation 16 Introduction 16 Wind-Driven (Shallow) Circulation 17 Coastal Upwelling 19 Thermohaline (Deep) Circulation 19 Chapter 2. Air Chemistry: The Greenhouse Effect and the Ozone Hole 24 Atmospheric Gases 24 Carbon Dioxide 26 Present and Future CO2 and the Surficial Carbon Cycle 26 Past CO2 Levels 36 Other Greenhouse Gases: Methane, Nitrous Oxide 39 Other Greenhouse Gases: Halogens and Tropospheric Ozone 46 Radiative Forcing by Anthropogenic Factors 47 Climatic Effects of Radiative Forcing: Climate Sensitivity, Global Warming, and Hydrologic Changes 48 Observed Changes in Temperature and Atmospheric Circulation 50 Observed Changes in the Water Cycle: Water Vapor, Precipitation, Streamflow, and Storms 52 Observed Changes in Ice, Sea Level and the Oceans 54 Predictions for Future Climate Change 57 Aerosols 59 Aerosol Cloud Effects 60 Types of Aerosols 61 Gaseous Emissions 62 Sulfate Aerosols 62 Black Carbon Aerosols 63 Organic Carbon Aerosols 65 Biomass Burning Aerosols 65 Nitrate Aerosols 65 Mineral Dust Aerosols 66 Sea-Salt Aerosols 67 Surface Dimming by Aerosols 68 Aerosols and the Hydrologic Cycle 68 Black Carbon Aerosols and Snow Cover 69 Ozone and the Ozone Hole 69 Stratospheric Ozone: The Ozone Hole 70 Tropospheric Ozone: Air Pollution 76 Chapter 3. Air Chemistry: Rainwater, Acid Rain, and the Atmospheric Cycles of Sulfur and Nitrogen 79 Introduction 79 Formation of Rain (and Snow) 80 Water Vapor in the Atmosphere 80 Condensation 83 Sublimation 84 Rain (and Snow) Formation 84 Air Motion in Cloud Formation 85 Chemical Composition of Rainwater: General Characteristics 85 Cl-, Na+, Mg++, Ca++ and K+ in Rain 92 Gases and Rain 102 Sulfate in Rain: The Atmospheric Sulfur Cycle 102 Sea-Salt Sulfate 103 U.S. Sulfur Emissions 104 Conversion of Sulfur Dioxide to Sulfate in Rain 107 Biogenic Reduced Sulfur 108 Other Sulfur Sources: Biomass Burning, Volcanism, and Soil Dust 109 Sulfur Deposition on Land 110 Anthropogenic Sulfur Deposition in the United States 111 Atmospheric Sulfur Cycle: Human Perturbation 113 Radiative Forcing from Sulfate Aerosol 115 The Atmospheric Nitrogen Cycle and Nitrogen in Rain 116 N2, Nitrogen Fixation, Denitrification, and Total Nitrogen Fluxes 116 Nitrogen Cycle: Anthropogenic Changes and Climate 120 Atmospheric Nox and Nitrate in Rain 120 Nitrate in Rain: Anthropogenic Sources 123 Nitrate Deposition in Rain and the Nitrate-Nitrogen Cycle 126 Ammonium in Rain: Atmospheric Ammonium-Nitrogen Cycle 130 Ammonium in Rain 133 Reactive N Deposition 135 Acid Rain 137 The pH of Natural Rainwater 138 Acid Rain from Pollution 140 Acid Rain in Europe 141 Acid Rain in the United States from 1955 to 1985 142 Acid Deposition Changes in the United States from 1980 to 2007 144 Acid Rain in Other Parts of the World 145 Distinguishing Naturally Acid Rain from That Due to Pollution 146 Effects of Acid Rain 149 Chapter 4. Chemical Weathering: Minerals, Plants, and Water Chemistry 151 Introduction 151 Biogeochemical Cycling in Forests 153 Soil Water and Microorganisms: Acid Production 158 Chemical Weathering 159 Minerals Involved in Weathering 159 Silicate Weathering Reactions: Secondary Mineral Formation 162 Mechanism of Silicate Dissolution 168 Rate of Silicate Weathering 171 Silicate Weathering: Soil Formation 176 Carbonate Weathering 178 Sulfide Weathering 179 Groundwaters and Weathering 181 Garrels's Model for the Composition of Groundwaters from Igneous rocks 182 Chapter 5. Rivers 185 Introduction 185 Components of River Water 185 River Runoff 186 Major World Rivers 188 Suspended Matter in Rivers 190 Amount of Suspended Matter 190 Human Influence 195 Chemical Composition of Suspended Matter 198 Chemical Composition of Rivers 201 World Average River Water 201 Chemical Classification of Rivers 202 Relief and River-Water Composition 212 Major Dissolved Components of River Water 213 Chloride and Cyclic Salt 213 Sodium 216 Potassium 217 Calcium and Magnesium 219 Bicarbonate (HCO3) 220 Silica 222 Sulfate 227 Sulfate Pollution and Acidic Rivers 229 Organic Matter in Rivers: Organic Acidity 232 Organic Acid Rivers 236 Chemical and Total Denudation of the Continents as Deduced from River-Water Composition 237 Nutrients in River Water 241 Nitrogen in Rivers: The Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycle 242 Reactive Nitrogen Deposition and River Transport in the United States 249 Phosphorus In Rivers: The Terrestrial Phosphorus Cycle 250 Chapter 6. Lakes 257 Physical Processes in Lakes 257 Water Balance 257 Thermal Regimes and Lake Classification 259 Lake Models 264 Biological Processes in Lakes as They Affect Water Composition 269 Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Biological Cycling 269 Eutrophication 272 Limiting Nutrients 275 Sources of Phosphorus in Lakes 279 Pollutive Changes in Major Lakes: Potential Loading 285 Acid Lakes 287 Changes in Acid Lakes in the Northeastern and Upper Midwestern United States 291 Changes in Acid Lakes in Europe 292 Naturally Acid Lakes 293 Chemical Composition of Acid Lakes 294 Saline and Alkaline Lakes 298 Chapter 7. Marginal Marine Environments: Estuaries 303 Introduction 303 Estuaries: Circulation and Classification 303 The Black Sea 307 Estuarine Chemistry: Conservative vs Nonconservative Mixing 308 Estuarine Chemical Processes 311 Inorganic (Nonbiogenic) Removal in Estuaries 311 Biogenic Nutrients in Estuaries 314 Limiting Nutrients: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Silica 317 Eutrophication from Nutrient Pollution of Estuaries 321 Coastal Hypoxia from Nutrient Loading and Eutrophication 324 Harmful Algal Blooms and Eutrophication 329 Suspended Sediment Deposition in Marginal Marine Environments 330 Antiestuaries and Evaporite Deposition 335 Chapter 8. The Oceans 339 Introduction 339 Chemical Composition of Seawater 339 pH and the Human Acidification of the Oceans 343 Modeling Seawater Composition 344 Sillen's Equilibrium Model 344 Oceanic Box Models 345 Continuum Models 347 Energy Sources for Chemical Reactions 347 Major Processes of Seawater Modification 348 Biological Processes 349 Volcanic-Seawater Reaction 360 Interaction with Detrital Solids 365 Chemical Budgets for Individual Elements 369 Summary of Processes 369 Chloride 370 Sodium 371 Sulfur 372 Magnesium 374 Potassium 375 Calcium 376 Bicarbonate 381 Silica 382 Phosphorus 384 Nitrogen 386 References 389 Index 435
£73.60
John Wiley & Sons Inc Hydrogeochemistry Fundamentals and Advances
Book SynopsisWater is the Earth''s most precious resource. Until recent years, water was often overlooked as being overly abundant or available, but much has changed all over the world. As climate change, human encroachment on environmental areas, and deforestation become greater dangers, the study of groundwater has become more important than ever and is growing as one of the most important areas of science for the future of life on Earth. This three-volume set is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of hydrogeochemistry that is available. The first volume lays the foundation of the composition, chemistry, and testing of groundwater, while volume two covers practical applications such as mass transfer and transport. Volume three, which completes the set, is an advanced study of the environmental analysis of groundwater and its implications for the future. This first volume in the set is an important milestone in hydrogeochemistry, covering the fundamentals of groundwateTable of ContentsPreface xv Introduction 1 1 Analytical Composition and Properties of Ground Water 19 1.1 Moisture 21 1.2 Mineral Components 29 1.2.1 Testing and Preparation 30 1.2.2 Chemical Analysis 34 1.2.3 Processing of Analysis Results 35 1.3 Gas Components 41 1.3.1 Testing and Preparation 43 1.3.2 Analysis of the Natural Gas Composition 49 1.3.3 Conversions of Gas Analysis Results 52 1.4 Organic Components 56 1.4.1 Testing and Preparation 60 1.4.2 Analysis of Organic Substance 68 1.4.2.1 General Content of Organic Matter 68 1.4.2.2 Content of Organic Component Groups 70 1.4.2.3 Content of Individual Organic Components 74 1.4.3 Conversion of Analysis Results 74 1.5 Substances in the Dispersed State 76 1.5.1 Inert Suspended Particles 78 1.5.1.1 Methods of Study 79 1.5.2 Living Organisms 80 1.5.2.1 Pathogen Microorganisms 81 1.5.2.2 Biochemical Microorganisms 86 1.5.2.3 Methods of Study 86 1.6 Properties of Ground Water 89 1.6.1 Organoleptic and Balneological Properties 90 1.6.2 Chemical Properties 96 1.6.3 Physical Properties 113 2 Hydrogeochemical Testing 125 2.1 Assignment and Purpose of Hydrogeochemical Testing 126 2.1.1 Regime and Scope of Testing 127 2.1.2 Measured Parameters and Their Errors 128 2.2 Logistics of Field Testing 131 2.2.1 Natural Conditions and Previous Studies of the Area 132 2.2.2 Planning the Testing Regime and Points 133 2.2.3 Preparation of Wells and Equipment 138 2.2.4 Preparation of Analytical Base 148 2.2.4.1 Selection of Property and Composition Parameters 150 2.2.4.2 Substantiation of Margin of Error Measurements 151 2.2.4.3 Selection of Chemical Analysis Technique 164 2.2.4.4 Selection of a Laboratory and Executants 197 2.2.5 Field Testing Protocol 202 2.2.6 Sample Safekeeping and Delivery to the Laboratory 212 3 Processing of Testing Results 215 3.1 Processing and Systematization of Observed Values 216 3.1.1 Checking the Observed Values 216 3.1.2 Systematizing the Observed Values 219 3.1.3 Control of Measurement Quality 222 3.1.3.1 Sensitivity of Testing Techniques 224 3.1.3.2 Precision of Testing Results 225 3.1.3.3 Testing Correctness of the Results 228 3.1.3.4 Systematic Error of the Testing Results 229 3.1.3.5 Testing Results’ Accuracy 231 3.1.4 Measurements Results and Their Reliability 232 3.1.4.1 Mathematical Expectation 232 3.1.4.2 Confidence Interval 233 3.2 Modeling of the Hydrogeochemical Condition 237 3.2.1 Empirical–statistical Modeling 238 3.2.1.1 Anomalies and Background 238 3.2.1.2 Water Distinction in Quality Parameters 240 3.2.1.3 Search for the Factors 244 3.2.2 Space–time Modeling 247 3.2.2.1 Autocorrelation Metamodels 249 3.2.2.2 Semivariance Metamodels 254 3.3 Classification and Visualization of Hydrogeochemical Parameters 261 3.3.1 Chemical Classification of Ground Waters 262 3.3.2 Graphic Imaging of the Water Composition 269 3.3.3 Graphic Comparison of Different Composition Waters 272 3.3.4 Hydrogeochemical Maps and Cross–sections 276 3.3.4.1 Making Hydrogeochemical Maps 278 3.3.4.2 Generating Hydrogeochemical Cross–sections 288 Symbols 291 References 297 Index 301
£160.50
John Wiley & Sons Inc Hydrogeochemistry Fundamentals and Advances Mass
Book SynopsisWater is the Earth''s most precious resource. Until recent years, water was often overlooked as being overly abundant or available, but much has changed all over the world. As climate change, human encroachment on environmental areas, and deforestation become greater dangers, the study of groundwater has become more important than ever and is growing as one of the most important areas of science for the future of life on Earth. This three-volume set is the most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of hydrogeochemistry that is available. The first volume lays the foundation of the composition, chemistry, and testing of groundwater, while volume two covers practical applications such as mass transfer and transport. Volume three, which completes the set, is an advanced study of the environmental analysis of groundwater and its implications for the future. This third volume focuses more deeply on the analysis of groundwater and the practical applications of these analyseTable of ContentsAbstract xi Preface xiii Spontaneous Processes and Mineral Equilibrium xv 1 Chemical Reactions 1 1.1 Real Water Solution 2 1.1.1 Properties of Water Solution 3 1.1.2 Composition of Water Solution 7 1.1.3 Structure of the Water Solution 13 1.1.4 Basis Components of a Solution 18 1.2 Spontaneous Processes 21 1.2.1 Energy of Spontaneous Processes 25 1.2.2 Direction of the Spontaneous Processes 27 1.2.3 Chemical Potential 28 1.2.4 Thermodynamical Concentration 32 1.2.4.1 Activities in Ideal Solutions 33 1.2.4.2 Activities in Real Solutions 37 1.3 Chemical Reactions 48 1.3.1 Restrictions of Spontaneous Reactions 49 1.3.2 Law of Mass Action 52 1.3.3 Equilibrium Constants of Reactions 55 1.3.4 Direction of Reactions 61 1.3.5 Reaction Rate 65 1.3.5.1 Elementary Reactions 66 1.3.5.2 Complex Reactions 72 1.3.6 Dependent and Independent Reactions 77 2 Hydrogeochemical Processes 81 2.1 Homogenous Processes 82 2.1.1 Electron Exchange 82 2.1.1.1 The Mechanism of Redox Processes 84 2.1.1.2 Oxidation Potential 88 2.1.1.3 Determination of Oxidation Potential 91 2.1.1.4 Oxygen Fugacity 97 2.1.2 Proton Exchange 98 2.1.2.1 Mechanism of Acid-based Reactions 99 2.1.2.2 Hydrogen Parameter 100 2.1.2.3 Buffer Systems 103 2.1.2.4 Determination of Solution’s pH 105 2.1.3 Complexation 107 2.1.3.1 Mechanism of Complexation 108 2.1.3.2 Stability of Complex Formations 115 2.1.3.3 Complexation Function 119 2.1.4 Real Composition of Water 125 2.1.4.1 Rates of Homogenous Processes 126 2.1.4.2 Ionic Equilibrium in the Solution 127 2.1.4.3 Models of Water Solution’s Composition 130 2.2 Heterogeneous Processes 134 2.2.1 Phase Rules 136 2.2.2 Mass Transfer by Mineral Components 140 2.2.2.1 Mineral-salt Complex of Rocks 142 2.2.2.2 Adsorption and Desorption 146 2.2.2.3 Ion Exchange 161 2.2.2.4 Surface Complexation 187 2.2.2.5 Adsorption and Desorption Rate 201 2.2.2.6 Dissolution and Minerogenesis 207 2.2.3 Mass Transfer of Nonpolar Components 304 2.2.3.1 Mass Transfer with Underground Gas 312 2.2.3.2 Mass Transfer with Nonpolar Substances 325 2.2.3.3 Distribution of Nonpolar Components 341 2.2.4 Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Processes 343 2.3 Bio-geochemical Processes 347 2.3.1 Biogeochemical Cycle 348 2.3.2 Niches of the Detrital Trophic Chain 354 2.3.3 Biodegradation of Organic Matter 370 2.2.3.1 Reactions of Biodegradation 372 2.3.3.2 Digestion 377 2.3.4 Rates of Biochemical Processes 383 2.3.5 Redox Geochemical Zoning 392 2.4 Isotopic Processes 399 2.4.1 Radioactive Decay 400 2.4.1.1 Primordial Radionuclides 400 2.4.1.2 Cosmogenic Radionuclides 403 2.4.2 Balanced Fractionating 407 2.4.3 Isotopic Mixing 414 2.4.4 Ground Water Chronometry 416 3 Migration of Elements 421 3.1 Migration forms 422 3.1.1 Subsurface Transporters 423 3.1.2 Aquaphiles 426 3.1.2.1 Estimates of Migration Capability 427 3.1.2.2 Properties of Aquaphilic Migration Forms 451 3.1.3 Organophiles 480 3.1.3.1 Amphiphilic Organophiles 481 3.1.3.2 Nonpolar Organophiles 486 3.1.4 Gasophiles 487 3.2 Mixing and Mass Transport 494 3.2.1 Hydrodynamic Dispersion 496 3.2.1.1 Diffusion Mixing 496 3.2.1.2 Advective Mixing 502 3.2.1.3 Dynamic Dispersivity and Methods of its Determination 505 3.2.2 Advection-dispersion Mass Transport 510 3.2.2.1 Equation of Advection-dispersion Mass Transport 511 3.2.2.2 Analytical Solution of Mass Transport Equations 513 4 Hydrogeochemical Forecasting 541 4.1 Methods of Forecasting 541 4.2 Model Forecasting Method 545 4.2.1 Problem Identification 547 4.2.2 Construction of Mathematical Models 548 4.2.2.1 Types of Hydrogeochemical Models 550 4.2.2.2 Selection of a Computation Process 559 4.2.2.3 Input Data 565 4.2.2.4 Selection of the Program Software 569 4.2.3 Reliability of Model Forecasting Results 570 Symbols 581 References 593 Normative Publications 608 Appendices 609 I Thermodynamic Properties of Mineral Forms of Migration 609 II The Partition Coefficients of the Gas Components 609 III Physical and Chemical Properties of Organic Compounds 609 APPENDIX I Thermodynamic Properties of Mineral Forms of Migration 611 A. Cation Generating Elements 611 B. Complex Generating Elements 627 C. Ligand Generating Elements 668 D. Salt and Minerals 677 APPENDIX II The Partition Coefficients of the Gas Components 685 А. Underground Gases of Methane Composition 685 B. Underground Gases of Nitrogen Composition 695 C. Underground Gases of Carbon dioxide Composition 697 APPENDIX III Physical and Chemical Properties of Organic Compounds. 698 A. Physical and Chemical Properties of Organic Carbon Compounds 698 B. Physical and Chemical Properties of Pesticides 709 Index 715
£170.96
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Computer Processing of RemotelySensed Images
Book SynopsisComputer Processing of Remotely-Sensed Images A thorough introduction to computer processing of remotely-sensed images, processing methods, and applications Remote sensing is a crucial form of measurement that allows for the gauging of an object or space without direct physical contact, allowing for the assessment and recording of a target under conditions which would normally render access difficult or impossible. This is done through the analysis and interpretation of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that is reflected or emitted by an object, surveyed and recorded by an observer or instrument that is not in contact with the target. This methodology is particularly of importance in Earth observation by remote sensing, wherein airborne or satellite-borne instruments of EMR provide data on the planet's land, seas, ice, and atmosphere. This permits scientists to establish relationships between the measurements and the nature and distribution of phenomena on the Earth'Table of ContentsPreface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Fourth Edition Preface to the Fifth Edition List of Examples Chapter 1: Remote Sensing: Basic Principles 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Electromagnetic radiation and its properties 1.2.1 Terminology 1.2.2 Nature of electromagnetic radiation 1.2.3 The electromagnetic spectrum 1.2.4 Sources of electromagnetic radiation 1.2.5 Interactions with the Earth's atmosphere 1.3 Interaction with Earth surface materials 1.3.1 Introduction 1.3.2 Spectral reflectance of Earth surface materials 1.3.2.1 Vegetation 1.3.2.2 Geology 1.3.2.3 Water bodies 1.3.2.4 Soils 1.4 Summary References Chapter 2: Remote Sensing Platforms and Sensors 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Characteristics of imaging remote sensing instruments 2.2.1 Spatial resolution 2.2.2 Spectral resolution 2.2.3 Radiometric resolution 2.3 Optical, near-infrared and thermal imaging sensors 2.3.1 Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) 2.3.2 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) 2.3.3 MODIS (MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) 2.3.4 Ocean observing instruments 2.3.5 IRS LISS 2.3.6 Landsat instruments 2.3.6.1 Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) 2.3.6.2 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) 2.3.6.3 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 2.3.6.4 Landsat 8 2.3.6.5 Landsat 9 2.3.6.6 Landsat Next 2.3.7 SPOT sensors 2.3.7.1 SPOT High Resolution Visible (HRV) 2.3.7.2 Vegetation (VGT) 2.3.7.3 SPOT Follow-on Programme 2.3.8 Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) 2.3.9ESA Sentinel Programme 2.3.9.1 Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) 2.3.9.2 Sentinel-3 OLCI and SLSTR 2.3.10 High-resolution commercial and small satellite systems 2.4 Microwave imaging sensors 2.4.1. European Space Agency Synthetic Aperture Spaceborne Radars 2.4.2 Radarsat 2.4.3 TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed 2.4.3 ALOS PALSAR 2.4.4 Sentinel-1 SAR 2.5 Summary References Chapter 3: Pre-Processing of Remotely Sensed Data 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Cosmetic operations 3.2.1 Missing scan lines 3.2.2 De-striping methods 3.2.2.1 Linear method 3.2.2.2 Histogram matching 3.2.2.3 Other de-striping methods 3.3 Geometric correction and registration 3.3.1 Orbital geometry model 3.3.2 Transformation based on ground control points 3.3.3 Resampling procedures 3.3.4 Image registration 3.3.5 Other geometric correction methods 3.4 Atmospheric correction 3.4.1 Background 3.4.2 Image-based methods 3.4.3 Radiative transfer models 3.4.4 Empirical line method 3.5 Illumination and view angle effects 3.6 Sensor calibration 3.7 Terrain effects 3.8 Summary References Chapter 4: Image Enhancement Techniques 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Human visual system 4.3 Contrast enhancement 4.3.1 Linear contrast stretch 4.3.2 Histogram equalisation 4.3.3 Gaussian stretch 4.4 Pseudocolour enhancement 4.4.1 Density slicing 4.4.2 Pseudocolour transform 4.5 Summary References Chapter 5: Image Transforms 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Arithmetic operations 5.2.1 Image addition 5.2.2 Image subtraction 5.2.3 Image multiplication 5.2.4 Image division and vegetation indices 5.3 Empirically based image transforms 5.3.1 Perpendicular Vegetation Index 5.3.2 Tasselled Cap (Kauth-Thomas) transformation 5.4 Principal Components Analysis 5.4.1 Standard Principal Components Analysis 5.4.2 Noise-adjusted Principal Components Analysis 5.4.3 Decorrelation stretch 5.5 Hue, Saturation and Intensity (HSI) transform 5.6 The Discrete Fourier Transform 5.6.1 Introduction 5.6.2 Two-dimensional Fourier transform 5.6.3 Applications of the Fourier transform 5.7 The Discrete Wavelet Transform 5.7.1 Introduction 5.7.2 The one-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform 5.7.3 The two-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform 5.8 Change Detection 5.8.1 Introduction 5.8.2 NDVI Difference Image 5.8.3 Principal Components Analysis 5.8.4 Canonical Correlation Change Analysis 5.8.5 Time Series Analysis 5.8.6 Summary 5.9 Image fusion 5.9.1 Introduction 5.9.2 Hue, Saturation and Intensity (HSI) algorithm. 5.9.3 Principal Components Analysis 5.9.4 Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation 5.9.5 Wavelet based methods 5.9.6 Evaluation – Subjective methods 5.9.7 Evaluation – Objective methods 5.10 Summary References Chapter 6: Filtering Techniques 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Spatial domain low-pass (smoothing) filters 6.2.1 Moving average filter 6.2.2 Median filter 6.2.3 Adaptive filters 6.3 Spatial domain high-pass (sharpening) filters 6.3.1 Image subtraction method 6.3.2 Derivative-based methods 6.4 Spatial domain edge detectors 6.5 Frequency domain filters 6.6 Summary References Chapter 7: Classification 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Geometrical basis of classification 7.3 Unsupervised classification 7.3.1 The k-means algorithm 7.3.2 ISODATA 7.3.3 A modified k-means algorithm 7.4 Supervised classification 7.4.1 Training samples 7.4.2 Statistical classifiers 7.4.2.1 Parallelepiped classifier 7.4.2.2 Centroid (k-means) classifier 7.4.2.3 Maximum likelihood method 7.4.3 Neural classifiers 7.5 Sub-pixel classification techniques 7.5.1 The linear mixture model 7.5.2 Spectral Angle Mapping 7.5.3 Independent Components Analysis 7.5.4 Fuzzy classifiers 7.6 More advanced approaches to image classification 7.6.1 Support Vector Machines 7.6.2 Decision tree classifiers 7.6.3 Other approaches to classification 7.6.3.1Rule based methods and the Genetic Algorithm 7.6.3.2Object-oriented methods 7.6.3.3Other methods 7.6.3.3.1Evidential Reasoning 7.6.3.3.2Bagging, boosting and ensembles of classifiers 7.7 Incorporation of non-spectral features 7.7.1 Texture 7.7.2 Use of external data 7.8 Contextual information 7.9 Feature selection 7.10 Classification accuracy 7.11 Summary References Chapter 8 Advanced Topics 8.1 Introduction 8.2 SAR interferometry 8.2.1 Basic principles 8.2.2 Interferometric processing 8.2.3 Problems in SAR interferometry 8.2.4 Applications of SAR interferometry 8.3 Imaging spectroscopy 8.3.1 Introduction 8.3.2 Processing imaging spectrometer data 8.3.2.1 Derivative analysis 8.3.2.2 Smoothing and denoising the reflectance spectrum 8.3.2.2.1 Savitzky-Golay polynomial smoothing 8.3.2.2.2 Denoising using the Discrete Wavelet Transform 8.3.2.3 Determination of ‘red edge’ characteristics of vegetation 8.3.2.4 Continuum removal 8.4 Lidar 8.4.1 Introduction 8.4.2 Lidar details 8.4.3 Lidar applications 8.5 Summary References Appendix A Index
£80.70
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Recent Advances in Dam Engineering
Book SynopsisThis book discusses recent developments in dam engineering, covering theoretical as well as practical aspects. The chapters provide detailed descriptions of the types, surveys and investigations, layouts, design, thermal stresses and foundation of dams. The differences between various theories/methods of analysis used in design and their practical application and limitations are clarified.The book focuses on earth fills and landfills and stresses the importance of the foundation treatment. Failure of embankment dams is discussed particularly in the planning and construction stages of the dam. The environmental impact of dams is treated with references to river diversions and reservoir sedimentation. The book is written as a reference book for professional engineers and is also suitable for post graduate courses.Table of Contents Introduction Concrete Dams Concrete Gravity Dams Roller Compacted Concrete Dams Embankment Dams Earthfill Dams Rockfill Dams Failure of Embankment Dams Foundation Treatment of Dams River Diversion Hill Slope Stabilization at Dam and Power Projects in the Himalayas Reservoir Sedimentation Instrumentation Construction Aspects of Dams Dams and Environmental Issues Dam Safety
£98.99
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Advances in Transportation Geotechnics IV:
Book SynopsisThis volume presents selected papers presented during the 4th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG). The papers address the geotechnical challenges in design, construction, maintenance, monitoring, and upgrading of roads, railways, airfields, and harbor facilities and other ground transportation infrastructure with the goal of providing safe, economic, environmental, reliable and sustainable infrastructures. This volume will be of interest to postgraduate students, academics, researchers, and consultants working in the field of civil and transport infrastructure. Table of ContentsChapter 1: A Conceptual System Dynamics Framework to Evaluate Performance of Pavement Foundations under Moisture Hysteresis.- Chapter 2: Dynamic response of a beam on a layered half-space with a poroelastic interlayer subjected to moving loads.- Chapter 3: Modification of Japanese pavement fatigue life criteria by considering climate effect in cold regions.- Chapter 4: Influence of braking on the pavement shakedown limits.- Chapter 5: Physical modeling of stress propagation in railway pavement with LWD.- Chapter 6: Verification of the structural design parameters for unbound layers of Finnish road structures.- Chapter 7: FreeHyTE: a hybrid-Trefftz finite element platform for poroelastodynamic problems.- Chapter 8: A Mechanistic-Based Analysis Procedure for Designing Geosynthetic Reinforcement in Pavement Systems.- Chapter 9: Geotechnical characterization of a low volume traffic road.- Chapter 10: Development of Prediction Models for Mechanistic Parameters of Granular Roads Using Combined Non-Destructive Tests.- Chapter 11: Influence of Foundation Layer Properties in a Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavement System Subjected to Heavy Vehicle Loads.- Chapter 12: R-Value and Resilient Modulus Prediction Models Based on Soil Index Properties for Colorado Soils.- Chapter 13:Performance Evaluation of Flexible Pavements with Asphalt-treated Base Courses.
£427.49
