Genocide and ethnic cleansing Books

Book Synopsis Why was there such a far-reaching consensus concerning the utopian goal of national homogeneity in the first half of the twentieth century? Ethnic cleansing is analyzed here as a result of the formation of democratic nation-states, the international order based on them, and European modernity in general. Almost all mass-scale population removals were rationally and precisely organized and carried out in cold blood, with revenge, hatred and other strong emotions playing only a minor role. This book not only considers the majority of population removals which occurred in Eastern Europe, but is also an encompassing, comparative study including Western Europe, interrogating the motivations of Western statesmen and their involvement in large-scale population removals. It also reaches beyond the European continent and considers the reverberations of colonial rule and ethnic cleansing in the former British colonies.Trade Review “This instructive text offers a useful analysis of ethnic cleansing that drills into acts often conflated with genocide… Neatly written in a case study style, the chapters help readers understand the complex interplay of cultural bias and the politics of nation-states… The annotated bibliography that concludes the text is excellent, providing a range of sources that touch on country-specific literature and collective memory. This well-researched text will empower readers to carefully consider the intersections and differences between ethnic cleansing and genocide. – Highly Recommended.” • Choice “Throughout his analysis, the author pays special attention to the ways in which international treaties have facilitated or halted ethnic cleansing in modern Europe and beyond…This emphasis makes Philipp Ther’s sophisticated book a valuable contribution not just to the field of ethnic cleansing and genocide studies but also to the field of twentieth-century international history.” • European History Quarterly “This is a very fine book worthy of wide scholarly attention. Unlike most other scholars, who see genocide and ethnic cleansing as closely interrelated, Philipp Ther emphasizes the differences between them… I admire its clarity and succinctness and the mastery of a vast material demonstrated by its author. His erudition and courage let him make new and surprising connections and offer truly illuminating insights.” • Slavic Review “…an interesting and thorough contribution to the literature on ethnic cleansing. It will undoubtedly create a lively discussion and, hopefully, further research on the role of international principles and actors in the process that leads to ethnic cleansing.” • CritCom – Council for European Studies “Philipp Ther's newest contribution to the burgeoning literature on ethnic cleansing, forced deportation, and population transfer in the Twentieth Century is admirable in a number of ways. [It] is a genuinely comprehensive treatment of one of the most central problems of modern European history.” • Norman Naimark, H-Soz-u-Kult “His synthesis is especially innovative in assessing the role of nationalism, pointing out the influence of writers, colonialism and of the idea of the national state…Ther provides a highly informative synthesis that both summarizes existing research and contributes a thought-provoking interpretation.” • American Historical Review “A groundbreaking study…based on an impressive amount of facts and balances… This analytically dense, well-written book is highly recommended for a broad audience.” • Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung “Throughout his book, Ther develops a brilliant conceptual history (Begriffsgeschichte) of ‘ethnic cleansing’ and other crucial semantics, such as the extremely negatively connoted notion of ‘minority’ in the history of modern nation-states. His multilayered history of concepts also demonstrates his impressive language skills, proof of which is found in the annotated bibliography at the end of the book. He is also able to take up the challenging task of writing about an entire century and a wide range of different types of ‘ethnic cleansings’…Moreover, he has excellent knowledge of the voluminous literature about the various cases of ethnic cleansing in twentieth century Europe.” • Journal of Genocide ResearchTable of Contents Introduction PART I: SETTING THE GROUND Chapter 1. Preconditions of Ethnic Cleansing PART II: PHASES AND AGENTS OF ETHNIC CLEANSING Chapter 2. Ethnic Cleansing as an Instrument of International Politics (1912-25) Chapter 3. Total War and Total Cleansings (1938-44) Chapter 4. A Clean New Order in Europe (1944-50) PART III: GHOSTS OF THE PAST Chapter 5. The former Yugoslavia and the Caucasus (1991-99) Conclusion and Historical Typology Acknowledgments Annotated Bibliography

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Book Synopsis Pertinent to contemporary demands for reparations from Turkey is the relationship between law and property in connection with the Armenian Genocide. This book examines the confiscation of Armenian properties during the genocide and subsequent attempts to retain seized Armenian wealth. Through the close analysis of laws and treaties, it reveals that decrees issued during the genocide constitute central pillars of the Turkish system of property rights, retaining their legal validity, and although Turkey has acceded through international agreements to return Armenian properties, it continues to refuse to do so. The book demonstrates that genocides do not depend on the abolition of the legal system and elimination of rights, but that, on the contrary, the perpetrators of genocide manipulate the legal system to facilitate their plans.Trade Review “This book is a valuable addition to filling the gaps of our understanding of genocide and helps readers navigate complex terrain in the case study presented… I recommend this book as a case study to be included in graduate level courses. In addition to its thorough review of the questionable statecraft of genocidal states, it is a reminder of the merits of engaged scholarship. Akçam and Kurt, by sharing their research as an act of solidarity with citizens who continue to challenge state restraints and master narratives based on genocide, make a contribution to the ongoing process of crafting a just society.” • Histoire Sociale/Social History “[This volume] will make an invaluable contribution to the field of genocide studies. It is meticulously researched and features superb attention to detail.” • Deborah Mayersen, University of Wollongong “Akçam and Kurt have written a fundamentally important book... We know that genocides are accompanied by the expropriation of the assets possessed by the targeted population… But nothing like that has been done for the Armenian Genocide—until now.” • Eric Weitz, CUNY City CollegeTable of Contents Introduction Chapter 1. The Laws and Decrees of the Committee of Union and Progress Period The Decrees and Regulations of 17, 30 and 31 May 1915 The Regulation of 10 June 1915 The Temporary Law of 26 September 1915 and the Regulation of 8 November 1915 A Brief Evaluation Chapter 2. The Armistice Period and the Returning Armenians The First Ones Returning from Deportation 12 January 1920: The Ittihadist Laws Are Annulled A Brief Evaluation The Treaty of Sèvres of 10 August 1920 The Prohibition against the Return of Greeks and Armenians Staying Outside of Turkey The Articles of Law Used to Prevent Their Return Policies to Obstruct Repatriation The Prohibition of Domestic Travel and Migration A Brief Evaluation Chapter 3. The Turkish Republic Prior to Lausanne The First Laws and Regulations of the Turkish Grand National Assembly The 20 April 1922 Abandoned Properties Law The Regulations of November to December 1922 Regulations Relevant to Istanbul The 14 September 1922 “Abrogation of the Property Regulation” Why Was There a Return to the Ittihadist Laws of the Genocide? The Plunder of Izmir and the Independence Tribunals Return to the Ittihadist Mentality: The 15 April Law and 29 April Regulation of 1923 A Brief Evaluation Abandoned Properties and National Tax Obligations (Tekalif-i Milliye) Chapter 4. The Treaty of Lausanne: A Turning Point The Abandoned Properties Question in the Negotiations and Treaty Mass and Individual Repatriations and the Armenian Homeland A Plan to Expel the Armenian Population The Question of the Belongings Which Were Left Behind The Amnesty: Draft Proposal and Final Form The Lausanne Regulations: The Question of Nationality The Lausanne Regulations: Property, Rights and Interests, or, The Issue of Compensation A Brief Evaluation of Lausanne Chapter 5. After Lausanne: The Armenians Remaining Outside of Turkey The Treaties of Alexandrapol (Gyumri), Kars and Moscow Turkey-France: A Pair of Treaties The 25 October 1934 Turkey-US Compensation Treaty An Interim Note on the US Compensation Treaty The International Commission and Mixed Arbitral Tribunals Chapter 6. Turkey after Lausanne: Virtually Raising a Wall around Its Borders Like a Fortress Armerican Armenians Are Not Permitted to Enter Turkey The Return of the Armenians: A Question of the Honor and Pride of the State “To Allow Their Return…Means to Waste the Blood We Spilled” The Legal Vacuum Created by Lausanne on Repatriation The Travel Regulation: Bans on Entry into the Country and Domestic Travel Prohibitions on Domestic Travel Passport Laws Chapter 7. Domestic Legal Regulations During the Republican Period The First Adjustments The 13 June 1926 Regulation 1928: The Distribution of Title Deeds and the Transfer of Revenue to the Treasury Begin The 22 April 1963 Constitutional Court Decision The Citizenship Laws of 1928 and 1964 Those Removed from Citizenship and the Liquidation of Their Properties The Abandoned Properties Laws and the Present Situation The 1983 and 2001 Circulars of the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadaster Profound Fear: Title Deed Registries Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis European colonial conquest included many instances of indigenous peoples being exterminated. Cases where invading commercial stock farmers clashed with hunter-gatherers were particularly destructive, often resulting in a degree of dispossession and slaughter that destroyed the ability of these societies to reproduce themselves. The experience of aboriginal peoples in the settler colonies of southern Africa, Australia, North America, and Latin America bears this out. The frequency with which encounters of this kind resulted in the annihilation of forager societies raises the question of whether these conflicts were inherently genocidal, an issue not yet addressed by scholars in a systematic way.Trade Review “This volume adds value not only to our knowledge of (often, but by no means always) genocidal practices in encounters between early settler colonialism and local hunter-gatherer communities. It also offers striking new aspects in the analysis of the settler communities and their motives. The comparison from global perspectives thereby allows lessons to be drawn that are not necessarily as obvious as they would have been had the studies been confined to a specific region. Further studies on settler colonialism and local interaction – as well as the studies on forms and practices of genocide – will greatly benefit from the insights presented in this publication.” • Africa Spectrum “By highlighting the destructive impact of commercial stock farming and its connection to international markets, Genocide on Settler Frontiers draws attention to a neglected yet crucial element in the fatal nexus between colonialism and genocide. Covering cases in Africa, Australia, and North America, this is an original and much-needed comparative volume.” • A. Dirk Moses, European University Institute, Florence “This collection brings cutting-edge research into the history of genocidal situations in southern Africa, Australia, and North America by younger as well as established scholars, illuminating the history of not only modernity but also world history.” • John Docker, University of Sydney “The book is on the cutting edge of scholarship on settler genocide. The focus on the conflict between hunter-gatherers and commercial stock farmers advances our understanding of these murderous conflicts.” • Norman Naimark, Stanford UniversityTable of Contents Acknowledgements Notes on the Contributors Chapter 1. ‘We are Determined to Exterminate Them’: The Genocidal Impetus Behind Commercial Stock Farmer Invasions of Hunter-Gatherer Territories Mohamed Adhikari Chapter 2. ‘The Bushman is a Wild Animal to be Shot at Sight’: Annihilation of the Cape Colony’s Foraging Societies by Stock-Farming Settlers in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries Mohamed Adhikari Chapter 3. ‘Like a Wild Beast, He Can be Got for the Catching’: Child Forced Labour and the ‘Taming’ of the San along the Cape’s North-Eastern Frontier, c.1806–1830 Jared McDonald Chapter 4. ‘We Exterminated Them, and Dr. Philip Gave the Country’: The Griqua People and the Elimination of San from South Africa’s Transorangia Region Edward Cavanagh Chapter 5. Vogelfrei and Besitzlos, with no Concept of Property: Divergent Settler Responses to Bushmen and Damara in German South West Africa Robert Gordon Chapter 6. Why Racial Paternalism and not Genocide? The Case of the Ghanzi Bushmen of Bechuanaland Mathias Guenther Chapter 7. The Destruction of Hunter-Gatherer Societies on the Pastoralist Frontier: The Cape and Australia Compared Nigel Penn Chapter 8. ‘No Right to the Land’: The Role of the Wool Industry in the Destruction of Aboriginal Societies in Tasmania (1817–1832) and Victoria (1835–1851) Compared Lyndall Ryan Chapter 9. Indigenous Dispossession and Pastoral Employment in Western Australia during the Nineteenth Century: Implications for Understanding Colonial Forms of Genocide Ann Curthoys Chapter 10. ‘A Fierce and Irresistible Cavalry’: Pastoralists, Homesteaders and Hunters on the American Plains Frontier Tony Barta Chapter 11. Dispossession, Ecocide, Genocide: Cattle Ranching and Agriculture in the Destruction of Hunting Cultures on the Canadian Prairies Sidney L. Harring Chapter 12. Seeing Receding Hunter-Gatherers and Advancing Commercial Pastoralists: ‘Nomadisation’, Transfer, Genocide Lorenzo Veracini Select Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis Massacres and mass killings have always marked if not shaped the history of the world and as such are subjects of increasing interest among historians. The premise underlying this collection is that massacres were an integral, if not accepted part (until quite recently) of warfare, and that they were often fundamental to the colonizing process in the early modern and modern worlds. Making a deliberate distinction between ‘massacre’ and ‘genocide’, the editors call for an entirely separate and new subject under the rubric of ‘Massacre Studies’, dealing with mass killings that are not genocidal in intent. This volume offers a reflection on the nature of mass killings and extreme violence across regions and across centuries, and brings together a wide range of approaches and case studies.Trade Review “Making a distinction between ‘massacre’ and ‘genocide,’ the editors strive to launch a new field of ‘massacre studies,’ focusing on mass killings that are not genocidal in intent. The book should be added to any library collecting in the field of mass violence studies.” · Choice “Students of world history need to understand that history does not exist in a concrete and established form but rather continues to be shaped by—and to shape, in turn—present prejudices and policies. Theatres of Violence, by tackling a selection of emotionally charged and highly contested events, illustrates that dynamic at work throughout history, and so it proves an important contribution to both the study of violence specifically and to world history in general.” · Middle Ground Journal “…an admirable and varied collection of 20 chapters on the phenomenon of massacre… The density of the volume is such that this review cannot do full justice to the quality of the contributions.” · European History Quarterly "...{A] milestone on the path toward a more sophisticated analysis of a key feature of human cruelty…[This volume’s] goal is exploration and inspiration of further research in, and discussion of, the history of massacres…[It] does an excellent job in doing exactly this, and I am sure it will serve for a long time as a major reference book in the broader field of mass violence studies." · Thomas Kühne, Strassler Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies, Clark UniversityTable of Contents List of Tables, Illustrations, and Maps Acknowledgements Introduction: The Massacre and History Philip Dwyer and Lyndall Ryan PART I: MASSACRE AND ATROCITY IN THE ANCIENT AND PRE-MODERN ERAS Chapter 1. The Origins of Massacres John Docker Chapter 2. Massacres in the Peloponnesian War Brian Bosworth Chapter 3. “The Abominable Quibble”: Alexander’s Massacre of Indian Mercenaries at Massaga Elizabeth Baynham Chapter 4. The Roman Concept of Massacre: Julius Caesar in Gaul Jane Bellemore Chapter 5. Atrocity and Massacre in the High and Late Middle-Ages Laurence W. Marvin Chapter 6. A Sea of Blood? Massacres during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, 1641–53 Inga Jones PART II: THE COLONIAL FRONTIER Chapter 7. Looking the Other Way: The Gnadenhutten Massacre and the Contextual Interpretation of Violence Rob Harper Chapter 8. Settler Massacres on the Australian Colonial Frontier, 1836-1851 Lyndall Ryan Chapter 9. Tactics of Nineteenth Century Colonial Massacre: Tasmania, California and Beyond Benjamin Madley Chapter 10. A Blueprint for Massacre: The United States Army and the 1870 Blackfeet Massacre Blanca Tovías de Plaisted Chapter 11. When Massacre Appears: Representations of Australian Indigenous Massacres in Fiction Katrina Schlunke PART III: CONTESTED NARRATIVES: MEMORY, ATROCITY AND MASSACRE Chapter 12. Memories of Massacres and Atrocities during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars Philip Dwyer Chapter 13. Stalin’s Trap: The Katyn Forest Massacre between Propaganda and Taboo Claudia Weber Chapter 14. The Great Secret: Sites of Mass Killings in Stalinist Russia François-Xavier Nérard Chapter 15. Spectacular Atrocities: Making Enemies during the 1965-1966 Massacres in Indonesia Annie Pohlman Chapter 16. A Necessary Salve: The ‘Hue Massacre’ in History and Memory Scott Laderman Chapter 17. A Battle for Perceptions: Revisiting the Cassinga Controversy in Southern Africa Gary Baines PART IV: THE DYNAMICS OF MODERN MASSACRE AND MASS KILLING Chapter 18. Method in their Madness: Understanding the Dynamics of the Italian Massacre of Ethiopian Civilians, February-May 1937 Giuseppe Finaldi Chapter 19. The Algerian War on French Soil : The Paris Massacre of 17 October 1961 Hélène Jaccomard Chapter 20. Wedding Massacres and the War in Afghanistan Stephen J. Rockel Select Bibliography Notes on the Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisThe Western world's responses to genocide have been slow, unwieldly and sometimes unfit for purpose. So argues David Patrick in this essential new contribution to the aid and intervention debate. While the UK and US have historically been committed to the ideals of human rights, freedom and equality, their actual material reactions are more usually dictated by geopolitical 'noise', pre-conceived ideas of worth and the media attention-spans of individual elected leaders. Utilizing a wide-ranging quantitative analysis of media reporting across the globe, Patrick argues that an over-reliance on the Holocaust as the framing device we use to try and come to terms with such horrors can lead to slow responses, misinterpretation and category errors - in both Rwanda and Bosnia, much energy was expended trying to ascertain whether these regions qualified for 'genocide' status. The Reporting of Genocide demonstrates how such tragedies are reduced to stereotypes in the media - framed in terms of innocent victims and brutal oppressors - which can over-simplify the situation on the ground. This in turn can lead to mixed and inadequate responses from governments. Reporting on Genocide also seeks to address how responses to genocides across the globe can be improved, and will be essential reading for policy-makers and for scholars of genocide and the media.Table of ContentsChapter OneThe Crime of Crimes? Structure and Approach Chapter TwoBringing Darkness to Light: Anglo-American Awareness of the Holocaust, 1945-1995 The Liberation of the Camps - 1945 What was Uncovered Media Responses to Liberation Stylistic Themes in Reporting General Responses to Press Disclosures A Unique Response: Disbelief A Landmark in Exposure to Genocide Public Awareness of the Holocaust: 1945-1995 Immediate Post-War Period The Diary of Anne Frank The Trial of Adolf Eichmann Holocaust Schindler's List Concluding Remarks Chapter ThreeInconveniently Close: Anglo-American Coverage of the Bosnian War Western Discourse Regarding the Balkans Quantitative Analysis: Overall Findings of Bosnia Data Set News Article Coverage Front Page Coverage Editorial, Comments and Letters Coverage Period One: 1 August - 28 August 1992 Quantitative Findings: 1 - 28 August 1992 The Importance of Concentration Camp Imagery Calls for Intervention The Framing of Violence in the Balkans Period Two: 29 January - 26 February 1994 Quantitative Findings: 29 January - 26 February 1994 Themes within Coverage Confusing Victims and Perpetrators Period Three: 7 July - 3 August 1995 Quantitative Findings: 7 July - 3 August 1995 Themes within Coverage Period Four: 21 August - 18 September 1995 Quantitative Findings Themes within Coverage Concluding Remarks Chapter FourA Faraway People: Media Coverage of the Rwandan Genocide Western Discourse Regarding Africa Quantitative Findings News Article Coverage Front Page Coverage Opinion Coverage Themes within Coverage Tribalism and Anarchy Prospects of Intervention Lack of Focus on the Genocide Rare Instances of Press Focus Western Evacuation French Intervention Refugee Crisis Conclusion Chapter FiveFrom Disbelief to Disinterest Violence in the Media The Holocaust in the Anglo-American World Concluding Remarks Appendix Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThroughout the 1990s, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) was forced to face the challenges posed by the genocide of Rwandan Tutsis and a succession of outbreaks of political violence in Rwanda and its neighbouring countries. Humanitarian workers were confronted with the execution of almost one million people, tens of thousands of casualties pouring into health centres, the flight of millions of people who had sought refuge in camps and a series of deadly epidemics. Drawing on various hitherto unpublished private and public archives, this book recounts the experiences of the MSF teams working in the field. It is intended for humanitarian aid practitioners, students, journalists and researchers with an interest in genocide and humanitarian studies and the political sociology of international organisations.Trade Review'The book offers valuable insight into the moral dilemmas faced by humanitarian organizations as they seek to provide food, shelter, and medical assistance to large numbers of desperate people.'Holocaust and Genocide Studies -- .Table of ContentsIntroduction: through the eyes of field teams' members1. From the persecution of Kinyarwanda speakers in Uganda to the genocide of Rwandan Tutsis 2. Rwandan refugee camps in Tanzania and Zaire, 1994-53. The new Rwanda4. Refugees on the run in war-torn Zaire, 1996-7Epilogue: the effectiveness of aid in the face of repeated mass atrocitiesIndex

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Book SynopsisAnarchism 1914–18 is the first systematic analysis of anarchist responses to the First World War. It examines the interventionist debate between Peter Kropotkin and Errico Malatesta which split the anarchist movement in 1914 and provides a historical and conceptual analysis of debates conducted in European and American movements about class, nationalism, internationalism, militarism, pacifism and cultural resistance. Contributions discuss the justness of war, non-violence and pacifism, anti-colonialism, pro-feminist perspectives on war and the potency of myths about the war and revolution for the reframing of radical politics in the 1920s and beyond. Divisions about the war and the experience of being caught on the wrong side of the Bolshevik Revolution encouraged anarchists to reaffirm their deeply-held rejection of vanguard socialism and develop new strategies that drew on a plethora of anti-war activities.Trade Review'This book concurrently highlights the complexity and the significance of the anti-interventionists' values, ideas and practices. Stimulating and problematic themes emerge across contributions: anarchists' relation to "nation" and "state", the definition of "motherland", pragmatic and ideological answers to outbreaks of conflict (in the past, present and future), the role of art and aesthetics in the elaboration of trauma and in ideological developments....a valuable resource across disciplines.' Pietro di Paola, The University of Lincoln'The flowering of anarchist studies in recent years shows no signs of abating and Anarchism, 1914–18 provides yet another treat. The product of two conference panels in 2014, its ten substantive chapters are penned by a good mixture of well-established and next generation researchers. Edited by two luminaries of Loughborough University’s dynamic anarchist studies centre, it offers some rich and rewarding research on a period that, with recent centenary events, remains to some degree in the public eye.'Anarchist Studies -- .Table of ContentsIntroduction – Matthew S. Adams and Ruth KinnaPart I: The interventionist debate1 Saving the future: the roots of Malatesta’s anti-militarism – Davide Turcato2 The Manifesto of the Sixteen: Kropotkin's rejection of anti-war anarchism and his critique of the politics of peace – Peter Ryley3 Malatesta and the war interventionist debate 1914–17: from the 'Red Week' to the Russian Revolutions – Carl LevyPart II: Debates and divisions4 Beyond the ‘People’s Community’: the anarchist movement from fin de siècle to the First World War in Germany – Lucas Keller5 'No man and no penny': F. Domela Nieuwenhuis, anti-militarism and the opportunities of World War One – Bert Altena6 ‘The bomb plot of Zürich’: Indian nationalism, Italian anarchism and the First World War – Ole Birk Laursen7 The French anarchist movement and the First World War – Constance Bantman and David Berry8 At war with Empire: the anti-colonial roots of American anarchist debates during World War I – Kenyon ZimmerPart III: The art of war: anti-militarism and revolution9 The anarchist anti-conscription movement in the U.S. – Kathy E. Ferguson10 Aestheticising revolution – Allan Antliff11Mutualism in the trenches: anarchism, militarism and the lessons of the First World War – Matthew S. AdamsIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the most comprehensive study of the Waffen-SS until this date. Based on archival studies done in more than 20 archives in 13 different countries over a period of 5 years the book covers the entire history of the Waffen-SS and follows the post-war fate of the SS-veterans as well. The evolution of the Waffen-SS is analysed with special emphasis on the role of Nazi ideology, war crimes and atrocities, as well as the unique multi-ethnic and transnational character of the organization.Trade ReviewThe infamy of the Waffen-SS stands in contrast to the lackluster state of its academic investigation. Three leading specialists in the field are describing here Hitler’s praetorian troop in all its facets. This state-of-the-art monograph is certain to be a standard work on the Waffen-SS for years to come’ —Jochen Böhler, Director of the Vienna Wiesenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies, Austria‘This is by far the most comprehensive history of the Waffen-SS published to date. Drawing on a rich body of sources from across Europe, the authors have produced an excellent account of Himmler’s armed forces that included soldiers from virtually every European country. By focusing on the Waffen-SS’ origins and legacies, the book also goes well beyond the more familiar events of 1939–1945’ —Professor Robert Gerwarth, University College Dublin, Ireland.This is a book on the Waffen-SS that was so far missing in English. Based on unprecedented multi-archival and multi-lingual research across Europe, it provides the fascinating yet unsettling transnational European story of the armed branch of Heinrich Himmler’s SS’ —Dr Marco Wyss, Reader in International History and Security, Lancaster University, UK.“The Waffen-SS – War, Genocide and Cultural Memory” provides a comprehensive and updated presentation of the Waffen-SS as a transnational phenomenon. Drawing on 25 years of experience in the field, the authors synthesizes decades of Waffen-SS-research from all corners of German-occupied Europe. The book’s thematic breadth, spanning from organisational development, international recruitment, to war crimes and post-war veterans networks, makes it unique and a much needed supplement to the literature in this field” —Dr Terje Emberland, The Norwegian Center for Holocaust and Minority Studies, Norway.“In these present and uncertain times, such a study is needed now more than ever. Claus Bundgård Christensen, Niels Bo Poulsen and Peter Scharff Smith offer an innovative and rich overview of the Waffen SS, its mechanics and its aftermath up to the present day. The authors have succeeded in presenting the Waffen-SS’ complex and contradictory history in a skilled and impressive manner.” — Dr. Franziska Zaugg, University of Fribourg and University of Bern, Switzerland. Table of ContentsAbout the Authors; Foreword; Chapter One Introduction, Part I –The Organizational and Military History of the Waffen-SS; Chapter Two From Hitler’s Bodyguard to the Waffen-SS; Chapter Three War of Extermination; Chapter Four Fall and Obliteration; Part II –Ideology, Discipline and Punishment in the Waffen-SS, Chapter Five Ideological Training in the Waffen-SS; Chapter Six Sexuality, Race and Religion: Ideology in Practise; Chapter Seven Punishment and Discipline in the Waffen-SS: Law and Legal Practice in the Racial State; Part III –A European Nazi Army: Foreigners in the Waffen-SS, Chapter Eight Germanic and Western European Volunteers in the Waffen-SS; Chapter Nine ‘Volksdeutsche’ in the Waffen-SS; Chapter Ten Eastern European Waffen-SS Soldiers of Non-German Ethnicity; Part IV –Soldiers and War Criminals, Chapter Eleven Waffen-SS and Nazi Crimes; Chapter Twelve Explaining the Atrocities: Context and Motives; Part V –Waffen-SS after 1945, Chapter Thirteen Surrender and Imprisonment; Chapter Fourteen Prosecution and Flight; Chapter Fifteen The Veterans Unionise; Chapter Sixteen The Waffen-SS in Post-War Remembrance Culture; Epilogue – The Nazi’s European Soldiers; Appendix; List of Abbreviations; Bibliography; Index

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Book SynopsisThis book explores fourteen case studies of state crime, crimes/immoralities of the powerful, including disasters caused by neglect, pharmaceutical fraud, state sponsored or instigated crime, corporate crime, organisational crime and state terrorism. The book offers a valuable contribution to critical social science perspectives on criminality, providing analysis which explores issues of accountability and social harm and linking these to wider structural contexts, particularly the role of neoliberal ideologies. At the same time, the book will provide a critical perspective on historical case studies which continue to have legacies in the present, and which help to shed light on histories of domination and inequalities and to illustrate continuities and changes in crimes of the powerful over time.Trade Review“This collection of case studies enhances our understanding of the crimes committed by states and the rich and powerful. The range of cases is impressive as are the insights provided by the authors. Bringing together different aspects and dimensions of state crimes, this book will be an important ‘go-to’ for material and examples to support a shift in the focus of key areas of criminological enquiry towards a concern with the harms and crimes of the rich and powerful across different societies.” — Gerry Mooney, Senior Lecturer in Social Policy and Criminology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The Open University in ScotlandTable of ContentsAcknowledgements; List of Contributors; Introduction, Claudia Radiven and Simon Prideaux; Chapter One Disasters in Aberfan and Grenfell, Claudia Radiven and Simon Prideaux; Chapter Two Medico: Big Pharma and the Flint Water Crisis, Claudia Radiven and Simon Prideaux; Chapter Three Genocide: The Rohingya and Forced Sterilisation of Women of Colour in the United States, Claudia Radiven and Simon Prideaux; Chapter Four State Crime, Corporate Crime and Organised Crime in the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and the Congo, Claudia Radiven and Simon Prideaux; Chapter Five Organised Crime: County Lines in the United Kingdom and the Problem of Bosnian ‘Peacekeepers’, Claudia Radiven and Simon Prideaux; Chapter Six Colonial Crimes: The Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand and Residential Schools in Canada, Claudia Radiven and Simon Prideaux; Chapter Seven Internment: Yarl’s Wood and the Magdalene Laundries, Claudia Radiven and Simon Prideaux; Index.

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Book Synopsis Scholars have devoted considerable energy to understanding the history of ethnic cleansing in Europe, reconstructing specific events, state policies, and the lived experiences of victims. Yet much less attention has been given to how these incidents persist in collective memory today. This volume brings together interdisciplinary case studies conducted in Central and Eastern European cities, exploring how present-day inhabitants “remember” past instances of ethnic cleansing, and how they understand the cultural heritage of groups that vanished in their wake. Together these contributions offer insights into more universal questions of collective memory and the formation of national identity.Trade Review “Although comprised of only six case studies reflecting multi- and interdisciplinary approaches, the book presents a coherent and theoretically-informed look at the evolution of memory narratives and representations in what used to be called Eastern Europe…the book should be of interest to anyone concerned about Europe’s multi-ethnic past as perceived, acknowledged or even celebrated at the city level at the former Eastern Europa today. It can be read with profit by scholars and students across various humanistic disciplines.” • The Polish Review “Exploring a new avenue, the study of cultural trauma, Whose Memory? Which Future? provides an original, timely and singularly stimulating contribution to several subfields of memory studies. Owing to its strong comparative dimension, the book will serve as a sound conceptual, methodological and critical springboard for scholars working on post-conflict memory and cultural trauma but also for students of urban heritage management or post-socialist political cultures… Besides the potential benefits for the cultivation of an integrating European memory discourse, the volume’s contribution to the comparative study of cultural memory in Europe is thus hard to overstate.” • Bohemia “…the volume makes an important contribution to the literature on memory and is a must-read for anyone interested in the subject.” • Europe-Asia Studies 
“The book is the best argument in favor of comparative work in memory studies…[It] can be seen as an invitation, or rather urgent request, to engage more in comparative memory research on the one hand, and to reflect on the possibility of shared European memory politics, on the other. The book is not only highly informative and meticulously researched but also intellectually engaging and provocative.” • Slavic Review “Featuring an excellent introduction and conclusion, interesting material on cities ranging from Chernivtsi to Zadar, and an innovative theoretical framework, this volume stands out among the current literature on collective memory.” • Zdzislaw Mach, Jagiellonian University “The approach that this volume takes to the subject of ethnic cleansing is completely new, and the research it presents is significant and extremely valuable. It is one of the first books to address a number of questions that have been overlooked by urban history, memory studies, cultural sociology, and other fields.” • Gelinada Grinchenko, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National UniversityTable of Contents Introduction Barbara Törnquist-Plewa Chapter 1. Wrocław - Changes in Memory Narratives Igor Pietraszewski and Barbara Törnquist-Plewa Chapter 2. Between Old Animosity and New Mourning - Meanings of Czech Post-Communist Memorials of Mass Killings of the Sudeten Germans Tomas Sniegon Chapter 3. Polishness as a Site of Memory and Arena for Construction of a Multicultural Heritage in L’viv Eleonora Narvselius Chapter 4. Memories of Ethnic Diversity in Local Newspapers - the 600th Anniversary of Chernivtsi Niklas Bernsand
 Chapter 5. 
Zaratini: Memoriesand Absence of the Italian Community of Zadar Tea Sindbaek Chapter 6. Echo of Silence. Memory, Politics and Heritage in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina, a case study: Višegrad Dragan Nikolic
 Chapter 7. Comparative Remarks and Conclusions Barbara Törnquist-Plewa


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Book Synopsis Why did the Armenian genocide erupt in Turkey in 1915, only seven years after the Armenian minority achieved civil equality for the first time in the history of the Ottoman Empire? How can we explain the Rwandan genocide occurring in 1994, after decades of relative peace and even cooperation between the Hutu majority and the Tutsi minority? Addressing the question of how the risk of genocide develops over time, On the Path to Genocide contributes to a better understand why genocide occurs when it does. It provides a comprehensive and comparative historical analysis of the factors that led to the 1915 Armenian genocide and the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, using fresh sources and perspectives that yield new insights into the history of the Armenian and Rwandan peoples. Finally, it also presents new research into constraints that inhibit genocide, and how they can be utilized to attempt the prevention of genocide in the future. Trade Review “Mayersen has written a fine text… Ultimately, Mayersen concludes that genocides are ‘fundamentally preventable’ and offers insights into prevention. The text is well organized, thoroughly researched, and brings to bear important new perspectives on genocide studies. – Highly recommended.” · Choice “This is an excellent book. The combination of theory and context works well…The prose is sharp and the author has set up the problem in a logical way that is easy to follow. It also benefits from an interdisciplinary approach. Her grasp of detail is superior to many theorists…It reads very fluently, the author is clearly a gifted prose writer. The thread of argument runs through the book in a compelling way…The conclusion is full of intriguing ties to other case studies and the author summarizes her argument well.” · Cathie Carmichael, University of East Anglia Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction: ‘The Symptoms of an Explosive Situation’: The Temporal Model of Genocide THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE Chapter 1.‘Trying Desperately to Escape History’: The Armenian Question Chapter 2. ‘A Settled Plan to Slowly Exterminate’: The Hamidian Massacres Chapter 3. ‘They will have to be Destroyed’: From Massacre to Genocide THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE Chapter 4. ‘A European under Black Skin’: Pre-colonial and Colonial Rwanda Chapter 5. ‘A Massive Rejection of the Tutsi as Fellow Nationals’: Race, Violence and Independence Chapter 6. ‘A Cockroach gives birth to another Cockroach’: From Coexistence to Extermination THE PATH TO GENOCIDE Chapter 7. ‘Driven by Ethnic Exclusivism’: On the Timing of Genocide Chapter 8. ‘Our only Hope, therefore, rests on the Obstacle’: Constraints Against Genocide Chapter 9. ‘A Pattern ... Repeated Numerous Times’: The Wider Applicability of the Temporal Model Conclusion: ‘We are all Brothers’: The Temporal Model and Genocide Prevention Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis During and after World War I, over one million Ottoman Greeks were expelled from Turkey, a watershed moment in Greek history that resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths. And while few dispute the expulsion’s tragic scope, it remains the subject of fierce controversy, as activists have fought for international recognition of an atrocity they consider comparable to the Armenian genocide. This book provides a much-needed analysis of the Greek genocide as cultural trauma. Neither taking the genocide narrative for granted nor dismissing it outright, Erik Sjöberg instead recounts how it emerged as a meaningful but contested collective memory with both nationalist and cosmopolitan dimensions.Trade Review “The debates between those who label every massacre and deportation as genocide in solidarity with the suffering victims and the academics who stick to their scholarly values and distinguish meticulously between distinct methods of mass murder are elucidated effectively. Ultimately, the book successfully demonstrates how the concept of genocide, instead of denoting a real event in history, is a product of various political needs, how it creates historical distortions, and how it is used and manipulated. The Greek example illustrates how difficult it still is to construct a memory based on universal values that shares in the pain of all those who suffer around the world.” • Slavic Review “Sjöberg’s book is a must-read for history students inclined to embrace historical knowledge as a definite credo. With much agility, Sjöberg convinces his readership of the liveliness and hence the instability of the way a body politic, at all levels, relates to its past. One can call this postmodern; it is also Heraclitan.” • H-Nationalism “The concluding section, like the chapters that precede it, is meticulous and systematically argued and it summarizes all the findings presented in each chapter. Right at the end Sjöberg allows for a glimmer of optimism and notes that irrespective of whether future research will confirm or dismiss the claims that the Ottoman Greeks experienced a genocide, the dynamics that campaign unleashed may in fact lead away from its explicit ethnocentrism. It is too early to tell, as the controversy continues and more research is required. But the ongoing debates among activists and academics will benefit enormously from Sjöberg’s outstanding scholarly analysis.” • Journal of Social History “Erik Sjöberg has written a dense, varied, and admirable book…a thoughtful, well-written, and original contribution to the scholarship on the politics of memory in the aftermath of mass violence. Sjöberg treats themes as wide-ranging as cultural trauma, diaspora politics, ideology, national identity, etc. His breadth of reading and use of Greek-language sources and critical treatment of the different positions in the (often polarized) debates add significantly to the quality of the book…One can only hope that future publications on the Ottoman Greek catastrophe take Sjöberg’s arguments seriously.” • Hungarian Historical Review “Sjöberg maintains a sober balance between respect for the reality of historical trauma and critical interrogation of historians’ and activists’ methods. This is an excellent study that also offers insightful analysis into how new transnational memory cultures have emerged since the 1980s.” • Hans-Lukas Kieser, University of ZurichTable of Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction: Cosmopolitan memory and the Greek genocide narrative Chapter 1. Ottoman twilight: The background in Anatolia Chapter 2. “Right to Memory”: From Catastrophe to the politics of identity Chapter 3. Nationalizing genocide: The recognition process in Greece Chapter 4. The pain of Others: Empathy and the problematic comparison Chapter 5. Becoming cosmopolitan: The Americanized genocide Chapter 6. “Three genocides, one recognition”: The “Christian Holocaust” Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis The final years of the Ottoman Empire were catastrophic ones for its non-Turkish, non-Muslim minorities. From 1913 to 1923, its rulers deported, killed, or otherwise persecuted staggering numbers of citizens in an attempt to preserve “Turkey for the Turks,” setting a modern precedent for how a regime can commit genocide in pursuit of political ends while largely escaping accountability. While this brutal history is most widely known in the case of the Armenian genocide, few appreciate the extent to which the Empire’s Assyrian and Greek subjects suffered and died under similar policies. This comprehensive volume is the first to broadly examine the genocides of the Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks in comparative fashion, analyzing the similarities and differences among them and giving crucial context to present-day calls for recognition.Trade Review “This is a very timely edited volume that will fill a very significant gap in the study of Greek, Assyrian, Armenian, and Turkish history on the one hand, and, on the other, provide an analysis of the collective violence these non-Muslim minorities had been subjected to in the Ottoman Empire and later on… I heartily recommend this book to scholars interested in the histories of these communities as well as the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic; genocide scholars would also benefit from the novel framework of studying the collective violence against Greeks, Armenians, and Assyrians together, from a single comparative vantage point as late Ottoman genocides.” • Slavic Review “Overall this integrated genocide history is a valuable addition to the growing field of genocide studies, where cases start to mingle and enter the mainstream, stimulating us to ask larger questions in dense descriptions of regions as they erupt in violence, to paraphrase Charles Joyner.” • Genocide Studies International “This comprehensive volume is the first to broadly examine the genocides of the Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks in comparative fashion, analyzing the similarities and differences among them and giving crucial context to present-day calls for recognition. It is also one of the rare books which investigates the fate of the Ottoman Christian people during World War I as a whole, as not only Armenians, but Greeks and Assyrians were also targeted by the genocide carried out by the Young Turk's Ottoman Government. In the shadow of World War I, the Young Turk's aim was to exterminate the entire Christian population.” • Assyrian International News Agency NewsTable of Contents List of Illustrations Preface Introduction George N. Shirinian PART I: CONTEXTS Chapter 1. The Background to the Late Ottoman Genocides George N. Shirinian Chapter 2. Convulsions at the End of Empire: Thrace, Asia Minor, and the Aegean Dikran Kaligian Chapter 3. Assyrians in the Ottoman Empire and the Official Turkish Policy of Their Extermination, 1890s-1918 Anahit Khosroyeva PART II: DOCUMENTATION AND EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS Chapter 4. Considering Genocide Testimony: Three Case Studies Paul Bartrop Chapter 5. The Assyrian Issue 1914-1935: Australian Documents and Press Stavros Stavridis Chapter 6. American Women, Massacres, and the Admiral: Deep in Anatolia during the Turkish Nationalist Revolution Robert Shenk Chapter 7. Found in Translation: Eyewitness Accounts of the Massacres in Nicomedia as Reported by Greek Journalist Kostas Faltaits Eleni Phufas Chapter 8. The Destruction of Smyrna in 1922: An Armenian and Greek Shared Tragedy Tehmine Martoyan PART III: LEGACIES AND INTERPRETATIONS Chapter 9. Lemkin on Three Genocides: Comparing His Writings on the Armenian, Assyrian and Greek Genocides Steven Leonard Jacobs Chapter 10. The Ottoman Genocide of the Armenians and Greeks: The Similarities and Structural Peculiarities Gevorg Vardanyan Chapter 11. The Genocide of the Ottoman Greeks 1913-1923: Myths and Facts Thea Halo Chapter 12. Redeeming the Unredeemed: The Anglo-Hellenic League's Campaign for the Greeks in Asia Minor Georgia Kouta Chapter 13. Genocide by Deportation into Poverty: Western Diplomats on Ottoman Christian Killings and Expulsions, 1914-1924 Hannibal Travis Chapter 14. The Socio-Psychological Dimension of the Armenian Genocide Suren Manukyan Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis Historical research into the Armenian Genocide has grown tremendously in recent years, but much of it has focused on large-scale questions related to Ottoman policy or the scope of the killing. Consequently, surprisingly little is known about the actual experiences of the genocide’s victims. Daily Life in the Abyss illuminates this aspect through the intertwined stories of two Armenian families who endured forced relocation and deprivation in and around modern-day Syria. Through analysis of diaries and other source material, it reconstructs the rhythms of daily life within an often bleak and hostile environment, in the face of a gradually disintegrating social fabric.Trade Review “Vahé Tachjian has written a thoughtful, nuanced, and powerful study of survival centring on the lives of two Armenian diarists from the period: the priest Der Nerses Tavukjian and Krikor Bogharian, both from Aintab (present-day Gaziantep). Their diaries are by no means unique among the plethora of materials contemporary Armenian survivors have written, but they are particularly devastating in their emotional honesty as the authors experienced and survived genocide.” • War in History “Tachjian’s greatest contribution to the study of the Armenian Genocide lies in his approach to diaries and memoirs. He demonstrates that by dissecting, analyzing, and contextualizing them historians can extract vital information about different facets of the genocide. Moreover, in introducing microhistory to the analysis of survivors’ diaries in Armenian, he has opened the door to new interpretations of such texts, many of which have not yet been analyzed or translated from Armenian into English.” • International Journal of Middle East Studies “Vahé Tachjian has written a thoughtful, nuanced and powerful study of survival.” • European History Quarterly “Vahe Tachjian and his translator have done a great service to the recovery of the historical experience of the Armenian Genocide. The immediacy of the diaries of survivors testifies to the extraordinary suffering not only of a people displaced and destroyed but also of individuals who managed to live through and record their horrendous journey into the desert. As a gifted, sensitive, and analytical scholar, Tachjian sets the events in the larger context of Ottoman policy and the Arab world and probes the sources of strength—like family and local community ties—that Armenians deployed in their desperation. These diaries preserve the ‘authenticity of the moment,’ the deep texture of place and time, often lost in subsequent accounts. For historians, general readers, and all those interested in the possibilities of human cruelty, the depths of human suffering, and the potential of human resilience, this book is a treasure.” • Ronald Grigor Suny, William H. Sewell Jr. Distinguished University Professor of History and Political Science, The University of Michigan “This is a meticulously researched and thoughtfully articulated work. It sheds new light on the situation in the Middle East, especially Syria, during World War I, and adds to our understanding of the progressive dehumanization of genocide victims.” • Vahram Shemmassian, California State University, NorthridgeTable of Contents List of Illustrations and Tables Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. The Diarist, his Environment, and the Reasons for Keeping a Diary Chapter 2. The Deportees in the Region of Bilad al-Sham: A Race Against Time at Breakneck Speed Chapter 3. The Circle of Salvation in Extreme Conditions: Money-Food-Connections Chapter 4. Descriptions of the Deportees’ Decline: The Deaths of Shoghagat, Hagop, Krikor, Diruhi, and Many Others Chapter 5. From Forced Islamization to Emancipation: Two Historical Episodes and their Contradictions Afterword Glossary Index

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Book Synopsis Pertinent to contemporary demands for reparations from Turkey is the relationship between law and property in connection with the Armenian Genocide. This book examines the confiscation of Armenian properties during the genocide and subsequent attempts to retain seized Armenian wealth. Through the close analysis of laws and treaties, it reveals that decrees issued during the genocide constitute central pillars of the Turkish system of property rights, retaining their legal validity, and although Turkey has acceded through international agreements to return Armenian properties, it continues to refuse to do so. The book demonstrates that genocides do not depend on the abolition of the legal system and elimination of rights, but that, on the contrary, the perpetrators of genocide manipulate the legal system to facilitate their plans.Trade Review “This book is a valuable addition to filling the gaps of our understanding of genocide and helps readers navigate complex terrain in the case study presented… I recommend this book as a case study to be included in graduate level courses. In addition to its thorough review of the questionable statecraft of genocidal states, it is a reminder of the merits of engaged scholarship. Akçam and Kurt, by sharing their research as an act of solidarity with citizens who continue to challenge state restraints and master narratives based on genocide, make a contribution to the ongoing process of crafting a just society.” • Histoire Sociale/Social History “[This volume] will make an invaluable contribution to the field of genocide studies. It is meticulously researched and features superb attention to detail.” • Deborah Mayersen, University of Wollongong “Akçam and Kurt have written a fundamentally important book... We know that genocides are accompanied by the expropriation of the assets possessed by the targeted population… But nothing like that has been done for the Armenian Genocide—until now.” • Eric Weitz, CUNY City CollegeTable of Contents Introduction Chapter 1. The Laws and Decrees of the Committee of Union and Progress Period The Decrees and Regulations of 17, 30 and 31 May 1915 The Regulation of 10 June 1915 The Temporary Law of 26 September 1915 and the Regulation of 8 November 1915 A Brief Evaluation Chapter 2. The Armistice Period and the Returning Armenians The First Ones Returning from Deportation 12 January 1920: The Ittihadist Laws Are Annulled A Brief Evaluation The Treaty of Sèvres of 10 August 1920 The Prohibition against the Return of Greeks and Armenians Staying Outside of Turkey The Articles of Law Used to Prevent Their Return Policies to Obstruct Repatriation The Prohibition of Domestic Travel and Migration A Brief Evaluation Chapter 3. The Turkish Republic Prior to Lausanne The First Laws and Regulations of the Turkish Grand National Assembly The 20 April 1922 Abandoned Properties Law The Regulations of November to December 1922 Regulations Relevant to Istanbul The 14 September 1922 “Abrogation of the Property Regulation” Why Was There a Return to the Ittihadist Laws of the Genocide? The Plunder of Izmir and the Independence Tribunals Return to the Ittihadist Mentality: The 15 April Law and 29 April Regulation of 1923 A Brief Evaluation Abandoned Properties and National Tax Obligations (Tekalif-i Milliye) Chapter 4. The Treaty of Lausanne: A Turning Point The Abandoned Properties Question in the Negotiations and Treaty Mass and Individual Repatriations and the Armenian Homeland A Plan to Expel the Armenian Population The Question of the Belongings Which Were Left Behind The Amnesty: Draft Proposal and Final Form The Lausanne Regulations: The Question of Nationality The Lausanne Regulations: Property, Rights and Interests, or, The Issue of Compensation A Brief Evaluation of Lausanne Chapter 5. After Lausanne: The Armenians Remaining Outside of Turkey The Treaties of Alexandrapol (Gyumri), Kars and Moscow Turkey-France: A Pair of Treaties The 25 October 1934 Turkey-US Compensation Treaty An Interim Note on the US Compensation Treaty The International Commission and Mixed Arbitral Tribunals Chapter 6. Turkey after Lausanne: Virtually Raising a Wall around Its Borders Like a Fortress Armerican Armenians Are Not Permitted to Enter Turkey The Return of the Armenians: A Question of the Honor and Pride of the State “To Allow Their Return…Means to Waste the Blood We Spilled” The Legal Vacuum Created by Lausanne on Repatriation The Travel Regulation: Bans on Entry into the Country and Domestic Travel Prohibitions on Domestic Travel Passport Laws Chapter 7. Domestic Legal Regulations During the Republican Period The First Adjustments The 13 June 1926 Regulation 1928: The Distribution of Title Deeds and the Transfer of Revenue to the Treasury Begin The 22 April 1963 Constitutional Court Decision The Citizenship Laws of 1928 and 1964 Those Removed from Citizenship and the Liquidation of Their Properties The Abandoned Properties Laws and the Present Situation The 1983 and 2001 Circulars of the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadaster Profound Fear: Title Deed Registries Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisWith recent events in Gaza, Martin Shaw seeks to restore the idea of genocide to its central place in thinking about mass atrocities, to apply it to neglected cases, and ultimately to settle the question of What is genocide'?

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Book SynopsisWith recent events in Gaza, Martin Shaw seeks to restore the idea of genocide to its central place in thinking about mass atrocities, to apply it to neglected cases, and ultimately to settle the question of What is genocide'?

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Book SynopsisAnte Pavelic was the leader of the fascist party of Croatia (the Ustase), who, on Adolf Hitler's instruction, became the leader of Croatia after the Nazi invasion of 1941. Pavelic was an extreme Croatian nationalist who believed that the Serbian people were an inferior race - he would preside over a genocide that ultimately killed an estimated 390,000 Serbs during World War II. Croatia under Ante Pavelic provides the full history of this period, with a special focus on the United States' role in the post-war settlement. Drawing on previously unpublished documents, Robert McCormick argues that President Harry S. Truman's Cold War priorities meant that Pavelic was never made to answer for his crimes. Today, the Ustase remains difficult legacy within Croatian society, partly as a result of Pavelic' political life in exile in South America. This is a new account of US foreign policy towards one of the Second World War's most brutal dictators and is an essential contribution to Croatian war-time history.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Ante Pavelic and the Emergence of the Ustaše Chapter 2: Investigating Domobrans Chapter 3: Unlikely Victory Chapter 4: Carnage Chapter 5: The Escape Chapter 6: Hiding to the End

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Book SynopsisIt has long been assumed that no Armenian presence remained in eastern Turkey after the 1915 massacres. As a result of what has come to be called the Armenian Genocide, those who survived in Anatolia were assimilated as Muslims, with most losing all traces of their Christian identity. In fact, some did survive and together with their children managed during the last century to conceal their origins. Many of these survivors were orphans, adopted by Turks, only discovering their `true' identity late into their adult lives. Outwardly, they are Turks or Kurds and while some are practising Muslims, others continue to uphold Christian and Armenian traditions behind closed doors. In recent years, a growing number of `secret Armenians' have begun to emerge from the shadows. Spurred by the bold voices of journalists like Hrant Dink, the Armenian newspaper editor murdered in Istanbul in 2007, the pull towards freedom of speech and soul-searching are taking hold across the region. Avedis Hadjian has travelled to the towns and villages once densely populated by Armenians, recording stories of survival and discovery from those who remain in a region that is deemed unsafe for the people who once lived there. This book takes the reader to the heart of these hidden communities for the first time, unearthing their unique heritage and identity. Revealing the lives of a peoples that have been trapped in a history of denial for more than a century, Secret Nation is essential reading for anyone with an interest in the aftermath of the Armenian Genocide in the very places where the events occurred.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements A Note on Spellings and Names Foreword A Note on the Bibliography Sasun Commagene Dirkanagerd Daron Garin Sepastia Kharpert Van Cilicia The Black Sea and Hamshen

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Book SynopsisBetween April 1992 and December 1995, more than 100,000 people were killed in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The terrible atrocities committed in this period have been much discussed and studied and many prosecuted as acts of genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity. But so far, the academic scholarship has focused on the role of the military in these events. This has come at the expense of considering the police’s role, which Nielsen here demonstrates as crucial. Nielsen traces the origins of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina to the police and associated paramilitary groups. Nielsen makes this ground-breaking case by drawing on a host of confidential archival sources, academic research and practical experience as a widely cited expert witness in the most notorious of the war crimes tribunals. His innovative new history sheds light on wider issues regarding the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Balkan wars and the region today.Trade ReviewBased on extensive new documentation and the author’s own expert testimony at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, Mass Atrocities and the Police illuminates the sometimes neglected yet seminal role played by the police in the mass atrocity crimes committed during the Bosnian war. Meticulously researched and convincingly argued, the book charts the construction of an ethnic Serb police force in Bosnia and its repurposing by the Bosnian Serb political authorities as a leading vector of ‘ethnic cleansing’, often in collusion with notoriously brutal paramilitary units. Nielsen’s account of the descent of an institution responsible for the protection of the civilian population into mass crime adds a poignant new dimension to the tragedy of the Bosnian conflict, as well as to the story of its fragile peace. * Jasna Dragovic-Soso, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK *The break-up of socialist Yugoslav federation has been characterised by the mass scale violence against the civilian population. The existing scholarship on the perpetrators of these human rights abuses has focused largely on the role of regular armed forces and the paramilitary organisations. This insightful and meticulously researched book shifts the focus towards the police. Axboe Nielsen shows convincingly that the ethnic cleansing and genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina was spearheaded by the Bosnian Serb police forces. The book relies on the primary data analysis from ICTY and the Bosnian Serb police’s own documentation. Axboe Nielsen explores the key processes through which the police was involved in perpetrating, accommodating or tolerating mass atrocities committed against the non-Serb population. This is an important study that offers a novel interpretation of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. * Siniša Maleševic, University College Dublin, Ireland *Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1:From Elections to War: the Police and the Purposeful Destruction of Bosnia Chapter 2:The Police and the Forcible Seizure of Power Chapter 3:Search, Detain, Destroy: Ethnic Cleansing, Expulsions and Police Concentration Camps Chapter 4:Of Red Berets and Plausible Deniability: Serbia’s Support for the RS MUP Chapter 5:The Police and the Forcible Seizure of Power Epilogue:The Bosnian Serb Police and Negative Peace in Dayton Bosnia Index

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Book SynopsisThis book argues that the «international community» created and managed the dysfunctional state of Bosnia and Herzegovina by effectively rewarding ethnic cleansing, drawing up a transitional constitution which, in turn, generated a complex ethnifying polity incapable of independent reform. This constitution, which was only added as an annex to the Dayton Peace Agreement, has continued to encourage ethnification, understood in this book as the reproduction of imagined communities of descent. While accepting that foreign interference was necessary to end the war in the late 1990s, the book offers a critical review of the actions of the Office of the High Representative of the International Community (OHR) and other foreign actors since that period. It includes meticulous examination of hundreds of OHR decisions, as well as secret diplomatic cables published by Wikileaks revealing how the US embassy intervened in the country's trade and foreign policy. Drawing on a process-sociological perspective, the book interrogates the notion of ethnicity and offers a radical new perspective on post-war state-building in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Table of ContentsCONTENTS: Introduction - Why a Process Oriented Approach to Ethnified Multi-Level Governance is Essential - Bosnia and Herzegovina: Evolution of a Fragile Polity - Polities and Politics of Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Decisions of the OHR - Analysis of OHR Impact on Policies in BiH - Change of OHR Impact over Time

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Book Synopsis Historical research into the Armenian Genocide has grown tremendously in recent years, but much of it has focused on large-scale questions related to Ottoman policy or the scope of the killing. Consequently, surprisingly little is known about the actual experiences of the genocide’s victims. Daily Life in the Abyss illuminates this aspect through the intertwined stories of two Armenian families who endured forced relocation and deprivation in and around modern-day Syria. Through analysis of diaries and other source material, it reconstructs the rhythms of daily life within an often bleak and hostile environment, in the face of a gradually disintegrating social fabric.Trade Review “Vahé Tachjian has written a thoughtful, nuanced, and powerful study of survival centring on the lives of two Armenian diarists from the period: the priest Der Nerses Tavukjian and Krikor Bogharian, both from Aintab (present-day Gaziantep). Their diaries are by no means unique among the plethora of materials contemporary Armenian survivors have written, but they are particularly devastating in their emotional honesty as the authors experienced and survived genocide.” • War in History “Tachjian’s greatest contribution to the study of the Armenian Genocide lies in his approach to diaries and memoirs. He demonstrates that by dissecting, analyzing, and contextualizing them historians can extract vital information about different facets of the genocide. Moreover, in introducing microhistory to the analysis of survivors’ diaries in Armenian, he has opened the door to new interpretations of such texts, many of which have not yet been analyzed or translated from Armenian into English.” • International Journal of Middle East Studies “Vahé Tachjian has written a thoughtful, nuanced and powerful study of survival.” • European History Quarterly “Vahe Tachjian and his translator have done a great service to the recovery of the historical experience of the Armenian Genocide. The immediacy of the diaries of survivors testifies to the extraordinary suffering not only of a people displaced and destroyed but also of individuals who managed to live through and record their horrendous journey into the desert. As a gifted, sensitive, and analytical scholar, Tachjian sets the events in the larger context of Ottoman policy and the Arab world and probes the sources of strength—like family and local community ties—that Armenians deployed in their desperation. These diaries preserve the ‘authenticity of the moment,’ the deep texture of place and time, often lost in subsequent accounts. For historians, general readers, and all those interested in the possibilities of human cruelty, the depths of human suffering, and the potential of human resilience, this book is a treasure.” • Ronald Grigor Suny, William H. Sewell Jr. Distinguished University Professor of History and Political Science, The University of Michigan “This is a meticulously researched and thoughtfully articulated work. It sheds new light on the situation in the Middle East, especially Syria, during World War I, and adds to our understanding of the progressive dehumanization of genocide victims.” • Vahram Shemmassian, California State University, NorthridgeTable of Contents List of Illustrations and Tables Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. The Diarist, his Environment, and the Reasons for Keeping a Diary Chapter 2. The Deportees in the Region of Bilad al-Sham: A Race Against Time at Breakneck Speed Chapter 3. The Circle of Salvation in Extreme Conditions: Money-Food-Connections Chapter 4. Descriptions of the Deportees’ Decline: The Deaths of Shoghagat, Hagop, Krikor, Diruhi, and Many Others Chapter 5. From Forced Islamization to Emancipation: Two Historical Episodes and their Contradictions Afterword Glossary Index

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Book Synopsis Scholars have devoted considerable energy to understanding the history of ethnic cleansing in Europe, reconstructing specific events, state policies, and the lived experiences of victims. Yet much less attention has been given to how these incidents persist in collective memory today. This volume brings together interdisciplinary case studies conducted in Central and Eastern European cities, exploring how present-day inhabitants “remember” past instances of ethnic cleansing, and how they understand the cultural heritage of groups that vanished in their wake. Together these contributions offer insights into more universal questions of collective memory and the formation of national identity.Trade Review “Although comprised of only six case studies reflecting multi- and interdisciplinary approaches, the book presents a coherent and theoretically-informed look at the evolution of memory narratives and representations in what used to be called Eastern Europe…the book should be of interest to anyone concerned about Europe’s multi-ethnic past as perceived, acknowledged or even celebrated at the city level at the former Eastern Europa today. It can be read with profit by scholars and students across various humanistic disciplines.” • The Polish Review “Exploring a new avenue, the study of cultural trauma, Whose Memory? Which Future? provides an original, timely and singularly stimulating contribution to several subfields of memory studies. Owing to its strong comparative dimension, the book will serve as a sound conceptual, methodological and critical springboard for scholars working on post-conflict memory and cultural trauma but also for students of urban heritage management or post-socialist political cultures… Besides the potential benefits for the cultivation of an integrating European memory discourse, the volume’s contribution to the comparative study of cultural memory in Europe is thus hard to overstate.” • Bohemia “…the volume makes an important contribution to the literature on memory and is a must-read for anyone interested in the subject.” • Europe-Asia Studies 
“The book is the best argument in favor of comparative work in memory studies…[It] can be seen as an invitation, or rather urgent request, to engage more in comparative memory research on the one hand, and to reflect on the possibility of shared European memory politics, on the other. The book is not only highly informative and meticulously researched but also intellectually engaging and provocative.” • Slavic Review “Featuring an excellent introduction and conclusion, interesting material on cities ranging from Chernivtsi to Zadar, and an innovative theoretical framework, this volume stands out among the current literature on collective memory.” • Zdzislaw Mach, Jagiellonian University “The approach that this volume takes to the subject of ethnic cleansing is completely new, and the research it presents is significant and extremely valuable. It is one of the first books to address a number of questions that have been overlooked by urban history, memory studies, cultural sociology, and other fields.” • Gelinada Grinchenko, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National UniversityTable of Contents Introduction Barbara Törnquist-Plewa Chapter 1. Wrocław - Changes in Memory Narratives Igor Pietraszewski and Barbara Törnquist-Plewa Chapter 2. Between Old Animosity and New Mourning - Meanings of Czech Post-Communist Memorials of Mass Killings of the Sudeten Germans Tomas Sniegon Chapter 3. Polishness as a Site of Memory and Arena for Construction of a Multicultural Heritage in L’viv Eleonora Narvselius Chapter 4. Memories of Ethnic Diversity in Local Newspapers - the 600th Anniversary of Chernivtsi Niklas Bernsand
 Chapter 5. 
Zaratini: Memoriesand Absence of the Italian Community of Zadar Tea Sindbaek Chapter 6. Echo of Silence. Memory, Politics and Heritage in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina, a case study: Višegrad Dragan Nikolic
 Chapter 7. Comparative Remarks and Conclusions Barbara Törnquist-Plewa


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Book Synopsis Only in recent years has the history of European colonial concentration camps in Africa—in which thousands of prisoners died in appalling conditions—become widely known beyond a handful of specialists. Although they preceded the Third Reich by many decades, the camps’ newfound notoriety has led many to ask to what extent they anticipated the horrors of the Holocaust. Were they designed for mass killing, a misbegotten attempt at modernization, or something else entirely? A Sad Fiasco confronts this difficult question head-on, reconstructing the actions of colonial officials in both British South Africa and German South-West Africa as well as the experiences of internees to explore both the similarities and the divergences between the African camps and their Nazi-era successors.Trade Review “…a measured, meticulously researched and enterprising account of two colonial concentration camp systems… This impressive book helps its readers to grasp more clearly a tragic phase of modern history.” • African Studies Quarterly “Kreienbaum provides a solid and concise overview of the two colonial wars before presenting a stimulating investigation not only of the daily functioning of colonial concentration camps but also of the motives behind their establishment… The book thus constitutes a worthwhile and thought-provoking read for historians interested in British and German colonial history, internment history or the discussion of similarities and dissimilarities between colonialism and the Third Reich.” • Patterns of Prejudice “This meticulous study is a must read for scholars and students interested in (African) prison/camp history and German and British colonialism… Those with an interest in forced labour will take away as much as those reading for information on the postcolonial ‘continuity thesis’.” • Journal of Namibian Studies “A convincing and readable study … analytically compelling and based on rich primary-source research.” • Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift “In agreeably sober language, Jonas Kreienbaum uses a broad selection of material to convincingly reconstruct the aims, practices, and functions of colonial concentration camps.” • Historische Zeitschrift “Kreienbaum … not only engages at length with the opposing positions in a longstanding debate, but also approaches his research questions expertly, based on a wealth of primary sources consulted in state and missionary archives in Germany, Namibia, South Africa and Great Britain as well as contemporary scholarship.” • Zeitschrift für GeschichtswissenschaftTable of Contents List of Illustrations List of Tables and Maps Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1. The Context: Colonial Wars in South Africa and South-West Africa Chapter 2. The Purpose of the Camps Chapter 3. How the Camps Functioned Chapter 4. Deadly Learning? Observation and Knowledge Transfer Chapter 5. Comparative Reflections on Colonial and National Socialist Camps Final Observations: “A Sad Fiasco” Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis Turkey has gone through significant transformations over the last century—from the Ottoman Empire and Young Turk era to the Republic of today—but throughout it has demonstrated troubling continuities in its encouragement and deployment of mass violence. In particular, the construction of a Muslim-Turkish identity has been achieved in part by designating “internal enemies” at whom public hatred can be directed. This volume provides a wide range of case studies and historiographical reflections on the alarming recurrence of such violence in Turkish history, as atrocities against varied ethnic-religious groups from the nineteenth century to today have propelled the nation’s very sense of itself.Trade Review “This excellent volume combines cutting-edge work from some of the most prominent experts on mass violence in Turkey with a clear conceptual through-line.” • Matthias Bjørnlund, Danish Institute for Study Abroad “This work represents a solid endeavor that brings together multi-disciplinary research on various aspects of mass violence in Turkey and ties mass violence to national-identity construction from the late Ottoman period to the present day.” • Janet Klein, University of AkronTable of Contents Foreword Introduction Raymond H. Kévorkian PART I: CASE STUDIES IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Chapter 1. On the Genealogy of the Armenian-Turkish Conflict, Sultan Abdülhamid, and the Armenian Massacres Stephan H. Astourian Chapter 2. The Long Assyrian Genocide David Gaunt Chapter 3. The Hamidian Massacres: Gendered Violence, Biopolitics, and National Honor Aysenur Korkmaz Chapter 4. On Collective Responsibility in the Extermination of Ottoman Armenians Raymond H. Kévorkian Chapter 5. The Final Phase: The Cleansing of Armenian and Greek Survivors (1919–1922) Raymond H. Kévorkian Chapter 6. Collective State Violence against Greeks in the Late Ottoman Empire, 1821–1923 George Shirinian PART II: CASE STUDIES IN REPUBLICAN TURKEY Chapter 7. The Attempted Pogrom Against the Jews of Thrace, June–July 1934 Rifat Bali Chapter 8. A History of Armenians Remaining in Turkey: Survival and Denial Talin Suciyan Chapter 9. The Events of September 6–7, 1955: Greeks, Armenians, and Jews within the Context of the Strategies of the Turkish Republic Dilek Güven Chapter 10. State Violences in “Kurdistan” Mesut Yeğen Chapter 11. Physical and Epistemic Violence against Alevis in Modern Turkey Markus Dressler Chapter 12. Inscriptions of Denial of the Armenian Genocide in Memory Narrations from Dersim Annika Törne Chapter 13. The Yazidis: Resilience in Times of Violence Caroline Schneider PART III: THEMATIC ESSAYS Chapter 14. “Who Did This to Us?” Blaming the Enemies as Part of Turkey’s Authoritarian Political Culture Uǧur Derin Chapter 15. Violence and Its Masks: History and Nation Etienne Copeaux Chapter 16. Public Violence in Turkey (19th–21st Centuries) Hans-Lukas Kieser Chapter 17. Structures of Power, Coercion, and Violence in Republican Turkey Hamit Bozarslan In Lieu of a Conclusion: Shapes, Legitimation, and Legacies of Violence in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey Stephan H. Astourian Index

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Book Synopsis “In this rich and resonant study, Joanna Newman recounts the little-known story of this Jewish exodus to the British West Indies...”—Times Higher Education In the years leading up to the Second World War, increasingly desperate European Jews looked to far-flung destinations such as Barbados, Trinidad, and Jamaica in search of refuge from the horrors of Hitler’s Europe. Nearly the New World tells the extraordinary story of Jewish refugees who overcame persecution and sought safety in the West Indies from the 1930s through the end of the war. At the same time, it gives an unsparing account of the xenophobia and bureaucratic infighting that nearly prevented their rescue—and that helped to seal the fate of countless other European Jews for whom escape was never an option. From the introduction: This book is called Nearly the New World because for most refugees who found sanctuary, it was nearly, but not quite, the New World that they had hoped for. The British West Indies were a way station, a temporary destination that allowed them entry when the United States, much of South and Central America, the United Kingdom and Palestine had all become closed. For a small number, it became their home. This is the first comprehensive study of modern Jewish emigration to the British West Indies. It reveals how the histories of the Caribbean, of refugees, and of the Holocaust connect through the potential and actual involvement of the British West Indies as a refuge during the 1930s and the Second World War.Trade Review “In this rich and resonant study, Joanna Newman recounts the little-known story of this Jewish exodus to the British West Indies from the 1930s to the end of the war ... Through a vivid combination of letters, memoirs and interviews, we learn of the tremendous efforts the newly arrived Jews went to in an attempt to rebuild their shattered lives and recreate something of the Europe they had left behind”. • Times Higher Education “Nearly the New World is a sober, balanced, and deeply nuanced study of the Jewish refugee crisis of the 1930s, the reception of Jews in the West Indies on the eve of decolonization, and the British imperial policies that flowed through it all. Newman uses this history to speak effectively, and without anachronism, to address the current refugee crisis, breaking free from the usual sterile confines of standard academic histories.” • Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs “The volume fills some important gaps in Jewish and Caribbean studies by extending understanding of the nature of diaspora communities from the previous focus on Irish, African, South Asian, and Middle Eastern groups to include the under documented Jewish, and particularly Ashkenazi, presence in the British West Indies. It also contributes to understanding of the history of migration as an important constant in the life of the Caribbean.” • The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs “The work adds significantly to the budding scholarship on World War II and the Caribbean and brings to light the history of a people who have made significant contributions to a challenged but developing region.” • Central European History “…a study very much worth reading, clearly structured and enriched with personal illustrative material. Newman clearly achieves her goal to produce a ‘connected history,’ in which histories of the Caribbean, of refugees, and the Holocaust are linked together.” • H-Soz-Kult “Joanna Newman has done a remarkable job of rescuing an otherwise little-known story of the Holocaust, and her book is to be recommended to those seeking to learn something of the history of Holocaust rescue beyond that reserved for the countries where immigration was a given and refugee resettlement was expected.” • The Journal of British Studies “[This] book is a tour de force covering uncharted territory, exploring aspects that perhaps most readers had never thought about. As always, the historic photos and human-interest stories are fascinating and the detailed notes about sources will be of particular interest to academics.” • Association of Jewish Refugees Journal "A genuinely untold story doesn’t surface too often, but when it does, it’s best to pay attention. Joanna Newman’s diligent and scholarly excavation of Jewish refugees in the Caribbean is a revelation. It adds to what we know about the fate of those who fled the Holocaust; but it is also an excellent primer on colonial history. And it introduces us to a gallery of fascinating characters, many of whom exhibit a characteristic Caribbean mixture of courage, cunning and determination" • Trevor Phillips “Nearly the New World is a richly researched book that addresses a key gap in the historiography of World War II—the forced migration of Jewish refugees to the British West Indies. It is a timely work that will make an invaluable contribution to the scholarly literature on Jewish refugees from the Nazis, Jews in colonial spaces, and the Jewish Caribbean in particular.” • Sarah Phillips Casteel, Carleton University “Joanna Newman’s Nearly the New World is a remarkable achievement. It is the first full study of Jewish refugee movements to the British Caribbean and for that alone it is of immense value. But the significance of this book is much greater. In the field of Holocaust studies it acts as a model, bringing together perspectives from the British imperial government, Jewish refugee organisations, local responses and the experiences of the refugees themselves. It is also a wonderful example of a historian creatively curating sources, ranging from Colonial Office minutes through to the rich resource of Trinidadian calypsos, to explore the history and memory of this neglected topic. For those in refugee studies it is also an important intervention, with the persecuted at the forefront of her study. The author makes clear the connections between the refugees at sea in the Nazi era to find a place of safety and those on migrant boats today. This is a compelling story, beautifully told.” • Professor Tony Kushner, Parkes Institute, University of Southampton and author of Journeys from the Abyss: The Holocaust and Forced Migration from the 1880s to the present (2017). “This book offers an unusual angle of vision on the tragic history of Jews in flight from Europe before and during the Second World War. Joanna Newman shows how British officials and West Indians as well as refugees themselves reacted to the forced emigration of victims of Nazi oppression. She tracks the miserable record of the colonial bureaucracy through a multitude of archives. For the first time, she exposes the scandal of deliberate under-utilization of available refugee camp facilities in Jamaica during the war. Throughout, she injects a human dimension with evidence from letters, memoirs, and interviews. We learn how Jews disembarking in the West Indies were greeted with calypsos, some expressing sympathy at their plight, others resentment at their uninvited arrival. Admirably researched, deeply thoughtful, and wonderfully readable, this book has a vital message for the worldwide humanitarian crisis of our own time, as a new generation of asylum seekers knocks desperately at our doors.” • Bernard Wasserstein, University of ChicagoTable of Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. The Contextual Drivers: The British West Indies, the Colonial Office and Jewish Refugee Organisations PART I: CONFRONTING THE NEED FOR REFUGE Chapter 2. Jews Seeking Refuge, 1933–1938 Chapter 3. Panic Migration: The British West Indies And The Refugee Crisis Of 1938/39 PART II: CONFRONTING THE NEED FOR RESCUE Chapter 4. Boat People Chapter 5. Internment, Camps and Missed Opportunities Epilogue Select Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis Although it lasted only thirty years, German colonial rule dramatically transformed South West Africa. The colonial government not only committed the first genocide of the twentieth century against the Herero and Nama, but in their efforts to establish a “model colony” and “racial state,” they brought about even more destructive and long-lasting consequences. In this now-classic study—available here for the first time in English—the author provides an indispensable account of Germany's colonial utopia in what is present-day Namibia, showing how the highly rationalized planning of Wilhelmine authorities ultimately failed even as it added to the profound immiseration of the African population.Trade Review Praise for the German Edition: “[Zimmerer] traces the history and origins of racial, labor, and population regulations throughout the entire history of the German occupation, showing that they were not peripheral but absolutely central to the entire enterprise … The most detailed view to date of the operations and mind of the German colonial administration.” • The American Historical Review “Zimmerer’s book will be the point of reference for all historical work dealing with Namibian history in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.” • Journal of African History “Very impressive … Zimmerer clearly delineates the objectives, policies, successes, and failures of German efforts to control and exploit the native population.” • German Studies ReviewTable of Contents List of Illustrations Preface to the English Edition Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1. The Establishment of the Schutzgebiet and ‘Native Policy’ up until 1907 Chapter 2. The Codification of ‘Native Policy’ after 1905 Chapter 3. Demographics, Economics and Institutions: Basic Factors after the War Chapter 4. Securing Colonial Rule Chapter 5. The Labour Market: Recruitment and Working Conditions Chapter 6. Social Discipline, Educational Policy and the Taxation of the Africans Conclusion Appendix: Diagrams and Tables Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe UN outlawed genocide in 1948, and the United States launched a war on terror in 2001; yet still today, neither genocide nor terrorism shows any sign of abating. This book explains why those efforts have fallen short and identifies policies that can prevent such carnage. The key is getting the causation analysis right. Conventional wisdom emphasizes ancient hatreds, poverty, and the impact of Western colonialism as drivers of mass violence. But far more important is the inciting power of mass, ideological hate propaganda: this is what activates the drive to commit mass atrocities and creates the multitude of perpetrators needed to conduct a genocide or sustain a terror campaign. A secondary causal factor is illiberal, dualistic political culture: this is the breeding ground for the extremist, “us-vs-them” ideologies that always precipitate episodes of mass hate incitement. A two-tiered policy response naturally follows from this analysis: in the short term, several targeted interventions to curtail outbreaks of such incitement; and in the long term, support for indigenous agents of liberalization in venues most at risk for ideologically-driven violence. Trade ReviewThis book raises important questions about how free societies in the West can best be defended from the challenge of Islamism. As Henry Kopel demonstrates in this ambitious book, any successful strategy will include empowering genuine Muslim reformers in the battle of ideas. -- Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Hoover Institution Research FellowAnyone interested to understand the dangers posed to today’s world by the interrelationship between incitement, terrorism, and genocide must read this original and insightful book. -- Efraim Karsh, Emeritus Professor of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies, King’s College London & Director of the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic StudiesTable of ContentsPart I: Hate Incitement’s Progeny: Genocide and TerrorismChapter 1: GenocideChapter 2: Genocide Incitement: Causation EvidenceChapter 3: TerrorismChapter 4: Terrorism Causation: Dualistic IdeologiesChapter 5: Terror Incitement: Dissemination of the IdeologyChapter 6: Other Causal FactorsPart II: Hate Incitement’s Dominion: The Middle EastChapter 7: The Contemporary Deluge of Hate IncitementChapter 8: Early History: The Missing ReformationChapter 9: Twentieth Century, Part I: The Totalitarian-Islamist FusionChapter 10: Twentieth Century, Part II: Towards the Global JihadPart III: Hate Incitement’s Adversary: The Liberal DemocraciesChapter 11: Willful Blindness: The Silence of the Opinion LeadersChapter 12: Willful Blindness: Sources of the SilenceChapter 13: The “Democratic Peace” and the Importance of LiberalizationChapter 14: Defending Freedom Against Totalitarian Hatred

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Book SynopsisThe UN outlawed genocide in 1948, and the United States launched a war on terror in 2001; yet still today, neither genocide nor terrorism shows any sign of abating. This book explains why those efforts have fallen short and identifies policies that can prevent such carnage. The key is getting the causation analysis right. Conventional wisdom emphasizes ancient hatreds, poverty, and the impact of Western colonialism as drivers of mass violence. But far more important is the inciting power of mass, ideological hate propaganda: this is what activates the drive to commit mass atrocities, and creates the multitude of perpetrators needed to conduct a genocide or sustain a terror campaign. A secondary causal factor is illiberal, dualistic political culture: this is the breeding ground for the extremist, “us-vs-them” ideologies that always precipitate episodes of mass hate incitement. A two-tiered policy response naturally follows from this analysis: in the short term, several targeted interventions to curtail outbreaks of such incitement; and in the long term, support for indigenous agents of liberalization in venues most at risk for ideologically-driven violence. Trade ReviewIn War on Hate, Henry Kopel, an Assistant U.S. Attorney in the United States Department of Justice, has synthesized the now large scholarship and U.S. government reports on the Islamist ideological roots of terrorism and mass violence. With the thoroughness of a prosecutor, he builds the case that the global jihad of recent decades in North Africa and the Middle East, and the threats to Israel and other Western democracies stem from a now well documented Islamist ideology in Sunni and Shia forms. Kopel writes that despite the abundant evidence of this reality, parts of the American government’s policy institutions engage in “willful blindness,” euphemisms or even denial of the obvious but inconvenient truth. He advocates that the democracies intensify their public diplomacy and intellectual counter-offensives, and proposes a federal anti-incitement statute. War on Hate is a unique and important blend of scholarship and legal reasoning which deserves wide reading among government officials, policy analysts and engaged citizens. -- Jeffrey Herf, University of Maryland, College ParkGenocide and mass-killing claimed more lives in the 20th century than war and yet the incitement which catalyzed such slaughter remains largely ignored not only by diplomats but also by human rights groups. No longer. Kopel masterfully takes the reader on a tour through recent history and across the globe to make the case that combating incitement is the missing piece to ensure that 'never again' means just that. War on Hate should be mandatory reading for every diplomat, international correspondent, and human rights advocate. -- Michael Rubin, American Enterprise InstituteHenry Kopel destroys a whole bunch of plausible but sloppy explanations for terrorism and genocide, such as assuming that hatred is the result of poverty or colonialism or ‘ancient hatreds that boil over’. They’re not, he argues in this persuasive text... One of the guiding threads of Kopel’s analysis concerns the absence of those opposing narratives, which favours centralized states with strong apparatus of information control. He says that the forms of governance least likely to generate genocidal or terrorist violence are stable, liberal democracies. * University of Oxford - Off the Shelf *Table of ContentsPart I: Hate Incitement’s Progeny: Genocide and TerrorismChapter 1: GenocideChapter 2: Genocide Incitement: Causation EvidenceChapter 3: TerrorismChapter 4: Terrorism Causation: Dualistic IdeologiesChapter 5: Terror Incitement: Dissemination of the IdeologyChapter 6: Other Causal FactorsPart II: Hate Incitement’s Dominion: The Middle EastChapter 7: The Contemporary Deluge of Hate IncitementChapter 8: Early History: The Missing ReformationChapter 9: Twentieth Century, Part I: The Totalitarian-Islamist FusionChapter 10: Twentieth Century, Part II: Towards the Global JihadPart III: Hate Incitement’s Adversary: The Liberal DemocraciesChapter 11: Willful Blindness: The Silence of the Opinion LeadersChapter 12: Willful Blindness: Sources of the SilenceChapter 13: The “Democratic Peace” and the Importance of LiberalizationChapter 14: Defending Freedom Against Totalitarian Hatred

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Book Synopsis Drawing on previously inaccessible and overlooked archival sources, The Herero Genocide undertakes a groundbreaking investigation into the war between colonizer and colonized in what was formerly German South-West Africa and is today the nation of Namibia. In addition to its eye-opening depictions of the starvation, disease, mass captivity, and other atrocities suffered by the Herero, it reaches surprising conclusions about the nature of imperial dominion, showing how the colonial state’s genocidal posture arose from its own inherent weakness and military failures. The result is an indispensable account of a genocide that has been neglected for too long.Trade Review “The author impressively demonstrates that emotions can be the driving force behind cruelty and is able to portray the brutalization of ordinary soldiers, who ultimately also became ‘motor[s] of extermination,’ more clearly than previous studies have done. Fear, bitterness, and frustration in the face of military failures led to violence…Häussler’s work is an innovative, at times brilliant study that deserves a wide readership – hopefully, and thanks to the translation, now also in English-speaking countries.” • Central European History Praise for the German edition: “Matthias Häussler has produced a complex and highly compelling account of the unfolding of mass violence in German South-West Africa. His book includes a range of sources which other historians have largely neglected … or been unable to access.” • Journal of Namibian Studies “Häussler deals less with the causes of violence or possible racist program of extermination than with the conditions, factors and dynamics of a radicalization that ultimately led to genocide. In his differentiated analysis he is aided by a profound knowledge of the sources, materials from state, church and private archives in Germany.” • Historische Zeitschrift “This book was overdue. [… Häussler] successfully endeavors to expand the collection of sources on the history of this genocide, drawing not only on German administrative files but also on British traditions and a large number of private estates” • Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift “This study encourages further research on the relationship between emotion, racism, and the release of violence and is recommended to all those who are interested in processes of unrestricted violence in general or the war in German South West Africa in particular.” • H-Soz-Kult “Häussler shines with an innovative study …The book is recommended not only to all those who are committed to dealing appropriately with the Namibian-German past, but also to those who are directly involved in the ongoing bilateral negotiations between Germany and Namibia.” • The NamibianTable of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. Settlers, Herero, and the Spiral of Violence Chapter 2. The Strategic Horizon: Leutwein – Metropole – Trotha Chapter 3. The Campaign Chapter 4. Small Warfare and Brutalization Chapter 5. From the Regime of the Camps to “Native Policy” Conclusion Bibliography

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Book Synopsis The Nazi invasion of Poland was the first step in an unremittingly brutal occupation, one most infamously represented by the network of death camps constructed on Polish soil. The systematic murder of Jews in the camps has understandably been the focus of much historical attention. Less well-remembered today is the fate of millions of non-Jewish Polish civilians, who—when they were not expelled from their homeland or forced into slave labor—were murdered in vast numbers both within and outside of the camps. Drawing on both German and Polish sources, In the Shadow of Auschwitz gives a definitive account of the depredations inflicted upon Polish society, tracing the ruthless implementation of a racial ideology that cast ethnic Poles as an inferior race.Trade Review “In this deeply researched volume, evidence of the author's masterful command of a massive volume of primary and secondary materials, Brewing…focuses on German massacres in rural and urban Polish villages and communities, which he defines and examines in careful detail…Sections of this study are emotionally wrenching to read, but the scholarly balance justifies the numerous prizes this book has received. It is a major contribution to both German and Polish historiography and has important lessons and insights for society as a whole….Highly Recommended.” • Choice “Based on a dense archival source base that captures different levels of German decision-making against relevant literatures in German, Polish, and English, Brewing offers a model for the escalation of killing that remains attuned to variation…The book’s central contribution will be on the isolation of the massacre as an event deserving of its own analysis, though historians of the Holocaust will also be interested in the way the early occupation radicalized German behavior and how partisan and anti-partisan activities made Polish Jews vulnerable.” • German Studies Review Praise for the German Edition: “Brewing, in his meticulously researched, excellently structured and captivatingly written study, focuses for the first time on the massacres of Polish civilians mainly committed by Germans.” • Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung “Daniel Brewing closes a research gap on German occupation in Poland and provides an excellent basis for further investigation. He sets new standards with his carefully argued, theoretically well-founded, and excellent, empirically rich study.” • SehepunkteTable of Contents Preface Introduction Part I: The setting of massacres: prehistory, enemy constructs and the order of violence Chapter 1. Continuities and ruptures: Germans and Poles before 1939 Chapter 2. Occupation as a framework for action: ideology, politics and violence Part II: ‘Polish bands’: war, occupation policy and the logic of massacres Chapter 3. Beyond the border: the war in September 1939 Chapter 4. Initiation and practice: ‘Hubal’ and the beginnings of counter-partisan operations Chapter 5. Removal of constraints: fighting partisans through a ‘small-scale war’ in 1942 Chapter 6. Losing control: escalating crisis and the dynamics of violence in 1943 Chapter 7. Authority amid the death throes: the final phase of German rule, 1944–1945 Chapter 8. Transfer and culmination: the quelling of the Warsaw Uprising in 1944 Part III: Coming to terms with the past after 1945 Chapter 9. Extradition and punishment: Poland, the Allies and German perpetrators Chapter 10. Prosecution and suppression: massacres and German justice Conclusion Bibliography Index

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