Genocide and ethnic cleansing Books

Book SynopsisRemembering Histories of Trauma compares and links Native American, First Nation and Jewish histories of traumatic memory. Using source material from both sides of the Atlantic, it examines the differences between ancestral experiences of genocide and the representation of those histories in public sites in the United States, Canada and Europe. Challenging the ways public bodies have used those histories to frame the cultural and political identity of regions, states, and nations, it considers the effects of those representations on internal group memory, external public memory and cultural assimilation. Offering new ways to understand the Native-Jewish encounter by highlighting shared critiques of public historical representation, Mailer seeks to transcend historical tensions between Native American studies and Holocaust studies. In linking and comparing European and American contexts of historical trauma and their representation in public memory, this book brings Native AmeriTrade ReviewWith great reflection and compassion, Gideon Mailer identifies how genocide and massacre have impacted Jews and Indigenous peoples, not only in the political, cultural and social spheres, but also in the imaginaries of these groups, their collective archives so that they retain a kinship previously unexamined. * Kitty Millet, Associate Professor, San Francisco University, USA *This is an ambitious, generous, and much needed book. It addresses anxieties that have made it hard to see links between the experience and representation of anti-Jewish and anti-indigenous genocides. More impressive still, it does so without overly generalizing the experiences and sensibilities of indigenous people or Jews themselves or reducing them solely to victimhood. It should foster many productive and critical discussions. I hope it will be widely read. * Jonathan Boyarin, Diann G. and Thomas A. Mann Professor of Modern Jewish Studies, Cornell University, USA *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Traumatic Memory and the Indigenous-Jewish Connection 1. Biological Determinism and the Problem of Perpetrator Intent 2. Indigenous People, Jews, and the Americanization of the Holocaust 3. Indigenous Genocide, the Holocaust, and European Public Memory 4. Public Memory and the Problem of Imperial Power 5. Traumatic Memory, Assimilation, and Cultural Renewal Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses some of the most urgent current debates over the study, commemoration, and politicization of the Holocaust through key critical perspectives. Omer Bartov adeptly assesses the tensions between Holocaust and genocide studies, which have repeatedly both enriched and clashed with each other, whilst convincingly arguing for the importance of local history and individual testimony in grasping the nature of mass murder. He goes on to critically examine how legal discourse has served to both uncover and deny individual and national complicity. Genocide, the Holocaust and Israel-Palestine outlines how first-person histories provide a better understanding of events otherwise perceived as inexplicable and, lastly, draws on the author's own personal trajectory to consider links between the fate of Jews in World War II and the plight of Palestinians during and in the aftermath of the establishment of the state of Israel. Bartov demonstrates that these five perspectives, Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction Part I Writing Atrocity 1. Historical Uniqueness and Integrated History 2. Eastern Europe as the Site of Genocide Part II Local History 3. Reconstructing Genocide on the Local Level 4. Testimonies as Historical Documents Part III Justice and Denial 5. The Holocaust in the Courtroom 6. Memory Laws as a Tool of Forgetting Part IV First Person Histories 7. H. G. Adler’s (Un)Bildungsroman 8. Leaving the Shtetl to Change the World Part V When Memory Comes 9. Return and Displacement in Israel-Palestine 10. My Twisted Path to Auschwitz, and Back 11. Building a Future by Telling the Past Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis long-awaited book from New York Times best-selling author Immaculée Ilibagiza teaches readers how to pray the rosary of the seven sorrows for greater wisdom, strength, and forgiveness.In this new book by New York Times best-selling author Immaculée Ilibagiza, readers will rediscover this important message from Mary. Mary wanted the whole world to know the seven sorrows rosary, and Immaculée not only shares it but explains Mary’s specific teachings for how to pray it, as well as offers the promises attached to the prayers.The Rosary of the Seven Sorrows dates back to the Middle Ages, but it gained new popularity following the sightings of the Blessed Virgin Mary that occurred in the 1980s in Kibeho, Rwanda. During these sightings, which were validated by the Vatican, Mary asked that this special rosary be introduced to the world. It was spread widely to thousands of people, who then taught it to thousands of oth

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Book SynopsisThis text is one of the few surviving eyewitness sources on the Assyrian genocide during the First World War, written by a seminarian living in greater Tur Abdin (the southeast of today's Turkish state). It is translated and annotated by a master of Syriac with an in-depth knowledge of modern Assyrian history.Trade Review"Western society is increasingly interested in being acquainted with the historical reality of the great tragedies of humanity. This has been one of the worst after the massive holocaust of the Jews during the Nazi era. Therefore, this work can be considered a significant contribution to the subject." -Professor Dr Efrem Yildiz, University of Salamanca

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Book SynopsisMoral uncertainty surrounding the use of armed drones has been a persistent problem for more than two decades. In response, Moralities of Drone Violence aims to provide greater clarity by exploring and ordering a variety of ways in which violent drone use can be judged as just or unjust in various circumstances. The book organises moral ideas around a series of concepts of ?drone violence?: warfare, violent law enforcement, tele-intimate violence, and violence devolved from humans to artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. In contrast to the way armed drones tend to be debated narrowly in terms of war and law, this broad-based approach to normative inquiry affords more scope to discern and address the potential for these weapon systems to support moral progress or to generate injustice.

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Book SynopsisIn this meditation on loss, inheritance, and survival, renowned historian Harry Harootunian explores the Armenian genocide's multigenerational afterlives that remain at the heart of the Armenian diaspora by sketching the everyday lives of his parents, who escaped the genocide in the 1910s.Trade Review“‘Genocide’ was first coined to portray the brutality of the Turkish state as it murdered the Armenian population living within its borders. Yet the Armenian genocide has become largely invisible, a part of history erased from common awareness. Harry Harootunian's chronicle of the Armenian genocide's impact on his family's hellish life forces us to reexamine what we do not know about our pasts and the causes and consequences of our ignorance. Through this remarkable account, Harootunian refuses to let his family die twice.” -- Irene Silverblatt, Professor of Cultural Anthropology History, Duke University“The Unspoken as Heritage is a brave text offering something we all need: the recognition that a heritage shaped by catastrophe lingers, even thrives, in the unspoken and the everyday, rather than in the grand narratives of History. Harry Harootunian accounts for the unaccounted in the future tense, asking what should become of us as we live on in the wake of loss, rather than in the past tense of nationalist restoration. The rich and textured scraps of his parents lives, organized by ineradicable silence, here count for something potent: not the evidentiary, but the imaginative; not the exceptional, but the expectant.” -- David Kazanjian, Professor of English and Comparative Literature, University of Pennsylvania"Elegantly written and intriguingly structured. . . For readers interested in the problem of genocide, in the silence of survivors, and in second-generation immigrants, The Unspoken as Heritage offers richly rewarding reflections from the point of view of someone who has confronted unanswered questions that have lingered from his childhood." -- Werner Sollors * Critical Inquiry *“Harry Harootunian has authored a timely and thought-provoking book on the Armenian Genocide. The Unspoken as Heritage strikes a balance between the facts of the historical events and the author’s own personal journey to comprehend the full and complete tragedy that tore to shards his parents’ lives.” -- Barbara Erysian * Canadian Journal of History *“Professor Harootunian has managed to produce a book of profound depth and beauty. It is equal parts a personal memoir, a sociological examination of the Armenian Genocide and its often-unexamined psychological effects on survivors and their children, and a meditation of what it is to be a second-generation immigrant in a country ensconced in mythic self-glorification.” -- Artyom H. Tonoyan * Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies *“[The Unspoken as Heritage] is very rich and flows smoothly.... Harootunian’s study about his own family (as a singular case) sheds light upon what happened to the Armenians who ran away from the Ottoman Empire in the beginning of the twentieth century (as a collective process).” -- Pedro Bogossian-Porto * Ethnic and Racial Studies *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix 1. The Unrealized Everyday: By Way of an Introduction 1 2. Unnoticed Lives/Unanswered Questions 17 3. Traces of a Vanished Everyday 37 4. History's Interruption: Dispossession and Genocide 87 5. House of Strangers/Diminished Lives 114 Epilogue. Returning to Ani 149 Notes 161 Bibliography 171 Index 175

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Book SynopsisIn this meditation on loss, inheritance, and survival, renowned historian Harry Harootunian explores the Armenian genocide's multigenerational afterlives that remain at the heart of the Armenian diaspora by sketching the everyday lives of his parents, who escaped the genocide in the 1910s.Trade Review“‘Genocide’ was first coined to portray the brutality of the Turkish state as it murdered the Armenian population living within its borders. Yet the Armenian genocide has become largely invisible, a part of history erased from common awareness. Harry Harootunian's chronicle of the Armenian genocide's impact on his family's hellish life forces us to reexamine what we do not know about our pasts and the causes and consequences of our ignorance. Through this remarkable account, Harootunian refuses to let his family die twice.” -- Irene Silverblatt, Professor of Cultural Anthropology History, Duke University“The Unspoken as Heritage is a brave text offering something we all need: the recognition that a heritage shaped by catastrophe lingers, even thrives, in the unspoken and the everyday, rather than in the grand narratives of History. Harry Harootunian accounts for the unaccounted in the future tense, asking what should become of us as we live on in the wake of loss, rather than in the past tense of nationalist restoration. The rich and textured scraps of his parents lives, organized by ineradicable silence, here count for something potent: not the evidentiary, but the imaginative; not the exceptional, but the expectant.” -- David Kazanjian, Professor of English and Comparative Literature, University of Pennsylvania"Elegantly written and intriguingly structured. . . For readers interested in the problem of genocide, in the silence of survivors, and in second-generation immigrants, The Unspoken as Heritage offers richly rewarding reflections from the point of view of someone who has confronted unanswered questions that have lingered from his childhood." -- Werner Sollors * Critical Inquiry *“Harry Harootunian has authored a timely and thought-provoking book on the Armenian Genocide. The Unspoken as Heritage strikes a balance between the facts of the historical events and the author’s own personal journey to comprehend the full and complete tragedy that tore to shards his parents’ lives.” -- Barbara Erysian * Canadian Journal of History *“Professor Harootunian has managed to produce a book of profound depth and beauty. It is equal parts a personal memoir, a sociological examination of the Armenian Genocide and its often-unexamined psychological effects on survivors and their children, and a meditation of what it is to be a second-generation immigrant in a country ensconced in mythic self-glorification.” -- Artyom H. Tonoyan * Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies *“[The Unspoken as Heritage] is very rich and flows smoothly.... Harootunian’s study about his own family (as a singular case) sheds light upon what happened to the Armenians who ran away from the Ottoman Empire in the beginning of the twentieth century (as a collective process).” -- Pedro Bogossian-Porto * Ethnic and Racial Studies *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix 1. The Unrealized Everyday: By Way of an Introduction 1 2. Unnoticed Lives/Unanswered Questions 17 3. Traces of a Vanished Everyday 37 4. History's Interruption: Dispossession and Genocide 87 5. House of Strangers/Diminished Lives 114 Epilogue. Returning to Ani 149 Notes 161 Bibliography 171 Index 175

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Book SynopsisThis gorgeously illustrated graphic novel draws on archival sources and survivor testimonies to shed light on the 1945 massacre in Tivari.Table of ContentsIntroduction Prologue Çubrel Prizren Shkodra Tivari Notes

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Book SynopsisIn Killing Others, Matthew Lange explores why humans ruthlessly attack and kill people from other ethnic communities. Drawing on an array of cases from around the world and insight from a variety of disciplines, Lange provides a simple yet powerful explanation that pinpoints the influential role of modernity in the growing global prevalence of ethnic violence over the past two hundred years. He offers evidence that a modern ethnic mind-set is the ultimate and most influential cause of ethnic violence.Throughout most of human history, people perceived and valued small sets of known acquaintances and did not identify with ethnicities. Through education, state policy, and other means, modernity ultimately created broad ethnic consciousnesses that led to emotional prejudice, whereby people focus negative emotions on entire ethnic categories, and ethnic obligation, which pushes people to attack Others for the sake of their ethnicity. Modern social transformations also provided a vTrade Review"This theoretically rich, well-illustrated, and engagingly written book is based on sound empirical evidence. It is a must-read for anybody interested in the study of violent conflicts and cultural difference." -- Siniša Malešević, University College Dublin, author of The Sociology of War and Violence"Killing Others is a bold and powerful book that restates the modernist approach to ethnicity and violence with renewed clarity and rigor." -- Andreas Wimmer, Columbia University, author of Waves of War: Nationalism, State Formation, and Ethnic Exclusion in the Modern WorldTable of ContentsIntroduction: Killing Others1. The Nature and Nurture of Ethnic Violence2. Modernity and Ethnic Violence3. Teaching Peace or Violence?4. The Origins of Ethnic Consciousness5. The Origins of Ethnic Pluralism6. Emotional Prejudice and Ethnic Obligations: Motives of Ethnic Violence7. States and Ethnic Violence: Containing Violence or Instigating Unrest?8. From Worst to First: Declining Ethnic Violence in Early Modernizers9. Modernity and Ethnic Violence in Africa, Asia, and Latin America10. The Future of Ethnic Violence

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Book SynopsisThe Moral Witness is the first cultural history of the witness to genocide in the West. Carolyn J. Dean shows how the witness became a protagonist of twentieth-century moral culture by tracing the emergence of this figure in courtroom battles from the 1920s to the 1960scovering the Armenian genocide, the Ukrainian pogroms, the Soviet Gulag, and the trial of Adolf Eichmann. In these trials, witness testimonies differentiated the crime of genocide from war crimes and began to form our understanding of modern political and cultural murder.By the turn of the twentieth century, the witness to genocide became a pervasive icon of suffering humanity and a symbol of western moral conscience. Dean sheds new light on the recent global focus on survivors'' trauma. Only by placing the moral witness in a longer historical trajectory, she demonstrates, can we understand how the stories we tell about survivor testimony have shaped both our past and contemporary moral culture.Trade ReviewDean has provided a sophisticated and nuanced analysis of the emergence of "the witness" as a moral symbol and pervasive icon of suffering and surviving genocide and mass atrocities.... The book will be valuable to students and scholars who study genocide, testimony, victimhood, and social and cultural trauma in the aftermath of mass atrocities. * Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books *Carolyn Dean traces the paths by which victims, survivors, and witnesses of mass atrocities moved from the culture's sidelines to its moral center... convincingly show[ing] that the figure of the witness has become the barometer of moral consciousness across the West.... [Its] global lens and longue durée perspective have considerable value. * AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *Carolyn Dean's painstakingly researched, rigorously argued reconstruction of the cultural icon of the moral witness exemplifies the ascendant genre of the succinct, historical essay-book. * Journal of Modern History *

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Book SynopsisIn Drunk on Genocide, Edward B. Westermann reveals how, over the course of the Third Reich, scenes involving alcohol consumption and revelry among the SS and police became a routine part of rituals of humiliation in the camps, ghettos, and killing fields of Eastern Europe. Westermann draws on a vast range of newly unearthed material to explore how alcohol consumption served as a literal and metaphorical lubricant for mass murder. It facilitated performative masculinity, expressly linked to physical or sexual violence. Such inebriated exhibitions extended from meetings of top Nazi officials to the rank and file, celebrating at the grave sites of their victims. Westermann argues that, contrary to the common misconception of the SS and police as stone-cold killers, they were, in fact, intoxicated with the act of murder itself. Drunk on Genocide highlights the intersections of masculinity, drinking ritual, sexual violence, and mass murderTrade ReviewEdward B. Westermann has now produced a book that pays tribute to all strands of research while, at the same time, highlighting an element that will need to be included in all future considerations: the stimulation of the murderers through alcohol. * American Historical Review *Drunk on Genocide is an essential read, and one that offers considerable insights into the intimate relationship between ritualized intoxication, cults of masculinity, ideological antisemitism, and the mass murders in the bloodlands of the east. * EuropeNow *Westermann uses a wide variety of primary sources ranging from photos to diaries to interviews to understand the behaviors and beliefs of perpetrators. It is a remarkably challenging book to read. But a necessary one. * New Books Network *[Ed Westermann's work provides an invaluable insight into the mindset and mentality of the everyday executioners of the racial war in the east. * German History *Drawing on several decades of research into Nazi police battalions and comparative genocide, Westermann employs social, anthropological, and gender theories to create a framework that effectively analyzes the relationship between alcohol and mass murder. * Journal of Military History *Drunk on Genocide is a important and terryfing book that tackles a persistent question in the study of the Holocaust and World War II: how was it possible that the Germans killed so many people and behaved so brutally in the Soviet territory they invaded and occupied? * Slavic Review *Westermann's work is incredibly thoroughly researched with a rich amount of survivor testimony that gives voice to the victims. Drunk on Genocide is a compelling work with a well-researched argument. * The Middle Ground Journal *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Alcohol and the Masculine Ideal 2. Rituals of Humiliation 3. Taking Trophies and Hunting Jews 4. Alcohol and Sexual Violence 5. Celebrating Murder 6. Alcohol, Auxiliaries, and Mass Murder 7. Alcohol and the German Army Conclusion

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Book SynopsisHypocrisy and Human Rights examines what human rights pressure does when it does not work. Repressive states with absolutely no intention of complying with their human rights obligations often change course dramatically in response to international pressure. They create toothless commissions, permit but then obstruct international observers'' visits, and pass showpiece legislation while simultaneously bolstering their repressive capacity. Covering debates over transitional justice in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other countries, Kate Cronin-Furman investigates the diverse ways in which repressive states respond to calls for justice from human rights advocates, UN officials, and Western governments who add their voices to the victims of mass atrocities to demand accountability. She argues that although international pressure cannot elicit compliance in the absence of domestic motivations to comply, the complexity of tTrade ReviewNonetheless, the book is otherwise a concise yet comprehensive account of how states respond to international pressure when creating justice mechanisms. CroninFurman's analysis is an essential read for anyone wanting to understand both how human rights advocacy works and how civil society organizations should engage on the international stage when they seek to pressure governments to restore and preserve human rights. * International Affairs Book Reviews *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Politics of Pressure 2. The Obligation to Seek Justice 3. Victims and Perpetrators 4. What Happens after Mass Atrocities 5. Doing Just Enough? 6. Choosing your Audience Conclusion

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Book SynopsisPolitics, Violence, Memory highlights important new social scientific research on the Holocaust and initiates the integration of the Holocaust into mainstream social scientific research in a way that will be useful both for social scientists and historians. Until recently social scientists largely ignored the Holocaust despite the centrality of these tragic events to many of their own concepts and theories. In Politics, Violence, Memory the editors bring together contributions to understanding the Holocaust from a variety of disciplines, including political science, sociology, demography, and public health. The chapters examine the sources and measurement of antisemitism; explanations for collaboration, rescue, and survival; competing accounts of neighbor-on-neighbor violence; and the legacies of the Holocaust in contemporary Europe. Politics, Violence, Memory brings new data to bear on these important concerns and shows how older data can bTable of ContentsIntroduction: A Response Delayed 1. Can – Or Should – There Be a Political Science of the Holocaust? 2. Histories in Motion: The Holocaust, Social Science Research, and the Historian Part I: Sites of Violence 3. Pogrom Violence and Visibility during the Kristallnacht Pogrom 4. Historical Legacies and Jewish Survival Strategies during the Holocaust 5. A Common History of Violence? The Pogroms of Summer 1941 in Comparative Perspective 6. Mass Violence without Mass Politics: Political Culture and the Holocaust in Lithuania Part II: New Uses for Old Data on Antisemitism and the Holocaust 7. Territorial Loss and Xenophobia in the Weimar Republic: Evidence from Jewish Bogeymen in Children's Stories 8. Defeating Typhus in the Warsaw Ghetto: A Scientific Look at Historical Sources 9. Holocaust Survival among Immigrant Jews in the Netherlands: A Life Course Approach 10. Normalizing Violence: How Catholic Bishops Facilitated Vichy's Violence against Jews 11. Using the Yad Vashem Transport Database to Examine Gender and Selection during the Holocaust 12. Addressing the Missing Voices in Holocaust Testimony Part III: Legacies of the Holocaust 13. Remembering Past Atrocities: Good or Bad for Attitudes toward Minorities? 14. Legitimating Myths and the Holocaust in Postsocialist States 15. The International Relations of Holocaust Memory Conclusion: From the Micro to the Macro

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Book SynopsisIn To Save Heaven and Earth, Jennie E. Burnet considers people who risked their lives in the 1994 Rwandan genocide of Tutsi to try and save those targeted for killing. Many genocide perpetrators were not motivated by political ideology, ethnic hatred, or prejudice. By shifting away from these classic typologies of genocide studies and focusing instead on hundreds of thousands of discrete acts that unfold over time, Burnet highlights the ways that complex decisions and behaviors emerge in the social, political, and economic processes that constitute a genocide.To Save Heaven and Earth explores external factors, such as geography, local power dynamics, and genocide timelines, as well as the internal states of mind and motivations of those who effected rescues. Framed within the interdisciplinary scholarship of genocide studies and rooted in cultural anthropology methodologies, this book presents stories of heroism and of the good done amid theTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Dynamics of Violence in the Gray Zone 2. Agency and Morality in the Gray Zone 3. Muslim Exceptionalism and Genocide 4. Resistance, Rescue, and Religion 5. The Border as Salvation and Snare 6. At the Margins of the State 7. Altruism, Agency, and Martyrdom in the Gray Zone Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIn To Save Heaven and Earth, Jennie E. Burnet considers people who risked their lives in the 1994 Rwandan genocide of Tutsi to try and save those targeted for killing. Many genocide perpetrators were not motivated by political ideology, ethnic hatred, or prejudice. By shifting away from these classic typologies of genocide studies and focusing instead on hundreds of thousands of discrete acts that unfold over time, Burnet highlights the ways that complex decisions and behaviors emerge in the social, political, and economic processes that constitute a genocide.To Save Heaven and Earth explores external factors, such as geography, local power dynamics, and genocide timelines, as well as the internal states of mind and motivations of those who effected rescues. Framed within the interdisciplinary scholarship of genocide studies and rooted in cultural anthropology methodologies, this book presents stories of heroism and of the good done amid theTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Dynamics of Violence in the Gray Zone 2. Agency and Morality in the Gray Zone 3. Muslim Exceptionalism and Genocide 4. Resistance, Rescue, and Religion 5. The Border as Salvation and Snare 6. At the Margins of the State 7. Altruism, Agency, and Martyrdom in the Gray Zone Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIn Infrastructures of Impunity Elizabeth F. Drexler argues that the creation and persistence of impunity for the perpetrators of the Cold War Indonesian genocide (196566) is not only a legal status but also a cultural and social process. Impunity for the initial killings and for subsequent acts of political violence has many elements: bureaucratic, military, legal, political, educational, and affective. Although these elements do not always work at onceat times some are dormant while others are ascendanttogether they can be described as a unified entity, a dynamic infrastructure, whose existence explains the persistence of impunity. For instance, truth telling, a first step in many responses to state violence, did not undermine the infrastructure but instead bent to it. Creative and artistic responses to revelations about the past, however, have begun to undermine the infrastructure by countering its temporality, affect, and social stigmatization and demo

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Book SynopsisIn Infrastructures of Impunity Elizabeth F. Drexler argues that the creation and persistence of impunity for the perpetrators of the Cold War Indonesian genocide (196566) is not only a legal status but also a cultural and social process. Impunity for the initial killings and for subsequent acts of political violence has many elements: bureaucratic, military, legal, political, educational, and affective. Although these elements do not always work at onceat times some are dormant while others are ascendanttogether they can be described as a unified entity, a dynamic infrastructure, whose existence explains the persistence of impunity. For instance, truth telling, a first step in many responses to state violence, did not undermine the infrastructure but instead bent to it. Creative and artistic responses to revelations about the past, however, have begun to undermine the infrastructure by countering its temporality, affect, and social stigmatization and demo

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Book SynopsisA powerful examination of soulful journeys made to recover memory and recuperate stolen pasts in the face of unspeakable histories. Survivors of the Armenian Genocide of 1915 took refuge across the globe. Traumatized by unspeakable brutalities, the idea of returning to their homeland was unthinkable. But decades later, some children and grandchildren felt compelled to travel back, having heard stories of family wholeness in beloved homes and of cherished ancestral towns and villages once in Ottoman Armenia, today in the Republic of Turkey. Hoping to satisfy spiritual yearnings, this new generation called themselves pilgrims—and their journeys, pilgrimages. Carel Bertram joined scores of these pilgrims on over a dozen pilgrimages, and amassed accounts from hundreds more who made these journeys. In telling their stories, A House in the Homeland documents how pilgrims encountered the ancestral house, village, or town as both real and metaphorical centerpieces of family history. Bertram recounts the moving, restorative connections pilgrims made, and illuminates how the ancestral house, as a spiritual place, offers an opening to a wellspring of humanity in sites that might otherwise be defined solely by tragic loss. As an exploration of the powerful links between memory and place, house and homeland, rupture and continuity, these Armenian stories reflect the resilience of diaspora in the face of the savage reaches of trauma, separation, and exile in ways that each of us, whatever our history, can recognize.Trade Review"Original and engrossing, A House in the Homeland relates individual experiences that resonate with universal themes of family, trauma, and home. Carel Bertram's gifts of empathy and storytelling make for a book that is at once heartbreaking and inspiring. Essential for anyone interested in place, memory, and mass violence."—Heghnar Watenpaugh, author of The Missing Pages"Carel Bertram's engrossing and well-researched story of Armenian pilgrimages is of universal importance, resonating with all of us searching for our own personal history and our place within it. This book is not just important to Armenians, but valuable to anyone interested in understanding where their family comes from."—Esther Safran Foer, author of I Want You to Know We're Still Here"Deeply knowledgeable about memory, trauma, pilgrimage, and the sacred, Carel Bertram offers both scholarly expertise and an eloquent, moving narrative. A House in the Homeland illuminates the mutually transformative links between the lost pre-Genocide homes and current homelands of Armenian pilgrims. A truly wonderful book."—Khachig Tölölyan, founding editor of Diaspora"A House in the Homeland speaks to a pressing concern for many Armenians: How to sustain memory of an event that is difficult to trace on its landscape, and which is officially denied by its perpetrator. Bertram has shown that the gap between historical fact and material evidence can be spanned by memorialization and pilgrimage, by witness and dialogue, and for her interlocutors, by keeping their ancestors alive through their family memory-stories."—Aram G. Sarkisian, Material Religion"A House in the Homeland is a remarkable book that offers a unique insight into the thoughts, feelings and deeds of the Armenian genocide survivors and their descendants – the people who have lived their lives in the shade of tragic events that more than a century ago changed the course of Armenian history. Bertram tells a passionate story that engages a reader emotionally as well as intellectually. Skillfully written, her work is highly informative but, at the same time, leaves a reader wanting more – more precious stories of human courage, perseverance, search for meaning and the power of memory."—Konrad Siekierski, Memory Studies"This moving ethnographic study documents Armenian Americans' pilgrimages to eastern Turkey to visit the sites where their ancestors experienced the traumas of the 1915 genocide by Turkish authorities and the related attempts to erase Armenian identity from Turkish society....Including histories, songs, poetry, literature, and personal memories—many originally in Armenian, Kurdish, and Turkish—this enthralling book shares these travelers' stories as they explore their 'Armenian-ness'.... Highly recommended."—V. Clement, CHOICETable of ContentsIntroduction: Where Memory Takes Place 1. The Family Mansion 2. An Erased Village and an Inhabited House 3. The House and Its Sacred Geography 4. Music as Sacred Memory and the Intrusion of the Profane 5. The House-Place and Memory-Stories 6. The Emergence of Rituals 7. Relics: Engaging the Spirits 8. Communion: A Unification of Souls 9. Sacred and Profane: A Poetic Encounter 10. Votives: For Reaching Home 11. Votives: For the Restoration of Something Lost 12. Ex-Votos: Gratitude 13. Shrines: Making Visible the Invisible 14. Blessings: At My Father's House 15. Homeland Music Performs the Village 16. Village Music Performs the Homeland 17. The Bus: Traveling Through a Trauma-scape 18. The Bus: Traveling as Wholeness 19. What Remains: "The Last Armenian" 20. What Remains: Armenians "Everywhere" 21. What Remains: A Homeland of Mirrors Conclusion: Conclusion: Ethnography as Methodology; Poetry as an Analytical Framework

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Book SynopsisA powerful examination of soulful journeys made to recover memory and recuperate stolen pasts in the face of unspeakable histories. Survivors of the Armenian Genocide of 1915 took refuge across the globe. Traumatized by unspeakable brutalities, the idea of returning to their homeland was unthinkable. But decades later, some children and grandchildren felt compelled to travel back, having heard stories of family wholeness in beloved homes and of cherished ancestral towns and villages once in Ottoman Armenia, today in the Republic of Turkey. Hoping to satisfy spiritual yearnings, this new generation called themselves pilgrims—and their journeys, pilgrimages. Carel Bertram joined scores of these pilgrims on over a dozen pilgrimages, and amassed accounts from hundreds more who made these journeys. In telling their stories, A House in the Homeland documents how pilgrims encountered the ancestral house, village, or town as both real and metaphorical centerpieces of family history. Bertram recounts the moving, restorative connections pilgrims made, and illuminates how the ancestral house, as a spiritual place, offers an opening to a wellspring of humanity in sites that might otherwise be defined solely by tragic loss. As an exploration of the powerful links between memory and place, house and homeland, rupture and continuity, these Armenian stories reflect the resilience of diaspora in the face of the savage reaches of trauma, separation, and exile in ways that each of us, whatever our history, can recognize.Trade Review"Original and engrossing, A House in the Homeland relates individual experiences that resonate with universal themes of family, trauma, and home. Carel Bertram's gifts of empathy and storytelling make for a book that is at once heartbreaking and inspiring. Essential for anyone interested in place, memory, and mass violence."—Heghnar Watenpaugh, author of The Missing Pages"Carel Bertram's engrossing and well-researched story of Armenian pilgrimages is of universal importance, resonating with all of us searching for our own personal history and our place within it. This book is not just important to Armenians, but valuable to anyone interested in understanding where their family comes from."—Esther Safran Foer, author of I Want You to Know We're Still Here"Deeply knowledgeable about memory, trauma, pilgrimage, and the sacred, Carel Bertram offers both scholarly expertise and an eloquent, moving narrative. A House in the Homeland illuminates the mutually transformative links between the lost pre-Genocide homes and current homelands of Armenian pilgrims. A truly wonderful book."—Khachig Tölölyan, founding editor of Diaspora"A House in the Homeland speaks to a pressing concern for many Armenians: How to sustain memory of an event that is difficult to trace on its landscape, and which is officially denied by its perpetrator. Bertram has shown that the gap between historical fact and material evidence can be spanned by memorialization and pilgrimage, by witness and dialogue, and for her interlocutors, by keeping their ancestors alive through their family memory-stories."—Aram G. Sarkisian, Material Religion"A House in the Homeland is a remarkable book that offers a unique insight into the thoughts, feelings and deeds of the Armenian genocide survivors and their descendants – the people who have lived their lives in the shade of tragic events that more than a century ago changed the course of Armenian history. Bertram tells a passionate story that engages a reader emotionally as well as intellectually. Skillfully written, her work is highly informative but, at the same time, leaves a reader wanting more – more precious stories of human courage, perseverance, search for meaning and the power of memory."—Konrad Siekierski, Memory Studies"This moving ethnographic study documents Armenian Americans' pilgrimages to eastern Turkey to visit the sites where their ancestors experienced the traumas of the 1915 genocide by Turkish authorities and the related attempts to erase Armenian identity from Turkish society....Including histories, songs, poetry, literature, and personal memories—many originally in Armenian, Kurdish, and Turkish—this enthralling book shares these travelers' stories as they explore their 'Armenian-ness'.... Highly recommended."—V. Clement, CHOICETable of ContentsIntroduction: Where Memory Takes Place 1. The Family Mansion 2. An Erased Village and an Inhabited House 3. The House and Its Sacred Geography 4. Music as Sacred Memory and the Intrusion of the Profane 5. The House-Place and Memory-Stories 6. The Emergence of Rituals 7. Relics: Engaging the Spirits 8. Communion: A Unification of Souls 9. Sacred and Profane: A Poetic Encounter 10. Votives: For Reaching Home 11. Votives: For the Restoration of Something Lost 12. Ex-Votos: Gratitude 13. Shrines: Making Visible the Invisible 14. Blessings: At My Father's House 15. Homeland Music Performs the Village 16. Village Music Performs the Homeland 17. The Bus: Traveling Through a Trauma-scape 18. The Bus: Traveling as Wholeness 19. What Remains: "The Last Armenian" 20. What Remains: Armenians "Everywhere" 21. What Remains: A Homeland of Mirrors Conclusion: Conclusion: Ethnography as Methodology; Poetry as an Analytical Framework

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Book SynopsisA Times Literary Supplement Book of the YearA riveting account of a forgotten holocaust: the slaughter of over one hundred thousand Ukrainian Jews in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution. In the Midst of Civilized Europe repositions the pogroms as a defining moment of the twentieth century.'Exhaustive, clearly written, deeply researched' – The Times'A meticulous, original and deeply affecting historical account' – Philippe Sands, author of East West StreetBetween 1918 and 1921, over a hundred thousand Jews were murdered in Ukraine by peasants, townsmen, and soldiers who blamed the Jews for the turmoil of the Russian Revolution. In hundreds of separate incidents, ordinary people robbed their Jewish neighbors with impunity, burned down their houses, ripped apart their Torah scrolls, sexually assaulted them, and killed them. Largely forgotten today, these pogroms – ethnic riots – dominated headlines and international affairs in their time. Aid workers warned that six million Jews were in danger of complete extermination. Twenty years later, these dire predictions would come true.Drawing upon long-neglected archival materials, including thousands of newly discovered witness testimonies, trial records, and official orders, acclaimed historian Jeffrey Veidlinger shows for the first time how this wave of genocidal violence created the conditions for the Holocaust. Through stories of survivors, perpetrators, aid workers, and governmental officials, he explains how so many different groups of people came to the same conclusion: that killing Jews was an acceptable response to their various problems.Trade ReviewVeidlinger’s book ranks alongside Timothy Snyder’s Bloodlands in forcing our eyes eastwards. It is deeply researched and masterfully written, with a cool restraint that only intensifies its power. It reminded me of Faulkner’s line that “the past is never dead. It’s not even past.” -- Patrick Bishop * Sunday Telegraph *[An] exhaustive, clearly written, deeply researched story of events in a time and place most of us know nearly nothing about - the pogroms of 1918-21 in Ukraine and Poland . . . [an] imortant and scholalry book. -- David Aaronovitch * The Times *We now know much more about the pogroms of 1918–21 because of Veidlinger’s painstaking research . . . he has succeeded in shining a bright scholarly light on a much less well-known attempt to exterminate European Jews two decades before the Holocaust. In its thoroughness and controlled passion, In the Midst of Civilized Europe is descriptive history at its best. -- David N Myers * Literary Review *Superbly researched . . . Jeffrey Veidlinger askes big historical questions that will change our understanding of the relation between pogroms immediately after the First World War and the Holocaust, barely twenty years later. -- David Herman * TLS *Revelatory . . . Veidlinger’s crisp prose and extensive research makes the scale of the tragedy immediate and devastating. This is a vital addition to understanding how the Holocaust happened. * Publishers Weekly *Chilling . . . unequivocal . . . A vital history that draws a direct line from Eastern European antisemitic violence to the Holocaust. * Kirkus Reviews *The mass killings of Jews from 1918 to 1921 are a bridge between local pogroms and the extermination of the Holocaust. No history of that Jewish catastrophe comes close to the virtuosity of research, clarity of prose, and power of analysis of this extraordinary book. As the horror of events yields to empathetic understanding, the reader is grateful to Veidlinger for reminding us what history can do. -- Timothy Snyder, author of BloodlandsThis brilliant account of the bloody pogroms, which were perpetrated in Ukraine during the Russian Revolution, represents an important advance on a neglected subject, and is more than welcome. The author's thesis on links to subsequent events gives serious food for thought. -- Norman Davies, author of God's Playground, Europe: A History and Vanished KingdomsA work of singular importance: a meticulous, original and deeply affecting historical account, one that provides new insights into the conditions that catalyzed mass-murder on an industrial scale. -- Philippe Sands, author of East West StreetIn this extraordinary work Veidlinger disinters a largely forgotten history of tragic and portentous dimensions. Compelling and well-written, the book will find a broad audience. This is a story that needs to be told. -- Ronald Grigor Suny, author of Stalin: Passage to RevolutionIn this deeply learned but highly readable book, Veidlinger demonstrates how the all-but-forgotten pogroms in the collapsing Russian Empire in 1918–21 set precedents for the horrors that were to follow just two decades later. -- Zvi Gitelman, author of A Century of Ambivalence

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Book SynopsisA Times Literary Supplement Book of the YearA riveting account of a forgotten holocaust: the slaughter of over one hundred thousand Ukrainian Jews in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution. In the Midst of Civilized Europe repositions the pogroms as a defining moment of the twentieth century.‘Exhaustive, clearly written, deeply researched’ - The Times‘A meticulous, original and deeply affecting historical account’ - Philippe Sands, author of East West StreetBetween 1918 and 1921, over a hundred thousand Jews were murdered in Ukraine by peasants, townsmen, and soldiers who blamed the Jews for the turmoil of the Russian Revolution. In hundreds of separate incidents, ordinary people robbed their Jewish neighbours with impunity, burned down their houses, ripped apart their Torah scrolls, sexually assaulted them, and killed them. Largely forgotten today, these pogroms – ethnic riots – dominated headlines and international affairs in their time. Aid workers warned that six million Jews were in danger of complete extermination. Twenty years later, these dire predictions would come true.Drawing upon long-neglected archival materials, including thousands of newly discovered witness testimonies, trial records, and official orders, acclaimed historian Jeffrey Veidlinger shows for the first time how this wave of genocidal violence created the conditions for the Holocaust. Through stories of survivors, perpetrators, aid workers, and governmental officials, he explains how so many different groups of people came to the same conclusion: that killing Jews was an acceptable response to their various problems.Trade ReviewVeidlinger’s book ranks alongside Timothy Snyder’s Bloodlands in forcing our eyes eastwards. It is deeply researched and masterfully written, with a cool restraint that only intensifies its power. It reminded me of Faulkner’s line that “the past is never dead. It’s not even past.” -- Patrick Bishop * The Sunday Telegraph *[An] exhaustive, clearly written, deeply researched story of events in a time and place most of us know nearly nothing about - the pogroms of 1918-21 in Ukraine and Poland . . . [an] imortant and scholalry book. -- David Aaronovitch * The Times *We now know much more about the pogroms of 1918–21 because of Veidlinger’s painstaking research . . . he has succeeded in shining a bright scholarly light on a much less well-known attempt to exterminate European Jews two decades before the Holocaust. In its thoroughness and controlled passion, In the Midst of Civilized Europe is descriptive history at its best. -- David N Myers * Literary Review *Superbly researched . . . Jeffrey Veidlinger askes big historical questions that will change our understanding of the relation between pogroms immediately after the First World War and the Holocaust, barely twenty years later. -- David Herman * TLS *Revelatory . . . Veidlinger’s crisp prose and extensive research makes the scale of the tragedy immediate and devastating. This is a vital addition to understanding how the Holocaust happened. * Publishers Weekly *Chilling . . . unequivocal . . . A vital history that draws a direct line from Eastern European antisemitic violence to the Holocaust. * Kirkus Reviews *No history of that Jewish catastrophe comes close to the virtuosity of research, clarity of prose, and power of analysis of this extraordinary book. -- Timothy Snyder, author of BloodlandsThis brilliant account of the bloody pogroms, which were perpetrated in Ukraine during the Russian Revolution, represents an important advance on a neglected subject. -- Norman Davies, author of God's Playground, Europe: A History and Vanished KingdomsA work of singular importance: a meticulous, original and deeply affecting historical account, one that provides new insights into the conditions that catalyzed mass-murder on an industrial scale. -- Philippe Sands, author of East West StreetCompelling and well-written, the book will find a broad audience. This is a story that needs to be told. -- Ronald Grigor Suny, author of Stalin: Passage to RevolutionIn this deeply learned but highly readable book, Veidlinger demonstrates how the all-but-forgotten pogroms in the collapsing Russian Empire in 1918–21 set precedents for the horrors that were to follow just two decades later. -- Zvi Gitelman, author of A Century of Ambivalence

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Book SynopsisThe first account of one of the world’s most pressing humanitarian catastrophes.This eye-opening book reveals how China has used the US-led Global War on Terror as cover for its increasingly brutal suppression of the Uyghur people. China’s actions, it argues, have emboldened states around the globe to persecute ethnic minorities and severely repress domestic opposition in the name of combatting terrorism.Within weeks of the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington, the Chinese government announced that it faced a serious terrorist threat from its largely Muslim Uyghur ethnic minority. Nearly two decades later, of the 11 million Uyghurs living in China today, more than 1 million have been detained in so-called re-education camps, victims of what has become the largest program of mass incarceration and surveillance in the world.Drawing on extensive interviews with Uyghurs in Xinjiang, as well as refugee communities and exiles, Sean Roberts tells a story that is not just about state policies, but about Uyghur responses to these devastating government programs. Providing a lucid and far-reaching analysis of China’s cultural genocide, The War on the Uyghurs allows the voices of those caught up in the human tragedy to be heard for the first time.Trade Review‘This book should act as a wake-up call for policy-makers worldwide. Armed with the piercing and detailed analysis of the recent past in East Turkistan, and the graphic accounts of the present, no one has any further excuse for failing to grasp the full reality of the human tragedy that is taking place. Roberts de-mystifies the background, debunks the false excuses of the Chinese state, and presents the reality of the persecution unfolding before our eyes. None of us can afford to look away.’ Ben Emmerson QC, Former UN Special Rapporteur on Counter-Terrorism ‘Sean Roberts has done an immense service for all those who need to put headlines about Chinese repression of Uyghurs in recent years in proper context. Describing how the rhetoric and practices of the “Global War on Terror” since 2001 have led to the mass internment, persecution, and surveillance of the population, Sean Roberts shows that the Chinese campaign has chillingly aimed at nothing less than the destruction of Uyghur identity. This account is masterful, educational, and enraging by turns.’ Samuel Moyn, Professor of Law and History, Yale University, and author of Not Enough: Human Rights in an Unequal World ‘This is the back story behind one of the biggest stories in China – the incarceration of more than one million Uyghurs in a dystopian network of what are claimed to be reeducation camps. Who the Uyghurs are and how they came to be classified as terrorists is a story authoritatively told by Sean Roberts, who has spent three decades studying the Uyghurs and speaks the language. The publication of The War on the Uyghurs could not be more timely.’ Barbara Demick, former Beijing bureau chief, Los Angeles Times, and author of Nothing to Envy ‘In this highly readable account, Sean Roberts provides essential historical background to the Chinese Communist Party’s “Cultural Revolution” against the Uyghurs. Distinguished by his ability to read and speak the Uyghur language, Roberts challenges global terrorism experts, who failed to interrogate the Chinese government assertion that it was combating an international terrorism threat not an anti-colonial struggle.’ Lindsey Hilsum, Channel 4 News, author of In Extremis: the Life of War Correspondent Marie Colvin ‘I first came across the Uyghurs in Guantanamo Bay, where they were guilty of no more than fleeing Chinese repression across the closest border into Afghanistan. It is a sad truth that our American “War on Terror” has given licence to repressive regimes around the world to behave even worse, as Sean Roberts lucidly describes in detailing the tragedy of the Uyghurs.’ Clive Stafford Smith, Human Rights lawyer and founder of the charity Reprieve ‘Sophisticated, nuanced, and deeply informed. Sean Roberts offers broad insights into the ways the “Global War on Terror” has enabled authoritarian regimes around the world to repress minority populations.’ Michael Clarke, Associate Professor, National Security College, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, and author of Xinjiang and China’s Rise in Central Asia: A History ‘Sean Roberts provides a comprehensive explanation for the current arbitrary mass detention of Uyghurs in China, an issue of global geopolitical significance. His book will likely become a standard reference for students on this topic.’ Max Oidtmann, author of Forging the Golden Urn: The Qing Empire and the Politics of Reincarnation in Tibet ‘A detailed, well-researched study of the ways in which the Xinjiang region in contemporary China has been linked with global terrorism by the central government, justifying extensive repressive measures. Sean Roberts offers a critique, and an indictment, of Beijing’s approach. Sobering and thought-provoking.’ Kerry Brown, Professor of Chinese Studies and Director, Lau China Institute, King’s College London ‘Giving voice to the Uyghurs themselves and drawing attention to this crisis, The War on the Uyghurs is striking, empathetic and deeply informative. Providing detail that only an expert can offer, Roberts documents what is perhaps today’s worst tragedy. Ultimately, Roberts’s contribution serves as a vital testament to the Chinese government’s strategic brutality in Xinjiang, the Uyghurs’ perilous position and the world’s failure to live up to its promise of ‘never again.’’ LSE Review of Books ‘Timely and important.’ The Times Literary Supplement ‘Roberts provides fascinating new details…revealing that organized Uighur militancy is almost entirely illusory.’ Foreign Affairs ‘Roberts’s analysis of the interaction between China’s settler colonialism and indigenous Uyghur resistance over the past ten years is far richer than what has been offered anywhere else. This is an extremely timely book, and badly needed.’ Rian Thum, author of The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History ‘A carefully researched study of Beijing’s repression in Xinjiang.’ Financial Times -- .Table of ContentsMap: Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous RegionForeword by Ben EmmersonPrefaceIntroduction1 Colonialism, 1759-20012 How the Uyghurs became a 'terrorist threat'3 Myths and realities of the alleged 'terrorist threat' associated with Uyghurs4 Colonialism meets counterterrorism, 2002-20125 The self-fulfilling prophecy and the ‘People’s War on Terror,’ 2013-20166 Cultural genocide, 2017-2020ConclusionA note on methodologyTransliteration and place namesList of figuresList of abbreviationsAcknowledgmentsNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisThe Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is the site of the largest mass repression of an ethnic and/or religious minority in the world today. Researchers estimate that since 2016 one million people have been detained there without trial. In the detention centres individuals are exposed to deeply invasive forms of surveillance and psychological stress, while outside them more than ten million Turkic Muslim minorities are subjected to a network of hi-tech surveillance systems, checkpoints and interpersonal monitoring. Existing reportage and commentary on the crisis tend to address these issues in isolation, but this ground-breaking volume brings them together, exploring the interconnections between the core strands of the Xinjiang emergency in order to generate a more accurate understanding of the mass detentions’ significance for the future of President Xi Jinping’s China.Table of Contents1 Framing the Xinjiang emergency: colonialism and settler colonialism as pathways to cultural genocide?– Michael ClarkePart I: Context2 Echoes from the past: repression in the Uyghur region now and then – Sandrine Catris3 The Kashgar Dangerous House Reform Program: social engineering, ‘a rebirth of the nation’ and a significant building block in China’s creeping genocide – Anna Hayes 4 Settler colonialism in the name of counterterrorism: of ‘savages’ and ‘terrorists’ – Sean R. RobertsPart II: Discourses and practices of repression5 Pathology, inducement and mass incarcerations of Xinjiang’s ‘targeted population’ – Timothy A. Grose and James Leibold6 Two-faced: Turkic Muslim camp workers, subjection and active witnessing – Darren Byler7Corrective ‘re-education’ as (cultural) genocide: a content analysis of the Uyghur primary school textbook Til-Ädäbiyat (2018, rev. 1st ed) – Dilmurat Mahmut and Joanne Smith Finley8 Predatory biopolitics: organ harvesting and other means of monetizing Uyghur ‘surplus’ – Matthew P. Robertson Part III: Domestic and international implications9 ‘Round the clock, three dimensional control’: the evolution and implications of the ‘Xinjiang mode’ of counterterrorism – Michael Clarke10 The effect of Xinjiang’s virtual lockdown on the Uyghur diaspora – Ablimit Baki Elterish11 ‘Window of opportunity’: the Xinjiang emergency in China’s ‘new type of international relations’ – David TobinIndex

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Book SynopsisThe first account of one of the world’s most pressing humanitarian catastrophes.This eye-opening book reveals how China has used the US-led Global War on Terror as cover for its increasingly brutal suppression of the Uyghur people. China’s actions, it argues, have emboldened states around the globe to persecute ethnic minorities and severely repress domestic opposition in the name of combatting terrorism.Within weeks of the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington, the Chinese government announced that it faced a serious terrorist threat from its largely Muslim Uyghur ethnic minority. Nearly two decades later, of the 11 million Uyghurs living in China today, more than 1 million have been detained in so-called re-education camps, victims of what has become the largest program of mass incarceration and surveillance in the world.Drawing on extensive interviews with Uyghurs in Xinjiang, as well as refugee communities and exiles, Sean Roberts tells a story that is not just about state policies, but about Uyghur responses to these devastating government programs. Providing a lucid and far-reaching analysis of China’s cultural genocide, The War on the Uyghurs allows the voices of those caught up in the human tragedy to be heard for the first time.Trade Review‘This book should act as a wake-up call for policy-makers worldwide. Armed with the piercing and detailed analysis of the recent past in East Turkistan, and the graphic accounts of the present, no one has any further excuse for failing to grasp the full reality of the human tragedy that is taking place. Roberts de-mystifies the background, debunks the false excuses of the Chinese state, and presents the reality of the persecution unfolding before our eyes. None of us can afford to look away.’ Ben Emmerson QC, Former UN Special Rapporteur on Counter-Terrorism ‘Sean Roberts has done an immense service for all those who need to put headlines about Chinese repression of Uyghurs in recent years in proper context. Describing how the rhetoric and practices of the “Global War on Terror” since 2001 have led to the mass internment, persecution, and surveillance of the population, Sean Roberts shows that the Chinese campaign has chillingly aimed at nothing less than the destruction of Uyghur identity. This account is masterful, educational, and enraging by turns.’ Samuel Moyn, Professor of Law and History, Yale University, and author of Not Enough: Human Rights in an Unequal World ‘This is the back story behind one of the biggest stories in China – the incarceration of more than one million Uyghurs in a dystopian network of what are claimed to be reeducation camps. Who the Uyghurs are and how they came to be classified as terrorists is a story authoritatively told by Sean Roberts, who has spent three decades studying the Uyghurs and speaks the language. The publication of The War on the Uyghurs could not be more timely.’ Barbara Demick, former Beijing bureau chief, Los Angeles Times, and author of Nothing to Envy ‘In this highly readable account, Sean Roberts provides essential historical background to the Chinese Communist Party’s “Cultural Revolution” against the Uyghurs. Distinguished by his ability to read and speak the Uyghur language, Roberts challenges global terrorism experts, who failed to interrogate the Chinese government assertion that it was combating an international terrorism threat not an anti-colonial struggle.’ Lindsey Hilsum, Channel 4 News, author of In Extremis: the Life of War Correspondent Marie Colvin ‘I first came across the Uyghurs in Guantanamo Bay, where they were guilty of no more than fleeing Chinese repression across the closest border into Afghanistan. It is a sad truth that our American “War on Terror” has given licence to repressive regimes around the world to behave even worse, as Sean Roberts lucidly describes in detailing the tragedy of the Uyghurs.’ Clive Stafford Smith, Human Rights lawyer and founder of the charity Reprieve ‘Sophisticated, nuanced, and deeply informed. Sean Roberts offers broad insights into the ways the “Global War on Terror” has enabled authoritarian regimes around the world to repress minority populations.’ Michael Clarke, Associate Professor, National Security College, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, and author of Xinjiang and China’s Rise in Central Asia: A History ‘Sean Roberts provides a comprehensive explanation for the current arbitrary mass detention of Uyghurs in China, an issue of global geopolitical significance. His book will likely become a standard reference for students on this topic.’ Max Oidtmann, author of Forging the Golden Urn: The Qing Empire and the Politics of Reincarnation in Tibet ‘A detailed, well-researched study of the ways in which the Xinjiang region in contemporary China has been linked with global terrorism by the central government, justifying extensive repressive measures. Sean Roberts offers a critique, and an indictment, of Beijing’s approach. Sobering and thought-provoking.’ Kerry Brown, Professor of Chinese Studies and Director, Lau China Institute, King’s College London ‘Giving voice to the Uyghurs themselves and drawing attention to this crisis, The War on the Uyghurs is striking, empathetic and deeply informative. Providing detail that only an expert can offer, Roberts documents what is perhaps today’s worst tragedy. Ultimately, Roberts’s contribution serves as a vital testament to the Chinese government’s strategic brutality in Xinjiang, the Uyghurs’ perilous position and the world’s failure to live up to its promise of ‘never again.’’ LSE Review of Books ‘Timely and important.’ The Times Literary Supplement ‘Roberts provides fascinating new details…revealing that organized Uighur militancy is almost entirely illusory.’ Foreign Affairs ‘Roberts’s analysis of the interaction between China’s settler colonialism and indigenous Uyghur resistance over the past ten years is far richer than what has been offered anywhere else. This is an extremely timely book, and badly needed.’ Rian Thum, author of The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History ‘A carefully researched study of Beijing’s repression in Xinjiang.’ Financial Times -- .Table of ContentsMap: Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous RegionForeword by Ben EmmersonPrefaceIntroduction1 Colonialism, 1759-20012 How the Uyghurs became a 'terrorist threat'3 Myths and realities of the alleged 'terrorist threat' associated with Uyghurs4 Colonialism meets counterterrorism, 2002-20125 The self-fulfilling prophecy and the ‘People’s War on Terror,’ 2013-20166 Cultural genocide, 2017-2020ConclusionA note on methodologyTransliteration and place namesList of figuresList of abbreviationsAcknowledgmentsNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisWhen the wagons of the Voortrekkers - the Boers, those hardy descendants of the Dutch - moved into the southern African interior in 1836, on the Great Trek, their epic journey to escape British control at the Cape, the wheels of their wagons crunched over carpets of skeletons of those slain in the Mfecane. The years 1815 to 1840 were probably the most devastating and violent period of South Africa's turbulent history. The Mfecane (Zulu) or Difaqane (Sotho) was a result of many factors including internecine conflict among the Zulu tribes themselves. Faced with the wrath of the great King Shaka, Mzilikazi (The Road) fled with his followers, who became the Matabele, cutting a swathe of destruction, pillage and genocide across southern Africa from the land of the Zulu (KwaZulu-Natal today) to the Highveld in the north. New alliances and allegiances were forged as refugees fled from the path of the rampaging Mzilikazi, leading to the creation of new nations and alliances between the arriving Voortrekkers and the enemies of the Matabele. Finally defeated in 1836 by the Voortrekkers in a nine-day battle, Mzilikazi crossed the Limpopo River and founded the kingdom of the Matabele in what is now Zimbabwe.

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Book SynopsisCrammed into cattle trucks and deported to camps, shot and buried in mass graves, or force-marched to death, over 1.5 million Armenians were murdered by the Turkish state, twenty years before the start of Hitler's Holocaust. The United States' government called it a crime against humanity and Turkey was condemned by Russia, France and Great Britain. But two decades later the genocide had been conveniently forgotten. Hitler justified his Polish death squads by asking in 1939: 'Who after all is today speaking about the destruction of the Armenians?' Armenian Genocide is a new, gripping account that tells the story of the 'Megh Yeghern' - the Great Crime - against the Armenians through the stories of the men and women who died, the few who survived, and the diplomats who tried to intervene.

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Book SynopsisIn June 1941, Adolf Hitler, whose loathing of Slavs and Jewish Bolsheviks knew no bounds, launched Operation Barbarossa, throwing 4 million troops, supported by tanks, artillery and aircraft into the Soviet Union. Operational groups of the German Security Service, SD, followed into the Baltic and the Black Sea areas. Their orders: neutralize elements hostile to Nazi domination. Combined SS and SD headquarters were set up in Riga (northern), Mogilev (middle) and Kiev (southern), each with subordinate units of the SD, the Einsatzgruppen, and lower echelons of Einsatzkommandos. Communist and Soviet NKVD (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs) agents were targeted, and from August 1941 to March 1943, 4,000 Soviet and communist agents were arrested and executed. In addition, far greater numbers of partisans and communists were shot to ensure political and ethnic purity in the occupied territories. Einsatzgruppe A, under Adolf Eichmann, executed 29,000 people-listed as 'Jews' or 'mostly Jews'-in Latvia and Lithuania in the early stages of the operation. In the Einsatzgruppe C report for September 1941, there is a comment, '50,000 executions �foreseen� in Kiev'. In five months in 1941, Einsatzkommando III commander, Karl Jager, reported killing 138,272 (48,252 men, 55,556 women and 34,464 children). The Einsatzgruppen were death squads-their tools the rifle, the pistol and the machine gun. It is estimated that the Einsatzgruppen executed more than 2 million people between 1941 and 1945, including 1.3 million Jews.

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Book SynopsisSet in the South and Southeast Region, this book attempts to analyse the implications of both genocides perpetrated on the unarmed Rohingya minority community in Myanmar, and the geopolitics of the powers of the region that deter the resolution of this festering problem. The book highlights the helplessness of the UN system to take any punitive actions against the perpetrators (ie: the security forces of Myanmar) given that China, India and Russia, who are taking the side of Myanmar for geopolitical reasons. They have exercised their vetoes at the UNSC to such an action. The book describes the key players in this region, their interests, compulsions and imperatives, and covers different strategies launched by the United States, China, India, Japan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar that tend to stall the resolution of the process or even refusing to take back the Rohingya refugees -- 1.1 million of them including children and women -- now languishing in the cramped camps inside Bangladesh. Most of these refugees were forced to flee their ancestral homes after a ghastly genocide meted out to them in October 2017. Such massacres have been taking place in a series of violence starting from 1977-8. This issue has huge regional security implications. The ugly heads of insurgency are also looming large. This has turned out to be a huge burden on the economy and environment of Bangladesh. However, different donor agencies including UNHCR are providing relief and rehabilitation. The author provides ramifications and reflections in the form of scenario development and suggesting certain options -- uniqueness of this book -- on this festering humanitarian issue.Table of ContentsList of Figures; List of Abbreviations; Introduction; Organization of the Book; Background History of the Rohingyas in Arakan: From the Kingdom of Arakan to the Colonial Era; Relevant Burmese Modern History; To Define the Rohingya Problem; Strategic Significance of the Area; 1974 Constitution: A Turning Event in Myanmar History?; Role of the Monks; What Genocide/Crime against Humanity/Ethnic Cleansing Entails; Can the International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecute the Perpetrators? 91; Geopolitics Involved; Possibility of Local Insurgency Getting Entrenched; Possibility of Rohingya Going back to Myanmar this Time Round; Plight of Bangladesh in Sheltering the Rohingyas; Scenario Development; Suggestions: Few Doable; References; About the Author; Index.

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