Gender studies: women and girls Books

Book SynopsisAn Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and through Knowledge Unlatched.Save the Womanhood is a fascinating new history about promiscuity, prostitution and the efforts of local social purists to ‘save’ working-class women from themselves. The book examines how the work of the Liverpool Vigilance Association was supplemented by others, such as the Women Police Patrols, the Liverpool House of Help and the local branch of the Catholic Women’s League. It argues that though these organizations helped many lost and stranded women, their work also enacted a form of moral surveillance on the streets. As such, the book uncovers how important twentieth-century anxieties about changing sexual practices, female immigration, white slavery and the rise of new consumer cultures played out at local level and with what consequences for women in Liverpool. The book also brings together a wide range of local and national sources to show that when female-run, local organizations concerned about immorality went into decline in the post-war years, it was because official institutions and local law enforcement had increasingly taken up their cause. Consequently, Save the Womanhood argues that young, working-class women who travelled through Liverpool in search of work and adventure continued to arouse moral anxiety even as the city’s social purists battled to maintain their influence.Trade ReviewReviews 'A fascinating book with rich, insightful material.' Dr Charlotte Wildman, University of Manchester‘This is a very well-written, focused and insightful analysis.’ Helen Glew, Cercles 'Samantha Caslin... presents a compelling insight into the work of social purity and moral welfare groups in Liverpool during the twentieth century... This is an insightful and valuable addition to the field of study concerned with the sexual and moral policing of working-class women.'Sarah Watson, HSLC

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Book SynopsisA ‘good woman’ is hard to find. To be ‘good’, after all, women face expectations that are shifting, internally contradictory, emotionally extreme, and prospectively even deadly. To be divergent, on the other hand, is an expansive position, encompassing cackling witches, childfree women, struggling mothers, insecure teenagers, and persecuted innocents. Exploring divergent women from a variety of critical and creative perspectives, this edited collection puts forth a dialogic discussion of how non-conforming women are coded as ‘evil’, and asks, what happens when women choose to be divergent? Delving into reflective and auto-ethnographic perspectives which explore subjective responses to the influence of the representation and treatment of evil women, Divergent Women is ultimately a celebratory reclamation of the concept of feminine transgression. Featuring perspectives from North Korea to Victorian England, from Biblical to digital narratives, this boundary breaking text demonstrates that divergent women have complex inner lives, agencies, and a unique ability to inspire other women to resist social sanctions. Encompassing global perspectives and bringing together artistic and academic work, the authors invite readers to explore the possibilities for divergence that exist under the label of womanhood.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction: Grasping the Broomstick, Cutting the Umbilical Cord; Lorraine Rumson and Abby Bentham Section I. Maiden Chapter 2. Portrait of the Monster as a Young Girl – An Interactive Dialogue; Simmone Howell and Bec Kavanagh Chapter 3. Spiteful Spirits: Projection and Blaming in Women’s Lives and Mother-Daughter Narratives; Moy McCrory Chapter 4. Witch Hunt: The Media’s Obsession With One Infamous Canadian; Jane Barker Section II. Mother Chapter 5. The Paradox of Female Villainy in Mary Robinson’s Walsingham and Charlotte Smith’s The Young Philosopher; Tammy Dalldorf and Sylvia Tloti Chapter 6. Resubjectivation of the Female Voice in Eunsung Kim’s My Mother’s Story; Soonbae Kim Chapter 7. Off With Their Wombs! Cultural Representations of Women’s Rebellion Against Motherhood; Elif Çakmak and Lorraine Rumson Chapter 8. Beyond Mandatory Motherhood: How Childfree Women Use Digital Spaces to Redefine Womanhood; Sam George-Allen Section III. Crone Chapter 9. All About Snow White's Mother; Naomi Govreen Chapter 10. Forgiving European Witches: The Case for Pardons and Memorials; Catherine Jenkins

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Book SynopsisChelsea FC have enjoyed unprecedented success in England and Europe since Roman Abramovich arrived in 2003. The men's team has set a phenomenally high benchmark, which the Chelsea women's team now aims to follow. Club director Marina Granovskaia has one overarching mission: to replicate the men's team model and transform Chelsea Women into a European powerhouse - a side to rival the acknowledged queens of Europe, Olympique Lyonnais Feminin. So how has coach Emma Hayes set up her side to achieve superpower status? This book dissects the tactical concepts of the team, breaking down each phase of play, and explores the factors that make them a super-club with a viable chance of winning the elusive UEFA Women's Champions League. From team tactics to in-depth player analysis, Europe's Next Powerhouse? reveals the factors that have put them on a path to be a force in England and Europe for years to come.

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Book SynopsisThe Lady Gardeners to whom the chapters of this book are devoted are those women who, from the eighteenth century to the present day, have been working in a garden, from imagining and creating it, to sowing, planting, pruning, painting and photographing plants, and moving from garden design to more urgent themes such as landscape conservation and environmental issues. However, and this is the reason why this collection differs from other excellent models that deal with women and gardens, the essays also dwell on the personal lives and experiences of women who have lived in gardens, and enjoyed landscape, jotting simple notes in their diaries or working as landscape architects, describing it in stories for children, portraying strange exotic plants in their paintings, assembling bunches of flowers to decorate their home, and defending such spaces with their strong commitment to preservation. From England, and its long well-documented garden history, they have moved to Africa, the Americas, Australia, New Zealand, the Far East: the chapters in this book thus also confirm the vocation of the English garden that can enlarge its boundaries, transform and adapt itself to modern times and distant climates without foregoing its old roots. Table of ContentsIntroduction: Lady Gardeners, from England to the wider world – Francesca Orestano Chapter 1: The Eighteenth Century: three princesses at Kew Gardens – Anna Zappatini Chapter 2: Dorothy Wordsworth: a Romantic garden in the Lake District – Anna Rudelli Chapter 3: Jane Loudon, notes on gardening for Victorian ladies – Anna Zappatini Chapter 4: Marianne North, the world is a garden to paint – Anna Zappatini Chapter 5: Children and Gardens by Gertrude Jekyll: training young gardeners – Anna Rudelli Chapter 6: Beatrix Potter, playful and scientific illustrations. From Peter Rabbit to landscape conservation – Anna Rudelli Chapter 7: Garden and Landscape in North America: Beatrix Farrand’s inscription of Eden in the wilderness of the New World – Francesca Orestano Chapter 8: Vita Sackville-West: a garden that looks like home, from Knole to Sissinghurst – Francesca Orestano Chapter 9: Edna Walling and her gardening work, or ‘the happiest days of my life’ – Francesca Orestano Chapter 10: History, design, vision: Sylvia Crowe – Francesca Orestano Chapter 11: The adventure of an exotic species: Maria Teresa Parpagliolo Shephard – Francesca Orestano Chapter 12: Rosemary Verey: re-reading English history in the modern garden – Anna Zappatini Chapter 13: Beth Chatto: going along with the environment, or ‘the right plant for the right place’ – Anna Zappatini

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Book SynopsisNot all research careers look the same. Not all academics spend their working lives in labs, or dark offices surrounded by dusty books. A research career can mean working in theatres or schools, influencing policy, working with the world’s leading brands and businesses, and much, much more. Showing the true diversity of scholarship, and the women leading the way, ResearcHER offers an A-Z of research and researchers from around the world, exploring who researchers are and what they really do, all whilst celebrating female scholarship. Each short chapter offers an insight into a real-life researcher, their background and journey into a research career, what they’re currently researching, their top tips for budding researchers, and fun facts and activities to explore yourself. ResearcHER smashes stereotypes to show you that research is not just conducted by men and women in lab coats or stuck in stuffy offices; researchers are women from all backgrounds, researchers come from diverse geographies, are disabled and able-bodied, are transgender, nonbinary, queer. Researchers look just like you, and you could be one too.Trade ReviewSo often - too often - women have been excluded from higher education. When women became students and academics, we are labelled 'teachers.' We completed the 'housework' of higher education, writing curriculum, designing assessment, and 'caring' for students and colleagues. So often - too often - women are invisible. Marginal. Marginalized. The warmup act. Never on the main stage. ResearcHER rewrites the story we have heard all our lives. This powerful book introduces not only a group of remarkable international women researchers, but reveals the power of their diversity. It remains inspiring to see how women - so often living and reading and thinking against the odds and against systems and structures that demean and undermine - can transform knowledge. -- Tara Brabazon, Professor of Cultural Studies (Flinders University), Professor of Higher Education (Massey University).Table of ContentsIntroduction - Women in Academia support Network – who even are we and what do we do? Chapter 1. Fatima A. Junaid Chapter 2. Jennifer A. Rudd Chapter 3. Jenny-Lee Thomassin Chapter 4. Maria Maclennan Chapter 5. Zarah Pattison Chapter 6. Bernadine Jones Chapter 7. Cinderella Temitope Ochu Chapter 8. Melissa Anne Beattie Chapter 9. Sarah Mohammad-Qureshi Chapter 10. Mandy Hughes Chapter 11. Jasmine Hazel Shadrack Chapter 12. Jennifer Leigh Chapter 13. Chioma Vivian Ngonadi Chapter 14. Jessica (Jess) Mannion Chapter 15. Liza Betts Chapter 16. Rhys Archer Chapter 17. Lyndsay Muir Chapter 18. Linda Baines Chapter 19. Sophia Cooke Chapter 20. Adele Pavlidis Chapter 21. Allison Upshaw Chapter 22. Helen Ross Chapter 23. Gemma Masson Chapter 24. Lauren Alex O’Hagan Chapter 25. Jessica Korte Chapter 26. Juliette Wilson-Thomas Chapter 27. Kate Massey-Chase Chapter 28. Jackie Carter

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Book SynopsisFeminist critique has yet to deconstruct the new ‘superwoman’ ideal: the modern woman who can and must have everything, but who, in reality, is never good enough. This media myth is fertile ground for harmful practices that focus on a woman’s own body and of course for specific consumerist behaviours. Media equalization of success, self-control, and attractiveness with a thin, healthy body frame these achievements as individual responsibility. Thus, in a society where women can now do anything, only the woman herself can be blamed if she does not achieve her full potential. Combining scientific approach with personal voices, Eating Disorders in a Capitalist World presents a critical analysis of the social context of eating disorders based on in-depth interviews with women suffering from anorexia and bulimia. Employing a variety of influential socio-cultural theories, Jelena Balabanić Mavrović closely relates various environmental influences on the development of low self-esteem, poor self-image and body dissatisfaction to the shaping of normative femininity and the experience of gender socialization in Western society. Chapters also provide a detailed review of the socio-historical development of discourses and practices related to anorexia and bulimia, including ‘healthism’, the war on obesity, and other current trends. Providing a new perspective on female identity, Eating Disorders in a Capitalist World offers a complete insight into the world of eating disorders in today’s society, exposing how new forms of freedom for women have also become new forms of self-surveillance.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. In-Depth Interviews with Women with Eating Disorders Chapter 3. Development of Eating Disorders in the Socio-Historical Context Chapter 4. Socio-cultural Theories of the Development of Eating Disorders (Anorexia and Bulimia) Chapter 5. Research on Contemporary Social Changes and Eating Disorders Chapter 6. Gender Roles and the Body Chapter 7. Thematic analysis Chapter 8. Insecure Femininity Chapter 9. The Despised vs. The Idealized Man Chapter 10. The Body is the Fundamental Determinant of a Female Identity Chapter 11. Magical Food - The Morality of Food Consumption Chapter 12. Independent Meanings of Binge Eating and Vomiting Chapter 13. Spontaneous Eating and Using Food against Internal Chaos Chapter 14. A Healthy Diet and Exercising – Disorder or Health? Chapter 15. The Context of Growing Up: Confirmation of the Biopsychosocial Model of the Emergence of the Disorder Chapter 16. Final Discussion

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Book SynopsisThe history of British Islam and British Muslims is a growing area of interest among historians and the general public. But, whilst Muslim women have featured in some research, their lives and experiences prior to the present day have remained obscure, if not 'hidden', in both academic and popular discussion. Uncovering Muslim women's experiences and contributions to society in past generations is essential for us to build a full picture of Muslim life in Britain, then and now. This is the first book to address that gap, telling the stories of Muslim women who lived in Britain between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, from Victorian times to the years immediately after the Second World War--just before immigration profoundly affected the size and composition of Britain's Muslim communities. It reveals a rich variety of experiences, including Muslim women who travelled to or away from Britain, and many who converted to Islam within the British Isles. Underpinned by feminist historical approaches, this groundbreaking book aims to make women visible where they have been hidden from or within history. Its fascinating accounts will reinstate Muslim women as actors, storytellers and storymakers who have shaped the history of Britain and of 'British Islam'.Trade Review‘A collection of remarkable and… hidden stories of Muslim women who helped shape the history of Britain.’ -- BBC News'Groundbreaking.' -- Morning Star'Providing unique insight into the stories of extraordinary Muslim women--from an aristocrat to a teacher and a WWI spy--this remarkable book reshapes our understanding of their profound impact on British history.' -- Sadiya Ahmed, founder of Everyday Muslim Heritage and Archive Initiative'This important and timely book sheds new light on the active and inspiring part that these pioneering women played in shaping the history of Islam in an increasingly multicultural Britain.' -- Humayun Ansari, Emeritus Professor in the History of Islam and Cultural Diversity, Royal Holloway, University of London, and author of "'The Infidel Within': Muslims in Britain Since 1800"'These captivating narratives transcend the limits of time and tradition, speaking to the multifaceted identities of Muslim women in colonial Britain. Their stories are not only tales of the past, but an enduring testament to the strength, diversity and spirit of women who have walked these shores.' -- Umar Ryad, Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Leuven

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Book SynopsisThe area of female entrepreneurship has been the topic of academic debate and support from the United Nations, European Union and other international bodies, for benefits such as economic growth, creation of new jobs, increasing gender equality and decreasing levels of poverty.While acknowledgement of the contributions of female entrepreneurship is present in academic research, Michela Mari and Sara Poggesi uncover two under-researched aspects: innovation in female entrepreneurship and immigrant female entrepreneurship.Regarding innovative women entrepreneurs, policy makers agree on the socio- economic relevance of such entrepreneurs as they contribute to the economic and social growth of a country and act as mentor for younger girls. However, there are few studies to date on the intertwinement among innovation, gender, and entrepreneurship in management studies. Regarding immigrant women entrepreneurs, policy makers agree on the socio-economic relevance of entrepreneu

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Book SynopsisWhile forced marriage and 'honour-based' violence attract media attention, little is known about the issues and experiences of South Asian women and children who are affected by gendered violence.This book explores the key theoretical and empirical issues involved in gendered violence, ethnicity and South Asian communities. The editors draw together leading researchers and practitioners to provide a critical reflection of contemporary debates and consider how these reflections can inform policy, research and practice. The contributors consider the primacy of religion and culture, and how South Asian women face multiple and intersecting forms of violence. Future directions for facilitating improved services for survivors of violence against women from different racial and ethnic backgrounds are also proposed.Violence Against Women in South Asian Communities will have widespread relevance for professional academics, researchers, students, policy makers, practitioners and anyone concerned with gendered violence within South Asian communities.Trade ReviewIts sounds a bleak picture, but it is not, because the book is a testimony to the strength, solidarity and persistence of the resistance movement. It is a call for unity, it is a pledge and a promise that these contributor activists and their alliances with others will continue to challenge and contest the dominant narratives which shape and define the perception of South Asian women by the mainstream community in policy, politics and the law and bring justice to South Asian women victims of domestic violence. -- Journal of Social Welfare & Family Lawthis text is very enlightening... Editors Thiara and Gil successfully provide the reader with a microscopic view of South Asian VAW, revealing the complex weaving soft is tapestry. Each of the articles poignantly weaves in and out micro-and macro-perspectives, such a UK policy and its perspective on immigration, and though seemingly well intentioned, in actuality it harms the women it attempts to protect. Their lens advances knowledge about this important topic and allows for those in academia, research, policy and the public, to grasp a better understanding of violence against South Asian women. -- The Howard Journal of Criminal JusticeOverall this book is excellent in this presentation and organisation. It is ideal for those wishing to enhance their knowledge on the issues affecting south Asian women and the multiple disadvantages they experience. -- Professional Social WorkThis is a well written book that follows in a rich tradition of studying gender-based violence against women from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities in the West... However, the strength of the book under review is that it offers a fresh look at the issue, moving beyond the issues of domestic violence and honour-related violence, addressing, in addition, issues often under-researched in this area, including: questions of masculinities, the concept of 'multiculturalism', child contact and post separation violence, the role of Shariah councils, and policy interventions including the domestic violence concession for immigrant women on a spousal visa. The book also provides a strong policy focus, in addition to offering a much needed theoretical base to understand these varied issues... The book concludes on a positive note, suggesting ways in which existing policy and practice could work together to protect South Asian women from violence by putting their needs first. This, I suggest, is one of the many strengths of this book - its ability to both analyse and to challenge existing structures of discrimination, inequality and gender-based violence. Other areas of strength are the ways in which South Asian women are never treated as a homogenous category or as passive victims, but, where possible, their agency and heterogeneity are acknowledged... Within the examination of structural inequalities, it also addresses the important issue of problems and gaps in existing policies, including policies on forced marriage and immigration and multiculturalism. In short, this book is a pleasure to read and will be an invaluable addition to the literature on ethnic minority communities and gender-based violence. -- British Journal of Social WorkOverall, it is a well edited and balanced collection which provides a good introduction to the field while not shying away from the detail needed to fully describe and analyse the complex policy and practice issues. Thiara and Gill are ideally positioned to edit this collection, since they are both actively involved in the international movement to combat violence against women and hold key policy and practice expositions alongside their academic roles. This undoubtedly has helped them secure contributions from key activists in the field, meaning the book does not suffer from being overly theoretical or 'dry'... Patel and Siddique's chapter provides an essential documentation of their success in this legal challenge, which will be of interest to feminist activists, practitioners and academics internationally... Like so many of the other chapters, Gill and Mitra-Kahn manage to effectively synthesise theory, policy, practice and politics. The result is an excellent overview of the Force Marriage Civil Protection Act (2007) and debates around civil and criminal law approaches...Thiara and Gill state that they wish to link past discourses on "race", ethnicity and nationality, and violence against women, to make connections within theory and politics and to bring together a range of activists and researchers. They have certainly achieved this here. They challenge their readers to reflect on their location within social divisions and systems of oppression, whether they are influenced by the wider construction and representation of South Asian women and whether they contribute to the reinforcement of such representations and oppressions. More importantly, they ask how these representations and oppressions can be challenged. The collection contributes to this by providing clear analysis of the debates and theories concerning violence against South Asian women, assessing particularly the responses in legislation and policy, and the intersection of culture, 'race'. ethnicity and gender within these responses... Kelly describes the book as a "historic collection that documents, recognises and renews the contribution to the UK movement against violence against women by South Asian feminists; contributions made as researchers, as activists, as practitioners". In our opinion, this is an accurate description of Thiara and Gill's collection and we would class it as essential reading for all involved in the international movement against violence against women. -- Race & ClassThis book is powerful, challenging and inspirational, and is an important contribution to debates on the complex intersections between ethnicity, gender and inequality, as well as on human rights and violence against women. Thiara and Gill and the contributors to this text skilfully unpick the flawed thinking and policy initiatives directed at gender-based violence over the past 30 years and especially in the post 9/11 period community cohesion and anti-terrorism initiatives. -- Dr Lorraine Radford, Head of Research, NSPCCThis is a stimulating and provocative collection which explores the difficult concepts of 'multiculturalism', 'ethnic identity' and 'secularisation' in relation to gendered violence. The authors challenge myths and stereotypes about the 'Asian' experience in relation to interpersonal violence without oversimplifying or homogenising black and minority ethnic (BME) women's experiences. Despite cataloguing the ongoing struggles against racism and misogyny, and the intersection of both, the editors conclude the text with optimism; an additional reason to recommend this text to all policy makers, practitioners, academics and students, as well as those interested in the provenance of BME anti-violence organisations and current UK policy. -- Dr Melanie McCarry, School for Policy Studies, University of BristolA wide-ranging, timely and empirically informed analysis of the different forms of violence and human rights violations faced by women at the intersection of gender, ethnicity and class, and the shortcomings of existing legal and policy frameworks for dealing with them. It engages with important conceptual and political debates in the area and develops a sophisticated theoretical and political framework for addressing violence against women within multiculturalists policy and practice. In so doing, it problematises existing assumptions about the role of culture, and provides a much more nuanced intersectionality framework for dealing with this important issue in modern society. It will fill an important gap in the literature and should be widely read. -- Floya Anthias, Professor of Sociology and Social Justice, Roehampton UniversityTable of ContentsForeword. Professor Liz Kelly. Introduction. Ravi K Thiara, University of Warwick and Aisha K Gill, Roehampton University. Chapter 1. Understanding Violence against South Asian Women: What it Means for Practice. Ravi K Thiara and Aisha K Gill. Chapter 2. Charting South Asian Women's Struggles against Gender-based Violence. Amrit Wilson, University of Huddersfield and Royal Holloway College. Chapter 3. Masculinities and Violence against Women in South Asian Communities: Transnational Perspectives. Marzia Balzani, Roehampton University. Chapter 4. Shrinking Secular Spaces: Asian Women at the Intersect of Race, Religion and Gender. Pragna Patel and Hannana Siddiqui, Southall Black Sisters. Chapter 5. Moving Toward a 'Multiculturalism Without Culture': Constructing a Victim-Friendly Human Rights Approach to Forced Marriage in the UK. Aisha K Gill and Trishima Mitra-Kahn, Roehampton University. Chapter 6. Continuing Control: Child Contact and Post-separation Violence. Ravi K Thiara. Chapter 7. Shariah Councils and the Resolution of Matrimonial Disputes: Gender and Justice in the 'Shadow' of the Law. Samia Bano, University of Reading. Chapter 8. Protection for All? The Failures of the Domestic Violence Rule for (Im)migrant Women. Kaveri Sharma, London Metropolitan University and Aisha K Gill. Chapter 9. Conclusion: Looking to the Future. Aisha K Gill and Ravi K Thiara. List of Contributors. Index

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Book SynopsisProfessor Eda Sagarra, born in 1933, has been significant and influential figure in Irish and European academic policy-making, contributing to the early development of the Erasmus scheme. Now, aged nearly 88, this memoir gives striking evidence of her self-discipline and formidable energy. This substantial memoir by one of the foremost female academics in Ireland starts with Sagarra's own perspective on committing her life story to history during the pandemic lockdown of 2020: The following memoir recalls for those born in the present century and schooled without the strong sense of Irish history, which defined our people from the Great Famine of the 1840s until recent times, what it was like to grow up as a woman in the twentieth century and seek a career in a man's world. It tries to re-capture as much what it felt like to the person experiencing it as what was happening in society. Younger people today who read of the restrictions to which women were subject in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, will find it difficult to comprehend why our generation and the one that followed ours didn't challenge them. But probably the greatest contrast between the Ireland of then and now was the room for manoeuvre - or rather the absence of it. Today our lives are premised on a constantly changing world. Ireland is more connected across the globe than ever it was. Today most people are mobile. The Ireland when I was young was in almost every respect a static, hierarchical and paternalist society, one in which the accident of your birth would generally determine your whole life. No life is representative, but every person's experience is unique and worth recording for those who come after us. A south Dublin convent girl, Sagarra probes childhood and family, schooling, and UCD -with a perceptive commentary on the Ireland of the 1930s and 1940s. Her remarkable memory and shrewd eye for detail present at times a painfully honest account of family and in the upper middle-class world of Catholic south Dublin, revealing the profound influence of Europe during her postgraduate years in post-war Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Running through this forensic account of her academic life is a bitter awareness of the constant if subtle barriers to female advancement. For contemporary critics reconstructing the history of gender equality in Ireland and for readers of feminist history, this makes for essential reading. Her description of retirement since 1997 is colourful, poignant and revealing, and her reflections on old age and youth resonate.Trade ReviewPeppered generously with self-effacing humour ... a detailed social history as well as a personal memoir, it reminds us that while real gender equality still eludes us, we've come a long way. Anne Cunningham, Sunday Independent

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Book SynopsisInitiates a wider development of inquiries into women's literary cultures to move the reader beyond single geographical, linguistic, cultural and period boundaries. Since the closing decades of the twentieth century, medieval women's writing has been the subject of energetic conversation and debate. This interest, however, has focused predominantly on western European writers working within the Christian tradition: the Saxon visionaries, Mechthild of Hackeborn, Mechthild of Magdeburg, Gertrude the Great, for example, and, in England, Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe are cases in point. While this present book acknowledges the huge importance of such writers to women's literary history, it also argues that they should no longer be read solely within a local context. Instead, by putting them into conversation with other literary women and their cultures from wider geographical regions and global cultures - women from eastern Europe and their books, dramas and music; the Welsh gwraig llwyn a pherth (woman of bush and brake); the Indian mystic, Mirabai; Japanese women writers from the Heian period; women saints from across Christian Europe and those of eleventh-century Islam or late medieval Ethiopia; for instance - much more is to be gained in terms of our understanding of the drivers behind and expressions of medieval women's literary activities in far broader contexts. This volume considers the dialogue, synergies, contracts and resonances emerging from such new alignments, and to help a wider, multidirectional development of this enquiry into women's literary cultures.Table of ContentsForeword Diane Watt Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction: Medieval Women's Literary Cultures and Thinking Beyond the Local Liz Herbert McAvoy and Sue Niebrzydowski PART 1: Comparison and Dialogue 1. Speaking Across the Stars: Parallel Affective Communities in Islamic and Christian Hagiography Ayoush Lazikani 2. Women's Mystical Friendships: Margery Kempe and Mirabai Alexandra Verini 3. Women's Writing in the Japanese Heian Period: A Medieval Dialogue between the East and West Naoë Kukita Yoshikawa PART 2: Constructing Gender and Genre 4. The Genre of the Late Medieval Personalised Orthodox Slavic Women's Miscellany: Three 'Existential' Questions Michel de Dobbeleer 5. The Role of Kisaeng Sijo Poets in Medieval Korean Literature Ko Jeong-hee and Justin M. Byron-Davies 6. Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya: Gender, Authority and Paradox in Attar's Tadhkirat al-'awliya and the Mantiq al-tayr Shazia Jagot 7. Deception, Infanticide, and the Making of a Female Saint: A Look at the Gädl Krəstos Śämra Meron T. Gebreananaye PART 3: Saintly Performance and Marian Piety 8. 'Of our Lady thassumpcion': A European Context for the Worshipful Wives of Chester and their Marian Play Sue Niebrzydowski 9. Mary and Elizabeth: Male Perspectives of Female-Coded Piety in Offices for the Visitation Rhianydd Hallas 10. Speaking Internationally in Female Communities on the Eastern Borders of Medieval Europe Renáta Modráková 11. Textual Phantoms and Spectral Presences: The Coming to Rest of Mechthild of Hackeborn's Writing in the Late Middle Ages Liz Herbert McAvoy 12. Negotiating the Abject and the Sublime: The Centrality of Discourse Communities within Women's Mystical Experience Kathryn Loveridge PART 4: Evidence and the Archives: Revisiting and Reconsidering 13. 'Ic þæt secgan mæg': Women, Song, Story, Presence Elaine Treharne 14. In the Undergrowth: Llwyn a Pherth and Sexual Deviancy in Medieval Wales Ceridwen Lloyd-Morgan and Sara Elin Roberts 15. 'I shall send yw money to by such stufe as I wull haue': The Paston Shoppers Vicki Kay Price Afterword: Intersectionality and Coalitions Jonathan Hsy List of Contributors Bibliography

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Book SynopsisEveryone knows three things about the Women's Institute: that they spent the war making jam; the sensational Calendar Girls were WI; and, more recently, that slow-handclapping of Tony Blair. But there's so much more to this remarkable Movement. Over 200,000 women in the UK belong to the WI and their membership is growing. They cross class and religion,include all ages -from students and metropolitan young professionals, such as the Shoreditch Sisters,to rural centenarians -with passions that range from supporting the 1920s Bastardy Bill (in response to a wartime legacy of illegitimate babies) to the current SOS for Honey Bees campaign.It was founded in 1915, not by worthy ladies in tweeds but by the feistiest women in the country, including suffragettes, academics and social crusaders who discovered the heady power of sisterhood, changing women's lives and their world in the process. Certainly its members boiled jam and sang ' Jerusalem ', but they also made history. This fascinating book reveals for the first time how they are - and always were - a force to be reckoned with.

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Book SynopsisOn 2 September 1845, the convict ship Tasmania left Kingstown Harbour for Van Diemen’s Land with 138 female convicts and their 35 children. On 3 December, the ship arrived into Hobart Town. While this book looks at the lives of all the women aboard, it focuses on two women in particular: Eliza Davis, who was transported from Wicklow Gaol for life for infanticide, having had her sentence commuted from death, and Margaret Butler, sentenced to seven years’ transportation for stealing potatoes in Carlow. Using original records, this study reveals the reality of transportation, together with the legacy left by these women in Tasmania and beyond, and shows that perhaps, for some, this Draconian punishment was, in fact, a life-saving measure.

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Book SynopsisTwo thousand years ago, the Roman poet Ovid gave voice to a group of inspirational women – queens, sorcerers, pioneers, poets and politicians – in a series of fictional letters called The Heroines. They were the women left in the wake of those swaggering heroes of classical mythology: Theseus, Hercules, Ulysses, Jason, Achilles… Now, drawing inspiration from Ovid, fifteen leading female and non-binary British playwrights dramatise the lives of these fifteen heroines in a series of new monologues for the twenty-first century. 15 Heroines was commissioned by Jermyn Street Theatre, London, and first performed – online and in three parts – in November 2020, presented in partnership with Digital Theatre. This edition of all fifteen monologues is introduced by directors – Adjoa Andoh, Tom Littler and Cat Robey – and writer, broadcaster and classicist Natalie Haynes. The War tells the untold stories of the Trojan War: Oenone, Hermione, Laodamia, Briseis and Penelope, written by Lettie Precious, Sabrina Mahfouz, Charlotte Jones, Abi Zakarian and Hannah Khalil. The Desert is about women going their own way: Deianaria, Canace, Hypermestra, Dido and Sappho, written by April De Angelis, Isley Lynn, Chinonyerem Odimba, Stella Duffy and Lorna French. The Labyrinth is about the women who encountered Jason and Theseus: Ariadne, Phaedra, Phyllis, Hypsipyle and Medea, written by Bryony Lavery, Timberlake Wertenbaker, Samantha Ellis, Natalie Haynes and Juliet Gilkes Romero.Trade Review'A triumphant re-voicing of famous tales' * Observer *'Compelling... sometimes funny, often moving, this is a phenomenal collection of monologues' * BritishTheatre.com *'Urgent, engaging and beautifully written... it works as individual segments, as themed collections, or as one full project' * Broadway World *'What stands out above all else is the quality of the writing' * Guardian *'Brilliant and hilarious... these heroines are resurrected with wit, imagination and verve' * The Stage *'Revisionist and unapologetic, this new appraisal of Ovid’s work is very timely... it is the psychological insight that makes this so watchable. By taking ownership of their stories, these women speak for themselves' * The Reviews Hub *'Ambitious and artfully entertaining, 15 Heroines refuses to allow these women to be relegated to the footnotes... the pleasure is that we have so seldom heard these versions before' * Lyn Gardner, Stagedoor *

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Book SynopsisIn 1961, Rosina ‘Rose’ Martin married John Umelo, a young Nigerian she met on a London Tube station platform, eventually moving to Nigeria with him and their children. As Rose taught Classics in Enugu, they found themselves caught up in Nigeria’s Civil War, which followed the 1967 secession of Eastern Nigeria--now named Biafra. The family fled to John’s ancestral village, then moved from place to place as the war closed in. When it ended in 1970, up to 2 million had died, most from starvation. Rose (‘worse off than some, better off than many’) had kept notes, capturing the reality of living in Biafra--from excitement in the beginning to despair towards the end. Immediately after the war, Rose turned her notes into a narrative that described the ingenious ways Biafrans made do, still hoping for victory while their territory shrank and children starved by the thousand. Now anthropologist S. Elizabeth Bird contextualises Rose’s story, providing background on the progress of the war and international reaction to it. Edited and annotated, Rose’s vivid account of life as a Biafran ‘Nigerwife’ offers a fresh, new look at hope and survival through a brutal war. Trade Review‘Umelo’s harrowing account does not exoticize . . . she captures the reality of living in Biafra – from the early excitement to the bitter end. Surviving Biafra takes its place in a valuable corpus of grassroots accounts . . . Putting ordinary people to the fore, it reminds us that women often pay the greatest price in war.’'A vital female contribution to discourse on the war.' -- Africa Today‘Reading 'Surviving Biafra' is in many ways exceptionally thrilling. The text is a combination of history, autobiography, biography and strands of a story including what could be described as semi-fictions to make a new literary genre.’ -- African Studies QuarterlyA captivating account of Nigeria's war. Having heard the voices of a cross-section of Igbo and Nigerian women, we welcome the voice of a woman from across the seas who lived through the tragedy with us.' -- Egodi Uchendu'Rosina Umelo, an English teacher married to a Biafran, lived through Nigeria's civil war, giving birth and raising a family in the middle of it. This is both her story and the story of the people she lived among, vividly told.' -- Jonathan Derrick'Here is a book on Biafra that juxtaposes the dualities: the historical and figurative narratives; history and memory; the complexity and simplicity of politics and warfare; the incredulity and reality of facts; the very essence of life and death; and the personal engagements with plenty and hunger, desire and denial.' -- Toyin Falola

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Book SynopsisThis remarkable book charts the effects of the economic boom on women across Asia. Yori Matsui, one of Japan's leading journalists, demonstrates how Asian women are confronting rapid economic developmentwhich is accompanied by widespread infringement of human rights. Analysing the lives of women in Japan, Thailand, the Philippines, Taiwan, China, Nepal, and Korea, the author explores * the impact of globalization - including the feminization of migration and an increase in the trafficking of women * sexual violence - from the 'comfort women' to child prostitution * development projects - the cause of mass deforestation and displacement of communities However she also describes women's credit co-ops, democratization movements and unionization of women workers. She meets women who have organised ant-logging blockades, literacy classes and campaighns against trafficking. She finds women across Asia resisiting the dictatorship od development, the feminization of poverty and patriarchal values. Throughout the continent she finds the seeds of hope for a new Asia.Table of Contents Introduction Part I: Economic Development and Violence Against Women 1. Trafficking in Women 2. AIDS Attacks Women 3. The Feminization of International Migration 4. Japanese-Filipino Children and Japanese Society 5. Women Break the Silence on Domestic Violence Part II: Women Fight the Development Invasion 6. The Philippines Development Plan: Forced Eviction of People and Communities 7. Thai Village Women Protest Eucalyptus Plantations and Shrimp Cultivation 8. Indigenous People Fight Deforestation and Dam Construction in Sarawak 9. Taiwan and Thailand: The Other Side of the Travel Boom Part III: From Resistance to Alternatives in Action 10. An Alternative Negros: The Phillipines 11. Women's Linkage: Hong Kong and China 12. Weaving the Village Future: Thailand 13. The Wind of Change in a Mountain Village: Nepal 14. Turning Pain into Power: Korea Conclusion: Women Envision a New Asia for the Twenty-first Century Index

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Book SynopsisWriting just after the French and American revolutions, Mary Wollstonecraft firmly established the demand for women’s emancipation in the context of the ever-widening urge for human rights and individual freedom that followed in the wake of these two great upheavals. She thereby opened the richest, most productive vein in feminist thought; and her success can be judged by the fact that her once radical polemic, through the efforts of the innumerable writers and activists she influenced, has become the accepted wisdom of the modern era. The present edition contains a substantial essay by a major scholar to celebrate the bicentenary of publication in 1792.

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Book SynopsisThe conventional history of art is one of great men making great paintings, and displaying their works to a predominantly male audience in male-run institutions. Women, however, have had a role, often working behind the scenes, out of sight or in resistance to prevailing attitudes and practices. And it is in these exceptions to the rules of the masculine world of art-making that women artists have been perceived as groundbreaking, defiant and even subversive. A compelling selection of more than 60 artists from the early Renaissance to the present day, among them Judith Leyster, Mary Cassatt, Frida Kahlo and Louise Bourgeois, Danger! Women Artists at Work explores the most intriguing and provocative aspects of art by women who shook up the art world. Through a lively introduction and six thematic chapters dealing with such subjects as the ways in which women have challenged the boundaries of expression and how they have viewed the human body, Debra N. Mancoff presents an absorbing tale of those who have struggled and triumphed in their efforts to transform the visual arts.Trade Review'This is the perfect gift for any casual or serious art lover ... Danger! Women Artists at Work is a delightful walk through history, and offers an overdue education and appreciation of women artists' - SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER 'I was excited to read a book that covered the topic of women artists - well written, accessible and full of beautiful prints - Definitely a book worth reading.' - BLOGCRITICS

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Book SynopsisHomes are powerfully defined by smells, sounds, textures and objects, all of which reflect how people live their everyday lives. From spray-painting the toilet wall to relaxing in the bath, the products we use speak volumes about who we are, how we relate to others and who we want to be.Based on extensive fieldwork, this fascinating book explores the intimate, material and sensory spaces of the home to uncover how gender roles are performed within our personal, private worlds. Pink shows how everyday items ranging from perfumes to soap powder imprint and reinforce daily experiences and a sense of identity. How has the home been affected by the fact that more and more women now go to work and increasingly more men spend time engaged in domestic tasks? How do more traditional family-centred homes compare with those belonging to diverse family forms and people living alone? What does a study of domestic gender tell us about how change occurs? Answering these questions and many more, Pink combines the most recent approaches in gender studies and material culture to show how everyday activities can be deeply revealing of gender roles in the 21st century.Trade Review'Sarah Pink has produced a fascinating book.'Visual Anthropology ReviewTable of ContentsPrologue:Everyday Sensory Lives * Introduction: Changing Gender in the Sensory Home * Video, Performance and Experience: Researching and Representing the Sensory Home * Theorising Changing Gender at Home * The Sensory Home * The Housewife and Her World: Cultural Categories and Everyday Lives * Departing from Obsession: Femininities at Home * Engaging with Domestic Discovery: Masculinities at Home * Conclusion: Sensory Knowledge and Creative Practices

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Book SynopsisBased on original sources, this book questions the conventional wisdom that Mediterranean Muslim women are passive people subjected to the tyranny and misogyny of religion, society and male relatives. Encompassing everything from medieval love poetry to popular literary sources these studies bear witness to the fact that individual women of all social classes play pivotal roles in both the private domains of sociey and in the public realm.

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Book SynopsisA match-by-match statistical record of the UEFA Women's Euro Finals from the start of the 1st tournament in 1984 through to the Final of the 2022 tournament. This book will contain complete team line-ups and statistics for every game in all 13th Finals Tournaments to date.

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Book SynopsisThe first edition of this work was published in 1997 and reprinted several times in response to popular demand. It focuses on the multiple hazards of discrimination due to race, gender and class - faced by black women in contact with the criminal justice process of England and Wales. This extensively updated and revised second edition includes substantial information about developments since that time. The text which includes accounts of black women prisoners and other black people concerning their treatment by and impressions of 'the system' - has become key reading for practitioners and students alike.Trade Review'This book was core text when a student some 20 years ago. As a new lecturer I wanted to see if it was as relevant now as then. Although dated it is a book that should be on the reading lists of all criminology and sociology courses': Kate Bramford, University of Worcester.Table of ContentsContents of this NEW 2003 SECOND EDITION include:Extract from the Foreword to the First Edition by Sylvia Denman CBE and a New Introduction by the author, together with extensively revised and extended chapters from the original work: A Combination of Forces; Voices Unheard; Police and Black Women; Probation and Black Women; Experience of the Courts; Beatrice's Case (an account of one black woman's perceptions of her arrest, trial and imprisonment); Black Women and Imprisonment; Hopes and Ambitions, Appendices, Bibliography and Index.

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Book SynopsisAre you fed up with your work/life balance? Do you feel burnt out and uninspired? Are you stuck in a job you hate and desperate for change but don't know where to start? Then you need this refreshingly honest book that will change your relationship with work for good. One evening after missing the train home, standing on the cold platform, exhausted and quietly sobbing, Anniki Sommerville realized she wouldn't get to see her kids before bedtime for the fourth time that week, she knew it was time for a major change. When podcaster, author, and journalist Anniki first landed her dream job, she was overjoyed. But she very quickly felt trapped in a toxic work culture that was making her miserable and anxious.We're constantly told we should be doing work that is 100% fulfilling and makes us feel authentic and bursting with happiness at every moment. But the perfect job doesn't exist. What if there was another way? From running a multi-million-pound company to becoming a freelancer and everything in between, Anniki has learnt some valuable life lessons about what work means to her. She's figured out that 'nailing it' is a one-way ticket to burnout and disillusionment, and instead found a more joyful path to contentment. In this essential guide to getting your work life back on track, The Big Quit will show you how to: 1. Spot the early signs of burnout 3. Embrace trying new things and overcome fear of failure4. Navigate your way through work anxieties4. Create boundaries with your work and home life5. Benefit from slowing down and looking after yourself6. Build your confidence up after a career break 7. Enjoy your job! Packed with real and practice advice, fans of Arianna Huffington, Everything is Figureoutable, Roxie Nafousi's Manifest and Caitlin Moran will love The Big Quit. Read what everyone is saying about Anniki Sommerville:'I loved this book. Full of wit and wisdom, Anniki tells it like it is.' Clover Stroud 'I LOVED this book... I couldn't put down... so refreshingly honest...The language used made the book feel like I was talking to a friend...really helpful and full of useful advice...such a brilliant read!' NetGalley reviewer ?????????? 'Laugh-out-loud funny! As a woman in her 40s, I thoroughly enjoyed this book... Spot-on for many of the thoughts & worries & oddities running through my head too.' NetGalley reviewer ??????????

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Book SynopsisOn a misty Monday-21st June 1948-the MV Empire Windrush sailed up the Thames and anchored at Tilbury Dock, London. There were a total of 1027 passengers on board with 802 passengers from British Colonies in the West Indies. Of these individuals, 539 were from Jamaica. The infamous images of the passengers walking down the gangplank the next morning would be the moment the Windrush Generation was born.A Circle of Five reflects on the stories of the three hundred thousand or so making the same journey between 1948 and 1971 by showcasing the voices of five Jamaican women, Evelyn, Emma, Irene, Ivy, and Melissa. Each woman tells their own story, all beginning in early 1930's rural Jamaica and spanning some eighty years. Through these women, the experiences of the Windrush Generation come alive, honouring this vital period in British history.

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Book SynopsisSixteen international artists at the forefront of feminism This book focuses on a selection of midcareer international artists whose oeuvres are informed by the legacies of feminist thought. Each artist adds to the feminist discourse, whether by reclaiming women’s marginalized creative histories, using gender discrimination as a method of institutional critique or creating alternate research methodologies that confront patriarchal norms. The book includes sculpture, painting, video, installation and performance art, and features lesser-known projects or entirely new commissions that recast sociopolitical realities throughout the world. In addition to extensive illustrations, the book includes essays by Anne Ellegood and Connie Butler, curators and art historians whose practices have also been dedicated to a discussion of women’s rights. Artists include: Leonor Antunes, Yael Bartana, Pauline Boudry / Renate Lorenz, Candice Breitz, Shu Lea Cheang, Minerva Cuevas, Vaginal Davis, Every Ocean Hughes, Bouchra Khalili, Laura Lima, Teresa Margolles, Otobong Nkanga, Okwui Okpokwasili, Lara Schnitger and Beverly Semmes.Trade ReviewEmploys colored borders to distinguish each artist, for whom there is a full page discussion along with extensive illustrations. Major texts by the two curators are placed in the middle and printed on different stock, narrower than the bulk of the volume, which gives the beautifully-printed volume an unusual physical presence. -- Andrea Kirsh * Artblog *

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisAnn Cook was an 18th-century cook and cookbook author. Her cookbook was printed in three editions and contained more than just receipts. For some reason, she had a real problem with Hannah Glasse’s cookbook, The Art of Cookery: Made Plain and Easy, which had been republished many times during the 18th century and would have been the first port of call for a puzzled cook or housekeeper. Cook’s book included vitriolic comments about a number of Glasse’s recipes.Historic cooks Clarissa F. Dillon and Deborah J. Peterson use their skills to investigate whether Cook’s remarks were valid. They prepared a number of recipes, both from Glasse and from Cook, and commented on the results. Although a number of people have written about these two women, their emphasis was on the comments, not on the validity of the criticisms. This approach makes this book unique.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction Ann Cook’s First Edition of Professed Cookery Glossary

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Book Synopsis"This book brings together feminist histories in education with an innovative approach to epistolary narrative analytics. In deploying the notion of the epistolary bildung the author rigorously and eloquently shows how the correspondence of Barbara Bodichon can shed fresh light in a range of personal problems and public issues in women’s lives, which remain relevant today"- Maria Tamboukou, Professor of Feminist Studies, University of East London, UKThis book assesses Barbara Bodichon’s significance in the history of the women’s movement in Britain by elaborating a conceptualisation of letters as sources of feminist development. Bodichon was the leader of the first women’s suffrage committee in England, which collected 1,500 signatures in favour of the female vote – a petition presented in the House of Commons by sympathising MPs to support the amendment of the 1867 Reform Bill. This book explores the significance of letter-exchange in Barbara Bodichon’s feminist becoming as she managed to mobilize partisans and secure signatures by means of chains of friendship letters spreading across the country. For letters functioned as platforms where, concomitantly to her making sense of her experiential input, Bodichon adopted, redefined and challenged circulating discourses – transforming them in the process and hence contributing to the production of feminist knowledge, intersubjectively and collaboratively in dialogue with her addressees. At the crossroads of history of feminism, gender history and history of women’s education, this book explores the significance of letter-exchange in Bodichon’s development into one of the galvanizing figures of the women’s rights movement in Victorian England. Table of Contents1. Unfolding Feminism: Letters, Networks and Friendship2. Bodichon’s Epistolary Bildung: Learning, Narratives and Agency3. ‘A Peculiar Education’: Epistolary Networks, Knowledge and Critical Thinking4. ‘To be happy is to work, work – work – work’: Affection, Creativity and Self-fulfilment5. ‘Improbable that we should agree in the choice of husbands’: Love, Marriage and Silences6. ‘Slavery is…allied to the injustice to women’: Morality, Equality and Citizenship7. ‘Bringing home bamboos to paint’: Artistry, Aesthetics and Power8. ‘Born a hundred years too soon’: Bodichon’s Agentic Epistolary Bildung

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Book SynopsisThis book unpacks how the ethical is embodied through an examination of the lived experiences of female Muslim volunteers in Belgium. Kayikci draws on a wealth of interview material that sheds light on the ethical turn in the anthropology of Islam, exploring how volunteering enables the space and time for Muslim women to commit to both orthodox religious and civic social values. As volunteering and interacting (caring) with the society requires careful deliberation of their society and their position as Muslims, and as women in that society, this research unpacks how multiple belongings of Muslim women in Belgium are negotiated, balanced, and influenced. This analysis reveals how the everyday is informed by different epistemological traditions; both the liberal and the Islamic, and how these traditions make the life-worlds of the women. Islamic Ethics and Female Volunteering will be of interest to academics across religious studies, anthropology, sociology, gender studies and community studies, especially scholars working in the areas of ethics, migration, Muslims in Europe, volunteering and activism. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- 1. Getting Acquainted with the Volunteers.- 2. Caring is a Part of Believing and Why the Ethical is Relational.- 3. Reviving A Forgotten Tradition, Infaq.- 4. The Authority in Sisterhood.- 5. When Volunteering Touches the Experience of Time.- 6. The Adab of Da'wa.- 7. Transparency, Visibility and the Mahram.- 8. Conclusion: Further Thoughts on Volunteering.- Epilogue.- Glossary.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines how entrepreneurship can be used as a tool to escape poverty. With relevance for both SDG 1: ‘No Poverty,’ and SDG 8: ‘Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all,’ it pays special attention to women and minority ethnic groups. Offering a fresh perspective on entrepreneurship as a means of upward social mobility and rooted in research, the book explores the issue in three ways. Firstly, it pays special attention to the nexus between the entrepreneur, resources, institutions, opportunities, necessities, and the environment for drawing a comprehensive picture of how individuals could use entrepreneurship for successful upward social mobility in a changing world. Secondly, it emphasizes the peculiar challenges that female entrepreneurs face, how those challenges can be overcome, and how female entrepreneurship may be a route to women’s socio-economic advancement. Thirdly, it highlights the challenges faced by ethnic minority business owners and how such ethnic minority businesses could thrive amid institutional voids as well as direct and indirect forms of discrimination. Based on the latest research from developed and developing countries, the book offers compelling insights for sustaining entrepreneurial ventures in an evolving world.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Why Entrepreneurship? Entrepreneurship is the greatest tool in the hands of mankind to reduce poverty and increase global prosperity. Entrepreneurship has the ability to improve standards of living and create wealth, not only for the entrepreneurs but also for related businesses, and the society at large. The capitalist school of thought identifies entrepreneurship as the factor of production that organises other factors of production into productive activities. Entrepreneurship has justified this dominant position especially in the twenty first century by lifting millions of people out of poverty and improving living standards in many emerging countries. Entrepreneurship has also proven to be more effective at plummeting poverty rates than well thought out government policies meant to lift people out of poverty, and even better than programmes promulgated by international organisations like the International Labour Organisation, World Bank, World Trade Organisation, and International Monetary Fund. The chapter will also highlight how social entrepreneurship can drive social innovation and transformation in various fields including education, health, environment and enterprise development, while alleviating poverty. Chapter 2 The Returns to Occupations: Entrepreneurship vs Paid Work This chapter examines the pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns to occupational choice. It will draw on the latest research that have used quantile regressions to reveal the existence of a welfare hierarchy in occupations. The empirical analysis suggests that across the welfare distribution, entrepreneurs who employ others have the highest returns in terms of income and consumption, while those entrepreneurs who work for themselves, that is, self-employed individuals, have slightly lower returns than the salaried employees. However, entrepreneurship in any form entails higher returns than casual labour and unemployment, and an escape from poverty. Given these insights, it is pertinent to that individuals know of this income scale as they make their decisions. This chapter will be dedicated to helping individuals realise how to maximise their returns from entrepreneurship given their human and social capital. The chapter will also shed light on the non-monetary rewards to entrepreneurship and how to appreciate and secure them. Chapter 3 Pathways to Successful Entrepreneurship in Developed Countries When it comes to entrepreneurship, there are many pathways. The entrepreneurial spirit is an attitude and perspective inclined to seek out opportunities for economic or lifestyle reasons, and in many cases for both. Developed countries have more formal and informal institutions that support entrepreneurs compared to developing countries and this is one reason why start-ups in developed countries have higher success rates, and why enterprises from such countries tend to have more of a global impact. While individuals in many developed countries often report very high intentions to start-up businesses, many do not follow through and despite the various support for start-ups in those countries, there are significant regional disparities in start-up rates and some barriers to growth. In addition, High Value Entrepreneurship in terms of employment and growth is inconsistent. This chapter will introduce pathways through which entrepreneurship allows individuals in developed countries to escape poverty while creating higher value businesses. It will be a guide for would-be and practicing entrepreneurs and policy makers in developed countries in helping them to navigate the institutional environments in their countries. Chapter 4 Pathways to Successful Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries Entrepreneurship in developing countries is made more difficult because of the institutional voids in such countries. “Institutional voids” result in the higher transaction costs commonly found in emerging markets representing the geographical regions of Africa, East, South and Western Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. These voids relate to political and economic systems, trade policies, and product, labour, and capital markets and denote the absence of specialised intermediaries, regulatory systems, and contract enforcement mechanisms. Institutional voids make the transaction costs of doing business higher for both market exchange and for new firm entry. The first types of institutional voids are those that hinder market functioning, typically due to the lack of intermediaries and weakly developed capital, labour, and product markets. However, such voids in turn offer opportunities for (highly skilled) entrepreneurs to create businesses, bridging these voids. The second type of institutional voids hampers not just the functioning of markets but also their development in the first place. When constitutional-level provisions are not enforced, the rules of exchange are uncertain, and market development stalls. Entrepreneurs in emerging economies deal with these two types of institutional voids by relying on informal institutions, especially social networks. The third type of institutional void refers to those that impede market participation. Because institutional arrangements are either absent or weak, they prevent individuals and firms from participating in market exchange in the first place. Examples include the lack of physical infrastructure that prevents individuals from being able to travel to marketplaces, and the presence of informal institutions that exclude women from partaking in economic activity. Such voids are widespread in the least developed countries, but they also exist for rural entrepreneurs and for entire segments of society in thriving emerging market economies such as India. The fourth type of institutional void occurs where there is a demand for social entrepreneurs, and this type encourages individuals to take steps to create social enterprises, but hampers the creation of operating social enterprises in the absence of supportive informal institutions. This chapter will introduce pathways through which entrepreneurship allows individuals in developing countries to escape poverty while creating superior value businesses. It will be a guide for would-be and practicing entrepreneurs and policy makers in developing countries in helping them to navigate the institutional voids in their countries. Chapter 5 Female Entrepreneurship On average, women are less likely to start businesses than men for a complex variety of reasons. Standard explanations for the lower likelihood of female entrepreneurship include personal characteristics, human capital, and barriers related to prejudice concerning access to resources. For example, in terms of personal characteristics, women tend to exhibit lower entrepreneurial self-efficacy and higher fear of failure than men, both closely associated with business creation. Women, especially in developing countries, often have lower levels of human capital in terms of education; and there are often more constraints for them in accessing financial capital. These differences not only hamper the development of entrepreneurial skills and confidence, they are also perpetuated by the fact that there are fewer entrepreneurial role models for women. Across economies, women are burdened by an inequitable share of global poverty and one strategy to address these gaps is to aim for the economic empowerment of women through entrepreneurship. Female entrepreneurship is particularly important for creating jobs that are intrinsically suited for women, given the socio-economic conditions that they face. Such jobs could better align with the human and social capital that women have, provide novel solutions to female issues, and help women achieve a better work-life balance. Many female entrepreneurs also report higher incomes compared to their paid worker counterparts and in addition, they have the ability to use their unused talents while fully expressing themselves. This chapter will explore how more women can escape the barriers to venture creation to establish sustainable business ventures and secure the economic and noneconomic benefits of entrepreneurship. Chapter 6 Ethnic Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is an important route out of poverty for ethnic minority individuals, particularly for foreign-born migrants and recent arrivals in developed countries. Early-stage entrepreneurial activity among ethnic minority individuals is twice that of the local population in many countries. Ethnic minority entrepreneurs (EMEs) in countries have been responsible for innovative businesses; but they usually face significant challenges, including the lack of financial and social capital, an unfamiliarity with regulations and the host country’s labour market, poor management and communication skills, and the liability of outsidership. Thus, while ethnic minority individuals are already a socio-economically disadvantaged group, ethnic entrepreneurs are in an even more precarious situation. EMEs are traditionally associated with low skilled, lower growth and hence low return sectors such as retailing, restaurants, fast-food provision, and personal services. This chapter will examine the challenges faced by ethnic minority individuals who want to go into entrepreneurship and how those challenges can be overcome. Chapter 7 Contemporary Issues in Entrepreneurship This chapter will highlight how contemporary issues including the internet of things, COVID-19, climate change and globalisation have changed the entrepreneurial landscape. It will address the threats to entrepreneurship in developed countries highlighted by the death of many high street giants and will also show how these issues create opportunities for individuals wishing to create business enterprises focused on these social issues. Chapter 7 Conclusion This final chapter will conclude the pivot by discussing and summarising all the insights gained from the textbook. It will also point readers towards new directions. The author has contributed to the United Nations Encyclopaedia of Sustainable development goals and the contents and experience will help with this project. · Olarewaju, T. Olarewaju, T. (2020). Ethnic Poverty: Causes, Implications, and Solutions; Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals: No Poverty, Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69625-6_124-1 · Olarewaju, T. Fernando, J. (2020). Gender Inequality and Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries; Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals: Decent Work and Economic Growth, Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_92-1 · Olarewaju, T. Olushola, F. (2020). Migrant Entrepreneurship Under Institutional Voids; Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals: Decent Work and Economic Growth, Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_93-1

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive book portrays the long-overdue recognition of women's work in chemistry, which only materialized with their late access to universities. Besides describing their scientific triumphs, it unveils the human side of the characters involved, providing an intimate perspective, often supported by extracts from their correspondence.

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