Forestry and silviculture Books

Book Synopsis"One of the ten best horticultural books of the century."—The Washington PostTrade ReviewOne of the ten best horticultural books of the century. * Washington Post *A truly superior reference work returns new and improved, with both form and content reflecting advances in knowledge. The high praise that met the 1987 release of this book's first edition—one reviewer called it one of the 'ten best horticultural books of the century'—seems equally deserved for the second edition. 'Diseases' describes 470 afflictions affecting more than 300 species and occurring in the temperate regions of the United States and Canada; another 50 chemical, physical, or unknown agents are also portrayed. This is a diagnostic manual, and as such, discussion of control measures is negligible. Far from resting on their laurels, Sinclair and Lyon have made some key improvements to their work. Perhaps the most striking of these are the book's distinctly sharper, digitally optimized images, more than 2000 of them in color. Those who teach (or study) the subject may appreciate Sinclair and Lyon's tweaks to the preliminary apparatus in the new edition, changes that help make a prodigious amount of technical information a little more intelligible. Fairly easy diagnostic reference is made possible with an index that lists both the scientific (genus judiciously boldfaced) and common names of plants. Bottom Line: This book will continue to be the standard reference for those who deal with tree and shrub pathology professionally, but gardeners with problems will find it just as indispensable. (Amateurs, of course, might do just as well examining the pictures.) An essential purchase for special horticultural, academic, and large public collections. * Library Journal (starred review) *Diseases of Trees and Shrubs is by far the best book currently available for the horticulturist, arborist, or forester who wishes to identify disorders of forest and shade trees and woody ornamentals. * The Public Garden *It is well written and it is illustrated with photographs of such high quality that in this respect it could be described as a 'coffee table' book of forest pathology. * Forestry *This book is a remarkable contribution to the literature on tree pathology, providing a valuable source of reference on tree disease for all with an interest in the subject. It must surely be almost obligatory reading for the specialist tree pathologist, and will prove of great value to all tree care professionals. It will fascinate any tree lovers who wish to find out more about the diseases and disorders that may afflict trees. * Arboricultural Journal *The book arrives at a time of biological globalization and environmental change bearing the high risk of new pathogen introductions and emerging diseases. It is therefore indispensible also for forest pathologists outside of North America. The main emphasis of the book is on infectious disease, but nutrient deficiencies, damages by heat, drought and freezing, sides effects of pesticides and damages by air pollution are also included. This book is of the highest possible quality and it is a really magnificent resource for anybody who is facing the challenge of tree disease diagnosis. Moreover, the book is a celebration of biodiversity associated with woody plants as well as an aesthetic enjoyment. * Forest Pathology *This is an absolute 'must have' for all professional tree people. A complete and thorough revision of the 1987 classic, it contains more than 2,000 digitally optimized color images of all important diseases of trees and woody ornamentals of the US and Canada. Having used the original book as a disease bible a gazillion times, this reviewer was amazed to discover that the authors could make such substantial improvements. Most of the color plates are completely new sets of photos, and they are of the highest quality. Important new diseases that have come onto the scene in the last 20 years, such as dogwood anthracnose, have been added. The authors have introduced a number of new microscopic figures to help in the positive identification of various pathogens. As in the first volume, the authors do a wonderfully thorough job with the descriptive information presented for diseases. This reference classic should be part of the library of every plant health care specialist, forester, horticulturist, and student in the field. Essential. * Choice *Table of ContentsContents About this book How to use this book Dedication and acknowledgmentsDiseases caused by fungi Overview of fungal diseases of woody plants Diseases caused by Ascomycota Foliar diseases Taphrina diseases: leaf curls and blisters, bladder plum, witches'-brooms Powdery mildews Witches'-broom of hackberry and black witches'-broom of serviceberry Dark fungi on plants: sooty molds, black mildews, and others Spot anthracnoses and scabs caused by Elsinoe and Sphaceloma Diseases caused by Mycosphaerella species and related anamorphs Overview Leaf spots of ash, walnut, citrus, rose, mountain-ash, sycamore Septoria diseases of poplar and other plants Brown spot needle blight of pines Dothistroma needle blight of pines Stigmina leaf spot of palms Mycosphaerella leaf spot of Yucca Blights and leaf spots caused by fungi of the Cercospora complex "Cercospora" blights of Cupressaceae Some "Cercospora" leaf spots Linden leaf blotch, and leaf spots caused by Coniothyrium, Microsphaeropsis, Sonderhenia, and "Hendersonia" Ascochyta blight of lilac Leaf spots and blotches caused by Cuignardia and Phyllosticta Diseases caused by Cuignardia species: leaf blotch of horse-chestnut and buckeye, leaf spot of Boston ivy, black rot of grapevine Phyllosticta leaf spots and blotches of dogwood, hazelnut, witch-hazel, maples Tubakia leaf spot of oaks and other trees and fly-speck leaf spot of Vaccinium Needle blights and needle casts of conifers Lophodermium needle casts Ploioderma needle casts of pines Canavirgella and Davisomycella needle casts of pines Elytroderma needle casts of pines Lonhodermella and Cvclaneusma needle casts of pines Rhizosphaera and Isthmiella needle casts Rhabdocline and Swiss needle casts of Douglas-fir Meria needle blight of larch and Didymascella leaf blight of cedar Snow blights Brown felt blights Tar spots Ink spot leaf blight of aspen and poplar Ovulinia petal blight of Rhododendron and Ciborinia flower blight of Camellia Botrytis blight Cristulariella leaf spots Brown rot of stone fruits Entomosporium leaf spot of Maloideae Black spot of rose and Blumeriella leaf spot of cherry and plum Marssonina spots and blights Leaf spots and blights of aspen and poplar Anthracnoses of birch and bittersweet Alternaria blights and leaf spots Shoot blights and twig diebacks Scab diseases caused by Venturia species Apple scab Scabs of firethorn, loquat, and toyon Venturia leaf and shoot blights of aspen and poplar Scab and black canker of willow and Venturia leaf blotch of maple Bronze leaf disease of aspen and poplar and Linospora leaf blight of balsam poplars Anthracnoses Anthracnose overview and black spot of elm Ash anthracnose Oak anthracnose Sycamore anthracnose Walnut anthracnose and Gnomonia leaf spots of hickory and pecan Doewood anthracnose Anthracnoses of birch, filbert, and redbud Anthracnoses and Didymosporina leaf soot of maples Cankers and diebacks Hornbeam anthracnose Anthracnoses and diebacks caused by Clomerella and Colletotrichum Butternut canker Sirococcus blight of conifers Ceratocystis cankers Diseases caused by Botryophaeria and allied fungi Botryosphaeria cankers and diebacks Cankers, dieback, and leaf blight caused by B. dolliidea and B. Ribis Cankers and dieback caused by: B. stevensii and Diplodia quercina B. queicuum and related fungi on oak B. obtuse B. rhodina Diplodia (Spiiaeropsis) blight of pines and other conifers Sphaeropsis canker and dieback of elm Sphaeropsis knot and Dipiodia gall Melanconis diebacks and sooty canker Diseases caused by Diaportlx and Phomopsis species Diaporthc and Phomopsis cankers and cliebacks Overview Phomopsis canker of Russian-olive Diseases of Rhododendron Phomopsis cankers of almond and peach Diseases associated with the Diaporihe eres complex Phomopsis dieback of poplar Diaporthe canker and dieback of sycamore Phomopsis dieback of weeping figOther cankers and diebacks caused by Diaporthe and Plioniopsis Diaporthe and Phomousis cankers of conifers Phomopsis, Kabatina. and Scleronlioma blights of juniper and other gymnosperms Stem galls Phomopsis sails Phomopsis canker of Cardenici and Nectriella gall of ornamental plants Black knot of Prunus Cankers and diebacks, continued Cryptodiaporthe cankers Cryptodiaporthe canker of poplar Cryptodiaporthe canker of willow Golden canker of alternate-leaf clogwood Eastern filbert blight Chestnut blight Chrysoporthe canker of Eucalyptus Endothia canker Leucostoma and Valsa cankers Overview Valsa cankers and diebacks of conifers Leucostoma canker of spruce and other conifers Leucostoma cankers of Pruniis Leucostoma and Valsa cankers of poplar and willow Valsa cankers of maple Cryptosporiopsis canker of red maple Nectria cankers and diebacks Coral-spot Nectria canker Tubercularia canker and dieback Thyronectria canker of honeylocust Perennial Nectria canker Beech bark disease Fusarium cankers Cankers caused by Fusarium solani or F. Iateritium Pitch canker of pines Pestalotiopsis spots, blights, and diebacks Sciridium cankers of cypress Cryptosphaeria canker of aspen Eutypella canker of maples Cankers and diebacks caused by Xylariaccous fungi Entoleuca (Hypoxylon) canker of aspen Biscogniauxia cankers and diebacks Biscogniauxia (Hypoxylon) diebacks of oaks Blister canker Camillea- and Hypoxylon-associated cankers and diebacks Basal canker and butt rot caused by Kretzschmaria deusta Cankers and diebacks caused by discomycetes Sooty-bark canker of aspen and poplar Ceningium dieback of pines Scleroderris canker of conifers Atropellis cankers of pines Lachnellula cankers of conifers and Strumella canker of hardwoods Root diseases Charcoal root rot and Fusarium root rots Root rots and blights caused by Cylindrocladium and Cylindrocladiclla Phymatotrichum and Thiclaviopsis root rots Xylaria and Rosellinia root rots Rhizina root rot and southern blight Procerum root disease of pines Systemic fungal diseases Black stain root disease of conifers Ceratocystis cankers Ceratocystis cankers of Populus and Prunus Canker-stain of planetree and sycamore Sapstreak disease and bluestain Oak wilt Dutch elm disease Verticillium wilt Persimmon wilt Fusarium wiltsDiseases caused by Basidiomycota Foliar diseases Exobasidium galls and blisters Articularia and Microstroma leaf spots and witches'-brooms Insolibasidium blight of honeysuckle and false smut of palms Diseases caused by Rhizoctonia-forming fungi Rusts Overview of rusts Phragmidiurn rusts Gymnosporangium rusts Overview Cedar-apple rust Hawthorn rust Quince rust Juniper broom rust Broom rust of incense-cedar and rust galls on south-western junipers Medlar rust Additional Gymnosporangium rusts Puccinia and Cumminsiella rusts Ash rust Cluster-cup rust of currant and gooseberry Crown rust of buckthorn Rusts on Berberis and Mahonia Fig rust and birch rust Pucciniastrum and allied rusts Hemlock-hydrangea rust Hemlock-blueberry rusts Fir-fireweed and fuschia rusts Fir-blueberry rust Other Pucciniastrum and Thekopsora rusts in North America Fir-fern rusts Broom rust of fir Melampsora rusts Poplar rusts Willow rusts Chrysomyxa rusts of spruce Needle rusts of pines Stem and cone rusts of pines Overview of North American Cronartium rusts White pine blister rust Fusiform rust and pine-oak gall rusts Sweetfern blister rust Stalactiform and Comandra blister rusts Limb rusts and cone rusts Western gall rust Trunk and limb rots of hardwoods Overview of wood types and decay processes Representative decay fungi: Stereum gausapatum, Hericium erinaceus, Phellinus species, Climacodon septentrionalis, Bjerkandera adusta, Fomes fomentarius, Globifomes graveolens, Perenniporia fraxinophila, Oxyporus populinus, Trametes versicolor, Polyporus squamosus, Laetiporus species, Piptoporus betulinus Canker-rots of hardwoods Spiculosa canker Canker rots of birch Hispidus canker, heart rot and canker-rot caused by Inonotus andersonii, canker-rot caused by Inonotus glomeratus Sapwood rot and cankers caused by Cerrena unicolor and Schizophyllum commune Sapwood decay and silverleaf caused by Chondrostereum purpureum Trunk rots and canker-rots of conifers Heart rots caused by Fomitoosis pinicola and Echinodontium tinctorium Heart rot caused by Phellinus pini and canker rot caused by P. cancriformans Root diseases Southern blight Rhizoctonia diseases Armillaria root rots Mushroom root rot Root and butt rots caused by Heterobasidion species Red root and bun rot of conifers Brown root and butt rot of conifers Laminated root rots of conifers Root and butt rots caused by Inonotus dryadeus and Oxyporus latemareinatus Ganoderma root and butt rots and trunk decay Overview Root and bun rot of palms Diseases of woody dicots caused by laccate Ganodermas Ganodermas on conifers Diseases caused by Ganoderma applanaturn and related fungiDiseases caused by Oomycota Overview of Oomycctes Downy mildews Diseases caused by Phytophthora species Overview Shoot blights, diebacks, and fruit rots Cankers, collar and crown rots, foot rots, and root rots Diseases caused by Phytoplithora rarnorum Collar, crown, and foot rots Root rots and feeder root necroses Root and crown rot of Port Orford cedar Diseases caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Other Phytophthora root rotsBacterial diseases Overview Leaf spots, blights, and cankers Diseases caused by Pseudomonas species Diseases caused by Xanthomonas species: citrus canker, bacterial spot of Prunus, bacterial blight of walnut, and others Fire blight Bleeding bacterial cankers Bacterial galls of olive, oleander, and ash Crown gall Wetwood, slime flux, alcoholic flux Bacterial scorch diseases Overview Representative diseases: Pierce's disease of grapevine, almond leaf scorch, bacterial scorch of landscape trees and shrubs Diseases caused by mollicutes Overview Representative diseases: pear decline, Primus yellow leafroll, stubborn disease of citrus, walnut witches'-broom, bunch disease of pecan and other hickories, witches'-brooms of lilac and other plants Elm yellows Ash yellows X-disease of Prunus Lethal yellowing of palmsViral diseases Overview and plant virus diagnosis Diseases caused by nepoviruses: Prunus stem pitting, apple brown line, Forsythia yellow net, ash diseases, and others Diseases caused by carlaviruses: poplar mosaic, lilac mottle, and others Diseases caused by ilarviruses: sour cherry yellows, Prunus necrotic ringspot, apple mosaic, rose mosaic, and others Diseases associated with cucumoviruses, potyviruses, foveaviruses, varicosaviruses: leaf and flower reddening in Nandina, necrotic spots and ring mottle in Prunus, Camellia yellow mottle Diseases associated with tobamoviruses: tobacco mosaic and tomato mosaic viruses, and others Diseases associated with rhabdoviruses, necroviruses, Tobacco necrosis virus Diseases caused by virus-like agents not fully characterized Rose rosette Diseases of Rhododendron and related plants, Rhododendron necrotic ringspot Viral diseases of aspen and poplar Redbud and hibiscus diseases Apple flatlimb Viral symptoms in Acer, Cliaenorneles, Liquidambar, Liriodendron, Lonicera, Magnolia Striped chlorosis of Albizia, fig mosaic, oak viruses, viral symptoms in Bougainvillea, Celtis, Euonynius Viral diseases of conifersDiseases caused by Nematodes Overview of plant-parasitic nematodes Representative nematodes that attack roots: root knot nematodes, burrowing nematode, stunt nematodes, lesion nematodes, dagger nematodes Wilt of pines caused by pine wood nematodesPlant-pathogenic algae and plants Algal leaf spot, or green scurf North American leafy mistletoes Characteristics and habits of Phoradendron Mistletoes on angiosperms Mistletoes primarily on gymnosperms Dwarf mistletoes Overview Representative dwarf mistletoes: Arceuthobium arnericanuni, A. carnpylopodurn complcx (A. campylopodum, A, occidentale, A. laricis, A. tsugense, others), A. douglasii, A. gillii, A. vaginatum, A. pusillum Cassytha and dodder Vines that damage treesDeclines, environmental damage, and unexplained growth abnormalities Decline diseases with multiple or obscure causal factors Concepts and overview Maple decline Ash decline Birch decline, pine declines Oak decline, citrus blight Damage by environmental factors Damage by salt and other inorganic poisons Damage by misapplied pesticides Injuries and diseases caused by air pollutants Overview Damage by ozone Damage by sulfur dioxide Damage by fluorides and minor pollutant gases Mineral nutrient deficiencies Damage by drought, heat, and freezing Water shortage Heat stress Frost and freeze damage Predisposition to attack by opportunistic pathogens Damage by flooding or waterlogged soil Damage by girdling roots, hail, ice glaze, and sheet ice Lightning damage Noninfectious and unexplained growth abnormalities: fasciation, chimeras, graft union abnormalities, adventitious shoots and roots, galls, burls, witches'-broomsRestoration of sapwood and bark after injury or infection Wounds, microbial colonization, and compartmentalization Frost cracks, drought cracks, and related defects Bark formation and restorationAssociations of normal woody plants with other organisms Smooth patch, bark rot, and normal foliar shedding Symbiotic relationships of roots: mycorrhizae, nitrogen-fixing associations Epiphytes, lichens, and mossGlossary References Index

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Book SynopsisBy his death in 1934, Andrew Benoni Hammond had built an empire of wood that stretched from Puget Sound to Arizona - and in the process had reshaped the American West and the nation’s way of doing business. This book follows Hammond from the rough-and-tumble lowly lumberjack to unrivalled timber baron.

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Book SynopsisCovering 92 million acres from Virginia to Texas, the longleaf pine ecosystem was one of the biologically diverse ecosystems. The author explores the history of these forests and the biodiversity within them, telling the story through first-person travel accounts and interviews with foresters, ecologists, biologists, botanists, and landowners.Trade Review"Blending journalism with natural and human history and a keen appreciation for the land, Earley offers persuasive advocacy for a tree little known outside of its immediate region - but one of obvious importance, and one whose ongoing restoration can show other regions how to bring their old ecosystems back to life." - Kirkus Reviews, starred review "[Earley] is a keen and incisive writer, and employs lively quotes and quirky factoids.... Looking for Longleaf is a must-read for anyone interested in conservation or Southern history." - Charlotte Observer"

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Book SynopsisSalmon and Acorns Feed Our People: Colonialism, Nature and Social Action draws upon nearly two decades of examples and insight from Karuk experiences on the Klamath River to illustrate how the ecological dynamics of settler-colonialism are essential for theorizing gender, race and social power today.Trade Review"Salmon and Acorns Feed Our People is a wake-up call for social scientists. Through an intensive analysis of Karuk experiences, Professor Norgaard shows the artificiality of nature-social divide. With passion and commitment, she demonstrates the interconnectedness of all systems (environment, health, gender, race, emotions, and political power). I highly recommend this book." -- Eduardo Bonilla-Silva * Duke University, Past-president, American Sociological Association *"Transformative for environmental justice! So many powerful relationships have created a lasting, generous and complex book, connecting ecology, culture, food, history and self-determination. Cutting in her critique of colonial power, Norgaard shows powerfully what sociology and ally-ship can achieve when responsibility and accountability are centered." -- Kyle Powys Whyte * Professor and Timnick Chair, Michigan State University *"Salmon and Acorns Feed Our People is a terrific book that impressively brings together seemingly far-flung concepts in thoughtful ways. Norgaard makes an insightful argument about how ‘nature’ functions within race-making, weaving sociological theories into an interdisciplinary project that is also empirically driven. My congratulations to the author on a fantastic contribution to sociology." -- Lisa Sun- Hee Park * author of The Slums of Aspen: Immigrants vs. the Environment in America’s Eden *"What a gift! Kari Norgaard’s Salmon and Acorns Feed our People illustrates in unflinching detail how the environmental degradation wrought by settler colonization must be seen as a form of violence while simultaneously revealing the Karuk’s complex knowledge and life-affirming worldview. Given the environmental crisis and our refusal to acknowledge the ballast of empire, this book is required reading." -- Laura Pulido * co-author of A People's Guide to Los Angeles *"Norgaard provide us with a powerful example of sociological research that centers the needs and priorities of Indigenous communities; the rich collaborative analyses support Indigenous resistance to colonialism." -- Michelle M. Jacob * author of Yakama Rising: Indigenous Cultural Revitalization, Activism, and Healing *"Kari Norgaard has produced a truly insightful and urgent analysis of how indigenous peoples resist racial formation and settler-colonialism, while practicing environmental justice and food sovereignty. This book is an extraordinary intervention and charts an urgently needed and timely path forward for the environmental social sciences and racial/ethnic studies." -- David Naguib Pellow * author of What is Critical Environmental Justice? and Dehlsen Chair of Environmental Studies, UC San *"Colonization, Fire Suppression, and Indigenous Resurgence in the Face of Climate Change" excerpt of Salmon and Acorns Feed Our People in Yes! Magazine https://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/fire-climate-change-indigenous-colonization-20191021 * Yes! Magazine *"What western states can learn from Native American wildfire management strategies" by Kari Mari Norgaard and Sara Worl https://theconversation.com/what-western-states-can-learn-from-native-american-wildfire-management-strategies-120731 * The Conversation *"Kari Marie Norgaard's 'Salmon and Acorns Feed Our People'" https://page99test.blogspot.com/2019/10/kari-marie-norgaards-salmon-and-acorns.html * The Page 99 Test *"Pg. 99: Kari Marie Norgaard's 'Salmon and Acorns Feed Our People'" http://americareads.blogspot.com/2019/10/pg-99-kari-marie-norgaards-salmon-and.html * Campaign for the American Reader *"The particular points on which Kari Marie Norgaard alights have truly needed to be discussed aloud for a long time....In being able to break it down and have discussions, [readers] could learn a lot about [them]selves, where we each fit into a wildly altered landscape, and how we can go forward together as a tribe, practicing pikyav as fix-the-world people." * News for Native California *"On indigenous land management, and a space beyond colonialism," interview with Kari Marie Norgaard https://thisishell.com/interviews/1117-kari-marie-norgaard * This is Hell! podcast *"This book is a beacon from which to discover Indigenous theorists such as Nick Estes, Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, and Winona LaDuke, and poets such as Sherwin Bitsui, Kim Shuck, and Jake Skeets. At its core, this is a deeply argued book that explicates the Karuk’s ethos of caring interconnectivity, while pushing each reader to grapple with the depth of settler colonialism. Further, it demands that we all—scholars, writers, readers—take this reality seriously in beginning to address the destruction and violence undergirding the United States." * Orion Magazine *Sydney Environment Institute podcast with Professor Kari Marie Norgaard http://sydney.edu.au/environment-institute/publications/salmon-and-acorns-feed-our-people/ * Sydney Environment Institute podcast *"Short Takes: Latest titles of interest from alumni and faculty authors." https://issuu.com/uomarketingcommunications/docs/final_oq_winter_2020 * Oregon Quarterly *"A comprehensive and well-organized presentation of data and analyses that demonstrate how the legitimization of racial categories is directly connected to changes in the physical land....This book is an example of how sociology can grow and expand in both research and theory practices, opening the door to more comprehensive understandings of social relations and structures." * Ethnic and Racial Studies *"Kari Marie Norgaard’s Salmon and Acorns Feed Our People is an important guide to achieving this goal skillfully. Norgaard conscientiously connects readers to Karuk epistemologies and illustrates them in the lessons she has drawn over nearly two decades of research and advocacy work with members of the Karuk community, whose ancestral lands stretch along the Klamath River in northern California. Her commitment to legally establishing the book’s copyright with the Karuk Tribe is one I hope other non-Native researchers collaborating with Indigenous peoples will make a standard practice." * Monthly Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction One: Mutual Constructions of Race and Nature on the Klamath Two: Ecological Dynamics of Settler Colonialism: Smokey Bear and Fire Suppression as Colonial Violence Three: Research as Resistance: Food, Relationships and the Links Between Environmental and Human Health Four: Environmental Decline and Changing Gender Practices: What Happens to Karuk Masculinity When There Are No Fish? What Happens to Karuk Femininity When There Are No Acorns? Five: Emotions of Environmental Decline: Karuk Cosmologies, Emotions and Environmental Justice Conclusion: Climate Change as a Strategic Opportunity? Methodological Appendix Acknowledgements Bibliography

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Book SynopsisLongleaf pine forests are an iconic forest of the southeastern United States. With this guide, John McGuire, Carol Denhof, and Byron Levan reveal the forest’s unique characteristics by shining a light on its inhabitants, the ecological processes that are necessary for their survival, and how we as humans play a role in shaping this ecosystem.

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Book SynopsisForest mensuration provides data on aspects of length, mass and time of areas of forest, individual trees or parcels of felled timber. Such quantitative information is vital to sellers, buyers, planners, managers and researchers within forestry. This book is a revision of a successful text originally published in 1983 but written for students in Africa. The new edition is international in scope, and has also been changed and updated to reflect recent advances, particularly with respect to biomass and fodder measurement, sampling with unequal probabilities and growth modelling. The book covers both the theory and practice of forest mensuration and includes a number of worked examples of calculations. It is a basic textbook for students of forestry and will also be of value to practising foresters.Table of Contents1: Measurements 2: Measuring single trees 3: Measuring tree crops 4: Forest inventory 5: Statistical principles in forest inventory 6: Site assessment 7: Forest growth models

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Book SynopsisGlobal interest in forest conservation, biodiversity preservation, and non-timber values has risen while pressures on the forest as a source of income and employment have also increased. These demands are often conflicting, making forest planning, allocation and policy formation very complex. This volume explores theoretical and applied issues surrounding forest resource allocation. The book is divided into three main subject areas: tropical forests - environment, economics and trade; non-timber valuation - theory and application; and ecosystem management. The first of these focuses on tropical forests, reflecting the fact that global environmental concerns surrounding these regions are often in conflict with local economic objectives. The second section examines non-timber values, which are important in planning and policy decisions, but are also very controversial. The third group of chapters consider ecosystem management, a concept that promotes the use of forest harvesting practiceTable of Contents1: Pluralism and Pragmatism in the Pursuit of Sustainable Development, E N Castle 2: Global Environmental Value and the Tropical Forests: Demonstration and Capture, D Pearce 3: Local Timber Production and Global Trade: The Environmental Implications of Forestry Trade, R A Sedjo 4: Can Tropical Forests be Saved by Harvesting Non-Timber Products? A Case Study for Ecuador, D Southgate, M Coles-Ritchie and P Salazar-Canelos 5: Conflicts between trade and sustainable forestry policies in the Philippines, H W Wisdom 6: Measuring general public preservation values for forest resources: evidence from contingent valuation surveys, J B Loomis 7: Citizens, consumers and contingent valuation: clarification and the expression of citizen values and issue-opinions, R K Blamey 8: Moral responsibility effects in valuation of WTA for public and private goods by the method of paired comparison, G L Peterson, T C Brown, D W McCollum, P A Bell, A A Birjulin and A Clarke 9: Integrating cognitive psychology into the contingent valuation method to explore the trade-offs between non-market costs and benefits of alternative afforestation programs in Ireland, W G Hutchinson and S M Chilton 10: Valuing tropical rainforest protection using the contingent valuation method, R A Kramer, E Mercer and N Sharme 11: The safe minimum standard approach: an alternative to measuring non-use values for environmental assets? R P Berrens 12: An economic-ecological model for ecosystem management, R Mendelsohn 13: Application of a bioeconomic strategic planning model to an industrial forest in Saskatchewan, B Stewart and M Martel 14: Incentives for managing landscapes to meet non-timber goals: lessons from the Washington landscape management project, B Lippke 15: Perspectives on educating forestry professionals in an environmentally conscious age, J C Nautiyal

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Book SynopsisAgroforestry refers to land use systems in which trees or shrubs are grown in association with agricultural crops, or pastures and livestock. From its inception, it has contained a strong element of soil management. Well-designed and managed agroforestry systems have the potential to control run-off and erosion, maintain soil organic matter and physical properties, and promote nutrient cycling. By these means, agroforestry can make a major contribution to sustainable land use. The previous edition of this book, entitled Agroforestry for Soil Conservation (1989), was based on indirect evidence from agriculture, forestry and soil science. The present work provides a new synthesis, drawing on over 700 published sources dating largely from the 1990s. These include both results of field trials of agronomy systems, and research into the plant-soil processes which take place within them. Soil conservation in its narrower sense, the control of erosion, is treated alongside other equally importTable of Contents1: Preface 2: Agroforestry, soil management and sustainability 3: Effects of trees on soils 4: Soil and water conservation 5: Soil water management 6: Soil organic matter and physical properties 7: Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency 8: The role of roots 9: Agroforestry systems for soil management 10: Modelling 11: Research 12: Agroforestry, land use and the environment 13: Conclusions

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Book SynopsisSilviculture in tropical forests has a long history going back many centuries and active management for timber production began about two hundred years ago. There is therefore a considerable body of evidence regarding both sustainable and destructive forestry practices in these forests, the future of which is the subject of one of the great scientific and public debates of the late twentieth century. Based on fifty years experience by each author and extensive research of the literature, this book provides information, much of which was previously not widely available, on the development of silvicultural systems in tropical moist forest (a broad term which encompasses many forest types). The book begins by tracing the early history and goes on to describe the later, more technical phases and the growth of global exploitation. Examples from many countries are described in detail, considering all aspects including the economic, ecological and social implications. It is the aim of the autTable of Contents1: Introduction 2: Early Times: the Early Exploitative and Conservation Phases 3: Post-1900 to the Late 1950s – Conservation Continues: Forest Management and Colonialism 4: The Global Exploitative Phase – the Late 1950s to the Mid-1990s 5: Summary and Conclusions

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Book SynopsisMahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is one of the best-known and most valuable tropical timbers currently traded internationally. Concern has increased over the exploitation of mahogany, particularly as most timber is currently derived from natural forests which are not managed sustainably. Such concerns have resulted in an increased research effort focusing on the ecology of the species in natural forest. The potential of mahogany plantations as an alternative source of timber has received relatively little attention. However, evidence suggests mahogany may be a viable plantation species in many countries. The successful development of such plantations could make a major contribution towards meeting future demands for mahogany timber, and thereby help to reduce pressures on natural forest. The main aim of this book is to produce a comprehensive account of mahogany silviculture, with a particular emphasis on plantations, by bringing together the findings of foresters and researchers from Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Description of the species 3: Mahogany as a plantation species 4: Seed production 5: Nursery techniques 6: Site selection 7: Plantation establishment 8: Plantation maintenance 9: Growth and yield 10: Timber quality 11: Shoot borer control 12: Protection 13: Silvicultural systems 14: Conclusions

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Book SynopsisForest policy involves a complex balance of governmental, social and industrial objectives in an environment where the forests and the institutions are also constantly changing. Across the various forestry jurisdictions there is a wide variety of policy models that have evolved in response to specific societal demands, institutional structures and forest environments. This book is an examination of forest policy in a selection of major forestry jurisdictions, primarily the major competitors in world softwood markets. These include the United States, British Columbia, Alberta, New Zealand, Sweden, Finland, Chile and Russia. These regions represent systems operating with natural forests, plantation forests, initial forest endowments, second/third generation forests, public forestland ownership, private forestland ownership, open markets, highly structured markets, and various responses to sustainability. For each jurisdiction a brief overview to the economy, the contribution of forestry,Table of ContentsIntroduction: Framework for Forest Policy Comparisons, G C van Kooten and I Vertinsky 1: U S South, W F Hyde and W B Stuart, Virginia Tech, Virginia, USA 2: U S Pacific Northwest, B Cashore, Auburn University, Alabama, USA 3: British Columbia, B Wilson, S Wang, Pacific Forestry Centre, British Columbia, Canada and D Haley, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 4: Alberta, M K Luckert, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada 5: New Zealand, B Wilson and L Arthur, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 6: Sweden, G C van Kooten, B Wilson and I Vertinsky 7: Finland, G C van Kooten, I Vertinsky and B Wilson 8: Chile, D Cartwright, Pacific International Hardwoods Inc., Vancouver, Canada 9: Russia, C A Backman, Grand Prairie Regional College, Alberta, Canada 10: Wrapping Up, L Arthur and B Wilson

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Book SynopsisThe analysis of tree rings has been critically important in all kinds of environmental studies including forest decline, ecological prognosis on a large scale and climate trends for the past decades to millennia. It may also provide important knowledge for forest management and the forest product industry. This book has been developed from an IUFRO meeting in Washington State, USA in July 1997 and describes the latest achievements and challenges in tree ring research from around the world.Table of ContentsSECTION A: Analyzing radial growth processes 1: A simulation model of conifer ring growth and cell structure, H C Fritts et al, DendroPower, USA 2: Effects of environment on xylogenesis of Norway Spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), P Horacek et al,University of Agriculture and Forestry, Czech Republic 3: Measuring and interpreting diurnal activity in the main stem of trees, W Gensler, Agricultural Electronics Corporation, USA 4: Diurnal variation and radial growth of stems in young plantation Eucalypts: a preliminary study, G M Downes, CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, Australia SECTION B: Analyzing anatomical and structural features 5: Significance of vertical resin ducts in the tree rings of spruce, R Wimmer, University of Agricultural Sciences, Austria 6: Practical application of annual rings in the bark of Magnolia, Z-Z Zhao, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SECTION C: Tropical tree-ring analysis 7: Remarks on the current situation of tree-ring research in the tropics, R E Vetter, INPA/CPPF, Brazil 8: Identification of annual growth rings based on periodical shoot growth, P P de Mattos, CNPF-EMBRAPA, Brazil 9: Seasonal variations of the vascular cambium of Teak (Tectona grandis L.) in Brazil, M Tomazello, ESALQ/University of Sao Paulo, Brazil and N de Silva Cardoso, Technological Institute of Amazonia/UTAM, Brazil 10: Climate-growth relationships of Teak (Tectona grandis L.) from Northern Thailand, N Pumijumnong, Mahidol University, Thailand 11: Growth periodicity in relation to the xylem development in three Shorea spp. (Dipterocarpaceae) growing in Sarawak, T Fujii, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan 12: Pinus tropicalis growth responses to seasonal precipitation changes in Western Cuba, M M Chernavskaya, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia SECTION D: Tree rings and historical aspects 13: Occurrence of moon rings in oak from Poland during the Holocene, 15: M Krapiec, University of Mining and Metallurgy, Poland 16: Site chronologies for historical dating in High Asia/Nepal, B Schmidt, Universitat Koln, Germany SECTION E: Tree-ring analysis and environmental interactions 17: A comparison between repeated timber inventories and dendochronological time series for forest monitoring, F Biondi, Inversity of California - San Diego, USA 18: Tree-ring patterns in an old-growth, subalpine forest in southern interior British Columbia, R Parish et al, BC Ministry of Forests, Canada 19: A new detrending method for the analysis of the climate-competition relations in tree-ring sequences, E Piutti, Centro di Ecologia Alpina, Italy and A Cescatti, Italy 20: Dendochronological investigations of climate and competitive effects on longleaf pine growth, R S Meldahl et al, Auburn University, USA 21: Influence of climatic factors on the radial growth of Pinus densiflora from Sogni Mountains in Central Korea, W -K Park et al, Chungbuk University, Republic of Korea

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Book SynopsisRussia and the other republics of the former USSR are now more accessible than at any other time in history. In the future, the forest resource of Russia, easily the greatest of any country in the world, will become even more globally important both environmentally and commercially. This new dictionary incorporates an updated and enlarged version of the first Russian-English edition, published in 1966, plus an entirely new English-Russian section of similar size. It contains many new terms, species names, acronyms and abbreviations to account for the great changes which have taken place in Russian forestry in terms of mechanization, woodworking technology, forest management and economics, environmental pollution and conservation. A list of the botanical names of trees and shrubs, with their Russian and English equivalents has also been included. The book has been compiled by Dr William Linnard, former Assistant Director of the Commonwealth Forestry Bureau, with over forty years' experiTable of Contents1: Some 10,000 Russian entries 2: Many new terms, species names, acronyms and abbreviations 3: Recognition of major developments in Russian forest harvesting machinery and woodworking technology 4: Recognition of the changes in forest management, environmental pollution and conservation that have occurred in the recent period of political, social and economic upheaval in the former Soviet Union

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Book SynopsisWinner of a 2009 Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) award!Trees continue to maintain a unique significance in the social, ecological and economic systems of the world - as large, long-lived perennials covering 30% of land on Earth; their very nature dictates their importance. An understanding of forest genetics is essential for providing insight into the evolution, conservation, management and sustainability of both natural and managed forests. Providing a comprehensive introduction to the principles of genetics as important to forest trees, this text integrates the varied sub-disciplines of genetics and their applications in gene conservation, tree improvement and biotechnology. Topics discussed include genetic variation in natural forest trees, the application of genetics in tree improvement and breeding programs, and genomic sciences and molecular technologies.Table of Contents1: Forest Genetics - Concepts, Scope, History and Importance SECTION I: BASIC PRINCIPLES 2: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Genome Organization, Gene Structure and Regulation 3: Transmission Genetics - Chromosomes, Recombination and Linkage Mendelian Genetics 4: Genetic Markers - Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Markers 5: Population Genetics - Gene Frequencies, Inbreeding and Forces of Evolution 6: Quantitative Genetics - Polygenic Traits, Heritabilities and Genetic Correlations SECTION II: GENETIC VARIATION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS 7: Within-population Variation - Genetic Diversity, Mating Systems and Stand Structure 8: Geographic Variation - Races, Clines and Ecotypes 9: Evolutionary Genetics - Divergence, Speciation and Hybridization 10: Gene Conservation - In Situ, Ex Situ and Sampling Strategies SECTION III: TREE IMPROVEMENT 11: Tree Improvement Programs - Structure, Concepts and Importance 12: Base Populations - Species, Hybrids, Seed Sources and Breeding Zones 13: Phenotypic Mass Selection - Genetic Gain, Choice of Traits and Indirect Response 14: Genetic Testing - Mating Designs, Field Tests and Test Implementation 15: Data Analysis - Mixed Models, Variance Components and Breeding Values 16: Deployment - Open-pollinated Varieties, Full-sib Families and Clones 17: Advanced-generation Breeding Strategies - Breeding Population Size, Structure and Management SECTION IV: BIOTECHNOLOGY 18: Genomics - Discovery and Functional Analysis of Genes 19: Marker-assisted Selection and Breeding - Indirect Selection, Direct Selection and Breeding Applications 20: Genetic Engineering - Target Traits, Transformation and Regeneration 1: Forest Genetics - Concepts, Scope, History and Importance SECTION I: BASIC PRINCIPLES 2: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Genome Organization, Gene Structure and Regulation 3: Transmission Genetics - Chromosomes, Recombination and Linkage Mendelian Genetics 4: Genetic Markers - Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Markers 5: Population Genetics - Gene Frequencies, Inbreeding and Forces of Evolution 6: Quantitative Genetics - Polygenic Traits, Heritabilities and Genetic Correlations SECTION II: GENETIC VARIATION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS 7: Within-population Variation - Genetic Diversity, Mating Systems and Stand Structure 8: Geographic Variation - Races, Clines and Ecotypes 9: Evolutionary Genetics - Divergence, Speciation and Hybridization 10: Gene Conservation - In Situ, Ex Situ and Sampling Strategies SECTION III: TREE IMPROVEMENT 11: Tree Improvement Programs - Structure, Concepts and Importance 12: Base Populations - Species, Hybrids, Seed Sources and Breeding Zones 13: Phenotypic Mass Selection - Genetic Gain, Choice of Traits and Indirect Response 14: Genetic Testing - Mating Designs, Field Tests and Test Implementation 15: Data Analysis - Mixed Models, Variance Components and Breeding Values 16: Deployment - Open-pollinated Varieties, Full-sib Families and Clones 17: Advanced-generation Breeding Strategies - Breeding Population Size, Structure and Management SECTION IV: BIOTECHNOLOGY 18: Genomics - Discovery and Functional Analysis of Genes 19: Marker-assisted Selection and Breeding - Indirect Selection, Direct Selection and Breeding Applications 20: Genetic Engineering - Target Traits, Transformation and Regeneration

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Book SynopsisAir pollution has been recognised as a potential problem for forests for nearly 150 years. Today, sulphur dioxide, fluorides, heavy metals and ozone are a significant problem, usually from large scale sources in industrial and urban areas. Problems are exacerbated in those regions where there is a poor understanding of the factors involved in forest decline and destruction and no rigorous control over it has been established. This book is the first report from the International Union of Forest Research Organization's (IUFRO) Task Force on Environmental Change and provides an assessment of the extent of air pollution impacts on forests in heavily polluted regions. It includes case studies from Russia, Ontario (Canada), California and the Mediterranean region. It is also the first volume in a new book series covering many areas of forestry research, published by CABI Publishing in association with IUFRO.Table of Contents1: Air Pollution and Forests in Heavily Industrialised Regions: an Introduction, J Oleksyn and J L Innes 2: Risks to Forests in Heavily Polluted Regions, A Luttermann and B Freedman, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada 3: General Characteristics of the Damage to Forest Ecosystems in Russia Caused by Industrial Pollution, N P Vassilieva et al, All-Russian Institute for Nature Conservation, Moscow, Russian Federation 4: The Impacts of Air Pollution on the Northern Taiga Forests of the Kola Peninsula, Russian Federation, O Rigina, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden and M V Kozlov, Department of Biology, University of Turka, Turka, Finland 5: The Impact of Heavy Metals on the Microbial Diversity of Podzolic Soils in the Kola Peninsula, G A Evdokimova, The Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, Apatity, Russian Federation 6: Air Pollution Impacts on Subarctic Forests at Noril’sk, Siberia, V I Kharuk, Sukachev Institute of Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation 7: Landscape Degradation by Smelter Emissions Near Sudbury, Canada and Subsequent Amelioration and Restoration, K Winterhalder, Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada 8: Impact of Air Pollution on the Forests of Central and Eastern Europe, K Vancura et al, Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic 9: Ozone Impacts on Californian Forests, P R Miller and M J Arbaugh, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, USDA, Riverside, USA 10: Ozone in the Mediterranean Region: Evidence of Injury to Vegetation, M –J Sanz and M M Millan, Centre for Environmental Studies of the Mediterranean, Valencia, Spain 11: Revitalisation and Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests Damaged by Air Pollution, M V Kozlov, Department of Biology, University of Turka, Turka, Finland 12: International Activities to Reduce Pollution Impacts at the Regional Scale, K Bull, ITE Monks Wood, Huntingdon, UK and G Fenech, Environment Canada, Downsview, Canada 13: The Future for Forests in Heavily Polluted Regions, J L Innes and J Oleksyn

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Book SynopsisThere is increasing pressure on the forestry industry to adopt sustainable practices, but a lack of knowledge about how to facilitate this, and how to measure sustainability. This book reviews current thinking about scientifically based indicators, and sustainable management of natural forests and plantations. Information is applicable to boreal, temperate and tropical biomes. The contents have been developed from papers presented at a IUFRO conference held in Australia, in order to develop a state-of the art report on this subject.Table of Contents1: Introduction, R J Raison, D W Flinn and A G Brown 2: Application of Criteria and Indicators to Support Sustainable Forest Management: Some Key Issues, R J Raison, D W Flinn and A G Brown 3: Policy Inflation, Capacity Constraints: A Challenging Environment in which to Define Sustainable Forest Management, S Bass 4: Between Voodoo Science and Adaptive Management: The Role and Research Needs for Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management, R Prabhu, H J Ruitenbeek, T J B Boyle and C J P Colfer 5: 'Whose Forest is this, Anyway?', C J P Colfer, A Salim, A M Tiani, B Tchikangwa, M A Sardjono and R Prabhu 6: Representing the Future: A Framework for Evaluating the Utility of Indicators in the Search for Sustainable Forest Management, S F McCool and G Stankey 7: SFM Indicators as Tools in Political and Economic Contexts - Actual and Potential Roles,E Rametsteiner 8: Legal Frameworks in C&I Approaches,O Eeronheimo 9: Collaborative Action and Technology Transfer as Means of Strengthening the Implementation of National Level Criteria and Indicators, F Castaneda 10: Inventory and Forecasting Productive Capacity for Natural Forests, R Penny, C Brack, K von Gadow and G Lund 11: Indicators for Sustained Productive Capacity of New Zealand and Australian Plantation Forests, C T Smith, A D Gordon, T W Payn, B Richardson, S H Schoenholtz, M F Skinner, P Snowdon and G G West 12: Indicators to Guide Management for Multiple Forest Use, F O Beese and B Ludwig 13: Impacts of Environmental Stress on Forest Health: The Need for More Accurate Indicators, J L Innes and D F Karnosky 14: Guidelines for the Application of Indicators to Measure and Interpret Change In Soil Properties and Processes in Forests, J Raison and M A Rab 15: Catchment And Process Studies In Forest Hydrology: Implications For Indicators Of Sustainable Forest Management, J Roberts 16: The Role of Forests In The Global Carbon Cycle, M U F Kirschbaum 17: Ecosystem-Level Forest Biodiversity and Sustainability Assessments for Forest Management, B Finegan, W Palacios, N Zamora and D Delgado 18: Assessing the Success of Off-Reserve Forest Management in Contributing to Biodiversity Conservation, P J Kanowski, S J Cork, D Lamb and N Dudley 19: Spatial Patterns and Fragmentation: Indicators for Conserving Biodiversity in Forest Landscapes, R H Loyn and C McAlpine 20: An Approach to Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management at the Sub-National Level in European Forestry, B Roman-Amat, M Hermeline and J-M Michon 21: Conclusions, R J Raison, D W Flinn and A G Brown

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Book SynopsisA companion to Forest History: International Studies on Socioeconomic and Forest Ecosystem Change which includes over 20 papers from the same conference held in Florence in 1998. This volume focuses on the different approaches and methods adopted in the study of forest history. The interdisciplinary nature of these studies is emphasized, bringing in the different perspectives of anthropologists, botanists, ecologists, foresters, historians, geneticists and geographers. This volume demonstrates the rich diversity of approaches and methods to forest history.Table of Contents1: Introduction: the Development of Forest History Research, 2: Changing Roles of the Forest History Society: New Approaches to Environmental History in North America, 3: How Professional Historians Can Play a Useful Role in the Study of an Interdisciplinary Forest History, 4: Putting ‘Flesh on the Carbon-Based Bones of Forest History’, 5: Forest Management from Positivism to the Culture of Complexity, 6: Economic Areas and Forest Nature: Search for Forest Images and the Understanding of Nature in the Past, 7: The Age and Size of Hazel (Corylus avellana L.) Stools of Nåtö Island, Åland Islands, SW Finland, 8: The Study of Charcoal Burning Sites in the Apennine Mountains of Liguria (NW Italy) as a Tool for Forest History, 9: Local Economic History, Environmental History and Forest History: Some Swedish Experiences and Suggestions, 10: Socioeconomical and Ecological Aspects of Coppice Woods History in the Lower Vosges (France) and the Black Forest (Germany), 11: The Forest History of Boreal Sweden – A Multidisciplinary Approach, 12: Preindustrial Forests in Central Europe as Objects of Historical-Geographical Research, 13: Methods Towards Studying Historical Changes in Forest and Landscape Patterns: a Comparison Between Two Nearby Socioeconomic Contexts, 14: Temporal and Spatial Changes in a Boreal Forest Landscape: GIS Applications, 15: Comparing Damages: Italian and American Concepts of Restoration, 16: Searching for Common Ground: Reconstructing Landscape History in East Africa’s Eastern Arc Mountains, 17: The ‘Alnoculture’ System in the Ligurian Eastern Apennines: Archive Evidence, 18: Between Nature and Culture: the Contribution of Anthropology to Environmental Study, 19: Prehistoric Cultures and the Development of Woodlands, 20: Integration Between Genetic and Archaeobotanical Data in a Study on the Evolutionary History of Pinus halepensis Mill. Populations in Southern Italy, 21: Xylology and Forest History, 22: Bristlecone Pines and Tales of Change in the Great Basin, 23: Biodiversity and Forest Management: From Biodiversity to Geochronodiversity, 24: Temporal Differences in Forest History at Two Sites in Eastern North America,

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Book SynopsisThis book has been developed from a workshop on Technological change in agriculture and tropical deforestation organised by the Center for International Forestry Research and held in Costa Rica in March, 1999. It explores how intensification of agriculture affects tropical deforestation using case studies from different geographical regions, using different agricultural products and technologies and in differing demographic situations and market conditions. Guidance is also given on future agricultural research and extension efforts.Table of Contents1: Preface 2: Introduction and overviews 3: Introduction: the role of agricultural technologies in tropical deforestation 4: Technological change and deforestation: a theoretical overview 5: Developed countries 6: The transition from deforestation to reforestation in Europe 7: Did a Green Revolution restore the forests of the American South? 8: Latin America 9: A general equilibrium analysis of technology, migration, and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon 10: Will intensifying pasture management in Latin America protect forests - or is it the other way around? 11: Intensified small-scale livestock systems in the western Brazilian Amazon 12: Technological change vs. economic policy as tools to control deforestation: the Atlantic zone of Costa Rica 13: Land use, agricultural technology, and deforestation among settlers in the Ecuadorian Amazon 14: Ecuador goes bananas: incremental technological change and forest loss 15: Soybean technology and the loss of natural vegetation in Brazil and Bolivia 16: Kudzu improved fallows in the Peruvian Amazon 17: Africa 18: Ambiguous effects of policy reforms on sustainable agricultural intensification in Africa 19: A century of technological change and deforestation in the miombo woodlands of northern Zambia 20: Livestock disease control and the changing landscapes of southwest Ethiopia 21: Tree-crops as deforestation and reforestation agents: The case of cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire and Sulawesi 22: Asia 23: Agriculture and deforestation in tropical Asia: an analytical framework 24: Deforestation, irrigation, employment, and cautious optimism in southern Palawan, the Philippines 24: Agricultural development policies and land expansion in a southern Philippine watershed 26: The impact of rubber on the forest landscape in Borneo 27: Summaries 28: Agricultural technology and forests: a recap 29: Policy implications 30: Index

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the importance of air pollution for the forests of rapidly industrialising countries and regions. Its geographical coverage includes South and Central America, Africa, and Asia, including Siberia, China and Korea. The problems presented by air pollution are placed within the more general context of sustainable development within these regions and the historical legacy that they are attempting to deal with. Attention is drawn to the very serious problems associated with poor air quality in cities such as Mexico City and Chongqing, China. Air pollution in these areas is amongst the worst in the world. Several chapters examine the importance of forest fires as a source of air pollution, with particular reference being made to the Southeast Asian fires in recent years. The available information about the effects of this pollution on the surrounding forests is reviewed, and recommendations are made for a better understanding of the impacts. A final chapter reviews the recTable of Contents1: Foreword 2: Air Pollution and Forestry in Rapidly Industrializing Countries: an Introduction 3: General Problems Associated with Air Quality in Developing Countries 4: Air Pollution Problems in the Forested Areas of Mexico and Central America 5: Regional Impacts, Consequences and Policy Options in Relation to Air Pollution in Latin America 6: Forest Problems in Africa 7: Forestry Problems Related to Air Pollution in Central Asia 8: Forestry Problems and Air Pollution in China and Korea 9: Forestry Problems in South-east Asia 10: Research on Air Pollution Impacts on Indian Forests 11: The Importance of Woodfuels as a Source of Pollution in Developing and Rapidly Industrializing Countries 12: Forest Fires and Atmospheric Pollution 13: Development of the Regional Policy Process for Air Pollution in Asia, Africa and Latin America 14: Conclusions

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Book SynopsisIn recent years there has been increased interest in growing willow and poplar trees, as fast-growing species that have several purposes, including use as biofuels for energy production. However, silviculture of these trees has been constrained by diseases such as Melampsora rusts. This book provides a comprehensive review of over two decades of extensive study of the rust diseases affecting willow and poplar. It provides insights into the population biology of Melampsora rusts in Europe, China, India and Chile, the genetics of their resistance, and their interaction with their hosts. The book offers information essential to the development of effective and sustainable disease control measures including the use of willow genotype mixtures and biological control agents.Table of ContentsSection 1: Taxonomy and overview of Rusts 1: Phylogenetic position of Melampsora in rust fungi inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences 2: A brief review of Melampsora rusts on Salix 3: The species of Melampsora on Salix (Salicaceae) 4: A brief summary of Melampsora species on Populus Section 2: Occurrence and population biology of Melampsora 5: Variability and population biology of Melampsora rusts on poplars 6: Genetic diversity of Melampsora willow rusts in Germany 7: Genetic structure of Melampsora larici-epitea populations in north-western Europe 8: Current taxonomic status of Melampsora species on poplars in China 9: Current status of poplar leaf rust in India 10: Melampsora Willow Rust in Chile and northern Europe; Part of a metapopulation? Section 3: Rust Resistance and Infection Process 11: Disease scoring by taking inoculum densities into consideration in leaf disc inoculations with poplar and willow rust 12: Interactions between poplar clones and Melampsora populations and their implications for breeding for durable resistance 13: Transgenic hybrid aspen with altered defensive chemistry - a model system to study the chemical basis of resistance? 14: Basidiospore-derived penetration by species of Cronartium and Melampsora: an outline Section 4: Rust Management 15: Host diversity, epidemic progression and pathogen evolution 16: SRC willow mixtures and rust disease development 17: SRC willow mixtures and yield 18: Effect of preventative fungicide sprays on Melampsora rust of poplar in the nursery Section 5: Rust mycoparasites and their potential for biological control 19: Biocontrol of rust fungi by Cladosporium tenuissimum 20: Biology and genetic diversity of the rust hyperparasite Sphaerellopsis filum in Central Europe

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Book SynopsisThe H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest is a slice of classic Oregon: due east of Eugene in the Cascade Mountains, the Andrews Forest comprises almost 16,000 acres of the Lookout Creek watershed. William Robbins turns his attention to the long-overlooked Andrews Forest and argues for its importance to environmental science and policy.

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Book SynopsisRevised and fully updated, this textbook provides a detailed yet accessible introduction to the key aspects of ecosystem services. Ecosystem services is one of the most powerful guiding principles for ecology, biodiversity conservation and the management of natural resources. It provides the basis of assessing the multiple values and services that ecosystems can provide to humankind, including diverse issues such as carbon sequestration, flood control, crop pollination and aesthetic and cultural services. The second edition of Ecosystem Services: Key Issues has been fully revised and updated to address policy and scientific developments, as well as new and emerging issues, such as nature-based solutions, zoonotic diseases and environmental justice. It includes new and updated case studies from across the world and each chapter contains further reading, learning objectives and discussion questions to aid student learning. The book details the historical roots of ecosystem services in the second half of the twentieth century, through initiatives such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, The Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. It shows how ecosystem goods and services can be categorised and valued in economic as well as non-monetary terms, while also highlighting some of the difficulties and limitations of valuation techniques. The author describes how themes such as systems thinking, social-ecological resilience and natural capital relate to ecosystem services, and how these can contribute to more sustainable and equitable development. This book will be essential reading for students and scholars of ecosystem services, ecology, environmental science, biodiversity conservation, environmental economics, natural resource management and sustainable development. It will also be of use to professionals and policymakers who are looking to integrate ecosystems and their services into their decision making processes.Table of Contents1. Introduction to ecosystem services 2. Origins and evolution of the concept and practice of ecosystem services 3. Conservation of ecosystems and their services 4. Understanding systems 5. Ethical considerations 6. Valuing ecosystem services 7. International initiatives to embed ecosystem services 8. Putting ecosystem services into practice 9. The economics of ecosystem services 10. Rebuilding the Earth 11. Ecosystem services and the pursuit of a sustainable future

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Book SynopsisApproaching the contributions of a world-wide sector of scientific institutions to addressing the extinction crisis, Botanical Gardens and Their Role in Plant Conservation brings together a diversity of perspectives. There are more than 3,600 botanical gardens worldwide, where trees, shrubs, herbs, and other plants are studied and managed in collections. They are foremost among efforts to conserve the diversity of living plant species and ensure that crucial biodiversity is available for the future of humanity.This book is a showcase for plant conservation, restoration, biodiversity, and related scientific and educational work of botanical gardens around the world, featuring both thematic overview chapters and numerous case studies that illustrate the critical role these institutions play in fighting extinction and ensuring plant diversity is available for sustainable use.FEATURES A wide range of case studies derived from practTable of ContentsChapter 1. Botanical Gardens and Plant Conservation Initiatives in Nepal Chapter 2. Role of Indonesian Botanic Gardens in Plant Conservation Chapter 3. Vietnam Botanic Gardens and Their Role in Plant Conservation Chapter 4. Botanical Gardens in Malaysia and Their Role in Plant Conservation Chapter 5. Ancillary Botanic Gardens: A Case Study of the American University of Beirut Chapter 6. Conservation of Threatened Plant Species and Protected Areas in Korean Botanical Gardens and Arboreta Chapter 7. Mongolian Botanical Gardens – Modern Plant Biodiversity Conservation Resources in Mongolia Chapter 8. Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, a Treasure House of Tropical Plant Germplasm, Blends into the Western Ghats, the Biodiversity Hotspot in Indian Region Chapter 9. Botanical Gardens and Their Role in Education, Research, Conservation, and Bioprospecting of Plant Diversity: Lead Botanical Garden (LBG), Shivaji University, Kolhapur – a Case Study Chapter 10. Lead Botanic Garden of Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India, and Its Role in Plant Conservation Chapter 11. Dhanikhari Experimental Garden-Cum-Arboretum Chapter 12. M. S. Swaminathan Botanical Garden – A Community Conservation Initiative in the Western Ghats of India Chapter 13. Calicut University Botanical Garden (CUBG) and Its Role in Plant Conservation Chapter 14. Role of Botanical Garden in Conservation and Citizen Science – A Case Study from Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore Chapter 15. The Role of the Kuzbass Botanical Garden in Solving Environmental Problems and in Plant Conservation In Situ and Ex Situ Chapter 16. Contribution of Botanic Garden to Plant Conservation: 233 Years of Conservation History and Actions of CSIR-NBRI Botanic Garden

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Book SynopsisApproaching the contributions of a world-wide sector of scientific institutions to addressing the extinction crisis, Botanical Gardens and Their Role in Plant Conservation brings together a diversity of perspectives. There are more than 3,600 botanical gardens worldwide, where trees, shrubs, herbs, and other plants are studied and managed in collections. They are foremost among efforts to conserve the diversity of living plant species and ensure that crucial biodiversity is available for the future of humanity.This book is a showcase for plant conservation, restoration, biodiversity, and related scientific and educational work of botanical gardens around the world, featuring both thematic overview chapters and numerous case studies that illustrate the critical role these institutions play in fighting extinction and ensuring plant diversity is available for sustainable use.FEATURES A wide range of case studies derived from practical Table of ContentsChapter 1. The Role of Botanical Gardens in Plant Conservation: An Introduction Chapter 2. Creating Communities of Practice for Plant Conservation and Catalyzing Action Chapter 3. Botanic Gardens Contribute to Food Security through Education, Conservation, and Research Chapter 4. The Millenium Seed Bank Partnership: A Global Network of Seed Banks Conserving Wild Plant Species and Supporting Agriculture, Forestry, Livelihoods, and Restoration Chapter 5. Botanic Gardens and the Access and Benefit Sharing Regime Chapter 6. The Role of Botanical Garden in Education and Plant Conservation toward the New Biodiversity and Plant Conservation Strategy Chapter 7. Conservation through Propagation and Dissemination Chapter 8. The Role of Botanical Gardens in Plant Diversity Conservation of Sierra Leone Chapter 9. Botanical Gardens in Tanzania and Their Role in Plant Conservation Chapter 10. The Role of Egyptian Botanical Gardens in Germplasm ConservationChapter 11. Botanical Gardens in Ghana and Their Role in Plant Conservation Chapter 12. Plant Rescue, Care and Restoration after Bushfire: A Few Recent Examples from Australia Chapter 13. Evolving to Address the State of the Environment – Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, South Australia

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Book SynopsisApproaching the contributions of a world-wide sector of scientific institutions to addressing the extinction crisis, Botanical Gardens and Their Role in Plant Conservation brings together a diversity of perspectives. There are more than 3,600 botanical gardens worldwide, where trees, shrubs, herbs, and other plants are studied and managed in collections. They are foremost among efforts to conserve the diversity of living plant species and ensure that crucial biodiversity is available for the future of humanity.This book is a showcase for plant conservation, restoration, biodiversity, and related scientific and educational work of botanical gardens around the world, featuring both thematic overview chapters and numerous case studies that illustrate the critical role these institutions play in fighting extinction and ensuring plant diversity is available for sustainable use.FEATURES A wide range of case studies dTable of ContentsChapter 1. The Role of Botanic Gardens and Arboreta in Plant Conservation in Serbia Chapter 2. Botanical Gardens in Slovakia and Their Role in Plant Protection Chapter 3. The Botanical Garden of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina Chapter 4. The Role of Russian Botanical Gardens in Plant Biodiversity Conservation Chapter 5. Illustrating the Roles of Botanical Gardens in Plant Conservation: The Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle: Contribution to the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Chapter 6. Botanical Gardens and Their Role in Plant Conservation in Greece Chapter 7. Plant Conservation Programs of the Balkan Botanic Garden of Kroussia and the Greek Gene Bank Chapter 8. Role of Atlanta Botanical Garden in Plant conservation Chapter 9. The Center for Plant Conservation – A Network of Botanical Gardens in USA and Its Role in Plant Conservation Chapter 10. Plant Conservation Efforts at the San Diego Botanic Garden Chapter 11. Plant Conservation at Houston Botanic Garden Chapter 12. Plant Conservation at the University of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley Chapter 13. Royal Botanical Gardens (Canada): Conservation of Plants and Nature by an Urban Botanical Garden Chapter 14. The Contribution of the Montreal Botanical Garden to Plant Conservation Chapter 15. A Botanical Garden Dedicated to the Conservation of Plants in the Dry Inter-Andean valleys of Bolivia Chapter 16. Conservation Efforts for a Threatened Endemic Palm of Bolivia: The Role of Botanical Gardens

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Book SynopsisForestland investment has surged in the past few decades as a result of land ownership change in the forestry industry. Timberland investment and management organizations and real estate investment trusts have bought up land and resources that were divested by vertically integrated forest products companies. This book provides a seminal coverage of this seismic shift in the industry, exploring the philosophy, driving factors, valuation, theory, research, implementation, practice, and effects of forestland investment. Across 15 chapters the book reviews the history of forestland investment; discusses the optimal forest rotation; explains timberland appraisal; examines the return drivers of forestland; analyzes timberland index construction methods and results; prices timberland assets; reviews financial and real options; investigates real option values in forestland management; evaluates timber harvest contracts; examines new opportunities in the emerging woody bioenergy market; and Table of Contents1. Introduction to Forestland Investment 2. Optimal Forest Rotation 3. Timberland Appraisals 4. Return Drivers of Timberland Investment 5. Property and Income Tax of Timberland 6. Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing Models 7. Timberland Index Construction Methods and Result 8. Financial Analysis of Timberland 9. Financial and Real Options 10. Managerial Options in Timberland Investment 11. Valuing Timber Harvest Contracts 12. Benefit and Cost Analysis of Forest Carbon 13. Emerging Woody Biomass Markets 14. Case Study: Weyerhaeuser & Plum Creek Merger 15. Concluding Remarks

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