Forensic science Books
Elsevier Science A Blueprint for Implementing Best Practice
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Forensic Laboratory Accommodation 3. Setting up a Laboratory 4. Health and Safety 5. Human Resources 6. IT Infrastructure 7. Incident Response 8. Working in the Laboratory
£86.36
Elsevier Science The Science of Crime Scenes
Book SynopsisTrade Review"This is a valuable resource text for anyone training crime scene investigators or in being one. It is wonderfully comprehensive in its treatment of the discipline from basic critical logic and management through the intimidating complexities of today’s crime scene processing. [...] It would be suggested reading for all laboratory forensic scientists who should want to know what the bits and pieces they are analyzing in the laboratory really mean in the context of crime scene investigation and crime reconstruction." --CSEye "…crime scene investigators will learn that returning to this book after each crime scene will lead to steady improvement of their skills from initial contact with a crime through testimony in court. The Science of Crime Scene is the first successful crime scene investigation manual for the information age." --Karl Williams, Chief Medical Examiners, Office of the Allegheny County Medical Examiner, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA "The second edition of The Science of Crime Scenes is not only excellent text for forensic scientists and crime scene investigators, but also a great reference book for the detective, prosecutor, and defense attorney. As the end user of the forensic sciences, I must understand what is possible (and not) as well as the mindset that is behind the work. This book provides that and more, and will be a well highlighted occupant of my bookshelf." – James Trainum (Criminal Case Consultant, Homicide Detective (Retired)Table of ContentsSECTION 1: THE SCIENCE OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION1. The “Forensic Mindset2. What Is a Crime Scene? SECTION 2: PERSONNEL AND PROCEDURES3. Personnel4. General Crime Scene Procedure SECTION 3: DETECTION AND RECONSTRUCTION5. Searching for Evidence: Recovery6. Evidence Types and Enhancement7. Crime Scene Reconstruction SECTION 4: SPECIAL CRIME SCENES8. Special Crime Scenes
£69.34
Pearson Education (US) Investigating HighTech Crime
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Intro to Computer Hardware, Software, and the Internet 2. Introduction to Operating Systems 3. High Tech Criminal Offenses 4. High Tech Frauds 5. High Tech VICE Crimes, Hackers, and Terrorists 6. Tracking & Tracing Internet Crimes 7. Pedophiles and Online Child Enticement 8. Online Intelligence Gathering 9. Legal Issues 10. Handling High Tech Evidence 11. Developing a Computer Forensics Unit APPENDIX A: STATE AND/OR AGENCY LISTING OF COMPUTER CRIMES TASK FORCES APPENDIX B: STATE COMPUTER CRIMES STATUTES–CITATIONS APPENDIX C: DEFINITIONS OF COMMON TERMS USED IN A HIGH TECH CRIME SEARCH WARRANT AFFIDAVIT
£123.44
Pearson Education (US) Network Forensics
Book SynopsisSherri Davidoff is a founder of LMG Security, an information security consulting and research firm. Her specialties include network penetration testing, digital forensics, social engineering testing, and web application assessments. She holds her S.B. in Computer Science and Electrical Engineering from MIT. Jonathan Ham has been commissioned to teach NCIS investigators how to use Snort, performed packet analysis from a facility more than two thousand feet underground, taught intrusion analysis to the NSA, and chartered and trained the CIRT for one of the largest U.S. civilian federal agencies. He is a founder of LMG Security. His favorite field is ip[6:2].Table of ContentsForeword xvii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxv About the Authors xxvii Part I: Foundation 1 Chapter 1: Practical Investigative Strategies 3 1.1 Real-World Cases 3 1.2 Footprints 8 1.3 Concepts in Digital Evidence 9 1.4 Challenges Relating to Network Evidence 16 1.5 Network Forensics Investigative Methodology (OSCAR) 17 1.6 Conclusion 22 Chapter 2: Technical Fundamentals 23 2.1 Sources of Network-Based Evidence 23 2.2 Principles of Internetworking 30 2.3 Internet Protocol Suite 35 2.4 Conclusion 44 Chapter 3: Evidence Acquisition 45 3.1 Physical Interception 46 3.2 Traffic Acquisition Software 54 3.3 Active Acquisition 65 3.4 Conclusion 72 Part II: Traffic Analysis 73 Chapter 4: Packet Analysis 75 4.1 Protocol Analysis 76 4.2 Packet Analysis 95 4.3 Flow Analysis 103 4.4 Higher-Layer Traffic Analysis 120 4.5 Conclusion 133 4.6 Case Study: Ann’s Rendezvous 135 Chapter 5: Statistical Flow Analysis 159 5.1 Process Overview 160 5.2 Sensors 161 5.3 Flow Record Export Protocols 166 5.4 Collection and Aggregation 168 5.5 Analysis 172 5.6 Conclusion 183 5.7 Case Study: The Curious Mr. X 184 Chapter 6: Wireless: Network Forensics Unplugged 199 6.1 The IEEE Layer 2 Protocol Series 201 6.2 Wireless Access Points (WAPs) 214 6.3 Wireless Traffic Capture and Analysis 219 6.4 Common Attacks 224 6.5 Locating Wireless Devices 229 6.6 Conclusion 235 6.7 Case Study: HackMe, Inc. 236 Chapter 7: Network Intrusion Detection and Analysis 257 7.1 Why Investigate NIDS/NIPS? 258 7.2 Typical NIDS/NIPS Functionality 258 7.3 Modes of Detection 261 7.4 Types of NIDS/NIPSs 262 7.5 NIDS/NIPS Evidence Acquisition 264 7.6 Comprehensive Packet Logging 267 7.7 Snort 268 7.8 Conclusion 275 7.9 Case Study: Inter0ptic Saves the Planet (Part 1 of 2) 276 Part III: Network Devices and Servers 289 Chapter 8: Event Log Aggregation, Correlation, and Analysis 291 8.1 Sources of Logs 292 8.2 Network Log Architecture 306 8.3 Collecting and Analyzing Evidence 311 8.4 Conclusion 317 8.5 Case Study: L0ne Sh4rk’s Revenge 318 Chapter 9: Switches, Routers, and Firewalls 335 9.1 Storage Media 336 9.2 Switches 336 9.3 Routers 340 9.4 Firewalls 344 9.5 Interfaces 348 9.6 Logging 352 9.7 Conclusion 355 9.8 Case Study: Ann’s Coffee Ring 356 Chapter 10: Web Proxies 369 10.1 Why Investigate Web Proxies? 369 10.2 Web Proxy Functionality 371 10.3 Evidence 375 10.4 Squid 377 10.5 Web Proxy Analysis 381 10.6 Encrypted Web Traffic 392 10.7 Conclusion 401 10.8 Case Study: Inter0ptic Saves the Planet (Part 2 of 2) 402 Part IV: Advanced Topics 421 Chapter 11: Network Tunneling 423 11.1 Tunneling for Functionality 423 11.2 Tunneling for Confidentiality 427 11.3 Covert Tunneling 430 11.4 Conclusion 439 11.5 Case Study: Ann Tunnels Underground 441 Chapter 12: Malware Forensics 461 12.1 Trends in Malware Evolution 462 12.2 Network Behavior of Malware 484 12.3 The Future of Malware and Network Forensics 491 12.4 Case Study: Ann’s Aurora 492 Afterword 519 Index 521
£51.29
Oxford University Press Finding the Truth in the Courtroom C
Book SynopsisIn many criminal trials, forensic technical evidence is lacking and triers of fact must rely on the reliability of eyewitness statements, identifications, and testimony; however, such reports can be riddled with deceptive statements or erroneous recollections. Based on such considerations, the question arises as to how one should weigh such eyewitness accounts given the theoretical and empirical knowledge in this field. Finding the Truth in the Courtroom focuses on how legal professionals, legal/forensic psychologists, and memory researchers can decide when statements or identifications are based on truthful or fabricated experiences and whether one can distinguish between lies, deception, and false memories. The contributors, key experts in the field, assemble recent experimental work and case studies in which deception or false memory plays a dominant role. Topics discussed relate to the susceptibility to suggestive pressure (e.g., Under which circumstances are children or adults theTrade ReviewThis book contains chapters by leading international experts on crucial topics in applying psychology to legal cases that hinge on psychological issues. Witnesses who are lying, reporting false information from memory, or feigning illness or forgetfulness can all compromise the search for truth in a case. The authors discuss the latest research on these topics and others. Lawyers and judges, as well as forensic psychologists, will find this book of great interest. * Henry L. Roediger, III, James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor, Washington University in St. Louis *Table of ContentsAbout the Editors Contributors Chapter 1: Deception and Memory in the Courtroom: An Overview Henry Otgaar and Mark L. Howe Part I: Memory in the Courtroom Chapter 2: Misinformation in the Courtroom Shari R. Berkowitz and Elizabeth F. Loftus Chapter 3: Suggestibility in the Courtroom: How Memory Can Be Distorted During the Investigative and Legal Process Fiona Gabbert and Lorraine Hope Chapter 4: When Spontaneous Statements Should Not Be Trusted: False Memories in Children and Adults Henry Otgaar and Mark L. Howe Chapter 5: A Neurobiological Account False Memories Vincent van de Ven, Henry Otgaar, and Mark L. Howe Part II: Children in the Courtroom Chapter 6: Assessing the Veracity of Children's Forensic Interviews: Implications for the Courtroom Hayden M. Henderson and Samantha J. Andrews Chapter 7: Putting Children's Memory and Suggestibility in their Place: An Analysis Considering Person, Topic, and Context Deborah Goldfarb, Gail S. Goodman, Rakel P. Larson, Alejandra Gonzalez, and Mitchell L. Eisen Part III: Deception in the Courtroom Chapter 8: Nonverbal Detection of Deception Aldert Vrij Chapter 9: Building a Case: The Role of Empirically Based Interviewing Techniques in Case Construction Timothy J. Luke, Maria Hartwig, Laure Brimbal, and Pär Anders Granhag Chapter 10: Deception Detection Using Psychophysiological and Neural Measures Ewout H. Meijer and Bruno Verschuere Part IV: Malingering in the Courtroom Chapter 11: Seven Myths About Feigning Marko Jelicic, Harald Merckelbach, and Irena Boskovi Chapter 12: False Symptom Claims and Symptom Validity Assessment Thomas Merten Index
£57.95
Oxford University Press, USA Expert Evidence and Criminal Justice Omclj Oxford Monographs on Criminal Law and Justice
Book SynopsisAs an increasing range of expert evidence becomes available to it, the criminal justice system must answer a series of questions such as: should experts be permitted to give evidence on the credibility of witnesses? This work explores these issues, utilizing work in a number of disciplines.Trade ReviewMike Redmayne writes perceptively ... The breadth of the book is one of its strengths ... Redmayne excels at clearing the underbrush from the British opinions - stripping away the stated reasons in an attempt to discern the existence of unstated reasons. * Jurimetrics Journal *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Constructing Cases with Science ; 3. Probability Models in Forensic Science ; 4. Presenting Probabilities in Court ; 5. The Admissibility of Expert Evidence: (1) Evidentiary Reliability ; 6. The Admissibility of Expert Evidence: (2) The Rule in R. v. Turner ; 7. Adversarial Experts ; Index
£116.88
Oxford University Press Planting Clues How plants solve crimes
Book SynopsisDavid Gibson explores the role played by plants (and fungi) in investigating crime. Highlighting a range of real cases in which botanical evidence was involved, he describes how leaves, seeds, and moss fragments can link a suspect to a crime scene. He also considers cases in which plants themselves can be the subject of crime.Trade ReviewThe narrative offers an interesting experience for the reader, who may learn and be entertained at the same time. * F. W. Yow, CHOICE *A great and fascinating read that will be devoured by both those lay folk into popular science and crime procedural stories alike, but also those who have studied biological sciences * Jonathan Cowie, SF2 Concatenation *There is some genuinely interesting material here... You can't fault Gibson's enthusiasm for the subject - and I suspect would-be botanists will enjoy it, while murder mystery writers will gain some excellent ideas for methods that their CSI teams can use. * Brian Clegg *A wide-ranging survey of forensic botany... [the book] has some great tales about how plants help solve crimes - and are used to commit them. * Kate Douglas, New Scientist *Gibson is a brisk, lucid writer...very good at conveying complex technical information smoothly. * Jake Kerridge, Daily Telegraph *Planting Clues opens up a world that few of us know about, and while the book is heavy on technical details, it manages to balance these with (often brutal) case studies that help to bring to life the many ways in which plants (and botanists) have helped to solve crimes. This makes the pages fly by. * Kit Gillet, Geographical *A great book... Written in a very accessible way, Planting Clues should not only appeal to the general reader, but will also serve well as a textbook for an undergraduate course on forensic... a most welcome addition to the literature on plant-based forensics. * Nigel Chaffey, Botany One *well-structured and readable * Margaret Graham, Frost Magazine *Gibson's case studies aren't for the faint of heart... Armchair criminologists...will find plenty to like. * , Publishers Weekly *Recommended reading for those interested in biology, forensic sciences, botany, and crime solving. * Defrosting Cold Cases *David Gibson provides an engaging introduction, eminently readable...Not only is Planting Clues a great and fascinating read that will be devoured by both those lay folk into popular science and crime procedural stories alike, but also those who have studied biological sciences, are doing so, or are thinking of embarking on a bioscience course...I highly recommend [it]. * Jonathan Cowie, SF2 Concatenation *This volume is an excellent, entirely new type of treatment of the subject matter, deeply researched, and clearly and succinctly written. * Shirley A. Graham, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, The Quarterly Review of Biology *Gibson's book includes a wide range of examples of 'forensic botany'...Gibson makes clear that taxonomic classification is at the heart of all forensic applications of botany, from Locard's dandelion to Wiltshire's palynomorphs. * Liam Shaw, London Review of Books *Table of ContentsPrologue: An Entangled Bank 1: A Tree Never Lies 2: Everything That's Touched 3: Getting Caught Up 4: Every Particle Tells A Story 5: It's in the Genes 6: A Forensic Pharmacopoeia 7: Hiding in Plain SightCoda: Moving Forward
£20.24
Oxford University Press Forensic Psychology A Very Short Introduction
Book SynopsisLie detection, offender profiling, jury selection, insanity in the law, predicting the risk of re-offending , the minds of serial killers and many other topics that fill news and fiction are all aspects of the rapidly developing area of scientific psychology broadly known as Forensic Psychology. Forensic Psychology: A Very Short Introduction discusses all the aspects of psychology that are relevant to the legal and criminal process as a whole. It includes explanations of criminal behaviour and criminality, including the role of mental disorder in crime, and discusses how forensic psychology contributes to helping investigate the crime and catching the perpetrators. It also explains how psychologists provide guidance to all those involved in civil and criminal court proceedings, including both the police and the accused, and what expert testimony can be provided by a psychologist about the offender at the trial. Finally, David Canter examines how forensic psychology is used, particularlTable of Contents1. The Excitement and Challenge of Forensic Psychology ; 2. How to Make a Criminal ; 3. Experts in Court ; 4. Psychology and Legal Proceedings ; 5. Working with Offenders ; 6. Working with Law Enforcement ; 7 ; Further Reading ; Glossary
£9.49
Taylor & Francis Inc Forensic Anthropology Training Manual
Book SynopsisProvides basic information on successfully collecting, processing, analyzing, and describing skeletal human remains.Forensic Anthropology Training Manual serves as a practical reference tool and a framework for training in forensic anthropology.The first chapter informs judges, attorneys, law enforcement personnel, and international workers of the information and services available from a professional forensic anthropologist. The first section (Chapters 2-11) is a training guide to assist in the study of human skeletal anatomy. The second section (Chapters 12-17) focuses on the specific work of the forensic anthropologist, beginning with an introduction to the forensic sciences.Learning Goals Upon completing this book readers will be able to: Have a strong foundation in human skeletal anatomy Explain how this knowledge contributes to the physical description and personal identification of human remains Understand the b
£82.64
The University of Chicago Press Postmortem How Medical Examiners Explain
Book SynopsisWhy did someone die? Should someone be held accountable? Can medical examiners unmask the perfect crime? Examining the world of medical examiners, this title presents the intricate web of pathological, social, legal, and moral issues in which they operate. It focuses on how medical examiners speak to the living on behalf of the dead.Trade Review"Fascinating, carefully crafted, and very illuminating. Strongly grounded in the three years Stefan Timmermans spent shadowing medical examiners, Postmortem also draws extensively on written materials about forensic pathology, medical examiners, the coroners who preceded them, and especially on the court records of the infamous 'nanny trial.' It is remarkably rich and gives us new insight into how we moderns manage death." - Carol Heimer, Northwestern University"
£33.91
The University of Chicago Press Postmortem
Book SynopsisDelves into the world of medical examiners to uncover the intricate web of social, legal, and moral issues in which they operate. This work reveals how medical examiners speak to the living on behalf of the dead.Trade Review"Postmortem is a revelatory account of how medical examiners use the tools of modern science to discern causes of suspicious deaths. Timmermans takes us deep into the grisly world of forensic investigators, with gripping stories from the autopsy table and vivid descriptions of the morgue's back rooms. His greatest contribution is to explain how and why medical examiners gained the authority to tell us why we die, and to help us understand what their perspective reveals and conceals. An unforgettable book." - Eric Klinenberg, author of Heat Wave "Postmortem is a wake-up call to forensic pathology.... This book should be viewed as provocative, rather than threatening, and should be a stimulus for important discussions and action by the forensic pathology community." - Journal of the American Medical Association"
£18.00
McGill-Queen's University Press Forensic Colonialism
Book SynopsisThough forensic genetic technologies are upheld as important tools of justice the development of these technologies has been accomplished through the ongoing genetic servitude of Indigenous Peoples. Forensic Colonialism explores how these controversial methods serve only privileged populations, and keep others exploited and criminalized.Trade Review“There is so little scholarly analysis of biotechnology, colonization, and policing theory – particularly regarding the Uyghurs, one of the most urgent sites of contemporary settler colonization – and it is vital that this research be shared with scientists and the public. Mark Munsterhjelm expertly takes on this difficult task with his encyclopedic knowledge of the history of DNA collection in this unique, engaging, and important book.” Darren Byler, Simon Fraser University and author of In the Camps: China's High-Tech Penal Colony
£35.10
Hachette Books Lay Them to Rest
Book Synopsis
£27.00
Routledge Forensic Psychiatry
Book Synopsis
£153.00
Taylor & Francis Detector Dogs and Scent Movement
Dogs detect scent from a source that is carried to them in a plume by the wind. The most important tool for a detector dog handler to have on searches is a knowledge of scent plume movement or scent dynamics (the science of scent movement). Such knowledge resides primarily in scientific journals that are largely inaccessible to detector dog handlers and written in language that is difficult to understand. Detector Dogs and the Science of Scent Movement: A Handlerâs Guide to Environments and Procedures retrieves, reviews, and interprets the results of pertinent scientific research on scent dynamics and presents these results in terms that are easier for handlers to understand.Information on the physiology of the dogâs nose, their sense of smell, and the properties of scent provide the essential information on the process of scenting. The composition of training aids for explosives, narcotics, human remains and other sources is discussed. Recommendations are made on the
£43.69
Taylor & Francis Ltd Medicinal Plants Chemistry Pharmacology and
Book SynopsisThis book details several important medicinal plants, their occurrence, plant compounds and their chemical structures, and pharmacological properties against various human diseases. It also gives information on isolation and structural elucidation of phytocompounds, bio-assays, metabolomic studies, and therapeutical applications of plant compounds.Table of ContentsSection 1: Medicinal plants. Gloriosa Superba, A Source Of The Bioactive Alkaloid Colchicine: Chemistry, Biosynthesis And Commercial Production. Botany, Phytochemistry And Pharmacological Activities Of Leea Species. Centella Asiatica (L.) Urb., an endowment from traditional medicine. The Importance Of Iranian Borage (Echium Amoenum Fisch. Mey): A Critical Review. Section 2: Plant metabolites and bioactive compounds. Plant Metabolites As New Leads To Drug Discovery- Approaches And Challenges. Introduction To Herbs And Their Therapeutical Potential: Recent Trends. Curcumin As A Potential Therapeutic For Alzheimer's Disease: A Multi-Targeted Approach. Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.): Bioactive Compounds And Health Benefits. Indian Tropical Fruits And Role Of Their Bioactive Compounds Against Human Diseases. Plant Alkaloids: Classification, Isolation And Drug Development. The Role Of Phytocompounds In Cosmeceutical Applications. Rosmarinic Acid: Sources, Properties, Applications And Biotechnological Production. Section 3: Bioactive potential of medicinal plants and treatment against diseases. Scientific Validation Of The Usefulness Of Withania Somnifera Dunal In The Prevention Of Diseases. Plant Essential Oils And Anticancer Properties: An Update. Isolation, Extraction, Preclinical And Clinical Studies On Major Anticancer Compounds Of Natural Origin. Anticancer Properties Of Medicinal Plants Listed In The Herbal Pharmacopoeia Of The United Mexican States.
£99.75
Taylor & Francis Training Law Enforcement Officers
Book SynopsisThis how-to guide covers every aspect of law enforcement training, from training academy administration, to designing curricula, to identifying and utilizing qualified instructors. Using the latest methodologies, technologies, and best practices, Training Law Enforcement Officers gives law enforcement administrators, training specialists, instructors, instructional systems designers, and academy directors a proven way to conduct training for all levels of practitioners, from basic law enforcement to high-risk law enforcement.At a time when scrutiny of law enforcement officers is on the rise, Training Law Enforcement Officers is an essential guide for those criminal justice practitioners seeking to minimize police error and make todayâs police force the best that it can be. Table of ContentsIntroduction. Conditions for the Transfer of Training. The Realities of Training. 70:20:10 Training. Human Performance Technology and Law. Enforcement Training. Learning vs. Performance. Conditions of Training. Determining If There Is a Need. Learner Analysis. The Power of Checklists. Conclusion. Cognitive Load Theory. The Brain under Stress and/or Pressure. Training for Pressure Situations. The Law Enforcement Mindset. Section One. Life at the Academy. SWOT. Law Enforcement Ethics Training. Section Two. Developing the Training Staff. Section Three. Curriculum Development. Cognitive Test Development. Focus on Officers' Performance. Field Training and Training Transfer. Distance Training. High RIsk Training. Learning Management System.
£34.19
Taylor & Francis Ltd Death Investigation
Book SynopsisDeath Investigation: A Field Guide, Second Edition is updated and expanded to include a chronological analysis of the death scene investigative process from the first notification to the autopsy and final report. This book is written for the standpoints of a forensic pathologist and a forensic toxicologist emphasizing essential elements of the death investigation and how the results impact the final cause and manner of death. Topics discussed include how to assess the body at the scene and how to properly investigate natural and unnatural deaths.The book discusses various means and causes of deaths, demonstrating how death manifests in various parts of the body. A section on traumatic injuries examines and illustrates with color photographs blunt force, sharp force, gunshot wounds, and a host of other injuries that the investigator is likely to confront. Natural death conditions and disease are discussed in a separate chapter devoted to the most common mannerTable of Contents1. Philosophy and Approach to Death Scene Investigation 2. The Body and the Scene 3. Assessment of the Body at the Scene 4. Detailed Physical Assessment of the Body at the Scene 5. Medical Records, History, and Other Investigative Records 6. Natural Diseases and Death Investigation 7. Traumatic Injuries and Definitions 8. Identification Methods 9. Signs of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Treatment 10. Signs of Previous Surgeries and Procedures 11.The Medical-Legal Autopsy 12. Toxicology in Death Investigations 13. Forensic Experts Appendix A: Medical Terminology Appendix B: Prescription Medicines
£47.49
Taylor & Francis Ltd Handbook of Forensic Photography
Book SynopsisHandbook of Forensic Photography is the most-comprehensive, definitive reference for the use of photography in the capture and presentation of forensic evidence. The intent is to inform the reader about the most complete and up-to-date methods to capture and reproduce images that most accurately represent the evidence.With the rise in importance of forensic science, crime and accident scene documentation has likewise increased in importanceânot the least of which has been forensic photography. The need to use accepted practice and protocols to guarantee the authenticity of images for evidence documentation is paramount for using it in court. And as with any discipline, there is an art to the science of forensic photography.Contributing authors from various backgroundsâeach experts in their fieldâhave provided numerous case examples, best practices, and recommendations for recognizing, recording, and preserving evidence using cameras and the latest digital image technology, including video and other imaging technologies. Chapters present such topics as videography, drone photography, underwater photography, crime scene photography, autopsy photographs, fire documentation, forensic odontology, and more. The book closes with coverage of courtroom displays, presenting imaging evidence and expert witness testimony in the courtroom.Handbook of Forensic Photography is a must-have reference for experienced crime scene photographers, death and crime scene investigators, police, and forensic professionalsâincluding medical examiners, odontologists, engineers, and forensic anthropologistsâwho frequently need to capture investigative photographs in the course of investigations.Table of Contents1. Forensic Photography: The Purpose. 2. Fair and Accurate Representation. 3. Development of Agency Standard Operating Procedures. 4. Getting Ready to Go. 4A. Using a Tripod. 4B. Mirrors and Go-Kits. 5. Visual Storytelling. 6. Digital Processing of Evidentiary Photography. 6A. Impression and Pattern Evidence. 7. Necessary Hardware: Operating, Holding, and Focusing. 7A. Light Metering for Exposure. 7B. High Dynamic Range (HDR). 8. Photography in Technical Investigations. 9. Three-Dimensional Photography and Its Applications. 10. Human Vision and Low-Light Photography. 10A. Existing Light Photography. 10B. Painting Evidence with Light. 10C. Dealing with Retroreflective Light. 11. Macrophotography. 12. Image Rectification and Angular Correction. 13. Firearms and Toolmarks. 13A. Bullet Trajectory Laser Photography. 14. Questioned Documents. 14A. Photography and Human Vision. 15. Clandestine or Surveillance Photography. 16. Videography. 17. Surveillance Videos Capture the Path of a Killer (Forensic Analysis). 18. Working the Field/Accident Scene. 19. Laser Scanning. 20. Large Scene Investigation. 21. Photographing Crime Scenes. 21A. Public and Private Scene Investigations: Fire, Crash, and Crime Scenes. 21B. Crime Scene Photogrammetry. 21C. Single-Photo Perpective Photogrammetry. 22. Aerial Coverage from Light Planes and Helicopters. 23. Drone Photography. 24. Inspection for Auditing Conditions. 25. Water and Underwater Photography. 26. Forensic Fire and Explosion Photography. 27. Injury Photography. 28. Documenting Findings in Interpersonal Violence. 29. Autopsy Photography. 30. Entomological Photograph Protocols. 31. Forensic Odontology. 32. Photography and Forensic Archaeology. 33. Forensic Anthropology and Photography. 33A. Forensic Facial Analysis. 33B. Forensic Age Progression. 33C. Forensic Facial Reconstruction and Postpartum Depiction. 34. Photography for Publication. 35. The Role of the Forensic Scientist as Expert Witness in Court. 36. Technology for Courtroom Displays and Demonstrative Presentations.and Expert Witness. 37. Teaching Forensic Photography in the 21st Century.
£99.75
Taylor & Francis Ltd Investigating Animal Abuse Crime Scenes
Book SynopsisAnimal abuse is well established as a gateway crime linked to other forms of antisocial behaviors and broader criminal violence. Increased awareness of the link between animal abuse and criminal behavior has led many states to mandate cross-reporting between agencies overseeing the welfare of families and of animals. Investigating Animal Abuse Crime Scenes: A Field Guide is designed for first respondersâsuch as animal control officers and police officersâas well as forensic scientists and other criminal justice professionals who are tasked with processing and analyzing animal crime scenes and evidence. The book serves equally as a useful resource for those in the field and laboratory, in addition to those professionals who are further along in the investigative and judicial process. The book addresses the key areas that must be considered in a thorough investigation of an animal abuse crime. This starts with general crime sceTable of ContentsAuthors. Contributors. Acknowledgments. Introduction. 1 The Role of the Animal Control Officer and First Responders. 2 Securing the Scene and First Actions. 3 Search and Seizure. 4 Documenting the Crime Scene. 5 Locating Physical Evidence. 6 Collection and Packaging of Evidence. 7 Special Considerations for Crime Scene Investigation and Evidence Processing of Animal Abuse. 8 Large-Scale Animal Abuse Cases. 9 Animal Abuse Involving Large Animals. 10 Releasing the Scene. 11 Biological Evidence. 12 Trace and Chemical Evidence. 13 Pattern Evidence. 14 Drugs and Controlled Substances. 15 Digital Evidence. 16 The Forensic Veterinarian at the Crime Scene. 17 Physical Examination of Living Victims. 18 Postmortem Interval. 19 The Forensic Necropsy. 20 Nonaccidental Injury. 21 Neglect and Hoarding. 22 Animal Sexual Abuse. 23 Animal Fighting. 24 Forensic Toxicology. 25 Report Writing and Court Testimony. Appendix A: Evidence Collection and Packaging Summary. Appendix B: Nonveterinary Crime Scene Kit. Appendix C: Example Veterinary Forensic Forms. Index.
£128.25
CRC Press Forensic Entomology
Book SynopsisThe use of forensic entomology has become established as a global science. Recent efforts in the field bridge multiple disciplines including, but not limited to, microbiology, chemistry, genetics, and systematics as well as ecology and evolution. The first book of its kind, Forensic Entomology: International Dimensions and Frontiers provides an inclusive summary of worldwide research on this body of knowledge that integrates aspects of a wide range of scientific realms.The book first reviews the history of forensic entomology, its accomplishments, and future challenges in nations around the world. It then provides perspectives of other scientific disciplines that are shaping the questions being addressed in the field. With an emphasis on medicolegal investigations, the book: Provides countrywide and regionally relevant syntheses on the current state and future of forensic entomologyTrade Review"I found each of the chapters to be well-written. The editors succeeded in compiling much of the history, current state, and future of forensic entomology and its related fields for this book. Overall, I found Forensic Entomology: International Dimensions and Frontiers to be very informative. It is an overview of the state-of-the-art of forensic sciences related to medicolegal entomology. Anyone interested in studying forensic entomology could glean a great deal (the good and the bad) from reading this book."—Susan V. Gruner, University of Florida, in Florida Entomologist Table of ContentsHistory, Accomplishments, and Challenges of Forensic Entomology in Australasia. Introduction to Australasian Chapters. China. Malaysia. Thailand. India. Australia and New Zealand. History, Accomplishments, and Challenges of Forensic Entomology in Europe. Introduction to European Chapters. Poland. United Kingdom. Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark. France. Austria, Switzerland, and Germany. Italy. Spain. History, Accomplishments, and Challenges of Forensic Entomology in Africa. Africa. History, Accomplishments, and Challenges of Forensic Entomology in the Americas. South America. North America. Dimensions and Frontiers of Forensic Entomology. Experimental Design, Inferential Statistics, and Computer Modeling. Bayesian Statistics and Predictive Modeling. Forensic and Decomposition Microbiology. Methodologies in Forensic and Decomposition Microbiology. Applications of Soil Chemistry in Forensic Entomology. Molecular Biology in Forensic Entomology. Engineering and Forensic Entomology. Behavioral Ecology and Forensic Entomology. Community Ecology. Surface Hydrocarbons as min-PMI Indicators. Fit for Purpose? Standard Practices. International Collaborations and Training. Current Global Trends and Frontiers. Index.
£43.69
Taylor & Francis Homicide
Book SynopsisForensic psychology plays an increasingly important role in criminal investigations and legal decision-making. Homicide: A Forensic Psychology Casebook guides readers through the practical aspects of homicide cases across the entire criminal justice system, from the investigative process to the criminal trial process, and beyond. Each chapter contains a description and analysis of selected cases and offenders, and provides a crime narrative and offender narrative to illustrate the underlying theory and practical considerations of homicide investigations. Criminal justice students and practitioners alike will benefit from the comprehensive scope of this text. In order to ensure fair and efficient criminal justice practices in the field of forensic investigation, there is still a need for conformity and standardization of sound protocols and approaches based on improved knowledge and education. This book is part of that effort to understand homicidal behavior aTable of ContentsPreface. Typical Homicides. Disgruntled and Revenge Killers. Domestic Homicides.Chapter 4 Reactive Aggressive Offenders. Sexual and Paraphilic Homicides. Rape Slayers.Chapter 6 Sexual Sadistic Offenders. Necrophilic Offenders. Belief-Oriented Homicides. Cult Killers. Ideological and Mission-Oriented Offenders. Occult Killers. Special Offender Populations. Psychopathic and Antisocial Offenders. Psychotic Killers. Battered Women Murderers. Adolescent Offenders. Mentally Impaired Offenders. Epilogue.
£37.99
Taylor & Francis An Introduction to Forensic Phonetics and
Book SynopsisThis textbook provides a practical introduction to the fields of forensic phonetics and forensic linguistics. Addressing how these fields are both distinct yet closely related, the book demonstrates how experts from both fields can work together to investigate and deliver justice in complex legal situations.With pedagogical features including real-life case studies, exercises, and links to further reading, topics covered include: Profiling from spoken and written texts Disputed meaning, and how meaning is made and evolves Interviewing techniques, including working around those who might be considered linguistically vulnerable Author and speaker determination Audio enhancement and authentication of recordings Language analysis in the asylum procedure (LAAP) Accompanied by online audio and video resources as well as signposting readers to freely available software to aid their studies, this book is the ideal
£34.19
CRC Press A History of Cyber Security Attacks
Book SynopsisStories of cyberattacks dominate the headlines. Whether it is theft of massive amounts of personally identifiable information or the latest intrusion of foreign governments in U.S. government and industrial sites, cyberattacks are now important. For professionals and the public, knowing how the attacks are launched and succeed is vital to ensuring cyber security. The book provides a concise summary in a historical context of the major global cyber security attacks since 1980. Each attack covered contains an overview of the incident in layman terms, followed by a technical details section, and culminating in a lessons learned and recommendations section.Table of ContentsHistorical Overview of Cyber Security. Morris Worm. MafiaBoy. Google in China. Attack on NASA. Church of Scientology. Solar Sunrise. Melissa Virus. Internet Domain Name Root Server Attack. Target. The Original Logic Bomb. The Estonian Cyberwar. Epsilon. Moonlight Maze. Titan Rain. Sasser Worm.
£40.84
Taylor & Francis Ltd Pathology of Sharp Force Trauma
Book SynopsisPathology of Sharp Force Trauma illustrates and details sharp force trauma as seen in forensic pathology case work as well as in the clinical setting, outlining how one informs the other in interpreting such trauma for medico-legal purposes. For the purposes of discussion, the author defines sharp force trauma as: The application of force to produce an injury which results in a clear division or separation of the skin and underlying tissues. Sharp force trauma may be caused by all manner of implements with a sharp edge and/or pointed end, whether or not they have been produced for use as a weapon, and includes knives, broken glass, scissors and many others, to name but a few. Certain tools, such as axes or machetes, combine a sharp edge with heavy weight and produce injuries with both sharp and blunt impact elements. In many countries, with the exception of those where firearms are readily available, sharp force traumaâparticularly the use of knivesâis the most common
£71.24
Taylor & Francis Human and Nonhuman Bone Identification
When a bone of unknown origin is found at a location, forensic implications arise immediately. Is this bone human, and if so, is it evidence of a murder? Human and Non-Human Bone Identification: A Color Atlas presents a comprehensive handbook of photographs and other information essential for law enforcement and forensic anthropologists when examining skeletal remains and determining species and body parts. Presenting over 3000 color photographs, this atlas is a practical comparative guide to the differences among species for nearly all bones in the body. Useful in either the laboratory or the field, it features images of the types of bones that are most commonly discovered, and provides annotations pointing out salient features.The book begins with a section on general osteology and explains the major anatomical differences between humans and other animals. It compares human and non-human bones, categorized by type of bone, and includes
£114.00
Taylor & Francis Forensic DNA Evidence Interpretation
Book SynopsisThis authoritative book presents information on every aspect of DNA analysis, including modern interpretation methods and issues as well as contemporary population genetic models available for estimating DNA frequencies or likelihood ratios. With an emphasis on statistical analyses, this fully updated second edition links the biological, forensiTrade Review"The second edition of Forensic DNA Evidence Interpretation … provides an extensive reference for analysts performing the complex process of DNA interpretation. As the forensic community confronts DNA interpretation inconsistencies, the timely release of this updated text provides a resource … for DNA practitioners to better understand current DNA interpretation methods."—Lyndsie N. Ferrara, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; published in Forensic Science Review, January 2018 Table of ContentsBiological Basis for DNA Evidence. A Framework for Interpreting Evidence. Population Genetic Models. Relatedness. Validating Databases. Sampling Effects. Single Source Samples. Complex Profiles. The Continuous Model. Non-Autosomal Forensic Markers. Parentage Testing. Disaster Victim Identification, Identification of Missing Persons and Immigration Cases. DNA Intelligence Databases.
£75.99
Taylor & Francis Practical Aspects of Rape Investigation
Book SynopsisThis latest edition addresses rape and sexual assaults from all clinical, pathological, medical, and legal aspects. The book focuses on the victim and covers contemporary issues in sexual violence, investigative aspects of rape and sexual assault, offender fantasy, the personality of the offender, collection of evidence, medical examinations, and treatment, as well as trial preparation issues. Special topics include pedophiles, female and juvenile offenders, drug-facilitated rape, sexual sadism, elder abuse, and sexual assault within the military.
£59.84
Taylor & Francis DNA Analysis for Missing Person Identification in Mass Fatalities
Book SynopsisAdvances in DNA technology have expanded such that forensic DNA profiling is now considered a routine method for identifying victims of mass fatalities. Originating from an initiative funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of State, DNA Analysis for Missing Person Identification in Mass Fatalities presents a collection of training modules that supply comprehensive instruction in these complex techniques. The book begins with a concise overview of DNA analysis methods and their use in identifying victims of mass fatalities. It then goes on to explore: Mass fatality response operations, including body recovery, mortuary operations, family assistance, the identification of human remains, and psychosocial support for families Best practices in DNA sample collection and the different types of reference samples that can be used to identify a reported missing (RM) individual ATable of ContentsHuman Identification through DNA Analysis. Mass Fatalities. Post-Mortem Functions—Body Recovery and Morgue Operations. Ante-Mortem Functions—Family Assistance Operations. Identification of Remains. Identification and Collection of Biological Samples from Human Remains. Identification and Collection of DNA Reference Samples. Application of DNA Technology for Human Identification. DNA Profile Analysis and Interpretation. DNA Sample, Case, and Data Tracking Using Information Technology Tools. Implementing and Maintaining a Quality DNA Program. Laboratory Development. Delivering Effective Training. Terminology. Index.
£68.39
Taylor & Francis Essential Forensic Pathology Core Studies and
Book SynopsisA myriad of different scenarios await those entering the field of forensic pathology. This volume helps prepare pathologists in training by establishing what they must know about the most common death scenes they will encounter. The book includes chapters on scene investigation, identification, postmortem changes, and causes of death, includingTrade Review"Although the book is primarily aimed at young and trainee forensic pathologists, even senior pathologists stand to gain a lot. I would imagine that it is a must-buy for all forensic pathologists."—Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology"Although the book is primarily aimed at young and trainee forensic pathologists, even senior pathologists stand to gain a lot. I would imagine that it is a must-buy for all forensic pathologists."—Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and ToxicologyTable of ContentsSection I: Introduction. Introduction: Coaching Objectives in Medical Education. Section II: A Program in Forensic Pathology. The Forensic Pathology Residency Program with Rotations. Section III: Forensic Pathology Essentials. The Governmental Role in Forensic Pathology. The Medical Examiner and Coroner Systems with Comparisons and Evaluations. The Academic Discipline of Forensic Pathology. Scene Investigation. Identification: Problems and Methods. Postmortem Changes (Signs of Death). The Medical Legal Autopsy and the Ethics of Pathological Diagnosis by Forensic Pathologists; Suicide as a Topic Area in Forensic Pathology. The Cause and Mechanisms of Death: Natural Death and the Changes of Aging; Geriatric Pathology; and End-of-Life Care, Hospice Care, and Palliative Care. Sudden Death: Forensic Clinical Microbiology. Physical Trauma. Secondary Effects and Complications of Trauma. Gunshot Wounds. Incised and Stab Wounds. Asphyxiation. Blunt Force Injuries and Pediatric Homicide. Electrical and Thermal Injury. Gas Asphyxiation. Occupational Diseases. Sexual Deaths and Serial Deaths. Infanticide, Abortion, and Crib Death. Alcoholism and Deaths from Addiction. Analytical Toxicology. Classification of Death; Therapeutic Misadventures. Trace Evidence and Criminalistics; Forensic Science. Recent Advances in Medical Ethics Affecting Forensic Medicine and Pathology. International Forensic Medicine and Pathology Practice; Forensic Nursing; Epidemics and Laboratory Identifications. Urban Warfare and Nationalistic Weaponry. Bombs, Explosives, and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Mental Disease, Paranoia, Aggression, and the Central Nervous System. The New Electronic Media, Forensic Informatics, Forensic Pathology on the Web, and Digital Forensics. The Asylum and the 60s: The Reform of Mental Disease Asylums and the Consequences from the 70s to Today. Epidemics and Public Health; Molecular Pathology. Why Did the Forensic Sciences Become Popular? The Story and Heritage of Ronald Kornblum, MD, Pathologist. Organizational Complexity in the Forensic Sciences. Forensic Sciences and the Military. Digital Forensics and Forensic Informatics; The New Web and Internet. Advanced Microscopic Techniques. Forensic Entomology in Forensic Pathology. Clinical Forensic Pathology. Practical Advice for Forensic Pathologists. Section IV: Dedication. Dedication to Russell S. Fisher, MD. Index.
£68.39
Taylor & Francis Ltd Fundamentals of Fingerprint Analysis Second
Book SynopsisBuilding on the success of the first Editionthe first pure textbook designed specifically for students on the subjectFundamentals of Fingerprint Analysis, Second Edition provides an understanding of the historical background of fingerprint evidence, and follows it all the way through to illustrate how it is utilized in the courtroom. An essential learning tool for classes in fingerprinting and impression evidencewith each chapter building on the previous one using a pedagogical formatthe book is divided into three sections. The first explains the history and theory of fingerprint analysis, fingerprint patterns and classification, and the concept of biometricsthe practice of using unique biological measurements or features to identify individuals. The second section discusses forensic light sources and physical and chemical processing methods. Section three covers fingerprint analysis with chapters on documentation, crime scene processing, fingerprint and palmTable of ContentsPart 1. Introduction to Fingerprints 1. Introduction 2. History 3. Embryology and Physiology 4. Fingerprint Patterns and Classification 5. Known Fingerprints 6. The Nature of Latent Prints 7. Biometrics: Livescan and AFIS Part 2. Latent Print Development 8. Introduction to Processing Methods 9. Forensic Light Sources 10. Physical Processing Methods 11. Chemical Processing Methods: Porous Substrates 12. Chemical Processing Methods: Nonporous Substrates 13. Chemical Processing Methods: Other Substrates and Matrices Part 3. Fingerprint Analysis 14. Documentation 15. Crime Scene Processing 16. Fingerprint Comparisons: ACE-V Methodology 17. Fingerprint Comparisons: Point Counting, Error Rates and Statistics 18. Palm Print Comparisons 19. Courtroom Testimony Appendix A. Sequential Processing Appendix B. Latent Print Reagent Formulations and Processes Appendix C. Potential Hazardous Effects of Common Fingerprint Powders and Chemical Reagents Appendix D. Curriculum Vitae (CV) Appendix E. Expert Witness Testimony of Sebastian F. Latona, FBI
£61.74
Taylor & Francis The Psychology of Death Investigations Behavioral
Book SynopsisThe Psychology of Death Investigations outlines definitively how behavioral evidence can often provide the necessary components and missing pieces to complement physical evidence as an essential tool for incident reconstruction. In order to determine the direction of an investigation and to prioritize leads, if necessary, death investigators must establish the manner of a death: natural, accident, homicide or suicide. The most overlooked aspect of death investigation is the psychological dimension, which can provide unique leads, correct false assumptions, enhance investigative awareness, and solve cases in surprising ways. In an estimated 10â20% of cases, the manner of death cannot be determined, or worse, has been erroneously categorized. Since many jurisdictions canât afford behavioral consultants, this book has been written to provide practical information for a basic psychological analysis. If the circumstances surrounding a death are equivocal, psychological consultants can compile information retrospectively about a deceased personâs mental state and possible motive to assist with unravelling ambiguity about the manner of death. This is the primary function of a psychological autopsy, and, as such, this is the first book of its kind dedicated solely to the topic. In the event that the manner of death is determined to be a homicide, behavioral profiling can help to focus the potential pool of suspects. Professionals and students alike will benefit from the exercise of cognitive awareness and the application of psychological logic presented. Psychologists, medical examiners, coroners, attorneys, fraud examiners, law enforcement personnel, death and homicide investigators, and students enrolled in criminal profiling, forensic psychology, and criminal justice programs will find this text to be a compelling and insightful reference to add to their professional toolkit.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Victimology and Behavioral Evidence Part 1. Psychological Autopsies 1. History and Concepts 2. The Consulting Suicidologist 3. Suicide Categories, Oddities, and Notes 4. Staging Part 2. Behavioral Profiling 5. History and Purpose 6. Methodology 7. Criminal Analyses 8. Motive and Threat 9. Behavioral Evidence in Court 10. Behavioral Analyses in Perspective
£61.74
Taylor & Francis The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human
Book SynopsisMethodologies and legislative frameworks regarding the archaeological excavation, retrieval, analysis, curation and potential reburial of human skeletal remains differ throughout the world. As work forces have become increasingly mobile and international research collaborations are steadily increasing, the need for a more comprehensive understanding of different national research traditions, methodologies and legislative structures within the academic and commercial sector of physical anthropology has arisen. The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation provides comprehensive information on the excavation of archaeological human remains and the law through 62 individual country contributions from Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Australasia.More specifically, the volume discusses the following: What is the current situation (including a brief history) of physical anthropology in the country? <Trade Review'This will be an incredibly useful source of information for scholars around the world who are, or may be hoping to be, working with human remains from archaeological contexts in particular places across the globe. It will, furthermore, save much time searching for relevant information to help their work, and provide much needed contacts ... an essential reference text for students working on archaeological human remains.'- Charlotte Roberts, Durham University, UK Table of ContentsPart 1: Introduction Part 2: Europe Part 3: Rest of the World, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Asia, Oceania Part 4:Conclusion Appendix
£58.89
Penguin Putnam Inc Deaths Acre
Book Synopsis“Fans of the forensics-oriented novels of such mystery writers as Kathy Reichs and Patricia Cornwell...not to mention television series like CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, will make an eager audience for this one.”—BooklistOn a patch of land in the Tennessee hills, human corpses decompose in the open air, aided by insects, bacteria, and birds, unhindered by coffins or mausoleums. This is Bill Bass’s “Body Farm,” where nature takes its course as bodies buried in shallow graves, submerged in water, or locked in car trunks serve the needs of science and the cause of justice. In Death’s Acre, Bass invites readers on an unprecedented journey behind the gates of the Body Farm where he revolutionized forensic anthropology. A master scientist and an engaging storyteller, Bass reveals his most intriguing cases for the first time. He revisits the Lindbergh kidnapping and murder, explores the mystery of a headless corpse whose identity astonished police, divulges how the telltale traces of an insect sent a murderous grandfather to death row—and much more.INCLUDES PHOTOGRAPHSTable of ContentsDeath's AcreForeword by Patricia Cornwall1. The Bones of the Eaglet2. Dead Indians and Dam Engineers3. Bare Bones: Forensics 1014. The Unsavory Uncle5. The Case of the Headless Corpse6. The Scene of the Crime7. Death's Acre: The Body Farm Is Born8. A Bug for Research9. Progress and Protest10. Fat Sam and Cadillac Joe11. Grounded in Science12. The Zoo Man Murders13. Parts Unknown14. Art Imitates Death15. More Progress, More Protest16. The Backyard Barbeque17. The Not-So-Accidental Tourist18. the Bloody Beneficiary19. Ashes to Ashes20. And When I DieAppendix I: Bones of the Human SkeletonAppendix II: Glossary of Forensic and Anthropological TermsAcknowledgmentsIndex
£16.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Introduction to Statistics for Forensic
Book SynopsisIntroduction to Statistics for Forensic Scientists is an essential introduction to the subject, gently guiding the reader through the key statistical techniques used to evaluate various types of forensic evidence.Trade Review“It deserves a place in the library of any serious forensic scientist and I congratulate the author on his achievement.” (Significance, 1 March 2006) "…it does a wonderful job of connecting forensic science to the field of statistics." (Technometrics, August 2007)Table of ContentsPreface. List of Figures. 1. A short history of the statistics in the law. 1.1 History. 1.2 Some recent uses of statistics in forensic science. 1.3 What is probability?. 2. Data types, location and dispersion. 2.1 Types of data. 2.2 Populations and samples. 2.3 Distributions. 2.4 Location. 2.5 Dispersion. 2.6 Hierarchies of variation. 3. Probability. 3.1 Aleatory probability. One throw of a six-sided die. A single throw with more than one outcome of interest. Two-sided dice. 3.2 Binomial probability. 3.3 Poisson probability. 3.4 Empirical probability. Modelled empirical probabilities. Truly empirical probabilities. 4. The normal distribution. 4.1 The normal distribution. 4.2 Standard deviation and standard error of the mean. 4.3 Percentage points of the normal distribution. 4.4 The t-distribution and the standard error of the mean. 4.5 t-testing between two independent samples. 4.6 Testing between paired observations. 4.7 Confidence, significance and p-values. 5. Measures of nominal and ordinal association. 5.1 Association between discrete variables. 5.2 X2 test for 2 x 2 table. 5.3 Yules Q. 5.4 X2 tests for greater than 2 x 2 tables. 5.5 02 and Cramers V2. 5.6 The limitations of X2 testing. 5.7 Interpretation and conclusions. 6. Correlation. 6.1 Significance tests for correlation coefficients. 6.2 Correlation coefficients for non-linear data. 6.3 The coefficient of determination. 6.4 Partial correlation. 6.5 Partial correlation controlling for two or more covariates. 7. Regression and calibration. 7.1 Linear models. 7.2 Calculation of a linear regression model. 7.3 Testing 'goodness of fit'. 7.4 Testing coefficients a and b. 7.5 Residuals. 7.6 Calibration. A linear calibration model. Calculation of a confidence interval for a point. 7.7 Points to remember. 8. Evidence evaluation. 8.1 Verbal statements of evidential value. 8.2 Evidence types. 8.3 The value of evidence. 8.4 Significance testing and evidence evaluation. 9. Conditional probability and Bayes' theorem. 9.1 Conditional probability. 9.2 Bayes' theorem. 9.3 The value of evidence. 10. Relevance and the formulation of propositions. 10.1 Relevance. 10.2 Hierarchy of propositions. 10.3 Likelihood ratios and relevance. 10.4 The logic of relevance. 10.5 The formulation of propositions. 10.6 What kind of propositions can we not evaluate?. 11. Evaluation of evidence in practice. 11.1 Which database to use. Type and geographic factors. DNA and database selection. 11.2 Verbal equivalence of the likelihood ratio. 11.3 Some common criticisms of statistical approaches. 12. Evidence evaluation examples. 12.1 Blood group frequencies. 12.2 Trouser fibres. 12.3 Shoe types. 12.4 Airweapon projectiles. 12.5 Height description from eyewitness. 13. Errors in interpretation. 13.1 Statistically based errors of interpretation. Transposed conditional. Defender's fallacy. Another match error. Numerical conversion error. 13.2 Methodological errors of interpretation. Different level error. Defendant's database fallacy. independence assumption. 14. DNA I. 14.1 Loci and alleles. 14.2 Simple case genotypic frequencies. 14.3 Hardy-weinberg equilibrium. 14.4 Simple case allelic frequencies. 14.5 Accounting for sub-populations. 15. DNA II. 15.1 Paternity - mother and father unrelated. 15.2 Database searches and value of evidence. 15.3 Discussion. 16. Sampling and sample size estimation. 16.1 Estimation of a mean. 16.2 Sample sizes for t-tests. Two sample t-test. One sample t-test. 16.3 How many drugs to sample. 16.4 Concluding comments. 17. Epilogue. 17.1 Graphical models and bayesian networks. Graphical models. Bayesian networks. 17.2 Kernel density estimation. 17.3 Multivariate continuous matching. Appendix A: Worked solutions to questions. Appendix B: Percentage points of the standard normal distribution. Appendix C: Percentage points of t-distributions. Appendix D: Percentage points of X2-distributions. Appendix E: Percentage points of beta-beta distributions. Appendix F: Percentage points of f-distributions. Appendix G: Calculating partial correlations using excel software. Appendix H: Further algebra using the "third law". References. Index.
£122.35
John Wiley & Sons Inc Introduction to Statistics for Forensic
Book SynopsisIntroduction to Statistics for Forensic Scientists is an essential introduction to the subject, gently guiding the reader through the key statistical techniques used to evaluate various types of forensic evidence.Trade Review“It deserves a place in the library of any serious forensic scientist and I congratulate the author on his achievement.” (Significance, 1 March 2006) "…useful for those who are becoming introduced to forensic science." (The American Statistician, August 2007) "...the book is an easy read...it would appeal to students of forensic science at both introductory and advanced levels." (Journal of Tropical Pedriatrics, 2nd February 2006) " … deserves a place in the library of any serious forensic scientist and I congratulate the author on his achievement." (Significance, Issue 3, 2006) " … an easy read with many complex concepts described in a lucid style." (Journal of Tropical Pediatrics: Vol. 52; 4, 2006) "One of the most important issues in using likelihood ratios in a forensic context may well be determining the relevant population of a sample. This is an are that is discussed throughout the text…gives insight…" (Canadian Society of Forensic Science, October 2006)Table of ContentsPreface. List of Figures. List of Tables. 1. A short history of statistics in the law. 1.1 History. 1.2 Some recent uses of statistics in forensic science. 1.3 What is probability?. 2. Data types, location and dispersion. 2.1 Types of data. 2.2 Populations and samples. 2.3 Distributions. 2.4 Location. 2.5 Dispersion. 2.6 Hierarchies of variation. 3. Probability. 3.1 Aleatory probability. 3.2 Binomial probability. 3.3 Poisson probability. 3.4 Empirical probability. 4. The normal distribution. 4.1 The normal distribution. 4.2 Standard deviation and standard error of the mean. 4.3 Percentage points of the normal distribution. 4.5 t-testing between two independent samples. 4.6 Testing between paired observations. 4.7 Confidence, significance and p-values. 5. Measures of nominal and ordinal association. 5.1 Association between discrete variables. 5.2 X2 test for a 2 x 2 table 5.3 Yules Q. 5.4 X2 tests for greater than 2 x 2 tables. 5.5 02 and crammers V2. 5.6 The limitations of X2 testing. 5.7 Interpretation and conclusions. 6. Correlation. 6.1 Significance tests for correlation coefficients. 6.2 Correlation coefficients for non-linear data. 6.3 The coefficient of determination. 6.4 Partial correlation. 6.5 Partial correlation controlling for two of more covariates. 7. Regression and calibration. 7.1 Linear models. 7.2 Calculation of a linear regression model. 7.3 Testing 'goodness of fit'. 7.4 Testing coefficients a and b. 7.5 Residuals. 7.6 Calibration. 7.7 Points to remember. 8. Evidence evaluation. 8.1 Verbal statements of evidential value. 8.2 Evidence types. 8.3 The value of evidence. 8.4 Significance testing and evidence evaluation. 9. Conditional probability and Bayes' theorem. 9.1 Conditional probability. 9.2 Bayes' theorem. 9.3 The value of evidence. 10. Relevance and the formulation of propositions. 10.1 Relevance. 10.2 Hierarchy of propositions. 10.3 Likelihood ratios and relevance. 10.4 The logic of relevance. 10.5 The formulation of propositions. 10.6 What kind of propositions can we not evaluate. 11. Evaluation of evidence in practice. 11.1 Which database to use. 11.2 Verbal equivalence of the likelihood ratio. 11.3 Some common criticisms of statistical approaches. 12. Evidence evaluation examples/ 12.1 Blood group frequencies. 12.2 Trouser fibres. 12.3 Shoe types. 12.4 Airweapon projectiles. 12.5 Height description from eyewitness. 13. Errors in interpretation. 13.1 Statistically based errors of interpretation. 13.2 Methodological errors of interpretation. 14. DNA I. 14.1 Loci and alleles. 14.2 Simple case genotypic frequencies. 14.3 Hardy-weinberg equilibrium. 14.4 Simple case allelic frequencies. 14.5 Accounting for sub-populations. 15. DNA II. 15.1Paternity -mother and father unrelated. 15.2 Database searches and value of evidence. 15.3 Discussion. 16. Sampling and sample size estimation. 16.1 Estimation of a mean. 16.2 Sample sizes for t-tests. 16.3 How many drugs to sample. 16.4 Concluding comments. 17. Epilogue. 17.1 Graphical models and Bayesian Networks. 17.2 Kernel density estimation. 17.3 Multivariate continuous matching. Appendix A: Worked solutions to questions. Appendix B: Percentage pints of the standard normal distribution. Appendix C: Percentage points of t-distributions. Appendix D: Percentage points of X2-distributions. Appendix E: Percentage points of beta-beta distributions. Appendix F: Percentage points of f-distributions. Appendix G: Calculating partial correlations using 'Excel' software. Appendix H: Further algebra using the "third law". References. Index.
£38.66
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Digital Forensics
Book SynopsisThe vast majority of modern criminal investigations involve some element of digital evidence, from mobile phones, computers, CCTV and other devices. Digital Forensics: Digital Evidence in Criminal Investigations provides the reader with a better understanding of how digital evidence complements traditional scientific evidence and examines how it can be used more effectively and efficiently in a range of investigations. Taking a new approach to the topic, this book presents digital evidence as an adjunct to other types of evidence and discusses how it can be deployed effectively in support of investigations. The book provides investigators/SSMs/other managers with sufficient contextual and technical information to be able to make more effective use of digital evidence sources in support of a range of investigations. In particular, it considers the roles played by digital devices in society and hence in criminal activities. From this, it examines the role and nature of evidentTrade Review?This book presents digital evidence as an adjunct to other types of evidence and discusses how it can be deployed effectively in support of investigations.? (Reviews, May 2009)Table of ContentsPreface vii Acknowledgments xi List of Tables xii List of Figures xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Key developments 1 1.2 Digital devices in society 5 1.3 Technology and culture 6 1.4 Comment 7 2 Evidential Potential of Digital Devices 9 2.1 Closed vs. open systems 10 2.2 Evaluating digital evidence potential 17 3 Device Handling 19 3.1 Seizure issues 21 3.2 Device identification 31 3.3 Networked devices 36 3.4 Contamination 40 4 Examination Principles 43 4.1 Previewing 43 4.2 Imaging 47 4.3 Continuity and hashing 48 4.4 Evidence locations 49 5 Evidence Creation 55 5.1 A seven-element security model 56 5.2 A developmental model of digital systems 60 5.3 Knowing 61 5.4 Unknowing 63 5.5 Audit and logs 68 6 Evidence Interpretation 69 6.1 Data content 69 6.2 Data context 83 7 Internet Activity 85 7.1 A little bit of history 85 7.2 The ISO/OSI model 86 7.3 The internet protocol suite 90 7.4 DNS 94 7.5 Internet applications 96 8 Mobile Devices 109 8.1 Mobile phones and PDAs 109 8.2 GPS 116 8.3 Other personal technology 118 9 Intelligence 119 9.1 Device usage 119 9.2 Profiling and cyberprofiling 121 9.3 Evaluating online crime: automating the model 124 9.4 Application of the formula to case studies 126 9.5 From success estimates to profiling 129 9.6 Comments 129 10 Case Studies and Examples 131 10.1 Introduction 131 10.2 Copyright violation 131 10.3 Missing person and murder 133 10.4 The view of a defence witness 137 Appendix A The “Aircraft Carrier” PC 141 Appendix B Additional Resources 145 B.1 Hard disc and storage laboratory tools 145 B.2 Mobile phone/PDA tools 146 B.3 Live CDs 146 B.4 Recommended reading 146 Appendix C SIM Card Data Report 149 References 157 Index 161
£45.86
John Wiley & Sons Inc Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting
Book SynopsisFRAUD AUDITING AND FORENSIC ACCOUNTING With the responsibility of detecting and preventing fraud falling heavily on the accounting profession, every accountant needs to recognize fraud and learn the tools and strategies necessary to catch it in time. Providing valuable information to those responsible for dealing with prevention and discovery of financial deception, Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting, Fourth Edition helps accountants develop an investigative eye toward both internal and external fraud and provides tips for coping with fraud when it is found to have occurred. Completely updated and revised, the new edition presents: Brand-new chapters devoted to fraud response as well as to the physiological aspects of the fraudster A closer look at how forensic accountants get their job done More about Computer-Assisted Audit Tools (CAATs) and digital forensics Technological aspects of fraud auditing and forensic accountingTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xiii Chapter 1: Background of Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting 1 Introduction 1 Brief History of Fraud and the Antifraud Profession 3 The Fraud Cycle 7 Review of Technical Literature 9 Forensic Accountant and Audits 11 Forensic Accountants 20 Fraud Auditors 25 Keys to Effective Fraud Investigation 31 The Antifraud Professional’s Career 33 Summary 36 Notes 37 Chapter 2: Fraud Principles 39 Introduction 39 Definition: What Is Fraud? 40 Synonyms: Fraud, Theft, and Embezzlement 42 Classic Fraud Research 42 Fraud Triangle 44 Scope of Fraud 47 Profile of Fraudsters 49 Who Is Victimized by Fraud Most Often? 53 Fraud Taxonomies 54 Fraud Tree 62 Evolution of a Typical Fraud 65 Summary 68 Notes 69 Chapter 3: Fraud Schemes 71 Introduction 71 ACFE Fraud Tree 73 Financial Statement Schemes 80 Corruption Schemes 83 Asset Misappropriation Schemes 84 Summary 94 Notes 94 Chapter 4: Red Flags 95 Introduction 95 Professional Standards 97 Common Red Flags 99 Specific Red Flags 101 Fraud Detection Model 110 Summary 111 Notes 112 Chapter 5: Fraud Risk Assessment 113 Introduction 113 Technical Literature and Risk Assessment 114 Risk Assessment Factors 115 Risk Assessment Best Practices 119 Risk Management Checklists and Documentation 125 Summary 129 Notes 129 Chapter 6: Fraud Prevention 131 Introduction 131 Prevention Environment 132 Perception of Detection 135 Classic Approaches 137 Other Prevention Measures 139 Accounting Cycles 141 Summary 143 Notes 143 Chapter 7: Fraud Detection 145 Introduction 145 Fraud Detection Axioms 146 Common Detection Methods 146 Specific Detection Methods 149 Summary 155 Appendix 7A: Beneish’s Ratios 156 Chapter 8: Fraud Response 157 Introduction 157 Fraud Policy 157 Fraud Response Team 160 Recovery 164 Summary 165 Notes 166 Appendix 8A: ACFE Sample Fraud Policy 167 Appendix 8B: Sample Fraud Policy Decision Matrix 172 Chapter 9: Computer Crime 175 Introduction 175 History and Evolution of Computer Crimes 176 Computer Crime Theories and Categorizations 179 Characteristics of the Computer Environment 182 Information Security (INFOSEC) 185 Profiling Internet Fraudsters 186 Summary 192 Notes 193 Chapter 10: Fraud and the Accounting Information System 195 Introduction 195 Accounting Concepts 196 Segregation of Duties 202 Accounting Information Systems 203 Key Personnel 204 Computer Hardware 208 Computer Software 210 New Forms of Media 211 Audit Trail Concept 211 Summary 212 Chapter 11: Gathering Evidence 213 Introduction 213 Rules of Evidence 213 Hearsay Exceptions 217 Other Rules of Evidence 218 Summary 223 Notes 223 Chapter 12: Cyber Forensics 225 Introduction 225 Expectation of Privacy 226 Types of Investigations 227 Sources of Digital Data 230 Types of Cyber Data 231 Cyber Forensics Investigation Process 234 Variety of Specialists in Cyber Forensics 236 Summary 237 Notes 237 Chapter 13: Obtaining and Evaluating Nonfinancial Evidence in a Fraud Examination 239 Introduction 239 Interviews 240 Body Language 242 Deception Cues 243 Eye Language 244 Statement Analysis 245 SCAN 246 Summary 247 Notes 247 Chapter 14: General Criteria and Standards for Establishing an Expert Witness’s Qualifications 249 Introduction 249 Credentials 250 Personal Qualities of the Expert 255 Sources for Locating Expert Witnesses 259 Distinguishing the Actual Area of Competence 261 Summary 261 Notes 262 Chapter 15: The Legal Role and Qualifications of an Expert Witness 263 Introduction 263 Role of a Forensic Accountant as a Witness in Court 264 Legal Qualifications for a Forensic Accountant as an Expert Witness 269 Qualification and Admissibility of Accounting Evidence 270 Expert’s Role in the Litigation Team 272 Pretestimony Activities 272 Summary 273 Notes 274 Appendix 15A: Transcript of Typical Court Testimony of Expert Witness 275 Chapter 16: Effective Tactics and Procedures for the Expert Witness in Court 277 Introduction 277 Effective Profile 278 Being a Credible Expert Witness 278 Expert’s Role in the Litigation Team 279 Pretestimony Activities 280 Trial and Testimony 281 Survival Techniques 288 Summary 290 Notes 290 Chapter 17: Fraud and the Public Accounting Profession 291 Introduction 291 History of Fraud and the Auditor: A Summary 291 Fraud and the Auditor’s Liability 302 Fraud and the Auditor’s Responsibility 303 Fraud and the Auditor’s Role 306 Summary 308 Note 308 About the Authors 311 Index 313
£75.60
John Wiley & Sons Inc A Guide to Forensic Accounting Investigation
Book SynopsisRecent catastrophic business failures have caused some to rethink the value of the audit, with many demanding that auditors take more responsibility for fraud detection. This book provides forensic accounting specialists?experts in uncovering fraud?with new coverage on the latest PCAOB Auditing Standards, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, options fraud, as well as fraud in China and its implications. Auditors are equipped with the necessary practical aids, case examples, and skills for identifying situations that call for extended fraud detection procedures.Table of ContentsPreface xxi Acknowledgments xxiii Chapter 1 Fraud: An Introduction 1 Fraud: What is It? 2 Fraud: Prevalence, Impact, and Form 3 Fraud in Historical Perspective 4 Types of Fraud 5 Root Causes of Fraud 6 A Historical Account of the Auditor’s Role 7 Auditors Are Not Alone 14 Deterrence, Auditing, and Investigation 16 Conceptual Overview of the Fraud Deterrence Cycle 17 First Look Inside the Fraud Deterrence Cycle 19 Auditing and Investigation 22 Chapter 2 Psychology of the Fraudster 25 Calculating Criminals 26 Situation-Dependent Criminals 27 Power Brokers 28 Fraudsters Do Not Intend to Harm 28 Kinds of Rationalization 33 Auditors’ Need to Understand the Mind of the Fraudster 33 Conclusion 34 Chapter 3 The Roles of the Auditor and the Forensic Accounting Investigator 37 The Patrolman and the Detective 38 Complexity and Change 41 Auditor Roles in Perspective 42 Not All Good People 44 Each Company is Unique 45 Role of Company Culture 45 Estimates 46 Choices 49 What Auditors Do 50 Bedrock of an Effective Audit 55 SPADE 57 Auditing Standards Take a Risk-Based Approach to Fraud 58 Management Override 60 Regulatory Reaction to Fraud 60 Financial Benefits of Effective Fraud Management 61 Conclusion 61 Chapter 4 Auditor Responsibilities and the Law 63 Appendix: Summary of PCAOB Matters Involving Detection of Fraud 77 Chapter 5 When and Why to Call in Forensic Accounting Investigators 79 Today’s Auditors Are Not Forensic Accounting Investigators 80 Auditors Are Not Authenticators 80 Auditors Have Limited Exposure to Fraud 81 Auditors Are Not Guarantors 82 Historically, Audits May Have Been Predictable 83 Potential Trigger Points of Fraud 84 Reliance on Others 91 Conclusion 92 Chapter 6 Internal Audit: The Second Line of Defense 95 What Do Internal Auditors Do? 96 Internal Audit Scope of Services 98 The Handoff to Forensic Accounting Investigators and Legal Counsel 99 Perception Problem 101 Complex Corporate Fraud and the Internal Audit 102 WorldCom and the Thornburgh Report 102 Case Studies: The Internal Auditor Addresses Fraud 103 A Tragic Circumstance 105 Reporting Relationships: A Key to Empowering Fraud Detection 111 Tomorrow’s Internal Auditor, Tomorrow’s Management and Board 113 Chapter 7 Teaming with Forensic Accounting Investigators 115 Forensic Accounting Investigators’ Cooperation with Internal Auditors 117 Forensic Accounting Investigators’ Cooperation with External Auditors 120 Objectives of All Interested Parties 122 Forensic Accounting Investigators’ Objectives 122 Who Should Direct the Investigation and Why? 126 Ready When Needed 127 Where to Find Skilled Forensic Accounting Investigators 127 Chapter 8 Anonymous Communications 133 Typical Characteristics of Anonymous Tips 134 Federal Statutes Related to Anonymous Reporting and Whistle-Blower Protections 135 Receipt of an Anonymous Communication 139 Initial Understanding of Allegations 140 Determine Whether Any Allegation Requires Immediate Remedial Action 141 Development and Implementation of the Investigative Strategy 142 The Investigation Team 142 Disclosure Decisions 143 Prioritize the Allegations 144 Interviewing Employees 145 Follow-Up Tip 149 Conclusion 150 Chapter 9 Personal Privacy and Public Disclosure 151 Introduction 151 Data Privacy: Providing Context 152 Data Privacy in the United States 153 Data Privacy in the European Union 158 Navigating the Legal Differences Between the United States and the European Union 162 Elsewhere around the Globe 165 Public Disclosure 168 Conclusion 173 Chapter 10 Building a Case: Gathering and Documenting Evidence 175 Critical Steps in Gathering Evidence 176 Whose Evidence is It? 182 Evidence Created by the Forensic Accounting Investigator 183 What Evidence Should Be Gathered? 185 Important Considerations Regarding Documents and Working Papers 186 Conclusion 189 Chapter 11 Independence, Objectivity, Skepticism 191 Accountant’s Independence 192 SEC Final Rules for Strengthening Auditor Independence 192 SEC Regulation of Forensic Accounting Services 193 Consulting versus Attest Services 196 Integrity and Objectivity 198 Professional Skepticism 199 Trust but Verify: Exploring Further 203 Loose-Thread Theory of Auditing 207 Further Thoughts on the Loose-Thread Theory 210 Chapter 12 Potential Missteps: Considerations When Fraud is Suspected 213 Confronting Suspects 213 Dismissing the Target 216 Assumptions 217 The Small Stuff Could Be Important 221 Materiality: More on a Key Topic 223 Addressing Allegations 224 The Case of the Central American General Manager 225 Exercising Skepticism 228 Case Outcomes 229 Chapter 13 Potential Red Flags and Fraud Detection Techniques 231 Types of Fraud Revisited 232 Fraud Detection: Overview 233 Laying a Foundation for Detection 236 Interpreting Potential Red Flags 238 Importance of Professional Skepticism 240 Revisiting the Fraud Triangle 243 Identifying and Evaluating Risk Factors 248 Information Gathering 251 Analytic Procedures 254 Analytic Techniques 258 Assessing the Potential Impact of Fraud Risk Factors 260 Evaluating Controls 261 Unpredictable Audit Tests 263 Observation and Inspection 264 Financial Statement Fraud: Detection Techniques 266 Revenue Recognition 267 Corruption 268 Summary 269 Chapter 14 Investigative Techniques 271 Timing 271 Communication 272 Early Administrative Matters 272 Predication 273 What Should You Know before You Start? 275 A Word about Insurance 281 Exceptions and Other Considerations 282 Considerations on International Assignments 283 Accounting Issues 285 Data Analysis 286 Document Review 286 Conclusion 291 Chapter 15 Corporate Intelligence 293 Definition of Corporate Intelligence 293 Evolution of Corporate Intelligence 294 Today’s Business Need 297 Legal and Regulatory Drivers of Corporate Intelligence 297 Cost Drivers of Corporate Intelligence 301 Negotiation Drivers of Corporate Intelligence 303 Basic Deployment and Consumption of Corporate Intelligence 304 Customary Data Fields Necessary to Fulfill Corporate Intelligence Remits 306 Analysis and Reporting of Findings 307 Coordination and Selection of Management and External Advisors for Intelligence Gathering 307 Timing of Deployment 308 Limitations of and Inherent Barriers to Corporate Intelligence 308 Legal Parameters and Operating Constraints versus Enabling Ethical Debates Surrounding Corporate Intelligence 313 Summary 315 Chapter 16 The Art of the Interview 317 Difficulty and Value of Obtaining an Admission 318 Planning for the Interview 319 Types of Interviews 321 Others May Wish to Attend Interviews 325 Interview Process 326 Documenting the Interview 330 Use of Subterfuge 331 Summary 331 Chapter 17 Data Mining 333 Definition and Benefits of Data Mining 334 Structured versus Unstructured Data 335 Planning 335 Methods of Data Acquisition 340 Structured Data Analysis 341 Unstructured Data 352 Advanced Data Analysis Tools 358 Conclusion 360 Chapter 18 Report of Investigation 363 Types of Reports 364 Importance of Adequate Preparation 364 Standards of Reporting 365 Written Report of Expert Witness Opining for the Plaintiff on a Civil Fraud Claim 371 Affidavits 374 Informal Reports 374 Giving a Deposition 376 Mistakes to Avoid in Reporting 380 Working Papers 382 Relationship Review 384 Substantive Working Papers 384 Each Working Paper Should Stand on Its Own 384 Testimony Binder 386 Interview Memorandums 386 Chapter 19 Supporting a Criminal Prosecution 389 Key Considerations 390 Referral Considerations 393 Chapter 20 Working with Attorneys 399 In the Company of Lawyers 399 Confidentiality Requirements 400 Forming the Investigative Team 401 Documentation 407 Civil Litigation 408 Interviewing 408 External Audit Firm 409 Working for or Interacting with Law Enforcement or Government Agencies 412 Disagreements with Counsel 413 Conclusion 414 Chapter 21 Financial Reporting Fraud and the Capital Markets 417 Targets of Capital Market Fraud 418 Securities Investment Model 419 Some Observations on Financial Fraud 429 Summary 430 Chapter 22 Financial Statement Fraud: Revenue and Receivables 433 Improper Revenue Recognition 435 Revenue Recognition Detection Techniques 438 Analytical Procedures to Identify or Explore Potential Revenue Red Flags 440 Improper Allocation of Value in Multiple-Element Revenue Arrangements 450 Improper Accounting for Construction Contracts 452 Related-Party Transactions 453 Revenue and Receivable Misappropriation 455 Inflating the Value of Receivables 460 Extended Procedures 461 Round-Tripping 463 Improperly Holding Open the Books 464 Consignments and Demonstration Goods 465 Summary 466 Chapter 23 Financial Statement Fraud: Other Schemes and Misappropriations 467 Asset Misstatements 467 Understatement of Liabilities and Expenses 478 Backdating Share Options 479 Off-Balance-Sheet Transactions 480 Two Basic Accounting Models 481 Cookie Jar Reserves 482 Improper and Inadequate Disclosures 483 Materiality 484 Disbursement Schemes 485 Invoice Schemes 486 Check Tampering 489 Expense Reimbursement Schemes 490 Payroll Schemes 491 Fraud in an Economic Downturn 492 Unauthorized Trading 492 Mortgage Fraud 494 Chapter 24 Ponzi Schemes 495 Ponzi Scheme Origin and Development 495 Recent Spotlights 497 Insights into Ponzi Schemes: Passing Trend or Lasting Reality? 503 Accountant’s Challenges 507 Regulatory Bodies and Task Forces 508 Bankruptcy Implications 509 Summary 510 Chapter 25 Money Laundering 511 Relationship between Fraud and Money Laundering 511 Counter-Terrorist Financing 514 Varying Impact of Money Laundering on Companies 515 The Five-Point Program for AML-Regulated Businesses 516 Impact of Money Laundering on Financial Statements 520 AML and Forensic Accounting Investigation 521 Legal Arrangements Lending Themselves to Anonymity 523 Auditing and Money Laundering 524 Relationship between Fraud Investigation and AML 525 Chapter 26 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 527 Background 527 Recent Enforcement Trends 530 U.K. Bribery Act 2010 536 The Role of the Forensic Accountant 537 Red Flags 542 Reporting 545 Conclusion 546 Chapter 27 Construction Projects 547 The Nature of the Construction Industry 547 Contract Pricing Strategy 550 Standard Form Contracts 554 Issues in Analysis 559 Change Orders 560 Financial Damages 561 Underbid 567 Inflation 567 Analysis of Claims 567 Summary 569 Chapter 28 Contract Compliance 571 Effective Integrated Internal and External Contract Compliance Program 572 The Role of the Forensic Accountant 576 Government Contracting 578 Risk and Compliance 578 Recovery 579 Crisis Management and Litigation Support 581 Chapter 29 Other Dimensions of Forensic Accounting 585 Environmental Issues 586 Intellectual Property 586 Insurance and Business Interruption 587 Marital Dissolution 588 Shareholder Litigation 588 Business Valuation 589 Business Combinations 589 Cybercrime 590 Chapter 30 Corporate Remediation 593 What is Remediation? 593 What is Driving Corporate Remediation? 594 Why is Remediation Necessary? 597 How to Remediate 599 Role of the Forensic Accountant 603 Recent Cases 605 Remediation Going Forward 607 Index 611
£155.70
John Wiley & Sons Inc Wildlife Forensics
Book SynopsisWildlife Forensics: Methods and Applications provides an accessible and practical approach to the key areas involved in this developing subject. The book contains case studies throughout the text that take the reader from the field, to the lab analysis to the court room, giving a complete insight into the path of forensic evidence and demonstrating how current techniques can be applied to wildlife forensics. The book contains approaches that wildlife forensic investigators and laboratory technicians can employ in investigations and provides the direction and practical advice required by legal and police professionals seeking to gain the evidence needed to prosecute wildlife crimes. The book will bring together in one text various aspects of wildlife forensics, including statistics, toxicology, pathology, entomology, morphological identification, and DNA analysis. This book will be an invaluable reference and will provide investigators, laboratory technicTrade Review“This book is written in an easy to comprehend style and the concise chapters are full of information. Few books are specific to veterinary forensics and I would recommend this one for the library of anyone involved in this field.” (Doody’s, 24 August 2012) Table of ContentsDevelopments in Forensic Science xiii About the Editors xv List of Contributors xvii Foreword xxiii Acknowledgements xxv 1 Wildlife Ownership 1 Eric G. Roscoe and Michael McMaster Introduction 1 Ancient Rome and the Concept of Res Nullius 2 Common Law England: The King’s Ownership 3 The New World: Hunting for the Market 5 Management: The Property Right of States 8 Federal Law and the Regulatory State 10 Globalization: Working toward Worldwide Conservation Practices 11 Conclusion 13 Cases Cited 13 References 13 2 Society for Wildlife Forensic Science 15 DeeDee Hawk Introduction 15 Formation of the Society 19 The Code of Ethics 22 Membership of the Society 24 Member Labs 25 Proficiency Program 25 Scientific Working Group for Wildlife Forensic Sciences (SWGWILD) 29 Conclusion 32 References 33 3 The Application of Forensic Science to Wildlife Evidence 35 John R. Wallace and Jill C. Ross Introduction 35 Overview of Forensic Science 37 History of Wildlife Forensics 39 Enforcement of Wildlife Protection Policy 44 Development of Wildlife Forensic Laboratories 45 Current Perceptions 47 Conclusion 48 Acknowledgements 49 References 49 4 Defining a Crime Scene and Physical Evidence Collection 51 Jason H. Byrd and Lerah K. Sutton Introduction 51 Definition of a Crime Scene 51 Questions to Be Asked 52 Scene Priority 52 First Responding Officer 53 Securing the Scene 53 Chain of Custody 55 Processing the Scene 55 Initial Documentation 56 Scene Documentation 58 Remains in an Aquatic Environment 60 Collection of Evidence 61 Review of Scene Processing 62 Final Inspection 62 References 63 5 Forensic Evidence Collection and Cultural Motives for Animal Harvesting 65 Michelle D. Hamilton and Elizabeth M. Erhart Introduction 65 Wild Animals as Pharmacopeias 66 Trade in Wild Animals 67 Recovering Evidence at Poaching Scenes 68 Locating the Burial: Anomalies on the Surface 71 Acknowledgements 76 References 76 6 Forensic Entomology and Wildlife 81 Jeffery K. Tomberlin and Michelle R. Sanford Introduction 81 Application of Forensic Entomology to Wildlife Crimes 82 Arthropods Commonly Encountered 86 Diptera 88 Coleoptera 95 Sampling 98 Conclusion 100 Appendix 101 Acknowledgements 102 References 102 7 Wildlife Forensic Pathology and Toxicology in Wound Analysis and Pesticide Poisoning 109 Douglas E. Roscoe and William Stansley Introduction 109 Wound Analysis 109 Wildlife Poisoning by Insecticides 121 Wildlife Poisoning by Rodenticides 123 References 125 8 The Use of Hair Morphology in the Identification of Mammals 129 Lisa Knecht Introduction 129 Types of Hair 130 Hair Structure 131 Techniques for Studying Hair Structure 140 Conclusion 142 References 142 9 Plants and Wildlife Forensics 145 Christopher R. Hardy and David S. Martin Introduction 145 Plants as Trace Evidence 145 Poisonous Plants 149 The Basics of Collecting and Preserving Botanical Evidence 153 Finding a Forensic Botanist 156 Conclusion 156 Acknowledgements 157 References 157 10 Identification of Reptile Skin Products Using Scale Morphology 161 David L. Martin Introduction 161 International Trade in Reptile Skins 162 Challenges to Species Identification of Reptile Skin Products 166 Species and Products Represented in the Reptile Skin Trade 168 Reptile Scale Morphology Basics and Current Limitations 170 Identifying Features of Major Reptile Groups 178 Conclusion 194 Acknowledgements 195 References 195 11 Best Practices in Wildlife Forensic DNA 201 M. Katherine Moore and Irving L. Kornfield Introduction 201 The Need for Appropriate Standards 203 Wildlife Forensic DNA Best Practices 206 Standards and Guidelines for Wildlife Forensics 206 Training 208 Case File 209 Laboratory Facility (QA) 213 Validation 214 Laboratory Protocols 216 Data Analysis 218 Interpretation Guidelines 220 Vouchers/Reference Samples 221 Species Identification 224 Reporting 224 Contents of the Case Report 225 Review 226 Court Testimony 229 The Way Forward 230 Note 230 Acknowledgements 230 References 231 12 Statistics for Wildlife Forensic DNA 237 B.S. Weir Introduction 237 The Central Problem 238 Genetic Sampling 241 Lineage Markers 242 Relatedness 245 Inbreeding 247 Testing for Allele Independence 248 Assignment testing 250 Conclusion 251 References 252 13 Forensic DNA Analysis of Wildlife Evidence 253 Sabrina N. McGraw, Shamus P. Keeler, and Jane E. Huffman Introduction 253 DNA Isolation and Handling 254 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 255 Sample Speciation 256 Minisatellites (VNTRs) 256 Mitochondrial Markers (mtDNA) 257 Additional Genetic Speciation Methods 259 Limitations of Genetic Speciation 260 Sample Sexing 261 Sample Individualization 262 Sample Localization 263 Validation of Wildlife Forensic Techniques 264 Court Admissibility 266 Conclusion 266 Cases Cited 266 References 267 14 DNA Applications and Implementation 271 Robert Ogden Introduction 271 History 272 Questions and Techniques: Wildlife Crime Issues 272 Species Identification 273 Identification of Geographic Origin 275 Individual Identification 279 Exclusion 280 Practical Applications 282 Sample Types for DNA Analysis 282 Laboratory Models: Individual Facilities 283 Future Developments 287 Summary 288 References 289 15 Conservation Genetics and Wildlife Forensics of Birds 293 Rebecca N. Johnson Introduction 293 Avian Genetics 295 Avian Taxonomy, Legislation and Conservation 299 Avian Wildlife Forensics: A Range of Applications 302 Conservation Genetics and Wildlife Forensics: Identification Using DNA 307 Conclusion 315 References 317 16 Wildlife Forensics in Thailand: Utilization of Mitochondrial DNA Sequences 327 Suchitra Changtragoon Introduction 327 DNA Extraction and Amplification 327 DNA Sequencing 328 Origin Identification 328 Species and Subspecies Identification 328 Results of the Investigations 330 Conclusion 338 Acknowledgements 341 References 341 17 The Future of Wildlife Forensic Science 343 Edgard O. Espinoza, Jesica L. Espinoza, Pepper W. Trail, and Barry W. Baker Introduction 343 Technical Challenges 344 Enhancing Wildlife Protection by Integrating Forensic Science and the Law 350 The U.S. Endangered Species Act and the Limits of Science 351 The Future of Forensic Scientists and the Laboratories in which They Work 353 Conclusion 355 Acknowledgments 356 References 356 Index 359
£52.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Essential Mathematics and Statistics for Forensic
Book Synopsis* Offers a unique mix of mathematics and statistics topics,specifically tailored to a forensic science undergraduatedegree. * All topics illustrated with examples from the forensic sciencediscipline. * Written in an accessible, student-friendly way to engageinterest and enhance learning and confidence.Trade Review"The book's main selling point is its pedagogical approach to make the contents relevant to the intended audience by using subject-specific examples. This is successful in the main, with examples originating from a wide variety of areas in forensic science, so that neither the forensic biologist nor the forensic chemist or physicist need to feel neglected. It is even more commendable that Craig Adams manages to find a forensic context for the development of essential skills, such as the computation of concentrations from spectrophotometric measurements and the plotting of standard curves for HPLC data." (Reviews, December 2010) Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Getting the basics right. Introduction: Why forensic science is a quantitative science. 1.1 Numbers, their representation and meaning. Self-assessment exercises and problems. 1.2 Units of measurement and their conversion. Self-assessment problems. 1.3 Uncertainties in measurement and how to deal with them. Self-assessment problems. 1.4 Basic chemical calculations. Self-assessment exercises and problems. Chapter summary. 2 Functions, formulae and equations. Introduction: Understanding and using functions, formulae and equations. 2.1 Algebraic manipulation of equations. Self-assessment exercises. 2.2 Applications involving the manipulation of formulae. Self-assessment exercises and problems. 2.3 Polynomial functions. Self-assessment exercises and problems. 2.4 The solution of linear simultaneous equations. Self-assessment exercises and problems. 2.5 Quadratic functions. Self-assessment problems. 2.6 Powers and indices. Self-assessment problems. Chapter summary. 3 The exponential and logarithmic functions and their applications. Introduction: Two special functions in forensic science. 3.1 Origin and definition of the exponential function. Self-assessment exercises. 3.2 Origin and definition of the logarithmic function. Self-assessment exercises and problems. Self-assessment exercises. 3.3 Application: the pH scale. Self-assessment exercises. 3.4 The "decaying" exponential. Self-assessment problems. 3.5 Application: post-mortem body cooling. Self-assessment problems. 3.6 Application: forensic pharmacokinetics. Self-assessment problems. Chapter summary. 4 Trigonometric methods in forensic science. Introduction: Why trigonometry is needed in forensic science. 4.1 Pythagoras’s theorem. Self-assessment exercises and problems. 4.2 The trigonometric functions. Self-assessment exercises and problems. 4.3 Trigonometric rules. Self-assessment exercises. 4.4 Application: heights and distances. Self-assessment problems. 4.5 Application: ricochet analysis. Self-assessment problems. 4.6 Application: aspects of ballistics. Self-assessment problems. 4.7 Suicide, accident or murder? Self-assessment problems. 4.8 Application: bloodstain shape. Self-assessment problems. 4.9 Bloodstain pattern analysis. Self-assessment problems. Chapter summary. 5 Graphs - their construction and interpretation. Introduction: Why graphs are important in forensic science. 5.1 Representing data using graphs. 5.2 Linearizing equations. Self-assessment exercises. 5.3 Linear regression. Self-assessment exercises. 5.4 Application: shotgun pellet patterns in firearms incidents. Self-assessment problem. 5.5 Application: bloodstain formation. Self-assessment problem. 5.6 Application: the persistence of hair, fibres and flints on clothing. Self-assessment problem. 5.7 Application: determining the time since death by fly egg hatching. 5.8 Application: determining age from bone or tooth material Self-assessment problem. 5.9 Application: kinetics of chemical reactions. Self-assessment problems. 5.10 Graphs for calibration. Self-assessment problems. 5.11 Excel and the construction of graphs. Chapter summary. 6 The statistical analysis of data. Introduction: Statistics and forensic science. 6.1 Describing a set of data. Self-assessment problems. 6.2 Frequency statistics. Self-assessment problems. 6.3 Probability density functions. Self-assessment problems. 6.4 Excel and basic statistics. Chapter summary. 7 Probability in forensic science. Introduction: Theoretical and empirical probabilities. 7.1 Calculating probabilities. Self-assessment problems. 7.2 Application: the matching of hair evidence. Self-assessment problems. 7.3 Conditional probability. Self-assessment problems. 7.4 Probability tree diagrams. Self-assessment problems. 7.5 Permutations and combinations. Self-assessment problems. 7.6 The binomial probability distribution. Self-assessment problems. Chapter summary. 8 Probability and infrequent events. Introduction: Dealing with infrequent events. 8.1 The Poisson probability distribution. Self-assessment exercises. 8.2 Probability and the uniqueness of fingerprints. Self-assessment problems. 8.3 Probability and human teeth marks. Self-assessment problems. 8.4 Probability and forensic genetics. 8.5 Worked problems of genotype and allele calculations. Self-assessment problems. 8.6 Genotype frequencies and subpopulations. Self-assessment problems. Chapter summary. 9 Statistics in the evaluation of experimental data: comparison and confidence. How can statistics help in the interpretation of experimental data? 9.1 The normal distribution. Self-assessment problems. 9.2 The normal distribution and frequency histograms. 9.3 The standard error in the mean. Self-assessment problems. 9.4 The t-distribution. Self-assessment exercises and problems. 9.5 Hypothesis testing. Self-assessment problems. 9.6 Comparing two datasets using the t-test. Self-assessment problems. 9.7 The t -test applied to paired measurements. Self-assessment problems. 9.8 Pearson's χ2 test. Self-assessment problems. Chapter summary. 10 Statistics in the evaluation of experimental data: computation and calibration. Introduction: What more can we do with statistics and uncertainty? 10.1 The propagation of uncertainty in calculations. Self-assessment exercises and problems. Self-assessment exercises and problems. 10.2 Application: physicochemical measurements. Self-assessment problems. 10.3 Measurement of density by Archimedes' upthrust. Self-assessment problems. 10.4 Application: bloodstain impact angle. Self-assessment problems. 10.5 Application: bloodstain formation. Self-assessment problems. 10.6 Statistical approaches to outliers. Self-assessment problems. 10.7 Introduction to robust statistics. Self-assessment problems. 10.8 Statistics and linear regression. Self-assessment problems. 10.9 Using linear calibration graphs and the calculation of standard error. Self-assessment problems. Chapter summary. 11 Statistics and the significance of evidence. Introduction: Where do we go from here? - Interpretation and significance. 11.1 A case study in the interpretation and significance of forensic evidence. 11.2 A probabilistic basis for interpreting evidence. Self-assessment problems. 11.3 Likelihood ratio, Bayes' rule and weight of evidence. Self-assessment problems. 11.4 Population data and interpretive databases. Self-assessment problems. 11.5 The probability of accepting the prosecution case - given the evidence. Self-assessment problems. 11.6 Likelihood ratios from continuous data. Self-assessment problems. 11.7 Likelihood ratio and transfer evidence. Self-assessment problems. 11.8 Application: double cot-death or double murder? Self-assessment problems. Chapter summary. References. Bibliography. Answers to self-assessment exercises and problems. Appendix I: The definitions of non-SI units and their relationship to the equivalent SI units. Appendix II: Constructing graphs using Microsoft Excel. Appendix III: Using Microsoft Excel for statistics calculations. Appendix IV: Cumulative z -probability table for the standard normal distribution. Appendix V: Student's t -test: tables of critical values for the t -statistic. Appendix VI: Chi squared χ2 test: table of critical values. Appendix VII: Some values of Qcrit for Dixon's Q test. Some values for Gcrit for Grubbs’ two-tailed test. Index.
£40.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Forensic Accounting For Dummies
Book SynopsisForensic Accounting For Dummies serves as a handy resource for anyone looking to pursue a career in this growing field. It is an essential tool for anyone interested in understanding how financial fraud occurs and what to do when one finds, or suspects it, within their own organisation.Table of ContentsIntroduction Part I: Investigating Forensic Accounting 7 Chapter 1: Why the World Needs Forensic Accountants 9 Chapter 2: Steering Your Career toward Forensic Accounting 21 Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Most Common Fraud Schemes 33 Chapter 4: Forensic Accounting Minus the Fraud 51 Part II: The Anatomy of Occupational Fraud 67 Chapter 5: Cooked Books: Finding Financial Statement Fraud 69 Chapter 6: Investigating Inventory Fraud 83 Chapter 7: Examining Revenue Recognition Problems 93 Chapter 8: Studying Securities Fraud 107 Part III: It’s All in the Family: Fraud against Individuals 119 Chapter 9: Divorce with a Side of Fraud 121 Chapter 10: Protecting Estates, Trusts, and the Elderly 133 Chapter 11: Recognizing Real Estate Fraud 143 Part IV: Meeting Your Methods of Investigation 157 Chapter 12: Walking through the Investigation Process 159 Chapter 13: Tracing the Flow of Money 171 Chapter 14: Going to the Source: Obtaining Records 183 Chapter 15: Tapping into Electronic Evidence 199 Chapter 16: Who Wants to Know? Reporting on Your Findings 213 Chapter 17: Preparing for Trial: Business Litigation 227 Chapter 18: Organizing Evidence and Serving as an Expert Witness 243 Chapter 19: Peeking Inside Federal Government Fraud Cases 255 Part V: Preventing Occupational Fraud 271 Chapter 20: Helping Small Businesses Prevent Fraud 273 Chapter 21: Assisting Larger Businesses with Fraud Prevention 289 Chapter 22: Keeping Employees Honest (and Happy) 305 Chapter 23: Applying Technology to Fraud Prevention 315 Part VI: The Part of Tens 329 Chapter 24: Ten Entertaining Portrayals of Fraud 331 Chapter 25: Ten Fairly Common – and Unsuspected – Frauds 337 Chapter 26: Ten Truly Strange Fraud Stories 343 Index 353
£17.59
John Wiley & Sons Inc EnCase Computer Forensics The Official EnCE
Book SynopsisThe official, Guidance Software-approved book on the newest EnCE exam! The EnCE exam tests that computer forensic analysts and examiners have thoroughly mastered computer investigation methodologies, as well as the use of Guidance Software''s EnCase Forensic 7. The only official Guidance-endorsed study guide on the topic, this book prepares you for the exam with extensive coverage of all exam topics, real-world scenarios, hands-on exercises, up-to-date legal information, and sample evidence files, flashcards, and more. Guides readers through preparation for the newest EnCase Certified Examiner (EnCE) exam Prepares candidates for both Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the exam, as well as for practical use of the certification Covers identifying and searching hardware and files systems, handling evidence on the scene, and acquiring digital evidence using EnCase Forensic 7 Includes hands-on exercises, practice questions, and up-to-date legal informTable of ContentsIntroduction xxi Assessment Test xxvii Chapter 1 Computer Hardware 1 Computer Hardware Components 2 The Boot Process 14 Partitions 20 File Systems 25 Summary 27 Exam Essentials 27 Review Questions 28 Chapter 2 File Systems 33 FAT Basics 34 The Physical Layout of FAT 36 Viewing Directory Entries Using EnCase 52 The Function of FAT 58 NTFS Basics 73 CD File Systems 77 exFAT 79 Summary 83 Exam Essentials 84 Review Questions 85 Chapter 3 First Response 89 Planning and Preparation 90 The Physical Location 91 Personnel 91 Computer Systems 92 What to Take with You Before You Leave 94 Search Authority 97 Handling Evidence at the Scene 98 Securing the Scene 98 Recording and Photographing the Scene 99 Seizing Computer Evidence 99 Bagging and Tagging 110 Summary 113 Exam Essentials 113 Review Questions 115 Chapter 4 Acquiring Digital Evidence 119 Creating EnCase Forensic Boot Disks 121 Booting a Computer Using the EnCase Boot Disk 124 Seeing Invisible HPA and DCO Data 125 Other Reasons for Using a DOS Boot 126 Steps for Using a DOS Boot 126 Drive-to-Drive DOS Acquisition 128 Steps for Drive-to-Drive DOS Acquisition 128 Supplemental Information About Drive-to-Drive DOS Acquisition 132 Network Acquisitions 135 Reasons to Use Network Acquisitions 135 Understanding Network Cables 136 Preparing an EnCase Network Boot Disk 137 Preparing an EnCase Network Boot CD 138 Steps for Network Acquisition 138 FastBloc/Tableau Acquisitions 151 Available FastBloc Models 151 FastBloc 2 Features 152 Steps for Tableau (FastBloc) Acquisition 154 FastBloc SE Acquisitions 163 About FastBloc SE 163 Steps for FastBloc SE Acquisitions 164 LinEn Acquisitions 168 Mounting a File System as Read-Only 168 Updating a Linux Boot CD with the Latest Version of LinEn 169 Running LinEn 171 Steps for LinEn Acquisition 173 Enterprise and FIM Acquisitions 176 EnCase Portable 180 Helpful Hints 188 Summary 189 Exam Essentials 192 Review Questions 194 Chapter 5 EnCase Concepts 199 EnCase Evidence File Format 200 CRC, MD5, and SHA-1 201 Evidence File Components and Function 202 New Evidence File Format 206 Evidence File Verification 207 Hashing Disks and Volumes 215 EnCase Case Files 217 EnCase Backup Utility 220 EnCase Configuration Files 227 Evidence Cache Folder 231 Summary 233 Exam Essentials 235 Review Questions 236 Chapter 6 EnCase Environment 241 Home Screen 242 EnCase Layout 246 Creating a Case 249 Tree Pane Navigation 255 Table Pane Navigation 266 Table View 266 Gallery View 275 Timeline View 277 Disk View 280 View Pane Navigation 284 Text View 284 Hex View 287 Picture View 288 Report View 289 Doc View 289 Transcript View 290 File Extents View 291 Permissions View 291 Decode View 292 Field View 294 Lock Option 294 Dixon Box 294 Navigation Data (GPS) 295 Find Feature 297 Other Views and Tools 298 Conditions and Filters 298 EnScript 299 Text Styles 299 Adjusting Panes 300 Other Views 306 Global Views and Settings 306 EnCase Options 310 Summary 318 Exam Essentials 320 Review Questions 321 Chapter 7 Understanding, Searching For, and Bookmarking Data 325 Understanding Data 327 Binary Numbers 327 Hexadecimal 333 Characters 336 ASCII 337 Unicode 338 EnCase Evidence Processor 340 Searching for Data 352 Creating Keywords 353 GREP Keywords 364 Starting a Search 373 Viewing Search Hits and Bookmarking Your Findings 376 Bookmarking 377 Summary 426 Exam Essentials 428 Review Questions 430 Chapter 8 File Signature Analysis and Hash Analysis 435 File Signature Analysis 436 Understanding Application Binding 437 Creating a New File Signature 438 Conducting a File Signature Analysis 442 Hash Analysis 449 MD5 Hash 449 Hash Sets and Hash Libraries 449 Hash Analysis 462 Summary 466 Exam Essentials 468 Review Questions 469 Chapter 9 Windows Operating System Artifacts 473 Dates and Times 475 Time Zones 475 Windows 64-Bit Time Stamp 476 Adjusting for Time Zone Offsets 481 Recycle Bin 487 Details of Recycle Bin Operation 488 The INFO2 File 488 Determining the Owner of Files in the Recycle Bin 493 Files Restored or Deleted from the Recycle Bin 494 Using an EnCase Evidence Processor to Determine the Status of Recycle Bin Files 496 Recycle Bin Bypass 498 Windows Vista/Windows 7 Recycle Bin 500 Link Files 504 Changing the Properties of a Shortcut 504 Forensic Importance of Link Files 505 Using the Link File Parser 509 Windows Folders 511 Recent Folder 515 Desktop Folder 516 My Documents/Documents 518 Send To Folder 518 Temp Folder 519 Favorites Folder 520 Windows Vista Low Folders 521 Cookies Folder 523 History Folder 526 Temporary Internet Files 532 Swap File 535 Hibernation File 536 Print Spooling 537 Legacy Operating System Artifacts 543 Windows Volume Shadow Copy 544 Windows Event Logs 549 Kinds of Information Available in Event Logs 549 Determining Levels of Auditing 552 Windows Vista/7 Event Logs 554 Using the Windows Event Log Parser 555 For More Information 558 Summary 559 Exam Essentials 564 Review Questions 566 Chapter 10 Advanced EnCase 571 Locating and Mounting Partitions 573 Mounting Files 588 Registry 595 Registry History 595 Registry Organization and Terminology 596 Using EnCase to Mount and View the Registry 601 Registry Research Techniques 605 EnScript and Filters 608 Running EnScripts 609 Filters and Conditions 611 Email 614 Base64 Encoding 619 EnCase Decryption Suite 622 Virtual File System (VFS) 629 Restoration 633 Physical Disk Emulator (PDE) 636 Putting It All Together 641 Summary 645 Exam Essentials 648 Review Questions 649 Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 653 Chapter 1: Computer Hardware 654 Chapter 2: File Systems 655 Chapter 3: First Response 657 Chapter 4: Acquiring Digital Evidence 658 Chapter 5: EnCase Concepts 659 Chapter 6: EnCase Environment 661 Chapter 7: Understanding, Searching For, and Bookmarking Data 662 Chapter 8: File Signature Analysis and Hash Analysis 663 Chapter 9: Windows Operating System Artifacts 664 Chapter 10: Advanced EnCase 665 Appendix B Creating Paperless Reports 667 Exporting the Web Page Report 669 Creating Your Container Report 671 Bookmarks and Hyperlinks 675 Burning the Report to CD or DVD 678 Appendix C About the Additional Study Tools 681 Additional Study Tools 682 Sybex Test Engine 682 Electronic Flashcards 682 PDF of Glossary of Terms 682 Adobe Reader 682 Additional Author Files 683 System Requirements 683 Using the Study Tools 683 Troubleshooting 683 Customer Care 684 Index 685
£41.25
John Wiley & Sons Inc Investigative Computer Forensics
Book SynopsisInvestigative computer forensics is playing an increasingly important role in the resolution of challenges, disputes, and conflicts of every kind and in every corner of the world. Yet, for many, there is still great apprehension when contemplating leveraging these emerging technologies, preventing them from making the most of investigative computer forensics and its extraordinary potential to dissect everything from common crime to sophisticated corporate fraud. Empowering you to make tough and informed decisions during an internal investigation, electronic discovery exercise, or while engaging the capabilities of a computer forensic professional, Investigative Computer Forensics explains the investigative computer forensic process in layman's terms that users of these services can easily digest. Computer forensic/e-discovery expert and cybercrime investigator Erik Laykin provides readers with a cross section of information gleaned from his broad experience, covering Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Author’s Note xvii Introduction Investigative Computer Forensics 1 Changes in Technology 1 Changes in the Role of the Investigator 2 What is Computer Forensics? 4 Chapter 1 The Glue 7 The Relevancy of Truth 8 Foundations of Digital Evidence 9 Investigative Objectives 11 The Investigative Process 11 Trust 13 Privacy 14 Chapter 2 A Primer on Computers and Networks 17 The Mechanics of Electronically Stored Information 19 Optical Drives 25 The Server 27 The Router 30 Application Data 32 Metadata 35 Databases 37 E-mail Mechanics 41 The IP Address 43 Computer Time Artifacts 45 Social Media 45 Tablets 48 Cellular Telephones and Smartphones 50 Audio and Video 52 The Global Nervous System: Worldwide Data 54 Fundamentals of Network Traffic 58 The Firewall 59 Data- and Traffic-Gathering Applications 61 Dynamic Data Capture 63 The Cloud 65 International Data Security and Privacy Issues 67 Chapter 3 Computer Forensic Fundamentals 69 The Establishment of the Computer Forensic Laboratory 69 Evidence and Access Controls 73 The Forensic Workstation 79 Current Tools and Services 86 Building a Team and a Process 94 Computer Forensic Certifications 98 The Human Quotient 98 The Devil is in the Details 124 Chapter 4 Investigative Fundamentals 127 The Investigative Mind-Set 127 Case Management 128 Fraud and Investigative Analysis 129 Information Sources and Records 130 Investigative Techniques 130 Surveillance and Interviewing 132 Trade Secret Theft and IP Investigations 133 Human Resources and Interpersonal Investigations 134 Reporting and Testifying 136 Chapter 5 The Underpinnings of Investigative Computer Forensics 139 Seizure and Examination of Digital Evidence 140 Data Classification and Records Management 140 Deleted Data 143 Backups and Systems Preservation 145 Computer Crime Analysis and Reconstruction 147 The Who, What, Where, How of Data 149 Contracts Agreements, Third Parties, and Other Headaches 154 Ethics and Management 155 Chapter 6 Tactical Objectives and Challenges in Investigative Computer Forensics 157 Preparing for the Attack 158 Early Case Assessment 159 Investigative Pacing, Timing, and Setting Expectations 160 Working with Multinational Teams 161 Collections of Electronic Data in the Cloud and in Social Media 162 Investigating Internet Service Provider Records 164 Bridging the Actual World with the Cyberworld 165 Packaging the Findings 165 Chapter 7 The Cyber-Firefighters 167 Incident Response Fundamentals 167 Data Breaches 170 Theft and Fraud 172 Systems Failures 172 Internal Investigations 173 The Real-Time Predicament 175 Building a Global Resource Network 175 Honeypots and Other Attractive Intel-Gathering Targets 176 Databases and Structured Data 178 Organized Crime in the Cyber-Underworld 178 The Cyber-Underworld in Various Regions 179 State-Sponsored Cybercrime 181 Identity Theft 182 Intellectual Property and Trade Secret Theft 183 Botnets, Malware, Trojans, and Phishing 184 Data Breach Vulnerabilities 185 Hackers and Their Environment 186 Chapter 8 E-Discovery Responsibilities 189 Data Identification 189 Electronic Discovery Reference Model 190 E-Discovery Stages 192 Common E-Discovery and Foreign Data Challenges 196 Tools, Services, and Technologies 199 Emerging E-Discovery Realities 202 European and Asian Observations 205 Digital Evidence in the Courtroom 207 Chapter 9 The Future 209 Privacy and the Data Ecosystem 209 Access Controls and the Evolution of Trust 211 Global Communications Systems in the Cloud 211 Nanotechnology and Cognitive Computing 212 Digital Demographics and the Emerging Global Citizen 212 Extra-National Investigative Networks and the Information Union 214 Zero Day Forensics 214 Concluding Thoughts 215 About the Author 217 Index 219
£58.50
John Wiley & Sons Inc Bayesian Networks for Probabilistic Inference and
Book SynopsisBayesian Networks This book should have a place on the bookshelf of every forensic scientist who cares about the science of evidence interpretation.Dr. Ian Evett, Principal Forensic Services Ltd, London, UK Bayesian Networksfor Probabilistic Inference and Decision Analysis in Forensic Science Second Edition Continuing developments in science and technology mean that the amounts of information forensic scientists are able to provide for criminal investigations is ever increasing. The commensurate increase in complexity creates diffculties for scientists and lawyers with regard to evaluation and interpretation, notably with respect to issues of inference and decision. Probability theory, implemented through graphical methods, and specifically Bayesian networks, provides powerful methods to deal with this complexity. Extensions of these methods to elements of decision theory provide further support and assistance to the judicial system. BayeTrade Review“The clear and accessible style of this second edition makes this book ideal for all forensic scientists, applied statisticians and graduate students wishing to evaluate forensic findings from the perspective of probability and decision analysis. It will also appeal to lawyers and other scientists and professionals interested in the evaluation and interpretation of forensic findings, including decision making based on scientific information.” (Zentralblatt MATH, 1 October 2014) Table of ContentsForeword xiii Preface to the second edition xvii Preface to the first edition xxi 1 The logic of decision 1 1.1 Uncertainty and probability 1 1.1.1 Probability is not about numbers, it is about coherent reasoning under uncertainty 1 1.1.2 The first two laws of probability 2 1.1.3 Relevance and independence 3 1.1.4 The third law of probability 5 1.1.5 Extension of the conversation 6 1.1.6 Bayes’ theorem 6 1.1.7 Probability trees 7 1.1.8 Likelihood and probability 9 1.1.9 The calculus of (probable) truths 10 1.2 Reasoning under uncertainty 12 1.2.1 The Hound of the Baskervilles 12 1.2.2 Combination of background information and evidence 13 1.2.3 The odds form of Bayes’ theorem 15 1.2.4 Combination of evidence 16 1.2.5 Reasoning with total evidence 16 1.2.6 Reasoning with uncertain evidence 18 1.3 Population proportions, probabilities and induction 19 1.3.1 The statistical syllogism 19 1.3.2 Expectations and population proportions 21 1.3.3 Probabilistic explanations 22 1.3.4 Abduction and inference to the best explanation 25 1.3.5 Induction the Bayesian way 26 1.4 Decision making under uncertainty 28 1.4.1 Bookmakers in the Courtrooms? 28 1.4.2 Utility theory 29 1.4.3 The rule of maximizing expected utility 33 1.4.4 The loss function 34 1.4.5 Decision trees 35 1.4.6 The expected value of information 38 1.5 Further readings 42 2 The logic of Bayesian networks and influence diagrams 45 2.1 Reasoning with graphical models 45 2.1.1 Beyond detective stories 45 2.1.2 Bayesian networks 46 2.1.3 A graphical model for relevance 48 2.1.4 Conditional independence 50 2.1.5 Graphical models for conditional independence: d-separation 51 2.1.6 A decision rule for conditional independence 53 2.1.7 Networks for evidential reasoning 53 2.1.8 The Markov property 56 2.1.9 Influence diagrams 58 2.1.10 Conditional independence in influence diagrams 60 2.1.11 Relevance and causality 61 2.1.12 The Hound of the Baskervilles revisited 63 2.2 Reasoning with Bayesian networks and influence diagrams 65 2.2.1 Divide and conquer 66 2.2.2 From directed to triangulated graphs 67 2.2.3 From triangulated graphs to junction trees 69 2.2.4 Solving influence diagrams 71 2.2.5 Object-oriented Bayesian networks 74 2.2.6 Solving object-oriented Bayesian networks 79 2.3 Further readings 82 2.3.1 General 82 2.3.2 Bayesian networks and their predecessors in judicial contexts 83 3 Evaluation of scientific findings in forensic science 85 3.1 Introduction 85 3.2 The value of scientific findings 86 3.3 Principles of forensic evaluation and relevant propositions 90 3.3.1 Source level propositions 92 3.3.2 Activity level propositions 94 3.3.3 Crime level propositions 97 3.4 Pre-assessment of the case 100 3.5 Evaluation using graphical models 103 3.5.1 Introduction 103 3.5.2 General aspects of the construction of Bayesian networks 103 3.5.3 Eliciting structural relationships 105 3.5.4 Level of detail of variables and quantification of influences 106 3.5.5 Deriving an alternative network structure 108 4 Evaluation given source level propositions 113 4.1 General considerations 113 4.2 Standard statistical distributions 115 4.3 Two stains, no putative source 117 4.3.1 Likelihood ratio for source inference when no putative source is available 117 4.3.2 Bayesian network for a two-trace case with no putative source 119 4.3.3 An alternative network structure for a two trace no putative source case 121 4.4 Multiple propositions 122 4.4.1 Form of the likelihood ratio 122 4.4.2 Bayesian networks for evaluation given multiple propositions 123 5 Evaluation given activity level propositions 129 5.1 Evaluation of transfer material given activity level propositions assuming a direct source relationship 130 5.1.1 Preliminaries 130 5.1.2 Derivation of a basic structure for a Bayesian network 131 5.1.3 Modifying the basic network 134 5.1.4 Further considerations about background presence 137 5.1.5 Background from different sources 139 5.1.6 An alternative description of the findings 142 5.1.7 Bayesian network for an alternative description of findings 145 5.1.8 Increasing the level of detail of selected propositions 147 5.1.9 Evaluation of the proposed model 149 5.2 Cross- or two-way transfer of trace material 150 5.3 Evaluation of transfer material given activity level propositions with uncertainty about the true source 154 5.3.1 Network structure 154 5.3.2 Evaluation of the network 154 5.3.3 Effect of varying assumptions about key factors 157 6 Evaluation given crime level propositions 159 6.1 Material found on a crime scene: A general approach 159 6.1.1 Generic network construction for single offender 159 6.1.2 Evaluation of the network 161 6.1.3 Extending the single-offender scenario 163 6.1.4 Multiple offenders 166 6.1.5 The role of the relevant population 168 6.2 Findings with more than one component: The example of marks 168 6.2.1 General considerations 168 6.2.2 Adding further propositions 169 6.2.3 Derivation of the likelihood ratio 170 6.2.4 Consideration of distinct components 172 6.2.5 An extension to firearm examinations 177 6.2.6 A note on the likelihood ratio 181 6.3 Scenarios with more than one trace: ‘Two stain-one offender’ cases 182 6.4 Material found on a person of interest 185 6.4.1 General form 185 6.4.2 Extending the numerator 187 6.4.3 Extending the denominator 189 6.4.4 Extended form of the likelihood ratio 190 6.4.5 Network construction and examples 190 7 Evaluation of DNA profiling results 196 7.1 DNA likelihood ratio 196 7.2 Network approaches to the DNA likelihood ratio 198 7.2.1 The ‘match’ approach 198 7.2.2 Representation of individual alleles 198 7.2.3 Alternative representation of a genotype 202 7.3 Missing suspect 203 7.4 Analysis when the alternative proposition is that a brother of the suspect left the crime stain 206 7.4.1 Revision of probabilities and networks 206 7.4.2 Further considerations on conditional genotype probabilities 212 7.5 Interpretation with more than two propositions 214 7.6 Evaluation with more than two propositions 217 7.7 Partially corresponding profiles 220 7.8 Mixtures 223 7.8.1 Considering multiple crime stain contributors 223 7.8.2 Bayesian network for a three-allele mixture scenario 225 7.9 Kinship analyses 227 7.9.1 A disputed paternity 227 7.9.2 An extended paternity scenario 230 7.9.3 A case of questioned maternity 232 7.10 Database search 234 7.10.1 Likelihood ratio after database searching 234 7.10.2 An analysis focussing on posterior probabilities 237 7.11 Probabilistic approaches to laboratory error 241 7.11.1 Implicit approach to typing error 241 7.11.2 Explicit approach to typing error 243 7.12 Further reading 246 7.12.1 A note on object-oriented Bayesian networks 246 7.12.2 Additional topics 246 8 Aspects of combining evidence 249 8.1 Introduction 249 8.2 A difficulty in combining evidence: The ‘problem of conjunction’ 250 8.3 Generic patterns of inference in combining evidence 252 8.3.1 Preliminaries 252 8.3.2 Dissonant evidence: Contradiction and conflict 252 8.3.3 Harmonious evidence: Corroboration and convergence 256 8.3.4 Drag coefficient 261 8.4 Examples of the combination of distinct items of evidence 262 8.4.1 Handwriting and fingermarks 262 8.4.2 Issues in DNA analyses 266 8.4.3 One offender and two corresponding traces 267 8.4.4 Firearms and gunshot residues 271 8.4.5 Comments 279 9 Networks for continuous models 281 9.1 Random variables and distribution functions 281 9.1.1 Normal distribution 283 9.1.2 Bivariate Normal distribution 287 9.1.3 Conditional expectation and variance 288 9.2 Samples and estimates 289 9.2.1 Summary statistics 289 9.2.2 The Bayesian paradigm 291 9.3 Continuous Bayesian networks 292 9.3.1 Propagation in a continuous Bayesian network 295 9.3.2 Background data 300 9.3.3 Intervals for a continuous entity 302 9.4 Mixed networks 306 9.4.1 Bayesian network for a continuous variable with a discrete parent 308 9.4.2 Bayesian network for a continuous variable with a continuous parent and a binary parent, unmarried 310 10 Pre-assessment 314 10.1 Introduction 314 10.2 General elements of pre-assessment 315 10.3 Pre-assessment in a fibre case: A worked through example 316 10.3.1 Preliminaries 316 10.3.2 Propositions and relevant events 317 10.3.3 Expected likelihood ratios 319 10.3.4 Construction of a Bayesian network 321 10.4 Pre-assessment in a cross-transfer scenario 321 10.4.1 Bidirectional transfer 321 10.4.2 A Bayesian network for a pre-assessment of a cross-transfer scenario 324 10.4.3 The value of the findings 325 10.5 Pre-assessment for consignment inspection 328 10.5.1 Inspecting small consignments 328 10.5.2 Bayesian network for inference about small consignments 330 10.5.3 Pre-assessment for inspection of small consignments 333 10.6 Pre-assessment for gunshot residue particles 335 10.6.1 Formation and deposition of gunshot residue particles 335 10.6.2 Bayesian network for grouped expected findings (GSR counts) 336 10.6.3 Examples for GSR count pre-assessment using a Bayesian network 339 11 Bayesian decision networks 343 11.1 Decision making in forensic science 343 11.2 Examples of forensic decision analyses 344 11.2.1 Deciding about whether or not to perform a DNA analysis 344 11.2.2 Probability assignment as a question of decision making 352 11.2.3 Decision analysis for consignment inspection 357 11.2.4 Decision after database searching 366 11.3 Further readings 368 12 Object-oriented networks 370 12.1 Object orientation 370 12.2 General elements of object-oriented networks 371 12.2.1 Static versus dynamic networks 371 12.2.2 Dynamic Bayesian networks as object-oriented networks 373 12.2.3 Refining internal class descriptions 374 12.3 Object-oriented networks for evaluating DNA profiling results 378 12.3.1 Basic disputed paternity case 378 12.3.2 Useful class networks for modelling kinship analyses 379 12.3.3 Object-oriented networks for kinship analyses 381 12.3.4 Object-oriented networks for inference of source 383 12.3.5 Refining internal class descriptions and further considerations 385 13 Qualitative, sensitivity and conflict analyses 388 13.1 Qualitative probability models 389 13.1.1 Qualitative influence 389 13.1.2 Additive synergy 392 13.1.3 Product synergy 394 13.1.4 Properties of qualitative relationships 396 13.1.5 Implications of qualitative graphical models 401 13.2 Sensitivity analyses 402 13.2.1 Preliminaries 402 13.2.2 Sensitivity to a single probability assignment 403 13.2.3 Sensitivity to two probability assignments 405 13.2.4 Sensitivity to prior distribution 408 13.3 Conflict analysis 410 13.3.1 Conflict detection 411 13.3.2 Tracing a conflict 414 13.3.3 Conflict resolution 415 References 419 Author index 433 Subject index 438
£64.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Forensic Science in Court
Book SynopsisForensic Science in Court: The Role of the Expert Witness is a practical handbook aimed at forensic science students, to help them prepare as an expert witness when presenting their evidence in court.Trade Review"In conclusion, the book is well written generally with captions quoting historical references, case studies etc. which support the points being raised in each chapter." (Fingerprint Whorld, 1 February 2011) Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Where The Law Comes From: You Don’t Mess About With The People. 2 The Legal System and How It Works. 2.1 A brief look at the court structure. 2.2 The adversarial system. 2.3 Criminal cases. 2.4 The expert. 2.5 Witnesses. 2.6 Judgments. 2.7 Justification of the expert. 2.8 Civil cases. 2.9 Magistrates’ Court. 2.10 The Crown Court. 2.11 The High Court. 2.12 The Courts of Appeal. 2.13 Small Claims Court. 2.14 Arbitration. 2.15 The Coroner’s Court. 2.16 Courts martial. 2.17 Contempt. 3 Rules of Evidence as They Apply to an Expert Witness. 4 Appointment of Experts and the Written Report. 5 The Expert Forensic Scientist in Court. 6 Statistics and Statistical Inferences. 7 Ethical and Scientific Considerations for the Forensic Scientist. Appendix: Methods of Quoting Published Law Reports in Various Jurisdictions. Glossary of Commonly Used Terms and Phrases. Index.
£110.15
John Wiley & Sons Inc Forensic Science in Court
Book SynopsisForensic Science in Court: The Role of the Expert Witness is a practical handbook aimed at forensic science students, to help them prepare as an expert witness when presenting their evidence in court. Written in a clear, accessible manner, the book guides the student through the legal process and shows them how to handle evidence, write reports without ambiguity through to the more practical aspects of what to do when appearing in court. The book also offers advice on what to expect when working with lawyers in a courtroom situation. An essential text for all students taking forensic science courses who are required to take modules on how to present their evidence in court. The bookis also an invaluable reference for any scientist requested to give an opinion in a legal context. Integrates law and science in an easy to understand format Inclusion of case studies throughout Includes straightforward statistics essential for the forensic science stTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION: Forensic science and the justice system. CHAPTER ONE: Where the law comes from: You don't mess about with The People. CHAPTER TWO: The legal system and how it works. The legal justification for expert witnesses. The structure of civil and criminal courts. Who sits and the correct form of address. The unusual: coroners courts, courts martial and human rights. CHAPTER THREE: Rules of evidence as they apply to expert witnesses. The expert as advocate. The expert as arbiter. Appointment of experts by disputing sides and by the court. CHAPTER FOUR: The first point of contact, dealing with solicitors. The written report, structure and content. CHAPTER FIVE: The expert in court. What makes an expert. What you will be expected to contribute to the of the court. How to make the most of your appearance in court. CHAPTER SIX: Statistics and statistical inferences. What traditional statistical methodology can and cannot tell us. The statistical nature of databases. Different types of databases: Anonymous and named. CHAPTER SEVEN: Ethical considerations for the forensic scientist. APPENDIX: Nomenclature for citing law reports. GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED TERMS AND PHRASES INDEX
£37.76
Wiley Fundamentals of Forensic Anthropology Advances in Human Biology
Book SynopsisAn essential foundation for the practice of forensic anthropology This text is the first of its level written in more than twenty years. It serves as a summary and guide to the core material that needs to be mastered and evaluated for the practice of forensic anthropology.Trade Review"I enthusiastically recommend Fundamentals of Forensic Anthropology as reading in upper level forensic anthropology courses…both strongly theoretical and practical. I also recommend it to all forensic-science professionals as a helpful reference to have at hand." (The Applied Anthropologist, Spring 2008, reviewed by Gabrielle Jones) "[The author] sets the standard for how textbooks should be engagingly written with clarity and humor." (reviewed by Jeri DeYoung, The Applied Anthropologist, Spring 2008) "…a valuable addition to the forensic science literature…essential." (CHOICE, June 2007) "...an important contribution from a well versed and experienced forensic anthropologist, and will serve as a useful summary of the state of the science today." (American Journal of Physical Anthropology, March 2007) "...the first of its level written in more than twenty years...an essential foundation for the practice of forensic anthropology." (SirReadaLot.org, August 2006)Table of ContentsPhoto Credits ix Acknowledgments xi Series Introduction xiii Part I Background Setting For Forensic Anthropology 1 Introduction 3 Overview of the Field 3 Education and Training 5 Overview of the Book 6 2 The Role of Forensic Anthropology in Historical Context 8 The Somewhat Difficult Birth of a Specialty 8 The Middle Years 11 Approaching Senescence? 15 Part II Towards Personal Identification 3 Initial Assessments of Skeletal Remains 19 Human or Not? 20 Number of Individuals Represented 22 4 Assignment of Sex 25 Criteria for Sex Attribution in the Adult Skeleton 25 Pelvic Traits 26 The Skull 28 Visual Assessment 30 Discriminant Function Analysis 31 The Appendicular Bones 33 Femur 33 Humerus 34 Other Appendicular Elements 35 Miscellaneous Axial Bones 36 Attribution of Sex from the Skeletons of Children 37 Figuring the Error Rate 39 5 Age Estimation 42 The Early Years 43 Dental Age 44 Bone Age 46 Long Bone Length 46 Union of Primary Ossification Centers 48 Epiphyseal Fusion 49 The Adult Years 53 Macroscopic Methods 53 Face of the Pubic Symphysis 53 Sternal Extremity of the Rib 55 The Auricular Surface 56 Cranial Suture Closure 57 Dental Methods 58 Microscopic Methods 60 Other Age Indicators 62 Concluding Remarks on Adult Age Estimation 63 6 Deciphering Ancestral Background 64 The Biological and the Cultural 64 The Biological Context 65 The Cultural Component 65 Skeletal Indicators 66 The Skull 66 The Postcranium 75 7 Stature Estimation 77 How Tall Are You, Really? 77 Estimation of Living Stature from Skeletal Remains 78 The Fully Method 79 Stature Estimation From Long Bone Length 80 Comparison of Methods 82 Reporting Stature Estimates 83 Correcting Stature Estimates for Older Adults 84 Secular Trend 86 Stature Estimates from Fragmentary Long Bones 86 Stature Estimation from Short Bone Length 87 Footwear and Foot Length 87 8 Skeletal Markers of Activity and Life History 89 Childbirth Indicators 90 Handedness 91 Other Activity Markers 92 Partial Medical History 94 Medical Radiology 96 Part III Principal Anthropological Roles In Medical–Legal Investigation 9 Trauma 101 Blunt Force Trauma 102 Cranial Fracture 102 Hyoid Fracture 105 Postcranial Fracture 106 Child Abuse 106 Penetrating and Perforating Trauma 109 Gunshot Wounds 109 Sharp Injuries 114 10 The Postmortem Period 117 Estimation of the Postmortem Interval 117 Postmortem Events 122 Carnivore Scavenging 123 Cremation 124 Has the Body Been Burned? 125 Fracturing 126 Bone Shrinkage 129 Dismemberment 129 Ritual Use of Skeletal Material 130 11 Professionalism, Ethics, and the Expert Witness 132 The Expert Witness 133 Standards and Credentials for Expert Testimony 134 Some Practical Issues 136 Ethics 137 Science in the Courtroom: Two Unfortunate Examples 139 When Good Science is not Presented 139 When Good Science is Ignored 143 12 Genetics and DNA 145 Serology and Mendelian Genetics 146 Forensic DNA Analysis 147, Legal Considerations 150 References 152 Index 175
£121.46
