Financial accounting Books

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPART 1 INTRODUCTION TO PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING 1: Introduction to accounting principles 2: The accounting system 3: The accounting equation and statement of financial position 4: The double entry system for assets, liabilities and capital 5: The double entry system for inventory 6: The double entry system for expenses and revenues 7: Balancing off accounts 8: The trial balance 9: Capital and revenue expenditures PART 2 THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF SOLE TRADERS 10: Introduction to statements of profit or loss 11: Statements of financial position 12: Statements of profit or loss and statements of financial position: further considerations 13: Accounting standards, rules and concepts PART 3 BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY 14: Value added tax (VAT) 15: Business documentation 16: Division of the ledger: sales day book and sales ledger including VAT 17: Purchases day book and purchases returns day book 19: Analytical day books 20: Business banking 21: Cash books 22: Petty cash and the imprest system 23: Bank reconciliation statements 24: The journal 25: Control accounts PART 4 ADJUSTMENTS TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 26: Depreciation of non-current assets 27: Double entry records for depreciation and the disposal of assets 28: Bad debts and allowances for doubtful debts 29: Accruals, prepayments and other adjustments for financial statements 30: Extended trial balance 31: Inventory valuation 32: Errors not affecting trial balance agreement 33: Suspense accounts and errors PART 5 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF OTHER ORGANISATIONS 34: Single entry and incomplete reocrds 35: Accounting for non-profit-making organisations 36: Partnership accounts 37: Limited company accounts 38: Manufacturing accounts 39: Analysis and interpretation of financial statements PART 6 ASSOCIATED ACCOUNTING TOPICS 40: Computers and accounting systems 41: Ethics: getting it right as a professional APPENDICES A TO E

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Book Synopsis David Alexander is Emeritus Professor of Accounting at the University of Birmingham Business School, England. International visiting professorships over the years include those at Bocconi University, Milan (Italy); University of Osnabrück (Germany); Norwegian School of Management (Norway); ESC Clermont-Ferrand (France); CNAM, Paris (France); University of Bergamo (Italy); Università Ca' Foscari, Venice (Italy).    Christopher Nobes is Professor of Accounting at Royal Holloway, University of London, England and at the University of Sydney, Australia. He has also held visiting posts at Pompeo Fabra University, Barcelona (Spain); Norwegian School of Management, Oslo (Norway); Nyenrode University (Netherlands); Padua University (Italy); University of Auckland (New Zealand); and University of San Diego (United States). He was a member of the board of the International Accounting Standards Committee from 1993 to 2001. Table of Contents Part 1 THE CONTEXT OF ACCOUNTING 1 Introduction 2 Some fundamentals 3 Frameworks and concepts 4 Regulation of accounting 5 International differences and harmonisation 6 Company reporting 7 Financial statement analysis Part 2 FINANCIAL REPORTING ISSUES 8 Recognition and measurement of the elements of financial statements 9 Tangible and intangible non-current assets 10 Inventories 11 Financial assets, liabilities and equity 12 Accounting and taxation 13 Cash flow statements 14 Group accounting 15 Foreign currency translation Part 3 ANALYSIS 16 Financial appraisal 17 International analysis Appendices A Double-entry bookkeeping B An outline of the content of International Financial Reporting Standards C An outline of the content of the EU’s Directive on accounting law D Answers to multiple-choice questions E Feedback on exercises Glossary of terms Index

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Book SynopsisJamie Elliott is a director who has worked for Deloitte, Huawei, Panasonic, and Mott MacDonald. Prior to his corporate career, he lectured in undergraduate degree programmes and was Assistant Professor in MBA and Executive Education programmes at the London Business School. Barry Elliott has extensive teaching experience in undergraduate, postgraduate, and professional programmes in England, New Zealand, China, Hong Kong, and Singapore. He has worked for Coopers & Lybrand as a Training Manager in London and National Training Manager in Australia. He has extensive experience as an external examiner in higher education at all levels of professional education.Trade Review"Well-structured, informative, and enriched with relevant examples. The coverage of established and contemporary issues within financial accounting and reporting is comprehensive." Dr Chloe Wu, Lecturer and Assistant Professor in Accounting and Finance, University of Leeds "An excellent well-written text, offering students ample examples to apply and learn. The textbook provides a balanced structure for accounting and non-accounting students." Sajid Bashir, Lecturer & Doctorate Associate in Accounting and Financial Management, Sheffield University Management School Table of ContentsBrief contents: PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING ON A CASH FLOW AND ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING BASIS Accounting and reporting on a cash flow basis Accounting and reporting on an accrual accounting basis PART 2 PREPARATION OF INTERNAL AND PUBLISHED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Preparation of financial statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, changes in equity and financial position Annual report: additional financial disclosures Statements of cash flows Accounting for price-level changes PART 3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK – AN ATTEMPT TO ACHIEVE UNIFORMITY Financial reporting – evolution of global standards Concepts – evolution of an international conceptual framework Revenue recognition PART 4 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION – EQUITY, LIABILITY AND ASSET MEASUREMENT AND DISCLOSURE Share capital, distributable profits and reduction of capital Liabilities Financial instruments Employee benefits Taxation in company accounts Property, plant and equipment (PPE) Leasing Intangible assets Inventories Construction contracts PART 5 CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS Accounting for groups at the date of acquisition Preparation of consolidated statements of financial position after the date of acquisition Preparation of consolidated statements of profit or loss, changes in equity and cash flows Accounting for associates and joint arrangements Introduction to accounting for exchange differences PART 6 INTERPRETATION Earnings per share Review of financial ratio analysis Analysis of published financial statements PART 7 ACCOUNTABILITY Corporate governance Ethical behaviour and implications for accountants Integrated reporting: sustainability, environmental and social Index Full contents: PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING ON A CASH FLOW AND ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING BASIS Accounting and reporting on a cash flow basis 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Shareholders 1.3 What skills does an accountant require in respect of external reports? 1.4 Managers 1.5 What skills does an accountant require in respect of internal reports? 1.6 Procedural steps when reporting to internal users 1.7 Agency costs 1.8 Illustration of periodic financial statements prepared under the cash flow concept to disclose realised operating cash flows 1.9 Illustration of preparation of statement of financial position 1.10 Treatment of non-current assets in the cash flow model 1.11 What are the characteristics of these data that make them reliable? 1.12 Reports to external users 1.13 Micro businesses Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Accounting and reporting on an accrual accounting basis 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Historical cost convention 2.3 Accrual basis of accounting 2.4 Mechanics of accrual accounting – adjusting cash receipts and payments 2.5 Reformatting the statement of financial position 2.6 Accounting for the sacrifice of non-current assets 2.7 Published statement of cash flows Summary Review questions Exercises Notes PART 2 PREPARATION OF INTERNAL AND PUBLISHED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Preparation of financial statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, changes in equity and financial position 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Preparing an internal statement of profit or loss from a trial balance 3.3 Reorganising the income and expenses into one of the formats required for publication 3.4 Format 1: classification of operating expenses and other income by function 3.5 Format 2: classification of operating expenses according to their nature 3.6 Other information to be presented in the profit or loss section 3.7 Other comprehensive income 3.8 Presentation of non-recurring items and their effect on operating income 3.9 How decision-useful is the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income? 3.10 Statement of changes in equity 3.11 The statement of financial position 3.12 The explanatory notes that are part of the financial statements 3.13 Has prescribing the formats meant that identical transactions are reported identically? 3.14 Fair presentation 3.15 What does an investor need in addition to the primary financial statements to make decisions? 3.16 IAS 1 ED General Presentation and Disclosures Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Annual report: additional financial disclosures 4.1 Introduction 4.2 IAS 10 Events after the Reporting Period 4.3 IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors 4.4 What do segment reports provide? 4.5 IFRS 8 Operating Segments 80 4.6 Benefits and continuing concerns following the issue of IFRS 8 4.7 Discontinued operations — IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations 4.8 Held for sale — IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations 4.9 IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Statements of cash flows 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Development of statements of cash flows 5.3 Applying IAS 7 (revised) Statement of Cash Flows 5.4 Step approach to preparation of a statement of cash flows — indirect method 5.5 Additional notes required by IAS 7 5.6 Analysing statements of cash flows 5.7 Approach to answering questions with time constraints 5.8 Preparing a statement of cash flows when no statement of income is available 5.9 Critique of cash flow accounting Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Accounting for price-level changes 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Review of the problems of historical cost accounting (HCA) 6.3 Inflation accounting 6.4 The concepts in principle 6.5 The four models illustrated for a company with cash purchases and sales 6.6 Critique of each model 6.7 Operating capital maintenance – a comprehensive example 6.8 Critique of CCA statements 6.9 Measurement bases 6.10 The IASB position where there is hyperinflation 6.11 Future developments Summary Review questions Exercises Bibliography Notes PART 3 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK – AN ATTEMPT TO ACHIEVE UNIFORMITY Financial reporting — evolution of global standards 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Why do we need financial reporting standards? 7.3 Why do we need standards to be mandatory? 7.4 Arguments in support of standards 7.5 Arguments against standards 7.6 The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) as a regulatory body 7.7 The International Accounting Standards Board 7.8 Standard setting and enforcement in the European Union (EU) 7.9 Standard setting and enforcement in the US 7.10 Advantages and disadvantages of global standards for publicly accountable entities 7.11 How do reporting requirements differ for non-publicly accountable entities? 7.12 IFRS for SMEs 7.13 Why have there been differences in financial reporting? 7.14 Move towards a conceptual framework Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Concepts — evolution of an international conceptual framework 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Different countries meant different financial statements 8.3 Historical overview of the evolution of financial accounting theory 8.4 Developing the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements 8.5 Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018 8.6 Current developments – concept of materiality Summary and evaluation of position to date Review questions Exercises Revenue recognition 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The issues involved in developing the new standard 9.3 IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers 9.4 Five-step process to identify the amount and timing of revenue 9.5 Disclosures Summary Review questions Exercises Notes PART 4 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION — EQUITY, LIABILITY AND ASSET MEASUREMENT AND DISCLOSURE Share capital, distributable profits and reduction of capital 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Common themes 10.3 Total owners' equity: an overview 10.4 Total shareholders' funds: more detailed explanation 10.5 Accounting entries on issue of shares 10.6 Creditor protection: capital maintenance concept 10.7 Creditor protection: why capital maintenance rules are necessary 10.8 Creditor protection: how to quantify the amounts available to meet creditors’ claims 10.9 Issued share capital: minimum share capital 10.10 Distributable profits: general considerations 10.11 Distributable profits: how to arrive at the amount using relevant accounts 10.12 When may capital be reduced? 10.13 Writing off part of capital which has already been lost and is not represented by assets 10.14 Repayment of part of paid-in capital to shareholders or cancellation of unpaid share capital 10.15 Purchase of own shares Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Liabilities 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Provisions — a decision tree approach to their impact on the statement of financial position 11.3 Treatment of provisions 11.4 The general principles that IAS 37 applies to the recognition of a provision 11.5 Management approach to measuring the amount of a provision 11.6 Application of criteria illustrated 11.7 Provisions for specific purposes 11.8 Contingent liabilities 11.9 Contingent assets 11.10 Criticisms of IAS 37 11.11 Future progress Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Financial instruments 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Financial instruments – the IASB’s problem child 12.3 IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation 12.4 IFRS 9 Financial Instruments 12.5 IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosure Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Employee benefits 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Greater employee interest in pensions 13.3 Financial reporting implications 13.4 Types of scheme 13.5 Accounting for defined contribution pension schemes 13.6 Accounting for defined benefit pension schemes 13.7 IAS 19 Employee Benefits 13.8 The asset or liability for pension and other post-retirement costs 13.9 Changes in the pension asset or liability position 13.10 Comprehensive illustration 13.11 Multi-employer plans 13.12 Disclosures 13.13 Other long-service benefits 13.14 Short-term benefits 13.15 Termination benefits 13.16 IFRS 2 Share-based Payment 13.17 Scope of IFRS 2 13.18 Recognition and measurement 13.19 Equity-settled share-based payments 13.20 Cash-settled share-based payments 13.21 Transactions which may be settled in cash or shares 13.22 IAS 26 Accounting and Reporting by Retirement Benefit Plans Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Taxation in company accounts 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Corporation tax 14.3 Corporation tax systems — the theoretical background 14.4 Dividends pre- and post-2016 14.5 Corporation tax systems – avoidance and evasion 14.6 IAS 12 — accounting for current taxation 14.7 Deferred tax 14.8 A critique of deferred taxation 14.9 Value added tax (VAT) Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Property, plant and equipment (PPE) 15.1 Introduction 15.2 PPE — concepts and the relevant IASs and IFRSs 15.3 What is PPE? 15.4 How is the cost of PPE determined? 15.5 What is depreciation? 15.6 What are the constituents in the depreciation formula? 15.7 Calculation of depreciation 15.8 Measurement subsequent to initial recognition 15.9 IAS 36 Impairment of Assets 15.10 IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations 15.11 Disclosure requirements 15.12 Government grants towards the cost of PPE 15.13 Investment properties 15.14 Effect of accounting policy for PPE on the interpretation of the financial statements Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Leasing 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Need for an accounting standard on leasing 16.3 Terms and conditions of a lease 16.4 Leases in the financial statements of lessees under IFRS 16 16.5 Leases in the financial statements of lessors 16.6 Sale and leaseback transactions Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Intangible assets 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Intangible assets defined 17.3 Accounting treatment for research and development 17.4 Why is research expenditure not capitalised? 17.5 Capitalising development costs 17.6 Disclosure of R&D 17.7 IFRS for SMEs' treatment of intangible assets 17.8 Internally generated and purchased goodwill 17.9 The accounting treatment of goodwill 17.10 Critical comment on the various methods that have been used to account for goodwill 17.11 Negative goodwill/badwill 17.12 Brands 17.13 Accounting for acquired brands 17.14 Intellectual capital disclosures (ICDs) in the annual report 17.15 Review of implementation of IFRS 3 17.16 Review of the implementation of identified intangibles under IAS 38 Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Inventories 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Inventory defined 18.3 The impact of inventory valuation on profits 18.4 IAS 2 Inventories 18.5 Inventory valuation 18.6 Work in progress 18.7 Inventory control 18.8 Creative accounting 18.9 Audit of the year-end physical inventory count 18.10 Published accounts 18.11 Agricultural activity Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Construction contracts 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Construction contracts 19.3 IFRS 15 treatment of construction contracts 19.4 Accounting for a contract – an example 19.5 Illustration — loss-making contract using the step approach 19.6 Public & private partnerships 19.7 Requirements of IFRIC 12 Service Concession Arrangements 19.8 Worked example of service concession accounting Summary Review questions Exercises Notes PART 5 CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS Accounting for groups at the date of acquisition 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Preparing consolidated accounts for a wholly owned subsidiary 20.3 IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements 20.4 Fair values 20.5 Illustration where there is a wholly owned subsidiary 20.6 Preparing consolidated accounts when there is a partly owned subsidiary 20.7 The treatment of differences between a subsidiary's fair value and book value 20.8 The parent issues shares to acquire shares in a subsidiary 20.9 IFRS 3 Business Combinations treatment of goodwill at the date of acquisition 20.10 When may a parent company not be required to prepare consolidated accounts? 20.11 When may a parent company exclude or not exclude a subsidiary from a consolidation? 20.12 IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement 20.13 What advantages are there for stakeholders from requiring groups to prepare consolidated accounts? Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Preparation of consolidated statements of financial position after the date of acquisition 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Uniform accounting policies and reporting dates 21.3 Pre- and post-acquisition profits/losses 21.4 The Bend Group — assuming there have been no inter-group transactions 21.5 Inter-company transactions 21.6 The Prose Group — assuming there have been inter-group transactions Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Preparation of consolidated statements of profit or loss, changes in equity and cash flows 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Eliminate inter-company transactions 22.3 Preparation of a consolidated statement of profit or loss – the Ante Group 22.4 The statement of changes in equity (SOCE) 22.5 Other consolidation adjustments 22.6 A subsidiary acquired part-way through the year 22.7 Published format statement of profit or loss 22.8 Consolidated statements of cash flows Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Accounting for associates and joint arrangements 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Definitions of associates and of significant influence 23.3 The treatment of associated companies in the financial statements of the investor 23.4 The Brill Group — group accounts with a profit-making associate 23.5 The Brill Group — group accounts with a loss-making associate 23.6 The acquisition of an associate part-way through the year 23.7 Joint arrangements 23.8 Disclosure in the financial statements Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Introduction to accounting for exchange differences 24.1 Introduction 24.2 How to record foreign currency transactions in a company's own books 24.3 Boil plc — a more detailed illustration 24.4 IAS 21 Concept of Functional and Presentation Currencies 24.5 Translating the functional currency into the presentation currency 24.6 Preparation of consolidated accounts 24.7 How to reduce the risk of translation differences 24.8 Critique of the use of presentational currency 24.9 IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies Summary Review questions Exercises Notes PART 6 INTERPRETATION Earnings per share 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Why is the earnings per share figure important? 25.3 How is the EPS figure calculated? 25.4 The use to shareholders of the EPS 25.5 Illustration of the basic EPS calculation 25.6 Adjusting the number of shares used in the basic EPS calculation 25.7 Rights issues 25.8 Adjusting the earnings and number of shares used in the diluted EPS calculation 25.9 Procedure where there are several potential dilutions 25.10 Exercise of conversion rights during the financial year 25.11 Disclosure requirements of IAS 33 25.12 Enhanced disclosures Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Review of financial ratio analysis 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Overview of techniques for the analysis of financial data 26.3 Ratio analysis — a case study 26.4 Introductory review 26.5 Financial statement analysis, part 1 — financial performance 26.6 Financial statement analysis, part 2 — liquidity 26.7 Financial statement analysis, part 3 — financing 26.8 Peer comparison 26.9 Report based on the analysis 26.10 Caution when using ratios for prediction Summary Review questions Exercises Analysis of published financial statements 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Alternative performance measures 27.3 EBITDA 27.4 EBITDAR 27.5 EBITDARM 27.6 Regulators' reaction to use of an alternative management performance measure (APM) 27.7 Use of ratios as thresholds 27.8 Predicting corporate failure 27.9 Investor-specific ratios 27.10 Published financial statements — their limitations for interpretation purposes 27.11 Improvement of information for shareholders 27.12 Valuing shares of an unquoted company — quantitative process 27.13 Valuing shares of an unquoted company — qualitative process 27.14 Possible effects of a pandemic (Covid-19) 27.15 Possible effects of Brexit Summary Review questions Exercises Notes PART 7 ACCOUNTABILITY Corporate governance 28.1 Introduction 28.2 A systems perspective 28.3 Different jurisdictions have different governance priorities 28.4 The effect on capital markets of good corporate governance 28.5 Risk management 28.6 The role of internal control, internal audit and audit committees in corporate governance 28.7 External audits in corporate governance 28.8 Detection of fraud 28.9 The Regulator’s approach to promoting improved disclosures 28.10 International perspective (IFIAR) 28.11 The future of audit 28.12 Executive remuneration in the UK 28.13 Corporate governance — ways to make directors accountable Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Ethical behaviour and implications for accountants 29.1 Introduction 29.2 The meaning of ethical behaviour 29.3 The accounting standard-setting process and ethics 29.4 The International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants 2018 29.5 Implications of ethical values for the principles — versus rules-based approaches to accounting standards 29.6 Ethics in the accountant's work environment — a research report 29.7 Implications of unethical behaviour for stakeholders using the financial reports 29.8 The increasing role of whistle-blowing 29.9 Legal requirement to report — national and international regulation 29.10 Why should students learn ethics? Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Integrated reporting: sustainability, environmental and social 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Environmental and social disasters, the adverse consequences that can follow and the lessons to be learnt 30.3 Management accountability for environmental and social responsibility 30.4 Integrated reporting concepts 30.5 The historical context of the evolution of integrated reporting including the drivers of this movement 30.6 The seriousness of current threats: sustainability — climate change and pollution 30.7 The efforts on which integrated reporting builds 30.8 The contribution of accountants 30.9 Integrated reporting — its impact on the future development of financial reporting and accounting 30.10 Reporting to stakeholders to account for stewardship 30.11 Reporting to stakeholders to assist decision making 30.12 Real-time reporting 30.13 Other means of communication with stakeholders 30.14 The way forward for improved sustainability disclosure Summary Review questions Exercises Notes Publisher's acknowledgements Index

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Book SynopsisAbout our authors William (Bill) Thomas is the J. E. Bush Professor of Accounting and a Master Teacher at Baylor University. A Baylor University alumnus, he received both his BBA and MBA there and went on to earn his PhD from The University of Texas at Austin. With primary interests in the areas of financial accounting and auditing, Bill Thomas has served as the J. E. Bush Professor of Accounting since 1995. He has been a member of the faculty of the Accounting and Business Law Department of the Hankamer School of Business since 1971, and served as chair of the department for 12 years. He has been recognized as an Outstanding Faculty Member of Baylor University as well as a Distinguished Professor for the Hankamer School of Business. Dr. Thomas has received many awards for outstanding teaching, including the Outstanding Professor in the Executive MBA Programs as well as designation as Master Teacher. Thomas is the author of textbooks in auditi

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Book SynopsisFinancial Accounting and Reporting, 21st edition, by Jamie Elliott and Barry Elliott provides a complete overview of this demanding subject, equipping you with the knowledge to understand, prepare and critically discuss IFRS-compliant financial statements with reference to the wider context and practice of financial reporting.

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Book SynopsisLearn how to conduct financial statement analysis most effectively as you perform analyses on actual, familiar companies. Wahlen/Baginski/Bradshaw's FINANCIAL REPORTING, FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS, AND VALUATION, 9E provides a complete, balanced approach as the authors teach you how to integrate concepts from economics, finance, business strategy, accounting, and other business disciplines through the book's unique six-step process. Quick checks after each section help you ensure you have grasped key insights, while integrative and continuing cases highlight familiar companies, including Starbucks and PepsiCo.Table of Contents1. Overview of Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis, and Valuation. 2. Asset and Liability Valuation and Income Recognition. 3. Income Flows versus Cash Flows: Understanding the Statement of Cash Flows. 4. Profitability Analysis. 5. Risk Analysis. 6. Financing Activities. 7. Investing Activities. 8. Operating Activities. 9. Accounting Quality. 10. Forecasting Financial Statements. 11. Risk-Adjusted Expected Rates of Return and the Dividends Valuation Approach. 12. Valuation: Cash-Flow Based Approaches. 13. Valuation: Earnings-Based Approaches. 14. Valuation: Market-Based Approaches. Appendix A: Financial Statements and Notes for PepsiCo, Inc. and Subsidiaries. Appendix B (online): Management's Discussion and Analysis for PepsiCo, Inc. and Subsidiaries. Appendix C (online): Financial Statement Analysis Package (FSAP). Appendix D (online): Financial Statement Ratios: Descriptive Statistics by Industry and by Year. Index. Appendix 1.1 (online) Preparing a Term Project.

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Book SynopsisA review of the literature on environmental taxes, focusing on European experiences, and analysing how such taxes can contribute to green causes as well as reducing the tax burden from ordinary taxation. The authors examine the potential ''double dividend'' from tax reform for helping the environment, reducing unemployment and encouraging growth.Table of ContentsPreface; L.Castellucci A. Markandya PART I: GENERAL ISSUES Environmental Taxation: What Have We Learned in the Last Thirty Years? A.Markandya Market-Based Instruments in CEE Countries: Much Ado About Nothing; M. Scasny V. Maca PART II: DISTRIBUTIONAL ISSUES Environmental Fiscal Reform in East and Southern Africa and its Effects on Income Distribution; D. Slunge T. Sterner Environmental Quality and Income Inequality: The Impact of Redistribution on Direct Household Emissions in Italy; L. Castellucci , A. d'Amato M. Zoli PART III: CARBON TAXATION Carbon Pricing as an Effective Instrument of Climate Policy: Searching for an Optimal Policy Instrument; A. Ansuategi I. Galarraga Green Taxes on Aviation: The Case of Italy. The Proposal of the Green Taxation Matrix; A. Markandya E. C. Ricci Is it Time for a Revival of ETR in Italy? Energy Elasticities and Factor Substitutability for Manufacturing Firms; R. Bardazzi , F. Oropallo M.G. Pazienza Financing Public Expenditure via Emissions Taxation under International Emissions Trading: Is there any Scope for Emission Tax Harmonization? A. d'Amato A. Spisto

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Book SynopsisA clear, easy-to-understand explanation of key financial accounting basics.The world of accounting can be intimidating. Whether you''re a manager, business owner, aspiring entrepreneur, or taking a college course in accounting, you''ll find yourself need to know the basics...but baffled by complicated accounting books. What if learning accounting could be as simple and fun as running a child''s lemonade stand? It can.The Accounting Game presents financial information in a format so simple and so unlike a common accounting textbook, you may forget you''re learning skills that will help you get ahead! Using the world of a child''s lemonade stand to teach the basics of managing your finances, this book makes a dry subject fun and understandable. As you run your stand, you''ll begin to understand and apply financial terms and concepts like assets, liabilities, earnings, inventory and notes payable, plus:Interactive format gives you hands-on experienTable of ContentsIntroduction Pre-Test Chapter 1: Cash, Original Investment, Assets, Liabilities, Notes Payable, Owner's Equity, Balance Sheets, Inventory, Earnings, Expenses Chapter 2: Gross Profit, Net Profit, Income Statements, Cash Flow Chapter 3: Retained Earnings, Loans, Credit, Accounts Payable, Notes Payable Chapter 4: Paid Labor, Accounts Receivable, Bad Debt, Interest, Prepaid Expenses, Accrual Method, Cash Method, Creative Accounting Chapter 5: Service Businesses Chapter 6: FIFO, LIFO Chapter 7: Cash Statements, Fixed Assets, Capitalization, Depreciation Chapter 8: Profits vs. Cash Chapter 9: Taxes, Liquidation Chapter 10: Final Analysis – Improving Profits Post-Test Answer Key Glossary Index About the Authors Diploma

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Book SynopsisThe vast majority of international trade is supported by some form of trade financing: a specialized, sometimes complex form of financing that is poorly understood even by bankers and seasoned finance and treasury experts. Financing Trade and International Supply Chains takes the mystery out of trade and supply chain finance, providing a practical, straightforward overview of a discipline that is fundamental to the successful conduct of trade: trade that contributes to the creation of economic value, poverty reduction and international development, while increasing prosperity across the globe. The book suggests that every trade or supply chain finance solution, no matter how elaborate, addresses some combination of four elements: facilitation of secure and timely payment, effective mitigation of risk, provision of financing and liquidity, and facilitation of transactional and financial information flow. The book includes observations on the effective use of traditional mechanisms sucTrade Review’...very informative, full of useful information and a great read for anyone involved in international trade or trade finance, at any level or angle. A remarkable and very contemporary approach to issues that are currently very hot in international commerce.’ Eduardo Klurfan, Chief Representative and Country Head, Cuba, Bank of Nova Scotia, Havana, Cuba ’A very comprehensive description of all relevant aspects all stakeholders in financing trade and international supply chains have certainly waited for.’ Markus Wohlgeschaffen, Managing Director, Global Head of Trade Finance and Services, Global Transaction Banking, Unicredit Bank AG, Munich, Germany ’I wish I had a copy of this publication 29 years ago when I commenced my career as it would have provided both an excellent overview and a more in-depth treatment of the trade finance world...’ Maninder Bhandari, Founder, Partner and Managing Director, The Encore Group and The Derby Group, Dubai, UAE ’Malaket offers an insightful compendium of facts, figures, practices and case studies that show the reader how the world’s trade finance architecture actually works. His portrayal is thematic, and grounded in theory, but he somehow manages to bring that theory to life. He also captures the evolutionary nature of the system - the fact that we are watching a movie, not examining a snapshot, comes through loud and clear. This book will be required reading for beginners and veterans alike.’ Stephen S. Poloz, Governor of the Bank of Canada and past President and CEO of Export Development Canada ’The environment around international trade and trade finance has changed considerably in the years I have known Alexander Malaket. While banks have dedicated departments to meet the many requirements related to trade and supply chain finance, they also need to rely on external specialists, of which Alexander is one of the most knowledgeable representatives. This book is another evidence of his ability to stay onTable of Contents1: International Trade: Where Does Financing Fit In?; 2: The Fundamentals of Trade Finance; 3: Understanding Global Supply Chains; 4: Trade and Supply Chain Finance: The Needs of Buyers and Sellers; 5: Financing Trade: selected Concepts and Traditional Solutions; 6: Financing Trade: Supply Chain Finance; 7: Engaging Effectively with Finance Providers; 8: Financing in Context: Trade Transaction Flow; 9: Export Credit Agencies, International Institutions and Non-Bank Providers; 10: Flexibility of Financing: Small Business, Developing Markets; 11: Financing, Risk and Cost: Realities of International Trade; 12: Trade and Supply Chain Finance: A Case Study; 13: Looking Ahead: Trade and Supply Chain Finance Tomorrow

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Book SynopsisWe've taken our best-selling Cost Accounting guide and enhanced it with fresh, up-to-date information that every company should know! Like the original, our 3-panel edition details the many aspects of accounting within businesses; key definitions and examples of accounting practices are listed for easy reference. New to this edition are helpful charts, diagrams, and tables that further illustrate the subject.

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Book SynopsisA Quick, Compact, and Easy-to-Understand Workbook Resource for Non-Accountants! The perfect financial accounting guide for beginners!The Study Guide and Workbook Accounting for Non-Accountants is the must-have companion to the original for all of us who have never taken an accounting class, are mystified by accounting jargon, and have no clue about balance sheets, income statements, payroll management, corporate taxes, or statements of cash flows. This simple workbook makes accounting simple. Whether you own a business, plan on starting one, or just want to control your own assets, you'll find everything you need to know:How to prepare and use financial statementsHow to control cash flowsHow to manage budgetsHow to use accounting ratiosHow to deal with audits and auditors interpret financial statementsThis guide clarifies and simplifies many of the sometimes difficult to understand accounting concepts through:100+ Real World ProblemsInternet Resources for Each ChapterMultiple Choice,

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Book Synopsis Understanding accounts just got easierThere has never been a time when managers have been more exposed to financial statements than they are today. Even if you are a non-financial manager, you will often be involved in budgeting and regular financial reporting. You are expected to understand the accounts put in front of you and to contribute to the analysis and interpretation of the figures. It is important that you understand the principles of analysing and interpreting accounts. You will then be able to deal with questionsabout the performance of your business and your customers'' businesses. Understanding and Interpreting Accounts In A Week is written for managers who need to answer these questions. By setting aside a little time each day for a week, you will greatly increase your understanding of accounts and how to interpret them.- Sunday: The right approach- Monday: An introduction to accounts- Tuesday: The profit and loss account orTable of Contents : Sunday: The Right Approach : Monday: Introduction to published accounts : Tuesday: Income statement : Wednesday: Statement of Financial Position : Thursday: The remainder of a set of accounts : Friday: Cash and investment ratios : Saturday: In-depth work with public accounts

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Book SynopsisHow can you make your bookkeeping workflow smoother and faster? Simple. With this Missing Manual, you're in control: you get step-by-step instructions on how and when to use specific features, along with basic accounting advice to guide you through the learning process.

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Book SynopsisSuitable for exams from September 2025 until August 2026

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Book SynopsisAmong banking industries and insurance and security sectors, systemic risk and information uncertainty can generate negative consequences. By developing solutions to address such issues, financial regulation initiatives can be optimized. Value Relevance of Accounting Information in Capital Markets is an essential reference source for the latest scholarly research on the importance of information asymmetries and uncertainties and their effects on the overall regulation of financial industries. Featuring extensive coverage on a wide range of perspectives, such as financial reporting standards, investor confidence, and capital flows, this publication is ideally designed for professionals, accountants, and academics seeking current research on the effects of the underlying elements in investing.

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Book SynopsisFinance for non-financial managers - succeed with just four numbers.Finance doesn't have to be complicated. This book shows you how to make better, faster, financially sound business decisions using just four numbers.Effective financial management is at the heart of every successful business but it can seem impenetrable to the non-financial manager; littered with spreadsheets, inexplicable charts and intricate formulae, all washed down with swathes of unintelligible jargon. In reality, successful financial management is all about the management of just these four figures.Knowing what these four figures are, how they relate to each other and most importantly, how they can be managed, is the key to financial success. This is what David Meckin calls 'the 4 figure trick'. Almost every major business failure can be pinned down to the ineffective management of at least one of these critical figures.Focusing on just four figures not only makes the world of financial management more accessible to the non-financial manager, it also greatly simplifies the decision-making process. Full of step-by-step guides, examples and illustrations, The 4 Figure Trick reveals a variety of practical managerial strategies that can significantly enhance the financial performance of any business.Trade ReviewAn excellent guide through the world of finance, full of important information. This book is easy to understand for those of us who need to know financials, without having to be an expert. * Keith Mitchell, Partner - Managed Services, Ernst & Young *Demystifies the world of financial management - an essential business companion. This book sets out a simple yet very effective formula for every business leader to engage with and succeed. Highly recommended, particularly if finance is not your natural strength. * Terry Lees, Head of Leadership Development & Learning Events, British Retail Consortium *The 4 Figure Trick takes the mysticism out of financial management, making finance accessible to everyone. An essential and enjoyable read for everyone in business - from shop floor to the board room. * Jacqueline Shorrocks, Head of Higher Education, Fashion Retail Academy *The perfect book for non-financial managers to really comprehend what matters when assessing a business and to help them make better business decisions. * Sarah Andrews, HR & Retail Director, Harrods *The 4 Figure Trick is deceptively simple to read, but it gives financial and non-financial managers alike an unbeatable insight into how to profitably manage a company - or invest in it. * Keith Anderson, Senior Lecturer in Accounting and Finance, University of York *By focussing on just four numbers, here is a book that really does make the mysterious world of Finance accessible to non-Finance individuals. In my view this is a must read for any non-financial manager, regardless of their role, to help and broaden your view as a business leader. * Damian McGloughlin, CEO, Homebase *An accessible insight into one of the most important knowledge areas for anyone working in any business or organisation. Any manager in business will improve their confidence in measuring financial performance and their potential to make the right impact across everything they do. * Michael Nathan, Associate Director - Emerging Talent Lead, Mace Group *A thoroughly readable and instructive book which de-mystifies finance. The 4 Figure Trick provides its readers with a thorough and simple run through of the main principles of finance and financial analysis which should be a reference for those of us in business without a formal background in finance. I recommend this book for all current and aspirant business leaders as a real aid to boost their financial literacy and gain greater fluency in finance, which remains the language of business. * Dominic Schofield, Managing Partner Board & CEO Practice, Korn Ferry *If you feel the urge to doze off, recoil or even flee at the sight of management accounts then this book is for you. I cannot overemphasize how engaging David is as a writer; he does for finance what Bill Bryson has done for science. Let's be honest finance & fun share nothing except a first letter - that was until I read The 4 Figure Trick. * Sonia Chesaux, Director of Learning & Development, EMEA Ralph Lauren *A perfect read for anyone who wants to understand corporate and business finance in jargon-free language. The book explores key aspects of finance management: measuring success, making sense of trade data, the profit-making process and improving performance. Critically, it brings simplicity to the financial management and performance of a business that inspires managers to make more financially sound decisions. * Amy Prendergast, Director of Change, People and Learning, retailTRUST *

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Book SynopsisFind out how to hold your own with the accountants. The principles of business finance aren't complicated. Every business is driven by just four figures. Knowing what these four figures are, how they relate to each other and (most importantly) how they can be managed, is the key to understanding the finances of any organisation.Quickly learn how to get to grips with the accounts of any business. The 4 Figure Trick will show you how, in under one minute, to ascertain whether any business is a success or not and how, in less than five minutes, to identify all its core strengths and weaknesses. Discover the formula for financial success and the practical steps any business can take to enhance financial performance.Trade ReviewAn excellent guide through the world of finance, full of important information. This book is easy to understand for those of us who need to know financials, without having to be an expert. * Keith Mitchell, Partner - Managed Services, Ernst & Young *Demystifies the world of financial management - an essential business companion. This book sets out a simple yet very effective formula for every business leader to engage with and succeed. Highly recommended, particularly if finance is not your natural strength. * Terry Lees, Head of Leadership Development & Learning Events, British Retail Consortium *The 4 Figure Trick takes the mysticism out of financial management, making finance accessible to everyone. An essential and enjoyable read for everyone in business - from shop floor to the board room. * Jacqueline Shorrocks, Head of Higher Education, Fashion Retail Academy *The perfect book for non-financial managers to really comprehend what matters when assessing a business and to help them make better business decisions. * Sarah Andrews, HR & Retail Director, Harrods *The 4 Figure Trick is deceptively simple to read, but it gives financial and non-financial managers alike an unbeatable insight into how to profitably manage a company - or invest in it. * Keith Anderson, Senior Lecturer in Accounting and Finance, University of York *By focussing on just four numbers, here is a book that really does make the mysterious world of Finance accessible to non-Finance individuals. In my view this is a must read for any non-financial manager, regardless of their role, to help and broaden your view as a business leader. * Damian McGloughlin, CEO, Homebase *An accessible insight into one of the most important knowledge areas for anyone working in any business or organisation. Any manager in business will improve their confidence in measuring financial performance and their potential to make the right impact across everything they do. * Michael Nathan, Associate Director - Emerging Talent Lead, Mace Group *A thoroughly readable and instructive book which de-mystifies finance. The 4 Figure Trick provides its readers with a thorough and simple run through of the main principles of finance and financial analysis which should be a reference for those of us in business without a formal background in finance. I recommend this book for all current and aspirant business leaders as a real aid to boost their financial literacy and gain greater fluency in finance, which remains the language of business. * Dominic Schofield, Managing Partner Board & CEO Practice, Korn Ferry *If you feel the urge to doze off, recoil or even flee at the sight of management accounts then this book is for you. I cannot overemphasize how engaging David is as a writer; he does for finance what Bill Bryson has done for science. Let's be honest finance & fun share nothing except a first letter - that was until I read The 4 Figure Trick. * Sonia Chesaux, Director of Learning & Development, EMEA Ralph Lauren *A perfect read for anyone who wants to understand corporate and business finance in jargon-free language. The book explores key aspects of finance management: measuring success, making sense of trade data, the profit-making process and improving performance. Critically, it brings simplicity to the financial management and performance of a business that inspires managers to make more financially sound decisions. * Amy Prendergast, Director of Change, People and Learning, retailTRUST *

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Book SynopsisVolume 17 first aims to analyse the three most significant dimensions of the current technological development of the economy and society: analytics, intelligence, and ethics. Next, this collection introduces the concept of digital disruption, and puts forward the application of new technologies as a valuable asset in the current business landscape. The authors go on to demonstrate that consumer electronic contracts are better protected than in-person contracts, as the European legislation has created certain mechanisms in order to promote electronic contracting, among which are: the duties of information, the right of withdrawal and online arbitration. One study identifies useful information through data mining in an effort to better understand consumer claims about products and services, mainly complaints about the companies that are evaluated. The penultimate chapter discusses in-memory business intelligence, as well as the modeling of business analysis questions. Lastly, the dynamic processes of the foreign equity price and the foreign exchange rate are depicted by identifying a Markov-modulated multi-currency market model capturing both individual jumps and systematic cojumps.

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Book SynopsisWith over 300,000 copies sold, the new edition of this comprehensive mentoring guide clearly presents all of the essential information needed to learn to trade options. Whereas most options books focus on profit and loss opportunities, this book addresses the issues of hedging market risks in an equity portfolio head on. The author presents the compelling argument that options should not be thought of as risky stand-alone trading vehicles, but offer greater value as a coordinated strategic methodology for managing equity portfolio risks as presented in numerous examples in this book. Divided into four parts, Options reflects a guiding standard of the past nine editions and includes: Crystal clear explanations of the attributes and strategies of calls and puts. A chapter on the short life of an option. This, missing in almost every options book, is a key to understanding options trading. Examples in Part 1 showing different trading strategies on both sides of the trade. The second part of the book is about closing positions; taking profit, exercising, expirations or rolling forward your position, risk analysis, profit calculations, and the impact of volatility. The third part simplifies the complex issues of advanced strategies including the various spreads, combining spreads to successfully hedge other positions and how certain strategies work. Each spread is covered in at least one detailed example. The final part is on evaluating risk. The unquestioned benefits of hedging risk and strategies that are virtually guaranteed to succeed that are generally the domain of the investment giants along with many examples are discussed. The book’s broad coverage makes it an incredibly valuable desk reference to any trader in options. You won’t get explanations like these on the internet. Michael C. Thomsett is a market expert, author, speaker, and coach. His many books include Stock Market Math, Candlestick Charting, The Mathematics of Options, and A Technical Approach to Trend Analysis. Click here to see an interview with the author. https://youtu.be/8bgrgLB3Mx4Table of ContentsPart I: The Basics 1 Chapter 1: Calls and Puts: Defining the Field of Play  3 Equity Investments  3 Debt Investments  4 Investments with No Tangible Value: Options  5 Trading Options on Exchanges  7 Calls and Puts  10 The Call Option  13 The Long-Term Call Option  20 Investment Standards for Call Buyers  21 How Call Selling Works  22 The Put Option  26 Option Valuation  32 Picking the Right Stock  37 Intrinsic Value and Time Value  38 Chapter 2: The Life of an Option  45 Expiration and Exercise  45 What is “Clearing”?  46 Bid and Ask  47 Order Entry  48 Types of Orders  49 Who Are the Players?  49 Chapter 3: Opening and Tracking: How It All Works  51 Terms of the Option (Standardized Terms)  51 Strike Price  51 Expiration Date  52 Type of Option  53 Underlying Stock  54 A Note on the Expiration Cycle  54 Opening and Closing Option Trades  56 Using the Daily Options Listings  56 Understanding Option Abbreviations  59 Calculating the Rate of Return for Sellers  61 Chapter 4: Buying Calls: Maximizing the Rosy View  65 Understanding the Limited Life of the Call  66 Judging the Call  70 Call Buying Strategies  76 Strategy 1: Calls for Leverage  76 Strategy 2: Limiting Risks  80 Strategy 3: Planning Future Purchases  81 Strategy 4: Insuring Profits  82 Strategy 5: Premium Buying  84 Strategy 6: Pure Speculation  85 Defining Profit Zones  87 Chapter 5: Buying Puts: The Positive Side of Pessimism  93 The Limited Life of the Put  95 Judging the Put  101 Put Buying Strategies  106 Strategy 1: Gaining Leverage  107 Strategy 2: Limiting Risks  109 Strategy 3: Hedging a Long Position  110 Strategy 4: Pure Speculation  114 Defining Profit Zones  115 Chapter 6: Selling Calls: Conservative and Profitable  119 Selling Uncovered Calls  121 Assessing Uncovered Call Writing Risks  126 A Question of Suitability  127 Selling Covered Calls  129 Assessing Covered Call Writing Risks  133 Calculating the Rate of Return  134 Chapter 7: Selling Puts: The Overlooked Strategy  139 Analyzing Stock Value  143 Evaluating Risks  145 Put Strategies  146 Strategy 1: Producing Income  147 Strategy 2: Using Idle Cash  149 Strategy 3: Buying Stock  150 Strategy 4: Writing a Covered Put on Short Stock  153 Strategy 5: Creating a Tax Put  153 Part II: Closing the Position  157 Chapter 8: Closing Positions: Profit, Exercise, or Roll  159 Defining Possible Outcomes of Closing Options  159 Results for the Buyer  160 Results for the Seller  160 Exercising the Option  162 Timing the Decision  168 Avoiding Exercise  171 Chapter 9: Paper Trading: A Test Run of the Theory  183 The Case for Paper Trading  185 Sites Worth Checking  187 www.Optionsxpress.com  187 marketwatch.com  188 www.investopedia.com  188 Proceeding with a Paper Trading Plan  188 The Dangers of Paper Trading  189 Chapter 10: Calculating the Return: A Complex Aspect to Options  193 Finding a Realistic Method  193 Annualizing Models and Guidelines  195 An Overview of Basic Calculations for Calls  198 You Close the Position and Calculate Option-Based Net Return  199 You Close the Position and Calculate Net Return Based on the Entire Position  199 The Covered Call is Exercised, and You Calculate Option and Stock Profits Separately  200 Any Covered Call Outcome Is Computed Strictly Based on Capital on Deposit  200 Anticipating the Likely Return  201 Chapter 11: The Basics of Risk: What Every Trader Needs to Know  205 Volatility as the Definition of Risk  205 Historical Volatility  207 Implied Volatility  210 Pricing Models  213 Risk and Human Nature  215 Confirmation Bias  216 Anchoring  216 Herding  217 Framing  217 Selective Memory  218 Loss Aversion  218 Chapter 12: Strategies in Volatile Markets: Uncertainty as an Advantage  221 Avoiding 10 Common Mistakes  222 Modifying Your Risk Tolerance  228 The Nature of Market Volatility  229 Market Volatility Risk  230 Options in the Volatile Environment  235 Part III: Advanced Strategies  241 Chapter 13: Combinations and Spreads: Creative Risk Management  243 Overview of Advanced Strategies  246 The Spread  246 The Hedge  251 The Straddle  252 The Strangle  253 Vertical Spread Strategies  255 Bull Spreads  256 Bear Spreads  258 Box Spreads  262 Debit and Credit Spreads  265 Horizontal and Diagonal Spread Strategies  265 Altering Spread Patterns  270 Varying the Number of Options  271 Expanding the Ratio  274 Strategies with Moneyness Close to Underlying Prices  277 Variations on the Butterfly  280 Multi-Leg Option Orders  281 In Conclusion  282 Chapter 14: Hedges and Straddles: More Creativity  283 The Two Types of Hedges  283 Hedging Beyond Coverage  286 Hedging Option Positions  288 Partial Coverage Strategies  292 Straddle Strategies  295 Middle Loss Zones  295 Middle Profit Zones  298 Theory and Practice of Combined Techniques  301 In Conclusion  302 Chapter 15: Options for Specialized Trading: Leveraging the Technical Approach  303 Swing Trading Basics  305 The Setup Signal  308 Testing the Theory  311 A Strategic View of Option for Swing Trading  313 Selection of Stocks Based on Value  313 A Stock’s Price Volatility  314 Price History (Recent and Potential)  315 The Price-To-Earnings (P/E) Ratio of the Stock  315 Fundamental and Technical Tests of the Company and Stock  316 Options Used for Other Trading Strategies  316 Swing- and Day-Trading Advanced Strategies  317 Taking Partial Profits  318 Partial Exercise  319 Add More Option Contracts in Times of Price Momentum  319 In Conclusion  320 Chapter 16: Options on Futures: Leveraging Your Leverage  321 Important Distinctions  322 Regulatory Differences  326 In Conclusion  328 Chapter 17: Synthetic Positions: Tracking the Stock  331 Synthetic Put (Protected Short Sale)  333 Synthetic Long Call (Insurance Put, or Married Put)  334 Synthetic Long Stock  336 Synthetic Short Stock  338 Split Strike Strategy (Bullish)  340 Split Strike Strategy (Bearish)  342 Collars  343 Synthetic Straddles  350 In Conclusion  353 Part IV: Risk Evaluation  355 Chapter 18: Risk: Rules of the Game  357 Identifying the Range of Risk  357 Margin and Collateral Risk  360 Personal Goal Risks  360 Risk of Unavailable Market  361 Risk of Disruption in Trading  362 Brokerage Risks  363 Trading Cost Risk  363 Lost Opportunity Risks  364 Tax Consequence Risk  365 Evaluating Your Risk Tolerance  366 In Conclusion  367 Chapter 19: Taxes: The Wild Card of Options Trading  369 Tax Rules for Options  369 Qualified Covered Calls—Special Rules  373 Looking to the Future  378 In Conclusion  379 Chapter 20: Choosing Stocks: Finding the Right Ingredients  381 Developing a Covered Call Action Plan  385 Selecting Stocks for Call Writing  387 Benefiting from Price Appreciation  388 Analyzing Stocks  390 Fundamental Tests  394 Technical Tests  398 Deciding Which Tests to Apply  400 Applying Analysis to Options—the “Greeks”  401 Beta  402 Delta  402 The Rest of the Greeks  404 Acting on Good Information  406 Putting Your Rules Down on Paper  407 In Conclusion  408 Glossary  409 Index  409

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Book SynopsisFinancial markets are said to be an important source in providing capital to other sectors in every economy. Their establishment, operation, development, and practices have important implications in the development process of every country. There are also challenges that every country must deal with, such as institutional rigidities in some countries that could curtail financial development and introduce severe challenges. Dealing with the challenges and introducing new practices to smooth out the operation of the financial markets is an important goal. This book focuses on some of the issues related to recent developments in financial markets, their rigidities, and implications for the future of these markets, compiled over nine chapters. Topics discussed include the impact of financial development on income distribution; optimising trading strategies and decision making rules to trade with a special emphasis on reducing investment risk; similarities and differences in retail and institutional use of alternative investments; a new method of analysing information and forecasting foreign exchange and financial markets; improving communication skills in reducing risks in financial markets and retail clients; and, finally, how to stabilise the government bond market.

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Book SynopsisThe President''s Advisory Council on Financial Capability was created January 29, 2010, by Executive Order to advise the President and the Secretary of the Treasury on ways to empower Americans to better understand and address financial matters in order to improve their financial well-being. This book includes a final report discussing the President''s Advisory Council on financial capability; provides a strategic framework for employers; a resource guide on creating financially capable communities; and a guide to increasing financial capability among students, workers and residents in communities.

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Book SynopsisFinancial statement analysis involves an understanding of an entity by applying analytical techniques to its accounting numbers. However, financial statement analyses are going through a transformation similar to the manufacturing age changing to information centered orientation. That is, it is no longer sufficient to understand the tools for analysing financial accounting information. Other types of relevant information that are not directly captured by financial statement information have a profound effect on creditors, investors, reporting bureaus, governmental agencies and regulators. This text differs from other financial statement textbooks in that it not only takes the traditional analysis of financial information, but also management and economic information that is not directly measurable or easily derived from financial accounting reports. Further, this textbook emphasises the measurement and valuation of brand, sustainability, ethical systems and trusts systems. Moreover, this text also differs in that it provides a modeling viewpoint of information analysis linked with decision makers perception and judgments before arriving at a decision. The modeling perspective enhances financial statement analysis by: 1. Including not only financial information, but also management and economic information; 2. Combining the passive tools used in investment and financial analysis (eg: ratio analysis) with individuals framing of the problem (perception) and analysis (judgment) before arriving at a decision; 3. Viewing information analysis through a camera lens reinforced by a basic two stage modeling approach in order to support decisions regarding a particular course of action to implement. Further, this text transforms what other financial statement analysis textbooks emphasise as an input-output and static analysis approach to a more dynamic and process approach. In addition, this textbook divulges from a financial analysis viewpoint to a knowledge creation perspective. This new knowledge creation perspective is intended for upper level undergraduates and graduate students, such as accounting, economic, finance, information systems, marketing, organisational behavior students, and psychology and sociology students. In addition, this book can be beneficial to government, non-profit and business oriented individuals.

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Book SynopsisWe are currently experiencing the second wave of an unprecedented global pandemic-the COVID-19 crisis, which is destroying established industries such as tourism and attributing to the death of millions of people worldwide. The authors believe that the pandemic is analogous to the ancient Roman tragedy of Pompeii when the citadel was buried under four to six meters (13 to 20 feet) of volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. This book is written for business owners, entrepreneurs, leadership, or management teams in public or third sector and professionals who are currently dealing with the COVID-19 epidemic. It offers tools and techniques located in the economics of innovation, other frameworks such as the Fraud Triangle, and the authors extensive experience including rigorous cash management, practical fraud prevention, and detection and advice on implementing and refining corporate governance structures. The book will also be of interest to postgraduate including MBA students and business researchers. The book concludes by summarizing the key theories that can be used to understand the impact of this Pompeii Event and pragmatic solutions to fight COVID-19. The authors argue that organizations rooted in foresight will survive and emerge as future trail blazers. An extensive appendix is also included which outlines the implications for financial reporting.

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Book SynopsisThis book explains how and why corporations use the internet for reporting to their stakeholders. While many such books are limited to financial reporting, this book extends to business reporting, environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting and integrated reporting. A key part of it is the impact of the major drivers entering into modern reporting, including the movement to data driven decision making, impact of big data, advanced analytics, and the use of electronic representations of data with tools such as XBRL. It also explores the various vehicles for using the internet, including social media and blogs as well as corporate websites and the websites of regulators. And it delves into the impact of portable devices, like smart phones and tablets. Corporate reporting on the internet is changing fast because of changes in technology and in stakeholder expectations. For example, stakeholders now expect a lot more from companies than they did a few years ago in disclosing the effects of the company on the environment and the effects of the environment on the company. The book describes the evolution of corporate reporting in recent years, the state of the art now and provides a roadmap for companies to follow in the near future - a roadmap they should be starting on now. So this book is of interest to executives in charge of the reporting function for their companies, to students of accounting and management who aspire to corporate reporting responsibilities and to serious investors and others with a strong interest in corporate reporting and the direction in which it is headed. Most importantly, the book lays out a strong case for integrated reporting, what it means, attempts at integrated reporting so far, and the future of integrated websites. It also shows how reporting on the internet is ideally suited to fostering the growth of integrated reporting.

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Book SynopsisThis book guides the reader from the building blocks of revenue management, to pricing science and merchandising, and to broader issues of setting objectives in support of a revenue strategy.The discipline is evolving, and that evolution has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Leaders in hotel revenue management, and more broadly in sales & marketing, need to understand these changes, and lead and adapt accordingly. This will require a strong foundation in analytics – not just modeling, but also business analytics in support of a holistic strategy.As more of the tactics of revenue management are executed through automation, and powered by machine learning, revenue managers will become more focused on strategy, and will need to think about revenue management in the context of marketing, loyalty, and distribution. As the strategy component of the discipline increases, so too must the breadth of knowledge of revenue managers.

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