Evolution / Evolutionary biology Books

Book SynopsisTrade Review"A lively, highly informative introduction to significant research in ecology that highlights the importance of conserving our natural habitats."--Kirkus "This comprehensive and colorful illustrated study of monarch biology and behavior ... offers another reason to admire the versatile insect: its long and successful symbiotic relationship with the otherwise toxic milkweed plant... Agrawal's book will appeal not only to butterfly enthusiasts but also to the environmentally aware and all readers who appreciate solidly written and accessible popular science."--Booklist "Epic is the only word to describe the annual journey of monarch butterflies... Agrawal's splendid book is no less epic, taking us from heart toxins and sodium pumps to climate change and illegal logging. This is important science about an iconic and sadly declining insect, made readable by enthusiastic, personal prose."--Richard Jones, BBC Wildlife Magazine "[Anurag Agrawal's] book is a minutely detailed exploration of just about everything about [monarchs]: sex lives, dining habits, internal flight guidance and, in particular, their coevolving-but-competitive relationship with milkweed."--Nancy Szokan, Washington Post "Fantastic, readable, scientifically rich, detailed... Monarchs and Milkweed is to date the coolest nature or science book I've seen so far this year."--Greg Laden's BlogTable of ContentsList of Illustrations vii 1 Welcome to the Monarchy 1 2 The Arms Race 22 3 The Chemistry of Medicine and Poison 43 4 Waiting, Mating, and Migrating 63 5 Hatching and Defending 90 6 Saving Up to Raise a Family 119 7 The Milkweed Village 148 8 The Autumn Migration 178 9 Long Live the Monarchy! 210 Acknowledgments 243 Notes 249 Image Credits 271 Index 275

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Book SynopsisCan virtuous behavior be explained by nature, and not by human rational choice? "It's the animal in us," we often hear when we've been bad. But why not when we're good? Primates and Philosophers tackles this question by exploring the biological foundations of one of humanity's most valued traits: morality. In this provocative book, renowned primatoTrade Review"Frans de Waal defends against philosopher critics his view that the roots of morality can be seen in the social behavior of monkeys and apes... [H]e argues that human morality would be impossible without certain emotional buildings blocks that are clearly at work in chimps and monkey societies... Dr. de Waal sees human morality as having grown out of primate sociality, but with two extra levels of sophistication. People enforce their society's moral codes much more rigorously with rewards, punishments and reputation building. They also apply a degree of judgment and reason, for which there are no parallels in animals."--Nicholas Wade, The New York Times "De Waal is one of the world's foremost authorities on nonhuman primates, and his thoughtful contribution to Primates and Philosophers is enriched by decades of close observation of their behavior... He argues that humans are like their closest evolutionary kin in being moral by nature... [A]n impressively well-focused collection of essays."--John Gray, New York Review of Books "Celebrated primatologist Frans de Waal ... demonstrates through his empirical work with primates the evolutionary basis for ethics."--Publishers Weekly "Frans de Waal ... argues that ... morality is actually a gift from animal ancestors and that people are good not by choice but by nature... He argues that ... critics fail to recognize that while animals are not human, humans are animals."--Science News "Dutch-born psychologist, ethologist and primatologist Frans de Waal has spent his career watching the behavior of apes and monkeys, mostly captive troupes in zoos... His work ... has helped lift Darwin's conjectures about the evolution of morality to a new level... [De Waal argues that] sympathy, empathy, right and wrong are feelings that we share with other animals; even the best part of human nature, the part that cares about ethics and justice, is also part of nature."--Jonathan Weiner, Scientific American "Frans de Waal ... show[s] how elements of morality such as empathy, sympathy, community concern and a sense of fairness also exist in our closest primate relatives."--David Sloan Wilson, American Scientist "Exceptionally rich but always lucid... Intellectual soul food for biology-minded ethicists."--Ray Olsen, Booklist "In his new book, Primates and Philosophers, Frans de Waal argues that the origins of human goodness can be seen in apes and monkeys. He claims that we have evolved from a long line of social animals for whom close co-operation is 'not an option but a survival strategy'. Not only are we nice by nature, but our ancestors were too, ever since they came down from the proverbial trees."--Stephen Cave, Financial Times "Frans de Waal, an acclaimed primatologist, has much to say about what he considers the biological origins of morality. Unlike many recent antireligion writers such as Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and Daniel Dennett, who use the latest socio-biological research to campaign against religion, de Waal has no antireligious agenda. This both keeps his writing more focused and helps him avoid many of the argumentative errors of Dawkins and company...De Waal is a keen social observer, but he focuses mostly on what we can learn from what he knows best-the study of primates, including the human variety."--Joe Pettit, Commonweal "[A] remarkably interesting and rich set of reflections about the nature of morality, the social experiences of nonhuman primates, and the continuities and differences between the social experiences of human and nonhuman primates. The book can be read both as discussion on the nature of evolution and as a primer on ethical theory... All in all this is an extremely interesting book on a central human preoccupation-the question of our relationship with Nature-and is a demonstration that the collaboration of sympathetic points of view can produce a wider and wiser whole."--Eric Dayton, The StructuristTable of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Introduction by Josiah Ober and Stephen Macedo ix PART I: Morally Evolved: Primate Social Instincts,Human Morality, and the Rise and Fall of "Veneer Theory" by Frans de Waal 1 Appendix A: Anthropomorphism and Anthropodenial 59 Appendix B: Do Apes Have a Theory of Mind? 69 Appendix C: Animal Rights 75 PART II: Comments: The Uses of Anthropomorphism by Robert Wright 83 Morality and the Distinctiveness of Human Action by Christine M. Korsgaard 98 Ethics and Evolution: How to Get Here from There by Philip Kitcher 120 Morality, Reason, and the Rights of Animals by Peter Singer 140 PART III: Response to Commentators: The Tower of Morality by Frans de Waal 161 References 183 Contributors 197 Index 201

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"One of Choice Reviews' Outstanding Academic Titles of 2018"

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the Suzanne J. Levinson Prize, History of Science Society""Shortlisted for the Pickstone Prize, British Society for the History of Science""A multifaced and original discussion of the curious life of the 'killer ape' theory within American culture."---Marcia Holmes, Times Higher Education"Coupling her study with research shifting from humankind’s inclination for violence to their more destructive treatment of the environment will reveal that those same factors will continue to remain progressive."---G. Donato, Choice Reviews"[A] fascinating and very well-documented account of disputes about human nature. . . . A major work like Creatures of Cain: The Hunt for Human Nature in Cold War America informs and intrigues, it raises questions, and points to avenues of more research. [Erika] Milam is to be congratulated."---Michael Ruse, The Quarterly Review of Biology"Milam’s book . . . is deeply researched as well as lucidly written. . . . Historians will find much to reward them in Creatures of Cain. . . . Historians broadly interested in the social and political landscapes of mid-century U.S. intellectual life will value Milam’s book for its deft interweaving of science, public intellectualism, and American social and political anxieties"---Joy Rohde, American Historical Review"Milam has made a significant and innovative contribution to the historiography of anthropology . . . . A novel perspective on anthropology’s impact and influence."---Robert Hancock, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute"A tour de force, a historical study that offers a well-researched, meticulous examination of how a diverse community of scientists debated the meaning of human nature in the United States after World War II."---Michal Shapira, Isis"Creatures of Cain brings to light the ways in which the circulation of knowledge actually took place."---Marianne Sommer, Journal of the History of Biology"Erika Lorraine Milam’s Creatures of Cain is an exemplary work in the cultural history of modern science. The research is thorough, the material fascinating, the writing lucid and, at times, gripping."---Alex Aylward, Birkhauser (N.T.M)"Creatures of Cain is likely to become a classic in history of science studies. The work is beautifully written and has layers of rich detail, much of which could be mined for gaining insights on contemporary debates."---Roger Chapman, Cercles

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Book SynopsisOriginally published: 1966. With new foreword. [First] Princeton science library edition, with new preface by the author, A1996.Trade Review“A beautifully written and excellently reasoned essay in defense of Darwinian selection as a sufficient theory to explain evolution without the necessity of group selection, population adaptation, or progress.”—R. C. Lewontin, Science“This is an exciting, significant, and important work…. On the whole it will have a very beneficial influence on biology with a rich supply of subjects and targets for some years to come…. This is a carefully constructed, carefully written scholarly work, in the best sense of these words.”—L. B. Slobodkin, Quarterly Review of Biology

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Winner of the AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize for Excellence in Science Books for Young Adults""The irresistible enthusiasm of Great Adaptations couldn’t come at a better time—science is under assault not merely by know-nothing deniers but in how it is taught and presented to the general public. It’s dispensed as a collection of facts, recitations of what past research has uncovered, findings to be understood, which all too often means just 'memorized.' By contrast, as Mr. Catania clearly understands, and demonstrates beautifully in his book, science offers adventures in trying to decode the mysteries of the natural world."---David P. Barash, Wall Street Journal"This engrossing read walks readers through Catania’s life as a scientist. Key discoveries are juxtaposed with lessons about the scientific method, and QR codes sprinkled throughout the book link to short, engrossing movies highlighting some of the author’s fascinating work."---Laura M. Zahn, Science"In page after page, Catania’s enthusiasm and awe for the animals shine through. . . . Some of that enthusiasm will likely rub off on readers and spark a sense of wonder. Great Adaptations packs in plenty of astounding details about some remarkable creatures."---Erin Garcia de Jesus, Science News"[Catania] is as keen that we learn about the process of discovery as about animals themselves. . . . The realms he studies may be on the small scale, but the implications are enormous."---Bill Thompson, The Post and Courier"Casual science readers will be hooked from page one; for those contemplating careers in the sciences, this should be required reading." * Library Journal, starred review *"By blending accessible writing with cutting-edge science, Catania . . . demonstrates how exciting the process of scientific investigation can be in his invigorating debut. . . . The joy Catania takes in the process of exploring the natural world will delight readers." * Publishers Weekly, starred review *"With its combination of clearly explained science and vivid tales from the road, this is a book for anyone who is interested in the natural world and the interesting people who study it."---Linda Lombardi, Shelf Awareness, starred review"Using a variety of visual aids to good effect, Catania explores how the humblest species may have developed their remarkable abilities. . . . It’s clear that being a scientist has only magnified the author’s sense of wonder, and he notes how chance, failure, an open mind, and tirelessly methodical experimentation are as much natural parts of science as breakthroughs. . . . His delight is contagious." * Kirkus Reviews *"This book is a delightful series of ‘aha!’ moments. After doing impressive biological detective work, Kenneth Catania theorizes why some of the most fascinating animal qualities wound up evolving into existence. Tons of fun."---Olivia Rutigliano, LitHub"From mapping the sensory cortex of the star-nosed mole’s brain to tactile receptors in its fleshy tentacles, to illustrating the unique behavioral capabilities of the electric eel, tentacled snake, water shrew, and jewel wasp, each species description reveals a compelling story of evolutionary adaptations in anatomy, physiology, and/or behavior. Catania aptly conveys his wonderment at finding out how an organism interacts with its environment, a project that became his life's work."---J. Burger, Choice"Explaining the needed scientific background at the right level for all likely readers is a particularly hard task, and here Catania does better than some of my favorite scientists and science writers. By focusing on what he, as an experienced instructor of undergraduates, assumes will confuse novice readers, the author covers the necessary background with just enough detail and without being pedantic."---Philip K. Stoddard, Quarterly Review of Biology

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The volume can be a provocative focus for a graduate reading group. ... Best of all, the essays show all of us that there is an enormous amount of good ecology to be done."---Joseph Travis, The Quarterly Review of Biology

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book gives comprehensive coverage, including classical (selection, adaptation, divergence), basic (gene flow, plasticity, ecosystem functions), and some recent (genomics) issues that are richly illustrated by simple, clear tables, and figures." * Conservation Biology *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book will surely fuel further conceptual unification by inspiring future generations of scientists."---Mark E. Laidre, The Quarterly Review of Biology"The book abounds with new ideas and is a must read for anyone starting out on a career in field entomology."---John Badmin, British Journal of Entomology and Natural History

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"A very well-constructed reference book."---April Marie Wright, Trends in Ecology & Evolution"A very good and thorough overview of methods and applications to infer evolutionary relationship between recently diverged taxa." * Conservation Biology *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Aktipis takes an evolutionary approach to cancer, tracing the ways cells ‘cheat’ natural selection and showing how the human body evolved to outsmart many of those threats. She invites readers to put themselves in the role of a cancer cell and learn about the ways in which the disease and the history of human existence are intertangled."---Erin Blakemore, Washington Post"Darwinian approach to evolution of cancer and cancer-resistance. Brilliant book, up there with Nesse & Williams."---Richard Dawkins on Twitter"The Cheating Cell reads like a deep and personal hypothesis coming from a researcher who has spent over a decade studying the evolutionary foundations of cancer."---David C. S. Filice, Evolution"The Cheating Cell makes for fascinating reading and forces a radical reconsideration of what cancer is and how we should deal with it."---Leon Vlieger, The Inquisitive Biologist

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The name Annalisa Berta is synonymous with expertise in, and deep knowledge of, sea mammals and their role in our oceans. . . . In this book [Berta] projects facts, informed science and connects cetaceans and other sea mammals to the entire oceanic ecosystem in which they exist, yet she wears her heart on her sleeve too."---David Gascoigne, Travels with Birds"I came away from reading this book with a better understanding of marine events and a deeper feeling that it would be good to know even more."---Mark Avery, Mark Avery blog"An enjoyable and informative read."---Steve Weinman, Divernet"There is plenty to enjoy in this delightful book. Plenty to learn too. As the cold dark nights draw in, I can see myself delving into this book time and time again. This is a perfect gift for anyone that loves the ocean and its inhabitants."---Caroline Robertson-Brown, Scubaverse"This is a great book to own to augment your more typical field guides as it goes way beyond."---Geoff Carpentier, North Durham Nature Newsletter

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Book SynopsisFollowing centuries of debate about "nature and nurture" the discovery of DNA established the idea that nature (genes) determines who we are, relegating nurture (environment) to icing on the cake.Trade Review“We know that nature and nurture are entwined, but we often overlook the fact that neither science nor the humanities alone can resolve the nature/nurture debate. This accessible and clever book introduces the reader to recent discoveries in epigenetics and shows how the new horizons and hopes opened up by this field entail new responsibilities and new types of vigilance.”Eva Jablonka, Tel Aviv University“A cool appraisal of a turbulent field, this fine book exposes an unfolding saga of interdisciplinary dimensions. A radical shift is emerging in the conceptualization of the human body and its environment: the authors’ state-of-the-art climax is a message for everyone.”Marilyn Strathern, Girton College, Cambridge “Lock and Palsson reaffirm their critique of the dualistic thinking that has prevailed in the past two hundred years. The reader is left with the firm understanding that the biochemical promise of gene therapy is empty if it is not undertaken in tandem with measures to improve the nurturing role of the social and physical environment. […] It offers an all too brief but wonderful historical and contemporary overview of the nature/nurture debate from both perspectives and touches on some other interesting topics in the history of science.”Anthropological Forum “Beautifully written and elegantly argued, Margaret Lock and Gísli Pálsson’s reconstruction of the nature/nurture debate is a bright, very accessible introduction to a much-discussed topic.”Journal of the Royal Anthropological InstituteTable of ContentsPreamble: Beyond the Molecular Vision of Life 1. Moveable Concepts: Nature and Nurture 2. Promotion and Demotion of the Gene 3. Reinstating Nurture: From Opposition to Commingling 4. Accruing Biosocial Momentum 5. Biopolitics for the Future

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Book SynopsisFollowing centuries of debate about nature and nurture the discovery of DNA established the idea that nature (genes) determines who we are, relegating nurture (environment) to icing on the cake. Since the 1950s, the new science of epigenetics has demonstrated how cellular environments and certain experiences and behaviors influence gene expression at the molecular level, with significant implications for health and wellbeing. To the amazement of scientists, mapping the human genome indirectly supported these insights. Anthropologists Margaret Lock and Gisli Palsson outline vituperative arguments from Classical times about the relationship between nature and nurture, furthered today by epigenetic findings and the demonstration of a reactive genome. The nature/nurture debate, they show, can never be put to rest, because these concepts are in constant flux in response to the new insights science continually offers.Trade Review“We know that nature and nurture are entwined, but we often overlook the fact that neither science nor the humanities alone can resolve the nature/nurture debate. This accessible and clever book introduces the reader to recent discoveries in epigenetics and shows how the new horizons and hopes opened up by this field entail new responsibilities and new types of vigilance.”Eva Jablonka, Tel Aviv University“A cool appraisal of a turbulent field, this fine book exposes an unfolding saga of interdisciplinary dimensions. A radical shift is emerging in the conceptualization of the human body and its environment: the authors’ state-of-the-art climax is a message for everyone.”Marilyn Strathern, Girton College, Cambridge “Lock and Palsson reaffirm their critique of the dualistic thinking that has prevailed in the past two hundred years. The reader is left with the firm understanding that the biochemical promise of gene therapy is empty if it is not undertaken in tandem with measures to improve the nurturing role of the social and physical environment. […] It offers an all too brief but wonderful historical and contemporary overview of the nature/nurture debate from both perspectives and touches on some other interesting topics in the history of science.”Anthropological Forum “Beautifully written and elegantly argued, Margaret Lock and Gísli Pálsson’s reconstruction of the nature/nurture debate is a bright, very accessible introduction to a much-discussed topic.”Journal of the Royal Anthropological InstituteTable of ContentsPreamble: Beyond the Molecular Vision of Life 1. Moveable Concepts: Nature and Nurture 2. Promotion and Demotion of the Gene 3. Reinstating Nurture: From Opposition to Commingling 4. Accruing Biosocial Momentum 5. Biopolitics for the Future

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Book SynopsisLife scientists are increasingly drawn to the study of comparative evolutionary biology. Insect Development and Evolution is the first synthesis of knowledge of insect development within an evolutionary framework and the first to survey the genetic...Trade ReviewA fine reference that focuses on recent discoveries regarding Drosophila and Manduca development. Written for students and scientists working in the field of insect structure, evolution, paleontology, pathology, function, behavior, and systematics, as well as those investigating other organisms. This study can be used as a one or two semester course in insect development. Causal analysis is thoroughly covered in the text, which could lead to an experimental component for students and researchers. * Northeastern Naturalist *This book provides a wealth of information on insect development with chapters on empryogenesis, evolution of larval forms, wing formation and pattern differentiation in butterflies, polymorphism in eusocial insects.... The final chapter is devoted to ontogeny and hexapod evolution and provides an excellent summary account of the evolution of the various orders of insects that we know today. This is a worthy successor to The Biology of Drosophila, my treasured bible for many years. -- John Badmin * British Journal of Entomology and Natural History *We wholeheartedly congratulate Bruce Heming for this excellent book, by far the best comprehensive survey of insect development biology available to date. -- Alessandro Minelli * Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research *Heming (Univ. of Alberta) has prepared an exceptional book using a comparative phylogenetic approach that synthesizes classical works of ontogney and development with modern molecular studies using Drosophila and Manduca as models.... For research scientists in entomology and developmental biology it will also serve as an excellent reference, the utility of which is enhanced by an extensive reference list and index. Highly recommended. * Choice *Through their application to model organisms, development genetics and molecular biology have fueled an explosive growth in our understanding of insect ontogeny. Heming draws on these recent findings and a synthesis of earlier descriptive, comparative, and experimental studies to produce a detailed introduction to insect development within an evolutionary framework. * Science *

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Book SynopsisHaber, and Jane Oppenheimer.

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Book SynopsisTimely and cogent in its aims and arguments, it should prompt debate and discussion leading to fresh critical and historiographical insights concerning all those topics that historians of science, of society, and of culture associate with 'Darwinism' and 'evolutionism.'British Journal of the History of ScienceTrade ReviewTimely and cogent in its aims and arguments, it should prompt debate and discussion leading to fresh critical and historiographical insights concerning all those topics that historians of science, of society, and of culture associate with 'Darwinism' and 'evolutionism.'. British Journal of the History of ScienceTable of ContentsList of FiguresPrefaceChapter 1. The Myth of the Darwinan RevolutionChapter 2. Darwin's OriginalityChapter 3. The Impact of the OriginChapter 4. Evolutionism TriumphantChapter 5. From Darwin to Modern DarwinismChapter 6. Human EvolutionChapter 7. Social DarwinismChapter 8. A Cultural Revolution?Chapter 9. Toward a New Historiography of EvolutionismRefencesIndex

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Book SynopsisEngagingly written and deftly argued, God-or Gorilla offers original insights into the role of images in communicating-and miscommunicating-scientific ideas to the lay public.Trade ReviewThis highly readable book is valuable as it stands. It is also timely. -- Nick Hopwood Nature 2009 Engagingly written, well illustrated, and refreshingly free of the theory-driven jargon that often diverts attention from the task at hand, God-or Gorilla is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the Scopes trial, the continuing controversy over the teaching of evolution, and the role of expertise in American society. -- George E. Webb Journal of American History 2009 A shining example of interdisciplinary American Studies at its very best. Choice 2009 Clark's investigation of the images of evolution in the 1920s is a wonderful window into the place of science in the United States and how the cultural concerns of an era can shape scientific activity. -- Charles A. Israel American Historical Review 2009 Perceptive and enjoyable book. -- Warren D. Allmon American Paleontologist 2009 Significant contribution[s] to this broad interdisciplinary area, illuminating the ways in which ideas about organic evolution were contested, and charting the processes by which eugenics acquired an established place in American political and social life. -- Robin Vandome Journal of American Studies 2011Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgments1. The Caveman and the Strenuous Life2. The Museum in the Modern Babylon3. Nineteen Twenty-two or Thereabouts4. Saving the Phenomena5. Unlikely Infidels6. Stooping to Conquer, and a Hall Full of Elephants7. The Pictures in Our Heads8. Scientists and the Monkey Trial9. Redeeming the Caveman, and the Irreverent Funny PagesConclusionNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisBuild the foundation you need to understand the science of genetics and its role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders. Confidently tackle the basics of genetic inheritance, the influence of somatic and germline mutations, the multifactorial relationship of gene-environment interactions, and the foundation of ethical behaviour.Table of Contents I. Basic Concepts from Molecular Genetics 1. DNA Structure and Function 2. Protein Synthesis 3. Genetic Influences on Cell Division, Cell Differentiation, and Gametogenesis II. Gene Expression 4. Patterns of Inheritance 5. Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression (NEW) 6. Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders (NEW) 7. Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders 8. Family History and Pedigree Construction 9. Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment III. Genomic Health Problems Across the Life Span 10. Enzyme and Collagen Disorders 11. Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders 12. Common Adult-Onset Genetic Disorders IV. Genomic Influences on Selected Common Health Problems 13. Cardiovascular Disorders 14. The Genetics of Cancer 15. Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders V. Genomics and Disease Management 16. Genetic and Genomic Testing 17. Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response 18. Health Professionals and Genomic Care VI. Global Genomic Issues 19. Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations 20. Genetic and Genomic Variation Appendices A. Genetic Organizations and Support Groups B. Selected Educational Websites Glossary

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Book SynopsisThis work explains how science proceeds, what evolution is, how science knows that it has occurred and continues to occur, and what biologists can point to, in fossils and in the living world, as hard evidence of evolution.Trade Review'Berra's brilliant exposition offers a refreshing, lucid, and insightful view of one of the most important ideas in the history of science. After readingthis superb book, anyone with prior qualms about the scientific validity of evolution should be convinced that evolution is the explanation for the diversity of life on the planet. This is not an anti-religion book, but a very successful attempt to assist us all in understanding the scientific basis for evolution.' Donald C. Johanson, Institute of Human OriginsTable of Contents1. What is evolution?; 2. Geologic time and the fossil record; 3. The explanatory power of evolution; 4. The evolution of life and the rise of humans; 5. Science, religion, politics, law, and education; Appendices; Glossary; Further reading; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume facilitates an understanding of the evolution of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution over the six versions of The Origin of Species published during his lifetime.Trade Review"Darwin produced six editions [of The Origin of Species] during his lifetime and, as Peckham demonstrated nearly fifty years ago, he tinkered constantly with the text, adding and amending, revising and rethinking and, above all, responding to criticism." * Times Literary Supplement *

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Book SynopsisDean Falk re-examines her theories about the evolution of the human brain, in this revised edition of 'Braindance'. She argues that the human brain expanded suddenly about two million years ago, a development she connects to the human colonisation of hot savannah lands.

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Book SynopsisDistinguishing between evolutionary theory properly speaking and the materialist attitude that is often conflated with it, Matthew Ramage's work meets the challenge of evolutionary science to Catholic teaching on human origins, guided by Joseph Ratzinger's conviction that faith and evolutionary theory mutually enrich one another.

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Book SynopsisThis volume explores various aspects of behaviour that are endemic to contemporary Western society, and proposes ways of understanding and addressing them. Many of our behaviours are played out in an arena that is far different from that in which they evolved.

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Book SynopsisIn this groundbreaking book, Joseph Graves traces the development of biological thought about human genetic diversity. Greek philosophy, social Darwinism, New World colonialism, the eugenics movement, intelligence testing biases, and racial health fallacies are just a few of the topics he addresses. Graves argues that racism has persisted in our society because adequate scientific reasoning has not entered into the equation. He champions the scientific method and explains how we may properly ask scientific questions about the nature of population differentiation and how (if at all) we may correlate that diversity to observed human behavior. He also cautions us to think critically about scientific findings that have historically been misused in controversies over racial differences in intelligence heritability, criminal behavior, disease predisposition, and other traits. According to Graves, this country cannot truly address its racial problems untilTrade ReviewThe author's main purpose is to show that the concept of race is a social construct that has no scientific basis. This is apparently now generally understood by the scientific community, but has not yet properly penetrated the understanding of the general public. This is the fundamental moral challenge that Graves put to the U.S. as its prime task in the millennium. His book is clear, readable, and ideal for first-year students. * Quarterly Review of Biology *Intellectually delightful, and at times deeply moving, this book's fundamental thesis is of outstanding importance. The biological non-existence of race is one of the most liberating messages that the American public will hear in a long time. It should be read by anybody who is a registered voter in the United States. -- Michael R. Rose * author of Darwin's Spectre: Evolutionary Biology in the Modern World *Evolutionary biologist Joseph Graves Jr. sets out to show that scientific, not political, correctness underlies the critique of the race concept, and argues that æthere is no biological basis for separation of human beings into race.' . . . The Emperor's New Clothes is a valuable study, and critique, of the concept of race. It is a pity that such books remain necessary. * Times Literary Supplement *What is the basis for separation of humans into races? Is it biological (i.e., genetic), or is it physical (i.e., phenotypic) and sociological? Depending on the answers, can racism be supported biologically? Graves has posed answers to these questions that could revise the ways in which humans interact with one another. With scientific training in genetics and the molecular biology of evolution, Graves has the background to speak meaningfuly to these questions. . . . For anyone interested in human interaction. All levels. * Choice *A concise history of the origin and evolution of the idea of race, the development of the science of classification and ranking of human types/races, and the persistence of racial ideology and science. Graves concludes that race is a social construct that was given power by science. When the myth of biological races is smashed, biological differences cease to be an excuse for inequality, and racism is exposed. * Journal of the American Medical Association *A book declaring that biological races do not exist and that the concept of race æwas socially constructed, arising from the colonization of the New World and the importation of slaves, mainly from western Africa' merits a salute right off the bat. . . . Joseph L. Graves Jr., is a laboratory geneticist, and he has made his case based on solid science, not on feel-good social motivations. . . . Graves is a laboratory scientist. His grasp of science and use of up-to-date sources put his presentation on a rock-solid basis. . . . The Emperor's New Clothes is a fine start for thinking about race at the dawn of the new millennium. * American Scientist *Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements Introduction Part 1 The Origin of the Race Concept Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Part 2 Darwin and the Survival of Scientific Racism Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Part 3 Applications and Misapplications of Darwinism Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Part 4 Biological Theories of Race at Millennium Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Conclusion Appendices Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisEarly humans did not drift north from Africa as their ability to cope with cooler climates evolved. Settlement of Europe and northern Asia occurred in relatively rapid bursts of expansion. This study tells the complex story, spanning almost two million years, of how humans inhabited some of the coldest places on earth.Table of ContentsVikings in the Arctic Out of Africa The first Europeans Cold weather people Modern humans in the north Into the Arctic Peoples of the circumpolar zone

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Book SynopsisFocusing on how science works and how pseudoscience works, this work demonstrates the futility of 'scientific' creationism. It debunks the notion of intelligent design and other arguments that show evolution could not have produced life in its present form. It concludes with a frank discussion of science and religion.Trade Review"In this superb overview, Young and Strode tackle the most vexing issues in the public's understanding of biological evolution and earth history. With clear, readable text, Young and Strode detail requisite concepts while providing a conversational response to creationists' objections to evolution, which are frequently based on profound misunderstandings of how science works. Young and Strode provide a thorough explanation of the concept of biological fitness, showing that evolution, hardly random, is a process of interaction between organisms and the environment. They also take a good look at creationism, using the publications of prominent believers to show that it's a movement divided against itself. Much of this work developed from Strode's teaching experience, and it may be the best book yet written for teaching citizens what science really does, and what religion really is in relation." * Publishers Weekly (starred review) *"This work carefully explains the difference between science and pseudoscience, and how the so-called alternative theories fail to be scientific. Young and Strode additionally argue about the compatibility of science and religion. This work attempts to make an argument to those who have not accepted the facts of evolution and to those who may not possess a more general understanding of the science. Highly recommended." * Choice *"This book provides compelling examples of how science works. With any luck, it will entice its readers to delve further into these impossible, yet compelling and empirically-based, ideas, and help them to recognize what distinguishes the 'impossible' ideas of science from the impossible ideas of religion and other ideologies." * Reports of the National Center for Science Education *"Of similar books I have seen on this subject, this one is the best. Its discussions of evolution and refutation of creationism are clear, concise, and powerful. Matt Young and Paul Strode offer a unique, introductory-level book for students, scientists, or anyone who is open to thinking about the topic." -- Alan D. Gishlick * Gustavus Adolphus College *"Strictly following facts and applying impeccable logic, Young and Strode lead the reader, step by step, through a variety of topics, from evolution theory to cosmology and from psychology to medicine, convincingly demonstrating the power of genuine science versus the fallacies of pseudo-science. An excellent addition to every school library." -- Mark Perakh * author of Unintelligent Design *"A passionate argument for the importance of evolution both in nature and in the classroom." * Daily Kos *"This is not just another book on the evolution-creation controversy. This is actually a book on the Nature of Science, which aims to explain what counts as science and what does not. It is a valuable resource and deserves to be widely read." * Science and Education *"In this superb overview, Young and Strode tackle the most vexing issues in the public's understanding of biological evolution and earth history. With clear, readable text, Young and Strode detail requisite concepts while providing a conversational response to creationists' objections to evolution, which are frequently based on profound misunderstandings of how science works. Young and Strode provide a thorough explanation of the concept of biological fitness, showing that evolution, hardly random, is a process of interaction between organisms and the environment. They also take a good look at creationism, using the publications of prominent believers to show that it's a movement divided against itself. Much of this work developed from Strode's teaching experience, and it may be the best book yet written for teaching citizens what science really does, and what religion really is in relation." * Publishers Weekly (starred review) *"This work carefully explains the difference between science and pseudoscience, and how the so-called alternative theories fail to be scientific. Young and Strode additionally argue about the compatibility of science and religion. This work attempts to make an argument to those who have not accepted the facts of evolution and to those who may not possess a more general understanding of the science. Highly recommended." * Choice *"This book provides compelling examples of how science works. With any luck, it will entice its readers to delve further into these impossible, yet compelling and empirically-based, ideas, and help them to recognize what distinguishes the 'impossible' ideas of science from the impossible ideas of religion and other ideologies." * Reports of the National Center for Science Education *"Of similar books I have seen on this subject, this one is the best. Its discussions of evolution and refutation of creationism are clear, concise, and powerful. Matt Young and Paul Strode offer a unique, introductory-level book for students, scientists, or anyone who is open to thinking about the topic." -- Alan D. Gishlick * Gustavus Adolphus College *"Strictly following facts and applying impeccable logic, Young and Strode lead the reader, step by step, through a variety of topics, from evolution theory to cosmology and from psychology to medicine, convincingly demonstrating the power of genuine science versus the fallacies of pseudo-science. An excellent addition to every school library." -- Mark Perakh * author of Unintelligent Design *"A passionate argument for the importance of evolution both in nature and in the classroom." * Daily Kos *"This is not just another book on the evolution-creation controversy. This is actually a book on the Nature of Science, which aims to explain what counts as science and what does not. It is a valuable resource and deserves to be widely read." * Science and Education *Table of ContentsList of Figures List of Tables List of Boxes Foreword Preface AcknowledgmentsPart I. Introduction The Structure of This Book History of Creationism and Evolutionary Science in the United StatesPart II. How Science Works How Pseudoscience Works Why Creationism Fails The Argument from Design Why Intelligent-Design Creationism FailsPart III. The Father of Evolution How Evolution Works Recapitulation Evo Devo: How Evolution Constantly Remodels Phylogenetics Design by Committee: The Twists, Turns, and Flips of Human AnatomyPart IV. How We Know the Age of the Earth Is the Universe Fine-Tuned for Life?Part V. Evolution and Ethics Why Science and Religion Are Compatible Summary and Conclusion Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisProminent feminist theorist rethinks the relationship between evolution and the biological body through the study of three key figures--Darwin, Nietzsche, and Bergson.Trade Review“Elizabeth Grosz traces a timely path through the work of three major thinkers. Darwin, Nietzsche, and Bergson, each in his own way, force a rethinking of duration and transformation at the interchange between nature and culture. The Nick of Time suggestively connects their trajectories, drawing them together into a contemporary dialogue on the politics and philosophy of change.”—Brian Massumi, author of Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation“Elizabeth Grosz’s The Nick of Time: Politics, Evolution and the Untimely is a major work. It achieves a richly nuanced and sweeping reconsideration of temporality in the context of contemporary feminist theory, critical theory, and theories of evolution. The considerations of Darwin, Nietzsche, Bergson, Deleuze, and Irigaray are especially impressive. The Nick of Time is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding how memory, historicity, and politics connect to and are reconfigured by temporality.”—N. Katherine Hayles, author of How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics“Superbly written, deftly executed, and wonderfully instructive, The Nick of Time is a first-class piece of writing and thinking. It is unique in that it is interested in ‘philosophy of life’ issues not only for their own sake but also because of Elizabeth Grosz’s wider theoretical and practical commitments, such as feminism and a radical cultural politics.”—Keith Ansell Pearson, author of Germinal Life: The Difference and Repetition of DeleuzeTable of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Abbreviations ix Introduction: To the Untimely 1 Part I. Darwin and Evolution 1. Darwinian Matters: Life, Force, and Change 17 2. Biological Difference 40 3. The Evolution of Sex and Race 64 Part II. Nietzsche and Overcoming 4. Nietzsche's Darwin 95 5. History and the Untimely 113 6. The Eternal Return and the Overman 135 Part III: Bergson and Becoming 7. Bergsonian Difference 155 8. The Philosophy of Life 185 9. Intuition and the Virtual 215 Conclusion: The Future 244 Notes 263 References 297 Index 309

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Book SynopsisElizabeth Grosz addresses three related concepts—life, politics, and art—by exploring the implications of Charles Darwins account of the evolution of species.Trade Review“Becoming Undone allows us to hear with new ears the words of Bergson, Irigaray, Uexküll, Deleuze and Guattari, and especially Darwin. The result is a surprising and exciting feminism in conversation with biophilosophy and art practice. Elizabeth Grosz offers a rich, provocative, not-quite-materialist philosophy of life, matter, and the creative cosmos.”—Jane Bennett, author of Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things“With a passionate call for philosophy and feminism to embrace the transformative power of life as difference, Becoming Undone describes with elegant arguments the unexpected legacy of Darwin in the ontology of Bergson, Deleuze, and Irigaray, as well as their promise for an as yet unforeseeable future.”—Paola Marrati, author of Gilles Deleuze: Cinema and Philosophy"[A] provocative, thoroughly researched, and beautifully written exploration of the question of difference in its material, political, and aestheticdimensions. . . . Becoming Undone is a fascinating project, not only because of its invaluable contribution to the discourses of posthumanism and material feminism, but also due to its convincing interpretation of Darwinian theory as an intricate philosophical worldview." -- Vera Coleman * Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature *“Grosz’s book is well written and easily accessible even for someone who does not know a great deal about the theorists with whom she engages.” -- Lasse Thomassen * Perspectives on Politics *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Introduction Part 1. Life: Human and Inhuman Becomings 1. The Inhuman in the Humanities: Darwin and the Ends of Man 2. Deleuze, Bergson, and the Concept of Life 3. Bergson, Deleuze, and Difference Part 2. Disturbing Differences: A New Kind of Feminism 4. Feminism, Materialism, and Freedom 5. The Future of Feminist Theory: Dreams for New Knowledges 6. Differences Disturbing Identity: Deleuze and Feminism 7. Irigaray and the Ontology of Sexual Difference Part 3. Animals, Sex, and Art 8. Darwin and the Split between Natural and Sexual Selection 9. Sexual Differences as Sexual Selection: Irigarayan Reflections on Darwin 10. Art and the Animal 11. Living Art and the Art of Life: Women's Painting from the Western Desert Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisElizabeth Grosz addresses three related concepts—life, politics, and art—by exploring the implications of Charles Darwins account of the evolution of species.Trade Review“Becoming Undone allows us to hear with new ears the words of Bergson, Irigaray, Uexküll, Deleuze and Guattari, and especially Darwin. The result is a surprising and exciting feminism in conversation with biophilosophy and art practice. Elizabeth Grosz offers a rich, provocative, not-quite-materialist philosophy of life, matter, and the creative cosmos.”—Jane Bennett, author of Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things“With a passionate call for philosophy and feminism to embrace the transformative power of life as difference, Becoming Undone describes with elegant arguments the unexpected legacy of Darwin in the ontology of Bergson, Deleuze, and Irigaray, as well as their promise for an as yet unforeseeable future.”—Paola Marrati, author of Gilles Deleuze: Cinema and Philosophy"[A] provocative, thoroughly researched, and beautifully written exploration of the question of difference in its material, political, and aestheticdimensions. . . . Becoming Undone is a fascinating project, not only because of its invaluable contribution to the discourses of posthumanism and material feminism, but also due to its convincing interpretation of Darwinian theory as an intricate philosophical worldview." -- Vera Coleman * Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature *“Grosz’s book is well written and easily accessible even for someone who does not know a great deal about the theorists with whom she engages.” -- Lasse Thomassen * Perspectives on Politics *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Introduction Part 1. Life: Human and Inhuman Becomings 1. The Inhuman in the Humanities: Darwin and the Ends of Man 2. Deleuze, Bergson, and the Concept of Life 3. Bergson, Deleuze, and Difference Part 2. Disturbing Differences: A New Kind of Feminism 4. Feminism, Materialism, and Freedom 5. The Future of Feminist Theory: Dreams for New Knowledges 6. Differences Disturbing Identity: Deleuze and Feminism 7. Irigaray and the Ontology of Sexual Difference Part 3. Animals, Sex, and Art 8. Darwin and the Split between Natural and Sexual Selection 9. Sexual Differences as Sexual Selection: Irigarayan Reflections on Darwin 10. Art and the Animal 11. Living Art and the Art of Life: Women's Painting from the Western Desert Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisJohn Culliney and David Jones uncover intersections between science and philosophy. Connecting evidence from evolutionary science with early insights of Daoist and Buddhist thinkers, they maintain that sagely behaviour, envisioned in these ancient traditions, represents a pinnacle of human achievement emerging out of our evolutionary heritage.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains edited and revised papers from a conference on 'Science and Technology for Managing Plant Genetic Diversity in the 21st Century' held in Malaysia in June 2000, organised by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). It includes keynote papers and some 40 additional ones, covering ten themes.The major scientific challenges to developing a global vision for the next century are identified and key research objectives are also discussed.Table of Contents1: The applications of genomic sciences for a better understanding of genepools 2: Technologies and strategies for ex situ conservation 3: The deployment and management of genetic diversity in agroecosystems 4: The role of bioinformatics in conservation and use 5: In situ conservation of wild species 6: Indicators for sustainable management of genetic resources 7: Germplasm enhancement and pre-breeding 8: Exploring underused species - diverse options 9: Implications of gene transformation techniques for ex situ conservation choices 10: GIS applications for genetic resources management 11: The economics of managing genetic resources and the role of private and public sectors

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Book SynopsisThis book has been developed from the keynote addresses delivered at the third IOBC International Symposium (co-organized with CILBA) that was held in Montpellier in October 2002, to address recent developments in genetics and evolutionary biology as applied to biological control. Chapters are organized around the following themes: Genetic structure of pest and natural enemy populations Molecular diagnostic tools in biological control Tracing the origin of pests and natural enemies Predicting evolutionary change in pests and natural enemies Compatibility of transgenic crops and natural enemies Genetic manipulation of natural enemies. The authors identify new issues for each of the major approaches in applied biological control. These include the (1) use of molecular genetics to trace the origin of target pests in classical biological control, (2) potential of mass-reared, transgenic agents in augmentative biological control, and (3) compatibility of transgenic crops and natural eneTable of Contents1: Genetic structure of natural plant and pathogen populations, J J Burdon and P H Thrall, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia 2: Measuring genetic variation in natural enemies used for biological control: why and how? E Wajnberg, INRA, France 3: Molecular systematics, Chalcidoidea and biological control, J Heraty, University of California, USA 4: Genetic markers in rust fungi and their application to weed biocontrol, K J Evans, Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, Australia and D R Gomez, University of Adelaide, Australia 5: Tracing the origin of pests and natural enemies: genetic and statistical approaches, G K Roderick, University of California, USA 6: Tracing the origin of cryptic insect pests and vectors, and their natural enemies, J K Brown, University of Arizona, USA 7: Predicting evolutionary change in invasive, exotic plants and its consequences for plant-herbivore interactions, H Müller-Schärer and T Steinger, Université de Fribourg, Swizterland 8: Experimental evolution in host-parasitoid interactions, A R Kraaijeveld, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, UK 9: Interactions between natural enemies and transgenic insecticidal crops, J J Obrycki, Iowa State University, USA, J R Ruberson, University of Georgia, USA and J E Losey, Cornell University, USA 10: The GMO guidelines project: development of international scientific environmental biosafety testing guidelines for transgenic plants, A Hilbeck, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, (ETH), Switzerland and Steering Comittee of the GMO Guildlines Project 11: Genetic manipulation of natural enemies: can we improve biological control by manipulating the parasitoid and/or the plant? G M Poppy, University of Southampton, UK and W Powell, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK 12: Sex-ratio distorters and other selfish genetic elements: implications for biological control, R Stouthamer, University of California, USA

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Book SynopsisTrade Review‘This is Alexandra Maryanski’s and Jonathan H. Turner’s best effort yet in their long quest to try to help save biophobic sociologists from themselves. Darwin predicted that evolutionary thinking would “throw much light” on humanity’s origin and history. Turner and Maryanski show exactly where, and how, to throw that light.’ -- Richard S. Machalek, University of Wyoming, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface ix 1 On the origins of evolutionary analysis in biology and sociology 2 Going back in time: the power of cladistic analysis 3 Comparative neuro-anatomy: evolution of the brain from hominin to human 4 Decline and revival of evolutionary analysis in the social sciences 5 Human behavioral complexes: the biology and sociology of evolved humans 6 The emergence of the socio-cultural universe: disentangling levels of reality 7 Fundamental differences between socio-cultural and biological evolution Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review‘This is Alexandra Maryanski’s and Jonathan H. Turner’s best effort yet in their long quest to try to help save biophobic sociologists from themselves. Darwin predicted that evolutionary thinking would “throw much light” on humanity’s origin and history. Turner and Maryanski show exactly where, and how, to throw that light.’ -- Richard S. Machalek, University of Wyoming, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface ix 1 On the origins of evolutionary analysis in biology and sociology 2 Going back in time: the power of cladistic analysis 3 Comparative neuro-anatomy: evolution of the brain from hominin to human 4 Decline and revival of evolutionary analysis in the social sciences 5 Human behavioral complexes: the biology and sociology of evolved humans 6 The emergence of the socio-cultural universe: disentangling levels of reality 7 Fundamental differences between socio-cultural and biological evolution Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisEvolutionary developmental biology jumps a step further in Evolutionary Developmental Anthropology to survey the correlation between evolutionary developmental anthropology and primate and human morphological evolution.Table of ContentsContributors vii Foreword: Humans from Embryos ix Günter P. Wagner 1 Introduction to Evo‐Devo‐Anthro 1 Campbell Rolian and Julia C. Boughner 2 Chondrocranial Growth, Developmental Integration and Evolvability in the Human Skull 17 Neus Martínez‐Abadías, Mireia Esparza, Torstein Sjøvold and Benedikt Hallgrímsson 3 The Tooth of the Matter: The Evo‐Devo of Coordinated Phenotypic Change 35 Julia C. Boughner 4 Genetic Regulation of Amelogenesis and Implications for Hominin Ancestors 61 Rodrigo S. Lacruz 5 Evo‐Devo Sheds Light on Mechanisms of Human Evolution: Limb Proportions and Penile Spines 77 Philip L. Reno 6 Out on a Limb: Development and the Evolution of the Human Appendicular Skeleton 101 Nathan M. Young and Terence D. Capellini 7 Tinkering with Growth Plates: A Developmental Simulation of Limb Bone Evolution in Hominoids 139 Campbell Rolian 8 Origin, Development, and Evolution of Primate Muscles, with Notes on Human Anatomical Variations and Anomalies 167 Rui Diogo and Bernard Wood 9 The Evolutionary Biology of Human Neurodevelopment: Evo‐Neuro‐Devo Comes of Age 205 Bernard Crespi and Emma Leach 10 Evolving the Developing Cortex: Conserved Gradients of Neurogenesis Scale and Channel New Functions in Primates 231 Christine J. Charvet and Barbara L. Finlay 11 Growing Up Fast, Maturing Slowly: The Evolution of a Uniquely Modern Human Pattern of Brain Development 261 Philipp Gunz 12 FOXP2 and the Genetic and Developmental Basis of Human Language 285 Carles Lalueza‐Fox 13 Assembly Instructions Included 297 Kenneth Weiss and Anne Buchanan Index 317

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Book SynopsisA groundbreaking, evidence-based text to the growing field of evolutionary medicine Evidence-Based Evolutionary Medicine offers a comprehensive review of the burgeoning field of evolutionary medicine and explores vital topics such as evolution, ecology, and aging as they relate to mainstream medicine. The text integrates Darwinian principles and evidence-based medicine in order to offer a clear picture of the underlying principles that reflect how and why organisms have evolved on a cellular level. The authorsnoted authorities in their respective fieldsaddress evolutionary medicine from a developmental cell-molecular perspective. They explore the first principles of physiology that explain the generation of existing tissues, organs, and organ systems. The text offers an understanding of the overall biology as a vertically integrated whole, from unicellular to multicellular organisms. In addition, it addresses clinical diagnostic and therapeutic approachesTable of ContentsPreface xiii 1 A Brief History of Evolutionary Thinking 1 Summary 1 Introduction 2 Darwin 3 Darwin’s Theory 6 The Modern Synthesis 7 The Darkest Chapter 9 Conclusions 14 References 14 2 Outlining the Major Transitions in the History of Life 17 Summary 17 Introduction 18 The Major Transitions 20 Conclusions 29 References 30 3 One Central Mystery: Why Did Eukaryotes Only Evolve Once? 31 Summary 31 Introduction 32 Conclusions 45 References 45 4 A Levels‐of‐Selection View of Evolutionary Physiology 49 Summary 49 Conclusions 59 References 59 5 The Cell as the Smallest Functional Unit of Biology/Physiology 63 Summary 63 In the Beginning 64 The Advent of Multicellularity 65 Evolution: Cellular Style 69 The Water–Land Transition and Vertebrate Evolution 70 The Cellular Approach to Evolution Is Predictive 74 We Are Not Just in This Environment, We Are of It 77 Bioethics Based on Evolutionary Ontology and Epistemology, Not Descriptive Phenotypes, and Genes 78 The Theory of Everything (TOE) 79 Coda 81 References 81 6 Development of Tissues and Organs 83 Summary 83 Introduction 83 Lung Alveolar Morphogenesis 85 Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Protein 86 Stretch‐Induced Cell–Cell Interactions 88 References 89 7 When Homeostasis Fails 91 Summary 91 Introduction 91 Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma as a Connection to the Evolution of the LIF 93 PPARγ, Statins, and TOR as Mechanisms for Homeostasis 93 Homeostatic Control of What? 93 Pleiotropy: The Deus ex Machina (Ghost in the Machine) 95 Rubik’s Cube as a Metaphor for Pleiotropic Evolution 96 The Lung as the Prototypical Pleiotropic Mechanism 99 The Lung as an Interactive Barrier: Homolog of the Plasma Membrane, Skin, and Brain 102 NKX2.1, Thyroid, Pituitary, and Lung Pleiotropy 104 The Phylogeny of the Thyroid 105 An Evolutionary Vertical Integration of the Phylogeny and Ontogeny of the Thyroid 105 A Retrospective Understanding of Evolution 107 Denouement 109 Conclusions 111 References 112 8 Wnt Signaling During Development 113 Summary 113 Introduction 113 Role of Growth Factors in Alveolar Homeostasis 114 The Kidney Glomerulus as a Homolog of the Lung Alveolus 116 Pathologic Consequences of Failed Paracrine Signaling 117 Reference 117 9 Integrated Regulation of Homeostasis – Vascular, Nervous, Endocrine, Neuroendocrine, Autonomic 119 Summary 119 Introduction 119 Water–Land Transition as the Catalyst for Vertebrate Evolution 121 Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Protein Signaling Is Key to Understanding the Evolution of the Lung 121 The Physics of Lung Evolution 122 Functional Homology between Membrane Lipids and Oxygenation 124 Atmospheric Oxygen, Physiologic Stress, Gene Duplication, and Lung Evolution 125 Duplication of the β Adrenergic Receptor and the Glucocorticoid Receptor Genes 127 Evolution of Endothermy/Homeothermy as Evidence for the Effect of Stress on Vertebrate Physiologic Evolution 127 Hibernation as Reverse Evolution 129 Predictive Power of the Cellular–Molecular Approach to Evolution 131 Conclusions 133 References 136 10 Endogenous and Exogenous Mechanisms for Healing 137 Summary 137 Introduction 138 Endogenous Mechanisms for Healing 138 A Fine Homeostatic Balance between the Differentiated Interstitial Fibroblast and the Myofibroblast 138 Universality of Wnt/β‐catenin in Myofibroblast Proliferation and Scarring: DKK, Shh, Alphabet Soup 140 Prostanoids, Homeostasis, and Regeneration 140 PGJ2 141 ApoE4 143 Evolutionary versus Traditional Medicine 144 Exogenous Mechanisms for Healing Using Evolutionary Principles 145 Summary 145 Cholesterol and Homeostasis 145 Pathophysiology of Hypercholesterolemia 145 Statins as Anti‐Inflammatory Agents 146 PPARγ and Homeostasis 146 TOR and Homeostasis 148 References 148 11 Systems Biology as Recapitulation of Ontogeny and Phylogeny 151 Summary 151 Introduction 151 A Paradigm Shift in Evolution 152 Endothermy as “Proof of Principle” for the Evolution of Serial Exaptations 154 Endothermy Defies Physics, Fostering Migration 155 Conclusions 157 References 158 12 Terminal Addition as Physiologic Homeostasis and Regeneration, or Evolutionary Medicine 159 Summary 159 Introduction 160 Conflicting Viewpoints 161 Terminal Addition as a Perpetual Cellular Link with the Environment 163 Terminal Addition as Layered Cell–Cell Signaling 164 Epigenetic Impacts and Terminal Addition 167 Physiologic Stress, Vascular Shear Stress, Radical Oxygen Species, and Mutation within Constraints = The Mechanism of Terminal Addition 168 Homeobox Genes, Colinearity, and Terminal Addition 169 The Alveolar Lipofibroblast as Terminal Addition 170 The Participation of Glomerular Mesangial Cells 170 PTHrP Effects on the Anterior Pituitary, Adrenal Cortex, and Adrenal Medulla 171 Catecholamines, Lung, and Heart Biology 171 Oxytocin, Endothermy, and the Retina 171 Central Nervous System 172 Terminal Addition, “Reverse Evolution,” and Evolutionary Medicine 172 Discussion 173 Terminal Addition: The Fundament of Haeckel’s Biogenetic Law 173 Somewhere between Gene and Phenotype Lies the Process of Evolution 174 Conclusions 178 References 179 13 Phantom Limbs: Imagination and Epigenetics 181 Summary 181 Introduction 181 Background to Phantom Limb Sensation 182 Relevance of Phantom Limb Sensation to Terminal Addition 183 Phantom Limb Sensation as Non‐Localization 183 Limbs and Hearts 184 Relationship of Limbs to Bipedalism and the Evolution of Birds and Mammals 185 Of Limbs and Consciousness 186 Life as Fractals 186 Consciousness, the Epitome of the Continuum from Inanimate to Animate 188 References 188 14 Man’s Place in the Universe 191 Summary 191 Introduction 192 Anthropomorphisms Subvert the Biologic Imperative to Cooperate 193 Euphysiology 193 References 200 15 Evolution, Deception, and Public Health 203 Summary 203 Part I. Deception Is Deceiving: The Exception that Proves the Rule 203 Introduction 204 In the Beginning 204 Epigenetics and Niche Construction 205 The Deception Proves the Rule 205 Our Own Personal Heliocentrism 206 Deception and Social Pathology 207 Physiologic Stress 208 Ambiguities in Biology 211 Part II. Resolution of the Ambiguities by Assimilating the Deception 214 Introduction 214 The Cell as the First Niche Construction – Self‐Organization Overcomes the Ambiguity 214 The Evolution of Endothermy as Internal Niche Construction; or, Self‐Organization Overcomes Biologic Ambiguities 215 Stress‐Induced Evolution of Endothermy by Stepwise Changes in Physiology Predicts Bipedalism, Evolution of the Avian and Hominid Forelimbs, and Higher Consciousness 217 Cold Stress and DRD4–7: Did Risk‐Taking Drive Us Out of Africa? 218 How Androgens Act to Reduce Ambiguities of Life 220 How Art Seemingly Resolves the Deception of Life 221 How Music Resolves the Deception of Life 221 Literature (Deceptively) Resolves the Ambiguities of Life 222 Liturgy Resolves the Ambiguities of Life: Back to the Garden? 222 Part III. Deception and Public Health 222 Cognitive Dissonance: Scientific Principles, Disease, and Health 223 Part IV. Prediction: Bioethics Based on First Principles of Physiology 224 References 226 Index 227

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Book SynopsisThrough eight successful editions, and over nearly 40 years, Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach has provided a thorough and comprehensive exploration of the varied scientific disciplines and research that are essential to understanding the subject. The text has been praised for its solid background in historical biogeography and basic biology, that is enhanced and illuminated by discussions of current research. This new edition incorporates the exciting changes of the recent years, and presents a thoughtful exploration of the research and controversies that have transformed our understanding of the biogeography of the world. It also clearly identifies the three quite different arenas of biogeographical research: continental biogeography, island biogeography and marine biogeography. It is the only current textbook with full coverage of marine biogeography. It reveals how the patterns of life that we see today have been created by the twoTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgements xiii 1 The History of Biogeography 1 Lessons from the Past 1 Ecological versus Historical Biogeography, and Plants versus Animals 3 Biogeography and Creation 4 The Distribution of Life Today 5 Evolution – a Flawed and Dangerous Idea! 7 Enter Darwin – and Wallace 8 World Maps: Biogeographical Regions of Plants and Animals 10 Getting around the World 12 The Origins of Modern Historical Biogeography 16 The Development of Ecological Biogeography 19 Living Together 20 Marine Biogeography 23 Island Biogeography 24 Biogeography Today 26 SECTION I: The Challenge of Existing 31 2 Patterns of Distribution: Finding a Home 33 Limits of Distribution 37 The Niche 38 Overcoming the Barriers 39 Climatic Limits: The Palms 41 A Successful Family: The Daisies (Asteraceae) 42 Patterns among Plovers 46 Magnolias: Evolutionary Relicts 49 The Strange Case of the Testate Amoeba 50 Climatic Relicts 52 Topographical Limits and Endemism 59 Physical Limits 60 Species Interaction: A Case of the Blues 66 Competition 69 Reducing Competition 71 Predators and Prey, Parasites and Hosts 73 Migration 76 Invasion 79 3 Communities and Ecosystems: Living Together 89 The Community 89 The Ecosystem 92 Ecosystems and Species Diversity 95 Biotic Assemblages on a Global Scale 98 Mountain Biomes 103 Global Patterns of Climate 106 Climate Diagrams 109 Modelling Biomes and Climate 112 4 Patterns of Biodiversity 117 How Many Species are There? 118 Latitudinal Gradients of Diversity 123 Is Evolution Faster in the Tropics? 131 The Legacy of Glaciation 132 Latitude and Species Ranges 133 Diversity and Altitude 134 Biodiversity Hotspots 136 Diversity in Space and Time 139 Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis 141 Dynamic Biodiversity and Neutral Theory 142 SECTION II: THE ENGINES OF THE PLANET 147 5 Plate Tectonics 149 The Evidence for Plate Tectonics 149 Changing Patterns of Continents 154 How Plate Tectonics affects the Living World, Part I: Events on Land 154 How Plate Tectonics affects the Living World, Part II: Events in the Oceans 156 Islands and Plate Tectonics 162 Terranes 164 6 Evolution, the Source of Novelty 169 The Mechanism of Evolution: The Genetic System 172 From Populations to Species 173 Sympatry versus Allopatry 176 Defining the Species 179 A Case Study: Darwin’s Finches 180 Controversies and Evolution 183 Charting the Course of Evolution 188 SECTION III: ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY 193 7 Life, Death and Evolution on Islands 195 Types of Island 196 Getting There: The Challenges of Arriving 196 Dying There: Problems of Survival 197 Adapting and Evolving 199 The Hawaiian Islands 201 Integrating the Data: The Theory of Island Biogeography 208 Modifying the Theory 212 The General Dynamic Model for Oceanic Island Biogeography 214 Nestedness 216 Living Together: Incidence and Assembly Rules 216 Building an Ecosystem: The History of Rakata 218 SECTION IV: PATTERNS OF LIFE 229 8 From Evolution to Patterns of Life 231 Dispersal, Vicariance and Endemism 231 Methods of Analysis 232 Event]Based Biogeography 236 Reticulate Patterns 239 The Molecular Approach to Historical Biogeography 245 Molecules and the More Distant Past 250 9 Patterns in the Oceans 255 Zones in the Ocean and on the Seafloor 257 Basic Biogeography of the Seas 260 The Open]Sea Environment 261 The Ocean Floor 268 The Shallow]Sea Environment 273 10 Patterns in the Past 291 Early Land Life on the Moving Continents 292 One World – for a While 295 Biogeography of the Earliest Mammals 298 Early History of the Flowering Plants 303 Reconstructing Early Biomes 305 11 Setting the Scene for Today 315 The Biogeographical Regions Today 315 The Basis of Mammal Biogeography 317 Patterns of Distribution Today, I: The Mammals 319 Patterns of Distribution Today, II: The Flowering Plants 322 History of Today’s Biogeographical Regions 323 The Old World Tropics: Africa, India and South]East Asia 324 Australia 331 New Caledonia 334 New Zealand 335 The West Indies 336 South America 341 The Northern Hemisphere: Holarctic Mammals and Boreal Plants 346 12 Ice and Change 353 Climatic Wiggles 354 Interglacials and Interstadials 356 Biological Changes in the Pleistocene 358 The Last Glacial 361 Causes of Glaciation 370 The Current Interglacial: A False Start 375 Forests on the Move 377 The Dry Lands 381 Changing Sea Levels 383 A Time of Warmth 384 Climatic Cooling 386 Recorded History 388 Atmosphere and Oceans: Short]Term Climate Change 388 The Future 390 SECTION V: PEOPLE AND PROBLEMS 397 13 The Human Intrusion 399 The Emergence of Humans 399 Modern Humans and the Megafaunal Extinctions 406 Plant Domestication and Agriculture 409 Animal Domestication 414 Diversification of Homo sapiens 415 The Biogeography of Human Parasitic Diseases 417 Environmental Impact of Early Human Cultures 420 14 Conservation Biogeography 425 Welcome to the Anthropocene 425 Less, and Less Interesting 429 What is behind the Biodiversity Crisis? 430 Crisis Management: Responding to Biodiversity Loss 435 The Birth of Conservation Biogeography 437 The Scope of Conservation Biogeography 438 Conservation Biogeography in Action 443 The Future is Digital 446 Conclusions 449 Glossary 455 Index 469 Colour plates between pages 146 and 147

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Book SynopsisThrough eight successful editions, and over nearly 40 years, Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach has provided a thorough and comprehensive exploration of the varied scientific disciplines and research that are essential to understanding the subject.Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgements xiii 1 The History of Biogeography 1 Lessons from the Past 1 Ecological versus Historical Biogeography, and Plants versus Animals 3 Biogeography and Creation 4 The Distribution of Life Today 5 Evolution – a Flawed and Dangerous Idea! 7 Enter Darwin – and Wallace 8 World Maps: Biogeographical Regions of Plants and Animals 10 Getting around the World 12 The Origins of Modern Historical Biogeography 16 The Development of Ecological Biogeography 19 Living Together 20 Marine Biogeography 23 Island Biogeography 24 Biogeography Today 26 SECTION I: THE CHALLENGE OF EXISTING 31 2 Patterns of Distribution: Finding a Home 33 Limits of Distribution 37 The Niche 38 Overcoming the Barriers 39 Climatic Limits: The Palms 41 A Successful Family: The Daisies (Asteraceae) 42 Patterns among Plovers 46 Magnolias: Evolutionary Relicts 49 The Strange Case of the Testate Amoeba 50 Climatic Relicts 52 Topographical Limits and Endemism 59 Physical Limits 60 Species Interaction: A Case of the Blues 66 Competition 69 Reducing Competition 71 Predators and Prey, Parasites and Hosts 73 Migration 76 Invasion 79 3 Communities and Ecosystems: Living Together 89 The Community 89 The Ecosystem 92 Ecosystems and Species Diversity 95 Biotic Assemblages on a Global Scale 98 Mountain Biomes 103 Global Patterns of Climate 106 Climate Diagrams 109 Modelling Biomes and Climate 112 4 Patterns of Biodiversity 117 How Many Species are There? 118 Latitudinal Gradients of Diversity 123 Is Evolution Faster in the Tropics? 131 The Legacy of Glaciation 132 Latitude and Species Ranges 133 Diversity and Altitude 134 Biodiversity Hotspots 136 Diversity in Space and Time 139 Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis 141 Dynamic Biodiversity and Neutral Theory 142 SECTION II: THE ENGINES OF THE PLANET 147 5 Plate Tectonics 149 The Evidence for Plate Tectonics 149 Changing Patterns of Continents 154 How Plate Tectonics affects the Living World, Part I: Events on Land 154 How Plate Tectonics affects the Living World, Part II: Events in the Oceans 156 Islands and Plate Tectonics 162 Terranes 164 6 Evolution, the Source of Novelty 169 The Mechanism of Evolution: The Genetic System 172 From Populations to Species 173 Sympatry versus Allopatry 176 Defining the Species 179 A Case Study: Darwin’s Finches 180 Controversies and Evolution 183 Charting the Course of Evolution 188 SECTION III: ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY 193 7 Life, Death and Evolution on Islands 195 Types of Island 196 Getting There: The Challenges of Arriving 196 Dying There: Problems of Survival 197 Adapting and Evolving 199 The Hawaiian Islands 201 Integrating the Data: The Theory of Island Biogeography 208 Modifying the Theory 212 The General Dynamic Model for Oceanic Island Biogeography 214 Nestedness 216 Living Together: Incidence and Assembly Rules 216 Building an Ecosystem: The History of Rakata 218 SECTION IV: PATTERNS OF LIFE 229 8 From Evolution to Patterns of Life 231 Dispersal, Vicariance and Endemism 231 Methods of Analysis 232 Event‐Based Biogeography 236 Reticulate Patterns 239 The Molecular Approach to Historical Biogeography 245 Molecules and the More Distant Past 250 9 Patterns in the Oceans 255 Zones in the Ocean and on the Seafloor 257 Basic Biogeography of the Seas 260 The Open‐Sea Environment 261 The Ocean Floor 268 The Shallow‐Sea Environment 273 10 Patterns in the Past 291 Early Land Life on the Moving Continents 292 One World – for a While 295 Biogeography of the Earliest Mammals 298 Early History of the Flowering Plants 303 Reconstructing Early Biomes 305 11 Setting the Scene for Today 315 The Biogeographical Regions Today 315 The Basis of Mammal Biogeography 317 Patterns of Distribution Today, I: The Mammals 319 Patterns of Distribution Today, II: The Flowering Plants 322 History of Today’s Biogeographical Regions 323 The Old World Tropics: Africa, India and South‐East Asia 324 Australia 331 New Caledonia 334 New Zealand 335 The West Indies 336 South America 341 The Northern Hemisphere: Holarctic Mammals and Boreal Plants 346 12 Ice and Change 353 Climatic Wiggles 354 Interglacials and Interstadials 356 Biological Changes in the Pleistocene 358 The Last Glacial 361 Causes of Glaciation 370 The Current Interglacial: A False Start 375 Forests on the Move 377 The Dry Lands 381 Changing Sea Levels 383 A Time of Warmth 384 Climatic Cooling 386 Recorded History 388 Atmosphere and Oceans: Short‐Term Climate Change 388 The Future 390 SECTION V: PEOPLE AND PROBLEMS 397 13 The Human Intrusion 399 The Emergence of Humans 399 Modern Humans and the Megafaunal Extinctions 406 Plant Domestication and Agriculture 409 Animal Domestication 414 Diversification of Homo sapiens 415 The Biogeography of Human Parasitic Diseases 417 Environmental Impact of Early Human Cultures 420 14 Conservation Biogeography 425 Welcome to the Anthropocene 425 Less, and Less Interesting 429 What is behind the Biodiversity Crisis? 430 Crisis Management: Responding to Biodiversity Loss 435 The Birth of Conservation Biogeography 437 The Scope of Conservation Biogeography 438 Conservation Biogeography in Action 443 The Future is Digital 446 Conclusions 449 Glossary 455 Index 469 Colour plates between pages 146 and 147

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