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Book SynopsisThis book traces women’s influence on maternity policy in Norway from 1880-1940. Maternity policies, including maternity leave, midwifery services and public assistance for mothers, were some of the first welfare policies enacted in Norway. Feminists, midwives, and working women participated in their creation and helped transform maternity policies from a restriction to a benefit. Situating Norway within the larger European context, the book contributes to discussions of Scandinavian welfare state development and further untangles the relationship between social policy and gender equality.The study of poor, rural women alongside urban middle-class feminists is rooted in an inclusive archival source base that speaks to the interplay between local and national welfare officials and recipients, the development and implementation of laws in diverse settings, the divergent effects maternity policies had on women, and women’s varied response.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: “What Nature Itself Demands:” The Development of Maternity Legislation at the End of the Nineteenth Century.- Chapter 3: “For the Health of the People:” Public Health and the Compensation of Maternity Leave in the 1910s.- Chapter 4: “Protecting Mothers and Children:” The Castbergian Children’s Laws and Maternity Assistance for Single Mothers in the 1910s.- Chapter 5: “Getting the Most Money Possible:” Women’s Responses to the Implementation of Maternity Laws, 1916-1930.- Chapter 6: “Mothers’ Freedom is the Key to Women’s Emancipation:” Feminist Efforts to Expand Maternity Legislation in the Interwar Period.- Chapter 7: Conclusion.- Index

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Book SynopsisThis collection investigates Queen Elizabeth I as an accomplished writer in her own right as well as the subject of authors who celebrated her. With innovative essays from Brenda M. Hosington, Carole Levin, and other established and emerging experts, it reappraises Elizabeth’s translations, letters, poems and prayers through a diverse range of approaches to textuality, from linguistic and philological to literary and cultural-historical. The book also considers Elizabeth as “authored,” studying how she is reflected in the writing of her contemporaries and reconstructing a wider web of relations between the public and private use of language in early modern culture. Contributions from Carlo M. Bajetta, Guillaume Coatelen and Giovanni Iamartino bring the Queen’s presence in early modern Italian literary culture to the fore. Together, these essays illuminate the Queen in writing, from the multifaceted linguistic and rhetorical strategies that she employed, to the texts inspired by her power and charisma.Trade Review“This is an essay-collection … with a number of new approaches and some fresh materials to interest the scholar of writing about, and especially by, this remarkable queen. The volume certainly helps to advance the case for Elizabeth to be studied not only as a monarch, but also as an impressive author, translator, and linguist, wielding language skilfully in a multitude of ways in order to manage both political and personal relationships … .” (Helen Hackett, Early Modern Women Journal, Vol. 14 (1), 2019)Table of Contents1. IntroductionI. Elizabeth as Author2. The Young Princess Elizabeth, Neo-Latin and the Power of the Written Word3. Ethics from the Classroom: Elizabeth I's translation of Cicero's Pro Marcello4. Styling Power: A corpus-linguistic approach to the correspondence of Queen Elizabeth I5. "Beholde me thy handmaid": The pragmatics and politics of Queen Elizabeth's prayers6. Elizabeth I as Poet: Some notes on "Monsierur's departure" and John Dowland's "Now O now I needs must part"II. Elizabeth Authored7. A Critical Edition and Discussion of SP 70/2 f.94: A letter and two sonnets by Celio Magno to Queen Elizabeth I8. "La Comediante Politica": On Gregorio Leti's 1693 Life of Queen Elizabeth I9. Multilingualism at the Tudor Court: Henry, Elizabeth and the love letter genreIII. The Gift of Language, the Language of the Gift10. What Elizabeth Knew. Language as Mirror and Gift11. Queen Elizabeth and the Power and Language of the Gift

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the courtship and marriage of Gwyneth Murray, an English woman, and a Canadian, Harry Logan, who wrote in the personae of their vagina (Dardanella) and penis (Peter) during World War I. Through an analysis of their extensive daily correspondence over nearly a decade, it uncovers the couple’s changing attitudes to the intersection of sexuality and religion, to marriage and childrearing, as they navigated the transition from Victorian to modern values. By focusing on first-person narratives, this book enriches our understanding of gender identities revealing how porous the boundaries remained between notions of 'heterosexual' and 'same-sex' friendships. This study offers an unprecedented perspective on one couple’s sexual practices, which included mutual masturbation and oral sex, and constitutes one of the most intensive examinations of female attitudes to sexual pleasure in an era of female emancipation. Trade Review“Historians of gender, sexuality, and religion will find a great deal to interest them in this valuable volume.” (Mo Moulton, Journal of British Studies, Vol. 60 (1), January, 2021)Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction: Making Love Sexual in the Edwardian Age.- Chapter 2: The Emotional Body: Religion and Male Friendship at Oxford.- Chapter 3: “Phallic Thumbs”: Conceiving a New Eden.- Chapter 3: The Carnal Brother Body: Emotion, Interiority, and the Epistolary “Talking Cure”.- Chapter 5: The Gendered Body: Marriage and a “home of my own”.- Chapter 6: Purring Vaginas and Waggling Penises: Sexting World War I.- Chapter 7: The Maternal Body: Pregnancy, Child-Rearing, and Birth Control.- Chapter 8. Conclusion: “Are the Thumbs Still Wagging?”: Gwyneth, Harry and the Psyche of an Age.- Bibliography.- Index

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Book SynopsisThis book explains how the media helped to invent the European Union as the supranational polity that we know today. Against normative EU scholarship, it tells the story of the rise of the Euro-journalists – pro-European advocacy journalists – within the post-war Western European media. The Euro-journalists pioneered a journalism which symbolically magnified the technocratic European Community as the embodiment of Europe. Normative research on the media and European integration has focused on how the media might help to construct a democratic and legitimate European Union. In contrast, this book aims to deconstruct how journalists – as part of Western European elites – played a key role in elite European identity building campaigns.Trade Review“The book is extremely well-structured with helpful introductory contexts to the various phases of Europeanisation as constructive enthusiasm for it moved from the margins in the 1950s to a hegemonic position in the 1970s. … Herzer’s timely contribution is laudably historical as befits a volume in this excellent series. … His book supplements this approach through insightful interviews with key contributors across four main countries: Germany, France, UK, and Italy.” (Martin Conboy, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 57 (3), 2022)“It provides a rich and detailed insight into European journalism history against the background of European integration history while also adding to our understanding of present day EU–media relations. … Herzer’s book is a time travel companion well recommended.” (Carolin Rüger, JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies, August 28, 2020)Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book is about the psycho-political visions and programmes in early-twentieth century Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Amidst the political and social unrest that followed the First World War, psychiatrists attempted to use their clinical insights to understand, diagnose, and treat society at large. The book uses a variety of published and unpublished sources to retrace major debates, protagonists, and networks involved in the redrawing of the boundaries of psychiatry’s sphere of authority. The book is based on three interconnected case studies: the overt pathologisation of the 1918/19 revolution led by right-wing German psychiatrists; the project of medical expansionism under the label of ‘applied psychiatry’ in inter-war Vienna; and the attempt to unite and implement different approaches to psychiatric prophylaxis in the movement for mental hygiene. By exploring these histories, the book also sheds light on the emergence of ideas that still shape the field to the present day and shows the close connection between utopian promises and the worst abuses of psychiatry. Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Diagnosing the Revolution.- 3 Applyied Psychiatry in Inter-War Vienna.- 4 Expansionism and Interdisciplinarity: Applied Psychopathology in the Interwar Period.- 5 Psychiatric Prophylaxis and the Emergence of Mental Hygiene.- 6 The Rise and Fall of Mental Hygiene.-

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Book Synopsis"This book brings together feminist histories in education with an innovative approach to epistolary narrative analytics. In deploying the notion of the epistolary bildung the author rigorously and eloquently shows how the correspondence of Barbara Bodichon can shed fresh light in a range of personal problems and public issues in women’s lives, which remain relevant today"- Maria Tamboukou, Professor of Feminist Studies, University of East London, UKThis book assesses Barbara Bodichon’s significance in the history of the women’s movement in Britain by elaborating a conceptualisation of letters as sources of feminist development. Bodichon was the leader of the first women’s suffrage committee in England, which collected 1,500 signatures in favour of the female vote – a petition presented in the House of Commons by sympathising MPs to support the amendment of the 1867 Reform Bill. This book explores the significance of letter-exchange in Barbara Bodichon’s feminist becoming as she managed to mobilize partisans and secure signatures by means of chains of friendship letters spreading across the country. For letters functioned as platforms where, concomitantly to her making sense of her experiential input, Bodichon adopted, redefined and challenged circulating discourses – transforming them in the process and hence contributing to the production of feminist knowledge, intersubjectively and collaboratively in dialogue with her addressees. At the crossroads of history of feminism, gender history and history of women’s education, this book explores the significance of letter-exchange in Bodichon’s development into one of the galvanizing figures of the women’s rights movement in Victorian England. Table of Contents1. Unfolding Feminism: Letters, Networks and Friendship2. Bodichon’s Epistolary Bildung: Learning, Narratives and Agency3. ‘A Peculiar Education’: Epistolary Networks, Knowledge and Critical Thinking4. ‘To be happy is to work, work – work – work’: Affection, Creativity and Self-fulfilment5. ‘Improbable that we should agree in the choice of husbands’: Love, Marriage and Silences6. ‘Slavery is…allied to the injustice to women’: Morality, Equality and Citizenship7. ‘Bringing home bamboos to paint’: Artistry, Aesthetics and Power8. ‘Born a hundred years too soon’: Bodichon’s Agentic Epistolary Bildung

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Book SynopsisEurope is a continent whose history has, in one form or another, long been dominated by integration. And yet the European integration process is often treated as synonymous with the evolution of just one particular, and until recently geographically quite limited, Western-centred organisation: the European Union (EU). This trend obscures the multitude of ways European states have acted collectively on both sides of the Iron Curtain – and continue to do so throughout the continent today. With contributors drawn from history and political science, this book explores some of these diverse integration efforts ‘beyond Brussels’. We shine a light on international organisations, trade frameworks, and various political, social, scientific and cultural forms of unity in both Eastern and Western Europe. In so doing, the book seeks to redefine the history of the European integration process not only as a less purely EU-centric phenomenon but as a less strictly Western European one too.Trade Review“Providing new insights on a range of understudied actors, structures and for a of cooperation, this book contributes indeed to a broader understanding of the manifold strands that together constitute the larger context of European integration. … the book constitutes through its case studies, conceptualisation approaches, and suggestions for further studies a nonetheless important and valuable addition to the literature in the wider and increasingly diverse field of European integration historiography.” (Mechthild Roos, H-Soz-Kult, hsozkult.de, April 14, 2022)“The book does a much better job than most edited volumes in drawing out links and connections between the various contributions. … Overall, this book is an excellent contribution to the literature: it summarizes the discussion, challenges established notions, provides a string of contributions with fresh findings, and prepares the ground for further debate.” (Kiran Klaus Patel, Connections, April 8, 2022)Table of Contents1 Recasting the History and Politics of European Integration ‘Beyond Brussels’ - Matthew Broad and Suvi KansikasPart I: Pan-European Ideas, Structures and Interactions2 ‘Integration, Nobody Knows What It Means’: European Cooperation and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), 1946–56 - Daniel Stinsky3 Inventing a ‘European Space of Discussion’: The UEFA-EBU Relationship, c.1950s–1970s - Philippe Vonnard4 Mediating in the Cold War: How the Socialist Group of MEPs became a Driver of Brussels-Moscow Rapprochement - Alexandra Athanasopoulou Köpping5 Environmental Security for the Promotion of Pan-European Integration: The OSCE as a Europeanising Actor in the Balkans - Emma HakalaPart II: Imagining, Negotiating and Building Regional Integration6 Not Giving Up Sovereignty: The British Labour Party’s Alternative Vision of European Cooperation, 1933–1951 - Ettore Costa7 Less Than Membership but More Than Association: Establishing the European Economic Area (EEA), 1989–1993- Juhana Aunesluoma8 Regional Integration in the Eastern Bloc: Energy Cooperation between CMEA Countries, c.1950s–80s - Falk Flade9 Industrial Policy and Technological Cooperation in the EAEU: The Case of Eurasian Technology Platforms - Anna Lowry Part III: European Integration At and Around the Subregional Level10 Uniting Europe From Afar: Exile Plans for a Central European Federation in the Early Cold War - Pauli Heikkilä11 Remain or Leave? Britain and the European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO) in the Context of Brexit - John Krige12 Subregional Integration in East Central Europe: Strategies in the In-Between Sphere - Katalin Miklóssy 13 Subregional Groupings in Post-Communist Europe: More Than Just ‘Cooperation’? - Martin DangerfieldPart IV: Conclusions 14 European Integration: Past and Future, East and West, Brussels and Beyond - Anne Deighton

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights the pivotal roles of individuals in England’s complex sixteenth-century reformations. While many historians study broad themes, such as religious moderation, this volume is centred on the perspective that great changes are instigated not by themes, or ‘isms’, but rather by people – a point recently underlined in the 2017 quincentenary commemorations of Martin Luther’s protest in Germany. That sovereigns from Henry VIII to Elizabeth I largely drove religious policy in Tudor England is well known. Instead, the essays collected in this volume, inspired by the quincentenary and based upon original research, take a novel approach, emphasizing the agency of some of their most interesting subjects: Protestant and Roman Catholic, clerical and lay, men and women. With an introduction that establishes why the commemorative impulse was so powerful in this period and explores how reputations were constructed, perpetuated and manipulated, the authors of the nine succeeding chapters examine the reputations of three archbishops of Canterbury (Thomas Cranmer, Matthew Parker and John Whitgift), three pioneering bishops’ wives (Elizabeth Coverdale, Margaret Cranmer and Anne Hooper), two Roman Catholic martyrs (John Fisher and Thomas More), one evangelical martyr other than Cranmer (Anne Askew), two Jesuits (John Gerard and Robert Persons) and one author whose confessional identity remains contested (Anthony Munday). Partly biographical, though mainly historiographical, these essays offer refreshing new perspectives on why the selected figures are famed (or should be famed) and discuss what their reformation reputations tell us today.Trade Review“This appears to be the first book, featuring interdisciplinarity, dedicated to exploring the rich history of the Reformations by investigating the topic with reference to reputations. … This well-appointed volume features two dozen figures and tables, along with a twenty-six–page index. Each of the ten chapters is lavishly documented, and there are plenty of provocative suggestions for additional research. The editors and the publisher should be congratulated on a handsome volume that is certain to stimulate considerable discussion.” (Thomas A. Fudge, Journal of Religious History, Vol. 46 (2), June, 2022)“This wide-ranging volume opens with an expansive introductory chapter by the editors that, at 157 pages, is the length of a short book. … The introduction and the essays that follow offer valuable analyses of the ways in which the reputations of English Reformation figures were forged, reworked, and contested in shifting contexts, all the way down to the present day.” (Karl Gunther, Church History, Vol. 91 (1), March, 2022)“Each article and the splendid introduction are first-rate. … Women are not overlooked in the collection. Susan Wabuda reexamines Anne Askew, burned at the stake for heresy by King Henry VIII in 1546, and immortalized in Foxe’s Actes and Monuments. … In an especially intriguing contribution, Rachel Basch considers Margaret Cranmer, Anne Hooper, and Elizabeth Coverdale … .” (Thomas M. McCoog, S.J., Journal of Jesuit Studies, Vol. 9, 2022)“Crankshaw and Gross are writing neither Reformation history nor memory study. They are considering lives remembered across time. Noting that remembering required print, and that printed reputations could provoke printed responses, they provide a very useful table of autobiographical and biographical works through 1718. … This fine collection gives historians of religion much to ponder. As we watch the heroes of the English Reformation swing … we must ask what our parts are in this process of reputation building.” (Norm Jones, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 73 (1), January, 2022)“Each of the essays in this volume offers new understandings of the men and women who shaped England’s religious politics in the sixteenth century. The volume as a whole is a timely reminder of the historical significance of ‘the power of individual agency’ … .” (Mary Morrissey, Renaissance and Reformation, Vol. 43 (4), 2021)Table of Contents1. Introduction: Reformation, Life-Writing and the Commemorative Impulse: The Power of the Individual- David J. Crankshaw and George W. C. Gross2. 1535 in 1935: Catholic Saints and English Identity: The Canonization of Thomas More and John Fisher- William Sheils3. Thomas Cranmer’s Reputation Reconsidered- Ashley Null4. ‘Agents of the Reformation’: Margaret Cranmer, Anne Hooper and Elizabeth Coverdale- Rachel Basch5. Anne Askew- Susan Wabuda6. ‘A Man of Stomach’: Matthew Parker’s Reputation- David J. Crankshaw7. John Whitgift Redivivus: Reconsidering the Reputation of Elizabeth’s Last Archbishop of Canterbury- Felicity Heal8. Anthony Munday: Eloquent Equivocator or Contemptible Turncoat?- Elizabeth Evenden-Kenyon9. Polemic, Memory and Emotion: John Gerard and the Writing of the Counter-Reformation in England- Peter Lake and Michael Questier10. Rehabilitating Robert Persons: Then and Now- Victor Houliston

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Book SynopsisThis pioneering book offers the first account of the work of the photographers, both official and freelance, who contributed to the forging of Mussolini's image. It departs from the practice of using photographs purely for illustration and places them instead at the centre of the analysis. Throughout the 1930s photographs of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini were chosen with much care by the regime. They were deployed to highlight those physical traits - the piercing eyes, protruding jaw, shaved head - that were meant to evoke the Duce's strength, determination and innate sense of leadership in the mind of his contemporaries. The chapters in this volume explore the photographic image in the socio-political context of the time and shows how it was a significant contributor to the development of Italian mass culture between the two world wars.Table of Contents1. IntroductionPart I: Setting the Scene 2. The photograph as a source and agent of history3. Images in politics before MussoliniPart II: Production 4. The image makers of the Duce5. The corporate image: Istituto Luce6. The press-image: photojournalists and agencies7. The aesthetic image: Ghitta CarellPart III: Audiencing 8. The visual presence of the Duce9. Mussolini’s early photographs10. Mussolini’s photogenic charisma11. The emotional appeal12. Marketing Mussolini13. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis book is an anthology of the writings of Jean Jaurès, a central figure of French socialism in the period leading up to World War I, who was born in 1859 and died in 1914, a few days before the outbreak of the conflict. Jaurès is one of the most celebrated politicians in France. His writings in this anthology touch on the subjects dear to him, which are then some of the great political themes of his time. In this book are writings on war and pacifism, on colonialism and anti-colonialism, and on the central themes of socialism of the time, such as reformism and revolution. Despite Jaurès's notoriety in France, he is not well known abroad. This book, a corpus of his emblematic writings, aims, to make Jaurès known to those who do not know him outside of France.Table of ContentsIntroduction1. The Socialist and RepublicanThe Socialism of the French Revolution For DreyfusCollectivism and the PeasantsJaures to his ConstituentsSecular EducationThe general strike and universal workers' suffrageNo Ambiguity2. The Champion of French-German UnityGerman SocialismThe Enduring ProblemGerman controversies Revolutionary GermanyPeace and Socialism (Berlin lecture)3. The Philosopher and the HistorianIdealism and materialism in the conception of historyA Socialist HistoryThe Social Balance-Sheet of the Nineteenth Century4. Internationalism, Peace and the WorldCapitalism and WarFor PeaceIn the OrientAguinaldo and the PhilippinesAgainst the Colonial PolicyRace WarThe European RevolutionThe Renewal Movement in ChinaSpeech by Citizen JauresTurket and MoroccoThe New ArmySpeech on Asian EmancipationSpeech on Turkey and ChinaToo LateOn the Need for Sang-Froid

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Book SynopsisThis book is intended for those in the humanities seeking a legal context for writing about rape in early modern England. It takes the premise that over the past four decades misunderstandings about rape law, and misreadings of rape statutes from medieval to Elizabethan times, have become widely cited in criticism. Helen Barker identifies how this has arisen, and discusses the main sources of confusion – including indissoluble issues around the word ‘ravishment’. Rape law historically encompassed elopement and abduction; this book offers a succinct overview of the law, and draws attention to the wider social context other than gender opposition in which it is often presented. In addition, critics have been tempted to rely on the ostensibly authoritative seventeenth-century treatise, The Lawes Resolutions of Womens Rights, as a legal source. By examining the context of its publication, this book suggests that the treatise is unreliable and can mislead the unwary.Table of Contents1. Critical Context and History.The Critical ContextCriticism and MethodologyHistory2. The Legal Framework.Common Law: Ancient, Medieval, Early ModernSome Sources of ConfusionBibliography3. Statute Law.Rape, Elopement and AbductionRape and Elopement After 1487The Abduction Acts“History cannot be written from the statute books alone”Bibliography4. The Lawes Resolutions Of Womens Rights.AuthorshipFinding a ReadershipLaw Books and the Print TradePublishing The Lawes ResolutionsRape Law, Criticism and The Lawes ResolutionsBibliography5. Conclusion.

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Book Synopsis“This is a tour de force of sophisticated global erudition.” —Filippo de Vivo, University of Oxford, UK“In its wide global range and rich variety of studies, this expertly edited volume provides an unprecedented view into the scribal practices of diverse cultural traditions in the early modern period.” —Johanna Drucker, University of California, Los Angeles, USA“This volume finally gives the colophon the place it deserves. We see scribes and printers at work in Thailand, the Deccan, Delhi, Damascus, Antwerp, and Timbuktu.” —Konrad Hirschler, University of Hamburg, Germany“In this cross-disciplinary endeavor, ten authors tell lively and exciting stories of historical scribal practices.” —Verena Klemm, University of Leipzig, Germany This book is the first to chart the global diversity of colophons between 1400 and 1800. The volume presents a new approach to scribal cultures that expands traditional definitions. Moving from the paradigm of codicological information towards a thorough interpretation of the wider social worlds of colophons in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America, this volume uncovers the fascinating cultural history of early modern scribes. Chapters examine how those engaging in the composition and distribution of colophons shaped scribal identities, group cultures and bookish communities in a world in which manuscripts mattered. Authors build on approaches from anthropology, cultural studies, codicology, history, and philology to offer a new conceptual framework that studies colophons as scribal practices embedded in their changing social and cultural worlds. As a new contribution to the history of the book, this volume’s global approach pushes the boundaries of what constitutes a colophon.Trade Review“This volume is a welcome addition for the growing community of scholars interested in textual materialities and comparative book history. … this review shall point out some critical perspectives from which readers can engage with this innovative and thought-provoking collection.” (Hwisang Cho, Journal of Early Modern History, Vol. 27 (4), 2023)“Scribal practice is a welcome reminder that every part of a written text is potentially significant, and that even little-known texts can open unexpected windows on the past and present.” (Deborah Rudolph, EAPS, East Asian Publishing and Society, Vol. 13, 2023)Table of Contents1. Information, Interpretation, Interaction: Global Cultures of Colophons, c. 1400–1800- Christopher D. Bahl and Stefan Hanß2. A Prosopography in Circulation: Advertising Scribal Travails in Arabic Manuscripts across Early Modern South Asia- Christopher D. Bahl 3. Lines of Loyalties and Early Modern Cultural Diversity: Colophons as Sites of Encounters- Stefan Hanß4. How to Publish a Book in the Fifteenth-Century Middle East: The Case of Ibn Nāṣir al-Dīn’s “Abundant Refutation”- Laurenz Kern 5. Signatures of Authority: Colophons in Seventeenth-Century Melkite Circles in Aleppo- Feras Krimsti 6. The Making of a Local Historian in Timbuktu: The Signed Marginalia Attributed to Maḥmūd Ka‘ti in the Fondo Kati Collection- Susana Molins Lliteras 7. From Scribal Marks to Calligraphic Signatures? Print, Scribe and Script in Early Modern European Writing Manuals- Hannah Murphy 8. Poetry of the Scribes: Versified Colophons and Scribal Identity in Siamese Manuscript Culture- Peera Panarut 9. Muslim Scribal Culture in India around 1800: Toward a Disentangling of the Mughal Library and the Delhi Collection- Nur Sobers-Khan 10. In Absence of a Colophon: Alternative Signing Practices in Arabic Autograph Manuscripts- Torsten Wollina 11. Remembering the Living and the Dead in Fifteenth-Century Armenian Colophons: The Case of Bodleian MS Marsh 438 (I-III)- David Zakarian

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Book SynopsisThis textbook provides an overview of the long reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603), a highly significant female ruler in a time of great change. It offers an accessible yet detailed survey of the events of her life and reign, followed by thematic chapters exploring key aspects of her time in power and the wider context of politics, culture and society in early modern England. Topics covered range from the composition of the queen's Privy Council; the 'Other' in Elizabethan England; assassination attempts; friendship; entertainment; and dreams. Gathering a great deal of cutting-edge and original research from one of the foremost scholars of Elizabeth's reign, this book is an essential companion for students and a crucial reference work for researchers. Table of ContentsPart I. Politics and Religion1. Coronation 2. Privy Council 3. Parliament 4. Archbishops of Canterbury5. Courtships and Favorites6. Potential Heirs to the Throne7. Ambassadors at Elizabeth’s Court8. Assassination Attempts, Plots, and Rebellions9. The Spanish ArmadaPart II. Society and Culture10. Elizabeth's England and Others 11. Mirrors 12. Dreams 13. Women Friends of Queen Elizabeth14. Slander, Gossip, and Rumors15. Elizabeth's Pleasures.

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Book SynopsisThis book uncovers the history of a group of Jewish workers and merchants in the Amsterdam diamond industry during the Holocaust. They and their families were exempt from deportation for a long time, but were eventually deported to Bergen-Belsen. In the end, almost all of the men perished, and the women barely survived slave-labour. Their children were left to die in the camp, but were miraculously saved by the intervention of a Jewish Polish woman, ‘nurse Luba’. The main sources on which this book is based are video testimonies of the surviving members of this group, personal interviews, minutes of interviews taken down in shorthand shortly after the war, and personal documents such as letters, archival documents, and autobiographical books.Table of Contents1. Background and Overview of the History.- 2. Amsterdam, 1940-1943.- 3. Westerbork and Vught.-4. Bergen Belsen.- 5. Sachsenhausen.- 6. Beendorf.- 7. The Children and Nurse Luba.- 8. Liberation.- 9. Picking up Life after the War.- 10. Reunion.- 11. The Complexities of Memory.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines why, on the eve of the pamphlet’s 175th anniversary, the Communist Manifesto left so faint an imprint on Europe’s most revolutionary year of 1848, when it has had such a huge impact on posterity. The Manifesto that year misread bourgeois intentions, put too much faith in the industrial proletariat, too little in peasants, too much emphasis on the German states, and none on England. Marx and Engels preferred in 1848–9 to focus on the middle-class Neue Rheinische Zeitung, declining to galvanise working-class groups whose leadership they had actively sought. They neglected to return swiftly to the German states in their crucial 1848 ‘March days’. The Manifesto’s programme barely overlapped with contemporary campaigners or comparative pamphleteers, or the replacement Demands of the Communist Party in Germany. The book considers the consequences of Marx opting to write the Manifesto alone in January 1848. It also questions the source and significance of the pamphlet’s most memorialised phrase, ‘the spectre of Communism’, whether it was written for the ‘working men of all countries’ addressed in its finale, and whether Marx and Engels regarded the Manifesto as highly in 1848, as they undoubtedly did in later life.Table of Contents1. Manifesto Style and Communism Substance2. Solo Marx, the NRZ as Emerging 1848–49 Focus3. Actual Measures and Missing Levers4. Revolutionary Roles: Classes and ‘Countries’.5. Lingering in Paris, Brussels Preludes6. Engaging with Workers: Mainz, the Communist League, Stephan Born, and the CWA7. Conclusions: Targeting and Priorities

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Book SynopsisThis book analyses the evolution of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and its policies from the Cold War until today. NATO’s future cannot be fully understood without analysing its past: the origins of its structure and goals, and their transformation over time. By exploring NATO’s geopolitical and military role at crucial points throughout history, this edited volume considers the challenges and threats which have faced the alliance, as well as its strengths and weaknesses. It covers highly-debated and unresolved issues such as budgetary burden-sharing and the military transatlantic gap, the enlargement process, and the role of Asia in influencing NATO’s policies. Combining a historical approach with international perspectives, this book is an interdisciplinary read that will appeal to scholars of diplomatic history and international relations.Chapters 1 and 2 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction: NATO in its Seventh Decade: A Reappraisal; Massimo de Leonardis.- Chapter 2. The Historical Roots of the Atlantic Alliance between Values and Interests; Massimo de Leonardis.- Chapter 3. A Troublesome Relationship: The US Grand Strategy, its ‘Free Hand Politics’, and NATO; Gianluca Pastori.- Chapter 4. Russia-NATO-US: From Detente to Impossible Cooperation; Francesco Randazzo.- Chapter 5. The Anglo-American Special Relationship and NATO: The Past and the Present as Indicators of What Might Come Next?; Alan P. Dobson.- Chapter 6. The Role of NATO in European Integration; Luca Ratti and Alessandro Leonardi.- Chapter 7. The Origins of the Post-Cold War NATO Enlargement: Stability Projection and Factor of Crisis; Davide Borsani.- Chapter 8. NATO’s Partnerships in the Mediterranean and the Greater Middle East; Antonio Marquina Barrio.- Chapter 9. NATO and the Impact of the Long War in Afghanistan: Avoiding a Wrong Memory about ISAF; Andrea Carati.- Chapter 10. NATO from the Balkans to Libya: Dynamics and Renewal of a Wilsonian Alliance; Jean-Sylvestre Mongrenier.- Chapter 11. NATO and the Fight against International Terrorism; Kris Quanten.- Chapter 12. How Strong is NATO’s Arm: Commands, Cash, Capabilities and Contributions; Alessandro Marrone.- Chapter 13. Conclusion: NATO Between Mere Survival and Strategic Relaunching; Massimo de Leonardis.

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Book SynopsisThis book shows how the police functioned in the cities of the Napoleonic Empire. Shifting attention away from political repression, it focuses on the men who embodied this institution and made it work day-to-day. Based on extensive archival research, the book shows how the Napoleonic police were indeed an instrument of power, but also a profession and a service to the public. Traditionally associated with the image of Joseph Fouché and with political surveillance, the Napoleonic police, when studied from the local level, thus reveals itself to be much more complex and oriented simultaneously towards both the preservation of the regime and maintaining good urban order.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- 1. The police system in the cities.- 2. The development of a professional culture.- 3. From cities to Empire: ‘imperialization’ of police structures.- 4. Police work and the people.- 5. Policing as a tool for governing and improving the city.- 7. Conclusion.

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This open access book demonstrates that, while occupation has been used to treat the mentally disordered since the early nineteenth century, approaches to its use have varied across different countries and in different time periods. Comparing how occupation was used in French and English mental institutions between 1918 and 1939, one hundred years after the heyday of moral therapy, the book is an essential read for those researching the history of mental health and medicine more generally. It provides an overview of the legislation, management structures and financial conditions that affected mental institutions in France and England, and contributed to their differing responses to the new theories of occupational therapy emerging from the USA and Germany during the interwar period.

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Book SynopsisOf the twelve Augustae who lived during the fifty years of the so-called “military anarchy” (235-284 A.D.), Ulpia Severina, wife of the “Illyrian” emperor Aurelian (270-275 AD), is certainly one of the most enigmatic and less known. The book focuses on Ulpia Severina, who, even though never mentioned by name in literary sources, has been studied almost exclusively from the perspective of the numerous coins issued in her name and is the subject of many interesting honorific inscriptions that had not been thoroughly examined or adequately valued until this study. This exceptional situation, represented by the sole presence of Ulpia Severina on the throne of Rome, deserves more attention than it has received. The pages of the university history textbooks dedicated to the reconstruction of a fifty-year phase of Roman-imperial history must be, if not rewritten, at least integrated in order to give the deserved space to this empress and, therefore, to the so-called “interregnum,” which lasted at least two months, between the death of Aurelian and the advent of emperor Tacitus.Table of Contents1 Literary Sources.1 Aurelian’s Anonymous Uxor.2 Ulpius Crinitus.Bibliography.2 Numismatic Sources.1 The Venèra Hoard.2 The interregnum between Aurelian and Tacitus.Bibliography.3 The Epigraphic Sources.1 The Inscriptions of Ulpia Severina, Coniux Aureliani.2 The Titles of Σεπτιμία Ζηνοβία Σεβαστή.Bibliography.Concluding Remarks.

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Book SynopsisThis Open access book is a collection of essays and offers an in-depth analysis of silence as an aesthetic practice and a textual strategy which paradoxically speaks of the unspoken nature of many inconvenient hidden truths of Irish society in the work of contemporary fiction writers. The study acknowledges Ireland’s history of damaging silences and considers its legacies, but it also underscores how silence can serve as a valuable, even productive, means of expression. From a wide range of critical perspectives, the individual essays address, among other issues, the conspiracies of silence in Catholic Ireland, the silenced structural oppression of Celtic Tiger Ireland, the recovery of silenced stories/voices of the past and their examination in the present, as well as millennial disaffection and the silencing of vulnerability in today’s neoliberal Ireland. The book ’s attention to silence provides a rich vocabulary for understanding what unfolds in the quiet interstices of Irish writing from recent decades. This study also invokes the past to understand the present and, thus, demonstrates the continuities and discontinuities that define how silence operates in Irish culture.Grant FFI2017-84619-P AEI, ERDF, EU (INTRUTHS “Inconvenient Truths: Cultural Practices of Silence in Contemporary Irish Fiction”) Funded by the Spanish Research Agency AEI http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Regional Development Fund ERDF "A Way of Making Europe" Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction: Silences that Speak.- Chapter 2: Conspicuously Silent: The excesses of Religion and Medicine in Emma Donoghue’s historical novels The Wonder and The Pull of the Stars.- Chapter 3: “To Pick up the unsaid, and perhaps unknown, wishes”: Reimagining the “True Stories” of the Past in Evelyn Conlon’s Not the Same Sky.- Chapter 4: “He’s been wanting to say that for a long time”: Varieties of Silence in Colm Tóibín’s Fiction.- Chapter 5: The Irish Short Story and the Aesthetics of Silence.- Chapter 6: Infinite Spaces: Kevin Barry’s Lives of Quiet Desperation.- Chapter 7: The Silencing of Speranza.- Chapter 8: “A self-interested silence”: Silences Identified and Broken in Peter Lennon’s Rocky Road to Dublin (1967).- Chapter 9: Silence in Donal Ryan’s Fiction.- Chapter 10: “Sure, aren’t the church doing their best?” Breaking Consensual Silence in Emer Martin’s The Cruelty Men.- Chapter 11: Unspeakable Injuries and Neoliberal Subjectivities in Sally Rooney’s Conversations with Friends and Normal People.

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In Greek Late Antiquity philosophy defined itself above all through the interpretation of authoritative texts such as Plato’s dialogues or the treatises of Aristotle. This work looks at the last Late Antique commentaries on Aristotle’s Physics, the pagan Simplicius and the Christian Philoponus (both 6th cent. AD). Golitsis demonstrates how differently the two contemporaries interpreted the philosophical tradition and how this led them to deduce different routes to finding the truth.

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Book SynopsisVon Aasgeier bis Zylindervergolder: die dritte Neuauflage von Roland Girtlers Standardwerk zur Gaunersprache.Bei seinen Forschungen in der Welt der Stadtstreicher, Ganoven und Dirnen hörte der Soziologe Roland Girtler seltsame Wörter, die er nicht verstand. Er ging diesen Wörtern nach und fand heraus, dass diese zur alten Gaunersprache, dem Rotwelsch, gehören, die im gesamten deutschsprachigen Raum bis heute verbreitet ist. Das Rotwelsch (rot: mittelhochdeutsch für listig und welsch: falsch reden) ist eine lebende Sprache, die aus langen sprachlichen Traditionen schöpft: Neben mittelhochdeutschen und jiddischen Ausdrücken finden sich Begriffe aus romanischen, slawischen sowie vermehrt aus osteuropäischen Sprachen. Das vorliegende Buch untersucht diese Ausdrücke vor allem aus der Wiener bzw. österreichischen Gaunersprache und stellt sie in Beziehung zum gesamten deutschsprachigen Raum.

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Book SynopsisRoyal women did much more to wield power besides marrying the king and producing the heir. Subverting the dichotomies of public/private and formal/informal that gender public authority as male and informal authority as female, this book examines royal women as agents of influence. With an expansive chronological and geographic scope—from ancient to early modern and covering Egypt, Great Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Asia Minor—these essays trace patterns of influence often disguised by narrower studies of government studies and officials. Contributors highlight the theme of dynastic loyalty by focusing on the roles and actions of individual royal women, examining patterns within dynasties, and considering what factors generated loyalty and disloyalty to a dynasty or individual ruler. Contributors show that whether serving as the font of dynastic authority or playing informal roles of child-bearer, patron, or religious promoter, royal women have been central to the issue of dynastic loyalty throughout the ancient, medieval, and modern eras. Trade Review“It is a valuable contribution to the field and should be read by both scholars and students with an interest in royal studies, queenship, and women in general.” (Estelle Paranque, Royal Studies Journal, Vol. 6 (2), 2019)Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Kings’ Daughters, Sisters, and Wives: Fonts and Conduits of Power and Legitimacy3. From Family to Politics: Queen Apollonis as Agent of Dynastic/Political Loyalty4. Queens and their Children: Dynastic Dis/loyalty in the Hellenistic Period5. On the Alleged Treachery of Julia Domna and Septimius Severus’ Failed Siege of Hatra6. “In Protection of Our Own Interests We Rebel.”7. Prince Pedro: A Case of Dynastic Disloyalty in 15th century Portugal?8. Dynastic Loyalty and the 'Queenships' of Mary Queen of Scots9. Embodied Devotion: The Dynastic and Religious Loyalty of Renée de France (1510-1575)10. Visual Propaganda and Ritual at the Early Stuart Court in England11. Dynastic Loyalty and Allegiances: Ottoman Resilience during the Global Seventeenth Century Crisis12. For Empire or Dynasty? Empress Elisabeth Christine and the Brunswicks13. French Historians’ Loyalty and Disloyalty to French Monarchy between 1815 and 1848

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Book SynopsisThis book traces the development of exorcism in Catholic Christianity from the fourth century to the present day, and seeks to explain why exorcism is still so much in demand. This is the first work in English to trace the development of the liturgy, practice and authorisation of exorcisms in Latin Christianity. The rite of exorcism, and the claim by Roman Catholic priests to be able to drive demons from the possessed, remains an enduring source of popular fascination, but the origins and history of this controversial rite have been little explored. Arguing that belief in the need for exorcism typically re-emerges at periods of crisis for the church, Francis Young explores the shifting boundaries between authorised exorcisms and unauthorised magic throughout Christian history, from Augustine of Hippo to Pope Francis. This book offers the historical background to – and suggests reasons for – the current resurgence of exorcism in the global Catholic Church.Trade Review“A history of exorcism in Catholic Christianity is a valuable contribution to Catholic theological and liturgical history. Because it includes relatively few exorcism narratives, it has less to contribute to the social history of religion. Also, the narratives that do appear do little to capture the drama of these exorcisms, which were theatrical productions in every sense of the word.” (Brian P. Levack, Journal of Ecclesiastical History , Vol. 70 (1), January, 2019)Table of Contents1. Introduction. - 2. Exorcism in the Early Christian West, 300–900. - 3. Exorcism in Crisis: The Middle Ages, 900–1500. - 4. Exorcism in Counter-Reformation Europe. - 5. Catholic Exorcism beyond Catholic Europe. - 6. Exorcism in the Age of Reason. - 7. Exorcism in an Age of Doubt: The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. - 8. The Return of Exorcism

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Book SynopsisA pioneering work in oral history, this book tells the story of the rise and fall of the industrial revolution and the apogee and crisis of the labor movement through an oral history of Terni, a steel town in Central Italy and the seat of the first large industrial enterprise in Italy. This story is told through a combination of stories, songs, myths and memories from over 200 voices of five generations, woven with a wealth of archival material. Trade Review“Biography of an Industrial Town is an ironclad book that is essential reading for everyone interested in oral history, the politics of resistance, and the privileging of the testimonies of narrators.” (William Burns, The Oral History Review, Vol. 46 (2), 2019)Table of ContentsPart I1. Introduction: Speaking, Writing and Remembering2. The Red and the Black: Rebels, Patriots and Outlaws3. How Green Was My Valley: Feudal Landlords and Struggling Peasants4. How Steel Was Forged: The Making of a Working Class5. Rebels: Socialists, Anarchists and the Subversive Tradition6. The Iron Heel, or, We Didn't Have Any Trouble: The Coming of Fascism7. Let Us Now Praise Famous Men: Surviving and Resisting Fascism8. Apocalypse Now: War, Hunger and Mass Destruction9. Red Is the Color: The Gramsci Brigade10. The Best of Times, The Worst of Times: Economic Boom and Industrial Crisis11. Staying Alive: The Rise of Alternative CulturesPart II: Specialty Steel12. David and Goliath: The Town, the Factory and the Strike13. The Workers and the World: Terni Steel in the Age of Globalization14. The Empire Strikes Back: The Town, the Factory and the Strike: Reprise15. A Tale of Two Cities: Death, Survival and Powerlessness in the Neo-Liberal Age16. Epilogue: Working-Class Sublime.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and explores a challenging new approach in book history. It offers a coherent volume of thirteen chapters in the field of early modern book history covering a wide range of topics and it is written by renowned scholars in the field. The rationale and content of this volume will revitalize the theoretical and methodological debate in book history. The book will be of interest to scholars and students in the field of early modern book history as well as in a range of other disciplines. It offers book historians an innovative methodological approach on the life cycle of books in and outside Europe. It is also highly relevant for social-economic and cultural historians because of the focus on the commercial, legal, spatial, material and social aspects of book culture. Scholars that are interested in the history of science, ideas and news will find several chapters dedicated to the production, circulation and consumption of knowledge and news media. Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction - Books and Book History in Motion: Materiality, Sociality and Spaciality; Daniel Bellingradt and Jeroen Salman.- PART I: BEYOND PRODUCTION.- Chapter 2. Promoting the Counter-Reformation in Provincial France; Malcolm Walsby.- Chapter 3. Conrad Gessner and the Mobility of the Book; Paul Nelles.- Chapter 4. Paper Networks and the Book Industry; Daniel Bellingradt.- Chapter 5. Marketing a New Legal Code in Fifteenth Century Castile; Benito Rial Costas.- PART II: BEYOND CIRCULATION.- Chapter 6. Links between Newspapers and Books; Andreas Golob.- Chapter 7. Publishers, Editors, and Artists in the Marketing of News in the Dutch Republic circa 1700; Joop W. Koopmans.- Chapter 8. The Battle of Medical Books; Jeroen Salman.- Chapter 9. What killed Théodore Rilliet de Saussure?; Mark Curran.- PART III: BEYOND CONSUMPTION.- Chapter 10. Reading Strategies in Scotland circa 1750–1820; Vivienne Dunstan.- Chapter 11. Italian Books and French Medical Libraries in the Renaissance; Shanti Graheli.- Chapter 12. Printed in Europe, consumed in Ottoman lands; Geoffrey Roper.- Epilogue: Matter, Sociability and Space; Joad Raymond.

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first study that analyses bilateral commercial treaties as instruments of peace and trade comparatively and over time. The work focuses on commercial treaties as an index of the challenges of eighteenth-century European politics, shaping a new understanding of these challenges and of how they were confronted at the time in theory and diplomatic practice. From the middle of the seventeenth century to the time of the Napoleonic wars bilateral commercial treaties were concluded not only at the end of large-scale wars accompanying peace settlements, but also independently with the aim to prevent or contain war through controlling the balance of trade between states. Commercial treaties were also understood by major political writers across Europe as practical manifestations of the wider intellectual problem of devising a system of interstate trade in which the principles of reciprocity and equality were combined to produce sustainable peaceful economic development. Trade Review“The volume at hand should be celebrated for highlighting their importance for early modern history in general and for political economy more specifically. … this excellent edited volume offers a welcome reminder not only of the high stakes of our current predicaments but also of how long they have been so and why peaceful international order remains so elusive in a world where wealth and power are positional goods.” (Sophus A. Reinert, Journal of Modern History, Issue 9, 2019)Table of Contents1. Trade and Treaties: Balancing the Interstate system; Antonella Alimento & Koen Stapelbroek.- 2. Égalité, réciprocité, souveraineté. The role of commercial treaties in Colbert’s economic policy; Moritz Isenmann.- 3. The Anglo-Portuguese Methuen Treaty of 1703: Opportunities and Constraints of Economic Development; José Luís Cardoso.- 4. The Anglo-French Treaty of Utrecht Revisited: The Politics of Alliance and Rivalry; Doohwan Ahn.- 5. The Anglo-Spanish Asiento treaty in the early eighteenth century; Maria Virginia León & Niccolò Guasti.- 6. Negotiating the balance of power: Russian-Spanish commercial relations in the early eighteenth century; Olga Volosyuk.- 7. Reinventing the Dutch Republic: Franco-Dutch commercial treaties from Ryswick to Vienna; Koen Stapelbroek,- 8. The conditions of trade in wartime: treaties of commerce and maritime law in the eighteenth century; Eric Schnakenbourg.- 9. From privilege to equality: commercial treaties and the French solutions for international competition (1705-1790); Antonella Alimento,- 10 Securing Asian Trade: Treaty Negotiations between the French and English East India Companies, 1753–1755; John Shovlin.- 11. The Rise of a Trading Nation. Prussia and the ‘Convention préliminaire de commerce’ with France (1753); Marco Cavarzere.- 12. War, Neutrality and Commercial Treaties: The Savoyard State 1660-1789; Christopher Storrs.- 13. Negotiating a trade treaty in the imperial context: The Habsburg Monarchy in the eighteenth century; Christine Lebeau.- 14. French Representations of the 1786 Franco-British Commercial Treaty; Pascal Dupuy.- 15 Haiti’s Commercial Treaties: Between Abolition and the Persistence of the Old Regime; Paul Cheney.- 16. What trade for a republican people? French Revolutionary debates about commercial treaties (1792-1799); Marc Belissa.

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Book SynopsisThis book reveals the primary causes of Habsburg defeat both in the Austro-Prussian War and the First World War. The choice of offensive strategy and tactics against an enemy possessing superior weaponry in the Austro-Prussian War, and opponents with superior numbers and weapons in the Great War, resulted in catastrophe. The inferiority of the Habsburg forces in both conflicts stemmed from imprudent spending decisions during peacetime, rather than conservatism or parliamentary stinginess. The desire to restore the sunken prestige of Austria-Hungary and prove Habsburg’s great power status drove the military to waste money on an expensive fleet, and choose offensive tactics to win great victories. This study shows the civil-military interaction in regard to funding and procurement decisions as well as the deep intellectual debates within the army, which refute the idea that the Habsburg military remained opposed to technology or progressTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: The Problems of 1866: Tactics, Weapons, and Money.- Chapter 3:1866-1876: First Steps Towards Progress.- Chapter 4: Success in Bosnia-Hercegovina.- Chapter 5: From Progress to Reversion.- Chapter 6: Financial Shock: Conradian Tactics and Wasteful Spending.- Chapter 7: The Catastrophe of the Offensive.- Conclusion.- Bibliography.- Index

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Book SynopsisThis book explores Belgian state-building through the prism of its army from independence to the First World War. It argues that party-politics, which often ran along geographical, linguistic, and religious lines, prevented both Flemings and Walloons from reconciling their regional identities into a unified concept of Belgian nationalism. Equally, it obstructed the army from satisfactorily preparing to uphold Belgium’s imposed neutrality before 1914. Situated uneasily between the two powerhouses of nineteenth-century Europe, Belgium offers a unique insight into the concepts of citizenship and militarisation in a divided society in the era of fervent nationalism. By examining the composition, experience, and image of the army’s officer corps and rank and file, as well as those of the auxiliary forces, this book shows that although military and civilian society often stood aloof from one another, the army, as a national institution, offered a fleeting glimpse into the dichotomy that was pre-war Belgium.Table of ContentsChapter 1 – Introduction.Chapter 2 – Securing the Nation.Chapter 3 – The Officer Corps.Chapter 4 – The Rank and File.Chapter 5 – The Auxiliary Forces.Chapter 6 – Fortress Policy and Strategy.Chapter 7 – The Great War.Chapter 8 – Conclusion.Index

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisIllustrious turning point – Augsburg as the centre of the German Renaissance. Hans Holbein the Elder and Hans Burgkmair are regarded alongside Albrecht Dürer as the forerunners of Renaissance painting in Germany. The prosperous Imperial and trading city of Augsburg was an important centre during this artistic golden age. By means of high-quality works this volume presents a comprehensive insight into the epochal revolution from the Middle Ages to the modern age. Augsburg was influenced by the humanist culture of Italy from an early stage. Thanks to the art-loving trading houses with international operations like the Fuggers, as well as the long sojourns of Emperor Maximilian I and the frequent Imperial diets, the city offered artists like Holbein the Elder and Burgkmair an ideal setting for the development of a new form of art. Together with the works of Dürer, Holbein the Younger and others, many of their most important works bear witness to the highly fertile and yet contrasting ways in which the two artists adopted the Italian Renaissance.

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Book SynopsisA reconsideration of the Balkan national movements in the context of the European revolutionary crises

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