Ethics and moral philosophy Books

Book SynopsisKumazawa Banzan''s (1619-1691) Responding to the Great Learning (Daigaku wakumon) stands as the first major writing on political economy in early modern Japanese history. John A. Tucker''s translation is the first English rendition of this controversial text to be published in eighty years. The introduction offers an accessible and incisive commentary, including detailed analyses of Banzan''s text within the context of his life, as well as broader historical and intellectual developments in East Asian Confucian thought. Emphasizing parallels between Banzan''s life events, such as his relief efforts in the Okayama domain following devastating flooding, and his later writings advocating compassionate government, environmental initiatives, and projects for growing wealth, Tucker sheds light on Banzan''s main objective of ''governing the realm and bringing peace and prosperity to all below heaven''. In Responding to the Great Learning, Banzan was doing more than writing a philosophical comTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I: 1. The heaven-decreed duty of the people's ruler; 2. The heaven-decreed duty of the people's ministers; 3. Revering good counsel; 4. A grand project for growing wealth; 5. Eliminating anxieties over flooding and relieving droughts; 6. Preparing for northern barbarians, emergencies, and bad harvests; 7. Filling Shogunal coffers with gold, silver, rice, and grain; 8. Eliminating debt from the realm below heaven; 9. Helping Rōnin, vagrants, the unemployed, and the impoverished; 10. Making mountains luxuriant and rivers run deep; Part II: 11. The ebb and flow of the ruler's blessings; 12. Returning to the old farmer-Samurai society; 13. Eliminating landless income and increasing new fiefs; 14. Lowering the cost of foreign silk and textiles; 15. Eliminating Christianity; 16. Reviving Buddhism; 17. Reviving Shintō; 18. Worthy rulers reviving Japan; 19. Governing with education; 20. Those who should teach in our schools ; 21..A little kindness provides benefits; 22. Wasted rice and grain; Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisKumazawa Banzan''s (1619-1691) Responding to the Great Learning (Daigaku wakumon) stands as the first major writing on political economy in early modern Japanese history. John A. Tucker''s translation is the first English rendition of this controversial text to be published in eighty years. The introduction offers an accessible and incisive commentary, including detailed analyses of Banzan''s text within the context of his life, as well as broader historical and intellectual developments in East Asian Confucian thought. Emphasizing parallels between Banzan''s life events, such as his relief efforts in the Okayama domain following devastating flooding, and his later writings advocating compassionate government, environmental initiatives, and projects for growing wealth, Tucker sheds light on Banzan''s main objective of ''governing the realm and bringing peace and prosperity to all below heaven''. In Responding to the Great Learning, Banzan was doing more than writing a philosophical comTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I: 1. The heaven-decreed duty of the people's ruler; 2. The heaven-decreed duty of the people's ministers; 3. Revering good counsel; 4. A grand project for growing wealth; 5. Eliminating anxieties over flooding and relieving droughts; 6. Preparing for northern barbarians, emergencies, and bad harvests; 7. Filling Shogunal coffers with gold, silver, rice, and grain; 8. Eliminating debt from the realm below heaven; 9. Helping Rōnin, vagrants, the unemployed, and the impoverished; 10. Making mountains luxuriant and rivers run deep; Part II: 11. The ebb and flow of the ruler's blessings; 12. Returning to the old farmer-Samurai society; 13. Eliminating landless income and increasing new fiefs; 14. Lowering the cost of foreign silk and textiles; 15. Eliminating Christianity; 16. Reviving Buddhism; 17. Reviving Shintō; 18. Worthy rulers reviving Japan; 19. Governing with education; 20. Those who should teach in our schools ; 21..A little kindness provides benefits; 22. Wasted rice and grain; Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisOur technologies are progressively developing into algorithmic devices that seamlessly interface with digital personhood. This text discusses the ways in which technology is increasingly becoming a part of personhood and the resulting ethical issues. It extends upon the framework for a brain-based cyberpsychology outlined by the author''s earlier book Cyberpsychology and the Brain: The Interaction of Neuroscience and Affective Computing (Cambridge, 2017). Using this framework, Thomas D. Parsons investigates the ethical issues involved in cyberpsychology research and praxes, which emerge in algorithmically coupled people and technologies. The ethical implications of these ideas are important as we consider the cognitive enhancements that can be afforded by our technologies. If people are intimately linked to their technologies, then removing or damaging the technology could be tantamount to a personal attack. On the other hand, algorithmic devices may threaten autonomy and privacy. ThisTrade Review'Thomas D. Parsons has written a must-read primer for anyone working in Cyberpsychology and has to face the complex world of the ethical issues caused by technology. Read this book and learn, from an experienced researcher, how to deal with the complex ethical challenges offered by social media, videogames, and virtual reality.' Giuseppe Riva, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy, and President of the International Association of CyberPsychology, Training, and Rehabilitation (iACToR)'The ethics and privacy implications of using social media, the internet, and emerging technologies are a central concern. This much-needed book develops an ethical approach to cyberpsychological research that is firmly grounded in neuroscience, providing a unique and insightful perspective on this issue.' Andrea Gaggioli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy'This book explores some of the most important, complex, and challenging issues facing humanity today. With this comprehensive yet accessible resource, Thomas D. Parsons leads the way in developing a branch of neuroscientifically informed cyberethics to help scientists and society navigate through a rapidly growing and constantly evolving field.' Brendan Rooney, University College DublinTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Cyberpsychology theory and praxes: Ethical and methodological considerations; 2. Ethical approaches to cyberpsychology; 3. Digital and extended selves in cyberspace; 4. Neuroethics and the future of cyberpsychology; Part II. Ethical Cyberpsychology Research and Interventions with Special Populations: 5. Cyberlearning and ethical considerations for using technology with children; 6. Cyberpsychology, aging, and gerontechnology; 7. Problematic Internet use, online gambling, smartphones, and videogames; 8. Telepsychology and the ethical delivery of eTherapy; Part III. Ethical Issues in Social Media and Internet Research: 9. Social media ethics Section 1: Facebook, Twitter, and Google – oh my!; 10. Social media ethics Section 2: Ethical research with social media; 11. Social media ethics Section 3: Digital Citizenship; Part IV. Applied Ethical Considerations: 12. Virtual reality ethics; 13. Videogames, videogamers, and the ethics of videogame design.

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Book SynopsisThe Skillfulness of Virtue provides a new framework for understanding virtue as a skill, based on psychological research on self-regulation and expertise. Matt Stichter lays the foundations of his argument by bringing together theories of self-regulation and skill acquisition, which he then uses as grounds to discuss virtue development as a process of skill acquisition. This account of virtue as skill has important implications for debates about virtue in both virtue ethics and virtue epistemology. Furthermore, it engages seriously with criticisms of virtue theory that arise in moral psychology, as psychological experiments reveal that there are many obstacles to acting and thinking well, even for those with the best of intentions. Stichter draws on self-regulation strategies and examples of deliberate practice in skill acquisition to show how we can overcome some of these obstacles, and become more skillful in our moral and epistemic virtues.Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Self-regulation and expertise; 2. Moral virtues as skills; 3. Motivation in skill and virtue; 4. Skills and practical wisdom; 5. The situationist critique of virtue.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book-length study of one of the most influential traditions in eighteenth-century Anglophone moral and political thought, ''theological utilitarianism''. Niall O''Flaherty charts its development from its formulation by Anglican disciples of Locke in the 1730s to its culmination in William Paley''s work. Few works of moral and political thought had such a profound impact on political discourse as Paley''s Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy (1785). His arguments were at the forefront of debates about the constitution, the judicial system, slavery and poverty. By placing Paley''s moral thought in the context of theological debate, this book establishes his genuine commitment to a worldly theology and to a programme of human advancement. It thus raises serious doubts about histories which treat the Enlightenment as an entirely secular enterprise, as well as those which see English thought as being markedly out of step with wider European intellectual developmentTrade Review'… an impressive and enriching work.' Gregory Conti, The Review of PoliticsTable of ContentsAcknowledgements; Introduction; Part I. The Early Utilitarians: 1. The development of Lockean moral philosophy; 2. Abraham Tucker and the call for 'moral policy'; Part II. Paley's 'Moral Politics': 3. William Paley's moral thought; 4. 'Taking the pruning knife to the branch': expediency in action; 5. Natural theology as an aid to virtue; Part III. Paley's Politics: 6. Utility and the science of politics; 7. Utility and the constitution; 8. Paley on crimes and punishments; 9. Utility and toleration; Part IV. Property and Poverty: 10. The problem of poverty; 11. From Paley to Malthus: utility and society after 1785; Conclusion; Select bibliography.

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Book SynopsisIn this volume, Mark Douglas offers a new vision of the history of Christian pacifism within the context of a warming world. He narrates this story in a way that recognizes the complexities of the tradition and aligns it with a coherent theological vision, one that shapes the tradition to encompass the new causes and types of wars fought during the Anthropocene. Along the way, Douglas draws from research in historical climatology to recover the overlooked role that climate changes have always played in shaping not only the Christian pacifist tradition but also the movement of traditions through western history. Scholars across a range of disciplines - peace studies, Christian theology and history, environmentalism, and environmental conflict studies - will benefit from this model of critical and charitable engagement with the complex history of Christian pacifism, the resources of which will be important for addressing wars in a warming world.Trade Review'Twenty-first century Christians desperately need to understand our tradition's legacies of pacifism in order to respond thoughtfully to the complex violence of the contemporary world, including environmental degradation. Christian Pacifism for an Environmental Age offers the understanding we need, combining careful historical study with insightful interpretation and contemporary analysis to develop informed and constructive ethics. Scholars and students interested in how to think about Christian responses to violence, how to thoughtfully engage tradition, or how to respond to contemporary challenges have much to learn from this is well-written book!' Kevin O'Brien, Pacific Lutheran University, Washington'… Mark Douglas has written an interesting book that addresses important issues … I can recommend that readers interested in those issues give Christian Pacifism for an Environmental Age a look.' Ted Grimsrud, Reading ReligionTable of ContentsIntroduction: climate, conflict, and the conventional narrative of Christian pacifism; Part I. The Church and Nonviolence Before Constantine: 1. The silences of the second century; 2. Mixed motives and conflicts over conflicts in the second and third centuries; 3. Church, state, and a 'Constantinian fall'; Part II. The Church and Nonviolence after Constantine: 4. Christian pacifism and Constantine; 5. Pacifist interpretations of 1500 years of faith, community, and nonviolence; 6. Pacifisms after 1865; Part III. Re-narrating the History of the Church and Nonviolence: 7. Time and tradition in a theological context; 8. Re-narrating the Christian pacifist tradition.

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Book SynopsisThe revival of Aristotelian virtue ethics can be seen as a response to the modern problem of disenchantment, that is, the perceived loss of meaning in modernity. However, in Virtue and Meaning, David McPherson contends that the dominant approach still embraces an overly disenchanted view. In a wide-ranging discussion, McPherson argues for a more fully re-enchanted perspective that gives better recognition to the meanings by which we live and after which we seek, and to the fact that human beings are the meaning-seeking animal. In doing so, he defends distinctive accounts of the relationship between virtue and happiness, other-regarding demands, and the significance of linking neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics with a view of the meaning of life and a spiritual life where contemplation has a central role. This book will be valuable for philosophers and other readers who are interested in virtue ethics and the perennial question of the meaning of life.Trade Review'This book is strikingly excellent. It is beautifully argued, fair-minded, and a pleasure to read. It is also the most authentically neo-Aristotelian account of ethics and the moral life that I have read. In making a case for a higher, more noble, more meaningful form of life, it deserves to be widely considered, and I would not be surprised if people someday spoke of it alongside works by G.E.M. Anscombe, Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and a few others.' Stephen R. Grimm, Fordham University, New York'Like other animals, human beings live lives that can be flourishing or not so flourishing. But they also quest for meaning in their lives and in their world. McPherson's fine new book is both an exploration of the joins and the gaps between these two aspects of human nature, and also itself an example of that quest.' Sophie-Grace Chappell, The Open University'An original and finely crafted study that takes us way beyond the standard agenda of modern virtue ethics. McPherson persuasively and illuminatingly argues that the human search for fulfilment needs to be understood within a much richer and more resonant framework of objective meaning and value than is allowed for by most contemporary moral philosophers.' John Cottingham, University of Reading, University of Roehampton, London, and Honorary Fellow of St John's College, University of Oxford'This book could be read by undergraduates and seasoned academics alike. McPherson does a good job of summarizing the relevant aspects of contemporary virtue theory such that students unfamiliar with this literature should still be able to follow the argument, but not at the expense of nuance.' Sarah Pawlett Jackson, Religious Studies ReviewTable of ContentsIntroduction: toward re-enchantment; 1. The human form of life; 1.1 Neo-Aristotelian ethical naturalism: the disenchanted version; 1.2 The human difference: rationality; 1.3 The standpoint from within our human form of life: the space of meaning; 1.4 Strong evaluative meaning; 1.5 Going further: the way forward; 2. Virtue, happiness, and meaning; 2.1 The instrumentalist account; 2.2 The constitutive account: strong evaluative version; 2.3 The constitutive account: weak evaluative version; 2.4 Virtue apart from happiness?; 2.5 Virtue, loss, and the meaning of life; 3. Other-regarding concern; 3.1 MacIntyre on other-regarding concern; 3.2 Intrinsic worth: dignity and sanctity; 3.3 Fully amongst us: solidarity with the severely afflicted and other marginalized humans; 3.4 Moral absolutes; 3.5 Spheres of other-regarding concern: universal and particular; 4. Cosmic outlooks; 4.1 Hursthouse's three theses and Williams' challenge; 4.2 Identifying what is noblest and best; 4.3 Against quietism: the need for a moral ontology; 4.4 Rival cosmic outlooks; 4.5 A poker-faced universe?; 5. Homo Religiosus; 5.1 What is spirituality?; 5.2 What kind of naturalism?; 5.3 Human beings as Homo Religiosus; 5.4 The contemplative life; 5.5 Theistic spirituality; 5.6 Objections and replies; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisEach year, millions of people die from poverty-related causes. In this groundbreaking and thought-provoking book, Gwilym David Bluntargues that the only people who will end this injustice are its victims, and that the global poor have the right to resist the causes of poverty. Heexplores how the right of resistance is used to reframe urgent political questions: is illegal immigration a form of resistance? Can transnational social movements, such as the indigenous rights movement, provide the foundations for civil resistance to global poverty? If peaceful resistance fails, is armed struggle justified? Do people living in affluent states have a responsibility to help even if it requires them to break the law? Giving clear historical examples and engaging with fields including philosophy, international law, history, and international political studies, this volume addresses real-world issues from terrorism to activism. It will be important for anyone interested in applied philosophy and gTrade Review'There is no doubt that this is a valuable and original contribution to the literature on global justice and resistance to injustice. It is impressive not only in its philosophical sophistication but also in respect to the large historical and empirical literature on which it draws.' Jon Mandle, State University of New York, Albany'Global Poverty, Injustice, and Resistance is a provocative intervention that offers a fresh perspective on ethical and political questions of real-life import. Blunt's book subverts debates on global poverty and immigration in a way that demands serious attention from scholars interested in these topics and should provoke significant debate.' Elizabeth Kahn, Ethics and International AffairsTable of ContentsIntroduction: an unavoidable gaze; 1. Global poverty, justice, and intransigent non-compliance; 2. The right to resistance; 3. Does global poverty trigger the right to resistance?; 4. Illegal immigration as resistance to global poverty; 5. Transnational social movements, solidarity, and resistance; 6. Redistributive war as resistance; 7. Armed struggle and global poverty; 8. Duties of resistance; Conclusion: an inescapable choice.

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Book SynopsisThere is a growing crisis in scientific research characterized by failures to reproduce experimental results, fraud, lack of innovation, and burn-out. In Science and Christian Ethics, Paul Scherz traces these problems to the drive by governments and business to make scientists into competitive entrepreneurs who use their research results to stimulate economic growth. The result is a competitive environment aimed at commodifying the world. In order to confront this problem of character, Scherz examines the alternative Aristotelian and Stoic models of reforming character, found in the works of Alasdair MacIntyre and Michel Foucault. Against many prominent virtue ethicists, he argues that what individual scientists need is a regime of spiritual exercises, such as those found in Stoicism as it was adopted by Christianity, in order to refocus on the good of truth in the face of institutional pressure. His book illuminates pressing issues in research ethics, moral education, and anthropology.Trade Review'An incisive critique of the contemporary practice of science, a brilliant reconstruction of a Stoic-Christian ethic of moral and spiritual practices, and a compelling argument for reorienting virtue ethics around the question of how to cultivate virtue in the midst of corrupt institutions and practices. This lucid, thoughtful, and engaging book is a landmark contribution to the ethics of science and to Christian virtue ethics.' Gerald McKenny, University of Notre Dame, Indiana'Paul Scherz's fascinating and important book … offers a Christian ethical analysis of the practice of science … I have already begun recommending it to colleagues, doctoral students and scientists with an interest in ethics. It is a valuable contribution to a neglected aspect of the literature on science, theology and ethics. For anyone concerned about the malaise of contemporary science diagnosed by Scherz, it will be troubling and challenging, but essential, reading.' Neil Messer, Studies in Christian Ethics'… an open-minded reader will find a great deal of constructive advice on changing scientific culture that can be appreciated by people of any religion or none.' Paul Scherz, The Heythrop Journal'This book will be of interest to Christian scientists who wish to combine their academic work and Christian discipleship, as well as those interested in professional ethics.' Aaron Klink, Religious Studies ReviewTable of Contents1. The crisis in science; 2. The scientist entrepreneur; 3. Teleology and the craft of science; 4. The practices that shape the entrepreneurial subject; 5. Reshaping the entrepreneurial subject; 6. Acquiring the virtue of truth-speaking in science; 7. Subjectivity, truth, and theological anthropology.

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Book SynopsisOn Philosophy and Philosophers is a volume of unpublished philosophical papers by Richard Rorty, a central figure in late-twentieth-century intellectual debates and a primary force behind the resurgence of American pragmatism. The first collection of new work to appear since his death in 2007, these previously unseen papers advance novel views on metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, philosophical semantics and the social role of philosophy, critically engaging canonical and contemporary figures from Plato and Kant to Kripke and Brandom. This book''s diverse offerings, which include technical essays written for specialists and popular lectures, refine our understanding of Rorty''s perspective and demonstrate the ongoing relevance of the iconoclastic American philosopher''s ground-breaking thought. An introduction by the editors highlights the papers'' original insights and contributions to contemporary debates.Trade Review'The Rorty that emerges from these essays is an ardent but not doctrinaire pragmatist and naturalist, who warns about the political dangers inherent in the idealist and anti-naturalist positions, while also seeing the risks of a headlong rush by philosophers into accepting Locke's vision of the philosopher as a follower, not a leader, a mere 'under-labourer, removing some of the Rubbish,' in the wake of 'the incomparable Mr. Newton.' This volume sets a timely example of how a politically engaged philosopher can put hard won expertise to valuable use.' Daniel C. Dennett'[W]e consistently observe in this collection a rigorous, voracious reader developing and refining his metaphilosophical views via analysis of first-order debates and their hidden assumptions. Rorty still has much to teach us about both these debates and about metaphilosophy itself.' Metascience'… will be of interest to scholars who specialize in Rorty's work, to those invested in the nature and development of neopragmatism, and to any philosophical audience who enjoys bracing, clear, and unique perspectives on a range of philosophical topics-from the interpretation of Kant, to discussions of contemporary metasemantics, to, above all, the nature of philosophy itself.' Matthew Shields, MetascienceTable of ContentsIntroduction. Rorty as a Critical Philosopher Wojciech Małecki and Christopher Voparil; Part I. Early Papers: 1. Philosophy as Ethics; 2. Philosophy as Spectatorship and Participation; 3. Kant as a Critical Philosopher; 4. The Paradox of Definitism; 5. Reductionism; 6. Phenomenology, Linguistic Analysis, and Cartesianism: Comments on Ricoeur; 7. The Incommunicability of 'Felt Qualities'; 8. Kripke on Mind-Body Identity; Part II. Later Papers: 9. Philosophy as Epistemology: Reply to Hacking and Kim; 10. Naturalized Epistemology and Norms: Replies to Goldman and Fodor; 11. The Objectivity of Values; 12. What is Dead in Plato; 13. The Current State of Philosophy in the U.S.; 14. Brandom's Conversationalism: Davidson and Making It Explicit; 15. Bald Naturalism and McDowell's Hylomorphism; 16. Reductionist vs. Neo-Wittgensteinian Semantics; 17. Remarks on Nishida and Nishitani.

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Book SynopsisThe Late Scholastics, writing in Europe in the Baroque and Early Modern periods, discussed a wide variety of moral questions relating to political life in times of both peace and war. Is it ever permissible to bribe voters? Can tax evasion be morally justified? What are the moral duties of artists? Is it acceptable to fight in a war one believes to be unjust? May we surrender innocents to the enemy if it is necessary to save the state? These questions are no less relevant for philosophers and politicians today than they were for late scholastic thinkers. By bringing into play the opinions and arguments of numerous authors, many of them little known or entirely forgotten, this book is the first to provide an in-depth treatment of the dynamic and controversial nature of late scholastic applied moral thinking which demonstrates its richness and diversity.Trade Review'… this clearly written and engaging book can be read with ease and pleasure by anyone … Recommended.’ H. Oberdiek, ChoiceTable of ContentsList of abbreviations; Acknowledgments; Introduction; Part I. Civic Life: 1. The ethics of electoral bribing; 2. The ethics of tax evasion; 3. Keeping out the foreign poor: the city as a private person; 4. The political duty to keep your secrets; 5. Scandal and inexcusable portraits; Part II. War: 6. Conscientious objection in war: from duty to right; 7. Patriotic collaborationism: Demosthenes and Alexander; 8. War and the boundaries of punitive jurisdiction; 9. Justice after victory; Concluding remarks; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisKant''s Critique of Pure Reason, his main work of theoretical philosophy, frequently uses metaphors from law. In this first book-length study in English of Kant''s legal metaphors and their role in the first Critique, Sofie Møller shows that they are central to Kant''s account of reason. Through an analysis of the legal metaphors in their entirety, she demonstrates that Kant conceives of reason as having a structure mirroring that of a legal system in a natural right framework. Her study shows that Kant''s aim is to make cognisers become similar to authorized judges within such a system, by proving the legitimacy of the laws and the conditions under which valid judgments can be pronounced. These elements consolidate her conclusion that reason''s systematicity is legal systematicity.Trade Review'The simplest objection to Kant's Critical project – the claim that reason cannot critique itself – is one that Kant himself not only anticipated but largely answered. Moller shows how Kant's extensive legal metaphors throughout the Critique of Pure Reason form a coherent whole intended to explain the basis of reason's self-critique. She provides the best explanation yet of how Kant defended his critical project, one that also reveals Kant's deep understanding of natural law theory.' Frederick Rauscher, Michigan State University'… offers the reader a detailed and historically rich account of the legal terminology that Kant adopts or references. Møller's book is a wonderful antidote to the sense one sometimes has, even when one reads Kant in the original, that one is still reading a slightly different and distant language.' Kantian Review'Møller's book delivers on many of its central claims and should have considerable influence on those interested in Kant's legal metaphors.' Jessica Tizzard, Journal of the History of PhilosophyTable of ContentsIntroduction; I.1 The cognitive function of metaphors; I.2 Methodological considerations; I.3 The primacy of practical reason and epistemic normativity; I.4 Outline of the book; 1. The critique as the establishment of reason's lawful condition; 1.1 The critique as a review of laws; 1.2 The natural right tradition and the Naturrecht Feyerabend; 1.3 The critique as a lawful solution to conflicts; 1.4 Establishing a rightful condition; 2. The normativity of law; 2.1 Natural right and positive law; 2.2 Laws of nature in the natural sciences; 2.3 A priori laws as objectively valid rules; 2.4 Laws and principles; 2.5 The understanding as prescribing laws to nature; 3. The transcendental deduction and the tradition of legal deductions; 3.1 Quid juris and the transcendental deduction; 3.2 The analogy between concepts and property; 3.3 The transcendental deduction as a legal deduction tracing an origin; 3.4 The tradition of legal deductions; 4. The question of fact and the question of law in judicial imputation and in the transcendental deduction; 4.1 Quid facti and the tracing of an origin; 4.2 Quid facti and the metaphysical deduction; 4.3 The question of fact and the question of law in judicial imputation; 4.4 The transcendental deduction as judicial imputation; 5. The tribunal of reason; 5.1 The critique as tribunal; 5.2 The Antinomies as a legal trial; 5.3 Empirical experience as testimony; 5.4 The reader as judge of the critique; 5.5 The outcome of the critique as verdict; 6. Moral conscience as the practical inner tribunal; 6.1 Conscience as an inner tribunal; 6.2 Self-deception in moral conscience; 6.3 The problem of an erring conscience; 6.4 Parallels between moral conscience and the critique of pure reason; 7. Distinguishing between rightful claims and groundless pretensions; 7.1 Historical background on judicial authority; 7.2 Kant on judicial authority; 7.3 The judicial office in the legal metaphors; 7.4 Authority and validity of judgments and inferences; 8. Epistemic authority as both individual and collectively shared; 8.1 Decrees as the opposite of verdicts; 8.2 Cognitive attitudes; 8.3 Epistemic authority and the thinking self; 8.4 Political aspects of the critique of pure reason; 8.5 The community of cognisers; 9. Systematicity and philosophy as the legislation of reason; 9.1 Other images of systematicity: the organism and the building; 9.2 The legal metaphors as illustrations of systematicity; 9.3 Philosophy as the legislation of human reason; 9.4 Systematicity in the Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic; 9.5 The critique as the science of the laws of pure reason; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisOn Philosophy and Philosophers is a volume of unpublished philosophical papers by Richard Rorty, a central figure in late-twentieth-century intellectual debates and a primary force behind the resurgence of American pragmatism. The first collection of new work to appear since his death in 2007, these previously unseen papers advance novel views on metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, philosophical semantics and the social role of philosophy, critically engaging canonical and contemporary figures from Plato and Kant to Kripke and Brandom. This book''s diverse offerings, which include technical essays written for specialists and popular lectures, refine our understanding of Rorty''s perspective and demonstrate the ongoing relevance of the iconoclastic American philosopher''s ground-breaking thought. An introduction by the editors highlights the papers'' original insights and contributions to contemporary debates.Trade Review'The Rorty that emerges from these essays is an ardent but not doctrinaire pragmatist and naturalist, who warns about the political dangers inherent in the idealist and anti-naturalist positions, while also seeing the risks of a headlong rush by philosophers into accepting Locke's vision of the philosopher as a follower, not a leader, a mere 'under-labourer, removing some of the Rubbish,' in the wake of 'the incomparable Mr. Newton.' This volume sets a timely example of how a politically engaged philosopher can put hard won expertise to valuable use.' Daniel C. Dennett'[W]e consistently observe in this collection a rigorous, voracious reader developing and refining his metaphilosophical views via analysis of first-order debates and their hidden assumptions. Rorty still has much to teach us about both these debates and about metaphilosophy itself.' Metascience'… will be of interest to scholars who specialize in Rorty's work, to those invested in the nature and development of neopragmatism, and to any philosophical audience who enjoys bracing, clear, and unique perspectives on a range of philosophical topics-from the interpretation of Kant, to discussions of contemporary metasemantics, to, above all, the nature of philosophy itself.' Matthew Shields, MetascienceTable of ContentsIntroduction. Rorty as a Critical Philosopher Wojciech Małecki and Christopher Voparil; Part I. Early Papers: 1. Philosophy as Ethics; 2. Philosophy as Spectatorship and Participation; 3. Kant as a Critical Philosopher; 4. The Paradox of Definitism; 5. Reductionism; 6. Phenomenology, Linguistic Analysis, and Cartesianism: Comments on Ricoeur; 7. The Incommunicability of 'Felt Qualities'; 8. Kripke on Mind-Body Identity; Part II. Later Papers: 9. Philosophy as Epistemology: Reply to Hacking and Kim; 10. Naturalized Epistemology and Norms: Replies to Goldman and Fodor; 11. The Objectivity of Values; 12. What is Dead in Plato; 13. The Current State of Philosophy in the U.S.; 14. Brandom's Conversationalism: Davidson and Making It Explicit; 15. Bald Naturalism and McDowell's Hylomorphism; 16. Reductionist vs. Neo-Wittgensteinian Semantics; 17. Remarks on Nishida and Nishitani.

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Book SynopsisThis volume celebrates the centenary of the birth of Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot, Mary Midgley and Iris Murdoch. These four remarkable women were philosophical colleagues in Oxford in the 1940s, and their careers intertwined and overlapped henceforth. The papers in this book are all by prominent philosophers who spoke at the Royal Institute of Philosophy''s annual lecture series from 2018-9. Together they cover the philosophical careers of Anscombe, Foot, Midgley and Murdoch, focusing on their thinking on morality, human nature and action and the place of humanity in the animal and natural world, all areas to which they made notable and distinctive contributions. Connexions are drawn to the thought of Wittgenstein, Aquinas and Aristotle. This book demonstrates the way these four philosophers individually and collectively changed the direction of philosophy in the English speaking world in the mid-twentieth-century and how they continue to influence it one hundred years after theiTable of ContentsPreface Anthony O'Hear; 1. The women are up to something Benjamin J. B. Lipscomb; 2. A philosopher of singular style and multiple modes John Haldane; 3. Revisiting Modern Moral Philosophy Jennifer A. Frey; 4. Anscombe on brute facts and human affairs Rachael Wiseman; 5. Aristotelian Necessity Candace Vogler; 6. Volunteers and conscripts: Philippa Foot and the amoralist Nakul Krishna; 7. Virtues as perfections of human powers: on the metaphysics of goodness in Aristotelian naturalism John Hacker-Wright; 8. Depicting human form Clare Mac Cumhaill; 9. Love and unselfing in Iris Murdoch Julia Driver; 10. The elusiveness of the ethical: from Murdoch to Diamond Sabina Lovibond; 11. Iris Murdoch and common sense or, what is it like to be a woman in philosophy Hannah Marije Altorf; 12. Philosophical plumbing in the twenty-first century Liz McKinnell; 13. Relationality in the thought of Mary Midgley Gregory S. McElwain; 14. 'Removing the barriers': Mary Midgley on concern for animals David E. Cooper; 15. Evolution as a religion: Mary Midgley's hopes and fears Anthony O'Hear.

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Book SynopsisThe environmental crisis creates an unprecedented moral predicament: how to be a good person when our collective and individual actions contribute to immeasurable devastation and suffering. Drawing on an extraordinary range of sources from philosophy, political theory, global religion, ecology, and contemporary spirituality, Roger S. Gottlieb explores the ethical ambiguities, challenges, and opportunities we face. Engagingly written, intellectually rigorous, and forcefully argued, this volume investigates the moral value of nature; the possibility of an ''ecological'' democracy; how we treat animals; the demands and limits of individual responsibility and collective political change; contemporary ambiguities of rationality; and how to face environmental despair. In Morality and the Environmental Crisis, Gottlieb combines compassion for the difficulties of contemporary moral life with an unflinching ethical commitment to awareness and action.Trade Review'The wisdom of a lifetime of reflection on all the basic issues that intersect morality and the environment. This is the best - and most constructive - work I have read.' Larry Rasmussen, Union Theological Seminary'In this wise and beautiful book, Gottlieb explains how the environmental crisis constitutes a moral crisis. We have lost our way - in terms of knowing how to treat the world, be engaged citizens, and pursue meaningful lives. Gottlieb helps us navigate our confusion by inviting us to expand our understanding, compassion, and humanity. This is a generous, gem of a book.' Paul Wapner, American University, Washington, DC'Roger S. Gottlieb is one of the most significant public intellectuals of our time … [and brings] his philosophical, psychological, and spiritual wisdom to confront the way we think about the earth and each other. Gottlieb has produced a book that everyone who cares about the future of the life on Earth should be reading!' Michael Lerner, Editor of Tikkun'… inspiring, well researched and written … Gottlieb elaborates well-reasoned and impassioned appeals to stimulate moral choices that would concurrently overcome despair and generate hope. The envisioned outcome is achieving the greater common good on Earth. Very highly recommended.' John Hart, Boston University'In this insightful volume, Roger S. Gottlieb surveys the ecological crisis and our rabid exploitation of creation, not as potential threat but as immediate reality. With prophetic vision, he links that reality and its necessary remedy with a profound moral imperative, and a spirituality not as glib sentimentality but as hopeful necessity.' Bill J. Leonard, Wake Forest University, North Carolina'The environmental crisis is so wicked a problem that it has become hard, even impossible, to be morally good. Escalating our demands and vast powers, Homo sapiens, the wise species, has put the wonderland planet in deep jeopardy. Gottlieb probes these hopelessly entangled benefits and costs with frightening insight - daring radical revision of civilization.' Holmes Rolston, III, University Distinguished Professor and Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus, Colorado State University'Readers of Morality and the Environmental Crisis will benefit from exploring these questions in the company of an experienced guide with a fine and empathetic mind. Gottlieb is well versed in practical environmental issues, contemporary environmental philosophy, and Jewish and other faith traditions, including non-western ones.' Tikkun'A philosophical overview of the choices that will shape our grandchildren's' lives. … This book is a call to repair the natural world by repairing ourselves and our communities: through the re-integration of mind and body, self and other, human and nature, feeling and thinking - as well as the integration of the realm of philosophical analysis with the realm in which the farmer tills his fields. … This comprehensive work not only analyses philosophies of right action, but definitions of nature and human nature, and the epistemology that informs our choices.' Ethics and the Environment'Gottlieb has done a superb job in this book, drawing upon his long experience and wisdom to bring together multiple enlightening reflections, traditions and arguments while attending to the practical and emotional problems and strains of being an environmentalist in our beleaguered times. Recommended.' Piers H. G. Stephens, Environmental ValuesTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Environmental crisis and moral life; 2. Why does nature matter? Paths to an environmental ethic; 3. The spirit of ecological democracy; 4. Can we talk? Understanding the 'other side' in the animal rights debates; 5. Where do we draw the line? Limits and virtues; 6. Guilt and responsibility; 7. Changing the world: a moral primer on environmental political activism; 8. Dilemmas of reason; 9. Despair; 10. Futures.

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Book SynopsisAn essential book for all those who conduct animal-based research or are involved in education and training, as well as regulators, supporters, and opponents alike. This fully updated third edition includes discussion of genetically altered animals and associated welfare and ethical issues that surround the breeding programmes in animal based research. The book discusses the origins of vivisection, the advances in human and non-human welfare made possible by animal experimentation, moral objections, and alternatives to the use of animals in research. It also examines the regulatory umbrella under which experiments are conducted in Europe, USA and Australasia. The author highlights the future responsibilities of researchers who will be working with animals, and offers practical advice on experimental design, literature search, consultation with colleagues, and the importance of the ongoing search for alternatives.Trade Review'Animal Experimentation: A Guide to the Issues provides a succinct, accessible, and balanced introduction to the controversy surrounding the use of animals in scientific research, product testing, and education. The latest edition brings the guide up-to-date on a host of developments with respect to legislation, alternative methods, and other topics. The guide's coverage of relevant issues is international in scope, so readers outside of the author's home country (Australia) should not feel ignored. This introduction is especially suited to students planning to begin careers in the biological sciences, including as researchers, veterinarians, teachers, regulators, or administrators.' Martin Stephens, Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal TestingTable of Contents1. Issues in animal experimentation; 2. A history of animal experimentation; 3. Opposition to animal experimentation; 4. The moral status of animals; 5. Animal use; 6. The regulation of experiments; 7. Seeking alternatives; 8. A future without animal experimentation?

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Book SynopsisSince time immemorial, people have preached the necessity to live by the tenets of honesty, compassion and decency-that integrity is the only foundation upon which true life itself is built. But no matter how well Man has intuitively known this, none could point the way to achieve it. Is it any wonder, then, that the very subject of ethics has become either what one can get away with or what's good for oneself alone?One can't live in a world where ethics itself is a charade and where justice has become a mockery of civilization. Here, then, is a brand-new look, a way for an individual to pull oneself up, for a society to reverse its downward slide, for Man to ascend to the heights of a dreamed-for destiny. For contained in this book are the breakthroughs that bring understanding to the subjects of right and wrong, good and bad, death and survival.

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Book SynopsisSo far, little effort has been devoted to developing practical approaches on how to develop and deploy AI systems that meet certain standards and principles. This is despite the importance of principles such as privacy, fairness, and social equality taking centre stage in discussions around AI. However, for an organization, failing to meet those standards can give rise to significant lost opportunities. It may further lead to an organization''s demise, as the example of Cambridge Analytica demonstrates. It is, however, possible to pursue a practical approach for the design, development, and deployment of sustainable AI systems that incorporates both business and human values and principles.This book discusses the concept of sustainability in the context of artificial intelligence. In order to help businesses achieve this objective, the author introduces the sustainable artificial intelligence framework (SAIF), designed as a reference guide in the development and deployment Table of Contents● Chapter 1: AI in our Society● Chapter goal: Reviews the place of AI within our society, discuss the various challenges that it AI faces, and introduces the foundational concepts of our sustainable AI framework ○ 1.1 The Need for Artificial Intelligence○ 1.2 Challenges of Artificial Intelligence○ 1.3 Sustainable Artificial Intelligence● Chapter 2 Ethics of the Data Science Practice● Chapter goal: Reviews the human factor pillar of artificial intelligence, the relevance of ethics in AI and the source of ethical hazards in AI ○ 2.1 Introduction○ 2.2 Ethics and their relevance to AI○ 2.3 Ethical nature of AI inferencing capability○ 2.4 Data – The business asset○ 2.5 AI regulatory outlook○ 2.6 Conclusion● Chapter 3 Overview of the Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Framework (SAIF)● Chapter goal: Summarises the SAIF framework for the development and deployment of AI applications● Chapter 4 Intra-organizational understanding of AI: Towards Transparency● Chapter goal: Discusses the need for understanding AI at the organization’s level and introduces concepts of AI governance○ 4.1 Introduction○ 4.2 Data Science Development Process○ 4.3 AI development process Controls○ 4.4 Governance■ 4.4.1 Expectations from AI governance■ 4.4.2 People and Values■ 4.4.3 Assessment of AI governance arrangements○ 4.5 Conclusion● Chapter 5 AI Performance Measurement: Think business values and objectives● Chapter goal: Summarises performance metrics for evaluating AI systems and introduces a framework to account for the human factor of AI○ 5.1 Introduction○ 5.2 AI performance metrics overview■ 5.2.1 Supervised problems ■ 5.2.2 Unsupervised problems ○ 5.3 Beyond traditional AI performance metrics■ 5.3.1 Soft performance metrics■ 5.3.2 From AI performance metrics to business objectives○ 5.4 Conclusion● Chapter 6 SAIF in Action● Chapter goal: This chapter illustrates how SAIF would work in practice through use cases ● Chapter 7 Alternatives avenues for regulating AI systems● Chapter goal: Draws from experiences in academic, Telecom/Utility, and healthcare sectors to explore and examine the need for industry specific regulations.● Chapter 8 AI decision-making – from expectations to reality: The use case of healthcare● Chapter goal: Explores the use of artificial intelligence in the healthcare, its practical limitations an implications ● Chapter 9 Conclusions and discussion● Chapter goal: Presents concluding remarks and discuss current lack of standards ○ 9.1 Conclusions○ 9.2 Need for standards and definitions

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Book SynopsisRobert Hannas The Rational Human Condition is a five-volume book series, including: Volume 1. Preface and General Introduction, Supplementary Essays, and General Bibliography Volume 2. Deep Freedom and Real Persons: A Study in Metaphysics Volume 3. Kantian Ethics and Human Existence: A Study in Moral Philosophy Volume 4. Kant, Agnosticism, and Anarchism: A Theological-Political Treatise Volume 5. Cognition, Content, and the A Priori: A Study in the Philosophy of Mind and Knowledge The fifth volume in the series, Cognition, Content, and the A Priori, was published by Oxford University Press in 2015. So, with the present publication of the first four volumes in the series by Nova Science in 2019, all five volumes of The Rational Human Condition are now available in hard-copy and as e-books. All five books share a common aim, which is to work out a true general theory of human rationality in a thoroughly nonideal natural and social world. This philosophical enterprise is what Hanna calls rational anthropology. In the eleventh and most famous of his Theses on Feuerbach, Marx wrote that philosophers have only interpreted the world in different ways; the point is to change it. Hanna completely agrees with Marx that the ultimate aim of philosophy is to change the world, not merely interpret it. So, Marx and Hanna are both philosophical liberationists: that is, they both believe that philosophy should have radical political implications. But, beyond Marx, Hanna also thinks that the primary aim of philosophy (understood as rational anthropology) and its practices of synoptic reflection, writing, teaching, and public conversation is to change lives for the betterand ultimately, for the sake of the highest good. Then, and only then, can the human race act upon the world in the right way. The four volumes of The Rational Human Condition will therefore appeal not only to philosophers, but also to any other philosophically-minded person interested in the intellectual and practical adventure of synoptic, reflective thinking about the nature of our rational, but still ineluctably human, all-too-human lives.

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Book SynopsisThis 2 part book, originally published in 1890, was written to help students of morals comprehend the significance of morals. The questions with which an historian of morals is chiefly concerned are the changes that have taken place in the moral standard and in the moral type, the degrees in which, in different ages, recognised virtues have been enjoined and practiced and the relative importance that in different ages has been attached to different virtues.

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Book SynopsisThis two volume book, originally published in 1890, was written to help students of morals comprehend the significance of morals. The questions with which an historian of morals is chiefly concerned are the changes that have taken place in the moral standard and in the moral type, the degrees in which, in different ages, recognised virtues have been enjoined and practiced and the relative importance that in different ages has been attached to different virtues.

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Book SynopsisFor over twenty centuries, from ancient Greece the ideal of natural law has been appealed to in Western moral and legal philosophy as a grounding for ethics and jurisprudence, centered on capacities of a common human nature. From the early medieval advent of Christendom, it was embedded within theistic and religious systems for over a millennium, during which time it was treated as incomplete and part of an enveloping divine law of ethics. Modern agnosticism in theology, religion, and metaphysics then saw natural law unhitched from these associations, but it is still suspect due to its lingering ties with these disciplines and practices. It endured through its meta-ethical capacity to integrate changes in science with ethics via its central notion of wellbeing as the perfection of human nature, via access to the highest good, however variously understood. Today, nature and human natures wellbeing, are both endangered. Ecological destruction arising from unbridled growth, industrial pollution, nuclear weapons and mass population displacement though poverty and wars threaten humanity. But in terms of the meta-ethics of wellbeing, both the humanist normative ethics of natural law, and some of its enveloping theistic and religious divine law addenda, can be invoked to address such evils. The book aims to reinvigorate natural law as a unifying ethical organon for this purpose, showing that it can dialogue with its enveloping divine law overlays constructively, uncovering its points of essential unity with them, and generating some unified solutions to the global threats mentioned, like poverty. These are largely due to global injustices like tax evasion, the arms trade, and political corruption, which are better prevented by cooperatively agreed and enforced global ideals, norms, and laws, based on natural and divine law, grounding international laws rather than appealing to national norms and laws alone.

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Book SynopsisWe live in a time when trust in leaders at all levels of society has declined, when students at colleges and universities openly acknowledge that they cheat, and when the reputations of even the most admired leaders have been sullied by misconduct. It is a time when the future of tomorrow's generation appears to be growing dimmer and those who have passed on burdens that will have to be borne have clearly neglected their moral responsibilities. Fixing the blame is far less important than fixing the problem. The root cause of today's concerns and tomorrow's future lies in the failure of those who claimed to be trusted leaders to demonstrate personal integrity. This book introduces the concept of "moral identity" as a metric for leaders and organisations of all types to re-examine their moral responsibility. We suggest that moral identity provides a compass for leaders and organisations to adopt in rethinking their obligations to themselves, to their associates, to their customers, to society, and to future generations. The book includes a metric for personal self-assessment, for guiding individuals and organisations, and for establishing a standard for evaluating those who aspire to lead. This book takes a harsh look at the failings of leaders and provides a meaningful resource to those who are willing to lead society to rethink its future.Table of ContentsPreface; Moral Identity in an Uncertain World; Moral Identity and Finding Your Voice; Moral Identity and Core Beliefs; Moral Identity and Letting Go of the Past; Moral Identity and Self-Assessment: Developing an Assessment Instrument; Moral Identity and Self-Betrayal; Moral Identity and the Power of Repentance; Moral Identity and Transformative Ethics; Moral Identity and the Search for Transcendence; Index.

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Book SynopsisInternational law makes it explicit that states shall not intervene militarily or otherwise in the affairs of other states; it is a central principle of the charter of the United Nations. But international law also provides an exception; when a conflict within a state poses a threat to international peace, military intervention by the UN may be warranted. (Indeed, the UN Charter provides for an international police force, though nothing has ever come of this provision). The Charter and other UN documents also assert that human rights are to be protected—but in the past the responsibility for the protection of human rights has for the most part been allowed to rest on the government of the state where the violation of rights occurs. Not surprisingly in this context, the question of what protection (if any) should be provided by the UN or otherwise to individuals when their human rights are violated by their governments or with the complicity of their governments remains a contentious issue. Should the principle of respect for state sovereignty trump the principle of respect for human rights? Historically it has been allowed to do so, but recently it has been more and more widely argued that when states fail to respect the human rights of their citizens (or of others who reside within their boundaries), they may be held accountable for their actions. Is military humanitarian intervention justifiable? And if so, under what circumstances? Those are the questions addressed in this collection of essays.The focus of the volume is on the abstract principles involved; though reference is sometimes made to specific cases, the essays here consist primarily of philosophical reflection on the abstract issues. (A companion volume on the specific issues surrounding a particular case, Lessons of Kosovo, is being published simultaneously.)Table of ContentsPreface, Aleksandar JokicIntroduction, Burleigh Wilkins1 War, Revolution, and Humanitarian Intervention, Anthony Ellis2 Humanitarian Intervention: Some Doubts, Burleigh Wilkins3 Foreign Armed Intervention: Between Justified Aid and Illegal Violence, Jovan Babic4 Humanitarian Intervention and Moral Theory, Michael Philips5 Preempting Humanitarian Interventions, Thomas Pogge6 Humanitarian Intervention and International Law, Alfred P. Rubin7 From Nuremberg to Kosovo: The Morality of Illegal International Legal Reform, Allen BuchananContributors

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Book SynopsisKant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, first published in 1785, is still one of the most widely read and influential works of moral philosophy. This Broadview edition combines a newly revised version of T.K. Abbott's respected translation with material crucial for placing the Groundwork in the context of Kant's broader moral thought. A varied selection of other ethical writings by Kant on subjects including our moral duties, fundamental principles of justice, the concept of happiness, and the relation of morality to religion are included, along with important criticisms of Kant's ethics by Fichte, Schiller, Hegel, and Sidgwick.Trade Review“Lara Denis’s subtle updating of Thomas Abbott’s classical translation of Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals may be the best for both students and general readers. Her clear and concise introduction highlights Kant’s central claims and arguments while pointing the reader to the best of contemporary Kant scholarship. Her judicious selection of materials from Kant’s other major works in moral and political philosophy—touching upon Kant’s theory of the highest good, his conception of the possibility of evil as part and parcel of the possibility of freedom, his humane conception of virtue and the virtues, and much more—provide even the first-time reader with precisely the context that is necessary in order to avoid misunderstanding the Groundwork. As an added bonus, Denis includes key responses to Kant from Fichte, Schiller, and Hegel as well as Henry Sidgwick’s 1888 critique of ‘The Kantian Conception of Free Will,’ perhaps the single most important article on Kant’s ethics ever written. All in all, this volume is a brilliant introduction to one of the greatest works in the history of Western philosophy.” — Paul Guyer, University of Pennsylvania“This is an outstanding new edition of Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Two main features make it an invaluable introduction to Kant’s moral philosophy. The first is the appendices, which include carefully selected excerpts from Kant’s other works in moral philosophy and classic criticisms of Kant’s ideas by his contemporaries and other philosophers. The second exemplary feature of this edition is Lara Denis’s concise, careful, accessible yet rigourous introduction. This edition aims to remove barriers to understanding and appreciating Kant’s Groundwork; if I had to choose an ideal edition to set for courses on Kant, it would certainly be this one.” — Lucy Allais, University of SussexTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsIntroductionImmanuel Kant: A Brief ChronologyA Note on the TextGroundwork for the Metaphysics of MoralsPrefaceFirst Section:Transition from the Common Rational Moral Cognition to the Philosophical Moral CognitionSecond Section:Transition from Popular Moral Philosophy to the Metaphysics of MoralsThird Section:Transition from the Metaphysics of Morals to the Critique of Pure Practical ReasonAppendix A: Immanuel Kant, “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?” (1784)Appendix B: From Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason (1788)Appendix C: From Immanuel Kant, “On the Common Saying: ‘This May Be True in Theory, but It Does Not Apply in Practice’” (1793)Appendix D: From Immanuel Kant, Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone (1793, 1794)Appendix E: From Immanuel Kant, Metaphysics of Morals (1797)Appendix F: From a Letter from Johann Gottlieb Fichte to Karl Leonhard Reinhold (1795)Appendix G: From Friedrich von Schiller and Wolfgang von Goethe, Xenian (1796)Appendix H: From Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Lectures on the History of Philosophy (1831)Appendix I: From Henry Sidgwick, The Methods of Ethics (1907)Suggested ReadingIndex

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Book SynopsisShortlisted for 2004 Saskatchewan Book Award: Best Scholarly WritingWhat is a hypocrite? What role does hypocrisy play in our lives? Why is it thought to be such an ugly vice? Is it ever acceptable? What do we lose in our indifference to it?Hypocrisy: Ethical Investigations seeks to illuminate the concept of hypocrisy by exploring its multiple roles in our moral and political lives and struggles. The authors provide a critical examination of a wide range of perspectives on the nature, varieties, and significance of hypocrisy, arguing that it is a key concept in the investigation of the field of morality in general, including its moralizing excesses.Trade Review“The pervasiveness and power of the charge of hypocrisy make it one of the most shared concepts in both historical and contemporary moral experience. At the same time hypocrisy has been a surprisingly unattended and underdeveloped area of moral discourse. With one thoughtful and thorough treatise Szabados and Soifer have not only wonderfully remedied a very serious shortcoming within moral philosophy, but they have produced the seminal work on what promises to be a fresh and important discussion in ethical theory and applied ethics alike.” ― Michael Nelson, University of Idaho“Szabados and Soifer are to be congratulated for a fine intellectual collaboration. They proceed with clarity, gentleness and an admirably unhurried and untechnical use of argument and observation. It is a joy to find moral seriousness and the enjoyment of intellectual pursuits so harmoniously combined.” ― Terence Penelhum, University of Calgary“I have read Hypocrisy with much pleasure and enlightenment. In an age dominated by ‘spin,’ a sane and subtle account of hypocrisy is much needed. One emerges from the book with a deeper appreciation of the authentic moral life, of its challenges and its rewards.” ― Roger Shiner, Okanagan University College“A pleasure to read, this book will engage nonprofessional philosophers while also offering insights to philosophers.” ― M.A. Michael, Austin Peay State UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsIntroductionPART I: ORIGINS, METHOD, AND CASES Historical Sketch of a Concept Remarks on Method A Catalogue of Cases PART II: MORAL THEORY Virtue Ethics: Hypocrisy After Aristotle Consequentialism and Hypocrisy Kant and Hypocrisy Egoism and Hypocrisy PART III: PRIVACY, TOLERANCE, AND SOCIAL JUSTICE Politics and Hypocrisy Privacy and Hypocrisy Tolerance and Hypocrisy Double Standards and Equality PART IV: DECEPTION: ASPECTS AND ROLES Hypocrisy and Deception Self-Deceptive Hypocrisies: The Complacent, the Self-Righteous, and the Cynical Hypocrisy, Change of Mind, and Weakness of Will PART V: IRONY, HYPOCRISY, AND SOCRATES Irony and Hypocrisy The Complex Figure of Socrates Socrates, Style, and Us Concluding ReflectionsSelect BibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisPhilosophical Conversations is a light, informal, and contemporary introduction to the study of philosophy. Using a dialogue format, Robert M. Martin delves into the traditional questions of philosophy in a manner that readers will find engaging.These substantive yet entertaining conversations emphasize that philosophical questions are contested and open-ended. The characters in each dialogue advocate different answers to questions on religion, ethics, personal identity, and other topics equitably and without naming any clear winners. Philosophic positions are presented with maximum clarity and persuasiveness, so that readers can appreciate all sides of an issue and make their own choices. An excellent tool for newcomers to philosophy, Philosophical Conversations provides the necessary background for further study while vividly portraying the back-and-forth argument that is essential to the philosophical method.Trade Review“Robert M. Martin’s book will be invaluable for undergraduate teaching. The dialogues present a wide range of philosophical debates clearly and interestingly, quickly clearing up common but uninteresting mistakes, while exploring the issues and leaving them open for further discussion.” — Peter J. King, Pembroke College, Oxford University“An excellent introduction to philosophy. Packed with key ideas and theories; clear and engaging; well-organised. Its conversations succeed as conceptual interplay, showing how philosophical debates arise and develop.” — Stephen Hetherington, University of New South Wales“The best new introductory philosophy text in decades! It covers the central issues in both analytic and continental philosophy, presenting arguments and counter-arguments so that readers can see why philosophic debate can be so thrilling.” — Sheldon Wein, St. Mary’s UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsIntroduction Philosophy How to Study Philosophy Arguments Notes on “Suggested Readings” Sections Conversation I: Philosophy of ReligionParticipants: RATIONALIST · ATHEIST · COSMOLOGIST · BIOLOGIST · PRAGMATIST · PSYCHOLOGIST · FIDEIST · SYMBOLIST · MYSTIC The First-Cause Argument The Argument from Design The Ontological Argument The Argument from Morality The Pragmatic Argument Pascal’s Wager The Burden of Proof The Argument from History The Argument from Psychology The Argument from the Existence of Evil Life After Death Fideism Symbolism MysticismSuggested Readings Conversation II: Social PhilosophyParticipants: SCEPTIC · LEGALIST · CONTRACTARIAN · MORALIST · BIOLOGIST · COMMUNITARIAN · INDIVIDUALIST · COMMUNIST · LIBERTARIAN · INTERVENTIONIST · FEMINIST · EGALITARIAN The Question The Tragedy of the Commons and the Prisoner’s Dilemma The Social Contract Enforcement of the Contract A Moral Answer A Biological Answer Communitarianism Communism Socialism, Fascism, Nazism Libertarianism Interventionism Equality JusticeSuggested Readings Conversation III: EthicsParticipants: SCEPTIC · UTILITARIAN · DEONTOLOGIST · RIGHTS-THEORIST · KANTIAN · SUBJECTIVIST · RELATIVIST A Question Hedonism Utilitarianism Objections to Utilitarianism Doing and Not Doing Admiral Byng Rights Using People The Categorical Imperative The Motivation Question Ethical Knowledge Ethical Subjectivism The Weirdness of Ethical Characteristics RelativismSuggested Readings Conversation IV: Mind and BodyParticipants: SCEPTIC · DUALIST · IDENTITY THEORIST · ELIMINATIVIST · BEHAVIOURIST Materialism The Science Argument Is Dualism Obvious? The Differences Between the Mental and the Physical Introspection and Infallibility Recognizing the Mental vs. Recognizing the Physical Interaction Eliminative Materialism The Problem of Other Minds Behaviourism Could a Machine Think? Instinct and Learning; Unpredictability Creativity The Turing Test Deep Blue and the Sphex Wasp The Chinese RoomSuggested Readings Conversation V: Determinism, Free Will, and PunishmentParticipants: IDENTITY THEORIST · SCEPTIC · DETERMINIST · FATALIST · MATHEMATICIAN · PHYSICIST · INDETERMINIST · HARD DETERMINIST · SOFT DETERMINIST · UTILITARIAN · RETRIBUTIVIST · PSYCHOLOGIST Determinism Cause Fatalism Predictability Is there Evidence for Determinism? Quantum Indeterminacy Free Will The Incompatibility of Responsibility and Determinism Soft Determinism The Function of Praise and Blame Randomness and Freedom Utilitarian Justifications of Punishment RetributivismSuggested Readings Conversation VI: KnowledgeParticipants: SCEPTIC · DEFINER · CARTESIAN · FALLIBILIST · EMPIRICIST · RATIONALIST The Definition of ‘Knowledge’ Certainty and Fallibility Certainty and Probability Probable Beliefs and the Lottery Paradox Gettier Problems Empiricism and Rationalism: Concepts Innateness and Language Empiricism and Rationalism: Judgements Analytic and Synthetic Judgements Synthetic A Priori Judgements Scepticism: Perception The Brain in the Vat Scepticism: The Five-Minute Hypothesis Scepticism: The Problem of InductionSuggested Readings Conversation VII: Identity; MeaningParticipants: SCEPTIC · CARTESIAN · EMPIRICIST · RATIONALIST · ANTIREALIST · INTERNALIST · REFERENTIALIST · SPEECH-ACT THEORIST Life After Death Again Continuing Mental Substance Criticisms of the Substance Theories The Mysterious Boat Relationism Some Strange Cases The Real Route 22 Meaning Empiricism Meaning Internalism Meaning as Reference Meaning as Use Meanings and Intentions Meanings and ConventionsSuggested Readings Epilogue: Quotations from Bertrand RussellGlossary Workbook

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Book SynopsisNow available in three thematic volumes, the second edition of Moral Issues in Global Perspective is a collection of the newest and best articles on current moral issues by moral and political theorists from around the globe. Each volume seeks to challenge the standard approaches to morality and moral issues shaped by Western liberal theory and to extend the inquiry beyond the context of North America. Covering a broad range of issues and arguments, this collection includes critiques of traditional liberal accounts of rights, justice, and moral values, while raising questions about the treatment of disadvantaged groups within and across societies affected by globalization. Providing new perspectives on issues such as war and terrorism, reproduction, euthanasia, censorship, and the environment, each volume of Moral Issues in Global Perspective incorporates work by race, class, feminist, and disability theorists.Moral and Political Theory, the first of the three volumes, surveys a number of traditional Western liberal approaches to moral theory, human rights, justice, and democracy, as well as contemporary critiques of these approaches. With nineteen new essays, three of which were written especially for this edition, this volume covers the necessary theories for understanding moral issues in a global context.Moral Issues in Global Perspective is available in three separate volumes― Moral and Political Theory, Human Diversity and Equality, and Moral Issues.Trade Review“The great ethical challenge of this century will be how we should live our lives in a global context. This intelligent and broad-ranging collection provides its readers with a rich introduction to a wide range of perspectives about how we might live together as global citizens. There is something here to unsettle everyone’s views about the great questions of the day. These volumes provide no simple answers, but they provoke all of us to reconceive our ethical commitments.” ― Joan Tronto, Hunter College“Moral Issues in Global Perspective transforms the landscape for the study of ethics by challenging readers to connect the reality of globalization with the theory and practice of ethics. Volume I serves as a timely resource, combining high-caliber, challenging new articles with must-read classics. Koggel’s collection is sure to be a leader among the new generation of books in moral, social, and political philosophy.” ― Sally Scholz, Villanova UniversityTable of ContentsPrefaceCHAPTER ONE: MORALITY Introduction Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals Immanuel Kant Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill Ethics: The We and the I V.F. Cordova What does the Different Voice Say? Gilligan’s Women and Moral Philosophy Margaret Urban Walker Changing Moral Values in Africa: An Essay in Ethical Relativism Egbeke Aja Study Questions Suggested Readings CHAPTER TWO: HUMAN RIGHTS Introduction Universal Declaration of Human Rights United Nations Human Rights: A Western Construct with Limited Applicability Adamantia Pollis and Peter Schwab Globalization and Human Rights Jay Drydyk A Buddhist Response to the Nature of Human Rights Kenneth K. Inada Reconceiving Rights as Relationship Jennifer Nedelsky Study Questions Suggested Readings CHAPTER THREE: JUSTICE A Theory of Justice John Rawls Libertarianism, Insurance Arguments, and General State Welfare Richard A. Garner Care and Justice in the Global Context Virginia Held Confucianism, Globalisation and the Idea of Universalism A.T. Nuyen Women, Citizenship and Difference Nira Yuval-Davis Study Questions Suggested Readings CHAPTER FOUR: DEMOCRACY Introduction Democracy, Philosophy, and Justification Amy Gutmann Confucian Value and Democratic Value Chenyang Li In Search of Islamic Constitutionalism Nadirsyah Hosen Democracy and Its Global Roots: Why Democratization is not the same as Westernization Amartya Sen The Influence of the Global Order on the Prospects for Genuine Democracy in the Developing Countries Thomas W. Pogge Study Questions Suggested Readings CHAPTER FIVE: ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS Introduction A Dialogue of the Deaf? New International Attitudes and the Death Penalty in America Stefanie Grant Child Labor and Global Inequality: Responsibilities and Policies Roland Pierik Reparations and Justice: The Case of Colonialism Kok-Chor Tan Justice for South Africa: Restorative Justice and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission Jennifer Llewellyn Freedom and Democracy in Cuba: A Problem of Understanding Susan E. Babbitt Study Questions Suggested Readings CHAPTER SIX: WAR AND TERRORISM The Triumph of Just War Theory (and the Dangers of Success) Michael Walzer The Slippery Slope to Preventive War Neta C. Crawford A Requiem for Voicelessness: Pakistanis and Muslims in the US Asma Barlas Counter-Oppressive Terrorism Frank Cunningham Development and the “Global War on Terror” Antonio Tujan, Audrey Gaughran, and Howard Mollett Study Questions Suggested Readings Acknowledgements

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Book SynopsisNow available in three thematic volumes, the second edition of Moral Issues in Global Perspective is a collection of the newest and best articles on current moral issues by moral and political theorists from around the globe. Each volume seeks to challenge the standard approaches to morality and moral issues shaped by Western liberal theory and to extend the inquiry beyond the context of North America. Covering a broad range of issues and arguments, this collection includes critiques of traditional liberal accounts of rights, justice, and moral values, while raising questions about the treatment of disadvantaged groups within and across societies affected by globalization. Providing new perspectives on issues such as war and terrorism, reproduction, euthanasia, censorship, and the environment, each volume of Moral Issues in Global Perspective incorporates work by race, class, feminist, and disability theorists.Human Diversity and Equality, the second of the three volumes, examines issues of equality and difference and the effects, within and across borders, of kinds of discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, disability, class, and sexual orientation. Nine essays are new, four of which were written especially for this volume.Moral Issues in Global Perspective is available in three separate volumes―Moral and Political Theory, Human Diversity and Equality, and Moral Issues.Trade Review“This volume offers an outstanding collection of essays that represent a wide variety of viewpoints on human diversity and equality. Koggel has carefully arranged the text to include perspectives and voices that are often absent from social and political discourse; it questions the traditional Western democratic liberal ideals of privacy and individual liberty rights. The anthology presents alternative conceptions on issues of race, gender, disability, and sexual orientation, and encourages students to think differently about our responsibilities to other cultures. Moral Issues in Global Perspective is a one-of-a-kind anthology.” ― Jennifer Parks, Loyola University“This is an immensely impressive and inspiring project. Each volume of Moral Issues in Global Perspective combines serious attention to moral and political theory with substantive treatment of actual moral issues as they arise in very different human contexts across the planet. No credible moral philosopher can ignore the fact that globalization and multiculturalism make a difference to how moral problems are framed and therefore to how those problems might be addressed. And our students deserve nothing less than to be exposed to the rich diversity of human thinking about how to live. Individually and collectively, these volumes provide essential guides to the latest conversation between theorists and practitioners around the world about a host of questions vital to everyday life and to the very future of ethical humankind.” ― Susan Dwyer, University of Maryland, BaltimoreTable of ContentsPrefaceCHAPTER ONE: THEORIES AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS Human Functioning and Social Justice: In Defense of Aristotelian Essentialism Martha C. Nussbaum Insiders and Outsiders in International Development David A. Crocker Cloning Cultures: The Social Injustices of Sameness Philomena Essed and David Theo Goldberg The New Sovereignty Shelby Steele Social Movements and the Politics of Difference Iris Marion Young Moral Deference Laurence Thomas Study Questions Suggested Readings CHAPTER TWO: RACE AND ETHNICITY Racisms Kwame Anthony Appiah Future Genders? Future Races? Sally Haslanger White Woman Feminist Marilyn Frye Reflections on the Meaning of White Victoria Davion Invisibility is an Unnatural Disaster: Reflections of an Asian American Woman Mitsuye Yamada Study Questions Suggested Readings CHAPTER THREE: GENDER Introduction Beauty is the Beast: Psychological Effects of the Pursuit of the Perfect Female Body Elayne A. Saltzberg and Joan C. Chrisler Justice and the Distribution of Fear Keith Burgess-Jackson Gender Inequality and Cultural Differences Susan Moller Okin Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses Chandra Talpade Mohanty The Good Terrorist: Domesticity and the Political Space for Change Janice Newberry Study Questions Suggested Readings CHAPTER FOUR: SEXUAL ORIENTATION “Is it Wrong to Discriminate on the Basis of Homosexuality?” Jeffrey Jordan Heterosexuality and Feminist Theory Christine Overall Sexuality Injustice Cheshire Calhoun Against Marriage and Motherhood Claudia Card Power and Sexuality in the Middle East Bruce Dunne Study Questions Suggested Readings CHAPTER FIVE: DISABILITY Introduction Disability, Discrimination, and Fairness David Wasserman (In)Equality, (Ab)normality, and the Americans With Disabilities Act Anita Silvers Uniting the Nation? Disability, Stem Cells, and the Australian Media G. Goggin and C. Newell On the Government of Disability Shelley Tremain Study Questions Suggested Readings CHAPTER SIX: POVERTY AND WELFARE Introduction Homelessness and the Issue of Freedom Jeremy Waldron Reforming the Welfare State: The Case for Basic Income Ingrid Robeyns Norway: The Development Ethic of a Donor Country Asuncion Lera St. Clair The Beautiful, Expanding Future of Poverty: Popular Economics as a Psychological Defense Ashis Nandy Equality Analysis: Local and Global Relations of Power Christine M. Koggel Study Questions Suggested Readings Acknowledgements

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Book SynopsisCan animals be regarded as part of the moral community? To what extent, if at all, do they have moral rights? Are we wrong to eat them, hunt them, or use them for scientific research? Can animal liberation be squared with the environmental movement? Taylor traces the background of these debates from Aristotle to Darwin and sets out the views of numerous contemporary philosophers—including Peter Singer, Tom Regan, Mary Anne Warren, J. Baird Callicott, and Martha Nussbaum—with ethical theories ranging from utilitarianism to eco-feminism. The new edition also includes provocative quotations from some of the major writers in the field. As the final chapter insists, animal ethics is more than just an “academic” question: it is intimately connected both to our understanding of what it means to be human and to pressing current issues such as food shortages, environmental degradation, and climate change.Trade ReviewAngus Taylor's Animals & Ethics is, quite simply, the finest text on animal ethics available. There is no other text that covers such a broad range of material with such expertise and lucidity. Taylor's readings of the key works and thinkers in the field are not only reliable but often remarkably insightful. For any professor interested in teaching animal ethics, as well as any general reader who wishes to learn more about the central philosophical debates concerning animals, I recommend Taylor's book without reservation." – Matthew Calarco, California State University, Fullerton"This book is a critically nuanced and meticulous assessment of the philosophical underpinnings of our ethical consideration of non-human animals. The third edition of Angus Taylor's Animals & Ethics not only provides students and the general public with a cogent introduction to the controversial issue of animal liberation but also serves as an invaluable reference work for students with the impressive inclusion of an extensively updated bibliography comprising data from hundreds of relevant publications on the moral status of animals." – Jodey Castricano, University of British Columbia, OkanaganTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsPreface1 Animals and the Moral Community2 From Aristotle to Darwin3 Do Animals Have Moral Rights?4 Is It Wrong to Eat or Hunt Animals?5 Is It Wrong to Use Animals for Scientific Research?6 Can Liberationists Be Environmentalists?7 To Change the WorldBibliography, Including Works CitedIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book explains the basic concepts of environmental ethics and applies them to global environmental problems. The author concisely introduces basic moral theories, discusses how these theories can be extended to consider the non-human world, and examines how environmental ethics interacts with modern society’s economic approach to the environment. Online multiple-choice questions encourage the reader’s active learning.Trade Review“Andrew Kernohan’s Environmental Ethics: An Interactive Introduction is a fantastic text. Among its many strengths is the fact that it goes deeper into the intersection of environmental ethics, public policy, and economics than any other introductory text I have seen, and makes the important but often difficult ideas that lie in that intersection clear and accessible to complete newcomers. Additionally, its online component is ample and well-constructed, and a terrific resource for instructors and students alike.” — Craig Duncan, Ithaca College“It is high time that philosophers do more than speculate amongst themselves about issues of environmental ethics. Andrew Kernohan not only provides an interactive teaching tool, but equally importantly, he invites the reader to do environmental ethics. This engaging volume shows how philosophy can be vital to matters of environmental decision making and public policy.” — Ingrid Leman Stefanovic, University of TorontoTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsIntroductionPART I: ETHICAL THEORYChapter 1: Introduction to Environmental EthicsChapter 2: MetaethicsChapter 3: Ethical AnalysisChapter 4: Ethical EgoismChapter 5: UtilitarianismChapter 6: Virtue EthicsChapter 7: RightsChapter 8: JusticePART II: ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICSChapter 9: Obligations to Distant PeopleChapter 10: Future GenerationsChapter 11: Animal WelfareChapter 12: Animal RightsChapter 13: Biocentric EthicsChapter 14: Ecocentric EthicsChapter 15: EcofeminismChapter 16: Deep EcologyPART III: ETHICS, ECONOMICS, AND THE ENVIRONMENTChapter 17: Ethics and EconomicsChapter 18: Free-Market EnvironmentalismChapter 19: External Costs and Public GoodsChapter 20: Cost-Benefit AnalysisChapter 21: Precautionary PrinciplesChapter 22: Pollution ControlChapter 23: Sustainable DevelopmentChapter 24: The Market WorldviewGlossaryReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisThe first edition of The Morality of War was one of the most widely-read and successful books ever written on the topic. In this second edition, Brian Orend builds on the substantial strengths of the first, adding important new material on: cyber-warfare; drone attacks; the wrap-up of Iraq and Afghanistan; conflicts in Libya and Syria; and protracted struggles (like the Arab-Israeli conflict). Updated and streamlined throughout, the book offers new research tools and case studies, while keeping the winning blend of theory and history featured in the first edition. This book remains an engaging and comprehensive examination of the ethics, and practice, of war and peace in today’s world.Trade ReviewThe Morality of War takes the reader from the Greco-Roman period to contemporary ethical challenges associated with cyberwar and terrorism. This book is approachable and enjoyable for anyone—students, scholars, and soldiers—interested in the nexus of morality and conflict." - Eric Patterson, author of Ending War Well and editor of Ethics Beyond War’s End"The decision to go to war is the ultimate moral challenge for leaders and citizens alike. Can war ever be justified? If so, how? This book illuminates the broad sweep of ideas, values and experiences that comprise the just war tradition. This second edition provides up-to-date examples of how age-old moral rules are being applied and tested in the twenty-first century. War is still a central element of the human experience. But Orend shows us that the use of force continues to be regulated by well-recognized and widely-accepted standards of morality and accountability." - Joel H. Rosenthal, President, Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs"Brian Orend is unquestionably the most original, thoughtful, lucid and comprehensive writer on the just war tradition since Michael Walzer. The first edition of The Morality of War (2006) was path-breaking in its systematic coverage of the history of moral debates about war and peace in Western and non-Western cultural traditions, integrating thoughtful moral reflection with the major precepts of international humanitarian law pertaining to the declaration, prosecution, and concluding aftermath of armed conflicts. The new edition of this remarkable book now incorporates some of the most vexing recent ethical challenges arising from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, about which the author himself has made numerous substantive contributions. These include controversies over torture and interrogation, the right of individuals to resist fighting in unjust or illegal wars, “R2P” and the duties of states to assist victims of genocide, the prospects for pre-emptive military actions to prevent terrorist conspiracies, and the increasing pursuit of armed conflict through reliance on exotic military technologies, ranging from unmanned systems to cyber warfare. This splendid new edition is easily the most important work in its field in a generation." - George R. Lucas, Professor of Ethics & Public Policy, Naval Postgraduate School"The Morality of War is a fine book. It is thorough and comprehensive in its treatment of issues, well researched, well organized, thoughtful, and beautifully written. This book fully instructs on the different aspects of just war theory as well as the manner in which the latter relates to rival approaches to war and peace. But the most striking feature of this book is its originality, manifest in the way the author has enriched the just war tradition by merging new challenges of the twenty-first century with perennial issues." - Jean-Marie Makang, Frostburg State UniversityPraise for the first edition:"Brian Orend has written a wonderfully lucid and bravely innovative account of just war theory." - Michael Walzer, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton"Brian Orend has written an ideal introduction to the morality of war: engaging, accessible, comprehensive, historically informed and bang up to date. Here are all the major issues, sensitively discussed with the aid of vivid case studies and examples. Of particular importance is Orend’s work on jus post bellum—justice after war—and his discussion of the wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and the broader ‘war on terror.’ This book deserves to be read by all those with an interest in the dilemmas of war and international relations.” — David Rodin, Oxford University"If one were looking for a single book to provide a comprehensive discussion of just war theory, an analysis of the deep moral principles that ground the theory, an examination of the theory applied to real-world scenarios, and an assessment of the role of just war theory in our era, this would be the book." - Daniel S. Zupan, United States Military AcademyTable of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Part One Just War Theory and International Law A Sweeping History of Just War Theory Jus ad Bellum #1: Resisting Aggression Jus ad Bellum #2: Non-Classical Wars Jus in Bello #1: Just Conduct in War Jus in Bello #2: Supreme Emergency and Cyber-warfare Jus post Bellum #1: Overlapping Consensus, and Retribution Jus post Bellum #2: Rehabilitation, and Wars-Without-End Part Two The Alternatives Evaluating the Realist Alternative Evaluating the Pacifist Alternative Conclusion Appendix A: Sources on the Laws of War Appendix B: Conceptual Overview of Just War Theory Index

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Book SynopsisLearning through Disagreement offers practical instruction in how to locate underlying assumptions and values so as to identify points of overlap that can serve as building blocks for agreement. Three key ethical approaches are concisely presented, not as abstract theories but as tools for good decision making. Realistic examples of common workplace disagreements are discussed, and detachable perforated worksheets for individual or group use are interspersed throughout.Trade Review“Learning through Disagreement is an excellent auxiliary text for any business ethics course. The book's dialogical (as opposed to debating) orientation is a refreshingly constructive approach to dealing with contentious issues in the subject. The result is a most useful tool for facilitating fruitful student discussions.” — Gary James Jason, California State University, Fullerton“As a management professor, I enjoy employing a variety of classroom activities and experiential exercises that help my students enhance their critical thinking skills. Challenging their underlying assumptions and biases—and working through them—is necessary for effective ethical decision making. Learning through Disagreement is a great addition to a student’s management and leadership toolkit.” — Laquita Blockson, Saint Leo UniversityTable of Contents Introduction Chapter One: A Dialogical Approach 1. Dialogical Capacity 2. Learning through Dialogue Chapter Two: Resources for Finding Good Solutions 1. Sorting out Different Resources 2. Discovering Implicit Value Judgments 3. Developing Valid Syllogisms 4. Assumptions about Ourselves 5. Uncovering Assumptions 6. Discovering the Resources of Alternative Views Chapter Three: Applying Ethical Criteria to Alternative Arguments 1. Applying an Ethics of Purpose 2. Applying an Ethics of Principle 3. Applying an Ethics of Consequence Chapter Four: Doing the Work 1. A Map for Argumentative Dialogues 2. A Sample Argumentative Dialogue Glossary

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Book SynopsisPeter Alward’s rigorous introductory text functions as a roadmap for students, laying out the key issues, positions, and arguments of academic philosophy. The book covers central topics in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and political philosophy. An introductory chapter presents the foundations of philosophical discourse and offers a primer on the basics of logic. Those argumentative tools are then employed to address classic philosophical issues such as the relationship between body and mind, skepticism, the possibility of free will, and the existence of God. Later chapters engage issues of morality, justice, and liberty, as well as moral questions concerning abortion and the practice of punishment. Throughout, Alward aims for clarity, providing summaries, diagrams, and reflective questions to assist the student reader.Trade Review“I have been searching for a way to introduce students to philosophy that acquaints them with both the style of philosophical reasoning and the kinds of problems that demand philosophical attention. Peter Alward’s text is an enormously successful effort in this direction. Clearly written and well organized, this book promises to develop students’ philosophical sensibilities and to equip them with a foundation that will enable them to profitably explore a variety of philosophical subdisciplines.” — Chris Haufe, Case Western Reserve University“This introductory textbook is clearly written, well organized, and user-friendly. Another virtue of the book is its coverage of a wider range of issues than is usual. Instructors will appreciate having the option of exposing students to topics such as modality and causation, for example, or truth and fiction, as well as to the standard ones. The chapter on philosophy of religion—which artfully frames the discussion in terms of questions about the nature of gods, rather than in the typical narrow, traditional, monotheistic manner—seems especially likely to disturb students’ dogmatic pre-philosophical slumbers.” — Thomas Adajian, James Madison University“Professor Alward’s textbook is both comprehensive and lucid, covering a breadth of philosophical topics in a way that will be understandable to students new to the subject. I look forward to using this book in my own teaching.” — Paul Simard Smith, University of WindsorTable of Contents Introduction Dedication Chapter 1: Philosophy PART I: METAPHYSICS AND EPISTEMOLOGY Chapter 2: Mind and Body Chapter 3: Knowledge and Skepticism Chapter 4: Personal Identity and Survival Chapter 5: Free Will and Determinism Chapter 6: Modality and Causation Chapter 7: God and Religion Chapter 8: Truth and Fiction PART II: ETHICS AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY General Principles Chapter 9: Moral Skepticism Chapter 10: Moral Realism Chapter 11: Justice Chapter 12: Liberty Applications Chapter 13: Abortion Chapter 14: Punishment

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Book SynopsisUtilitarianism is a classic work of ethical theory, arguably the most persuasive and comprehensible presentation of this widely infl uential position. Mill argues that it is pleasure and pain that ought to guide our decision-making—and not the pleasure and pain of any one person or group, but the summative experience of all who are affected by our actions. While he didn’t invent utilitarianism, Mill offered its clearest expression and strongest defense, and expanded the theory to account for the variety in quality that we find among specifi c pleasures and pains. Today, Mill’s version of the “Greatest Happiness Principle” is a standard premise in many moral arguments within the academy and in practical ethical and political deliberation.The complete text of the • edition of Utilitarianism is presented here, with footnote annotations added to clarify unfamiliar references and terminology. A detailed introduction by the editor is divided into brief digestible parts discussing the context of the text and offering guidelines on how to read it accurately and critically. This edition has its origin in the acclaimed Broadview Anthology of Social and Political Thought and adheres to the anthology’s format and high standard of accuracy and accessibility.Trade Review“The world needs Mill’s vision as much as ever, and this fine student edition of one of his classic works should win a wide readership.” — Bart Schultz, University of Chicago“Bailey’s introduction to this new edition of J.S. Mill’s acclaimed Utilitarianism is concise and elegant. It also succinctly highlights the significant charms of classical utilitarianism as well as the anxieties that continue to motivate its foes.” — D. Weinstein, Wake Forest University and Universität Oldenburg“This is an especially valuable edition for introducing an eager student to Mill’s Utilitarianism. While the editor’s introduction is philosophically mature, and appropriately balances context, defense, and criticism, my highest praise of it is that I actually got goosebumps from the way in which Mill’s own voice explains his famous depression and recovery.” — Russell DiSilvestro, California State University SacramentoTable of ContentsIntroductionWho Was John Stuart Mill?What Was Mill’s Overall Philosophical Project?What is the Structure of This Reading?Some Useful Background InformationSome Common MisconceptionsHow Important and Influential Is This Work?Suggestions for Critical ReflectionSuggestions for Further ReadingUtilitarianismChapter 1: General RemarksChapter 2: What Utilitarianism IsChapter 3: Of the Ultimate Sanction of the Principle of UtilityChapter 4: Of What Sort of Proof the Principle of Utility is SusceptibleChapter 5: On the Connexion between Justice and UtilityAppendix: from Jeremy Bentham’s An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and LegislationWho Was Jeremy Bentham?Chapter 1: Of the Principle of UtilityChapter 4: Value of a Lot of Pleasure or Pain, How to Be Measured

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Book SynopsisThis book is a comprehensive introduction to the many ethical and legal issues that arise in the practice of nursing. Ethical analysis is supplemented with rigorous discussion of precedents from the American legal system as well as the requirements of professional codes operating at the national and state levels. Topics include informed consent, end-of-life treatment, impaired decisional capacity, privacy and confidentiality, and much more.Trade Review“Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing is a wonderful resource for students of nursing ethics and law at all levels. The book strikes the perfect balance between theory and application—it is eminently practical without sacrificing the philosophical rigor characteristic of the best work in healthcare ethics. The authors cover the core topics in nursing ethics using an abundance of detailed, relevant, and challenging case-studies. Indeed, one would be hard-pressed to find a better use of case-studies in a nursing ethics text. The discussion of the law (both judicial decisions and statutes) is comprehensive and highly relevant. Especially important is the book’s focus on the difference between ethics and law, and discussion of how nurses ought to respond when ethics and law conflict. Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing will surely become a primary textbook for nursing ethics students, as well as a valuable resource for practicing nurses.” — Eric Vogelstein, Ph.D., Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Department of Philosophy, Duquesne University“The authors have provided a valuable tool to help nursing students understand the role nurses have in caring for patients and the ethical decisions they face daily in practice.” — C. Denise Neill, PhD, RN, CNE, Director and Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Sam Houston State UniversityTable of Contents Chapter 1: Moral Decision-Making: Theory and Practice Chapter 2: Regulation of Nursing Chapter 3: Informed Consent Chapter 4: End of Life and the Refusal of Treatment Chapter 5: Privacy and Confidentiality Chapter 6: Impaired Decisional Capacity Chapter 7: Integrity and Advocacy

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Book SynopsisWestern philosophy has long excluded the work of women thinkers from their canon. Presenting Women Philosophers addresses this exclusion by examining the breadth of women's contributions to Western thought over some 900 years. Editors Cecile T. Tougas and Sara Ebenreck have gathered essays and other writings that reflect women's deep engagement with the meaning of individual experience as well as the continuity of their philosophical concerns and practices. Arranged thematically, the collection ranges across eras and literary genres as it emphasizes the intellectual significance of written work by key figures -- for example, Hildegard of Bingen's visionary writings, Iris Murdoch's fiction, Hannah Arendt's historical narratives, and the oral storytelling in black women's literary tradition. The collection also brings to light the philosophical importance of little-known work by such writers as Mme de Sable and Mme de Condorcet. This wide-ranging collection offers non-philosophers an introduction to women's thought but also promises to engage advanced students of philosophy with new research on unrecognized contributions.Trade Review"One of the strengths of Presenting Women Philosophers is the way that it integrates accounts of women's lives with their work, while providing well-thought-out assessments of that work. Another is that it develops and analyzes work that simply is not otherwise available... [This book] examines the writings of women philosophers in a way that no other book to my knowledge does, and it is thematically well-integrated." -Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Professor of Philosophy, Purdue UniversityTable of ContentsCONTENTS Series Introduction: Elizabeth K. Minnich Introduction: Sara Ebenreck and Cecile T. Tougas Part I. The Loss and the Recovery of Women's Voices: Introduced by Sara Ebenreck 1. Why Have There Been So Few Women Philosophers? -- Gerda Lerner 2. Introduction to A Voice from the South -- Mary Helen Washington Part II.Naming Reality -- Differently: Introduced by Sara Ebenreck 1. Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179): A New Medieval Philosopher? -- Helen J. John, S.N.D. 2. Ednah Dow Cheney's (182401904) American Aesthetics -- Therese B. Dykeman 3. Jane Addams's (1860-1935) Feminist Ethics -- Marilyn Fischer 4. Moral Wisdom in the Black Women's Literary Tradition -- Katie Geneva Cannon 5. Susanne K. Langer's (1895-1985) Conception of "Symbol": Making Connections Through Ambiguity -- Beatrice K. Nelson 6. Hannah Arendt (1906-1975): On the Relation of Thinking and Morality -- Elizabeth K. Minnich 7. Hannah Arendt (1960-1975) and Susan Griffin (1943-): Storytelling -- Toward a Feminist Metahistory --Shari Stone-Mediatore 8. Finding New Roots as a Woman Philosopher -- Sara Ebenreck Part III. Philosophical Friendships: Introduced by Cecile T. Tougas 1. Heloise (1101-1164) and Abelard -- Mary Ellen Waithe 2. Elisabeth, Princess Palatine (1618-1680): Letters to Rene Descartes -- Andrea Nye 3. Gloria Ansaldua's (1942-) Borderlands / la Frontera and Rene Descartes's Discourse of Method: Moving Beyond the Canon in Discussion of Philosophical Ideas -- Lisa A. Bergin 4. Mary Astell (1666-1731): A Pre-Humean Christian Empiricist and Feminist -- Jane Duran 5. Harriet Taylor Mill's (1807-1858) Collaboration with John Stuart Mill -- Jo-Ellen Jacobs 6. Philosophical Friendship, 1996: A Postscript -- Cecile T. Tougas 7. Poems from Fifty Forms for Fifty Philosophers -- Veda A. Cobb-Stevens Part IV. Love, Feeling, and Community: Introduced by Cecile T. Tougas 1. Christine de Pizan (1364-1430) and Jehanne d'Arc: "Above All the Heroes Past" -- Tracy Adams 2. Madame de Sable's (1599-1678) Moral Philosophy: A Jansenist Salon -- John J. Conley 3. A Woman-Centered Philosophy: An Alternative to Enlightenment Thought (1700-1750) -- Ann Willeford 4. Madame de Condorcet's (1764-1822) Letters on Sympathy -- Karin Brown 5. Iris Murdoch's (1919-1999) Concept of Love and The Bell -- Patricia J. O'Connor 6. Why I Have Worked on this Book for Several Years -- Cecile T. Tougas Biographical Notes

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Book Synopsis Asking Good Questions moves beyond a traditional discussion of ethical theory, focusing on how educators can use these important frameworks to facilitate critical thinking about real-life ethical dilemmas. In this way, authors Nancy Stanlick and Michael Strawser offer students a theoretical tool kit for creatively addressing issues that influence their own environments. This text begins with a discussion of key ethical theorists and then guides the reader through a series of original case studies and follow-up activities that facilitate critical thinking, emphasize asking thought provoking questions, and teach the student to address the complexity of ethical dilemmas while incorporating the viewpoints of their peers. Additionally, Stanlick and Strawser include an extensive preface, a mind-mapping technique for analyzing and formulating arguments, and a six step process for approaching complex real-life moral issues. Each chapter incorporates suggested assignments, discussion questions, and references for further reading, and a guide for instructors offering a sample course schedule and suggestions on how to use this book effectively is also available. This text is designed to help educators engage students in a meaningful discussion of how historical theories apply to their own lives, providing rich and unique resources to learn about these critical issues.

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Book Synopsis Asking Good Questions moves beyond a traditional discussion of ethical theory, focusing on how educators can use these important frameworks to facilitate critical thinking about real-life ethical dilemmas. In this way, authors Nancy Stanlick and Michael Strawser offer students a theoretical tool kit for creatively addressing issues that influence their own environments. This text begins with a discussion of key ethical theorists and then guides the reader through a series of original case studies and follow-up activities that facilitate critical thinking, emphasize asking thought provoking questions, and teach the student to address the complexity of ethical dilemmas while incorporating the viewpoints of their peers. Additionally, Stanlick and Strawser include an extensive preface, a mind-mapping technique for analyzing and formulating arguments, and a six step process for approaching complex real-life moral issues. Each chapter incorporates suggested assignments, discussion questions, and references for further reading, and a guide for instructors offering a sample course schedule and suggestions on how to use this book effectively is also available. This text is designed to help educators engage students in a meaningful discussion of how historical theories apply to their own lives, providing rich and unique resources to learn about these critical issues.

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Book SynopsisSince ancient times, philosophers have written about "the will". But the will is more than a philosophic and scholarly topic. In our everyday speech, what do we mean when we speak of the "will"? Will-words turn up everywhere in the English language. We make wills. We exert our willpower. We are wilful at times but merely willing at others. Above all, will is there a hundred times a day, when we use the auxiliary verb "will" to express our intentions or expectations for the future, or simply to indicate the future tense. Yet it takes only a moment''s reflection to see that there''s a tremendous range of meaning here, and so something to think about. Moreover, all of us have wondered now and then, probably both as children and as adults, whether we are really free, and whether being free means being able to do what we want or being free of wants and desires or something else entirely. That is, we have all wrestled with the issue of free will in our informal, non-scholarly ways. Finally, we have probably all asked ourselves whether people who talk about will and willpower are all talking about the same thing or even talking sense. These are among the issues that Eva Brann puts at the centre of Un-Willing. She takes the whole range of questions about the will that are implicit in our everyday lives and everyday thinking, articulates them, shows us how they have been dealt with within the philosophic tradition and contemporary scientific thought -- and then wrestles with them herself.

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Book SynopsisMartin Heideggers Being and Time (1927) challenged earlier thinking about the basic structures of human being, our involvement in practical affairs, and our understanding of history, time, and being. Blitz clarifies Heideggers discussions, offers alternative analyses of phenomena central to Heideggers argument, and examines the connection between Heideggers position in Being and Time and his support of Nazism. As Blitz explains in his new afterword, When I began to study Martin Heidegger nearly fifty years ago, my goal was to explore the meaning of Being and Time for political philosophy. I wished to discover what it might offer for clarifying the grounds on which the basic concepts and alternatives of political philosophy rest. Would a close reading of it help us understand the questions of justice, freedom, the common good, natural rights, virtue, human happiness, and the philosophic life? These questions are as important today as they were then. Although Blitz often questions and criticises Heideggers views, he presents them with scrupulous care and clarity. Specialists and students in the areas of political theory, phenomenology, metaphysics, and moral philosophy will find this to be an invaluable resource.

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Book SynopsisServing as a forum for a diverse array of views and issues, this book fosters the exploration of both theory and practice in the intersecting realms of politics and ethics. The essays presented here run the gamut of topics from global to state concerns; from the brutal conflict in East Timor to the impact of market forces in society. Scholarly research and viewpoints make this collection of papers an important resource for the studying and solving of political and ethical dilemmas.

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