Ethical issues: scientific and medical developments Books

Book SynopsisThe major innovations which have occurred between the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century represent a fresh challenge to the responsibility of innovators. Innovators have disrupted, and continue to disrupt the world through the growth of technology, DNA sequencing, genetic engineering, the management of large databases, different forms of intrusion into our private lives, etc. It is up to them take full responsibility for their actions, and question what they are accomplishing, why they are accomplishing it, to what end and with what means. Such questionings are those found in a practice conducted by Ancient philosophers: spiritual exercises. These were internal or external discourses, enabling individuals to act, think, to know how to behave and how to master oneself. It is surely toward these practices innovators of today should turn in order to innovate with wisdom.Table of ContentsForeword vii Acknowledgements xiii Introduction xv Chapter 1. The Need to (Re)think Innovation 1 1.1. The innovation context: how far to innovate? 1 1.2. The innovation discipline 3 1.2.1. From reality to usurpation: the three stages of innovation 3 1.2.2. The three evolutionary stages of innovation 6 1.3. Attempting to expose innovation, the importance of philosophy 16 1.3.1. An objectification of innovation 16 1.3.2. Reducing innovation 18 1.3.3. The future of innovation through its reversal 18 1.4. Philosophy as therapy 22 1.4.1. Modesty in the use of philosophy 22 1.4.2. Healing through philosophy 24 1.4.3. Innovator and philosopher, two sides of the same coin for a new way of being 25 1.5. Towards a thoughtful innovator 27 Chapter 2. The Non-standard Philosophy for Thinking Innovation 29 2.1. Questioning philosophy 29 2.2. What is non-standard philosophy? 30 2.2.1. Non-philosophy 31 2.3. Using non-standard philosophy as a tool to (re)think innovation 34 2.3.1. Innovation in-Real 35 2.3.2. The principle of sufficient innovation 40 2.3.3. Innovation and ego 43 2.4. (Re)thinking innovation, a non-standard innovation? 44 2.4.1. The foundations of non-standard innovation 46 2.4.2. Non-standard innovation practice 50 2.5. “Invent philosophy!”, let’s invent innovation 55 Chapter 3. A Phenomenology of Innovation 59 3.1. Passing through phenomenology 59 3.2. What is phenomenology? 60 3.2.1. Phenomenology and innovation? 62 3.3. Husserlian phenomenology to think innovation? 63 3.3.1. Return to the things themselves 64 3.3.2. Transcendental intentionality 68 3.3.3. The reduction method and the transcendental epoché 71 3.3.4. The emergence of essence 79 3.3.5. Retention 82 3.3.6. The ego as the foundation of the world 84 3.3.7. The phenomenological approach to testing senses 88 3.4. Phenomenology as praxis 90 3.4.1. The practice of phenomenology 92 3.4.2. Towards a practical phenomenology for the innovator 96 3.5. Being aware of innovations 99 Chapter 4. Spiritual Exercises to (Re)think the Innovator 101 4.1. The need for spiritual exercises 101 4.1.1. Spiritual exercises, from ancient philosophy 102 4.1.2. The importance of self-care 108 4.1.3. Knowing how to prepare 113 4.1.4. The conversion obligation 117 4.2. Urgency of the spiritual exercises 123 4.2.1. Spiritual exercises for the contemporary world 123 4.2.2. The need for a master 132 4.3. The spiritual innovator of the 21st Century 137 Conclusion 139 References 155 Index of Names 165 Index of Notions 167

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Book SynopsisThe technical progress illustrated by the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT), online platforms, NBICs, autonomous expert systems, and the Blockchain let appear the possibility of a new world and the emergence of a fourth industrial revolution centered around digital data. Therefore, the advent of digital and its omnipresence in our modern society create a growing need to lay ethical benchmarks against this new religion of data, the "dataisme".Table of ContentsForeword viiLina WILLIATTE Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Chapter 1. Ethics at the Service of Digital Technology 1 1.1. Towards a new paradigm of the digital society 2 1.2. Questions regarding the algorithmic universe 8 1.3. Ethics as a digital compass 19 1.4. Ethical challenges and risks regarding algorithmic processing 27 1.5. The environmental parameters of digital technology 37 1.6. What is the place of mankind in this digital society? 43 Chapter 2. The Code is Ethics and Ethics is the Code 55 2.1. Nature, the creator of codes, programming and algorithms 56 2.2. Algorithmic Darwinism 62 2.3. The evolutionary digital world 64 2.4. Environmental ethics 67 2.5. Algorithmic ethics 72 2.5.1. The symbiotic bridge between algorithms and ethics 75 2.5.2. Trust at the heart of a new ethics 79 2.5.3. The “blockchainization” of ethics 87 2.6. The codification of ethics via a process of networks of neurons 90 2.7. The complexity around an ethical AI 98 2.8. The Neo-Platonist ethical systemic platform (Ψ, G, Φ) 104 2.9. The systemic analysis approach centered on the individual in a digital ecosystem 112 2.10. Toward quantum ethics? 118 Chapter 3. The Framework for Algorithmic Processing 121 3.1. Characteristics of NICT essential for their use 122 3.1.1. Adaptability 125 3.1.2. Availability 125 3.1.3. Robustness 125 3.1.4. Auditability 127 3.1.5. IT integration 128 3.1.6. Consolidation 128 3.1.7. Diffusion 129 3.1.8. Co-ordination 129 3.1.9. Interoperability 129 3.2. Scenarios for the digital economy. 131 3.2.1. Scenario 1: the generalization and commercialization of algorithms combined with Platform as a Service (PaaS) tools 134 3.2.2. Scenario 2: organization into silos independent of data producers and algorithmic processing specialists 134 3.2.3. Scenario 3: domination of AI leaders via proprietary algorithms with unparalleled performances 135 3.3. An algorithm’s ethical rules 137 3.4. Ethical evaluation of algorithmic processing 142 3.4.1. Evaluation of data and practices 144 3.4.2. Evaluating the algorithm and its practices 146 3.5. The framework surrounding algorithmic systems 149 3.5.1. Digital governance 150 3.5.2. Digital regulation 155 3.5.3. Digital confidence 160 3.5.4. Algorithmic responsibility 164 3.6. Ethical management and direction framing algorithmic systems 169 Conclusion 179 Appendix 185 List of Abbreviations 191 References 197 Index 207

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Book SynopsisThe ebook edition of this title is Open Access, thanks to Knowledge Unlatched funding, and freely available to read online. Shortlisted for the Foundation for the Sociology of Health and Illness Book Prize 2021 Growing numbers of women around the world are now accessing social egg freezing: a fertility extension technology which is enabling some women to extend their fertility and reproductive timelines when faced with age-related fertility decline. This book explores the accounts and experiences of some of the pioneering users of this technology in the UK and the USA. Drawing on theories and concepts across medical sociology and parenting culture studies, as well as literature from demography, anthropology, law, and bioethics, this book examines women’s motivations and experiences of social egg freezing in the context of debates surrounding reproductive choice and delayed motherhood. The book also delves into the broader sociological questions raised by this technology in relation to the gendered burden of appropriately timed parenthood, the medicalisation of women’s bodies in the reproductive domain and the further entrenchment of the geneticisation of society. It also considers the sexual politics underpinning the timing of parenthood, relationship formation and progression, and the way in which reproductive and parenting ideals, values and expectations can come in to conflict with the biological and relational realities of women’s lives.Trade ReviewBaldwin's book draws from an exploratory sociological research study which explored the accounts of 31 female users of "social egg-freezing". Her cohort was comprised of women who were either about to undergo social egg freezing or had attempted or completed the process. The term "social egg freezing" signals the socially constituted nature of this technology and demonstrates how women's use of egg freezing as a form of fertility extension and genetic conservation was inherently socially situated. She investigates the way in which users of this technology determine and negotiate their mothering desires, which are mediated and constrained not only by wider socio-political and market contexts but also by their intimate encounters with (non)reproductive partners. Baldwin reveals pressures and burdens that reproductive technology can place upon women to draw upon and navigate these technologies in the pursuit of greater reproductive choice and control and in the process of family building. -- Annotation ©2019 * (protoview.com) *Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Contemporary Debates in Social Egg Freezing Chapter 3. Timing Motherhood Chapter 4. Performing Parenthood Chapter 5. Motivations for Social Egg Freezing Chapter 6. The Experience of Freezing Eggs for Social Reasons Chapter 7. Negotiating Parenthood: Men, Intimate Relationships and Childbearing Chapter 8. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisLarge-scale, interoperable biobanks are an increasingly important asset in today's life science research and, as a result, multiple types of biobanks are being established around the globe with very different financial, organizational and legal set-ups. With interdisciplinary chapters written by lawyers, sociologists, doctors and biobank practitioners, Global Genes, Local Concerns identifies and discusses the most pressing issues in contemporary biobanking.This timely book addresses pressing questions such as: how do national biobanks best contribute to translational research?; What are the opportunities and challenges that current regulations present for translational use of biobanks?; How does inter-biobank coordination and collaboration occur on various levels?; and how could academic and industrial exploitation, ownership and IPR issues be addressed and facilitated? Identifying that biobanks foundational and operational set-ups should be legally and ethically sound, while at the same time reflecting the hopes and concerns of all the involved stakeholders, this book contributes to the continued development of international biobanking by highlighting and analysing the complexities in this important area of research.Academics in the fields of law and ethics, health law and biomedical law, as well as biobank managers and policymakers will find this insightful book a stimulating and engaging read.Contributors include: T. Bossow, T.A. Caulfield, B.J. Clark, Å. Hellstadius, J.R. Herrmann, K. Høyer, M. Jordan, J. Kaye, N.C.H. Kongsholm, K. Liddell, J. Liddicoat, M.J. Madison, T. Minssen, B. Murdoch, W. Nicholson Price II, E. Ortega-Paino, M. Prictor, M.B. Rasmussen, K. Sargsyan, J. Schovsbo, A.M. Tupasela, E. van Zimmeren, F. Vogl, H. Yu, P.K. YuTrade Review‘a valuable tool not only for researchers and policymakers, but also to legal practitioners.’ -- Peter Ling, IPkatTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I - Biobanks, Big Data and Modes of Collaboration 1. Big Data and the ethics of detail: the role of ethics work in the making of a cross-national research infrastructure for genetic research Klaus Hoeyer, Aaro Tupasela, Malene Bøgehus Rasmussen 2. Biobanks as Knowledge Institutions Michael J. Madison Part II - Biobanks, translational medicine and tech transfer 3. Biobanks as Innovation Infrastructure for Translational Medicine W. Nicholson Price II 4. Responsible Use of Human Biosamples in the Bioscience Industries Brian J Clark and Tina Bossow Part III - Biobanks, Human Rights and Patient Involvement 5. Biobanking, Scientific Productions and Human Rights Peter K. Yu 6. You told me, Right? - Free and Informed Consent in European Patent Law Åsa Hellstadius and Jens Schovsbo 7. Dynamic Consent and Biobanking – A Means of Fostering Sustainability? Jane Kaye and Megan Prictor 8. Generating Trust in Biobanks within the Context of Commercialization: Can Dynamic Consent Overcome Trust Challenges? Esther van Zimmeren 9. Exploitation and vulnerabilities in consent to biobank research in developing countries Nana Cecilie Halmsted Kongsholm 10. Biobanking and the Consent Problem Timothy Caulfield and Blake Murdoch Part IV - Biobanks, Guidelines and Good Governance 11. Responsible Research and Innovation and the Advancement of Biobanking and Biomedical research Helen Yu 12. Do we need an expiration date for biobanks? Franziska Vogl and Karine Sargsyan 13. Biobanks and Biobank Networks Eva Ortega-Paíno and Aaro Tupasela 14. IP Policies for Large Bioresources: the fiction, fantasy and future of openness Kathleen Liddell, Johnathan Liddicoat and Matthew Jordan Index

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Book SynopsisIn the coming decades robots and artificial intelligence will fundamentally change our world. In doing so they offer the hope of a golden future, one where the elderly are looked after by companion robots, where the disabled can walk, robot security protects us all, remote rural areas have access to the best urban facilities and there is almost limitless prosperity. But there are dangers. There are fears in the labour market that robots will replace jobs, leaving many unemployed, and increase inequality. In relying too much on robots, people may reduce their human contact and see their cognitive abilities decline. There are even concerns, reflected in many science fiction films, that robots may eventually become competitors with humans for survival. This book looks at both the history of robots, in science and in fiction, as well as the science behind robots. Specific chapters analyse the impact of robots on the labour market, people's attitudes to robots, the impact of robots on society, and the appropriate policies to pursue to prepare our world for the robot revolution. Overall the book strikes a cautionary tone. Robots will change our world dramatically and they will also change human beings. These important issues are examined from the perspective of an economist, but the book is intended to appeal to a wider audience in the social sciences and beyond.Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Innovation 2. The History and Development of Robots 3. Robots now and in the Future 4. The Science of Robots 5. The impact on employment, unemployment and wages 6. The Economic, Social and Political Impact 7. People’s Hopes and Fears 8. Policies to deal with potential problems and to realise the promise 9. A Changing World of Innovation References Index

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Book SynopsisProviding an insightful analysis of the key issues and significant trends relating to labour within the platform economy, this Modern Guide considers the existing comparative evidence covering all world regions. It also provides an in-depth look at digital labour platforms in their historical, economic and geographical contexts. Highlighting the diversity of experience of platform work, case studies illustrate how general trends play out, both in online and location-based labour platforms, across the globe. Chapters illustrate a need for a post-pandemic regulatory requirement of digital labour platforms at different policy levels, whilst providing a general overview of key topics. Interlinking contributions with a global scope and coverage identify the challenges faced and offer thoughtful regulatory solutions. This engaging book will be an invaluable resource for academics of labour economics, legal and business studies and sociology. It will also benefit policy makers in social and political geography and political science looking for a deeper understanding of the topic.Trade Review‘This collected volume on the world of work produced by platform companies should be required reading for anyone interested in the modern politics of labor. Drahokoupil and Vandaele have brought together cutting-edge scholars and scholarship to historicize the emergence of the platform economy and to understand its complex, transnational implications for work and workers. Together, the chapters help to contextualize both the challenges and opportunities posed by digital labor and should be required reading for regulators, policymakers, and academics alike.’ -- Veena Dubal, University of California College of the Law, San Francisco, US‘Here’s everything you need to know about the platform economy and workers—and perhaps hadn’t even thought of asking—in this comprehensive Modern Guide. It covers emerging trends, particular cases, regulatory issues and much else, and is likely to become an essential guide for researchers and policy makers.’ -- Jayati Ghosh, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USTable of ContentsContents: 1 Introduction: Janus meets Proteus in the platform economy 1 Jan Drahokoupil and Kurt Vandaele PART I CONTEXT AND ISSUES 2 The business models of labour platforms: Creating an uncertain future 33 Jan Drahokoupil 3 Moving on, out or up: The externalization of work to B2B platforms 49 Pamela Meil and Mehtap Akgü. 4 Measuring the platform economy: Different approaches to estimating the size of the online platform workforce 66 Agnieszka Piasna 5 A historical perspective on the drivers of digital labour platforms 81 Gérard Valenduc 6 The platform economy at the forefront of a changing world of work: Implications for occupational health and safety 96 Pierre Bérastégui and Sacha Garben 7 How place and space matter to union organizing in the platform economy 112 Benjamin Herr, Philip Schörpf and Jörg Flecker PART II REGULATING PLATFORM WORK 8 Embedding platforms in contemporary labour law 129 Valerio De Stefano and Mathias Wouters 9 The regulation of platform work in the European Union: Mapping the challenges 145 Sacha Garben 10 Workers, platforms and the state: The struggle over digital labour platform regulation 162 Sai Englert, Mark Graham, Sandra Fredman, Darcy du Toit, Adam Badger, Richard Heeks and Jean-Paul Van Belle 11 Trade union responses to platform work: An evolving tension between mainstream and grassroots approaches 177 Simon Joyce and Mark Stuart PART III CASE STUDIES ACROSS THE GLOBE: ONLINE LABOUR PLATFORMS 12 The uneven potential of online platform work for human development at the global margins 194 Mark Graham, Vili Lehdonvirta, Alex J. Wood, Helena Barnard, Isis Hjorth and David Peter Simon 13 From outsourcing to crowdsourcing: Assessing the implications for Indian workers of different outsourcing strategies 209 Janine Berg, Uma Rani and Nora Gobel 14 The geographic and linguistic variety of online labour markets: The cases of Russia and Ukraine 225 Mariya Aleksynska, Andrey Shevchuk and Denis Strebkov PART IV CASE STUDIES ACROSS THE GLOBE: LOCATION-BASED LABOUR PLATFORMS 15 Aliada and Alia: Contrasting for-profit and non-profit platforms for domestic work in Mexico and the United States 242 Andrea Santiago Páramo and Carlos Piñeyro Nelson 16 The role of worker collectives among app-based food delivery couriers in France, Germany and Norway: All the same or different? 258 Kristin Jesnes, Denis Neumann, Vera Trappmann and Pauline de Becdelièvre 17 The pitfalls and promises of successfully organizing Foodora couriers in Toronto 274 Raoul Gebert 18 Labour management and resistance among platform-based food delivery couriers in Beijing 290 Jack Linchuan Qiu, Ping Sun and Julie Chen 19 Struggles over the power and meaning of digital labour platforms: A comparison of the Vienna, Berlin, New York and Los Angeles taxi markets 308 Hannah Johnston and Susanne Pernicka 20 Passenger transport in Australia: Injury compensation, public policy and the health pandemic 323 David Peetz PART V CLOSING THOUGHTS 21 Institutional experimentation and the challenges of platform labour 339 Maria Figueroa Index

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Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This cutting edge book introduces the origins and consequences of digital platforms, examining how artificial intelligence-enabled digital platforms collect and process data from and about users by providing social media and e-commerce services. Robin Mansell and W. Edward Steinmueller compare and contrast neoclassical, institutional and critical political economy approaches. They show how uneven power relationships between platform operators and their users are analysed in different economic traditions. Key features include: analysis of economic and public values provides a foundation for platform regulation examines the impacts of platforms on the media industry challenges claims of the inevitability of platform dominance discusses key challenges, including: artificial intelligence, data sharing and competition in the digital economy. This concise book will be indispensable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of media and communication studies, innovation studies and economics, particularly those focusing on platform economics.Trade Review'This Advanced Introduction provides a much-needed analysis of digital platforms and their major influence on society. What makes Mansell and Steinmueller's book stand out is that it looks at platforms not only through the lens of neo-classical economics, but also of institutional economics and critical political economy, comprehensively demonstrating how these theories differ in their assessment of both consequences of platforms and the need for regulation and non-commercial alternatives.' --Manuel Puppis, University of Fribourg, Switzerland'This is a timely and useful overview of the multifaceted roles of digital platforms by two leading experts in the field. The book presents an insightful discussion of three different economic perspectives on the benefits and dangers of digital platforms. It also addresses the most critical issues concerning users, policy makers, platform operators and society as a whole, identifying reforms that may be necessary. Highly recommended for an understanding of the challenges ahead.' --Franco Malerba, Bocconi University, Italy'Digital platforms are the dominant new business model of the digital economy. With Advanced Introduction to Platform Economics, Mansell and Steinmueller have written a wonderfully accessible and insightful treatise which will be extremely valuable to all students who want to understand digital platforms' economic mechanisms and their social consequences.' --Annabelle Gawer, University of Surrey, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Digital platform origins and novelty 3. Economic analysis of platforms 4. Technologies and datafication practices 5. Self-regulation and alternative business models 6. Policy, regulation and alternative platform provision 7. Global perspectives 8. Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This cutting edge book introduces the origins and consequences of digital platforms, examining how artificial intelligence-enabled digital platforms collect and process data from and about users by providing social media and e-commerce services. Robin Mansell and W. Edward Steinmueller compare and contrast neoclassical, institutional and critical political economy approaches. They show how uneven power relationships between platform operators and their users are analysed in different economic traditions. Key features include: analysis of economic and public values provides a foundation for platform regulation examines the impacts of platforms on the media industry challenges claims of the inevitability of platform dominance discusses key challenges, including: artificial intelligence, data sharing and competition in the digital economy. This concise book will be indispensable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of media and communication studies, innovation studies and economics, particularly those focusing on platform economics.Trade Review'This Advanced Introduction provides a much-needed analysis of digital platforms and their major influence on society. What makes Mansell and Steinmueller's book stand out is that it looks at platforms not only through the lens of neo-classical economics, but also of institutional economics and critical political economy, comprehensively demonstrating how these theories differ in their assessment of both consequences of platforms and the need for regulation and non-commercial alternatives.' --Manuel Puppis, University of Fribourg, Switzerland'This is a timely and useful overview of the multifaceted roles of digital platforms by two leading experts in the field. The book presents an insightful discussion of three different economic perspectives on the benefits and dangers of digital platforms. It also addresses the most critical issues concerning users, policy makers, platform operators and society as a whole, identifying reforms that may be necessary. Highly recommended for an understanding of the challenges ahead.' --Franco Malerba, Bocconi University, Italy'Digital platforms are the dominant new business model of the digital economy. With Advanced Introduction to Platform Economics, Mansell and Steinmueller have written a wonderfully accessible and insightful treatise which will be extremely valuable to all students who want to understand digital platforms' economic mechanisms and their social consequences.' --Annabelle Gawer, University of Surrey, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Digital platform origins and novelty 3. Economic analysis of platforms 4. Technologies and datafication practices 5. Self-regulation and alternative business models 6. Policy, regulation and alternative platform provision 7. Global perspectives 8. Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisThis insightful Handbook scrutinizes alternative concepts and approaches to the dominant economic or industrial theories of innovation. Providing an assessment of these approaches, it questions the absence of these neglected types of innovation and suggests diverse theories. International contributors provide a historical and critical analysis of all aspects of innovation, answering important questions such as ‘are we just reinventing the wheel?’. Examining concepts that have existed for over a decade, chapters provide clarity on answering this question and investigate whether progress is actually being made. Split into seven parts, starting with the visions of innovation and reviewing multiple approaches and types of innovation, as well as utilising case studies to illustrate theories, this timely book provides an excellent update to this field. This Handbook will be an invaluable resource for scholars and researchers of business management and public policy as well as policy makers and stakeholders.Trade Review‘This Handbook truly deserves its designation as such. It provides a comprehensive and multi-faceted overview of different conceptual meanings, theories, usages and interpretations of “innovation”. Far beyond the most familiar association with technology and industry, the reader is introduced to “social“, “responsible“, “sustainable“, “disruptive“ and other variations of innovation, their respective rationales, theoretical underpinnings, philosophical and policy implications. This collection of contributions by well-respected authors is a fascinating and unique attempt to capture the many paths covered by “innovation“ as a traveling concept.’ -- Peter Weingart, Bielefeld University, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: Introduction to the Handbook on Alternative Theories of Innovation 1 Benoît Godin, Gérald Gaglio and Dominique Vinck PART I VISIONS OF INNOVATION 1 Innovation theology 11 Benoît Godin 2 Imaginaries of innovation 23 Harro van Lente PART II THEORIZING INNOVATION IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: THE FOUNDATIONS 3 Theories of innovation 38 Benoît Godin 4 Economic approaches to industrial technological innovation 59 Irwin Feller PART III ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO INNOVATION 5 Mapping innovation diversity 79 Mónica Edwards-Schachter 6 Social innovation: contested understandings of social change 106 Cornelius Schubert 7 Sustainable innovation: analysing literature lineages 122 Frank Boons and Riza Batista-Navarro 8 Responsible innovation: challenging an alternative 135 Lucien von Schomberg PART IV ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF INNOVATION 9 User-centred innovation: from innovative users to user centred programmes 148 Bastien Tavner 10 Open innovation: the open society and its entrepreneurial bias 162 Tiago Brandão 11 Disruptive innovation: an organizational strategy and a technological concept 182 Darryl Cressman 12 Common innovation: the oldest species of innovation? 197 G.M. Peter Swann 13 Grassroots innovation: mainstreaming the discourse of informal sector 212 Fayaz Ahmad Sheikh and Hemant Kumar 14 Frugal innovation: reaching an ‘empowered’ developing-countries end-user 233 Céline Cholez and Pascale Trompette PART V SUPPORTING INNOVATION: REFRAMING THE INSTRUMENTS 15 X-innovation and international organizations narratives 252 Carolina Bagattolli 16 Transformative innovation policy: a novel approach? 276 Markus Grillitsch, Teis Hansen and Stine Madsen 17 Business innovation measurement: history and evolution 292 Giulio Perani PART VI IMMUNE DISCIPLINES AND FORGOTTEN THEORIZATIONS 18 Religion and innovation: charting the territory 310 Boris Rähme 19 Anthropology of and for innovation 334 Ulrich Ufer and Alexandra Hausstein 20 Philosophical reflections on the concept of innovation 354 Vincent Blok PART VII THEORIZING THE THEORIES 21 Ideology, engine or regime. Styles of critique and theories of innovation 369 Brice Laurent 22 Collateral innovation: renewing theory from case-studies 387 Gérald Gaglio and Dominique Vinck Conclusion to the Handbook on Alternative Theories of Innovation 404 Gérald Gaglio, Dominique Vinck and Benoît Godin Index

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Book SynopsisWhich Side of History? offers a collection of bold essays on how technology is affecting democracy, society, and our future. Featuring prominent national voices such as Sacha Baron Cohen, Marc Benioff, Ellen Pao, Ken Auletta, Chelsea Clinton, Tim Wu, Khaled Hosseini, Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn, Jaron Lanier, Willow Bay, Sal Khan, Sherry Turkle, Shoshana Zuboff, Vivek Murthy, Geoffrey Canada, and many more. The essays focus on the extraordinary impact of technology on our privacy, kids and families, race and gender roles, democracy, climate change, and mental health. This groundbreaking book challenges opinion leaders and the broader public to take action to improve technology's effects on our lives. • Featuring notable journalists, engineers, entrepreneurs, novelists, activists, filmmakers, business leaders, scholars, and researchers, including: Thomas Friedman, Kara Swisher, Michelle Alexander, Jennifer Siebel Newsom, Jenna Wortham, Cameron Kasky, Howard Gardner, and Tristan Harris. • Explores the ethical behavior of Big Tech, or the lack thereof. • Offers roadmaps for constructive change and thought-provoking perspectives. With the rise of cyberbullying and hate speech online, issues around climate change and technology, and the "move fast and break things" mentality of tech culture, Which Side of History? will urge readers to draw the line. • This book will help shape the conversations we have around technology in our society and our future for years to come. • A smart gift for anyone who approaches tech and the future with a healthy skepticism • Edited by James P. Steyer, the CEO and founder of Common Sense Media. • Add it to the shelf with books like Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now by Jaron Lanier, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains by Nicholas Carr, and The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power by Shoshana Zuboff.

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Book SynopsisThis timely book explores the likely success or failure of potential transport innovations. Chapters examine societally relevant effects of transport transitions, including impacts on the environment, accessibility, safety and more. It focuses on complex innovations in which both public and private actors are involved.Combining insights from innovation sciences with evolutionary economics, business economics, managerial sciences, psychology and history, the chapters consider state-of-the-art innovation theories applied to sustainable transport, with an emphasis on approaches to understanding behaviour. The book then explores a range of potential transitions, covering technological innovations such as vehicle electrification, e-bikes and light electric vehicles in city logistics, before moving on to look at service innovations including carsharing, mobility as a service and e-shopping.Offering coverage of both frameworks and innovation examples themselves, this book will be an interesting read for transport studies and innovation scholars. It will also be a useful tool for policy makers and planners working in the area.Trade Review‘A systems change is on its way. Cities all over the world are changing their mobility paradigms, trying to transform car-oriented cities into places for people. This change goes hand in hand with the necessary change towards climate neutral mobility and more liveable cities. It comes at a time when car ownership can be replaced by alternatives such as shared mobility or mobility as a service, and many other smaller and larger innovations are shaping the future. In this book it is shown how transition theory and other frameworks can help to understand the incremental and radical changes that are supporting this transition towards a more sustainable mobility system. A must-read for everyone who wants to understand what the future of mobility will look like!’ -- Cathy Macharis, VUB-Mobilise, Belgium‘The transportation field has long put its faith in technological innovation as a way to solve our problems, whether traffic congestion or environmental impacts. But it is not that simple, as the theoretical frameworks and specific examples presented in this book demonstrate. Readers will find many important insights here.’ -- Susan Handy, University of California, Davis, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface x 1 Introduction to Innovations in Transport 1 Bert van Wee, Jan Anne Annema and Jonathan Köhler PART I FRAMEWORKS FOR ANALYSING TRANSPORT INNOVATIONS 2 A transitions theory perspective on transport innovation 14 Bonno Pel 3 Modelling innovations in freight transport: a business ecosystem perspective 35 Giovanni Zenezini and Lóránt A. Tavasszy 4 Understanding mobility biographies: conceptual and empirical advancements and practical innovation 68 Henrike Rau and Joachim Scheiner 5 Behavioral economics and social nudges in sustainable travel 89 William Riggs 6 Transport innovation theories: a brief overview 111 Jan Anne Annema PART II TRANSPORT INNOVATIONS 7 Technological innovation systems and transport innovations: understanding vehicle electrification in Norway 131 Ove Langeland, Cyriac George and Erik Figenbaum 8 Beyond market success: unpacking the societal implications of the e-bike 164 Qi Sun 9 Explaining the growth in light electric vehicles in city logistics 188 Ron van Duin, Walther Ploos van Amstel and Hans Quak 10 Automated driving on the path to enlightenment? 221 Maaike Snelder, Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia and Bart van Arem 11 Assessing policies to scale up carsharing 242 Karla Münzel, Marlous Arentshorst, Wouter Boon and Koen Frenken 12 Mobility-as-a-Service: how governance is shaping an innovation and its outcomes 269 Wijnand Veeneman 13 E-shopping, travel behavior, and society: a multi-level perspective on sustainable transitions 295 Kunbo Shi, Long Cheng and Frank Witlox 14 Identifying disruptive innovations in transport: the case of the Hyperloop 316 Yashar Araghi and Isabel R. Wilmink 15 Mission-oriented innovation policy: the case of the Swedish “Vision Zero” approach to traffic safety 343 Jannes Craens, Koen Frenken and Toon Meelen Index 359

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Book SynopsisThis timely book explores the likely success or failure of potential transport innovations. Chapters examine societally relevant effects of transport transitions, including impacts on the environment, accessibility, safety and more. It focuses on complex innovations in which both public and private actors are involved.Combining insights from innovation sciences with evolutionary economics, business economics, managerial sciences, psychology and history, the chapters consider state-of-the-art innovation theories applied to sustainable transport, with an emphasis on approaches to understanding behaviour. The book then explores a range of potential transitions, covering technological innovations such as vehicle electrification, e-bikes and light electric vehicles in city logistics, before moving on to look at service innovations including carsharing, mobility as a service and e-shopping.Offering coverage of both frameworks and innovation examples themselves, this book will be an interesting read for transport studies and innovation scholars. It will also be a useful tool for policy makers and planners working in the area.Trade Review‘A systems change is on its way. Cities all over the world are changing their mobility paradigms, trying to transform car-oriented cities into places for people. This change goes hand in hand with the necessary change towards climate neutral mobility and more liveable cities. It comes at a time when car ownership can be replaced by alternatives such as shared mobility or mobility as a service, and many other smaller and larger innovations are shaping the future. In this book it is shown how transition theory and other frameworks can help to understand the incremental and radical changes that are supporting this transition towards a more sustainable mobility system. A must-read for everyone who wants to understand what the future of mobility will look like!’ -- Cathy Macharis, VUB-Mobilise, Belgium‘The transportation field has long put its faith in technological innovation as a way to solve our problems, whether traffic congestion or environmental impacts. But it is not that simple, as the theoretical frameworks and specific examples presented in this book demonstrate. Readers will find many important insights here.’ -- Susan Handy, University of California, Davis, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface x 1 Introduction to Innovations in Transport 1 Bert van Wee, Jan Anne Annema and Jonathan Köhler PART I FRAMEWORKS FOR ANALYSING TRANSPORT INNOVATIONS 2 A transitions theory perspective on transport innovation 14 Bonno Pel 3 Modelling innovations in freight transport: a business ecosystem perspective 35 Giovanni Zenezini and Lóránt A. Tavasszy 4 Understanding mobility biographies: conceptual and empirical advancements and practical innovation 68 Henrike Rau and Joachim Scheiner 5 Behavioral economics and social nudges in sustainable travel 89 William Riggs 6 Transport innovation theories: a brief overview 111 Jan Anne Annema PART II TRANSPORT INNOVATIONS 7 Technological innovation systems and transport innovations: understanding vehicle electrification in Norway 131 Ove Langeland, Cyriac George and Erik Figenbaum 8 Beyond market success: unpacking the societal implications of the e-bike 164 Qi Sun 9 Explaining the growth in light electric vehicles in city logistics 188 Ron van Duin, Walther Ploos van Amstel and Hans Quak 10 Automated driving on the path to enlightenment? 221 Maaike Snelder, Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia and Bart van Arem 11 Assessing policies to scale up carsharing 242 Karla Münzel, Marlous Arentshorst, Wouter Boon and Koen Frenken 12 Mobility-as-a-Service: how governance is shaping an innovation and its outcomes 269 Wijnand Veeneman 13 E-shopping, travel behavior, and society: a multi-level perspective on sustainable transitions 295 Kunbo Shi, Long Cheng and Frank Witlox 14 Identifying disruptive innovations in transport: the case of the Hyperloop 316 Yashar Araghi and Isabel R. Wilmink 15 Mission-oriented innovation policy: the case of the Swedish “Vision Zero” approach to traffic safety 343 Jannes Craens, Koen Frenken and Toon Meelen Index 359

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Book SynopsisWritten in an accessible style with comprehensive coverage, the Handbook of Gender and Technology provides an excellent foundation examining gender equity in technology fields. Covering the state of the art, chapters consider three key influences – environmental, identity and individual – to highlight interventions to address the gender gap in technology. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, the expert contributors seek to understand the subjective reality of those experiencing gender barriers and to provide the reader with both theory and research results into gender diversity in technology. This Handbook provides a comprehensive review of issues faced by women and gender minorities in technology fields. It is global in perspective, including chapters about Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, and North America. It is intersectional in approach, including the standpoint of racial and ethnic minorities, persons with disabilities, and members of the LGBTQA+ community.Providing a unified look at the challenges faced, this insightful Handbook is an excellent resource for scholars interested in gender and social inclusion in technology fields. It also provides an informative guide for policymakers and managers in global organizations tasked with developing interventions using data-driven practices to address the gender gap.Trade Review‘Professors Trauth and Quesenberry pull together the most up-to-date and comprehensive view of the gender imbalance in the IT field that I am aware of. This is a timely infusion of what has been learned to date and why interventions to create more balance do and do not work. Given recent discussions in the Information Systems academic community, this should provide a wonderful resource to elevate the conversation from wheel spinning to serious action taking.’ -- Fred Niederman, St. Louis University, USTable of ContentsContents: 1 Introduction to the Handbook of Gender and Technology 1 Eileen M. Trauth and Jeria L. Quesenberry 2 An overview of the individual differences theory of gender and IT 22 Eileen M. Trauth PART I ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES 3 Invisible but ubiquitous: leveraging ICTs for development in gendered systems of exclusion – Nigeria and Cameroon 56 Patience Akpan-Obong 4 The gender gap in information systems service organizations in Korea: a contextual hierarchy perspective 77 Gyeung-min Kim, Namjae Cho and Hee-Sun Kim 5 The FESTA project: doing gender equality work in STEM faculties in Europe 90 Minna Salminen-Karlsson 6 National culture and policy institutionalizing workplace change: supporting women’s career progression in STEM through Athena SWAN 106 Regina Connolly and Ita Richardson 7 Promoting gender equality at two European universities through structural change interventions: the EQUAL-IST project 126 Elena Gorbacheva and Isabel Ramos 8 Connected and committed? Culture and context in career entrenchment of Indian and native-born women in the United States IT workforce 149 Monica Adya and Sangeeta Parashar 9 Thriving as women in IT publishing, leadership, and service: challenges faced and lessons learned 165 Cynthia K. Riemenschneider and Deborah J. Armstrong PART II IDENTITY INFLUENCES 10 The influence of intersectional identity on women in the IT field 182 Eileen M. Trauth 11 We cannot build equitable artificial intelligence hiring systems without the inclusion of minoritized technology workers 200 Lynette Yarger, Courtney Smith and Adanna Nedd 12 BLKGENIUS: a social-academic network for combating the underrepresentation of Black men in computing in the United States 216 Curtis C. Cain 13 Founding oSTEM: trailblazing for LGBTQA+ communities 229 Eric Patridge 14 The chains that bind: gender, disability, race, and IT accommodations 252 Eleanor T. Loiacono and Shiya Cao 15 Gender and work–life balance in the IT field 273 Manju K. Ahuja PART III INDIVIDUAL INFLUENCES 16 Empowering Techgirls: role modeling and mentoring the next generation in STEM 296 Tricia Massey, Jenine Beekhuyzen and Sue Nielsen 17 Intervention organizations to increase women’s engagement with IT: a case study of NCWIT 311 Roli Varma 18 Lessons from women coping with IT workplace barriers 328 Hala Annabi 19 Job crafting to recruit and retain women in the IT workforce: what would it take to keep you here? 351 Mari W. Buche 20 Applying a feminist ethics of care in conducting internet-based archival gender research: the case of studying Gamergate Reactions 369 Florence M. Chee, Todd Suomela, Bettina Berendt and Geoffrey Martin Rockwell 21 Longitudinal effects on individual influences in women’s pursuit of computer science education 386 Jeria L. Quesenberry 22 Am I good enough? Sources of IT self-efficacy as key impediments to narrowing the IT gender gap 398 K.D. Joshi Index 415

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Book SynopsisData Ethics of Power takes a reflective and fresh look at the ethical implications of transforming everyday life and the world through the effortless, costless, and seamless accumulation of extra layers of data. By shedding light on the constant tensions that exist between ethical principles and the interests invested in this socio-technical transformation, the book bridges the theory and practice divide in the study of the power dynamics that underpin these processes of the digitalization of the world. Gry Hasselbalch expertly draws on nearly two decades of experience in the field, and key literature, to advance a better understanding of the challenges faced by big data and AI developers. She provides an innovative ethical framework for studying and governing Big-Data and Artificial Intelligence. Offering both a historical account and a theoretical analysis of power dynamics and their ethical implications, as well as incisive ideas to guide future research and governance practices, the book makes a significant contribution to the establishment of an emerging data and AI ethics discipline.This timely book is a must-read for scholars studying AI, data, and technology ethics. Policymakers in the regulatory, governance, public administration, and management sectors will find the practical proposals for a human-centric approach to big data and AI to be a valuable resource for revising and developing future policies.Trade Review’In this concise work, Hasselbalch outlines the ramifications of power with respect to data ethics and cultural data practices. Beginning with definitions of common terminology used in the field, Hasselbalch establishes common ground for readers and takes them through a breadth of power scenarios in various areas of data ethics practice. She explores the influence of power in realistic situations such as policy vacuums and surveillance society. Though a number of publications address data science ethics, what sets this work apart is the robust depth of knowledge the author brings to the topic; she moves beyond a descriptive approach to focus on the interactive relationship between power and data ethics. The text usefully identifies regional differences between the European Union and other areas of the world in light of the EU's stringent data-protections regime. Given the regional differences and international nature of many data science operations, this work is relevant to students worldwide. Hasselbalch offers a rich bibliography for extended study along with the usual backmatter. Undergraduate and graduate students studying computer science and related technologies will profit from reading the book. Highly recommended. Lower- and upper-division undergraduates.’ -- K J Whitehair, CHOICE‘Data Ethics of Power is an instant classic of technology law and policy. Its wise and topical policy recommendations stand on rigorous philosophical foundations. In Hasselbalch’s work, we are taken on a journey to the origins of ethics, to understand the critical importance of empowering institutions for wise governance of AI. As policymakers work to promote and channel AI, they should find much here to guide their deliberations. Deeply relevant to academics, practitioners, and anyone interested in the future development of advanced technology, Data Ethics of Power revitalizes the field of AI ethics.’ -- Frank Pasquale, Brooklyn Law School, US‘This book offers a unique and timely contribution to the fields of data and AI ethics by examining power structures in both the big data and the AI ethics space. Dr. Hasselbalch provides a paradigm shift in thinking about data ethics and power stating that data ethics is not only about power but also is power. Re-framing the discussion in this way uncovers novel solutions to the pressing problems created by big data and AI. This book is required reading for academics, industry leaders, and policy makers in the data and AI ethics space looking to address the future of data and AI in society on a global scale.’ -- Aimee van Wynsberghe, University of Bonn, Germany‘Data Ethics of Power by Gry Hasselbalch provides a deeply impactful approach to a subject typically bogged down by technical or political dogma by identifying the systems of power that create the highest levels of obfuscation around data. But it is in her revelation that open, unconditional love will provide the individual and communal willingness for genuine change that her words bring essential human healing regarding autonomous data ethics governance.’ -- John C. Havens, author of Heartificial Intelligence: Embracing our Humanity to Maximize Machines‘A recurring criticism of tech ethics is that ideas about responsible innovation are idealizations—aspirational wish lists too far removed from inequitable real-world power struggles. Gry Hasselbalch’s Data Ethics of Power: A Human Approach in the Big Data and AI Era provides a much-needed corrective. This masterful, interdisciplinary work makes a deep, human-centered case for conceptualizing and practicing data ethics as interrogating and negotiating infrastructures of power and their complex underlying cultural conditions.’ -- Evan Selinger, Rochester Institute of Technology, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction to Data Ethics of Power 1. Big Data Sociotechnical Infrastructures (BDSTIs) 2. Sociotechnical change and data ethical governance 3. Artificial Intelligence Sociotechnical Infrastructures (AISTIs) 4. Data interests and data cultures 5. What is data ethics? 6. Conclusion to Data Ethics of Power Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAs the NHS suffers from record waiting lists and devastating strain, Dr Michael Christopher works to strip away the delusions and show exactly how we can fix our beloved NHS.

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Book SynopsisAI and Popular Culture explores the development and social significance of artificial intelligence by looking at representations in fiction, film and television, as well as examining the effect of AI technologies on the way we consume culture. Lee Barron traces the evolution of AI – from the Turing Machine to deep learning, to interrogate the key issues and debates. He uses examples of AI from pop culture to help us understand how the technology is changing aspects of society from surveillance and work to human relationships with technology. AI and Popular Culture sheds light on how artificial intelligence has changed our world and helps you to understand where it might take us next. It also makes significant contributions to Media and Cultural Studies, Humanities, and Social Sciences, as well as to subjects such as AI Ethics and Society and Computing.Table of ContentsIntroduction- The Age of AI Technics Chapter 1. The Development of Artificial Intelligence and AI Debates Chapter 2. AI and Literature Chapter 3. AI and Film Chapter 4. AI and Television Chapter 5. AI Culture: Living with Artificial Intelligence Conclusion- AI Futures: The Terminator, Kurzweil or Machine Learning Scenario?

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Book SynopsisThe complex relationship between technology and social outcomes is well known and has recently seen significant attention due to the deepening of technology use in many domains. This includes issues such as the reproduction of inequality due to the digital divide, threats to democracy due to misinformation propagated through social networking platforms, algorithmic biases that can perpetuate structural injustices, hardships caused to citizens due to misplaced assumptions about the gains expected from the use of information technology in government processes, and simplistic beliefs that technology can easily lead to social development. This timely work draws attention to the varying factors by which technology often leads to disempowerment effects. Featuring a Foreword by Tim Unwin, UNESCO Chair in ICT4D, Seth makes a call to technologists to burst the technology optimism bubble, build an ethos for taking greater responsibility in their work, collectivize to similarly shape the internal governance of their organizations, and engage with the rest of society to strengthen democracy and build an acceptance that the primary goal of technology projects should be to bring equality by overturning unjust societal structures.Trade ReviewIf you want to use information technology to make a positive difference in the world, then you need to read this book. Aadi Seth combines careful analysis of the interplay between technology design and socio-political processes with a wealth of practical experience to identify key challenges that efforts around IT for Good will always have to face. -- - Andy Dearden: Professor (Emeritus) Interactive Systems Design, Sheffield Hallam UniversityGiven the enormous influence and control of technologies over our lives, an ethical enquiry into their development, use and ownership is of vital importance. This book provides an incisive account of how state and market-led technologies have exacerbated socio-economic and environmental injustice, and conversely, how technologies based on the ethics of plurality, diversity, power-based equality, freedom and participation can help the movement towards justice and sustainability. Seth's call is not for rejecting technology, but for paradigm shifts towards more socially engaged technology and technologists. -- Ashish Kothari: Kalpavriksh, Vikalp Sangam and Global Tapestry of AlternativesProfessor Aaditeshwar Seth has spent years developing technologies through Gram Vaani, a social enterprise delivering a voice-based social media platform in northern India. Based on wide-ranging scholarship and hard-won experience, he counters market values with an approach to social impact that takes ethics and socio-technical theories seriously. If you're a technologist hoping to contribute to social good, this book will keep you honest! -- Kentaro Toyama: Professor, School of Information, University of MichiganWhat comes out most importantly in the text is Aadi's two-fold firm conviction – one, that a technological community committed towards social good is indeed possible; and two, that dividing lines across technologists and ordinary people can be bridged, and this is what he has argued for. I hope that the technological community engages with these arguments. -- Rahul Varman: Professor, Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurTable of ContentsForeword; Tim Unwin Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Contemporary Problems Chapter 3. Understanding Social Good Chapter 4. Ethics Based Foundations Chapter 5. The Limits of Design Chapter 6. Ensuring Power-based Equality Chapter 7. Constraining Structures and Ideologies Chapter 8. Overcoming Paradigms that Disempower Chapter 9. Societal Participation Chapter 10. Conclusions Chapter 11. Epilogue

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Book SynopsisThis timely book takes an insightful look at rethinking innovation and how lessons can be learnt from what is a major turning point in our contemporary societies: the urgent need to reduce the use or consumption of certain substances and technologies due to the dangers they pose to our environments and current way of life. Using theoretical reflection and empirical work in a broad range of sectors including agriculture, food, health, religion, energy, packaging, markets and digital technology, eminent scholars utilise new perspectives to enrich our understanding of innovation processes and how these can be transformed.New Horizons for Innovation Studies provides a deep dive into what our production and consumption processes are, how they could be innovated differently and how those innovations could interrogate social science concepts and in particular science and technology studies. Chapters explore key case studies and topics for innovation studies, such as the reduced use of antibiotics and pesticides, car-free cities, bans on plastic use and decreasing meat consumption. Further, the book challenges both the partial and complete withdrawal of certain substances and technologies that currently sit at the heart of our contemporary lifestyles, and explores the emergence of alternatives as well as the potential resistance, risks and outcomes.This engaging book will provide a thought-provoking read for scholars and graduate students in innovation policy, science and technology studies and public policy.Trade Review‘With social and environmental imperatives for transformation now taken for granted even at the most elite levels of international governance, there could hardly be a more timely and topical subject: the rethinking of innovation to be as much about how to withdraw from technologies as how to grow them. The result is a refreshingly deeply researched, wide-ranging and ambitious collection of accessible chapters both new and old – all highly practical and policy-relevant. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in taking seriously the responsibilities to steer innovation in directions that deliver peace, social justice and ecological flourishing.’ -- Andy Stirling, University of Sussex, UK‘This is a wonderful and timely contribution to innovation studies, and to science, technology and society studies. Everyone in those fields should read it, and profit from it.’ -- Arie Rip, University of Twente, the NetherlandsTable of ContentsContents: Beyond withdrawal, rethinking innovation in society: introductory considerations 1 Frédéric Goulet and Dominique Vinck PART I FRAMEWORKS 1 Withdrawal in the light of a historical analysis of innovation 18 Benoît Godin 2 Governing the discontinuation of large socio-technical systems 29 Pierre-Benoît Joly, Marc Barbier and Bruno Turnheim 3 How do technologies die? Studies of decline in literature on technological change 47 Zahar Koretsky PART II MECHANISMS FOR DETACHMENT 4 Going gluten-free: individual trajectories of avoidance 71 Grégori Akermann and Paul Coeurquetin 5 Reducing plastic use: from problems and solutions to problematisation 88 Gay Hawkins and Anisah Madden 6 Food without animals: substitution and exclusion 106 Sébastien Mouret and Jocelyne Porcher 7 The value of the Negawatt: load-shifting electricity consumption 120 Thomas Reverdy PART III INTENSITY OF DETACHMENT 8 Preventive moderation: vaccine hesitancy and vaccine selection in Quebec, 1960s–1990s 136 Laurence Monnais 9 Strong withdrawal or weak withdrawal? Problematization of pesticides and categorization of their alternatives in Argentina, Brazil and France 153 Frédéric Goulet, Alexis Aulagnier and Matthieu Hubert 10 Reducing antibiotic use in livestock farming 168 Nicolas Fortané, Florence Hellec, Florence Beaugrand, Nathalie Joly, and Mathilde Paul 11 White paper in a greening world: a journey through struggles over substitutes for chlorine bleaching 182 Nicolas Baya-Laffite PART IV DE-INTERMEDIATION AND REAGENCEMENT 12 Breaking with the assumption of centralization: an attempt to set up a peer-to-peer digital network for sharing agricultural data 201 Léa Stiefel and Dominique Vinck 13 Withdrawing as a matter of re-agencing: the case of bulk sales 216 Franck Cochoy, Alexandre Mallard and Cyrus Eugenio PART V RESISTANCE AND LOCKING 14 When industry holds back the withdrawal of an endocrine disruptor 230 Henri Boullier 15 Pharmaceutical markets and drug withdrawals 245 Nils Kessel 16 Uninventing the bomb 258 Donald MacKenzie 17 Aftercare, or doing less with discontinuation niche governance 268 Peter Stegmaier Conclusion: New Horizons for Innovation Studies 289 Frédéric Goulet and Dominique Vinck Index 300

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Book SynopsisSystems Ultra explores how we experience complex systems: the mesh of things, people, and ideas interacting to produce their own patterns and behaviours.What does it mean when a car which runs on code drives dangerously? What does massmarket graphics software tell us about the workplace politics of architects? And, in these human-made systems, which phenomena are designed, and which are emergent? In a world of networked technologies, global supply chains, and supranational regulations, there are growing calls for a new kind of literacy around systems and their ramifications. At the same time, we are often told these systems are impossible to fully comprehend and are far beyond our control.Drawing on field research and artistic practice around the industrial settings of ports, air traffic control, architectural software, payment platforms in adult entertainment, and car crash testing, Georgina Voss argues that complex systems can be approached as sites of revelation around scale, time, materiality, deviance, and breakages. With humour and guile, she tells the story of what 'systems' have come to mean, how they have been sold to us, and the real-world consequences of the power that flows through them.Systems Ultra goes beyond narratives of technological exceptionalism to explore how we experience the complex systems which influence our lives, how to understand them more clearly, and, perhaps, how to change them.Trade ReviewGeorgina Voss thoughtfully explores the dizzying operations and implications of the vast machineries that dominate contemporary life, without ever losing sight of their everyday physicality: their meat and flesh, silicon and steel. A brilliant and hugely enjoyable read. -- James Bridle, author of Ways of BeingWith an ethnographer's eye, a comedian's wit, and a travel guide's sense of adventure, Georgina Voss steers us through the docks and control rooms, the convention halls and design studios, the interfaces and archives from which we can glimpse the global systems that constitute and actuate our contemporary world. Along the way, we gather a set of critical tools for looking at, listening to, mapping, diagramming, scaling, sensing, and feeling our place within these sublime structures - not merely to understand them, but also to equip ourselves to resist, break, hack, and hustle when things need to change. -- Shannon Mattern, author of The City Is Not A ComputerStep inside this book and suddenly, you've got a golden ticket to a Willy Wonka wonderland where everything is connected to everything else. You'll never see systems - of any kind - the same way again -- Fred Turner, Harry & Norman Chandler Professor of Communication, Stanford UniversityUnpacks the hidden complexities of the way we live today, and shows why it is essential for us to understand their means and characteristics. From the networks that control payments systems, vast global shipping routes as well as the ways our cities are designed, she explores their history and why they matter. Too often, we only realise these extraordinary powers that dictate our everyday lives when they go wrong, this is an essential manual to modern life. -- Bruce Schneier, author of A Hacker's Mind: How the Rich and Powerful Bend Society's Rules, and How to Bend Them BackIt can be surprisingly hard to articulate what a "system" actually is, but thank goodness we have Georgina Voss whose humorous and thought-provoking book vibrantly unpacks the nuances of systems and system thinking. As we follow her through a gargantuan electronics fair in Vegas, one of the largest shipping container ports in Rotterdam, a slick makerspace in Silicon Valley, and a pornography industry trade show, Voss draws on her unusual expertise as both creative practitioner and a researcher to distill what a systems worldview does, what it overlooks and where it breaks. -- Tega Brain, author of Code as Creative MediumTable of Contents1. Systems2. Scale3. Legacy4. Matter5. Deviance6. Breakage

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Book SynopsisOur contemporary political condition is obsessed with immunity. The immunity of bodies and the body politic; personal immunity and herd immunity; how to immunize the social system against breakdown. The obsession intensifies with every new crisis and the mobilization of yet more powers of war and police, from quarantine to border closures and from vaccination certificates to immunological surveillance.Engaging four key concepts with enormous cultural weight - Cell, Self, System and Sovereignty - Politics of Immunity moves from philosophical biology to intellectual history and from critical theory to psychoanalysis to expose the politics underpinning the way immunity is imagined. At the heart of this imagination is the way security has come to dominate the whole realm of human experience. From biological cell to political subject, and from physiological system to the social body, immunity folds into security, just as security folds into immunity. The book thus opens into a critique of the violence of security and spells out immunity's tendency towards self-destruction and death: immunity, like security, can turn its aggression inwards, into the autoimmune disorder. Wide-ranging and polemical, Politics of Immunity lays down a major challenge to the ways in which the immunity of the self and the social are imagined.Trade ReviewIt is difficult to do justice to the breadth and depth of this book. The sheer multidisciplinary variety of insights offered here, ranging from neurology and immunology to psychoanalysis and international law, is frequently dazzling. While the title might lead one to expect it to operate primarily as a conjunctural intervention, it is also a valuable archaeology illuminating various aspects of modern political power. -- Richard SeymourNeocleous' provocative interventions into the politics of the present is guaranteed to make readers think anew about the body-material and body-politic, our selves as well as sovereignty. He tells a fascinating (and nervous) story. -- Joanna BourkeA masterful survey of one of the key metaphors of our time: the medical biopicture of the body as a battleground, and the extension of this metaphor to the "body politic." The twin discourses of immunity as a literal feature of organic bodily systems, its counterpart in discussions of sovereignty, warfare, and police power in the terms of the immune system are brought together here in a compelling account grounded in the broader concept of security. The fundamental paradigm of the "Self/Non-Self" as a biopolitical analogy between medical and social bodies is called into question by this incisive critique. -- W. J. T. Mitchell, author of Cloning Terror: The War of Images, 9-11 to the PresentIn this scholarly and wide-ranging engagement with one of the most topical issues of our time, Neocleous provides both an informative history of the idea of immunity and an astute analysis of the concept itself and its interweaving usage in medical, legal and social contexts. But what is most distinctive and revealing in his study is the axis around which it is shown to revolve: the imbrication of immunity and security concerns, and their mutually reinforcing political logics. -- Kate Soper

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Book SynopsisTranshumanism is an international cultural movement which seeks to fundamentally transform the human condition through radical technological enhancement. Transhumanists claim that we are already in transition to a new phase of humanity where the limitations of mortality, ignorance, and suffering will soon be altered or even completely erased. The Philosophy of Transhumanism: A Critical Analysis presents the central ideas of transhumanist philosophy and offers a lens through which to reflect on the meaning of being human in anticipation of radical technology. The radical technologies in question variously include greater-than-human machine intelligence, mind-computer interfaces, gene-editing, and nanotechnology. The continued funding and interest generated by those associated with these projects suggest transhumanism is continued migration from a fringe concern to a central way of conceiving the future. Though a variety of positions exist within transhumanism, the unifying theme is a belief that the techno-engineering of a new type of upgraded human is both beneficial and inevitable. These ambitions raise serious questions about the appearance of a transhuman or even posthuman being, and warrants a critical analysis from alternative philosophical and religious perspectives. This book seeks to present the philosophy of transhumanism in a way that is both timely and accessible, and to challenge what will be seen as the core argument of transhumanist philosophy: that there is nothing about human beings that cannot be reconceived as a technical problem.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Redesigning Humans Chapter 2. Engaging with Transhumanism Chapter 3. Living Forever:Transhumanism and Mortality Chapter 4. Unlimited; Intelligence and Well-Being Chapter 5. The Role of The Philosopher in Transhumanism Chapter 6. Transhumanism and Buddhist Philosophy: Two Approaches to Suffering

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Book SynopsisBy the end of this century, living beyond 100 will be the rule rather than the exception. What medical breakthroughs and new technologies will make this possible?In this brilliantly wide-ranging, one-stop guide WIRED journalist James Temperton outlines the medical revolutions that are transforming healthcare. He looks at the burgeoning immune therapies that could one day cure such life-threatening diseases as cancer. He explores the science - and ethics - of genetic engineering and its potential to create 'designer babies'. He considers the role that cutting-edge medical research could play in the treatment of mental and neurological disorders ranging from depression to autism. And he addresses the fundamental question: could medical technology become so sophisticated that we witness the end of ageing?

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Book Synopsis‘An elegant, thoughtful book . . . beautifully expresses the importance and experience of liberation from the battery-hen life of constant connection and crowds.’ Daily Mail‘A compelling study of the subtle ways in which modern life and technologies have transformed our behaviour and sense of self.’ Times Literary SupplementIn a world of social media and smartphones, true solitude has become increasingly hard to find. In this timely and important book, award-winning writer Michael Harris reveals why our hyper-connected society makes time alone more crucial than ever. He delves into the latest neuroscience to examine the way innovations like Google Maps and Facebook are eroding our ability to be by ourselves. He tells the stories of the remarkable people – from pioneering computer scientists to great nineteenth-century novelists – who managed to find solitude in the most unexpected of places. And he explores how solitude can bring clarity and creativity to each of our inner lives. Urgent, eloquent and beautifully argued, Solitude might just change the way you think about being alone.‘Speaks to a long-overdue conversation we still haven’t properly had in our society.’ Vice‘A timely, elegant provocation to daydream and wander.’ Nathan Filer, author of The Shock of the Fall‘The leading thinker about technology’s corrupting influence on our collective psyche.’ Newsweek‘A poetic, contemplative journey into the benefits of solo sojourning.’ ElleTrade ReviewThe leading thinker about technology’s corrupting influence on our collective psyche. * Newsweek *An elegant, thoughtful book . . . beautifully expresses the importance and experience of liberation from the battery-hen life of constant connection and crowds. * Daily Mail *A compelling study of the subtle ways in which modern life and technologies have transformed our behaviour and sense of self . . . The strength of Harris’s argument lies in his showing how seemingly harmless new technologies insidiously influence our ways of being . . . Harris proposes ways in which we can discover ourselves within an increasingly digitally connected world. * Times Literary Supplement *I came away from this book a better human being. Michael Harris’s take on existence is calm, unique, and makes one's soul feel good yet never once does he rely on feel-good techniques. -- Douglas CouplandA timely, eloquent provocation to daydream and wander. -- Nathan Filer, author of THE SHOCK OF THE FALLA poetic, contemplative journey into the benefits of solo sojourning. The book – which weaves together personal anecdotes and fascinating research – makes a convincing argument for stepping away from the crowd (and your even more crowded phone) and scheduling some soul-resetting me time. * ELLE *Harris's book isn’t preachy; rather, it recasts small lifestyle changes as part of a struggle to regain that sense of self . . . It speaks to a long overdue conversation we still haven't properly had in our society. * VICE *Harris has an intuition that being alone with ourselves, paying attention to inner silence and being able to experience outer silence, is an essential part of being human . . . Thick with fact and argument and some fine writing. -- Paul Kingsnorth * New Statesman *An insightful, lively meditation on why this increasingly scarce component of our lives should be preserved. * Globe and Mail *Elegant, accessible and often hilarious. * Chicago Tribune *Harris is always an engaging writer, easy to read and capable of expressing his arguments in memorable and helpful ways. * Quill & Quire *

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Book SynopsisContemporary life is so deeply reliant upon digital technology that the computer has come to dominate almost every aspect of our culture. What is the philosophical and spiritual significance of this dependence on electronic technology, both for our relationship to nature and for the future of humanity? And, what processes in human perception and awareness have produced the situation we find ourselves in? As Jeremy Naydler elucidates in this penetrating study, we cannot understand the emergence of the computer without seeing it within the wider context of the evolution of human consciousness, which has taken place over millennia. Modern consciousness, he shows, has evolved in conjunction with the development of machines and under their intensifying shadow. The computer was the product of a long historical development, culminating in the scientific revolution of the 17th century. It was during this period that the first mechanical calculators were invented and the project to create more complex `thinking machines’ began in earnest. But the seeds were sown many hundreds of years earlier, deep in antiquity. Naydler paints a vast panorama depicting human development and the emergence of electronic technology. His painstaking research illuminates an urgent question that concerns every living person today: What does it mean to be human and what, if anything, distinguishes us from machines?Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements PART ONE: THE ANCIENT WORLD – CHAPTER ONE Participative Consciousness in Deep Antiquity; CHAPTER TWO The Gods and Technological Consciousness in the Ancient Near East; CHAPTER THREE Poets, Visionaries and the Rise of the Clever Man; CHAPTER FOUR Harnessing Logic to the Pursuit of Wisdom; CHAPTER FIVE Technology in the Greco-Roman Age; CHAPTER SIX The Eclipse of the Mystery Knowledge of Electricity; PART TWO: THE MIDDLE AGES – CHAPTER SEVEN Grammar and Logic in the Middle Ages; CHAPTER EIGHT The Logic Machine and the Cam Logical Devices; CHAPTER NINE The Mechanical Clock and Human Consciousness; CHAPTER TEN The Quantification of the World The Denial of Ideas in Nature; CHAPTER ELEVEN The Renunciation of the Upper Border; Notes, Index

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Book SynopsisJapan is the only country in the world to have been attacked with nuclear weapons. Her anti-nuclear Civil Society Organisations - with their experiences of coping with the fallout of the atom bomb blasts - are passionately committed to their cause. While international treaties are final objectives, there is another effective diplomatic approach towards nuclear disarmament: CSO diplomacy might open the window of deadlocked inter-state negotiations.The role of civil society in the field of security is relatively new, coming to prominence during the establishment of the Convention on the Prohibition of Anti-Personnel Mines, the so-called Ottawa Treaty.The Treaty signalled that the role, presence and decision of governments are essential. This is an investigation into how Japanese CSOs have influenced the Japanese official policy with regards to nuclear disarmament. It focuses on the private diplomacy of CSOs; on the mitigation of inter-state conflicts that lie behind nuclear issues; and on the involvement of governments in social movements of nuclear disarmament.Dr Kazuhiro Tobisawa suggests that developing a solid understand of the pertinent issues surrounding Japaneses CSOs could lead to the resolution of half-a-century of failed attempts at nuclear disarmament.

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Book SynopsisAfter many years on the fringe, online counselling has rapidly become mainstream practice, propelled by the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet too often practitioners assume they can transition from in-person counselling without need for further training. In this essential book, Sarah Worley-James brings her many years' experience of online counselling and supervision to explore with the reader the practical and technical requirements of the work and also, importantly, the relational issues that working online brings. The book covers video, audio and text-based counselling, using vivid vignettes and case examples to bring to life its contents. All aspects, from transitioning and setting up the room and the equipment needed through to contracts, data storage and, above all, risk, are covered, with practical exercises to help you gain confidence in using these emerging media to their full creative potential.Trade Review'Reading Online Counselling made me realise just of how far online therapy has matured as a profession over the past 10 years. Sarah's warm and inviting style of writing nails the subject of online therapy from page one. Any online therapist, whether experienced or not, will find so much in this book that will benefit them and, consequently, their online clients.' Pip Weitz, Training Director, Academy for Online Therapy - 'This is sure to be a core text for counselling courses.' Adrian Rhodes, Chair, ACTO; President, European Confederation of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies (ECPP) - 'Sarah Worley-James has written the book we have been waiting for. It is up-to-date and has a clear, inclusive, user-friendly style.' Anne Stokes, Patron of ACTO; Director (retired) of Online Training Ltd - 'The book is an excellent resource for those new to online therapy and practitioners who are fine-tuning their existing online knowledge and skills.' Jane Evans MA, BACP (Senior Accred), author of Online Counselling and Guidance Skills (2009).Table of ContentsIntroduction, 1. What is online counselling? 2. Transitioning to online counselling, 3. Getting started, 4. Ethical practice online, 5. Developing a therapeutic relationship through video, 6. Developing a therapeutic relationship in audio and telephone counselling, 7. Developing a therapeutic relationship in text-based counselling, 8. Assessing risk online, 9. Working with risk online, 10. Supervision for online counsellors, 11. Self-care for online counselling

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Book SynopsisThe study of the social implications of human enhancement is an interdisciplinary work that draws from the fields of political science, sociology, philosophy, and bioethics, among others. It is also a complex and rapidly evolving subject that raises important questions about the potential benefits and risks of these technologies, as well as how society should govern and regulate their development and use. An in-depth exploration of current and future human enhancement technologies, this book delves into the specifics of current and emerging human enhancement technologies, such as cognitive enhancers, brain-computer interfaces, and genetic engineering, discussing the state of the art, the limitations and also the technological developments that one can expect in the future and how they can be regulated and used responsibly.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a framework for approaching ethical and policy dilemmas in research with human subjects from the perspective of trust. It explains how trust is important not only between investigators and subjects but also between and among other stakeholders involved in the research enterprise, including research staff, sponsors, institutions, communities, oversight committees, government agencies, and the general public. The book argues that trust should be viewed as a distinct ethical principle for research with human subjects that complements other principles, such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The book applies the principle of trust to numerous issues, including informed consent, confidentiality, risk minimization, risks and benefits, protection of vulnerable subjects, experimental design, research integrity, and research oversight.This work also includes discussions of the history of research involving human subjects, moral theories and principles, contemporary cases, and proposed regulatory reforms. The book is useful for undergraduate and graduate students studying ethical policy issues related to research with human subjects, as well as for scientists and scholars who are interested in thinking about this topic from the perspective of trust.Table of ContentsDedication.- Acknowledgments.- List of Abbreviations.- Chapter One: Introduction.- Chapter Two: Historical Background.- Chapter Three: Moral Theory.- Chapter Four: A Trust-Based Approach to Research with Human Subjects.- Chapter Five: Informed Consent.- Chapter Six: Privacy and.-Confidentiality.- Chapter Seven: Risks.- Chapter Eight: Benefits.- Chapter Nine: Vulnerable Subjects.- Chapter Ten: Research Integrity.- Chapter Eleven: Regulatory Reform.- Chapter Twelve: Conclusion.- References.- Index.

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Book SynopsisFood is a social phenomenon: it keeps us alive, influences our identity and creates social codes and values. Food and food preparation is no longer simply a question of sustenance, but of lifestyle as well. At the same time, however, agriculture and the current standards of food production are among the main drivers of climate change. What does the future of our food look like in the light of dwindling resources and the globalisation of the food industry? How can we produce enough food for the rapidly increasing global population in a way that respects the earth's ecosystems? Food Revolution 5.0 tries to find answers to these questions. The Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg has invited the Dutch design studio Makkink & Bey to create a multidisciplinary laboratory dedicated to the future of food, including four stages - farm, supermarket, kitchen and table as visual representations of the food cycle from start to finish. The book takes a critical look at the global food industry and presents visions of designers, architects, scientists and photographers. Text in English and German.

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Book SynopsisThe scientific and technological innovations that will take place over the next decade will transform our society in profound ways. Sex robots, or robots made for sex, are already becoming a reality as a substitute for human beings in bed: although current prototypes are relatively simple and crude, future technological capabilities will render sex robots capable of interacting with humans in more human-like ways. They will be able to recognize their partner, understand their state of mind, and learn their tastes and preferences.Professor Maurizio Balistreri introduces us to the fascinating world of sex of the future by addressing all the ethical issues that the large-scale commercialization of sex robots will raise without taboos and judgements. What will become of love if all our sexual relationships are conducted with machines? What will happen to the world of paid sex and pornography? Will sex robots increase or decrease sexual violence? In addition to confronting the international debate on the moral acceptability of sex robots, this book examines the most recent studies on violent video games and pornography, questioning the widespread belief that playing violent games or witnessing violent representations corrupts people and makes them violent. Not only could sex robots be an essential tool for expressing and exploring our most forbidden sexual fantasies, but they could also be used to treat sex offenders and paedophiles. Sex Robots is a book that questions our prejudices towards sex robots with clarity and simplicity, helping us reason and reflect on a future that is already present, in the awareness that robots will change the world and our lives.

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