Ergonomics Books

Book SynopsisThis volume explores decision-making styles, including cooperative, collaborative, avoidant, competitive, and dominate that are commonly modified by the culture. Culture is not a stagnant phenomenon, and many variables need to be considered to accurately evaluation cultural differences in decision-making styles. Among many cultural factors, the individual (I culture) â collectivism (we culture) dimension is one of the most important influential factor to be considered when studying culture difference, including decision-making styles.Table of ContentsSection I: Multifarious Modeling Discussions 1 Stable versus flexible dynamic decision making across cultures: A growth mixture modeling approach 2 Creating the foundations for modeling irregular warfare 3 Granular ABM simulations for operational use: Forecasting and what-if experiments with models of Kandahar and Kunduz 4 Culture that works 5 Discovering entity characteristics and relationships through topic Modelling 6 A non-therapeutic, micro-worlds based, application of ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) to fostering cross-cultural Competence 7 What lies beneath: Forecast transparency to foster understanding and trust in forecast models 8 Combining social and environmental models Section II: Verification, Validation, and Assessment 9 Fundamentals in empirical validation of and analysis with social science models 10 Al-Qa'ida through a discursive lens 11 Countering the adversary 12 Interfacing and validating models of the US Army TRAC tactical war game 13 Multi-modeling and socio-cultural complexity: Reuse and validation 14 A V&V approach for complex models: A use case example 15 Multi-modeling and meta-modeling of human organizations 16 Verification as a form of validation: Deepening theory to broaden application of DOD protocols to the social sciences 17 Establishing bounds of responsible operational use of social science models via innovations in verification and validation 18 Contextual validation: Concept and application Section III: Language, Trust, and Culture 19 Improvements in the Jabari event coder 20 Effect of culture on search strategies 21 Using language to influencing another's decision 22 Assessing attitudes in unstructured text 23 Analysis of discourse for indications and warnings 24 Socio-linguistic factors and gender mapping across real and virtual world cultures 25 The language of distance perception: Cultural and linguistic implications in distance perception 26 Building trust in a counterinsurgency context Section IV: Social Media and Culture 27 Social networks, social media, social change 28 Identifying differences in cultural behavior in online groups 29 Inferring demographic attributes and extracting political discourse from Nigerian social media 30 The use of microworlds in the study of dynamic decision making across cultures 31 Speech and cultural recognition in a virtual experiential environment 32 Network discovery: Measuring cause and effect behind event and social networks 33 Cultural analytics through image features extraction and exploration Section V: Social Science and Culture 34 How the Obama Administration misconstrued the Arab Spring and repeated the errors of the Bush Doctrine 35 The crisis of the West, the challenge of technology, and the reaffirmation of political philosophy 36 American legal education and the Supreme Court in the 1920s 37 The philosophical foundations of the crisis of Western Civilization 38 A toolbox for countering extremist religious truths 39 From particles to people: Social, cultural and behavioral dynamics in insurgency, terrorism and beyond 40 What is cross-culture? 41 Socio-cultural modeling through decision-theoretic agents with theory of mind 42 Predictive societal indicators of radicalism – Forecasting political Violence 43 Population sentiment modeling in support of ISAF Joint Command 44 Semantic integration of socio-cultural knowledge for complex operations

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Book SynopsisWritten by experts with real-world experience in applying ergonomics methodology in a range of contexts, Evaluation of Human Work, Fourth Edition explores ergonomics and human factors from a doing it perspective. More than a cookbook of ergonomics methods, the book encourages students to think about which methods they should apply, when, and why. Now in its fourth edition, the editors have again brought together a team of world-renowned experts and created a forum for them to discuss and debate their most valued approaches.See What's New in the Fourth Edition: Significant change of authorship and content in each chapter Five new chapters covering inclusive design, situation awareness, neuroergonomics, ergonomics and quality, and standards in ergonomics design and evaluation Discussion of the idea of reflective practice and Ergonomics/Human Factors Examination of the systems perspective now prevalent in the field CoveTrade Review"From the first edition, this text was a ‘must have’; it still is. Ergonomics/human factors (E, HF) addresses real problems in the real world and its broad arsenal of methods and tools is one of the strengths of the field. …This fourth edition continues the same overall concept as the first, but has added a number of new chapters and updated all existing ones. As always, the chapter authors are experts in their area. The emphasis on being up-to-date and authoritative makes the book an essential source for anyone interested in the human –system design and interaction."—Professor Ann Williamson, University of New South Wales, Australia"… great book. If you liked the previous editions of the book, then you will like this new fourth edition even better. The late John Wilson and his colleague Sarah Sharples have done an amazing job in pulling a group of international experts that cover the range of human factors and ergonomics domains."—Pascale Carayon, University of Wisconsin-Madison "For most occupational health physicians, 'Evaluation of Human Work (Fourth Edition)' is likely to be a handy reference source for study or research due to the variety and complexity of the specialist areas discussed. For the trainee in occupational medicine or the experienced consultant, it will be an enlightening source of balanced material to give direction in problem-solving investigations. With its very reasonable price, it would be an asset to any occupational health office or clinic where there is a genuine interest in working practice." —Occupational Medicine, January 2016 "From the first edition, this text was a ‘must have’; it still is. Ergonomics/human factors (E, HF) addresses real problems in the real world and its broad arsenal of methods and tools is one of the strengths of the field. …This fourth edition continues the same overall concept as the first, but has added a number of new chapters and updated all existing ones. As always, the chapter authors are experts in their area. The emphasis on being up-to-date and authoritative makes the book an essential source for anyone interested in the human –system design and interaction."—Professor Ann Williamson, University of New South Wales, Australia"… great book. If you liked the previous editions of the book, then you will like this new fourth edition even better. The late john Wilson and his colleague Sarah Sharples have done an amazing job in pulling a group of international experts that cover the range of human factors and ergonomics domains."—Pascale Carayon, University of Wisconsin-Madison "For most occupational health physicians, 'Evaluation of Human Work (Fourth Edition)' is likely to be a handy reference source for study or research due to the variety and complexity of the specialist areas discussed. For the trainee in occupational medicine or the experienced consultant, it will be an enlightening source of balanced material to give direction in problem-solving investigations. With its very reasonable price, it would be an asset to any occupational health office or clinic where there is a genuine interest in working practice." —Occupational Medicine, January 2016 Table of ContentsMethods in the Understanding of Human Factors. Fundamental Approaches and Tools. Methods for Design of Work. Assessment of Impact of Work on Individuals. Assessment and Design of the Physical Workplace. Methods in Organisational/Social Human Factors. Implementation and Analysis of Human Factors. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis succinct but absorbing book covers the main way stations on James Reason's 40-year journey in pursuit of the nature and varieties of human error. In it he presents an engrossing and very personal perspective, offering the reader exceptional insights, wisdom and wit as only James Reason can. The journey begins with a bizarre absent-minded action slip committed by Professor Reason in the early 1970s - putting cat food into the teapot - and continues up to the present day, conveying his unique perceptions into a variety of major accidents that have shaped his thinking about unsafe acts and latent conditions. A Life in Error charts the development of his seminal and hugely influential work from its original focus into individual cognitive psychology through the broadening of scope to embrace social, organizational and systemic issues. The voyage recounted is both hugely entertaining and educational, imparting a real sense of how James Reason's ground-breaking theories changed the waTrade Review’This book is an authoritative reminder of the journey to gain acceptance of human error as intrinsic to open systems operations as we enjoy it today, portrayed by the witty pen of one of its topmost trailblazers. I thoroughly enjoyed the book, and found the segment on organizational accidents a particular gem.’ Daniel E. Maurino, formerly Coordinator of the Flight Safety and Human Factors Study Programme, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) ’A fascinating personal and intellectual journey showing the evolution of both James Reason’s personal approach and also the broader history of thinking on error and safety. He has a unique gift for making complex ideas accessible within an absorbing and lucid narrative. And all leavened with wonderful examples of human error and some great stories.’ Charles Vincent, Imperial College London, UK ’Reason’s new book is a master class on human error: a concise tour of his career explaining how mistakes can occur. It is a pleasure to accompany him while he presents his favourite and often funny accounts of fallibility, tempered with insights on the resulting risks and how they can be mitigated. Highly recommended as a taster text or a refresher course on error.’ Rhona Flin, University of Aberdeen, UK ’Each chapter of this book tells a story where Reason personally confronted a puzzle about accidents, human performance, or organizational decisions. Together the stories build a comprehensive picture of how safety is created but sometime undermined.’ David D. Woods, Ohio State University, USA ’In this delightful memoir, Jim Reason provides an amazingly comprehensive and understandable explanation of how and why individuals and organizations make mistakes and what to do about it. A valuable review for experts and a perfect introduction for beginners.’ Lucian Leape, Harvard University, USA ’This book is like a personal and intimate trip through the ideas that pioneered human error and industriTable of ContentsList of Figures, Foreword, Preface, Chapter 1 A Bizarre Beginning, Chapter 2 Plans, Actions and Consequences, Chapter 3 Three Performance Levels, Chapter 4 Absent-Minded Slips and Lapses, Chapter 5 Individual Differences, Chapter 6 A Courtroom Application of the SIML, Chapter 7 The Freudian Slip Revisited, Chapter 8 Planning Failures, Chapter 9 Violations, Chapter 10 Organizational Accidents, Chapter 11 Organizational Culture: Resisting Change, Chapter 12 Medical Error, Chapter 13 Disclosing Error, Chapter 14 Reviewing the Journey, Postscript, Index

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Book SynopsisResilience engineering has since 2004 attracted widespread interest from industry as well as academia. Practitioners from various fields, such as aviation and air traffic management, patient safety, off-shore exploration and production, have quickly realised the potential of resilience engineering and have became early adopters. The continued development of resilience engineering has focused on four abilities that are essential for resilience. These are the ability a) to respond to what happens, b) to monitor critical developments, c) to anticipate future threats and opportunities, and d) to learn from past experience - successes as well as failures. Working with the four abilities provides a structured way of analysing problems and issues, as well as of proposing practical solutions (concepts, tools, and methods). This book is divided into four main sections which describe issues relating to each of the four abilities. The chapters in each section emphasise practical ways of engineTrade Review'Although risk management has brought greater safety to socio-technical systems, a new approach is still strongly needed. Erik Hollnagel's excellent book offers the right approach; that resilient behaviour by people leads to stable systems. Those searching for a more profound understanding of system safety must read this book as it is a practical guide to this new approach.' Akinori Komatsubara, Waseda University, Japan 'With crises abounding, the concept of resilience is more relevant than ever. Manifold examples from a variety of high-risk industries provide insights into the four basic requirements for resilience: responding, monitoring, anticipating, and learning. Tools are presented that support the assessment of these requirements as well as their promotion, be it by training emergency management, handling fatigue of system operators, supporting preventive maintenance, providing better rules for managing conflicting goals, or improving incident reporting. The book, by Erik Hollnagel and his colleagues, will be a great resource for system designers and decision-makers in organizations in their endeavours to keep the uncertainties and complexities of our world at bay.' Gudela Grote, ETH Zürich, Switzerland 'Be prepared to be unprepared. How do you do that? By absorbing the evocative data, nuanced terminology, sustained guidance, and broad applications summarized here. Resilience is about more than engineering as becomes clear in these descriptions of the actual, critical, potential, and factual events that unfold when disturbances fall outside the operational envelope. Resilience engineering is a hot topic. Here is the one book that shows you why!' Karl E. Weick, University of Michigan, USA 'The book is very practical in the sense that only relevant and significant theories or frameworks are discussed followed by extensive descriptions of the situations on the field. Solution-seekers are the group of readers who will benefit the most from readinTable of ContentsContents: Prologue: the scope of resilience engineering, Erik Hollnagel; Part I Dealing with the Actual: Resilience and the ability to respond, Jean Pariès; Lessons from the Hudson, Jean Pariès; Coping with uncertainty. Resilient decisions in anaesthesia, Lucie Cuvelier and Pierre Falzon; Training organisational resilience in escalating situations, Johan Bergström, Nicklas Dahlström, Sidney Dekker and Kurt Petersen. Part II Dealing with the Critical: Monitoring - a critical ability in resilience engineering, John Wreathall; From flight time limitations to fatigue risk management systems - a way toward resilience, P. Cabon, S. Deharvengt, I. Berechet, J.Y. Grau, N. Maille and R. Mollard; Practices for noticing and dealing with the critical. A case study from maintenance of power plants, Elizabeth Lay; Cognitive strategies in emergency and abnormal situations training - implications for resilience in air traffic control, Stathis Malakis and Tom Kontogiannis. Part III Dealing with the Potential: Resilience and the ability to anticipate, David D. Woods; Basic patterns in how adaptive systems fail, David D. Woods and Matthieu Branlat; Measuring resilience in the planning of rail engineering work, P. Ferreira, J. R. Wilson, B. Ryan and S. Sharples; The art of balance: using upward resilience traits to deal with conflicting goals, Berit Tjørhom and Karina Aase; The importance of functional interdependencies in financial services systems, Gunilla A. Sundström and Erik Hollnagel. Part IV Dealing with the Factual: To learn or not to learn, that is the question, Erik Hollnagel; No facts, no glory, John Stoop; From myopic coordination to resilience in socio-technical systems. A case study in a hospital, Anne Sophie Nyssen; Requisites for successful incident reporting in resilient organisations, Alberto Pasquini, Simone Pozzi, Luca Save and Mark-Alexander Sujan; Is the aviation industry ready for resilience? Mapping human factors assumptions across the aviation sector, Kyl

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Book SynopsisAviation remains one of the most active and challenging domains for human factors and applied psychology. Since 1981, the biennial International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (ISAP) has been convened for the purposes of (a) presenting the latest research on human performance problems and opportunities within aviation systems, (b) envisioning design solutions that best utilize human capabilities for creating safe and efficient aviation systems, and (c) bringing together scientists, research sponsors, and operators in an effort to bridge the gap between research and application. Though rooted in the presentations of the 17th ISAP, held in 2013 in Dayton, Ohio, Advances in Aviation Psychology is not simply a collection of selected proceeding papers. Based upon the potential impact on emerging trends, current debates or enduring issues present in their work, select authors were invited to expand on their work following the benefit of interactions at the symposium. The invited authorsTrade Review"This collection of selected symposium papers provides a representative cross-section of the field of aviation psychology and gives readers a good sense of current issues, research progress, and continuing challenges. The keynote addresses provide insightful overviews of several critical topics, and the individual papers illustrate the various research approaches being taken, the power and limitations of those approaches, and the current state of knowledge for a wide range of topics." - Key Dismukes "The editors have created an exceptional selection of chapters ranging from state-of-the-art syntheses to data-driven empirical studies. The raw materials were provided by the 2013 Ohio Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Many conference proceedings lack coherence and consistency but this collection exceeds expectations. Beginning with a fascinating historical overview by the editors the papers cover a number of topical issues including NextGen, ecological interface design and selection and training. Leveson's chapter on system safety is a particular standout. Many of the authors are key figures in their areas and their chapters provide essential reading for anyone with an interest in aviation psychology and human factors. There is a notable geographical diversity of contributions with half-a-dozen chapters authored by European experts. This is far more than an ad hoc collection of conference presentations but is a well-thought out and carefully crafted guide to the latest developments in aviation psychology." - David O'Hare, University of Otago, New ZealandTable of ContentsPart I: Aviation Psychology; Chapter 1: Aviation Psychology: Optimizing Human and System Performance; Chapter 2: Applying Systems Thinking to Aviation Psychology; Chapter 3: An Earthbound Perspective on Orientation Illusions Experienced in Aerospace Flight; Part II: Next Generation Air Space and Air Traffic Control; Chapter 4: NASA NextGen Flight Deck Research: A Database of Research Areas and Results; Chapter 5: Flight Deck Models of Workload and Multitasking: An Overview of Validation; Chapter 6: Clarifying Cognitive Complexity and Controller Strategies in Disturbed Inbound Peak Air Traffic Control Operations; Chapter 7: Ecological Flight Deck Design—The World Behind the Glass; Chapter 8: Risk Perception in Ecological Information Systems; Part III: Pilot Factors for Air and Ground-based Operations; Chapter 9: Implications of Text Chat for Air Crew Communication and Coordination; Chapter 10: Human-centered Automation as Effective Work Design; Chapter 11: Enhancing Military Helicopter Pilot Assistant Systems Through Resource Adaptive Dialogue Management; Chapter 12: Individual Pilot Factors Predict Runway Incursion Outcomes; Part IV: Training and Selection; Chapter 13: Synthetic Task Environments and the Three-Body Problem 1; Chapter 14: Enhancing Management of Complex and Unforeseen Situations Among Pilots: New Trends in Cognitive-Adaptation Training; Chapter 15: Distribution of Attention as a Function of Time: A Different Approach to Measure a Specific Aspect of Situation Awareness

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Book SynopsisThis edited book concerns the real practice of human factors and ergonomics (HF/E), conveying the perspectives and experiences of practitioners and other stakeholders in a variety of industrial sectors, organisational settings and working contexts. The book blends literature on the nature of practice with diverse and eclectic reflections from experience in a range of contexts, from healthcare to agriculture. It explores what helps and what hinders the achievement of the core goals of HF/E: improved system performance and human wellbeing. The book should be of interest to current HF/E practitioners, future HF/E practitioners, allied practitioners, HF/E advocates and ambassadors, researchers, policy makers and regulators, and clients of HF/E services and products.Trade Review"For those who are already working in human factors and ergonomics this book is of major significance. Not only does it synthesise the diverse aspects of this complex issue, it genuinely adds new knowledge in conceptualising and mapping the human factors terrain in a way that provides insight and adds practical value. For those unfamiliar with the territory who may be both enticed and somewhat confused by the vocabulary, this book provides an accessible and balanced account of the subject, shining a bright light on a subject that is much misunderstood. Thirty-one chapters, authored by a tour de force of experts, provide the reader with a set of books within a book; in particular, as it explores human factors and ergonomics across different domains. For anyone who is interested in using their human factors qualifications in the healthcare domain, the book is worth buying simply for the chapter on human factors and ergonomics in healthcare by Ken Catchpole and Shelly Jeffcott.—Dr Suzette Woodward, NHS Litigation Authority, UK"I'll admit I'm slightly biased, as I wrote the Foreword. However, I agreed to write the Foreword because I believe this book fills a unique space. It's an insight into the real, and often messy and challenging world of human factors/ergonomics in practice. It's doesn't just contain small tantalising snippets from the real world, it contains thorough reviews and insight that each industry can learn from. Every industry is on a journey to be better and safer at what it does, each one is at a different stage of that journey and this book has been a great help to me in understanding "how we're doing" and what we could be doing next. An eye opener."—Martin Bromiley OBE, Airline Captain and Chair of Clinical Human Factors Group, UK"I liked this book. It fits well with much of my experience and earlier work for IEA on university EHF courses and on professional EHF competencies - I was chair of the IEA executive committee for ergonomics education and professional certification. It also contains some very useful insights that I can use for my undergraduate and postgraduate courses (example: comments about professional aspects of EHF, definitions and history of EFH). The chapters on specific industries will also be very useful introductions for some of my EHF research students. I would definitely use the book as a prescribed text for my 128.804 course: Ergonomics professional practice."— Stephen Legg, Massey University, New Zealand"The editor’s note the book focuses on the practise of HF/E as a craft (as distinct from the science/engineering sides), and there is much useful discussion on how HF/E practitioners can best organise themselves to be effective, personally and collectively.I’ve always found HF/E practitioners to be an unusually reflective bunch who always provide useful and sometimes profound insights into the nature of work. This book simply reinforces that experience."—SafeGuard, January/February Issue 2018"For those who are already working in human factors and ergonomics this book is of major significance. Not only does it synthesise the diverse aspects of this complex issue, it genuinely adds new knowledge in conceptualising and mapping the human factors terrain in a way that provides insight and adds practical value. For those unfamiliar with the territory who may be both enticed and somewhat confused by the vocabulary, this book provides an accessible and balanced account of the subject, shining a bright light on a subject that is much misunderstood. Thirty-one chapters, authored by a tour de force of experts, provide the reader with a set of books within a book; in particular, as it explores human factors and ergonomics across different domains. For anyone who is interested in using their human factors qualifications in the healthcare domain, the book is worth buying simply for the chapter on human factors and ergonomics in healthcare by Ken Catchpole and Shelly Jeffcott.—Dr Suzette Woodward, NHS Litigation Authority, UK"I'll admit I'm slightly biased, as I wrote the Foreword. However, I agreed to write the Foreword because I believe this book fills a unique space. It's an insight into the real, and often messy and challenging world of human factors/ergonomics in practice. It's doesn't just contain small tantalising snippets from the real world, it contains thorough reviews and insight that each industry can learn from. Every industry is on a journey to be better and safer at what it does, each one is at a different stage of that journey and this book has been a great help to me in understanding "how we're doing" and what we could be doing next. An eye opener."—Martin Bromiley OBE, Airline Captain and Chair of Clinical Human Factors Group, UK"I liked this book. It fits well with much of my experience and earlier work for IEA on university EHF courses and on professional EHF competencies - I was chair of the IEA executive committee for ergonomics education and professional certification. It also contains some very useful insights that I can use for my undergraduate and postgraduate courses (example: comments about professional aspects of EHF, definitions and history of EFH). The chapters on specific industries will also be very useful introductions for some of my EHF research students. I would definitely use the book as a prescribed text for my 128.804 course: Ergonomics professional practice."— Stephen Legg, Massey University, New Zealand"The editor’s note the book focuses on the practise of HF/E as a craft (as distinct from the science/engineering sides), and there is much useful discussion on how HF/E practitioners can best organise themselves to be effective, personally and collectively.I’ve always found HF/E practitioners to be an unusually reflective bunch who always provide useful and sometimes profound insights into the nature of work. This book simply reinforces that experience."—SafeGuard, January/February Issue 2018Table of ContentsIntroduction. Nature of the HF/E Profession Today. Ergonomics and Ergonomists’: Lessons for HF/E Practice from the Past and Present. The Nitty-Gritty of Human Factors. Human Factors and the Ethics of Explaining Failure. Human Factors and Ergonomics in the Media. HF/E Practitioner Roles. HF/E Practitioner Contexts. Integrating Research into Practice in HF/E. The Challenges of Practice-Oriented Research. HF/E Methods in Practice: The Right Tool for the Right Job. Becoming an HF/E Practitioner. HF/E Practice in Aviation: Assisting Human Performance in Aviation Operations. HF/E Practice in the Rail Industry: The Right Way, the Wrong Way and the Railway. HF/E Practice in the Oil & Gas Industry: Capital Projects and Human Capital. Human Factors in Healthcare. Challenges and Opportunities. HF/E Practice in the Nuclear Industry: Helping to Deliver Safety in a High-Hazard Industry. HF/E Practice in Military Aviation: On Time and on Target. HF/E in the Construction and Demolition Industry. HF/E Practice in Manufacturing: Integration in the Engineering Design Processes. HF/E Practice in user Experience: Demonstrating Value in a Fast-Growing Field. HF/E Practice for Consumer Product Design: Differentiating Products by Better Design. HF/E Practice in Web Engineering and Operations. HF/E Practice in Inclusive Design: making Accessibility Mainstream. HF/E Practice in Agriculture: The Challenges of Variety and Complexity. Selling ‘Ergonomic’ Products: Different Approaches for Different Applications. Human and Organisational Factors in Regulation: Views from a Former Regulator. Communicating with Decision Makers: Getting the Board on Board. Engaging Participants in Human Factors and Ergonomics. Writing as an HF/E Practitioner. Public and Social Media Engagement for HF/E Practitioners: Outreach, Research and Networking. Afterword.

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Book SynopsisManaging the Risks of Organizational Accidents introduced the notion of an 'organizational accident'. These are rare but often calamitous events that occur in complex technological systems operating in hazardous circumstances. They stand in sharp contrast to 'individual accidents' whose damaging consequences are limited to relatively few people or assets. Although they share some common causal factors, they mostly have quite different causal pathways. The frequency of individual accidents - usually lost-time injuries - does not predict the likelihood of an organizational accident. The book also elaborated upon the widely-cited Swiss Cheese Model. Organizational Accidents Revisited extends and develops these ideas using a standardized causal analysis of some 10 organizational accidents that have occurred in a variety of domains in the nearly 20 years that have passed since the original was published. These analyses provide the 'raw data' for the process of drilling down into the underlTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part 1: Refreshers; The "Anatomy’ of an Organizational Accident; Error-Enforcing Conditions; Part 2: Additions Science 1977; Safety Management Systems; Resident Pathogens; Ten Case Studies of Organizational Accidents; Foresight Training; Alternative Views; Retrospect and Prospect; Taking Stock; Heroic Recoveries

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Book SynopsisThe ways in which organizations make use of information available to them to make decisions and manage activity is an essential topic of investigation for human factors. When the information is uncertain, incomplete or subject to change, then decision making and activity management can become challenging. Under such circumstances, it has become commonplace to use the concept of sensemaking as the lens through which to view organizational behavior. This book offers a unique perspective on sensemaking through its consideration of the variety of ways in which Incident Response is managed by the Police. As an incident moves from the initial call handling to subsequent mobilization of response to first officer attending, a wide range of information is acquired, processed and shared, and the organization (and individuals who work within it) face challenges of making sense of the situation to which they are responding. Moving from routine incidents to large-scale emergencies, the authorTrade Review"This book is of most value to the individuals who seek to make sense of sensemaking as a social activity which transpires differently in varying contexts. The authors take the reader on the journey from individual sensemaking to a multi-agency, multi-level sensemaking; from routine and simplistic situations to high-risk, high-volatility, and high-uncertainty events. In conclusion, the reader will learn about possible solutions to enhance the performance of diverse teams, even in most stressful situations. In conclusion, it is my opinion that the authors have successfully reached their goal of introducing distributed cognition as a valid and intriguing member of the family of sensemaking theories. The principles of the theory promise to initiate further research into the phases of sensemaking, especially in the context of our rapidly changing world." —Olga Kozlova, Marquette University, USA Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction; Individual Sensemaking; Sensemaking with Artefacts; Collaborative Sensemaking; Command and Control in the UK Emergency Services; Sensemaking in Command and Control; Managing Routine Incidents; Distributed Cognition in Routine Incidents; Responding to Major Incidents; Distributed Cognition in Major Incidents; The Challenges of Interoperability; Sensemaking and Organisational Structure in Emergency Response; Common Operating Pictures; Discussion

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Book SynopsisResearching Patient Safety and Quality in Health Care: A Nordic Perspective is an anthology based on contributions from leading researchers on quality and safety in healthcare in the Nordic countries together with four internationally renowned patient safety authors. Research on patient safety and quality has been dominated by countries such as the USA, England, Canada, and Australia. This book addresses the current debates in research on patient safety and quality in healthcare from a Nordic perspective. What are the flavours of Nordic research within these topics? What does it add to the international research literature? This book illustrates the unique nature of researching patient safety and quality with the Nordic perspective as well as showcasing representative work. The book presents an overview of the status and evidence of international and Nordic research on quality and safety in healthcare. Four different perspectives are used to present the trends within the research fielTable of ContentsIntroduction. Status of Nordic Research on Patient Safety and Quality of Care. Section I Perspectives on Patient Safety and Quality in Healthcare. Patient-Centred Care in the Nordic Countries. Studying Patient Safety and Quality from Different Methodological Angles and Perspectives. What Is the Role of Theory in Research on Patient Safety and Quality Improvement?: Is There a Nordic Perspective to Theorising? Working in an Institutionally Layered System on Patient Safety and Quality. Section II Contemporary Nordic Research – Macro-Political Issues. Centralisation Efforts to Improve the Quality of Care and Reduce the Costs in Healthcare Systems. National Clinical Registries: Ten Years of Experience with Improving Quality of Care in Denmark. Side Effects of Overdoing It: Lessons from a Comprehensive Hospital Accreditation Programme. Section III Contemporary Nordic Research – Meso-Political Issues. A Multidisciplinary and Multiactor Approach to Falls Prevention: The RFPNetwork. Coordination of Discharge Practices for Elderly Patients in Light of a Norwegian Healthcare Reform. Leading Quality and Patient Safety Improvement in Norwegian Hospitals. Section IV Contemporary Nordic Research – Micro-Level Issues. Telecare in Home Healthcare Services: Implications for Quality and Safety. Coping with Complexity: Sensemaking in Specialised Home Care. Administration of Intravenous Medication: Process Variation across Hospital Wards. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisDistributed Cognition and Reality puts theory into practice, as the first book to show how to apply the Perceptual Cycle Model in aviation decision making. Based on case studies, critical incident interviews and live observations in cockpits, the authors develop a new way to understand how pilots and crews make decisions. This book will be useful for practitioners involved in accident and incident investigations and decision-making training, researchers and students within the disciplines of Aviation, Human Factors, Ergonomics, Engineering, Computer Science, and Psychology.Dr Katherine L Plant is a New Frontiers Fellow in Human Factors Engineering at the University of Southampton in the UK. In 2014 she was awarded the Honourable Company of Air Pilots Prize for Aviation Safety Research. Professor Neville A Stanton holds the Chair in Human Factors Engineering at the University of Southampton in the UK. In 2007 The Royal Aeronautical Society awardeTrade ReviewThe perceptual-cycle model (PCM) is one of the few approaches that truly integrates humans, systems, and environments. Plant and Stanton's thorough and detailed explanation of PCM, along with its application to understanding pilot decision making in critical situations, is a tremendously valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in this field. This book will be indispensable for all of us in the field of aviation human factors.Professor Steven Landry, Purdue University, USAPlant and Stanton have produced a remarkable piece of work in the field of aeronautical decision making. As an expert in the field, I find the Perceptual Cycle Model is extremely interesting. This book will be a valuable reference for accident analysis in practice as well as offering new research directions in the field. Prof Guy André Boy, Florida Institute of Technology, USAThis book challenges existing cognitive explanations of decision making to look beyond individual models and consider the dynamic collaborations between crew members.This book provides an analytic framework for improving our understanding of the precursors to critical events.A key contribution is to demonstrate the practical utility of tools that have a strong theoretical foundation. Professor Chris Johnson, University of Glasgow, UKThis book deserves a large audience and the theory is applicable to much wider domains for investigating incidents in other safety-critical systems. It moves significantly beyond the state-of-the-art accounts of learning from (human) error and contains many stimulating ideas for future research and practice in cognitive systems. I can highly recommend this book to engineers, practitioners, and academics who work on improving the safety of complex socio-technical systems, both through their design and in training the human operators. Professor Max Mulder, Technical University Delft, The NetherlandsTable of ContentsIntroduction. Schema Theory: Past, Present, and Future. A Case Study of the Kegworth Plane Crash: Understanding Local Rationality with the Perceptual Cycle Model. A Pilot Study: Using the Perceptual Cycle Model and Critical Decision Method to Understand Decision-Making Processes in the Cockpit. Examining the Validity of Neisser’s Perceptual Cycle Model with Accounts from Critical Decision-Making in the Cockpit. The Development of a Perceptual Cycle Classification Scheme. The Schema World Action Research Method (SWARM) for Understanding Perceptual Cycle Processes. Team Perceptual Cycle Processes. Exploring Distributed Cognition in Search and Rescue Teams.

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Book SynopsisPre-Accident Investigations: Better Questions - An Applied Approach to Operational Learning challenges safety and reliability professionals to get better answers by asking better questions. A provocative examination of human performance and safety management, the book delivers a thought-provoking discourse about how we work, and defines a new approach to operational learning.This is not a book about traditional safety. This is a book about creating real safety in your organization. In order to predict incidents before they happen, an organization should first understand how their processes can result in failure. Instead of managing the outcomes, they must learn to manage and understand the processes used to create them.Ideal for use in safety, human performance, psychology, cognitive and decision making, systems engineering, and risk assessment areas, this book equips the safety professional with the tools, steps, and models of success needed to Trade Review"In his forward to the book, Professor Sidney Dekker says that questions such as "What rule was broken?" or "What should the consequences be?" are no longer good questions because they are short-sighted and elicit short-sighted answers. Ask better questions and you get the kind of answers that will actually help show the way forward. In this he echoes the aims of this thoroughly entertaining and thought provoking book."—The RoSPA OS&H Journal, October 2016 IssueTable of ContentsBetter Questions. I Hate, "You Can’t Fix Stupid!". To Ask Better Questions, First Understand and Stop Blame. Access Knowledge from the Field and the Floor. Not Knowing Is Powerful. There Is Good News. Why Learning Has Not Been Our First, Best Tool. A Learning Team Case Study. Why We Do Not Learn? Learning Teams. A Phased Approach to Learning Teams. When to Learn? Let It Marinate: Build in Time to Think. Change Happens! Shout from the Rooftop. A Learning Team Case Study. Conclusion: This Book Ends and Your Work Begins.

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Book SynopsisEnhancing Surgical Performance: A Primer in Non-Technical Skills explains why non-technical skills are vital for safe and effective performance in the operating theatre. The book provides a full account, with supporting empirical evidence, of the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) system and behavioural rating framework, which helps identify the key elements involved in successful operative surgery. The editors spent the last twelve years as part of the team developing and testing the NOTSS system and delivering presentations and workshops across the world. Readers will benefit by having, in one accessible handbook, a description of the NOTSS system and how it can be used for training, assessment, self-reflection and event analysis.The book also examines human error, performance limitations, and global safety initiatives in surgery. Because it encourages surgeons to reflect on their own performance and behaviour, it is suitable for surgeons in aTrade Review"Describes very well the process of thought, judgement, analysis and evaluation of risk by surgeons. It emphasises the role of the surgeon as a leader and setting up and maintenance of standards… This book explores a new dimension in the operating theatre environment. It is therefore a unique book." —(BMA Council Chair's Choice, chosen by Dr Mark Porter, BMA Medical Book Awards 2016)"I am in awe of the knowledge and deep understanding possessed [by the] … contributors of this very important complementary set of skills that not only should but must be embraced by all surgical teams …"—Bruce Barraclough, Former President, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons "It defines the types of decision making that surgeons make on a daily basis without necessarily being aware of how they reached those decisions. I believe having this insight will help improve performance."—Professor Sir Norman S. Williams, Past President, Royal College of Surgeons of England"Describes very well the process of thought, judgement, analysis and evaluation of risk by surgeons. It emphasises the role of the surgeon as a leader and setting up and maintenance of standards… This book explores a new dimension in the operating theatre environment. It is therefore a unique book." —(BMA Council Chair's Choice, chosen by Dr Mark Porter, BMA Medical Book Awards 2016)"I am in awe of the knowledge and deep understanding possessed [by the] … contributors of this very important complementary set of skills that not only should but must be embraced by all surgical teams …"—Bruce Barraclough, Former President, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons "It defines the types of decision making that surgeons make on a daily basis without necessarily being aware of how they reached those decisions. I believe having this insight will help improve performance."—Professor Sir Norman S. Williams, Past President, Royal College of Surgeons of EnglandTable of ContentsSurgical Performance: Recognition of the Challenge. Intraoperative Performance, Non‑Technical Skills and Surgical Safety. Human Factors: The Science Behind Non‑Technical Skills. Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons: The NOTSS Behaviour Marker System. Underpinning Concepts. Situation Awareness. Decision Making. Teamwork and Communication. Leadership. Performance-Shaping Factors. Implementation and Improvement. Training Methods For Non-Technical Skills. Assessing Non-Technical Skills in the Operating Room. What Next? Development of Non‑Technical Skills.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses management decision-making under accident conditions as a vehicle to confirm the importance of clear decision-making guided by a systems approach on how an organization functions related to the role of managers, operators, and the operation of the plant. The book shows how to effectively assess the reliability of an organization particularly those organizations responsible for critical infrastructure.   The authors have used Stafford Beer's cybernetic model as a basis to model the behavior and reliability of such organizations.  A series of case studies are used to draw conclusions not only how training, experience, and education can improve the strategy and response of management to reduce the probability of an economic or social disaster, but also draw attention to the fact that managers need to be made aware of the consequences of their decisions. Poor management decisions made under stress conditions can lead to the collapse of an orTable of ContentsIntroduction to Nuclear and Other HROs Safety and Economic Risk Issues. Background. Cybernetic Organizational Model: Beer’s Viable Systems Model (VSM). Introduction to Probability Risk Assessment (PRA). Case Studies of Accidents for Different Industries. Review of NRC Records on Normal, Abnormal and Accident Situations. Lessons Learned: Each of the Above Series of Accidents/Situations is Reviewed from the Point of View of Decisions Taken, by whom and When and then Related to VSM Structure. Interpretation of Beer’s Model as far as Failure in Individual Pathways between Functions Leading; Errors of Decision Making, Communication, Actions at Various Levels Within an Organization. Psychological Differences between Manager and Operators and Impact on Accident Control and Mitigation. Discussion of Simulation Techniques to Improve Training of Both Front-line Operators and Management. Approaches to Preparing Organizations to Combat Accidents. References. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisAn Insightful Guide to Avoiding Offshore Oil- and Gas-Industry Disaster Designing, constructing, operating, and maintaining offshore oil and gas industry equipment and systems can sometimes result in accidents, injuries, and other serious problems. Safety and Reliability in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Practical Approach focuses on oil and gas industry equipment reliability, offers useful and up-to-date information on the subject, and covers in a single volume the most common safety and reliability engineering issues in the oil and gas industry. The book introduces the latest developments in the area, and provides relevant methods and approaches. It also presents important aspects of various case studies on major accidents in the oil and gas industry, and considers human factors that contribute to accidents and fatalities in the area of oil and gas.Additionally, this book describes: Trade Review"… one of a kind book… The author took meticulous care in translating the most complex and difficult concepts in safety and reliability engineering and provided a simple, easy to use step-by-step approach."—Dr. Subramanyam Naidu Rayapati, Agile CloudTech, LLC, Austin, Texas, USA"This book leaves no stone unturned as a reference to the safety engineer/professional working in the field. Many of the sites are referenced, which makes it easy for those who desire more information to find it."—Paul E. West, Safety Manager/College Professor, Navarro College, Corsicana, Texas, USA"Assists in developing and designing better engineering systems in the oil and gas industry … Provides case studies of oil tanker spill-related accidents and oil tanker spill analysis … well organized and presented."—Dr. Kouorush Jenab, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA"The book covers important issues related to reliability and safety analysis in oil and gas industry. There are many examples, illustrations…and interesting case studies."—Janusz Sosnowski, Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland Table of ContentsIntroduction. Basic Mathematical Concepts. Safety and Reliability Basics. Methods for Performing Safety and Reliability Analyses in the Oil and Gas Industry. Safety in Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Case Studies of Oil Tanker Spill-Related Accidents and Oil Tanker Spill Analysis. Human Factors Contribution to Accidents in the Oil and Gas Industry and Fatalities in the Industry. Case Studies of Maintenance Influence on Major Accidents in Oil and Gas Industry and Safety Instrumented Systems and Their Spurious Activation in Oil and Gas Industry. Oil and Gas Industry Accident Data and Accident Data Analysis. Oil and Gas Industry Equipment Reliability. Mathematical Models for Performing Safety and Reliability Analyses in Oil and Gas Industry. Appendix.

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Book SynopsisUsing the authors many years of experience in emergency services and his skills as a hazardous materials consultant, prepares the first responder to handle everything from re-establishing control and on-scene triage to investigating the crime. Including information on pre-incident and avoidance tactics, the author also discusses monitoring and detection techniques, protective equipment and decontamination, and an extensive list of resource organizations and training opportunities. This up-to-date 3rd edition is written to provide concise information for emergency responders who might be called upon to confront explosive, chemical, nuclear, biological, or incendiary acts of terrorism. Trade Review"Robert Burke’s book is an eye opener; Terrorism is real and we are not immune from any form of Terrorist Activities.Robert Burke addresses the real true problem in domestic Terrorism and Global Terrorism. "Fear is winner" when any type of terror attack occurs. No matter how we may be prepared the Terrorist have been scouting our weakness constantly. "Thus we have become weaken from all dimensions" We must hold our resolve from our previous lesson in order to prevail in the future from Terrorism."— William (BJ) Jetter, University of Cincinnati, Greater Cincinnati Hazardous Material Unit. Duty Officer, USA"This is a terrific resource for any emergency responder from a small-town volunteer to a large city professional who may be called upon to respond to a WMD event. For those with little to no hazardous materials training it is an exhaustive work. For those trained in CBRNE is it a thorough review. A text that can and should be referred to often. It is a very useful tool."— Michael F. Roeshman, Deputy Chief/HazMat Chief, Philadelphia Fire Department (Retired), PATable of Contents1. Introduction 2. History of terrorism 3. Foiled terrorist plots: Successes in terrorism prevention 4. Evolution of terrorism and terrorist groups 5. Active shooter 6. Explosive terrorism characteristics of explosives and explosions 7. Improvised explosive devices and suicide bombers 8. Chemical terrorist agents 9. Biological terrorist agents 10. Nuclear terrorism 11. Incendiary terrorism 12. Monitoring and detection equipment for terrorist agents 13. Personal protective equipment (PPE) and decontamination for terrorist agents 14. Response to acts of terrorism 15. Terrorism resources and response training 16. Future of terrorism

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Book SynopsisBiomechanics applies the laws and techniques of mechanics in the study of biological systems and related phenomena. Biomechanics uses mathematical and computational tools such as model construction of musclo-skeletal system, body fluid circulation, to aid medical diagnosis, therapeutics and surgery planning, designing of prostheses and implants or in tissue engineering. Present book targets specific topics pertaining to the biomechanics of soft tissues. Subjects addressed includes solids and multi-species mixtures as open systems: a continuum mechanics perspective; electro-chemo-mechanical couplings: tissues with a fixed electric charge and growth of biological tissues.Table of ContentsBiomechanical topics in soft tissues. Solids and multi-species mixtures as open systems: a continuum mechanics perspective. Elements of continuum mechanics. Thermodynamic properties of fluids. Multi-species mixtures as thermodynamically open systems. Anisotropic and conewise elasticity. Hyperelasticity, a purely mechanical point of view. Poroelasticity with a single porosity. Viscoelasticity and poro-viscoelasticity. Thermoelasticity and thermo-poroelasticity. Transfers of mass, momentum and energy. Waves in thermoelastic solids and saturated porous media. Electro-chemo-mechanical couplings : tissues with a fixed electric charge. Directional averaging and mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced tissues. Electro-chemo-mechanical couplings. Chemo-mechanical couplings in articular cartilages. Passive transport in the interstitium and circulation: basics. Coupled transportsin tissues endowed with a fixed electric charge. Effects of pH on the transport and mechanical properties of articular cartilages. Finite element analysis of electro-chemo-mechanical couplings. Two lamellar tissues: cornea and annulus fibrosus. Active transport. Growth of biological tissues. Tissue Engineering: overview of biochemical data and mechanical modeling. Growth of soft tissues. Kinematics, formulation and examples. Elastic-growing solids. Thermodynamically consistent growth laws. Elastic-growing mixtures. Solid tumors: biochemical overview and mechanical modeling. Units and physical constants. Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis book brings several original contributions to research and practical applications in the field of mass customization from the designer, manufacturer, and customer perspectives respectively. It presents advancements in product design for mass customization, design of assembly and supply chain processes, variety induced complexity models, complexity management, marketing tools, information systems to support decision-making, and critical success factors of this manufacturing and marketing strategy.. A special focus of interest is also on the use of product configurators in practice and sustainability assessment for mass customization strategy. The aim is to disseminate current developments and approaches for further theoretical investigation and practical applications of mass customized manufacturing systems.Table of ContentsAn Introduction to Mass Customized Manufacturing. Designing Assembly Lines for Mass Customization Production Systems. Role of Information Systems in Mass Customization.Complexity Issues in Mass Customized Manufacturing. Modelling of Assembly Supply Chain Structures. Variety-Induced Complexity Metrics. Product Variety Management Assuming Product Configuration Conflicts. Product Configuration for Order Acquisition and Fulfilment. Shoes Configurators: a Comparative Analysis of Capabilities and Benefits. Empirical Investigation on Implications of Configurator Applications for Mass Customization. Sustainability Assessments for Mass Customization Supply Chains. Sustainability Issues in Mass Customized Manufacturing.

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Book SynopsisCurrently people deal with various entities (such as hardware, software, buildings, spaces, communities and other people), to meet specific goals while going about their everyday activities in work and leisure environments. These entities have become more and more complex and incorporate functions that hitherto had never been allocated such as automation, use in virtual environments, connectivity, personalization, mobility and friendliness. This book contributes to the analysis of human-system interactions from the perspective of ergonomics, regardless of how simple or complex they are, while incorporating the needs of users and workers in a healthy safe, efficient and enjoyable manner.This book provides a comprehensive review of the state of the art of current ergonomic in design methods and techniques that are being applied to products, machinery, equipment, workstations and systems while taking new technologies and their applications into consideration. <Table of ContentsTheoretical Issues. Multimodal Information Transfer by Means of Adaptive Controlling Torques during Primary and Secondary Task. Time Structure Analysis in Ergonomic Design with Cognitive and Manual Components of Work. From Vision Science to Design Practice. Bridging Fashion Design and Color Effects – the ColorErg. Communication Efficiency and Inclusiveness in the Corporate Visual Identity. Aspects of the Usability Assessment in the Multicultural Approach. Ergonomic and Wayfinding Design: Principles, Standards and Visual Code. Boundaries of Human Factors and Sustainability in Architecture. The Virtual Reality Devices Applied to Digital Games: a Literature Review. Human Characteristics in Design. Application of 3D Full Body Scanner in Ergonomics. Biomechanics and Psychophysics of Manual Strength Design on Different Interfaces. Digital Hand Model for Grip Comfort Evaluation. Classroom Ergonomics: a Portuguese University Study. Methodological Issues. Designing User-Oriented Future Ship Bridges – An Approach for Radical Concept Design. Urban Furniture as an Ergonomic Factor, through a New Color Planning Methodology. Design Requirements for a Spectacle-type Device in Rapid Visual Referencing. Ergonomic Design Thinking – A Project Management model for Workplace Design. Development Tools for Intelligent Systems. Older Workers and Virtual Environments: Usability Evaluation of a Prototype for Safety Sign Research. Percept Walk: Promoting Perception Awareness on the Elderly with Low Vision. Design of Interfaces for Seniors in the Context of Health Care. Design Development. Human Body- Sleep System Interaction in Young Adult Residence: A Methodology and Tool for Measure and Evaluation of Interaction Patterns Using a Software iSEE with Observation of Postural Behaviors during Sleep. Applications of Haptic Devices and Virtual Reality in Consumer Products Usability Evaluation. Hazard Perception of 3D Household Pack-ages: A Study Using a Virtual Environment. Certain Ergonomic Considerations and Design Solutions Connected with the Safety and Comfort of City Buses. School Supplies Transportation System: an Ergonomic Approach between Two Distinct Realities. Improving Bus Travel through Inclusive Service Design. Enhancing Sustainability Embodying Human Factors in Building Design. Design Requirements for a Spectacle-type Device in Rapid Visual Referencing. Dressing Autonomy for Frozen Shoulder Users: Analysis of Five Different Tops.

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Book SynopsisThis book will address key organizational issues that must be considered and addressed when implementing Lean business practices. The book offers solutions for many of the challenges, provides a resource that leaders can use in addressing cultural and regulatory issues, provides means to address the associated people issues and the challenging task of knowledge retention and succession planning. Vignettes are used to illustrate and provide examples of potential issues and solutions that can be considered for resolving issues and a case study demonstrating ways to address the technical and people aspects of implementing Lean to ensure project success.Trade Review"This book discusses organizational issues that needs to be addressed when implementing Lean: it constitutes a valuable addition to the existing Lean Six Sigma literature, as it covers aspects, such as culture, leadership and regulatory issues, that are often not covered in details in other texts, that tend to give more space to the technical/tools aspects."— Alessandro Laureani, Strathclyde University, United Kingdom Table of ContentsLean Thinking Overview. The Lean Thinking Leadership Team. Lean Culture. Employee Engagement. Succession Planning Strategy. Talent Management and Retention Strategy. Employee Development and Training. Environment Safety & Health. Lean Implementation Case Study.

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Book SynopsisToday, engineering systems are an important element of the world economy and each year billions of dollars are spent to develop, manufacture, operate, and maintain various types of engineering systems around the globe. Many of these systems are highly sophisticated and contain millions of parts. For example, a Boeing jumbo 747 is made up of approximately 4.5 million parts including fasteners. Needless to say, reliability, safety, and maintenance of systems such as this have become more important than ever before. Global competition and other factors are forcing manufacturers to produce highly reliable, safe, and maintainable engineering products. Therefore, there is a definite need for the reliability, safety, and maintenance professionals to work closely during design and other phases. Engineering Systems Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance: An Integrated Approach eliminates the need to consult many different and diverse sources in the hunt for the informatioTrade Review "The unique strength of this book is an integrated approach covering the fields of Reliability, Safety and Maintenance with all the foundational materials, methods and detailed applications with step by step approach to leverage.The author is an International Authority in the fields Reliability, Safety and Maintenance Engineering. The primary strength of this book is the integrated approach covering the fields of Reliability, Safety and Maintenance Engineering fields. The book covers some of the most relevant applications of 21st Century such as Internet, Robotics, Software, Mining, Medical, Aerospace, Navy and various real life Transportation Systems. The author has simplified the most difficult & complex concepts and methods into simple, easy to use, step-by-step approach. This is a major differentiation for the book. This book will be extremely useful to not only senior Under Graduate Students but also useful to Graduate students, Researchers and various Engineering Professionals."— Subramanyam Naidu Rayapati, Agile CloudTech, LLC., USA"Reliability, safety and maintenance are the key issues in contemporary systems as they become more and more complex. Following a general overview of the significance of these issues, this book presents a systematic survey of fundamental concepts assuring the above mentioned system features. This book is unique due to combining reliability, safety and maintenance issues in one volume, moreover the presented considerations refer to systems and practical problems from different domains; e.g. robot, transportation, aviation, medicine and other industries."— Janusz Sosnowski, Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland"The unique strength of this book is an integrated approach covering the fields of Reliability, Safety and Maintenance with all the foundational materials, methods and detailed applications with step by step approach to leverage. The author is an International Authority in the fields Reliability, Safety and Maintenance Engineering. The primary strength of this book is the integrated approach covering the fields of Reliability, Safety and Maintenance Engineering fields. The book covers some of the most relevant applications of 21st Century such as Internet, Robotics, Software, Mining, Medical, Aerospace, Navy and various real life Transportation Systems. The author has simplified the most difficult & complex concepts and methods into simple, easy to use, step-by-step approach. This is a major differentiation for the book. This book will be extremely useful to not only senior Under Graduate Students but also useful to Graduate students, Researchers and various Engineering Professionals."— Subramanyam Naidu Rayapati, Agile CloudTech, LLC., USA"Reliability, safety and maintenance are the key issues in contemporary systems as they become more and more complex. Following a general overview of the significance of these issues, this book presents a systematic survey of fundamental concepts assuring the above mentioned system features. This book is unique due to combining reliability, safety and maintenance issues in one volume, moreover the presented considerations refer to systems and practical problems from different domains; e.g. robot, transportation, aviation, medicine and other industries."— Janusz Sosnowski, Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, PolandTable of ContentsIntroduction. Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance Mathematics. Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance Basics. Methods for Performing Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance Analysis of Engineering Systems. Computer, Internet, and Robot Systems Reliability. Transportation Systems Failures and Human Error in Transportation Systems. Software, Robot, and Transportation Systems Safety. Medical and Mining Systems Safety. Software and Reliability Centered Maintenance. Maintenance Safety and Human Error in Aviation and Power Plant Maintenance. Mathematical Models for Performing Engineering Systems Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance Analysis. Appendix – Bibliography of Literature on Engineering Systems Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance.

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Book SynopsisBuilding on the success of previous editions, the 4th edition of Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics' provides a comprehensive and up to date introduction to the field. The new edition places the subject matter into a system context using a human-machine model to structure the chapters and a knowledge application model to structure the organisation of material in each chapter. Every chapter covers: Core Concepts, Basic Applications, Tools and Processes, and System Integration issues regardless of topic. Includes over 200 exercises and essays (at least ten per chapter). An Instructor's Manual, A Guide to Tutorials and Seminars and and over 500 powerpoint slides are available for academic users from the publisher. All chapters contain HFE Workshop' sections with practical guidance and worked examples. Please see the TOC for more information.Trade Review"The most important thing I found in this book is the selection of topics. I should say Dr. Bridger gave the foremost emphasis on the inclusion of specific topics for future students and researchers who may be interested to contribute the knowledge in the betterment of the society. So, the interesting part of this book, in each chapter there is a section where the author identifies the integration of specific topic with its system component.I am definite, in near future, this book will be treated as the most dependable text book for students and at the same time as the most helpful guide for researchers."— Somnath Gangopadhyay, University of Calcutta, IndiaTable of ContentsPrologue: Human Factors and Ergonomics in Systems Design and Project Management. Human Factors and Ergonomics from the Earliest Times to the Present. The Body as a Mechanical System. Anthropometry, Workstation and Facilities Design. Standing and Sitting at Work. Repetitive Tasks. Risk Assessment and Task Design. Design of Manual Handling and Load Carriage Tasks. Work Capacity, Stress, Fatigue and Recovery. Job Demands, Health and Well-being for a Changing Population. Working in hot and Cold Climates. The Visual Environment. Measurement and Design. Hearing, Sound, Noise and Vibration. The Mind at Work: Intention, Action and Interpretation. Displays and Controls. Interactive Devices and the Internet. HFE in Accident Investigation and Safety Management. System Stability and Sustainability. Appendix A. Glossary. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book argues for a prospective turn in ergonomics to challenge the established fields of strategic design (SD) and management. Its multi-disciplinary outlook builds upon concepts derived from Management, Innovation and Design Science. Differences, similarities and relationships between strategic design and prospective ergonomics are reviewed using existing theories and frameworks from design, ergonomics, and strategic and innovation management. To complement the theory, 12 cases have been analyzed in greater depth according to 4 main dimensions of analysis. Outcomes have shown that innovating through the Prospective Ergonomics (PE) approach is about finding the right balance between, on the one hand, meeting primary objectives such as profit maximization or solving the design problem, and on the other, acknowledging that human activity is bounded by rationality. This means that humans have diverse motives. Table of Contents1. Perspectives and Transitions in Ergonomics. 2. Management and Ergonomic Approaches toward Innovation and Design. 3. Ergonomic Interventions on Management Frameworks. 4. Research Organization. 5. Analysis of 12 Design Case Studies. 6. Cross-Comparison of Cases. 7. Discussion.

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Book SynopsisThis book seeks to extend the boundaries of aviation psychology in two interrelated ways: by broadening the focus of aviation psychology beyond the flight deck to the whole aviation system; and by discussing new theoretical developments which are shaping this applied discipline. A key feature of these theoretical advances is that they are grounded in a more developed, ecologically valid, understanding of practice. Among the issues addressed in this new integration of theory and practice are the following: what goes on in the flight deck is dependent on the wider organisational context; human factors issues in aircraft maintenance and grounding are critical to aviation safety; our capacity to learn from aviation accidents and incidents needs to be supported by more systematic human factors investigation and research; we must also develop our understanding of the human factors of accident survival as well as accident prevention; theories of crew coordination and decision making must be supported by an analysis of how decisions are actually made in the real world with all its stresses and constraints; training should be grounded in a thoroughgoing analysis of the complexity of the job and a full understanding of the training process itself. The text will be of interest to human factors researchers and practitioners in aviation and related areas. It will be of particular relevance to those who have a role in training, management or regulation throughout the aviation system.Trade Review’This book offers a timely contribution to the aviation psychology scene. The editors and contributors cover a wide range of the subject and have excellent experience to draw upon...The layout is clear and easily understandable...the editors are to be congratulated on their achievement.’ Aerospace ’This book would readily serve as a text book for an Introductory Aviation/Psychology course, as well as an excellent refresher for those involved in the practice of aviation psychology. The book is printed on good quality paper; it is well bound and benefits from numerous tables and figures. It certainly seems worth its price and will return many benefits to those who invest in it.’ Aviation, Space and Environmental MedicineTable of ContentsContents: Foreword by Captain Daniel Maurino: International Civil Aviation Organization; Introduction: Applied psychology and aviation: Issues of theory and practice, Nick McDonald: Trinity College Dublin and Neil Johnson: Aer Lingus and Trinity College Dublin. The Aviation Socio-technical System: Organizational safety culture: Implications for aviation practice, Nick Pidgeon: Birkbeck College, London and Mike O’Leary: British Airways and Birkbeck College, London; Philosophy, policies, procedures and practice: The four Ps of flight deck operations, Asaf Degani: San Jose State University Foundation and NASA-Ames Research Center and Earl L. Wiener: University of Miami; The management of safety on the airport ramp, Nick McDonald and Ray Fuller: Trinity College Dublin; Human error in aircraft maintenance, David A. Marx and R. Curtis Graeber: Boeing Commercial Aircraft Group; Passenger safety, Helen G. Muir: Cranfield University. Learning from Accidents: Investigation of human factors: The link to accident prevention, Peter G. Harle: Transportation Safety Board of Canada; Using voluntary incident reports for human factors evaluation, Sheryl L. Chappell: NASA-Ames Research Center. New Theoretical Models: Behaviour analysis and aviation safety, Ray Fuller: Trinity College Dublin; Cognitive Task Analysis in air traffic controller and aviation crew training, Richard E. Redding: Human Technology Inc. and Thomas L. Seamster: Carlow International Inc.; Aeronautical Decision Making: The next generation, George L. Kaempf and Gary Klein: Klein Associates Inc.; Shared problem models and flight crew performance, Judith M. Orasanu: NASA-Ames Research Center; Stress and crew performance: Challenges for aeronautical decision making training, Carolyn Prince, Clint A. Bowers and Eduardo Salas: US Naval Training Systems Centre. The Delivery of Training: Crew resource management: Achieving enhanced flight operations, William R. Taggart: The University of Texas at Austin; Improv

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Book SynopsisAfter a quick survey of the famous pioneers of human movement analysis and the actual needs in different domains, this book presents the main types of systems available on the market (with the pros and cons), and then details the most widely used: the optoelectronic systems using passive markers. The theoretical background for joint kinematics calculation is explained, specifying the international standardization for parameters reports. One chapter is dedicated to measurement errors and their management, followed by several applications, mostly in the clinical field.Table of ContentsFOREWORD ix CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND STATE OF THE ART 1 1.1. Historical benchmarks 2 1.2. Current needs in different domains 9 1.2.1. Simulation of movement in ergonomics 9 1.2.2. The command of humanoid robots 11 1.2.3. The analysis of sporting movements 13 1.2.4. Clinical applications of movement analysis 14 CHAPTER 2. THE DIFFERENT MOVEMENT ANALYSIS DEVICES AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET 17 2.1. Which tools for different applications? 17 2.2. Optical capture systems and passive tags 24 2.2.1. Working principle of an optical system with passive markers 24 2.2.2. Implementation steps of an experimental protocol using this type of system 30 CHAPTER 3. FROM MEASUREMENT TO INTERPRETATION 35 3.1. The different parameters 35 3.2. Recommendations by the International Society of Biomechanics to standardize the presentation of joint angles 49 3.3. Joint translations or displacements 54 CHAPTER 4. ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT 59 4.1. Instrumental errors 59 4.2. Experimental errors 60 4.2.1. Soft tissue artifacts 61 4.3. Error in locating anatomical landmarks 68 4.3.1. Assessment 68 4.3.2. Sensitivity of joint kinematics to these errors 71 CHAPTER 5. SOME CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 73 5.1. Evolution of biomechanical parameters of gait in infants, from first steps to 7 years old 74 5.1.1. Materials and methods 74 5.1.2. Results and discussion 76 5.2. Upper limb, assessment of functional movements 81 5.3. Mobility of a healthy cervical spine 87 5.3.1. Materials and methods 87 5.3.2. Results and discussion 91 5.4. Changes in the three-dimensional kinematics of the knee with medial compartment arthrosis 94 5.4.1. Materials and methods 95 5.4.2. Results and discussion 99 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY 107 INDEX 129

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Book SynopsisThis book, on the ergonomics of human−machine systems, is aimed at engineers specializing in informatics, automation, production or robotics, who are faced with a significant dilemma during the conception of human−machine systems. On the one hand, the human operator guarantees the reliability of the system and has been known to salvage numerous critical situations through an ability to reason in unplanned, imprecise and uncertain situations; on the other hand, the human operator can be unpredictable and create disturbances in the automated system. The first part of the book is dedicated to the methods of human-centered design, from three different points of view, the various chapters focusing on models developed by human engineers and functional models to explain human behavior in their environment, models of cognitive psychology and models in the domain of automobile driving. Part 2 develops the methods of evaluation of the human−machine systems, looking at the evaluation of the activity of the human operator at work and human error analysis methods. Finally, Part 3 is dedicated to human−machine cooperation, where the authors show that a cooperative agent comprises a know-how and a so-called know-how-to-cooperate and show the way to design and evaluate that cooperation in real industrial contexts.Table of ContentsFOREWORD xi Bernard DUBUISSON INTRODUCTION xv Patrick MILLOT PART 1. DESIGN OF HUMAN–MACHINE SYSTEMS 1 CHAPTER 1. HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN 3 Patrick MILLOT 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. The task–system–operator triangle 4 1.2.1. Controlling the diversity of the tasks depending on the situation 4 1.2.2. Managing the complexity of the system 9 1.2.3. Managing human complexity 10 1.3. Organization of the human–machine system 21 1.3.1. The ambiguous role of the operator in automated systems 21 1.3.2. Allocating humans with their proper role 23 1.3.3. Sharing tasks and functions between humans and machines 24 1.4. Human-centered design methodology 33 1.5. Conclusion 35 1.6. Bibliography 36 CHAPTER 2. INTEGRATION OF ERGONOMICS IN THE DESIGN OF HUMAN–MACHINE SYSTEMS 43 Christine CHAUVIN and Jean-Michel HOC 2.1. Introduction 43 2.2. Classic and partial approaches of the system 46 2.2.1. Machine-centered approach 46 2.2.2. Activity and human-based approaches 49 2.3. The central notion of performance (Long, Dowell and Timmer) 52 2.4. An integrated approach: cognitive work analysis 59 2.4.1. Domain analysis 60 2.4.2. Task analysis 68 2.4.3. Analysis of information-processing strategies 71 2.4.4. Socio-organizational approach 73 2.4.5. Analysis of competences 76 2.4.6. Some general remarks on the integrated approach 78 2.5. Conclusion 79 2.6. Bibliography 81 CHAPTER 3. THE USE OF ACCIDENTS IN DESIGN: THE CASE OF ROAD ACCIDENTS 87 Gilles MALATERRE, Hélène FONTAINE and Marine MILLOT 3.1. Accidents, correction and prevention 87 3.2. Analysis of accidents specific to the road 89 3.2.1. Road accidents as a statistical unit 89 3.2.2. Accidents as diagnosis tools 91 3.3. Need-driven approach 93 3.3.1. Definition of needs from the analysis of accidents 93 3.3.2. Particular case of urban areas 96 3.4. A priori analyses 98 3.5. What assistance for which needs? 101 3.5.1. Collision with a stationary vehicle 102 3.5.2. The struck vehicle is waiting to turn on an NR or a DR 103 3.5.3. Catching up with a slower vehicle 103 3.5.4. Dense lines: major incident at the front 105 3.5.5. Dense line: violent accident happening just in front 106 3.5.6. Dense line: sudden slowing 106 3.6. Case of cooperative systems 107 3.7. Using results in design 108 3.7.1. Detection of a slower user 110 3.7.2. Detection of several stopped vehicles blocking all the lanes 110 3.7.3. Detection of a stopped vehicle completely or partially obstructing a road 111 3.7.4. Detection of a vehicle preparing to turn left 111 3.7.5. Detection of light two-wheelers circulating on the right-hand side of the road 112 3.7.6. Detection of a disturbance at the front of the line 112 3.7.7. Prevention of wild insertions 113 3.7.8. Prevention of frontal collisions 113 3.8. Conclusion 113 3.9. Bibliography 114 PART 2. EVALUATION MODELS OF HUMAN–MACHINE SYSTEMS 119 CHAPTER 4. MODELS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR: EXAMPLE OF THE DETECTION OF HYPO-VIGILANCE IN AUTOMOBILE DRIVING 121 Jean-Christophe POPIEUL, Pierre LOSLEVER and Philippe SIMON 4.1. Introduction 121 4.2. The different models used in detection and diagnosis 122 4.2.1. Methods based on knowledge models 122 4.2.2. Classification methods: pattern recognition 125 4.3. The case of human–machine systems 135 4.4. Example of application: automobile driving 138 4.4.1. Automobile driving 138 4.4.2. Difficulties with diagnosing losses in vigilance 141 4.4.3. Approach applied 143 4.5. Conclusion 162 4.6. Bibliography 165 CHAPTER 5. EVALUATION OF HUMAN RELIABILITY IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 171 Frédéric VANDERHAEGEN, Peter WIERINGA and Pietro Carlo CACCIABUE 5.1. Introduction 171 5.2. Principles of evaluating human reliability 173 5.2.1. Human reliability versus human error 173 5.2.2. General approach for the analysis of human reliability 174 5.2.3. Synthetic review of methods 176 5.2.4. Discussion 178 5.3. Analysis of dynamic reliability 180 5.3.1. The DYLAM method 180 5.3.2. The HITLINE method 183 5.4. Analysis of altered or added tasks 187 5.4.1. Principles of the ACIH method 187 5.4.2. Acceptability and evaluation of human behaviors 188 5.4.3. Example of application 191 5.5. Perspectives for the design of a safe system 194 5.6. Conclusion 197 5.7. Bibliography 198 PART 3. HUMAN–MACHINE COOPERATION 205 CHAPTER 6. CAUSAL REASONING: A TOOL FOR HUMAN–MACHINE COOPERATION 207 Jacky MONTMAIN 6.1. Introduction 207 6.2. Supervision 208 6.3. Qualitative model 214 6.3.1. The origins 214 6.3.2. Current models 216 6.3.3. The evolution of qualitative reasoning (QR) 217 6.4. Causal graphs and event-based simulation 220 6.4.1. The causal graph 222 6.4.2. Evolution and event 224 6.4.3. Simulation 227 6.5. Hierarchy of behavior models 235 6.5.1. Definition of a graph hierarchy 236 6.5.2. Creation of the hierarchy 237 6.5.3. Online construction of graphs 238 6.6. Fault filtering 242 6.6.1. Causality and digital simulators 242 6.6.2. Generation of residuals and causal structure 247 6.6.3. Interpretation of the errors for the isolation and filtering of faults 248 6.6.4. Advantages for supervision 252 6.7. Discussion and conclusion 256 6.8. Bibliography 261 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN–MACHINE COOPERATION: A FUNCTIONAL APPROACH 273 Jean-Michel HOC 7.1. Introduction 273 7.2. A functional approach to cooperation 275 7.3. Cooperation in actions 278 7.4. Cooperation in planning 280 7.5. Meta-cooperation 281 7.6. Conclusion 282 7.7. Bibliography 283 CHAPTER 8. THE COMMON WORK SPACE FOR THE SUPPORT OF SUPERVISION AND HUMAN–MACHINE COOPERATION 285 Serge DEBERNARD, Bernard RIERA and Thierry POULAIN 8.1. Introduction 285 8.2. Human–machine cooperation 287 8.2.1. Definitions of human–machine cooperation 287 8.2.2. Characterization of cooperation activities 289 8.2.3. Common work space: human–machine cooperation medium 292 8.3. Application in air traffic control 294 8.3.1. Dynamic allocation of tasks 295 8.3.2. Air traffic control 296 8.3.3. First studies: SPECTRA projects 297 8.3.4. The AMANDA project 303 8.4. Application to the process of nuclear combustibles reprocessing 305 8.4.1. Introduction 305 8.4.2. Human supervision tasks 307 8.4.3. Design methodology of supervision systems adapted to humans 310 8.4.4. Improvement of the supervision and diagnosis system 311 8.4.5. Approximate reasoning 313 8.4.6. The use of cognitive principles in the design of supervision tools 317 8.4.7. An example of an advanced supervision system (ASS) 323 8.5. Conclusion 332 8.6. Acronyms 333 8.7. Bibliography 334 CHAPTER 9. HUMAN–MACHINE COOPERATION AND SITUATION AWARENESS 343 Patrick MILLOT and Marie-Pierre PACAUX-LEMOINE 9.1. Introduction 343 9.2. Collective situation awareness 344 9.3. Structural approaches of human–machine cooperation 346 9.3.1. Dynamic allocation of tasks: horizontal cooperation structure 347 9.3.2. Vertical structure for cooperation 348 9.3.3. Multilevel structure for the dynamic allocation of tasks 351 9.4. Human–machine cooperation: a functional approach 353 9.4.1. Cooperative agents, forms of cooperation 353 9.4.2. Organization and cooperation 356 9.4.3. Human factors activating or inhibiting cooperation 358 9.4.4. Multilevel cooperative organization 359 9.4.5. Common work space (CWS) 360 9.5. Common work space for team-SA 367 9.6. Conclusion 369 9.7. Bibliography 370 CONCLUSION 375 Patrick MILLOT LIST OF AUTHORS 379 INDEX 381

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Book SynopsisErgonomics (ergos - work; nomos - laws) and Human Factors have almost identical characteristics and identities and have both developed in similar ways, within the same period, and for the same reasons. The Ergonomics philosophy is the amalgamation of information from psychology, physiology and engineering to enable the environment to be designed to 'fit' the person. Ergonomics and Human Factors evolved at around the time of World War II, when fighting and defensive machines were being built far beyond the capacities and capabilities of the operators.The selection of papers included in these volumes present a corpus of material to enable the reader to obtain an overview of the subject through the writings of significant authors and reviewers in the field. Four main aspects of the working situation and of the human operator within that situation have been taken into consideration when selecting the articles for these volumes; the physical characteristics of the operator's body when 'fitting' the system, the operator's cognitive abilities when interacting with the system, the social situation in which the system operates, and the environmental features that 'surround' the system.Table of ContentsContents: Volume I Acknowledgements Introduction Part I: Human Factors History and Philosophy 1. P. Branton (1987), ‘In Praise of Ergonomics – A Personal Perspective.’ 2. F.V. Taylor and W.D. Garvey (1959), ‘The Limitations of a “Procrustean” Approach to the Optimization of Man-Machine Systems.’ 3. A. Chapanis (1965), ‘On the Allocation of Functions between Men and Machines.’ PART II: Body Movement and Biomechanics 4. K.H. Eberhard Kroemer (1970), ‘Human Strength: Terminology, Measurement and Interpretation of Data.’ 5. S. Pheasant & D. O’Neill (1975), ‘Performance in Gripping and Turning – A Study in Hand/Handle Effectiveness.’ 6. J. Duncan and D. Ferguson (1974), ‘Keyboard Operating Posture and Symptoms in Operating.’ 7. E. Grandjean, W. Hünting and M. Pidermann (1983), ‘VDT Workstation Design: Preferred Settings and Their Effects.’ 8. M. Wallace and P. Buckle (1987), ‘Ergonomic Aspects of Neck and Upper Limb Disorders.’ PART III: Communication 9. A. Chapanis (1965), ‘Words, Words, Words.’ 10. P. Wright (1977), ‘Presenting Technical Information: A Survey of Research Findings.’ 11. P. Wright (1986), ‘Phenomena, Function and Design: Does Information Make a Difference?’ PART IV: Displays 12. W.F. Grether (1949), “Instrument Reading. I: The Design of Long-Scale Indicators for Speed and Accuracy of Quantitative Readings.’ 13. M.I. Kurke (1956), ‘Evaluation of a Display Incorporating Quantitative and Check-Reading Characteristics.’ 14. S.L. Johnson and S.N. Roscoe (1972), ‘What Moves, the Airplane or the World?’ 15. J.M. Rolfe and M.F. Allnutt (1967), ‘Putting Man in the Picture.’ PART V: CONTROLS 16. A. Frievalds (1987), ‘The Ergonomics of Tools.’ 17. T.G. Moore (1974), ‘Tactile and Kinaesthetic Aspects of Push-Buttons.’ 18. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Optimum Knob Diameter.’ 19. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Desirable Dimensions for Concentric Controls.’ PART VI: THE WORKSPACE 20. K.H. Eberhard Kroemer (1972), ‘Human Engineering the Keyboard.’ 21. P.M. Fitts and C.M. Seeger (1953), ‘S-R Compatibility: Spatial Characteristics of Stimulus and Response Codes.’ 22. N.E. Loveless (1962), ‘Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes: A Review.’ 23. W.J. White, M.J. Warrick and W.F. Grether (1953), ‘Instrument Reading III: Check Reading of Instrument Groups.’ 24. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Optimum Knob Crowding.’ 25. J. Noyes (1983), ‘The QWERTY Keyboard: A Review.’ 26. D.A. Norman and D. Fisher (1982), ‘Why Alphabetic Keyboards are not Easy to Use: Keyboard Layout Doesn’t Much Matter.’ 27. A. Martin (1972), ‘A New Keyboard Layout.’ 28. R. Conrad and A.J. Hull (1968), ‘The Preferred Layout for Numeral Data-Entry Keysets.’ PART VII: POSTURE AND SEATING 29. W.F. Floyd and D.F. Roberts (1959), ‘Anatomical and Physiological Principles in Chair and Table Design.’ 30. P. Branton (1969), ‘Behaviour, Body Mechanics and Discomfort.’ 31. W. Hünting, Th. Läubli and E. Grandjean (1981), ‘Postural and Visual Loads at VDT Workplaces: I. Constrained Postures.’ 32. J. Jay Keegan and A.O. Radke (1964), ‘Designing Vehicle Seats for Greater Comfort.’ 33. M.J. Dainoff (1982), ‘Occupational Stress Factors in Visual Display Terminal (VDT) Operation: A Review of Empirical Research.’ 34. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, A Nachemson and G. Elfström (1974), ‘Lumbar Disk Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. I. Studies on an Experimental Chair.’ 35. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, ‘Lumbar Disc Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. III. Studies on a Wheel-Chair.’ 36. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, A Nachemson and G. Elfström (1974), “Lumbar Disc Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. IV. Studies on a Car Driver’s Seat.’ 37. Å.C. Mandal (1976), ‘Work-Chair with Tilting Seat.’ Name Index CONTENTS: VOLUME II Acknowledgements PART I: NOISE 1. K.D. Kryter and K.S. Pearsons (1963), ‘Some Effects of Spectral Content and Duration on Perceived Noise Level.’ 2. H.C.W. Stockbridge and M. Lee (1973), ‘The Psycho-Social Consequences of Aircraft Noise.’ 3. R. Ross A. Coles, G.R. Garinther, D.C. Hodge and C.G. Rice (1968), ‘Hazardous Exposure to Impulse Noise.’ 4. D.L. Johnson, C.W. Nixon and M.R. Stephenson (1976), ‘Long-Duration Exposure to Intermittent Noises.’ 5. J.C. Nixon and A. Glorig (1961), ‘Noise- Induced Permanent Threshold Shift at 2000 cps and 4000 cps.’ 6. D.E. Broadbent (1954), ‘Some Effects of Noise on Visual Performance.’ 7. E.C. Poulton (1977), ‘Continuous Intense Noise Masks Auditory Feedback and Inner Speech.’ 8. E.C. Poulton (1978), ‘A New Look at the Effects of Noise: A Rejoinder.’ 9. S.S. Stevens (1972), ‘Stability of Human Performance under Intense Noise.’ 10. J.G. Fox (1971), ‘Background Music and Industrial Efficiency – A Review.’ 11. S. Cohen and N. Weinstein (1981), ‘Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Behavior and Health.’ PART II: Vibration 12. J.C. Guignard and A. Irving (1960), ‘Effects of Low Frequency Vibration on Man.’ 13. R.R. Coermann (1962), ‘The Mechanical Impedance of the Human Body in Sitting and Standing Position at Low Frequencies.’ 14. M.J. Griffin and C.H. Lewis (1978), ‘A Review of the Effects of Vibration on Visual Acuity and Continuous Manual Control, Part I: Visual Acuity.’ 15. C.H. Lewis and M.J. Griffin (1978), ‘A Review of the Effects of Vibration on Visual Acuity and Continuous Manual Control, Part II: Continuous Manual Control.’ PART III: Temperature and Ventilation 16. S. Shibolet, M.C. Lancaster and Y. Danon (1976), ‘Heat Stroke: A Review.’ 17. J.F. Wing (1965), ‘Upper Thermal Tolerance Limits for Unimpaired Mental Performance.’ 18. I. Mekjavic and J. Bligh (1987), ‘The Pathophysiology of Hypothermia.’ 19. W.F. Fox (1967), ‘Human Performance in the Cold.’ 20. W.H. Teichener and J.L. Kobrick (1955), ‘Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Low Temperature on Visual-Motor Performance.’ 21. F.C. Houghten and C.P. Yagloglou (1923), ‘Determining Lines of Equal Comfort.’ 22. A.P. Gagge, J.A.J. Stolwijk and Y. Nishi (1971), ‘An Effective Temperature Scale Based on a Simple Model of Human Physiological Regulatory Response.’ PART IV: Illumination 23. M. Gilbert and R.G. Hopkinson (1949), ‘The Illumination of the Snellen Chart.’ 24. M. Luckiesh and L.L. Holladay (1925), ‘Glare and Visibility.’ 25. L.L. Holladay (1926), ‘The Fundamentals of Glare and Visibility.’ 26. R.G. Hopkinson, W.R. Stevens and J.M. Waldram (1941), ‘Brightness and Contrast in Illuminating Engineering.’ 27. H.R. Blackwell (1959), ‘Development and Use of a Quantitative Method for Specification of Interior Illumination Levels on the Basis of Performance Data.’ PART V: The Working Environment 28. M.J. Brookes and A. Kaplan (1972), ‘The Office Environment: Space Planning and Affective Behavior.’ 29. J. Nemecek and E. Grandjean (1973), ‘Noise in Landscaped Offices.’ 30. A. Hedge (1989), ‘Environmental Conditions and Health in Offices.’ Name Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume represents the proceedings of the Esrel 2003, European Safety And Reliability Conference held in Netherlands. The conference focused on the application of safety, reliability and risk management assessment techniques occurs across domains.Table of Contents1. Benchmark risk analysis models used in the Netherlands 2. Implementing a three-dimensional stochastic model of the subsurface in current geotechnical design methods 3. Reliability analysis of flood defence systems in the Netherlands 4. Application of response surfaces for reliability analysis of marine structures 5. Investigating effects of volume of mechanical components on structure reliability 6. An application of ARIPAR methodology to manage the risk and the environment impact in the industrial area of Gela 7. Managing a new product development using the reliability and quality matrix 8. Library prototype for reliable distributed system 9. Quantitative flood risk assessment for polders 10. What the management of industrial risk has to say about health care risk management 11. Fuzzy logic: A modelling tool for transient diagnostics 12. Sensitivity analysis in Monte Carlo simulation fo dependability analysis 13. A fuzzy model for the estimate of the accident rate in road transport of hazardous materials 14. An approach to aggregate public opinions and experts’ judgement with application to risk perception of sources of electrical supply 15. On the need of considering the risk dimension in electrical supply capacity planning 16. Exploratory data analysis approaches to reliability: Some new directions 17. Implementation of a reliability database within a medium sized defence and aerospace company 18. Application of quantitative risk assessment in various industrial sectors 19. Improvement of rule sets for quantitative risk assessment in various industrial sectors 20. Multi-Physics Analysis – A Method for the Design of Safe Pressurised Systems to Resist Accidental Fire 22. Using expert-opinions, retro-analyzes and experience feedback to risk-analysis and risk-hierarchization. Application to the Lorraine ferriferous basin (France) 23. A model simulating combustion of solids and its use in fire analysis with the code ECART 24. Economic accidental risk analysis. Experience from real life projects 25. Comparison of techniques for accident scenario analysis in hazardous systems 26. Bayesian computation of design discharges 27. Risk optimization on CAREM-25 NPP 28. Experience with complex technical and organizational changes in the offshore petroleum industry 29. Effect of a concrete wall in the limitation of thermal radiation resulting from large industrial fires 30. Improving the reliability of a SMPS by HALT and ALT 31. Practical reliability assurance through modelling and DRACAS 32. Determination of marginal reliability indices in a distribution network 33. Study of the increases of dose and of the mortality index caused by a fire due to the presence of the paving 34. A model to predict hurricanes induced losses for residential structures 35. A mixed integer optimisation model for preventive maintenance of production plants 36. ARAMIS project: The severity index 37. On the influence of passive states on the availability of mechanical systems 38. Risk to old bridges due to ship impact on German inland waterways 39. Integrated navigation system – safety prediction model for ship retrofit strategy 40. On modelling reliability properties in descriptor form 41. A scheme for industry-academia interaction to enhance research and development issues 42. Optimal redundancy allocation for systems considering common-cause failures 43. Proposal for a neural network approach and ordering heuristic for the fault tree evaluation 44. Application of functional hazard assessment in railway signalling 45. Aviation causal model using Bayesian Belief Nets to quantify management influence 46. Causal modeling for integrated safety at airports 47. Assessing part conformance by coordinate measuring machines 48. Hazardous materials release analysis: Probabilistic input for emergency response organisations 49. On a Bayesian model for failures prediction in underground trains 50. Attuning the task design to “envisioned” high-demand situations 51. Risk analysis of Black Sea underwater passage of Russia-Turkey trunk gas pipeline system 52. The use of probit functions in the quantitative risk assessment of domino accidents caused by overpressure 53. Application of sensitivity analysis for a risk analysis tool for blowouts 54. The new Dutch “Register for risk situations involving hazardous substances” 55. Boiler plant hazard assessment – A new requirement of the Finnish pressure equipment legislation 56. Apportionment of safety integrity levels in complex electronically controlled systems 57. A design methodology for embedded control systems including safety assessment studies 58. Criteria for safety culture assessment in German Nuclear Power Plants 59. Replacement strategies of large numbers of similar components in hydraulic structures 60. System reliability methods using advanced sampling techniques 61. Effect of soil-structure models on stochastic response of jack-up platforms 62. System reliability of jack-up structures based on fatigue degradation 63. Correlation in probabilistic safety assessment uncertainty analysis 64. Experience with the use of risk assessment in IMO 65. Criteria for establishing risk acceptance 66. Risk assessment of passenger vessels 67. Measuring the safety standard of organizations 68. Application of a Bayesian approach to sequential life testing with an underlying Weibull model 69. Establishing steel rail reliability by combining fatigue tests, factorial experiments and data transformations 70. Improved methods of power systems availability indices determination 71. The safety of risk or the risk of safety? 72. Safety assessment of third parties during construction in multiple use of space using Bayesian Networks 73. A logarithmatic approach for individual risk: The safety-index 74. Reduced vertical separation minimum (RVSM): Pre- and post-implementation safety cases 75. Assessment of the environment vulnerability in the surroundings of an industrial site 76. Increasing of the electric safety in HV systems by means of the ground resistance of the body 77. A Safety Program Framework and its application on a Weapon Control System 78. Cognitive analysis in human reliability: The case of a high-risk plant 79. Draft european standard on safety risk assessment for space missions 80. Extended stochastic petri nets in power systems maintenance models 81. An implementation of a life-cycle risk-based design for safety methodology 82. Availability and failure intensity under imperfect repair virtual age model 83. Quantification and uncertainties of common cause failure rates and probabilities 84. Risk assessment for offshore installations in the operational phase 85. Structured approach to risk indicators for major hazards 86. A contribution to vehicle life cycle cost modelling 87. Method for correlation of failure data from durability tests and field of automotive engine parts with spontaneous failure mode 88. Time-dependent reliability analysis of coastal flood defence systems 89. Adding a new perspective to the existing results by baseline NPP PSA model: Parameters uncertainty implementation 90. Impact of river morphology on extreme flood level prediction: A probabilistic approach 91. Efficiency and accuracy of Monte Carlo (importance) sampling 92. Optimizing software system design with recovery blocks considering reliability estimation uncertainty 93. The fireworks disaster in Enschede: Overview, reconstruction, safety and pyrotechnics 94. Consequence modelling of gas explosion scenarios in traffic tunnels 95. Scenario analysis for road tunnels 96. Risk based maintenance of civil structures 97. Modelling a probabilistic safety management system for the Eastern-Scheldt storm-surge barrier, the basin and the surrounding dikes 98. Reliability of vibration predictions in civil engineering applications 99. The development of software tools for chemical process quantitative risk assessment over two decades 100. Introduction of an easy-to-use risk assessment tool for natural gas transmission pipelines 101. Towards a qualitative predictive model of violation in transportation industry 102. Measuring the reliability importance of components in multi-state systems 103. Probabilistic aspects of maritime transport of tunnel elements 104. Foundations of the UPM common cause method

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together concepts from the building, environmental, behavioural and health sciences to provide an interdisciplinary understanding of office and workplace design. Today, with changes in the world of work and the relentless surge in technology, offices have emerged as the repositories of organizational symbolism, denoted by the spatial design of offices, physical settings and the built environment (architecture, urban locale). Drawing on Euclidian geometry that quantifies space as the distance between two or more points, a body of knowledge on office buildings, the concept of office and office space, and the interrelationships of spatial and behavioural attributes in office design are elucidated. Building and office work-related illnesses, namely sick building syndrome and ailments arising from the indoor environment, and the menace of musculoskeletal disorders are the alarming manifestations that critically affect employee satisfaction, morale and work outcomes. With a focus on office ergonomics, the book brings the discussion on the fundamentals of work design, with emphasis on computer workstation users. Strategic guidance of lighting systems and visual performance in workplaces are directed for better application of ergonomics and improvement in office indoor environment. It discusses the profiles of bioclimatic, indoor air quality, ventilation intervention, lighting and acoustic characteristics in office buildings. Emphasis has been given to the energy performance of buildings, and contemporary perspectives of building sustainability, such as green office building assessment schemes, and national and international building-related standards and codes. Intended for students and professionals from ergonomics, architecture, interior design, as well as construction engineers, health care professionals, and office planners, the book brings a unified overview of the health, safety and environment issues associated with the design of office buildings.Table of ContentsConcept of Office and Office Space.- Spatial and Behavioural Attributes in Office Design.- Sick Building Syndrome and Other Building Related Illnesses.- Musculoskeletal Disorders: Office Menace.- Fundamentals of Office Ergonomics.- Ergonomics of Computer Workstation.- Strategic Office Lighting.- Visual Performance in Office.- Bioclimatic Approach: Thermal environment.- Characteristics of Indoor Environmental Quality.- Assessing IEQ Performance in Buildings.- Ventilation in Office Buildings.- Lighting Systems.- Energy Performance in Buildings: Standards and Codes.- Green Building and Assessment Systems.- Building Sustainability: Credit Rating Criteria.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the interplay of farm mechanization, human factors and climatic and other environmental uncertainty in agriculture, using an ergonomics based approach to discuss solutions to the traditionally acknowledged vulnerability of the sector. It converges contemporary research documentation, case studies and international standards on agricultural ergonomics, engineering anthropometry, human factors, basic occupational health services, safety management, human performance and system sustainability to provide a handy reference to students and professionals working to optimize agricultural output while balancing the rational utilization of labour in agricultural practices and human well-being. Table of ContentsPart 1: Agriculture growth and development.- Ch 1- World Agriculture- an introduction.- Ch 2. Manpower utilization- Working methods and practices.- Part 2: Fundamentals of Ergonomics & Human Factors.- Ch 3- Fundamental of ergonomics and human factors.- Ch 4- Energy cost of human labour.- Ch 5- Work planning and schedules.- Ch 6. Engineering anthropometry .- Part 3: Farming methods and practices.- Ch 7- Mechanization: Nature of development.- Ch 8- Small tools and devices.- Ch 9- Manually operated machines.- Ch 10- Heavy machinery.- Part 4: Health and Safety.- Ch 11- Accidents and injuries.- Ch 12- Health hazards.- Ch 13- Pesticide and chemical toxicity.- Ch 14- Basic occupational health services.- Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThis book is about the application of ergonomics in handicraft manufacturing and design keeping in mind the two sets of users, craftsmen and customers buying handicraft items. Written in an easy to understand language and in a story telling format. It requires no prior knowledge of the subject nor any knowledge of science or technology for using this book and applying it in handicraft manufacturing and design. The book starts with an overview of the application of ergonomics in different aspects of craft manufacturing, touching upon tools, space, process and then moves into the aspects of ergonomics of craft packaging and displaying. Alongside the book also explains the ergonomic aspects of designing of handicraft products keeping the users of the products in mind, their dimensions, capacity, limitations etc. Each chapter starts with an "overview" and ends with "key points" and exercises to help the readers in applying the principles of ergonomics in handicraft. The last chapter is dedicated to exercises in different areas of handicraft and the ergonomic applications for them, followed by ergonomic design directions to solve them.Table of ContentsCraft The Bigger And Smaller Picture.- Traditional Ways Of Working With Hand Tools.- Dimensions and The Craft Workspace.- The Context of Craft Ergonomics.- Application of Ergonomics In Different Craft Products.- Exercises in Craft Ergonomics With Ergonomic Design Directions.

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