Environmental science, engineering and technology Books
Yale University Press Environment
Book SynopsisA comprehensive guide to environmental literacy. It demonstrates how the sciences, social sciences, and humanities contribute to understanding our interrelationships with the natural world. It presents an imaginative array of texts, from scientific papers to poetry, legal decisions to historical accounts, personal essays to economic analysis.
£35.62
University of California Press In the Shadow of the Seawall
Book SynopsisIn the Shadow of the Seawall journeys to the low-lying lands of Guyana and the Maldives to grapple with the existential dilemma of seawalls alongside struggles to resist displacement. With the gathering momentum of ocean instability wrought by centuries of injustice, seawalls have become objects of conflict and negotiation, around which human struggles for power and resistance collide. Through stories of colonial ruination and green seawalls, the concept of placekeeping emergesa justice-oriented framework for addressing adaptation and the global dangers of coastal disruption at the front lines of climate change. Drawing on ethnographic observation and interviews, Gray shows how seawalls are entrenched in relationships of power and entangled in processes of making and keeping place. Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgments Introduction: Seawall Entanglements 1. Coastal Disruption 2. The Strangled Shore 3. Lost Origins: Dreams of a Green Seawall 4. The Great Wall of Malé 5. Contested Futures: The Hope of a Living Seawall Conclusion: The Dilemma of Placekeeping Methodological Appendix Notes Bibliography Index
£22.50
University of British Columbia Press Empowering Electricity
Book SynopsisThis revealing analysis of Canada's electrical power co-operatives challenges our understanding of their history and shines a light on their potential within the nation's electricity sector.Trade ReviewEmpowering Electricity is an empirically-grounded contribution to the literature on citizen engagement and energy policy in Canada. In particular, it provides a fresh take on BC energy politics that gets beyond the entrenched public/private dichotomy to explore one possible middle ground. While MacArthur implies that electricity co-operatives have the potential to erode public power in BC, her suggestion of co-operatives partnering with municipalities and First Nations may actually offer a new, politically viable approach to public power develpment that is both more democratic and locally acceptable than the current model. -- Nichole Dusyk * BC Studies *Table of ContentsPreface and AcknowledgmentsAbbreviations1 A Climate for Change2 Governing Sustainability: From Crisis to Empowerment3 Co-operatives in Canadian Political Economy4 International Forces for Power-Sector Restructuring5 Continental, Private, and Green(er)? Canadian Electricity Restructuring6 Electricity Co-operatives: The Power of Public Policy7 Off the Ground and on the Grid: New Electricity Co-operative Development8 Co-operative Networks and the Politics of Community Power9 Empowering ElectricityAppendicesNotesGlossaryReferencesIndex
£25.19
Duke University Press Saturation
Book SynopsisBringing together media studies and environmental humanities, the contributors to Saturation develop saturation as a heuristic to analyze phenomena in which the elements involved are difficult or impossible to separate. In ordinary language, saturation describes the condition of being thoroughly soaked, while in chemistry it is the threshold at which something can be maximally dissolved or absorbed in a solution. Contributors to this collection expand notions of saturation beyond water to consider saturation in sound, infrastructure, media, Big Data, capitalism, and visual culture. Essays include analyses of the thresholds of HIV detectability in bloodwork, militarism''s saturation of oceans, and the deleterious effects of the saturation of cellphone and wi-fi signals into the human body. By channeling saturation to explore the relationship between media, the environment, technology, capital, and the legacies of settler colonialism, Saturation illuminates how elements, thTrade Review“How do elements accumulate and transform? Saturation assembles a fluid compendium for navigating the phase changes of materiality. Tracking kelp and oil, seismic surveys and submarine films, drought and floods, smart oceans and data centers, the chapters in this collection teem with ideas for how to work within the fluctuating conditions of environments, media, culture, and politics.” -- Jennifer Gabrys, Chair in Media, Culture, and Environment, University of Cambridge“This volume is a tour de force of media theory: the contributors posit saturation not just as one thing that happens in or through or by various media, but as an original and urgent way to understand what media are and do. As a heuristic, saturation draws new lines of relation between issues such as climate change, extraction, militarism, energy, security, biopolitics, and Indigenous sovereignty, among others, in surprising ways. In short, thinking with saturation helps us to see our contemporary condition anew.” -- Astrida Neimanis, author of * Bodies of Water: Posthuman Feminist Phenomenology *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Thinking With Saturation Beyond Water: Thresholds, Phase Change, and the Precipitate / Melody Jue and Rafico Ruiz 1 Water 1. The Colors of Saturated Seas / Stefan Helmreich 29 2. Hydromedia: From Water Literacy to the Ethics of Saturation / Joanna Zylinska 45 3. Fossil Fuels, Fossil Waters: Aquifers, Pipelines, and Indigenous Water Rights / Avery Slater 70 Thresholds 4. Sonic Saturation and Militarized Subjectivity in Cold War Submarine Films / John Shiga 105 5. Wireless Saturation / Rahul Mukherjee 123 6. Saturation as a Logic of Enclosure? / Max Ritts 144 Phase Change 7. Becoming Undetectable in the Chthulucene / Bishnupriya Ghosh 161 8. The Media of Seaweeds: Between Kelp Forest and Archive / Melody Jue 185 9. Drought Conditions: Desalination and Deep Climate Change in Southern California / Rafico Ruiz 205 Precipitate 10. Precipitates of the Deep Sea: Seismic Surveys and Sonic Saturation / Lisa Yin Han 223 11. Media Saturation and Southern Agencies / Bhaskar Sarkar 243 12. Oil Barrels: The Aesthetics of Saturation and the Blockage of Politics / Mariji Cetinić and Jeff Diamanti 264 13. The Data Center Industrial Complex / Mél Hogan 283 Afterword: Climate Change as Matter Out of Phase / Janet Walker 306 Contributors 313 Index 317
£21.59
Duke University Press The Promise of Multispecies Justice
Book SynopsisComing from the worlds of cultural anthropology, geography, philosophy, science fiction, poetry, and fine art, the contributors to this volume consider the possibility for multispecies justice and speculate on the forms it would take.Trade Review"[A] vibrant edited volume. . . . The case studies offer much for higher-level scholars in anthropology, human geography, environmental studies, human-animal studies, and applied philosophy. . . . Recommended. Graduate students, faculty, and professionals." -- S. M. Weiss * Choice *"The chapters of essays, poetry, art, and framing in this volume are powerful and generative, including for anyone interested in social justice, multispecies studies, and the human and non-human injustices that characterize much of the contemporary world." (translated from Spanish) -- Maron E. Greenleaf * Estudios Publicos *"In blurring conventional justices—climate, environmental, social—we are guided by analytics that intersect race, gender, class, and species. The authors remind us that naming justices and injustices provides stories of both incremental hope and lasting nightmare in the reorganization of epistemological, ontological, and political promise. Each volume expands Western continental philosophy and political theory related to rights and capabilities, ever resistant to human mastery and institutional capture." -- Kellen Copeland * American Ethnologist *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction. Who Benefits from Multispecies Justice? / Eben Kirksey and Sophie Chao 1 Glossary. Species of Justice / Sophie Chao and Eben Kirksey 23 Blessing. Thanksgiving in the Plantationocene / Craig Santos Perez 29 1. Spectral Justice / Radhika Govindrajan 33 2. Rights of the Amazon in Cosmopolitical Worlds / Kristina Lyons 53 3. “We Are Not Pests” / Alyssa Paredes 77 4. Prison Gardens and Growing Abolition / Elizabeth Lara 103 5. Justice at the Ends of the Worlds / Michael Marder 125 6. from the micronesian kingfisher / Craig Santos Perez 139 7. Rodent Trapping and the Just Possible / Jia Hui Lee 157 8. Inscribing the Interspecies Gap / M. L. Clark 179 9. Nuclear Waste and Relational Accountability in Indian Country / Noriko Ishiyama and Kim Tallbear 185 10. Multispecies Mediations in a Post-Extractive Zone / Zsuzsanna Ihar 205 Closing. Th S xth M ss Ext nci n / Craig Santos Perez 227 Afterword. Fugitive Jurisdictions / Karin Bolender, Sophie Chao, and Eben Kirksey 229 Bibliography 239 Contributors 273 Index 277
£70.55
New York University Press On Infertile Ground
Book SynopsisA critique of population control narratives reproduced by international development actors in the 21st century Since the turn of the millennium, American media, scientists, and environmental activists have insisted that the global population crisis is backand that the only way to avoid catastrophic climate change is to ensure women's universal access to contraception. Did the population problem ever disappear? What is bringing it backand why now? In On Infertile Ground, Jade S. Sasser explores how a small network of international development actors, including private donors, NGO program managers, scientists, and youth advocates, is bringing population back to the center of public environmental debate. While these narratives never disappeared, Sasser argues, histories of human rights abuses, racism, and a conservative backlash against abortion in the 1980s drove them undergrounduntil now. Using interviews and case studies from a wide range of sitesfrom Silicon Valley foundation headquarTrade ReviewLike the best social science writing, the book will spark conversation and encourage critical questions about received knowledge. Notably, Sasser declines to offer any policy solutions in her conclusion, preferring to give her readers space for what she calls productive fretting. All in all, On Infertile Ground should be required reading for anyone interested in climate change, women’s lives, or global population dynamics. You may not agree with Sasser’s conclusions, but you will find her analysis thoughtful, clear-eyed, and great food for thought. * American Journal of Sociology *Sasser shows how environmental activists and scientists have used the urgency of climate change to call for reducing population numbers in the Global South as part of the effort to slow global warming. Drawing on two years of fieldwork with NGO workers, government employees, volunteers, activists, and donors, Sasser chronicles a resurgent Malthusianism, which she calls “populationism,” dressed in progressive-sounding terms such as “empowerment,” “human rights,” and “reproductive justice.” ... Sasser’s observations of how family planning programs operate in low-resource communities are invaluable ... As Sasser notes, the distance between the intentions of idealistic advocates who talk about women’s empowerment and the women they claim to be helping is vast. * New York Review of Books *On Infertile Ground deepens and expands our understanding of contemporary population politics and policy discourses in the era of climate change. In a fresh and original analysis, Jade S. Sasser reveals how poor women in the Global South are now instrumentalized as & sexual stewards of both the environment and the neoliberal economic order by population/environment NGOs, foundations, and policymakers. Her fieldwork gives us a first-hand view of how this hegemonic knowledge is produced and how it colonizes young white activists vision of the future. This book comes not a moment too soon as population control efforts gain force under a false banner of womens empowerment. Sasser has made an impressive contribution to political ecology, feminist theory, and the pursuit of real reproductive justice. -- Betsy Hartmann,Author of Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population ControlOn Infertile Ground is a welcome and necessary addition to medical anthropology. It is especially fruitful for scholars interested in reproductive politics, climate disaster, international development, and histories of population control ... The book’s attention to sexual stewardship—Sasser’s principal contribution—serves as a guidepost to help scholars and activists untangle the social ontology of neoliberal rights during the mounting climate disaster. * Medical Anthropology Quarterly *As we face a feverish and hyper politicized climate around reproductive justice and climate change, this is a critical book for our times. Superbly researched, carefully analyzed, and deeply historical, On Infertile Ground provides a thoughtful and insightful exploration of how we got here, and what the future has in store . . . Jade S. Sasser brings many important strains in feminist and environmental literature into a cogent analysis of contemporary politics -- Banu Subramaniam,Author of Ghost Stories for Darwin: The Science of Variation and the Politics of DiversitySasser’s groundbreaking insights clearly demonstrate the overlap between social justice groups, and in this case, environmental causes, reproductive justice, and women’s rights. [...] [Her] critical analysis couldn’t have come at a more crucial time where society finds itself at a crossroad between value priorities on personal, communal, national, and international levels. * Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences *
£22.79
Island Press Ecology and Ecosystem Conservation
Book SynopsisMeeting today?s environmental challenges requires a new way of thinking about the intricate dependencies between humans and nature. This book provides readers with a basic understanding of the fundamental principles of ecological science and their applications, offering an essential overview of the way ecology can be used to devise strategies to conserve the health and functioning of ecosystems.
£16.99
University of California Press In the Shadow of the Seawall
Book SynopsisIn the Shadow of the Seawall journeys to the low-lying lands of Guyana and the Maldives to grapple with the existential dilemma of seawalls alongside struggles to resist displacement. With the gathering momentum of ocean instability wrought by centuries of injustice, seawalls have become objects of conflict and negotiation, around which human struggles for power and resistance collide. Through stories of colonial ruination and green seawalls, the concept of placekeeping emergesa justice-oriented framework for addressing adaptation and the global dangers of coastal disruption at the front lines of climate change. Drawing on ethnographic observation and interviews, Gray shows how seawalls are entrenched in relationships of power and entangled in processes of making and keeping place. Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgments Introduction: Seawall Entanglements 1. Coastal Disruption 2. The Strangled Shore 3. Lost Origins: Dreams of a Green Seawall 4. The Great Wall of Malé 5. Contested Futures: The Hope of a Living Seawall Conclusion: The Dilemma of Placekeeping Methodological Appendix Notes Bibliography Index
£64.00
University of Pittsburgh Press Old Age New Science Gerontologists and Their
Book SynopsisExplores how a group of American and British life scientists contributed to gerontology's development as a multidisciplinary field. It examines the foundational biosocial visions they shared. Hyung Wook Park shows how these visions shaped popular discourses on aging, directly influenced the institutionalization of gerontology, and reflected the biases of their founders.
£54.62
J Ross Publishing Internal Phosphorus Loading in Lakes: Causes,
Book Synopsis
£84.60
University Press of Florida The Greenway Imperative: Connecting Communities
Book SynopsisTrailblazing greenway projects from vision to reality.In this eye-opening journey through some of America's most innovative landscape architecture projects, Charles Flink shows why we urgently need greenways. A leading authority in greenway planning, design, and development, Flink presents inspiring examples of communities that have come together to build permanent spaces for the life-sustaining power of nature.The Greenway Imperative reveals the stories behind a variety of multiuse natural corridors, taking readers to Grand Canyon National Park, suburban North Carolina, the banks of the Miami River, and many other settings. Flink, who was closely involved with each of the projects in this book during his 35-year career, introduces the people who jump started these initiatives and the challenges they overcame in achieving them.Flink explains why open green spaces are increasingly critical today. "Much more than a path through the woods," he says, greenways conserve irreplaceable real estate for the environment, serve as essential green infrastructure, shape the way people travel within their communities, reduce impact from flooding and other natural disasters, and boost the economies of cities and towns. Greenways can and should dramatically reshape the landscape of America in the coming years, Flink argues. He provides valuable reflections and guidance on how we can create resilient communities and satisfy the human need for connection with the natural world.Table of Contents Foreword Introduction 1. A Close Family Legacy: Anne Springs Close Greenway, Fort Mill, South Carolina 2. Come Hell and High Water: Greater Grand Forks Greenway, Grand Forks, North Dakota 3. Turning Trash into Trails: Swift Creek Recycled Greenway, Cary, North Carolina 4. Something Grand: Grand Canyon Greenway, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona 5. Open Space in Vegas—It's a Sure Bet: Las Vegas Open Space and Trails, Las Vegas, Nevada 6. Miami Means "Sweet Water": Miami River Greenway, Miami, Florida 7. Lowcountry Life: Charleston County Greenbelt Plan, Charleston County, South Carolina 8. Callin' the Hogs: The Northwest Arkansas Razorback Regional Greenway, Arkansas 9. White Russia: International Greenway Efforts in Belarus 10. America's Longest Urban Greenway: East Coast Greenway, from Maine to Florida 11. A National Greenway System: Envisioning a Coast-to-Coast Greenway System Acknowledgments Glossary Notes and Sources Index
£23.16
University of Washington Press Reel Nature
Book SynopsisExamines how wildlife filmmaking changed in reaction to the struggle between portraying good science and gaining a popular audience.Trade Review"Mitman's research, nuanced and satisfying, contributes to both film theory and ecocritical theory and explores the ways in which they should not be separated." -- Stephanie Lyells * Journal of Ecocriticism *"How the wildlife documentary got from Roosevelt to Disneyworld is a story of charlatans, hucksters, crooks, imaginative cameramen, brilliant zoology and shameless appeal to the sex and violence of life as cinema audiences have grown to expect it to be. Mitman . . . tells the American version of this lurid celluloid safari." -- Tim Radford * The Guardian *"American wildlife film-makers . . . abandoned truth in favor of more alluring lode stars. Reel Nature is an admirable history of why they did so. . . . Very well told." -- Stephen Mills * Times Literary Supplement *"While nature films have had a positive impact on our understanding of nature, the whole truth about our place in the web of life has been left on the cutting-room floor." * Booklist *Table of ContentsPrologue 1 / Hunting with the Camera 2 / Science versus Showmanship on the Silent Screen 3 / Zooming In on Animals' Private Lives 4 / Wildlife Conservation through a Wide-Angle Lens 5 / Disney's True-Life Adventures 6 / Domesticating Nature on the Television Set 7 / A Ringside Seat in the Making of a Pet Star 8 / Global Visions, Tourist Dreams Epilogue Notes Credits Index
£29.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Aerosol Sampling Science Standards
Book SynopsisHuman exposure to aerosols, through inhalation or in working or ambient environments, may lead to a wide range of adverse health effects, including lung disease and other conditions resulting from toxic materials in the body.Trade Review"…this book may help in the rapid access to data and references. It is therefore complementary to the great books and reviews…" (International Journal of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, October 2007)"Wer sich mit Aerosolen in Forschung und Praxis beschaftigt, sollte dieses hervorragende Buch nicht unbeachtet lassen." Gefahrstoffe Reinhaltung der Luft April 2008Table of ContentsPreface xvii A SCIENTIFIC FRAMEWORK FOR AEROSOL SAMPLING 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Aerosols 3 1.2 Particle size 4 1.3 Elementary particle size statistics 5 1.4 Aerosol measurement 8 1.5 Sampler performance characteristics 9 References 12 2 Fluid and aerosol mechanical background 13 2.1 Fluid mechanical background 13 2.2 Aerosol mechanics 22 References 33 3 Experimental methods in aerosol sampler studies 35 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Methodology for assessing sampler performance 35 3.3 Scaling relationships for aerosol samplers 38 3.4 Test facilities 39 3.5 Test aerosol generation 50 3.6 Reference methods 60 3.7 Assessment of collected aerosol 60 3.8 Aerosol sampler test protocols and procedures 61 References 68 4 The nature of air flow near aerosol samplers 71 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Line and point sink samplers 71 4.3 Thin-walled slot and tube entries 73 4.4 Thick-walled tubes 75 4.5 Simple blunt samplers facing the wind 76 4.6 Blunt samplers with orientations other than facing the wind 82 4.7 More complex sampling systems 89 4.8 Effects of freestream turbulence 90 References 90 5 Aerosol aspiration in moving air 93 5.1 Introduction 93 5.2 Thin-walled tube samplers 94 5.3 Blunt samplers 116 References 127 6 Aspiration in calm and slowly moving air 131 6.1 Introduction 131 6.2 Sampling in perfectly calm air 131 6.3 Slowly moving air 149 References 155 7 Interferences to aerosol sampling 157 7.1 Introduction 157 7.2 Interferences during aspiration 157 7.3 Interferences after aspiration 173 References 188 8 Options for aerosol particle size selection after aspiration 193 8.1 Introduction 193 8.2 Elutriation 194 8.3 Filtration by porous foam media 197 8.4 Centrifugation 201 8.5 Impaction 205 8.6 Diffusion 211 8.7 Other particle size-selective mechanisms 213 References 215 B STANDARDS FOR AEROSOLS 219 9 Framework for aerosol sampling in working, living and ambient environments 221 9.1 Introduction 221 9.2 Exposure to aerosols 222 9.3 Framework for health-related aerosol sampling 227 9.4 Non-health-related aerosol standards 233 References 235 10 Particle size-selective criteria for coarse aerosol fractions 237 10.1 Introduction 237 10.2 Experimental studies of inhalability 237 10.3 Particle size-selective criteria for the inhalable fraction 247 10.4 Overview 252 References 253 11 Particle size-selective criteria for fine aerosol fractions 255 11.1 Introduction 255 11.2 Studies of regional deposition of inhaled aerosols 255 11.3 Criteria for fine aerosol fractions 268 11.4 Overview 282 References 285 12 Health effects and Limit values 289 12.1 Introduction 289 12.2 Aerosol-related health effects 289 12.3 The processes of standards setting 292 12.4 Occupational exposure limits (OELs) 292 12.5 Ambient atmospheric aerosol limits 297 12.6 Special cases 301 References 305 C AEROSOL SAMPLING INSTRUMENTATION 309 13 Historical milestones in practical aerosol sampling 311 13.1 Introduction 311 13.2 Occupational aerosol sampling 312 13.3 Ambient atmospheric aerosol sampling 319 References 323 14 Sampling for coarse aerosols in workplaces 327 14.1 Introduction 327 14.2 Static (or area) samplers for coarse aerosol fractions 327 14.3 Personal samplers for coarse aerosol fractions 333 14.4 Analysis of performance data for inhalable aerosol samplers 352 14.5 Passive aerosol samplers 354 References 356 15 Sampling for fine aerosol fractions in workplaces 359 15.1 Introduction 359 15.2 Samplers for the respirable fraction 359 15.3 Samplers for the thoracic fraction 385 15.4 Samplers for PM2.5 391 15.5 Thoracic particle size selection for fibrous aerosols 393 15.6 Sampling for very fine aerosols 394 15.7 Simultaneous sampling for more than one aerosol fraction 395 References 398 16 Sampling in stacks and ducts 403 16.1 Introduction 403 16.2 Basic considerations 403 16.3 Stack sampling methods 404 16.4 Sampling probes for stack sampling 410 16.5 Sampling for determining particle size distribution in stacks 414 16.6 Direct-reading stack-monitoring instruments 415 References 415 17 Sampling for aerosols in the ambient atmosphere 417 17.1 Introduction 417 17.2 Sampling for coarse ‘nuisance’ aerosols 417 17.3 Sampling for ‘black smoke’ 423 17.4 Sampling for total suspended particulate in the ambient atmosphere 425 17.5 Sampling for fine aerosol fractions in the ambient atmosphere 432 17.6 Meteorological sampling 440 References 442 18 Sampling for the determination of particle size distribution 447 18.1 Introduction 447 18.2 Rationale 447 18.3 Aerosol spectrometers 448 18.4 Cascade impactors 452 18.5 Other spectrometers 465 18.6 Particle size distribution analysis by microscopy 469 References 470 19 Sampling for bioaerosols 473 19.1 Introduction 473 19.2 Standards for bioaerosols 474 19.3 Technical issues for bioaerosol sampling 474 19.4 Early bioaerosol sampling 476 19.5 Criteria for bioaerosol sampling 477 19.6 Inertial samplers 477 19.7 Centrifugal samplers 485 19.8 ‘Total’ and inhalable bioaerosol 486 19.9 Other samplers 486 References 486 20 Direct-reading aerosol sampling instruments 489 20.1 Introduction 489 20.2 Optical aerosol-measuring instruments 490 20.3 Electrical particle measurement 503 20.4 Condensation nuclei/particle counters 504 20.5 Mechanical aerosol mass measurement 505 20.6 Nuclear mass detectors 509 20.7 Surface area monitoring 510 20.8 Analytical chemical methods 511 20.9 Bioaerosol monitoring 511 References 513 D AEROSOL SAMPLE APPLICATIONS AND FIELD STUDIES 517 21 Pumps and paraphernalia 519 21.1 Introduction 519 21.2 Air moving systems 519 21.3 Flow rate 524 21.4 Collection media 526 21.5 Analysis of collected samples 533 References 535 22 Field experience with aerosol samplers in workplaces 537 22.1 Introduction 537 22.2 Personal and static (or area) sampling 538 22.3 Relationship between ‘total’ and inhalable aerosol 539 22.4 Converting particle counts to particle mass 549 22.5 Field experience with samplers for respirable aerosol 558 22.6 Classification of workplace aerosols 562 22.7 Diesel particulate matter 568 22.8 The future of workplace aerosol measurement 569 References 570 23 Field experience with aerosol samplers in the ambient atmosphere 575 23.1 Introduction 575 23.2 ‘Nuisance’ dust 576 23.3 Total suspended particulate and black smoke 577 23.4 Black smoke and particle size fractions (PM10 and PM2.5) 580 23.5 Transition to particle size-selective sampling 582 23.6 PM10 585 23.7 PM2.5 589 23.8 Personal exposures to PM10 and PM2.5 589 23.9 Classification of ambient atmospheric aerosols 593 References 596 Index 599
£137.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Arsenic
Book SynopsisThis book presents an overview of the chemistry, geology, toxicology and environmental impacts of arsenic, presenting information on relatively common arsenic minerals and their key properties. In addition, it includes discussions on the environmental impacts of the release of arsenic from mining and coal combustion. Although the environmental regulations of different nations vary and change over time, prominent International, North American, and European guidelines and regulations on arsenic will be reviewed. Includes information on recent environmental catastrophes (e.g. Bangladesh and China) A thorough discussion of the arsenic cycle, including the cosmological origin of arsenic Includes Appendices providing extensive glossary and measurement conversion tables Table of ContentsList of contributors xv Preface xvii 1. Introduction 1 Kevin R. Henke 1.1 Arsenic origin, chemistry, and use 1 1.2 Arsenic environmental impacts 2 1.3 Arsenic toxicity 3 1.4 Arsenic treatment and remediation 3 1.4.1 Introduction 3 1.4.2 Treatment and remediation of water 4 1.4.3 Treatment and remediation of solid wastes, soils, and sediments 4 1.4.4 Treatment of flue gases 5 References 5 2. Arsenic Chemistry 9 Kevin R. Henke and Aaron Hutchison 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Atomic structure and isotopes of arsenic 9 2.3 Arsenic valence state and bonding 10 2.4 Chemistry of arsenic solids 13 2.4.1 Elemental arsenic 13 2.4.2 Common arsenic minerals and other solid arsenic compounds 15 2.4.3 Arsine and other volatile arsenic compounds 24 2.4.4 Organoarsenicals 24 2.5 Introduction to arsenic oxidation and reduction 26 2.5.1 Arsenic oxidation 26 2.5.2 Arsenic reduction 27 2.6 Introduction to arsenic methylation and demethylation 28 2.7 Arsenic in water 30 2.7.1 Introduction 30 2.7.2 Aqueous solubility of arsenic compounds and thermodynamics 31 2.7.3 Dissolved arsenic species 40 2.7.4 Dissociation of arsenious and arsenic acids 42 2.7.5 Eh-pH diagrams, and their limitations 45 2.7.6 Sorption, ion exchange, precipitation, and coprecipitation of arsenic in water 46 2.8 Chemistry of gaseous arsenic emissions 57 References 59 3 Arsenic in Natural Environments 69 Kevin R. Henke 3.1 Introduction 69 3.2 Nucleosynthesis: the origin of arsenic 70 3.2.1 The Big Bang 70 3.2.2 Arsenic formation in stars 70 3.3 Arsenic in the universe as a whole 73 3.4 Arsenic chemistry of the solar system 73 3.4.1 Arsenic in the Sun, Moon, and planets 73 3.4.2 Arsenic in meteorites and tektites 74 3.5 Arsenic in the bulk Earth, crusts, and interior 77 3.5.1 Estimating arsenic concentrations of the bulk Earth and the Earth’s core and mantle 77 3.5.2 The core 78 3.5.3 The mantle 78 3.5.4 The Earth’s crusts 79 3.6 Arsenic in hydrothermal and geothermal fluids and their deposits 82 3.6.1 Introduction 82 3.6.2 Origins of hydrothermal fluids and their arsenic 83 3.6.3 Arsenic chemistry of hydrothermal fluids 85 3.6.4 Arsenic mineralogy of hydrothermal deposits 91 3.6.5 Surface and near-surface oxidation of hydrothermal arsenic 93 3.6.6 Arsenic chemistry in hot springs 94 3.6.7 Arsenic in geothermal power plant scales 95 3.6.8 Arsenic in volcanic gas emissions 96 3.6.9 Environmental impacts of arsenic in hydrothermal and geothermal fluids 96 3.7 Oxidation of arsenic-bearing sulfides in geologic materials and mining wastes 97 3.7.1 Oxidation of sulfide minerals 97 3.7.2 Factors influencing the oxidation of arsenic-bearing sulfide minerals 97 3.7.3 Environmental consequences of sulfide and arsenic oxidation 99 3.7.4 Oxidation chemistry of major arsenic-bearing sulfides 102 3.8 Interactions between arsenic and natural organic matter (NOM) 106 3.9 Sorption and coprecipitation of arsenic with iron and other (oxy)(hydr)oxides 106 3.9.1 Introduction 106 3.9.2 Iron, aluminum, and manganese (oxy)(hydr)oxides 107 3.9.3 Sulfate (oxy)(hydr)oxides and related compounds 108 3.10 Arsenate (inorganic As(V)) precipitation 110 3.11 Reductive dissolution of iron and manganese (oxy)(hydr)oxides 110 3.12 Arsenic and sulfide at < 50 ◦c 114 3.13 Arsenic and its chemistry in mined materials 115 3.13.1 Environmental issues with arsenic-bearing sulfide minerals in coal and ore deposits 115 3.13.2 Behavior of arsenic within mining wastes 115 3.13.3 Movement of arsenic from mining wastes and into the environment 116 3.14 Marine waters and sediments 117 3.14.1 Inorganic arsenic in seawater 117 3.14.2 Marine arsenic cycle 120 3.14.3 Arsenic methylation in marine environments 121 3.14.4 Arsenic in marine sediments 121 3.15 Estuaries 122 3.15.1 Arsenic in estuaries 122 3.15.2 Seasonal effects on arsenic in estuaries 125 3.15.3 Arsenic in pristine estuaries 125 3.15.4 Arsenic in contaminated estuaries 126 3.16 Rivers and other streams 127 3.17 Lakes 136 3.18 Wetlands 145 3.19 Groundwater 146 3.19.1 Subsurface water and groundwater 146 3.19.2 Impacts of arsenic contamination in shallow (< 1 km deep) groundwaters 148 3.19.3 ‘Dissolved’ and particulate arsenic in groundwater 148 3.19.4 Arsenic mobility in groundwater 148 3.19.5 Sources of arsenic contamination in groundwater 149 3.19.6 Arsenic chemistry in groundwater 161 3.20 Glacial ice and related sediments 162 3.21 Arsenic in air and wind-blown sediments 163 3.21.1 Arsenic emission sources 163 3.21.2 Arsenic atmospheric chemistry 165 3.21.3 Arsenic in precipitation 166 3.21.4 Arsenic in atmospheric dust 166 3.21.5 Arsenic in wind-blown sediment deposits (loess) 168 3.21.6 Arsenic in soil and sediment gases 168 3.22 Petroleum 168 3.23 Soils 169 3.23.1 Distinguishing between soils and sediments 169 3.23.2 Arsenic chemistry in soils 171 3.23.3 Soil porewater chemistry 178 3.24 Sedimentary rocks 178 3.24.1 Diagenesis and sedimentary rocks 178 3.24.2 Coal 180 3.24.3 Shales and oil shales 190 3.24.4 Other sedimentary rocks 195 3.25 Metamorphic rocks 196 References 198 Further reading 235 4 Toxicology and Epidemiology of Arsenic and its Compounds 237 Michael F. Hughes, David J. Thomas, and Elaina M. Kenyon 4.1 Introduction 237 4.2 Physical and chemical properties of arsenic 238 4.3 Exposure to arsenic 238 4.4 Arsenic disposition and biotransformation in mammals 240 4.4.1 Introduction 240 4.4.2 Respiratory deposition and absorption 240 4.4.3 Gastrointestinal absorption 241 4.4.4 Dermal absorption 242 4.5 Systemic clearance of arsenic and binding to blood components 243 4.6 Tissue distribution 244 4.7 Placental transfer and distribution in the fetus 246 4.8 Arsenic biotransformation 247 4.8.1 Introduction 247 4.8.2 Arsenic methylation in humans and other mammals 248 4.8.3 Significance of arsenic methylation 248 4.8.4 Molecular basis of the metabolism of inorganic arsenic 248 4.8.5 Reconciling experimental data and the Challenger scheme 251 4.9 Arsenic excretion 252 4.10 Effects of arsenic exposure 253 4.10.1 Acute exposure 253 4.10.2 Chronic exposure 254 4.11 Cardiovascular 254 4.11.1 Introduction 254 4.11.2 Peripheral vascular disease 255 4.11.3 Ischemic heart disease 255 4.11.4 Cerebrovascular disease 255 4.11.5 Atherosclerosis 255 4.11.6 Hypertension 256 4.12 Endocrine 256 4.13 Hepatic 257 4.14 Neurological 257 4.15 Skin 257 4.16 Developmental 258 4.17 Other organ systems 258 4.18 Cancer 259 4.18.1 Introduction 259 4.18.2 Skin 259 4.18.3 Lung 260 4.18.4 Bladder 260 4.19 Animal models for arsenic-induced cancer 260 4.20 Mechanism of action 261 4.20.1 Introduction 261 4.20.2 Replacement of phosphate 262 4.20.3 Enzyme inhibition 262 4.20.4 Oxidative stress 262 4.20.5 Genotoxicity 263 4.20.6 Alteration of DNA repair 263 4.20.7 Signal transduction 263 4.20.8 Gene transcription 263 4.20.9 DNA methylation 264 4.20.10 Growth factors 264 4.21 Regulation of arsenic 264 References 265 5 Arsenic in Human History and Modern Societies 277 Kevin R. Henke and David A. Atwood 5.1 Introduction 277 5.2 Early recognition and uses of arsenic by humans 278 5.3 Alchemy, development of methods to recover elemental arsenic, and the synthesis of arsenic compounds 279 5.4 Applications with arsenic 279 5.4.1 Medicinal applications: dangerous quackery and some important drugs 279 5.4.2 Pesticides and agricultural applications 280 5.4.3 Chemical weapons 282 5.4.4 Embalming fluids 282 5.4.5 Paints and dyes 283 5.4.6 Wood treatment 284 5.4.7 Semiconductors 286 5.5 Increasing health, safety, and environmental concerns 286 5.6 Arsenic in crime 287 5.7 Poisoning controversies: Napoleon Bonaparte 288 5.8 Arsenic in prospecting, mining, and markets 289 5.8.1 Arsenic as a pathfinder element in prospecting 289 5.8.2 Arsenic mining, production, and market trends 290 5.9 Arsenic in coal and oil shale utilization and their by-products 291 5.9.1 Coal cleaning and combustion 291 5.9.2 Arsenic behavior during combustion 291 5.9.3 Postcombustion flue gas treatment 295 5.9.4 Arsenic chemistry in coal combustion byproducts 295 5.9.5 Coal gasification 296 5.9.6 Oil shale utilization 296 References 297 6 Major Occurrences of Elevated Arsenic in Groundwater and Other Natural Waters 303 Abhijit Mukherjee, Alan E. Fryar, and Bethany M. O’Shea 6.1 Introduction 303 6.2 Arsenic speciation and mobility in natural waters 304 6.3 Immobilization of arsenic in hydrologic systems 304 6.3.1 Precipitation, coprecipitation, and association with sulfides 304 6.3.2 Arsenic sorption on metal (oxy)(hydr)oxides 305 6.3.3 Arsenic sorption on clay minerals 306 6.3.4 Carbonate interactions 306 6.4 Mobilization of arsenic in water 309 6.4.1 Competitive anion exchange 309 6.4.2 Effect of natural organic matter (NOM) 310 6.4.3 Effect of pH 310 6.4.4 Redox-dependent mobilization 311 6.4.5 Complex and colloid formation 311 6.5 Natural occurrences of elevated arsenic around the world 313 6.5.1 Introduction 313 6.5.2 Bengal basin, India and Bangladesh 317 6.5.3 Middle Ganges Plain, India 324 6.5.4 Donargarh rift belt, Chattisgarh, central India 326 6.5.5 Terai alluvial plain, Nepal 326 6.5.6 Indus alluvial system, Pakistan 327 6.5.7 Irrawaddy delta, Myanmar 328 6.5.8 Mekong plain and delta, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos 328 6.5.9 Red River delta, Vietnam 331 6.5.10 Yellow River plains, Inner Mongolia, China 332 6.5.11 Taiwan 333 6.5.12 Coastal aquifers of Australia 334 6.5.13 Sedimentary basins and basement complexes of West Africa 334 6.5.14 Western USA 335 6.5.15 New England, USA 336 6.5.16 Northern Chile 337 6.5.17 Chaco and Pampa plains of Argentina 338 References 339 7 Waste Treatment and Remediation Technologies for Arsenic 351 Kevin R. Henke 7.1 Introduction 351 7.2 Treatment technologies for arsenic in water 352 7.2.1 Introduction 352 7.2.2 Preoxidation of As(III) in water 353 7.2.3 Sorption and ion-exchange technologies 357 7.2.4 Precipitation/coprecipitation 390 7.2.5 Permeable reactive barriers 394 7.2.6 Filtration, membranes, and other separation technologies 395 7.2.7 Biological treatment and bioremediation 398 7.2.8 Natural remediation 401 7.3 Treatment technologies for arsenic in solids 401 7.3.1 Introduction 401 7.3.2 Review of various treatment technologies for arsenic in inorganic solids 402 7.3.3 Review of various treatment technologies for chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood 410 7.4 Treatment technologies for arsenic in gases 414 References 415 Appendices A Common Physical and Chemical Constants and Conversions for Units of Measure 431 B Glossary of Terms 437 B. 1 Introduction 437 B. 2 Glossary 437 References 472 C Arsenic Thermodynamic Data 475 C. 1 Introduction 475 C. 2 Modeling applications with thermodynamic data 493 C. 3 Thermodynamic data 493 References 493 D Locations of Significant Arsenic Contamination 495 References 524 E Regulation of Arsenic: A Brief Survey and Bibliography 545 E. 1 Introduction 545 E. 2 Regulation of arsenic in water 545 E.2. 1 Drinking water 546 E. 2 Arsenic standards of natural surface waters and groundwaters 549 E. 3 Regulation of arsenic in solid and liquid wastes 549 E.3. 1 Bangladesh 549 E.3. 2 European Union (EU) 550 E. 3 Japan 550 E.3. 4 Norway 550 E.3. 5 Taiwan 550 E.3. 6 United States of America 550 E. 4 Sediment and soil guidelines and standards for arsenic 553 E.4. 1 Introduction 553 E.4. 2 Australia 553 E.4. 3 Canada 553 E. 4 European Union 554 E.4. 5 Italy 554 E.4. 6 Japan 554 E.4. 7 Korea (South) 554 E.4. 8 Thailand 554 E.4. 9 United States of America 554 E. 5 Regulation of arsenic in food and drugs 555 E.5. 1 Australia and New Zealand 555 E.5. 2 Canada 555 E.5. 3 United States of America 555 E. 6 Regulation of arsenic in air 556 E.6. 1 European Union 556 E.6. 2 United States of America 556 References 556 Index 559
£153.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Handbook of Chemical and Environmental
Book SynopsisThis interdisciplinary resource demonstrates that the solution to numerous environmental problems lies in the combination of chemical and environmental engineering. It presents over 300 practical problems with solutions provided in a detailed programmed-institutional format.Table of ContentsPreface. PART I: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FUDNAMENTALS. Chapter 1. Units and Dimensions (UAD). Chapter 2. Conservation Law for Mass (CMA). Chapter 3. Conservation Law for Energy (CLE). Chapter 4. Conservation Law for Momentum (CLM). Chapter 5. Stoichiometry (STO). PART II: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES. Chapter 6. Fluid Flow (FFL). Chapter 7. Heat Transfer (HTR). Chapter 8. Mass Transfer Operations (MTO). Chapter 9. Thermodynamics (THR). Chapter 10. Chemical Kinetics (KIN). Chapter 11. Process Control (CTR). Chapter 12. Process Design (PRD). PART III: AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT. Chapter 13. Fluid Particle Dynamics (FPD). Chapter 14. Mechanical Collectors (MCC). Chapter 15. Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP). Chapter 16. Baghouses (BAG). Chapter 17. Venturi Scrubbers (VEN). Chapter 18. Hybrid Systems (HYB). Chapter 18. Hybrid Systems (HYB). Chapter 19. Combustion (CMB). Chapter 20. Absorption (ABS). Chapter 21. Adsorption (ADS). PART IV: SOLID WASTE. Chapter 22. Regulations (REG). Chapter 23. Characteristics (CHR). Chapter 24. Nuclear/Radioactive Waste (NUC). Chapter 25. Superfund (SUP). Chapter 26. Municipal Waste (MUN). Chapter 27. Hazardous Waste Incineration (HWI). Chapter 28. Hospital/Medical Waste (MED). PART V: WATER QUALITY AND WATEWATER TREATMENT. Chapter 29. Regulations (REG). Chapter 30. Characteristics (CHR). Chapter 31. Water Chemistry (WCH). Chapter 32. Physical Treatment (PHY). Chapter 33. Biological Treatment (BIO). Chapter 34. Chemical Treatment (CHM). Chapter 35. Sludge Handling (SLU). Chapter 36. Water Quality Analysis (QA). PART VI: POLLUTION PREVENTION. Chapter 37. Source Reduction (RED). Chapter 38. Recycle/Reuse (RCY). Chapter 39. Treatment (TRT). Chapter 40. Ultimate Disposal (ULT). Chapter 41. Energy Conservation (ENC). Chapter 42. Domestic Applications (DOM). PART VII: HEALTH SAFETY< AND ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT. Chapter 43. Toxicology (TOX). Chapter 44. Health Risk Analysis (HRA). Chapter 45. Hazard Risk Analysis (HZA). Chapter 46. Hazard Risk Assessment (HZR). Chapter 47. Industrial Applications (IAP). PART VII: OTHER TOPICS. Chapter 48. Dispersion (DSP). Chapter 49. Noise Pollution (NOP). Chapter 50. Economics (ECO). Chapter 51. Ethics (ETH). Chapter 52. Statistics (STT). Chapter 53. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Chapter 54. ISO 14000 (ISO). Chapter 55. Measurements (MEA). Index.
£150.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Electrochemical Remediation Technologies for
Book SynopsisThis book covers the fundamentals, current assessment, and future directions of electrochemical remediation, a volume in high demand from researchers and practitioners alike. It provides an overview of available electrochemical remediation technologies, modeling, regulatory considerations, and field studies.Trade Review“This is a good book; with more editorial effort it could have been a great book.” (European Journal of Soil Science, 1 August 2010) "The book will serve as a valuable reference for anyone currently working in the field of electrokinetics technology, as well as anyone who is interested in the topic and desires a concise yet comprehensive coverage of the subject." (International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, December 2009) "The 66 authors have covered the most diverse aspects of this technology in the book, the editors' efforts should be praised, as they have managed to amalgamate the various contributions into a homogeneous, very readable and practical work. The descriptions are clear and understandable, and they are easy to translate into practical applications" ( Land Contamination & Reclamation, February 2010)Table of ContentsPREFACE. CONTRIBUTORS. PART I Introduction and Basic Principles. 1 Overview of Electrochemical Remediation Technologies (Krishna R. Reddy and Claudio Cameselle). 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. Electrochemical Technologies for Site Remediation. 1.3. Electrochemical Transport, Transfer, and Transformation Processes. 1.4. Electrochemical Removal of Inorganic Pollutants. 1.5. Electrochemical Removal of Organic Pollutants. 1.6. Electrochemical Removal of Contaminant Mixtures. 1.7. Special Considerations in Remediating Polluted Sediments. 1.8. Electrokinetic Barriers for Pollution Containment. 1.9. Coupled (or Integrated) Electrochemical Remediation Technologies. 1.10. Mathematical Modeling of Electrochemical Remediation. 1.11. Economic and Regulatory Considerations. 1.12. Field Applications and Lessons Learned. 1.13. Future Directions. References. 2 Electrochemical Transport and Transformations (Sibel Pamukcu). 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Overview. 2.3. Electrochemical Transport in Bulk Fluid. 2.4. Electrochemical Transport in Clays in the Direction of Applied Electric Field. 2.5. Electrochemical Transformations. 2.6. Summary. References. 3 Geochemical Processes Affecting Electrochemical Remediation (Albert T. Yeung). 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Soil–Fluid–Chemical System as Active Electrochemical System. 3.3. Generation of pH Gradient. 3.4. Change of Zeta Potential of Soil Particle Surfaces. 3.5. Change in Direction of Electroosmotic Flow. 3.6. Sorption and Desorption of Contaminants onto/from Soil Particle Surfaces. 3.7. Buffer Capacity of Soil. 3.8. Complexation. 3.9. Oxidation–Reduction (Redox) Reactions. 3.10. Interactions of Geochemical Processes. 3.11. Summary. References. PART II Remediation of Heavy Metals and Other Inorganic Pollutants. 4 Electrokinetic Removal of Heavy Metals (Lisbeth M. Ottosen, Henrik K. Hansen, and Pernille E. Jensen). 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Principle of EK Removal of Heavy Metals from Soils. 4.3. Heavy Metal and Soil Type. 4.4. Enhancement Methods. 4.5. Remediation of Mine Tailings, Ashes, Sediments, and Sludge. 4.6. Summary. References. 5 Electrokinetic Removal of Radionuclides (Vladimir A. Korolev). 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Electrokinetic Localization of Radioactive Nuclide Pollution. 5.3. Electrokinetic Cleaning of Ground from Radioactive Nuclides. 5.4. Summary. References. 6 Electrokinetic Removal of Nitrate and Fluoride (Kitae Baek and Jung-Seok Yang). 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Pollution and Health Effects of Anionic Pollutants. 6.3. Removal of Anionic Pollutants by Electrokinetics. 6.4. Summary. References. 7 Electrokinetic Treatment of Contaminated Marine Sediments (Giorgia De Gioannis, Aldo Muntoni, Alessandra Polettini, and Raffaella Pomi). 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Contaminated Sediment Treatment Options. 7.3. Electrokinetic Treatment of Sediments. 7.4. Case Study: Tests on Electrokinetic Remediation of Sea Harbor Sediments. 7.5. Summary. References. 8 Electrokinetic Stabilization of Chromium (VI)-Contaminated Soils (Laurence Hopkinson, Andrew Cundy, David Faulkner, Anne Hansen, and Ross Pollock). 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Materials and Methods. 8.3. Experimental Results. 8.4. Discussion. 8.5. Summary. Acknowledgments. References. PART III Remediation of Organic Pollutants. 9 Electrokinetic Removal of PAHs (Ji-Won Yang and You-Jin Lee). 9.1. Introduction. 9.2. Backgrounds. 9.3. Electrokinetic Removal of PAHs Using Facilitating Agents. 9.4. Summary. References. 10 Electrokinetic Removal of Chlorinated Organic Compounds (Xiaohua Lu and Songhu Yuan). 10.1. Introduction. 10.2. Electrokinetic Removal of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons. 10.3. Electrokinetic Removal of Chlorophenols. 10.4. Electrokinetic Removal of Chlorobenzenes. 10.5. Summary. References. 11 Electrokinetic Transport of Chlorinated Organic Pesticides (Ahmet Karagunduz). 11.1. Introduction. 11.2. Electrokinetic Removal of Chlorinated Pesticides. 11.3. Surfactant-Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Chlorinated Pesticides. 11.4. Cosolvent-Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Chlorinated Pesticides. 11.5. Summary. References. 12 Electrokinetic Removal of Herbicides from Soils (Alexandra B. Ribeiro and Eduardo P. Mateus). 12.1. Introduction. 12.2. Herbicides. 12.3. Case Study. 12.4. Summary. Acknowledgments. References. 13 Electrokinetic Removal of Energetic Compounds (David A. Kessler, Charles P. Marsh and Sean Morefield). 13.1. Introduction. 13.2. Chemistry of Clay–Energetic Compound Complexes. 13.3. Remediation Strategies. 13.4. Electrokinetics to Enhance Remediation Strategies. 13.5. Summary. References. PART IV Remediation of Mixed Contaminants. 14 Electrokinetic Remediation of Mixed Metal Contaminants (Kyoung-Woong Kim, Keun-Young Lee and Soon-Oh Kim). 14.1. Introduction. 14.2. General Principle for Mixed Metal Contaminants. 14.3. Representative Studies on Electrokinetic Remediation of Mixed Heavy Metals. 14.4. Specific Insight for Removal of Mixed Heavy Metals, Including Cr, As, and Hg. 14.5. Summary. References. 15 Electrokinetic Remediation of Mixed Metals and Organic Contaminants (Maria Elektorowicz). 15.1. Challenge in Remediation of Mixed Contaminated Soils. 15.2. Application of Electrokinetic Phenomena to the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Soils. 15.3. Summary. References. PART V Electrokinetic Barriers. 16 Electrokinetic Barriers for Preventing Groundwater Pollution (Rod Lynch). 16.1. Introduction. 16.2. History of Electrokinetic Barrier Development. 16.3. Recent Studies. 16.4. Use With Other Technologies. 16.5. Summary. Acknowledgments. References. 17 Electrokinetic Biofences (Reinout Lageman and Wiebe Pool). 17.1. Introduction. 17.2. Application in the Field. 17.3. Case Study. 17.4. Summary. Reference. PART VI Integrated (Coupled) Technologies. 18 Coupling Electrokinetics to the Bioremediation of Organic Contaminants: Principles and Fundamental Interactions (Lukas Y. Wick). 18.1. Introduction. 18.2. Principles and Fundamental Interactions of Electrobioremediation. 18.3. Research Needs. Acknowledgments. References. 19 Coupled Electrokinetic–Bioremediation: Applied Aspects (Svenja T. Lohner, Andreas Tiehm, Simon A. Jackman, and Penny Carter). 19.1. Bioremediation of Soils. 19.2. Combination of Electrokinetics and Bioremediation. 19.3. Practical Considerations and Limitations for Coupled Bio-Electro. Processes. 19.4. Summary. Acknowledgments. References. 20 Influence of Coupled Electrokinetic–Phytoremediation on Soil Remediation. M.C. Lobo Bedmar, A. Pérez-Sanz, M.J. Martínez-Iñigo, and A. Plaza Benito. 20.1. Soil Contamination: Legislation. 20.2. What is the Limit of the Remediation Soil Recovery. 20.3. Influence of the Electrokinetic Technology on Soil Properties. 20.4. Phytoremediation. 20.5. Use of the Electrokinetic Process to Improve Phytoremediation. 20.6. Phytoremediation after Electrokinetic Process. 20.7. Summary. References. 21 Electrokinetic–Chemical Oxidation/Reduction (Gordon C. C. Yang). 21.1. Introduction. 21.2. General Principles. 21.3. Representative Studies. 21.4. Electrokinetic Treatment Coupled with Injection of Nanomaterials. 21.5. Prospective. References. 22 Electrosynthesis of Oxidants and Their Electrokinetic Distribution (W. Wesner, Andrea Diamant, B. Schrammel, and M. Unterberger). 22.1. Oxidants for Soil Remediation. 22.2. Production of Oxidants. 22.3. Distribution of Oxidants. References. 23 Coupled Electrokinetic–Permeable Reactive Barriers (Chih-Huang Weng). 23.1. Introduction. 23.2. Design of Reactive Barrier in the EK–PRB Process. 23.3. Implementation of EK–PRB to Polluted Soil. 23.4. Perspectives. References. 24 Coupled Electrokinetic–Thermal Desorption (Gregory J. Smith). 24.1. Fundamental Principles. 24.2. Thermal Principles. 24.3. Physical and Chemical Principles. 24.4. Fluid and Energy Transport. 24.5. Hydraulic Principles. 24.6. Biological Processes at Elevated Temperatures. 24.7. Summary. References. PART VII Mathematical Modeling. 25 Electrokinetic Modeling of Heavy Metals (José Miguel Rodríguez-Maroto and Carlos Vereda-Alonso). 25.1. Introduction. 25.2. One-Dimensional EKR Simple Model. 25.3. Two-Dimensional Model. Notation. References. 26 Electrokinetic Barriers: Modeling and Validation (R. Sri Ranjan). 26.1. Introduction. 26.2. Electrokinetic Phenomena. 26.3. Direct and Coupled Flow and Transport of Ions. 26.4. Model Development. 26.5. Model Validation. 26.6. Field Application Scenarios. 26.7. Summary. Acknowledgments. References. PART VIII Economic and Regulatory Considerations. 27 Cost Estimates for Electrokinetic Remediation (Christopher J. Athmer). 27.1. Introduction. 27.2. Cost Factors. 27.3. Cost Breakdown. 27.4. Summary. References. 28 Regulatory Aspects of Implementing Electrokinetic Remediation (Randy A. Parker). 28.1. Introduction. 28.2. Overview of Environmental Regulation in the USA. 28.3. Regulatory Considerations for Implementing Electrokinetic Remediation. 28.4. Summary. References. PART IX Field Applications and Performance Assessment. 29 Field Applications of Electrokinetic Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals (Anshy Oonnittan, Mika Sillanpaa, Claudio Cameselle, and Krishna R. Reddy). 29.1. Introduction. 29.2. Description of Processes Involved in Field Applications. 29.3. Electrokinetic Remediation Setup in Field Applications. 29.4. Outcome of Field-Scale Experiments. 29.5. Factors that Limit the Applicability of Electrokinetic Technology. 29.6. Prerequisites and Site Information Needed. 29.7. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Technology. 29.8. Summary. References. 30 Field Studies: Organic-Contaminated Soil Remediation with Lasagna Technology (Christopher J. Athmer and Sa V. Ho). 30.1. Introduction. 30.2. Field Implementation Considerations. 30.3. Case Studies. 30.4. Summary and Future Activities. References. 31 Coupled Electrokinetic PRB for Remediation of Metals in Groundwater (Ha Ik Chung and MyungHo Lee). 31.1. Introduction. 31.2. Electrokinetic (EK) Extraction System. 31.3. Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) System. 31.4. Combined System of Electrokinetics and Permeable Reactive Barrier. 31.5. Field Application. 31.6. Summary. References. 32 Field Studies on Sediment Remediation (J. Kenneth Wittle, Sibel Pamukcu, Dave Bowman, Lawrence M. Zanko and Falk Doering). 32.1. Introduction. 32.2. Background on the Need for Remediation and the Duluth Project. 32.3. What is ECGO Technology? 32.4. The Remediation of Minnesota Slip Sediments at the Erie Pier CDF in Duluth, Minnesota. 32.5. Summary. Reference. 33 Experiences With Field Applications of Electrokinetic Remediation (Reinout Lageman and Wiebe Pool). 33.1. Introduction. 33.2. ER. 33.3. Investigation and Design of ER. 33.4. Some Project Results. 33.5. Summary. INDEX.
£149.35
John Wiley & Sons Inc Environmental Surfaces and Interfaces from the
Book SynopsisBased on the author's 15 years of teaching water-rock interactions and tried and tested in the classroom, Environmental Surfaces and Interfaces covers everything from the theory of charged particle surfaces to how minerals grow and dissolve to new frontiers in W-R interactions, such as nanoparticles, geomicrobiology, and climate change.Table of ContentsPreface xv Constants and Units xvii Periodic Table of the Elements 1 Some Fundamental Chemical Thermodynamic and Kinetic Concepts 1 Concentration Units 1 Thermodyamic Versus Kinetic Approaches 2 Introductory Thermodynamics 3 Gibbs Energy 4 Chemical Potential and Activity 4 Equilibrium Constants 5 Calculating the Equilibrium Constant from Gibbs Energy Changes 6 Temperature Effects on Keq 8 Calculating Activities 9 Saturation Indices (SIs) 12 Carbonate Equilibria in Open or Closed Systems 13 Calcite Equilibria in a System Open to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide 14 Redox Reactions 17 Metal Speciation Diagrams 19 A Brief Introduction to Kinetics 20 Overall Versus Elementary Reactions 20 Molecularity and Reaction Order 21 Transition State Theory and the Arrhenius Equation 24 Michaelis-Menten Kinetics 25 The Elovich Equation for Chemisorption Kinetics 26 Simultaneous Versus Sequential Reaction Sequences 27 Transport Versus Surface Control of Mineral Growth and Dissolution Rates 28 Rate Laws for Surface-Controlled Mineral Growth and Dissolution 30 Equilibration Time in Porous Media 31 Questions for Further Thought 31 Further Reading 34 2 The Hydrologic Cycle as Context for Environmental Surfaces and Interfaces 35 The Structure and Fundamental Properties of Water 35 The Chemical Composition of the Earth 37 The Critical Zone 38 The Hydrologic Cycle 38 Oceans 39 Atmosphere 40 Underground water 43 Soils and Soil Water 44 Groundwater 45 Surface Waters: Focus on Rivers 52 Stream Load 52 Gibbs Plots 54 The Hyporheic Zone 56 The OTIS Model and Solute Transport in Streams 56 Particle Transport and Sedimentation 57 Water Budgets and Chemical Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems 59 Questions for Further Thought 62 Further Reading 66 3 Some Minerals of Special Interest to Environmental Surface Chemistry 67 Gibbsite 67 Quartz 68 Kaolinite 69 Smectite: Example Montmorillonite 71 Fe(hydr)oxides 73 Hematite 73 Goethite 73 Lepidocrocite 76 Maghemite 77 Ferrihydrite 77 Magnetite 77 Manganese Oxides 77 Calcite 78 Feldspars 79 Zeolites 79 Questions for Further Thought 81 Further Reading 81 4 Some Key Techniques for Investigating Surfaces and Interfaces 82 A Brief Overview of Some Commonly Used Techniques 82 In-Depth Descriptions of Some Key Techniques 86 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 86 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 87 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) 90 Case Study: Imaging Parameters and High-Resolution Imaging of Hematite 91 AFM and Interfacial Forces 92 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 99 BET Surface Area Measurements 100 Some Synchrotron-Based Techniques 103 Microscopies for Biofilm Imaging 108 Questions for Further Thought 108 Further Reading 111 5 Surfaces and Interfaces 112 What is a Surface? What is an Interface? 112 The Challenges of Defining Surfaces and Interfaces 113 Surfaces are Complex 114 Relaxation and Reconstruction 114 Surface Sites 115 Surface Microtopography 116 Surface Free Energy 117 Water Near Surfaces 119 Dynamic Surfaces 120 Bacterial Substrates 120 Fractal Properties of Surfaces and Environmental Particles 120 Interdisciplinary Topic of Study 123 Surface Free Energy and Surface Excess 124 Surface Tension and Related Phenomena 126 Surfactants and Micelles 126 Contact Angle 127 The Young-Laplace Equation 128 Meniscus and Capillarity 128 The Gibbs Equation 130 Some Approaches to Surface and Interface Modeling 130 Case Study: Bacteria–Mineral–Gas Interactions in the Vadose Zone 132 Questions for Further Thought 133 Further Reading 135 6 The Charged Interface and Surface Complexation 136 Some Evidence for Surface Charge 136 Sources of Mineral Surface Charge 137 Points of Zero Charge 139 Case Study: The Surface Charge Properties of Kaolinitic Soils 140 Sorption Terminology 141 Cation Exchange Capacity 145 Sorption Isotherms 148 Adsorption Isotherm Equations 151 The Langmuir Isotherm Equation 151 The Freundlich Isotherm Equation 152 The Frumkin Isotherm Equation 153 The Double Layer, Gouy-Chapman Theory 153 Beyond Gouy-Chapman: Surface Complexation Models 155 Constant Capacitance Model (CCM) 161 The Diffuse Double Layer (DDL) Model 161 Triple Layer Model (TLM) 161 Charge Distribution CD/MUSIC Model 162 Model Verification and Validation 163 Case Study: Incorporating the Work Associated with Removal of Water During Adsorption into the TLM 164 DLVO Theory and Colloid Attachment in Porous Media 165 Questions for Further Thought 168 Further Reading 172 7 Sorption: Inorganic Cations and Anions 173 A Typical Sorption Experiment Design 174 Metal Cation Sorption 176 The Complexity of Cation Adsorption 179 Inorganic Anion Adsorption 183 Phosphate Adsorption 184 Nitrate Adsorption 186 Sulfate Adsorption 186 Carbonate Sorption 186 Importance of Redox State and Valence to Inorganic Ion Adsorption 187 Chromium 187 Neptunium 188 Uranium 188 Selenium 188 Case Study: Arsenic Speciation and Mobility 189 Questions for Further Thought 192 Further Reading 193 8 Sorption: Organic Compounds 194 A Brief Introduction to Organic Chemistry 195 Some Organic Compounds of Interest in Environmental Surface Chemistry 200 Polymers 200 Organic Surfactants, Including Fatty Acids 200 Humic Substances 201 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) 202 Substituted Nitrobenzenes (SNBs) 204 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 205 Sorption of Simple Organic Ligands, Surfactants, and Natural Organic Matter 205 Adsorption of Simple Organic Ligands 205 Adsorption of Anionic Surfactants, Fatty Acids 207 Sorption of Cationic Surfactants 208 Sorption of Phospholipid Surfactants: Biomedical Implications 209 Adsorption of Humic And Fulvic Acids (NOM) 210 Metal–Ligand Coadsorption: Ternary Surface Complexes 214 Sorption of Some Organic Pollutants 215 Vapor Pressure, Solubility, and Density 215 The Octanol-Water Partition Constant, Kow 218 Organic Fuel and Solvent Leaks: Volatilization, Solubility, Density, and Kow 219 The Hammett Constant σ for Substituted Aromatic Acids Based on the Benzene Ring 220 Case Study: Sorption of SNBs 221 Molecular Dynamics (MD) Modeling of Atrazine Absorption 223 The K d Approach to Hydrophobic Organic Compound Transport in Porous Media 224 Activated Carbon and Sorption of VOCs 226 Questions for Further Thought 227 Further Reading 230 9 Mineral Nucleation and Growth 231 Saturation State and Mineral Nucleation: An Example of the Confluence of Thermodynamics and Kinetics 231 Hydroxypyromorphite Nucleation 233 Heterogeneous Nucleation and Epitaxial Growth 233 From Nucleation to Growth 236 Ostwald Ripening 236 Transport and Surface Controlled Growth 236 The Special Importance of Kink Sites 237 BCF Theory 238 Growth Mode and Driving Force 240 Case Study: Calcite Birth and Spread versus Spiral Growth: BCF Theory 241 Rates of Step Advancement 242 Impurities and Growth at Steps 245 Monte Carlo Simulations of Crystal Growth 246 Biomineralization 247 Carbonate Precipitation in the Marine Environment 249 Questions for Further Thought 251 Further Reading 252 10 Mineral Weathering and Dissolution 253 Chemical, Physical, and Biological Weathering 253 Thermodynamics of Mineral Weathering 256 Kinetics of Mineral Dissolution 260 Etch Pit Formation 261 Oxalate Promoted Dissolution of Hematite 263 Comparison of Laboratory- and Field-Based Dissolution Rates 264 Reactive Surface Area and Feldspar Dissolution 266 Rainfall and Weathering: An Example from the Hawaiian Islands 269 Case Study: Weathering in the Antarctic Dry Valleys 270 Reactors for Dissolution Experiments 273 The Use of Radiogenic Isotopes in Weathering Studies 276 Questions for Further Thought 276 Further Reading 279 11 Plants as Environmental Surfaces 280 Ecohydrology and Soil Moisture Balance 280 Some Notes on Angiosperm Physiology 282 The Nutrient Needs of Plants 282 Effects of Plants on Mineral Dissolution and Weathering 284 Modes of Plant Elemental Cycling 287 Plants and Biomineralization: Phytoliths 287 Plants and Formations in Limestone Caves 289 Phytoremediation as an Example of Plant-Mineral-Contaminant Interactions 291 Case Study: Phytoremediation of Atrazine 293 Questions for Further Thought 294 Further Reading 295 12 Microorganisms As Environmental Surfaces 296 How Microorganisms “make a Living” 298 Metabolic Pathways 298 Microbial Redox Reactions and Michaelis-Menten Kinetics 303 Microbial Temperature Ranges and Extremophiles 305 Microbial Growth Curves 306 Bacterial Groups 307 Bacterial Cell Walls 307 Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilms 309 Bacterial–Metal Interactions 312 Bacterial-Promoted Mineral Dissolution 313 Dissolution of Fe(III)(hydr)oxides by DIRB 313 Dissimilatory Metal-Reducing Bacteria 315 Microbial Effects on Carbonate Dissolution 315 The Importance of Field-Based Studies 317 Case Study: The In Situ Microcosm Approach 318 Coupling In Situ Microcosms with Community Analysis 318 Siderophores 320 Microbial Biomineralization 322 Carbonate Precipitation 322 Fe(III)(hydr)oxide Precipitaton: BIOS 323 Banded Iron Formations (BIF) 324 (Alumino)silicate Precipitation 326 Case Study: Bioremediation of U at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Site 327 Microbial Fuel Cells 329 Questions for Further Thought 332 Further Reading 333 13 Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 335 What is a Nanoparticle? 335 Nanoparticle Occurrence and Distribution 337 What Makes a Nanoparticle Different? 339 Nanoparticle Surface Area, Stability, and Reactivity 340 Nanoparticles Have a Different Electronic Structure 340 How Electronic Structure Influences Nanoparticle Behavior 342 Nanoparticle Disorder and Defect Structures 343 Ferrihydrite Size, Structure, and Stability 343 Effects of pH and Adsorbed Ions on Nanoparticle Stabilities 344 Case Study: Fe(hydr)oxide Size and Stability 345 Secondary Growth of Nanoparticles 346 Self-Assembly and Templating 348 Nanoparticle Transport in Porous Media 348 The Emergence of Nanotechnology 350 Potential Environmental Effects of Engineered Nanoparticles 351 Questions for Further Thought 353 Further Reading 354 14 The Big Picture: Interface Processes and the Environment 356 Reactive Transport Models for Metals and Radionuclides in Porous Media 356 The K d Approach Encounters Difficulties for Metals and Radionuclides 356 Comparison of the K d versus Surface Complexation Modeling Approaches 357 Acid Rain Effects on Chemical Weathering 358 What Makes Rainfall Acidic? 359 Effects of Acid Rain 360 Acid Rain and Chemical Weathering 360 The Small Watershed Approach 362 NETPATH and PHREEQC 362 The Clean Air Act and Acid Rain Over Time 363 Acid Mine Drainage 364 The Environmental Problem 365 Nanoparticles and AMD 365 Hydrobiogeochemical and Photoreductive Processes 365 Biofilms and AMD 367 Potential Remediation Strategies 369 Environmental Particles and Climate Change 369 Climate Forcing and Feedbacks 370 Volcanoes and Climate 373 CO2 and Weathering 374 Modeling the C Cycle Over Geologic Time 376 Scaling Phenomena: Integrating Observations from the Atomic to the Watershed to the Global Scale 378 The Concept of the Macroscope 378 Embedded Sensor Network Systems 379 Sensors for Surface and Interface Phenomena 380 New Opportunities: New Challenges 380 Questions for Further Thought 381 Further Readings 383 Glossary of Terms 385 References 405 Index 437
£113.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Power Conversion and Control of Wind Energy
Book SynopsisWind energy is clean and sustainable and one of the fastest growing renewable energy resources in the world. Power conversion and control is one of the most important technologies in a wind energy system. The book covers a wide range of topics on wind energy conversion and control from an electrical engineering perspective.Trade Review"I highly recommend the essential and very in depth book Power Conversion and Control of Wind Energy Systems by Bin Wu, Ph.D., Yongqiang Lang, Ph.D., Navid Zargari, Ph.D., and Samir Kouro, Ph.D., to any academics, practicing engineers, consultants, electrical and energy industry executives, government policy makers, and graduate and senior undergraduate students seeking a complete and comprehensive reference textbook that covers all aspects of wind power conversion and control of wind energy conversion systems (WECS). This is a landmark book that is a must for anyone serious about the subject, and about the principles that underpin wind energy systems." (Blog Business World, 1 March 2012) "Considering that the wind energy is now highly competitive and is being emphasized all over the world, this book is extremely important and very timely. It is expected to be of wide demand in the world. The book is of unique quality, and no such book currently exists in the market. The primary emphasis of the book is power conversion and control of wind energy conversion systems. It gives comprehensive and in-depth analysis on wind generators, power converters and control systems of various types of wind generation systems. There are adequate explanatory materials on different types of wind turbines, and basics of wind energy systems. The book is very well-organized with physical explanations, mathematical analysis, computer simulation, experimental results, and worked-out examples. There are a large number of worked-out problems at the end of the book which are extremely important. It is a unique book with optimal balance of theory and practical discussion. It is a complete book for designers of wind generation systems and can serve as textbook for undergraduate/graduate courses in universities. —Dr. Bimal K. Bose, Condra Chair of Excellence/Emeritus in Power Electronics, University of TennesseeTable of ContentsPreface. List of Symbols. Acronyms and Abbreviations. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Overview of Wind Energy Conversion Systems. 1.3 Wind Turbine Technology. 1.4 Wind Energy Conversion System Configurations. 1.5 Grid Code. 1.6 Summary. 2. Fundamentals of Wind Energy Conversion System Control. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Wind Turbine Components. 2.3 Wind Turbine Aerodynamics. 2.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Control. 2.5 Summary. 3. Wind Generators and Modeling. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Reference Frame Transformation. 3.3 Induction Generator Models. 3.4 Synchronous Generators. 3.5 Summary. 4. Power Converters in Wind Energy Conversion Systems. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 AC Voltage Controllers (Soft Starters). 4.3 Interleaved Boost Converters. 4.4 Two-Level Voltage Source Converters. 4.5 Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Converters. 4.6 PWM Current Source Converters. 4.7 Control of Grid-Connected Inverter. 4.8 Summary. 5. Wind Energy System Configurations. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Fixed Speed WECS. 5.3 Variable Speed Induction Generator WECS. 5.4 Variable-speed Synchronous Generator WECS. 5.5 Summary. 6. Fixed-Speed Induction Generator WECS. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Configuration of Fixed-Speed Wind Energy Systems. 6.3 Operation Principle. 6.4 Grid Connection with Soft Starter. 6.5 Reactive Power Compensation. 6.6 Summary. 7. Variable-Speed Wind Energy Systems with Squirrel Cage Induction Generators. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Direct Field Oriented Control. 7.3 Indirect Field Oriented Control. 7.4 Direct Torque Control. 7.5 Control of Current Source Converter Interfaced WECS. 7.6 Summary. 8. Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Based WECS. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Super- and Sub-synchronous Operation of DFIG. 8.3 Unity Power Factor Operation of DFIG. 8.4 Leading and Lagging Power Factor Operation. 8.5 A Steady-State Performance of DFIG WECS. 8.6 DFIG WECS Start-up and Experiments. 8.7 Summary. 9. Variable-Speed Wind Energy Systems with Synchronous Generators. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 System Configuration. 9.3 Control of Synchronous Generators. 9.4 SG Wind Energy System with Back-to-back VSC. 9.5 DC/DC Boost Converter Interfaced SG Wind Energy Systems. 9.6 Reactive Power Control of SG WECS. 9.7 Current Source Converter Based SG Wind Energy Systems. 9.8 Summary. Appendix A. Per Unit System. Appendix B. Generator Parameters. Appendix C. Problems and Answers Manual.
£96.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Greening of Petroleum Operations The Science of
Book SynopsisThe Future of Petroleum Operations This state-of-the-art text analyzes some of the most contentious issues in the energy industry, covering new and greener processes for engineers and scientists and urging them to move petroleum operations closer to sustainability.Table of ContentsForeword. 1 Introduction. 1.1 The Science of Change: How Will Our Epoch Be Remembered? 1.2 Are Natural Resources Finite and Human Needs Infinite? 1.3 The Standard of Sustainable Engineering. 1.4 Can Nature Be Treated as If It Were Static? 1.5 Can Human Intervention Affect Long-term Sustainability of Nature? 1.6 Can an Energy Source Be Isolated from Matter? 1.7 Is It Possible That Air, Water, and Earth Became Our Enemy? 1.8 The Difference Between Sustainable and Unsustainable Products. 1.9 Can We Compare Diamonds with Enriched Uranium? 1.10 Is Zero-waste an Absurd Concept? 1.11 How Can We Determine Whether Natural Energy Sources Last Forever? 1.12 Can Doing Good Be Bad Business? 1.13 Greening of Petroleum Operations: A Fiction? 2 A Delinearized History of Civilization and the Science of Matter and Energy. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Fundamental Misconceptions of the Modern Age. 2.3 The Science of Intangibles. 2.4 The Science of Matter and Energy. 2.5 Paradigm Shift in Scientific and bEngineering Calculations. 2.6 Summary and Conclusions. 3 Fundamentals of Mass and Energy Balance. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 The Difference Between a Natural Process and an Engineered Process. 3.3 The Measurement Conundrum of the Phenomenon and its Observer. 3.4 Implications of Einstein's Theory of Relativity on Newtonian Mechanics. 3.5 Newton's First Assumption. 3.6 First Level of Rectification of Newton's First Assumption. 3.7 Second Level of Rectification of Newton's First Assumption. 3.8 Fundamental Assumptions of Electromagnetic Theory. 3.9 Aims of Modeling Natural Phenomena. 3.10 Challenges of Modeling Sustainable Petroleum Operations. 3.11 Implications of a Knowledge-based Sustainability Analysis. 3.12 Concluding remarks. 4 A True Sustainability Criterion and Its Implications. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Importance of the Sustainability Criterion. 4.3 The Criterion: The Switch that Determines the Direction at a Bifurcation Point. 4.4 Current Practices in Petroleum Engineering. 4.5 Development of a Sustainable Model. 4.6 Violation of Characteristic Time. 4.7 Observation of Nature: Importance of Intangibles. 4.8 Analogy of Physical Phenomena. 4.9 Intangible Cause to Tangible Consequence. 4.10 Removable Discontinuities: Phases and Renewability of Materials. 4.11 Rebalancing Mass and Energy. 4.12 Energy: The Current Model. 4.13 Tools Needed for Sustainable Petroleum Operations. 4.14 Conditions of Sustainability. 4.15 Sustainability Indicators. 4.16 Assessing the Overall Performance of a Process. 4.17 Inherent Features of a Comprehensive Criterion. 5 Scientific Characterization of Global Energy Sources. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Global Energy Scenario. 5.3 Solar Energy. 5.4 Hydropower. 5.5 Ocean Thermal, Wave, and Tidal Energy. 5.6 Wind Energy. 5.7 Bio-energy. 5.8 Fuelwood. 5.9 Bioethanol. 5.10 Biodiesel. 5.11 Nuclear Power. 5.12 Geothermal Energy. 5.13 Hydrogen Energy. 5.14 Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming. 5.15 Nuclear Energy and Global Warming. 5.16 Impact of Energy Technology and Policy. 5.17 Energy Demand in Emerging Economies. 5.18 Conventional Global Energy Model. 5.19 Renewable vs. Non-renewable: No Boundary as Such. 5.20 Knowledge-based Global Energy Model. 5.21 Concluding Remarks. 6 Scientific Characterization of Light and Light Sources. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Natural Light Source: The Sun. 6.3 Artificial Light Sources. 6.4 Pathways of Light. 6.5 Light Energy Model. 6.6 Spectral Analysis of Light. 6.7 Effect of Lamp Coating on Light Spectra. 6.8 Effect of Eyeglasses and Sunglasses on Light Spectra. 6.9 Concluding Remarks. 7 The Science of Global Warming. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Historical Development. 7.3 Current Status of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 7.4 Comments on Copenhagen Summit. 7.5 Classification of CO2. 7.6 The Role of Water in Global Warming. 7.7 Characterization of Energy Sources. 7.8 The Kyoto Protocol. 7.9 Sustainable Energy Development. 7.10 Zero Waste Energy Systems. 7.11 Reversing Global Warming: The Role of Technology Development. 7.12 Deconstructing the Myth of G loba 1 Warming and Cooling. 7.13 Concluding Remarks. 8 Diverging Fates of Sustainable and Unsustainable Products. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Chemical Composition of Polyurethane Fiber. 8.3 Biochemical Composition of Wool. 8.4 Pathways of Polyurethane. 8.5 Pathways of Wool. 8.6 Degradation of Polyurethane. 8.7 Degradation of Wools. 8.8 Recycling Polyurethane Waste. 8.9 Unsustainable Technologies. 8.10 Toxic Compounds from Plastic. 8.11 Environmental Impacts Issues. 8.12 How Much is Known? 8.13 Concluding Remarks. 9 Scientific Difference Between Sustainable and Unsustainable Processes. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Physical Properties of Beeswax and Paraffin Wax. 9.3 Microstructures of Beeswax and Paraffin wax. 9.4 Structural Analysis of Paraffin Wax and Beeswax. 9.5 Response to Uniaxial Compression. 9.6 Ultrasonic Tests on Beeswax and Paraffin Wax. 9.7 Natural Plastic and Synthetic Plastic. 9.8 Plastic Pathway from Crude Oil. 9.9 Theoretical Comparison Between Nylon and Silk. 9.10 Theoretical Comparison Between Synthetic Rubber and Latex (Natural Rubber). 9.11 Concluding Remarks. 10 Comparison of Various Energy Production Schemes. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Inherent Features of a Comprehensive Criterion. 10.3 The Need for a Multidimensional Study. 10.4 Assessing the Overall Performance of a Process. 10.5 Global Efficiency of Solar Energy to Electricity Conversion. 10.6 Global Efficiency of Biomass Energy. 10.7 Global efficiency of nuclear power. 10.8 Discussion. 10.9 Concluding remarks. 11 The Zero-Waste Concept and its Application to Petroleum Engineering. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Petroleum Refining. 11.3 Zero Waste in Product Life Cycle (Transportation, Use, and End-of-Life). 11.4 No-Flaring Technique. 12 Sustainable Refining and Gas Processing. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Pathways of Crude Oil Formation. 12.3 Pathways of Crude Oil Refining. 12.4 Additives in Oil Refining and Their Functions. 12.5 Emissions from Oil Refining Activities. 12.6 Degradation of Crude and Refined Oil. 12.7 Pathways of Natural Gas Processing. 12.8 Oil and Condensate Removal from Gas Streams. 12.9 Water Removal from Gas Streams. 12.10 Separation of Natural Gas Liquids. 12.11 Sulfur and Carbon Dioxide Removal. 12.12 Problems in Natural Gas Processing. 12.13 Innovative Solutions for Natural Gas Processing. 12.14 Concluding Remarks. 13 Flow Assurance in Petroleum Fluids. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 The Prevention of Hydrate Formation. 13.3 Problems with the Gas-processing Chemicals. 13.4 Pathways of Chemical Additives. 13.5 Sustainable Alternatives to Conventional Techniques for Hydrate Prevention. 13.6 Mechanism of Microbially Induced Corrosion. 13.7 Sustainable Approach to Corrosion Prevention. 13.8 Asphaltene Problems and Sustainable Mitigation. 14 Sustainable Enhanced Oil Recovery. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Chemical Flooding Agents. 14.3 Rendering CO2Injection Sustainable. 14.4 A Novel Microbial Technique. 14.5 Humanizing EOR Practices. 15 The Knowledge Economics. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 The Economics of Sustainable Engineering. 15.3 The New Synthesis. 15.4 A Case of Zero-waste Engineering. 16 Deconstniction of Engineering Myths Prevalent in the Energy Sector. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 The Sustainable Biofuel Fantasy. 16.3 "Clean" Nuclear Energy 720 17 Greening of Petroleum Operations. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Issues in Petroleum Operations. 17.3 Pathway Analysis of Crude and Refined Oil and Gas. 17.4 Critical Evaluation of Current Petroleum Practices. 17.5 Management. 17.6 Current Practices in Exploration, Drilling, and Production. 17.7 Challenges in Waste Management. 17.8 Problems in Transportation Operations. 17.9 Greening of Petroleum Operations. 17.10 Concluding Remarks. 18 Conclusion. 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 The HSSA (Honey > Sugar > Saccharin > Aspartame) Pathway. 18.3 HSSA Pathway in Energy Management. 18.4 The Conclusions. Appendix 1 Origin of Atomic Theory as Viewed by the European Scientists. Appendix 2 Nobel Prize in Physics (2008) given for discovering breakdown of symmetry. References and Bibliography. Index.
£216.86
John Wiley & Sons Inc Environmental Modelling Finding Simplicity in
Book SynopsisSimulation models are an established method used to investigate processes and solve practical problems in a wide variety of disciplines. Central to the concept of this second edition is the idea that environmental systems are complex, open systems.Trade Review“Those caveats aside, this book will provide an interesting and stimulating read for scientists with some familiarity with modelling who want to extend their understanding and to see how modelling has been usefully applied across a very wide range of problems in environmental science.” (European Journal of Soil Science, 1 December 2013) “Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students, researchers/faculty, and professionals/practitioners.” (Choice, 1 January 2014) “To conclude, the book offers important information on how to use models to develop our understanding of the processes that form the environment around us.” (Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 1 April 2013)Table of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the First Edition xv List of Contributors xvii Part I Model Building 1 1 Introduction 3John Wainwright and Mark Mulligan 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Why model the environment? 3 1.3 Why simplicity and complexity? 3 1.4 How to use this book 5 1.5 The book’s web site 6 References 6 2 Modelling and Model Building 7Mark Mulligan and John Wainwright 2.1 The role of modelling in environmental research 7 2.2 Approaches to model building: chickens, eggs, models and parameters? 12 2.3 Testing models 16 2.4 Sensitivity analysis and its role 18 2.5 Errors and uncertainty 20 2.6 Conclusions 23 References 24 3 Time Series: Analysis and Modelling 27Bruce D. Malamud and Donald L. Turcotte 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Examples of environmental time series 28 3.3 Frequency-size distribution of values in a time series 30 3.4 White noises and Brownian motions 32 3.5 Persistence 34 3.6 Other time-series models 41 3.7 Discussion and summary 41 References 42 4 Non-Linear Dynamics Self-Organization and Cellular Automata Models 45David Favis-Mortlock 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Self-organization in complex systems 47 4.3 Cellular automaton models 53 4.4 Case study: modelling rill initiation and growth 56 4.5 Summary and conclusions 61 4.6 Acknowledgements 63 References 63 5 Spatial Modelling and Scaling Issues 69Xiaoyang Zhang Nick A. Drake and John Wainwright 5.1 Introduction 69 5.2 Scale and scaling 70 5.3 Causes of scaling problems 71 5.4 Scaling issues of input parameters and possible solutions 72 5.5 Methodology for scaling physically based models 76 5.6 Scaling land-surface parameters for a soil-erosion model: a case study 82 5.7 Conclusion 84 References 87 6 Environmental Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics 91N.G. Wright and D.M. Hargreaves 6.1 Introduction 91 6.2 CFD fundamentals 92 6.3 Applications of CFD in environmental modelling 97 6.4 Conclusions 104 References 106 7 Data-Based Mechanistic Modelling and the Emulation of Large Environmental System Models 111Peter C. Young and David Leedal 7.1 Introduction 111 7.2 Philosophies of science and modelling 113 7.3 Statistical identification, estimation and validation 113 7.4 Data-based mechanistic (DBM) modelling 115 7.5 The statistical tools of DBM modelling 117 7.6 Practical example 117 7.7 The reduced-order modelling of large computer-simulation models 122 7.8 The dynamic emulation of large computer-simulation models 123 7.9 Conclusions 128 References 129 8 Stochastic versus Deterministic Approaches 133Philippe Renard, Andres Alcolea and David Ginsbourger 8.1 Introduction 133 8.2 A philosophical perspective 135 8.3 Tools and methods 137 8.4 A practical illustration in Oman 143 8.5 Discussion 146 References 148 Part II The State of The Art in Environmental Modelling 151 9 Climate and Climate-System Modelling 153L.D. Danny Harvey 9.1 The complexity 153 9.2 Finding the simplicity 154 9.3 The research frontier 159 9.4 Online material 160 References 163 10 Soil and Hillslope (Eco)Hydrology 165Andrew J. Baird 10.1 Hillslope e-c-o-hydrology? 165 10.2 Tyger tyger. . . 169 10.3 Nobody loves me everybody hates me. . . 172 10.4 Memories 176 10.5 I’ll avoid you as long as I can? 178 10.6 Acknowledgements 179 References 180 11 Modelling Catchment and Fluvial Processes and their Interactions 183Mark Mulligan and John Wainwright 11.1 Introduction: connectivity in hydrology 183 11.2 The complexity 184 11.3 The simplicity 196 11.4 Concluding remarks 201 References 201 12 Modelling Plant Ecology 207Rosie A. Fisher 12.1 The complexity 207 12.2 Finding the simplicity 209 12.3 The research frontier 212 12.4 Case study 213 12.5 Conclusions 217 12.6 Acknowledgements 217 References 218 13 Spatial Population Models for Animals 221George L.W. Perry and Nick R. Bond 13.1 The complexity: introduction 221 13.2 Finding the simplicity: thoughts on modelling spatial ecological systems 222 13.3 The research frontier: marrying theory and practice 227 13.4 Case study: dispersal dynamics in stream ecosystems 228 13.5 Conclusions 230 13.6 Acknowledgements 232 References 232 14 Vegetation and Disturbance 235Stefano Mazzoleni, Francisco Rego, Francesco Giannino Christian Ernest Vincenot, Gian Boris Pezzatti and Colin Legg 14.1 The system complexity: effects of disturbance on vegetation dynamics 235 14.2 The model simplification: simulation of plant growth under grazing and after fire 237 14.3 New developments in ecological modelling 240 14.4 Interactions of fire and grazing on plant competition: field experiment and modelling applications 242 14.5 Conclusions 247 14.6 Acknowledgements 248 References 248 15 Erosion and Sediment Transport: Finding Simplicity in a Complicated Erosion Model 253Richard E. Brazier 15.1 The complexity 253 15.2 Finding the simplicity 253 15.3 WEPP – The Water Erosion Prediction Project 254 15.4 MIRSED – a Minimum Information Requirement version of WEPP 256 15.5 Data requirements 258 15.6 Observed data describing erosion rates 259 15.7 Mapping predicted erosion rates 259 15.8 Comparison with published data 262 15.9 Conclusions 264 References 264 16 Landslides Rockfalls and Sandpiles 267Stefan Hergarten References 275 17 Finding Simplicity in Complexity in Biogeochemical Modelling 277Hördur V. Haraldsson and Harald Sverdrup 17.1 Introduction to models 277 17.2 The basic classification of models 278 17.3 A ‘good’ and a ‘bad’ model 278 17.4 Dare to simplify 279 17.5 Sorting 280 17.6 The basic path 282 17.7 The process 283 17.8 Biogeochemical models 283 17.9 Conclusion 288 References 288 18 Representing Human Decision-Making in Environmental Modelling 291James D.A. Millington, John Wainwright and Mark Mulligan 18.1 Introduction 291 18.2 Scenario approaches 294 18.3 Economic modelling 297 18.4 Agent-based modelling 300 18.5 Discussion 304 References 305 19 Modelling Landscape Evolution 309Peter van der Beek 19.1 Introduction 309 19.2 Model setup and philosophy 310 19.3 Geomorphic processes and model algorithms 313 19.4 Model testing and calibration 318 19.5 Coupling of models 321 19.6 Model application: some examples 321 19.7 Conclusions and outlook 324 References 327 Part III Models for Management 333 20 Models Supporting Decision-Making and Policy Evaluation 335Mark Mulligan 20.1 The complexity: making decisions and implementing policy in the real world 335 20.2 The simplicity: state-of-the-art policy-support systems 341 20.3 Addressing the remaining barriers 345 20.4 Conclusions 347 20.5 Acknowledgements 347 References 347 21 Models in Policy Formulation and Assessment: The WadBOS Decision-Support System 349Guy Engelen 21.1 Introduction 349 21.2 Functions of WadBOS 350 21.3 Decision-support systems 351 21.4 Building the integrated model 351 21.5 The integrated WadBOS model 354 21.6 The toolbase 359 21.7 The database 359 21.8 The user-interface 360 21.9 Discussion and conclusions 362 21.10 Acknowledgments 363 References 363 22 Soil Erosion and Conservation 365Mark A. Nearing 22.1 The problem 365 22.2 The approaches 367 22.3 The contributions of modelling 369 22.4 Lessons and implications 375 22.5 Acknowledgements 376 References 376 23 Forest-Management Modelling 379Mark J. Twery and Aaron R. Weiskittel 23.1 The issue 379 23.2 The approaches 379 23.3 Components of empirical models 383 23.4 Implementation and use 386 23.5 Example model 390 23.6 Lessons and implications 390 References 391 24 Stability and Instability in the Management of Mediterranean Desertification 399John B. Thornes 24.1 Introduction 399 24.2 Basic propositions 400 24.3 Complex interactions 403 24.4 Climate gradient and climate change 408 24.5 Implications 409 24.6 Plants 410 24.7 Lessons and implications 411 References 411 25 Operational European Flood Forecasting 415Hannah Cloke, Florian Pappenberger, Jutta Thielen and Vera Thiemig 25.1 The problem: providing early flood warning at the European scale 415 25.2 Flood forecasting at the European scale: the approaches 416 25.3 The European Flood Alert System (EFAS) 422 25.4 Lessons and implications 429 References 430 26 Assessing Model Adequacy 435Michael Goldstein Allan Seheult and Ian Vernon 26.1 Introduction 435 26.2 General issues in assessing model adequacy 435 26.3 Assessing model adequacy for a fast rainfall-runoff model 438 26.4 Slow computer models 446 26.5 Acknowledgements 449 References 449 Part IV Current and Future Developments 451 27 Pointers for the Future 453John Wainwright and Mark Mulligan 27.1 What have we learned? 453 27.2 Research directions 459 27.3 Technological directions 459 27.4 Is it possible to find simplicity in complexity? 463 References 463 Index 465
£73.10
John Wiley & Sons Inc Extraction Techniques in Analytical Sciences
Book SynopsisIncreasing environmental regulations have resulted in the need for new methods of analysis for environmental samples. As an updated version to Extraction Methods for Environmental Analysis published in 1998, Extraction Techniques in Analytical Science provides the fundamentals of extraction methods in environmental organic contaminants.Trade Review"This book should prove valuable to undergraduate and graduate students who are using such extraction techniques in their research projects, especially those who wish to gain an understanding of a wide range of sample preparation and purification methods. The affordable price of this book is appealing, and its size should encourage its regular use . . . Extraction techniques in analytical sciences is a valuable book that discusses state-of-the-art extraction techniques that are employed in various laboratories, including those devoted to analytical chemistry." (Anal Bioanal Chem, 2010) "Written as a self-study guide, the book is an ideal text for undergraduate and postgraduate students, but also for newcomers in the field interested in obtaining a general but complete overview of modern extraction techniques in use for the analysis of organic compounds in complex environmental samples." (Chromatographia, 1 December 2010)Table of ContentsSeries Preface. Preface. Acknowledgements. Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols. About the Author. 1 Pre and Post-Extraction Considerations. AQUEOUS SAMPLES. 2 Classical Approaches for Aqueous Extraction. 3 Solid Phase Extraction. 4 Solid Phase Microextraction. 5 New Developments in Microextraction. SOLID SAMPLES. 6 Classical Approaches for Solid-Liquid Extraction. 7 Pressurized Fluid Extraction. 8 Microwave-Assisted Extraction. 9 Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion. 10 Supercritical Fluid Extraction. GASEOUS SAMPLES. 11 Air Sampling. COMPARISON OF EXTRACTION METHODS. 12 Comparison of Extraction Methods. RESOURCES. 13 Resources for Extraction Techniques. Responses to Self-Assessment Questions. Glossary of Terms. SI Units and Physical Constants. Periodic Table. General Index. Application Index.
£58.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Peatlands and Environmental Change
Book SynopsisConsidering peatlands as a whole ecosystem, Peatland Systems and Environmental Change provides a unique, timely look at the consequences of the functioning of peatlands to the paleoenvironmental record, carbon cycling, and conservation issues.Trade Review"...an ideal introduction to peatlands..." (Journal of Soils &Sediments, Vol.2, No.3, 2002) "...a welcome and timely addition..." (Land Degradation andDevelopment, November/December 2002) "...a comprehensive summary of peatland science...it willbroaden specialists' and students' knowledge..." (InternationalJournal of Environment Studies, Vol.60, No.2, 2003) "...certainly a book that should be on the shelves of allpeatland researchers..." (Environmental Conservation, Vol.30,No.1, 2003) ...."Overall, this is an outstanding book. Peatlands and Environmental Change is very highlyrecommended both for personal and library use, and should be on arange of reading lists...." (The Holocene,July 2003) ..."All in all this is a very good and well produced book.... and will become a widely cited reference text ..." (EarthSurface Processes & Landforms, Spetember 2003)Table of ContentsPreface and acknowledgements ix Part 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Peat and Peatlands 3 1.1 Introduction: wetlands and peatlands 3 1.2 Peat and peatland definitions and terminology 3 1.3 Scientific classification systems 5 1.4 Fens and bogs: a key concept 6 1.5 Hydromorphological peatland classification 7 1.6 Mire distribution 15 1.7 Summary 23 Chapter 2 Peat Landforms and Structure 24 2.1 Introduction: peat landforms 24 2.2 Landform development: form, process and time 24 2.3 Description of peat landforms 26 2.4 Landform survey techniques 28 2.5 Peat landform survey: an example from Scotland 32 2.6 Hydrology and peat landforms: the groundwater mound hypothesis 35 2.7 Summary 38 Part 2 Peat land Processes 39 Chapter 3 Peatland Hydrology and Ecology 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Hydrology and water balance 41 3.3 Water movement within peatlands 43 3.4 Outflows 44 3.5 Hydrochemistry 51 3.6 Chemical processes within peatlands 53 3.7 Ecology and ecohydrology 57 3.8 Limiting factors for plants and animals 57 3.9 Environmental gradients 60 3.10 Summary 72 Chapter 4 Origins and PeatInitiation 73 4.1 Introduction: time and peat growth 73 4.2 Frameworks for peat growth 73 4.3 Pathways to peal growth: terrestrialisation and paludification 74 4.4 Evidence for the origins of peatlands 74 4.5 Examples of peat initiation 80 4.6 Blanket mire initiation in the British Isles 80 4.7 Causes of paludification in other mires 84 4.8 Human impact as a cause of peat growth in other peatlands 86 4.9 Tropical peat initiation 87 4.10 Beavers and peat initiation 90 4.11 Summary 91 Chapter 5 Peat Accumulation 92 5.1 Introduction 92 5.2 Peatland cycles one peat accumulation 92 5.3 Productivity 94 5.4 Decay 100 5.5 Models of peat accumulation 104 5.6 Variability in long-term accumulation rates 110 5.7 Summary 113 Part 3 Changes in Peat lands 115 Chapter 6 The Peatland Archive Palaeoenvironmental Evidence 117 6.1 Introduction 117 6.2 The range of evidence and some general principles 117 6.3 Reasons for Palaeoenvironmental studies on peatlands 120 6.4 Measuring time peatland chronologies 121 6.5 Survey and stratigraphy 129 6.6 Biological evidence of past changes 130 6.7 Physical and chemical characteristics 137 6.8 Multi-proxy approaches 141 6.9 Summary 141 Chapter 7 Autogenic Change 143 7.1 Introduction: long-term change 143 7.2 Autogenic anti allogenic causes of change 143 7.3 Hydroseral succession 145 7.4 Reversals and other successions 149 7.5 Processes of terrestrialisation and the transition to bog peat 150 7.6 Lateral expansion and the development of peal land landscapes 153 7.7 ‘Mature’ peatlands and erosion 155 7.8 Cyclic regeneration 156 7.9 Pattern development 156 7.10 Plant-mediated changes 161 7.11 Physical processes in cold climate peatlands 164 7.12 Summary 165 Chapter 8 Allogenic Change 166 8.1 Introduction 166 8.2 Climate 166 8.3 Fire 169 8.4 Hydrological factors 173 8.5 Volcanic influences 175 8.6 Climate reconstruction from peat 176 8.7 Summary 133 Chapter 9 Peatland-Environment Feedbacks 184 9.1 Introduction 184 9.2 Catchment hydrology 184 9.3 Water quality 186 9.4 Peatlands and global climate 192 9.5 Carbon budgets and gas exchange 194 9.6 Impacts of management and climate change on carbon cycling 198 9.7 Summary 203 Part 4 Resource Management 205 Chapter 10 Values Exploitation and Human Impacts 207 10.1 Introduction: peatland values 207 10.2 Economic values mid exploitation 207 10.3 Wildlife conservation values 209 10.4 Functional values 210 10.5 Value to society 210 10.6 Conservation and ‘wise use’ of peatlands 210 10.7 Impacts of recent human disturbance: drainage as a key process 212 10.8 Peat extraction 214 10.9 Forestry 219 10.10 Agricultural reclamation 225 10.11 Effects of fragmentation 225 10.12 Pollution 227 10.13 Recreation and other disturbance 229 10.14 Long-term anthropogenic disturbance 229 10.15 Summary 230 Chapter 11 Conservation Management and Restoration 231 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 Naturalness disturbance and conservation 231 11.3 Management options for disturbed peatlands 233 11.4 Semi-natural peatlands habitat management 234 11.5 Restoration and rehabilitation 242 11.6 Restoration of cutover ombrotrophic mires 244 11.7 Restoring other damaged systems 253 11.8 The future for peatlands in the twenty-first century 255 References 258 Index 289
£80.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Chemical Concepts in Pollutant Behavior
Book SynopsisThe basic focus of Chemical Concepts in Pollutant Behavior is to demonstrate how the properties of a chemical determine its fate and distribution in the environment.Trade Review"…a valuable text that will…[readers] understand the application of chemistry in the environmental area." (Energy Sources, June 2005) "The book is well written, well referenced and the topics are logically developed." (Journal of Hazardous Materials, October 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 2. Physical Chemical Parameters. 3. Sorption. 4. Evaporation. 5. Absorption and Bioconcentration. 6. Photochemical Processes. 7. Redox Processes. 8. Hydroloysis. 9. Metabolic Transformation. 10. Synthesis. Appendix. Index.
£122.35
John Wiley & Sons Inc Environmental Organic Chemistry
Book SynopsisAs the perfect complement to the highly acclaimed Environmental Organic Chemistry, this companion volume enriches the textbook with illustrative examples, applications, practical problems, and case studies.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Vapor Pressure. Solubility and Activity Coefficient in Water. Air-Water Partitioning: The Henry's Law Constant. Organic Solvent-Water Partitioning; Bioconcentration. Diffusion. The Gas-Liquid Interface: Air-Water Exchange. Sorption: Solid-Aqueous Solution Exchange. Chemical Transformation Reactions. Photochemical Transformation Reactions. Biological Transformation Reactions. Organic Compounds in Ponds and Lakes-Case Studies. Organic Compounds in Rivers: Transport, Mixing, and Reactions. Organic Compounds in Porous Media. Bibliography. Index.
£82.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Design and Operation of Civil and Environmental
Book SynopsisThe tools of operations research (OR)--optimization, simulation, game theory, and others--are increasingly applied to the entire range of problems encountered by civil and environmental engineers. In this groundbreaking text/reference, the world''s leading experts describe sophisticated OR opplications across the spectrum of environmental and civil engineering specialties, addressing problems encountered in both operation and design.Table of ContentsWater Resources: Surface Water Systems (C. ReVelle). Water Quality Management (A. McGarity). Groundwater Systems (W. Yeh & Y.-H. Sun). Air Quality Management (J. Ellis). Solid Waste Management (J. Liebman). Hazardous Waste Management (M. Turnquist & L. Nozick). Urban Transportation (D. Boyce & M. Daskin). Planning Models for Freight Transportation (T. Crainic & G. Laporte). Public Transport Operations Planning (A. Ceder & N. Wilson). Airlines Operations Research (C. Barnhart & K. Talluri). Environmental Planning for Electric Utilities (B. Hobbs). Multiobjective Methods (J. Cohon & K. Rothley). Cost Allocation in Water Resources (J. Heaney). Siting Regional Environmental Facilities (E. Whitlatch). Effluent Charges and Transferable Discharge Permits (E. Brill). Applications of Optimization Techniques to Structural Design (T. Jacobs). Index.
£158.35
John Wiley & Sons Inc Ecology of North America
Book SynopsisFrom windswept tundra to humid subtropical everglades, from gracious coniferous forests to austere deserts, North America is blessed with an incredibly diverse array of natural environments, each supporting a unique system of plant and animal life.Table of ContentsTundra. Boreal Forest. Eastern Deciduous Forest. Grasslands: Plains and Prairies. Other Grasslands and Related Areas. Deserts. Chaparral and Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands. Montane Forests. Temperate Rain Forest. A Selection of Special Environments. Appendix. Glossary. Index.
£171.86
John Wiley & Sons Inc Fire Effects on Ecosystems
Book SynopsisA comprehensive exploration of the effects of fires--in forests and other environments--on soils, watersheds, vegetation, air and cultural resources.Table of ContentsFIRE DYNAMICS. Combustion Processes and Heat Transfer. Fuels and Fire Behavior. SOIL REPONSES. Soil Resource. Physical Soil System. Chemical Soil System. Biological Soil System. RESPONSES OF OTHER RESOURCES. Water. Vegetation. Wetlands and Riparian Ecosystems. Air. Cultural Resources. MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS. Economic Considerations. Fire in Ecosystem Management. Index.
£239.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Air Toxic Risk Assessment and Management
Book SynopsisThe practice of performing and managing regulatory air toxic risk assessments requires an exceptionally broadbase of understanding. The information and hands-on skills needed to evaluate the effects of air toxic emissions on human health derive from a broad range of disciplines: engineering, the physical and biological sciences, probability, statistics, and medicine. Dr. Lawrence Gratt''s Air Toxic Risk Assessment and Management provides a comprehensive study of the subject of risk assessment, showing how the various disciplines are integrated to carry out this complex process. No other resource combines the basic science underlying risk assessment with the techniques needed to perform the analyses.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Risk Assessment. Health Risk Formulation. Source Terms--Emission of Air Toxics. Atmospheric Dispersion. Exposure. Dose-Response, Epidemiology, and Pharmacokinetics. Risk Estimation and Measures. Risk: Issues, Perceptions, and Communication. Risk Management and Air Toxic Controls. Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment. Appendices. Answers to Selected Exercises. Index.
£124.15
John Wiley & Sons Inc Air Pollution and Community Health
Book SynopsisAir Pollution and Community Health A Critical Review and Data Sourcebook Frederick W. Lipfert Air pollution has affected community health since the advent of the industrial age and arguably since the discovery of fire. While organized societies have taken important steps to reduce and control emissions, the quality of the air we breathe today remains a critical concern. Air Pollution and Community Health transforms the major epidemiological works of the past 40 years into a coherent picture of the effects of air pollution on respiration, hospitalization, and mortality. The book re-evaluates these studies to clarify their findings within a consistent analytical framework and to define statistical relationships between various measures of community health and air quality. Lipfert emphasizes observational studies and the quality of the data used. The book is organized by health endpoint rather than by pollutant, beginning with the major air pollution disasters that helped galvanize the enTable of ContentsPurpose and Scope. A Primer on Air Pollution, Past and Present. Methodological and Statistical Considerations. A Primer on Physiological Effects of Air Pollution and Measurementof Respiratory Function. MORTALITY STUDIES. The Air Pollution Disasters. Time-Series Studies of Mortality. Cross-Sectional Studies of Long-Term Effects on Mortality. Long-Term Temporal Studies of Mortality. STUDIES OF SELECTED MORBIDITY EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION. Temporal Studies of Air Pollution and Hospital Use. Cross-Sectional Studies of Hospital Use/Summary of HospitalizationStudies. Air Pollution Effects on Lung Function. SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS. Respiratory Function as a Predictor of Mortality. Summary, Conclusions, and Implications. Index.
£148.45
John Wiley & Sons Inc Aquatic Chemical Kinetics
Book SynopsisAquatic Chemistry An Introduction Emphasizing Chemical Equilibria in Natural Waters Second Edition Edited by Werner Stumm and James J. Morgan This second edition of the renowned classic unites concepts, applications, and techniques with the growing amounts of data in the field. Expanded treatment is offered on steady-state and dynamic models employing mass-balance approaches and kinetic information. New chapters address such topics as: environmental aspects of aquatic chemistry; new material on organic compounds in natural water systems; the use of stable and radioactive isotopes in chemical and physical processes; the latest advances in marine chemistry; solid-solution interface; kinetic considerations of equilibria; metal-ligand interactions; and an expanded compilation of thermodynamic data for important reactions in natural water systems. 1981 (0 471-04831-3) Cloth 780 pp. (0 471-09173-1) Paper Chemical Processes in Lakes Edited by Werner Stumm This is a multidisciplinary analysis Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Kinetics of Chemical Transformation (A. Stone & J.Morgan). Catalysis in Aquatic Environments (M. Hoffmann). The Kinetics of Trace Metal Complexation: Implications for MetalReactivity in Natural Waters (J. Hering & F. Morel). Chemical Transformations of Organic Pollutants in the AquaticEnvironment (R. Schwarzenbach & P. Gschwend). Ab-Initio Quantum-Mechanical Calculations of Surface Reactions--ANew Era? (A. Lasaga & G. Gibbs). Redox Reactions of Metal Ions at Mineral Surfaces (B.Wehrli). Modeling of the Dissolution of Strained and Unstrained MultipleOxides: The Surface Speciation Approach (J. Schott). Dissolution of Oxide Minerals: Rates Depend on Surface Speciation(W. Stumm & E. Wieland). Photoredox Reactions at Hydrous Metal Oxide Surfaces: A SurfaceCoordination Chemistry Approach (B. Sulzberger). Rate and Mechanism of Dissolution of Carbonates in the SystemCaCo3-MgCO3 (R. Wollast). Kinetics of Colloid Chemical Processes in Aquatic Systems (C.O'Melia). Kinetics of Chemical Weathering: A Comparison of Laboratory andField Weathering Rates (J. Schnoor). Transport and Kinetics in Surficial Processes (A. Lerman). Index.
£254.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Commercial Biosensors
Book SynopsisCommercial Biosensors offers professionals an in-depth look at some of the most significant applications of commercially available biosensor-based instrumentation in the medical, bioprocess, and environmental fields. Featuring contributions by an international team of scientists, the book provides readers with an unparalleled opportunity to see how their colleagues around the world are using these powerful new tools. Commercial Biosensors is divided into three sections. In the first, which is devoted to applications of biosensors to clinical samples, the authors explore how biosensors are currently being used for in-home diabetes monitoring, point-of-care diagnostics, and noninvasive sensing, and biomedical research. The second section deals with cutting-edge applications of biosensors in bioprocess control- for example, measuring glucose, sucrose, glutamate, or choline concentrations during food and beverage production and measuring ethanol concentration during beer fermentatTable of ContentsAPPLICATIONS TO CLINICAL SAMPLES. Biosensors for Personal Diabetes Management (T. Henning & D. Cunningham). Microfabricated Sensors and the Commercial Development of the i-Stat Point-of-Care System (G. Davis). Noninvasive Biosensors in Clinical Analysis (G. Palleschi, et al.). Surface Plasmon Resonance (R. Earp & R. Dessy). Biosensors Based on Evanescent Waves (D. Purvis, et al.). APPLICATIONS TO BIOPROCESS SAMPLES. Applications of Biosensor-Based Instruments to the Bioprocess Industry (J. Woodward & R. Spokane). APPLICATIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES. Application of Biosensors to Environmental Samples (K. Riedel). Index.
£147.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Ionic Equilibrium
Book SynopsisA celebrated classic in the field updated and expanded to includethe latest computerized calculation techniques In 1964, James N. Butler published a book in which he presentedsome simple graphical methods of performing acid-base, solubility,and complex formation equilibrium calculations. Today, both thebook and these methods have become standard for generations ofstudents and professionals in fields ranging from environmentalscience to analytical chemistry. Named a Citation Classic by theScience Citation Index in 1990, the book, Ionic Equilibrium,continues to be one of the most widely used texts on the subject.So why tamper with near-perfection by attempting a revision of thatclassic? The reason is simple-- the recent rapid development andwide availability of personal computers. In the revised Ionic Equilibrium, Dr. Butler updates his 1964 workby abandoning the slide rule and graph paper for the PCspreadsheet. He also expands the original coverage with extensivemateriTrade Review"This is by far the best textbook on chemical equilibrium I know. It is an absolute must for everybody using electrolyte solutions in his research..."(Jnl of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol 5, 2001)Table of ContentsBasic Principles. Activity Coefficients and pH. Strong Acids and Bases. Monoprotic Acids and Bases. Polyprotic Acids and Bases. Solubility. Complex Formation. Organic Complexes. Oxidation--Reduction Equilibria. Carbon Dioxide. pH in Brines. Automated Computation Methods (by David R. Cogley). Index.
£159.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Environmental Microbiology
Book SynopsisThis volume offers an examination of the role of microbiological processes related to environmental deterioration. Emphasizing new approaches, the book investigates the complex microbial processes involved in contamination and the methods of pollution control.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Bacteria in the Greenhouse: Modeling the Role of Oceanic Planktonin the Global Carbon Cycle (H. Ducklow & M. Fasham). Effect of Acid Rain on Soil Microbial Processes (D. Myroid & G.Nason). Transport of Pathogens Through Soils and Aquifers (G. Bitton &R. Harvey). Control of Enteric Pathogens in Developing Countries (S.Cairncross). Molecular Approaches to Environmental Management (B. Olson &Y.-L. Tsai). Bioremediation of Organic Contaminants in the Subsurface (E.Bouwer). Microbial Control of Plant Diseases (A. Sivan & I. Chet). Microbial Desulfurization of Coal (P. Bos, et al.). Index.
£170.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Methyl Bromide Issue
Book SynopsisWritten by international experts in the field, this book sets out the scientific arguments for and against the use of methyl bromide which is both naturally occurring and also a man-made product believed to have played a significant role in the depletion of the ozone layer.Trade Review"The four chapters covering the chemistry and mammalian toxicology of the compound, its effects on target organisms, uses in storage practice, uses in storage practice, and alternative method sof preventing infestation and spoilage are written by scientists with established reputations in the fields of fumigation and food storage practice from this institution. What makes the book particularly useful is the juxtaposition of these chapters with contributions from leading experts in atmospheric ozone depletion and environmental analysis (in both the chemical and political sense)." Pesticide ScienceTable of ContentsMethyl Bromide in Perspective (N. Price). Methyl Bromide in the Atmosphere (J. Butler & J.Rodriguez). Methyl Bromide and the Environment (M. Miller). Effects on Target Organisms (O. Macdonald & C.Reichmuth). Methyl Bromide as a Soil Fumigant (L. Klein). Methyl Bromide in Storage Practice and Quarantine (B.Chakrabarti). Alternatives--Chemicals (P. Annis & C. Waterford). Alternatives--Physical Methods and Emission Reduction (C.Bell). Indexes.
£190.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Climate Change Developing Southern Hemisphere
Book SynopsisThis book explores the rights and aspirations of the developing world, the need to balance ecology and economics, and the potential impact of policy on climate change, with a focus on the Southern Hemisphere. A thorough reference source valuable to readers in a variety of disciplines.Trade Review"...worthy of being on your bookshelf..." --Climatic Change, Vol 45, 2000Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: GLOBAL CHANGE PLURALITIES. North-South: Where Is the Divide? (R. Graetz & M. Wilson). Bridging the Climate Gaps (A. Henderson-Sellers). HEMISPHERE CLIMATE: GLOBAL MODELS. Coupled Climate Systems Modelling (K. Trenberth). Southern Hemisphere Climate: Comparing Models with Reality (P.Whetton, et al.). Modelling Climatic Variability (N. Nicholls). Palaeoclimatic Modelling: A Western Pacific Perspective (J.Chappell & J. Syktus). CLIMATE CHANGE: ECOLOGICAL AND HUMAN DIMENSIONS. Global Change and Terrestrial Biosphere: The Present and FutureFocus (R. Graetz). Human and Physical Aspects of Tropical Deforestation (A.Henderson-Sellers, et al.). Contextualizing the Effects of Climate Change in Pacific IslandCountries (J. Campbell). POLICY PERSPECTIVES. Climate Science and Politics: The Road to Rio and Beyond (R.Taplin). From Rio to Berlin: Managing Climate Change (D. Victor & J.Salt). The Natural Debt: North and South (K. Smith). Index.
£341.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc English Spanish Spanish English Dictionary of
Book SynopsisThis is a concise dictionary of English/Spanish and Spanish/English equivalents and associated words and expressions, covering a wide range of subject specialisms in environmental science and engineering.Table of ContentsNot Obtainable.
£77.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Modern Methods for Trace Element Determination
Book SynopsisMethods in trace element determination have undergone a renaissance over the past few years. This work brings the reader up to date in not only the theory of the methods, but also the apparatus and preparation of samples.Table of ContentsSample Preparation. Methodology in Trace Element Determination. Spectrochemical Measurements. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry. Comparison of Atomic Spectrometric Analytical Techniques. Mass Spectrometry. X-Ray Methods. Activation Analysis. Metal Speciation. Index.
£154.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Environmental Geology Geology and the Human
Book SynopsisThis volume aims to provide an introduction to the subject of environmental geology. Urban environment is emphasized as the book aims to focus on the relevance of environmental geology to modern society.Table of ContentsEnvironmental Geology: Definition, Scope and Tools. The Geology of Resource Management. Economic Mineral Resources. Construction Resources: Geomaterials. Water Resources. Aesthetic and Scientific Geological Resources. Engineering Geology. Engineering Geology in Extreme Environments. Waste and Pollution Management. The Geology of Natural Hazards. Exogenic Hazards. Endogenic Hazards. Environmental Geology: An Urban Concept. Index.
£75.56
University of California Press Serendipity
Book SynopsisTo newly minted biologist James Estes, the sea otters he was studying in the leafy kelp forests off the coast of Alaska appeared to have an unbalanced relationship with their greater environment. But as Estes dug deeper, he discovered that otters play a critical role in driving positive ecosystem dynamics. This book tells his story.Trade Review"Many of the findings in the book ... are classics of ecology... A rare and delightful insight into timely science." -- Jane Lubchenco Nature "Estes's refreshing narrative deftly weaves rigorous science with personal reflection to create an absorbing and introspective read that is equal parts memoir, ecological textbook, and motivational guidebook for young ecologists." Science "This top-down picture - with predators influencing the health of plants - is depicted in enthralling detail." The Guardian "Noteworthy... Summing up: Recommended." CHOICETable of ContentsContents Foreword Maps 1 • In the Beginning 2 • Understanding Nature 3 • Th e Aleutian Archipelago 4 • Sea Otters and Kelp Forests 5 • A Toe in the Arctic Ocean 6 • Return to Attu 7 • Generality and Variation 8 • A Serpentine Food Web 9 • Sea Otters and the Red Queen: Plant–Herbivore Coevolution 10 • Sea Otters and Killer Whales 11 • Megafaunal Collapse 12 • Whale Wars 13 • Foxes and Seabirds 14 • A Global Perspective 15 • Retrospection 16 • Looking to the Future Acknowledgments Glossary Bibliography Index
£22.50
University of California Press Green Criminology
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments 1. Introduction: Green Criminology and Political Economy 2. The State of Green Criminology 3. Pollution Crimes 4. Withdrawal Crimes 5. Crimes of Ecological Additions and Illness 6. Crimes of Overproduction and Overconsumption 7. Toxic Towns and Studies of Ecologically Devastated Communities 8. Wildlife Trafficking, Smuggling, and Poaching 9. Environmental Justice and Green Criminology 10. The Treadmill of Environmental Law 11. Environmental Social Movements and Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations 12. Connecting the Dots: Explaining Green Crimes References Index
£42.50
University of California Press Mountain Water Rock God
Book SynopsisA free ebook version of this title is available throughLuminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visitwww.luminosoa.orgto learn more. In Mountain, Water, Rock, God, Luke Whitmore situates the disastrous flooding that fell on the Hindu Himalayan shrine of Kedarnath in 2013 within a broader religious and ecological context. Whitmore explores the longer story of this powerful realm of the Hindu god Shiva through a holistic theoretical perspective that integrates phenomenological and systems-based approaches to the study of religion, pilgrimage, place, and ecology. He argues that close attention to places of religious significance offers a model for thinking through connections between ritual, narrative, climate destabilization, tourism, development, and disaster, and he shows how these critical components of human life in the twenty-first century intersect in the human experience of place.Trade Review"This book is a very impressive contribution to the growing scholarship on the relationship between human society and nature, not only in the context of the Himalayan region and Indian society, but also more globally." * Journal of Contemporary Religion *"Whitmore’s analysis gives readers a nuanced and informed perspective on the pilgrimage to Kedarnath. . . . highly recommended for upper-level undergraduate and graduate-level courses in religious studies, sociology of religion, eco-politics, nature and the sacred, sustainability issues, and sacred pilgrimage." * Nova Religio *"We are indebted to Whitmore for providing a glimpse of [Kedarnath]." * Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture *"Whitmore is the only scholar to have studied Kedarnath in such depth, and this book makes an indispensable contribution to the study of Hinduism. . . . Whitmore resists the temptation to sensationalize what defies description, providing instead a serious, sobering, and holistic analysis of the power attributed to this great Himalayan shrine." * International Journal of Hindu Studies *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Note on Transliteration Introduction: In the Direction of Kedar 1. In Pursuit of Shiva 2. Lord of Kedar 3. Earlier Times 4. The Season 5. When the Floods Came 6. Nature’s Tandava Dance 7. Topographies of ReinventionGlossary Notes Bibliography Index
£27.00
University of California Press Destination Anthropocene
Book SynopsisDestination Anthropocenedocuments the emergence of new travel imaginaries forged at the intersection of the natural sciences and the tourism industry in a Caribbean archipelago.Known to travelers as aparadise of sun, sand, and sea, The Bahamas is rebranding itself in response to the rising threat of global environmental change, including climate change. In her imaginative new book, Amelia Moore explores anexperimentalform oftourism developed in the name of sustainability, one that is slowly changing the way both tourists and Bahamians come to know themselves and relate to island worlds.Trade Review"Moore digs deep into the trenches of ethnographic detail to demonstrate the entangled ways that science and tourism commingle in the 'significant spaces' of small islands as critical spaces." * Current Anthropology *"The book is a stellar effort to denaturalize both the Anthropocene and anthropogenesis and expose instead the global, classed interests that are served by such naturalizations. Researchers, students and policy makers interested in climate justice would particularly benefit from engaging with this work." * Anthropology Book Forum *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Introduction: The Anthropocene Islands 1 Building Biocomplexity 2 The Educational Islands 3 Sea of Green 4 Aquatic Invaders in the Anthropocene 5 Down the Blue Hole Conclusion: Anthropocene Anthropology Notes References Index
£22.50
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Handbook of Green Chemistry and Technology
Book SynopsisThe chemical industry is successful but traditionally success has come at a heavy cost to the environment. The challenge for chemists and others is to develop products, processes and services that achieve societal, economic and environmental benefits. This title brings together reviews on the important aspects of green chemistry and technology.Trade Review'The editors, who are also the editors of Green Chemistry Journal have done an outstanding job in getting a group of distinguished authors to contribute to this excellent text.' Trevor Laird, Organic Process R & DTable of Contents1 Introduction. 2 Incentives for Using Green Chemistry and the Presentation of An Approach for Green Chemical Design. 3 Green Product Design. 4 Application of Green Metrics Analysis to Chemical Reactions and Synthesis Plans. 5 Mass balances and life cycle assessment. 6 Process metrics. 7 Application of life cycle assessment in process development. 8 Tools and Strategies for Greening Chemical Inventories in Small Businesses
£276.26
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Chemical Speciation Environment 2e
Book SynopsisConsiderable recent research has focused on the topic of chemical speciation in the environment. It is increasingly realised that the distribution, mobility and biological availability of chemical elements depend not simply on their concentrations but, critically, on the forms in which they occur in natural systems. Continuing developments in analytical chemistry have made speciation practicable even where analytes are present at trace levels (as is often the case in natural samples). In the second edition of this book, the expertise of scientists involved in chemical speciation in various fields have been brought together to provide an overview of the current status of speciation science and indicate how the field may develop in the future.Trade Review"...this book is highly recommended for a broader scientific readership. It should not only find its place on the bookshelf of analytical chemists and 'speciation researchers' but can also serve as an excellent source of information for environmental scientists outside the specialised community." - Journal of Environmental MonitoringTable of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. 1. Introduction (A.M. Ure and C.M. Davidson). PART I: TECHNIQUES FOR SPECIATION. 2. General Strategies for Speciation (Late W.F. Pickering). 3. Direct Methods of Metal Speciation (B.A. Goodman and S.M. Glidewell). 4. Hybrid Methods of Speciation (G.M. Greenway). 5. Predicting Chemical Speciation and Computer Simulation (D.G. Lumsdon and L.J. Evans). 6. Quality Control in Speciation Studies for Environmental Monitoring (ph. Quevauviller). PART II: Speciation in Compartments of the Environment. 7. Speciation of Metals in the Atmosphere (L.J. Spokes and T.D. Jickells). 8. Speciation in Freshwaters (M. Filella, R.M. Town and J. Buffle). 9. Speciation in Soils (G.S.P. Ritchie and G. Sposito). 10. Chemical Speciation in Soils and Related Materials by Selective Chemical Extraction (A.M. Ure and C.M. Davidson). 11. Speciation of Trace Metals in Sediments (M. Kersten). 12. Speciation in Seawater (R.H. Byrne). 13. Speciation of Radionuclides (B.R. Harvey and K.S. Leonard). 14. Speciation of Metals and Metalloids in Biological Systems (P.H.E. Gardiner). 15. Trends and Developments (R.R. Barefoot). Index.
£255.56
Harvard University Press Particles in Our Air
Book SynopsisGenerated by the use of fossil energy, respirable-sized particles pose a major threat to our environment and health. In this book the hypothesis that fossil fuels are the primary culprit is examined in detail, including the nature, generation, and transport of particulate air pollution.Trade ReviewThis edited volume on the health effects of air contaminants reflects the combined wisdom of twelve prominent academics...For those involved in air quality research or management, or for those teaching air quality measurement in the classroom, this is an essential book...It is a good high-level textbook, inexpensive and well-presented. -- Dona Schneider * The Environmentalist [UK] *Provides the best scientific attempt to estimate the level of fine particle exposure indoors, based on their outdoor concentration. However, these authors agree that fixed monitoring stations are poor surrogates for exposure to people...[Particles in Our Air] must be considered one of the clearest descriptions of scientific aspects of particles in air. Although the authors represent a specific scientific point of view, they are clearly leaders in their respective fields. This book is highly recommended. -- A. Alan Moghissi, Editor-in-Chief * Environment International *By controlling emissions and by dispensing pollutants, we have reduced their concentration. However, expanding population and energy demands have ensured that air pollution remains one of the most important environmental challenges faced by mankind. Drs. Spengler and Wilson have performed a unique service by bringing together in a most coherent way the thoughts of the most prominent researchers in this field. It gives context to today's concerns as we worry about "how far to go?" for particulate matter, ozone, SOx, NOx, VOCs and more. It's a must read not only for practitioners, regulators, the regulated and legislators, but for "students" of all inclinations who want to learn more about this fascinating field. -- The Honorable Don Ritter, Chairman, National Environmental Policy Institute, Former CongressmanLong before the publication of this invaluable volume, Richard Wilson and John Spengler were among the leaders in drawing constructive worldwide attention to the health effects of minute airborne particles. This volume confirms my earlier view that we have no better teachers on this crucial issue. They have produced a timely, compelling and lucid treatment of a public-health challenge that urgently merits everyone's attention. -- Ralph Cavanagh, Energy Program Director for the Natural Resources, Defense Council, and Visiting Professor, Stanford Law SchoolWritten by the leading scholars, this book is a masterful summary of the scientific literature on the health effects of air pollution. It explores what is known, what is controversial, and the scientific basis for the health effects, including lessons from animal and clinical studies. The book begins and ends with the public policy issues, building the case for more stringent control of air pollutants. -- Professor Lester Lave, Carnegie Mellon UniversityParticles in Our Air provides a timely and authoritative discussion of what is potentially the most serious pollution problem confronting us at the close of the twentieth century. The book discusses in detail the types, source, characterization, and measurement of airborne particles, the evidence linking such particles to the causation of various diseases, and the implications of data suggesting that existing concentrations of the particles may cause up to 60,000 deaths per year in the U.S. In view of the growing national and international concern about the impacts of airborne particles on human health, this volume should be of interest to a wide readership and should constitute an invaluable source book for health professionals, environmentalists, and others working in the field. -- Dr. Arthur C. Upton, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Center, Formerly Director, National Cancer Institute
£16.16
Princeton University Press Life in Ancient Ice
Book SynopsisPresents an unparalled overview of current research into microbial life in ancient glacial ice and permafrost. Concludes by reviewing key discoveries and outlining important areas for further research.Trade Review"This book ... reports the unexpected finding that all the ice realms, polar, glacial, and permafrost, are part of the biosphere... As the new field of study of life in extreme conditions continues to expand, this book will be a constant reference. Someday it will be seen to have been seminal."--Jack Harris, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research "The arrival of this volume is very timely and helpful. It is clear from its materials that Russian scientists have made and are making a significant contribution to life exploration in ancient ice. Until now, their works had seldom appeared in English-language editions. This is one of the reasons why overseas specialists were generally weakly acquainted with the works by our researchers. This gap has now been bridged."--V.A. Melnik, MicrobiologyTable of ContentsList of Figures ix List of Tables xiii Contributors xv Acknowledgments xix CHAPTER 1: Introduction by John D. Castello and Scott O. Rogers 1 CHAPTER 2: Recommendations for Elimination of Contaminants and Authentication of Isolates in Ancient Ice Cores by Scott O. Rogers, Li-Jun Ma, Yinghao Zhao, Vincent Theraisnathan, Seung-Geuk Shin, Gang Zhang, Catherine M. Catranis, William T. Starmer, and John D. Castello 5 CHAPTER 3: Perennial Antarctic Lake Ice: A Refuge for Cyanobacteria in an Extreme Environment by John C. Priscu, Edward E. Adams, Hans W. Paerl, Christian H. Fritsen, John E. Dore, John T. Lisle, Craig F. Wolf, and Jill A. Mikucki 22 CHAPTER 4: The Growth of Prokaryotes in Antarctic Sea Ice: Implications for Ancient Ice Communities by David S. Nichols 50 CHAPTER 5: Frozen in Time: The Diatom Record in Ice Cores from Remote Drilling Sites on the Antarctic Ice Sheets by Davida E. Kellogg and Thomas B. Kellogg 69 CHAPTER 6: The Nature and Likely Sources of Biogenic Particles Found in Ancient Ice from Antarctica by Raymond Sambrotto and Lloyd Burckle 94 CHAPTER 7: Microbial Life below the Freezing Point within Permafrost by Elizaveta Rivkina, Kayastas Laurinavichyus, and David A. Gilichinsky 106 CHAPTER 8: Yeasts Isolated from Ancient Permafrost 118 by Rushaniya N. Faizutdinova, Nataliya E. Suzina, Vitalyi I. Duda, Lada E. Petrovskaya, and David A. Gilichinsky 118 CHAPTER 9: Fungi in Ancient Permafrost Sediments of the Arctic and Antarctic Regions by Nataliya E. Ivanushkina, Galina A. Kochkina, and Svetlana M. Ozerskaya 127 CHAPTER 10: Viable Phototrophs: Cyanobacteria and Green Algae from the Permafrost Darkness by Tatiana A. Vishnivetskaya, Ludmila G. Erokhina, Elena V. Spirina, Anastasia V. Shatilovich, Elena A. Vorobyova, Alexander I. Tsapin, and David A. Gilichinsky 140 CHAPTER 11: The Significance and Implications of the Discovery of Filamentous Fungi in Glacial Ice by Li-Jun Ma, Catherine M. Catranis, William T. Starmer, and Scott O. Rogers 159 CHAPTER 12: Yeasts in the Genus Rhodotorula Recovered from the Greenland Ice Sheet by William T. Starmer, Jack W. Fell, Catherine M. Catranis, Virginia Aberdeen, Li-Jun Ma, Shuang Zhou, and Scott O. Rogers 181 CHAPTER 13: Plant and Bacterial Viruses in the Greenland Ice Sheet by John D. Castello, Scott O. Rogers, James E. Smith, William T. Starmer, and Yinghao Zhao 196 CHAPTER 14: Viral Pathogens of Humans Likely to Be Preserved in Natural Ice by Dany Shoham 208 CHAPTER 15: Classification of Bacteria from Polar and Nonpolar Glacial Ice by Brent C. Christner, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, Lonnie G. Thompson, and John N. Reeve 227 CHAPTER 16: Common Features of Microorganisms in Ancient Layers of the Antarctic Ice Sheet by S.S. Abyzov, M.N. Poglazova, J.N. Mitskevich, and M.V. Ivanov 240 CHAPTER 17: Comparative Biological Analyses of Accretion Ice from Subglacial Lake Vostok by Robin Bell, Michael Studinger, Anahita Tikku, and John D. Castello 251 CHAPTER 18: Search for Microbes and Biogenic Compounds in Polar Ice Using Fluorescence by Ryan Bay, Nathan Bramall, and P. Buford Price 268 CHAPTER 19: Living Cells in Permafrost as Models for Astrobiology Research by Elena A. Vorobyova, V.S. Soina, A.G. Mamukelashvili, A. Bolshakova, I.V. Yaminsky, and A.L. Mulyukin 277 CHAPTER 20: A Synopsis of the Past, an Evaluation of the Current, and a Glance toward the Future by John D. Castello and Scott O. Rogers 289 Index 301
£999.99
Princeton University Press Atmosphere Clouds and Climate
Book SynopsisThe atmosphere is critical to climate change. It can amplify shifts in the climate system, and also mitigate them. This primer offers a short, reader-friendly introduction to these atmospheric processes and how they work. It looks at how our climate system receives energy from the sun and sheds it by emitting infrared radiation back into space.Trade Review"Readers ready for a book-length treatment of [the role of clouds in climate] may find the right level of detail in Atmosphere, Clouds, and Climate, a new book by Dr. Randall."--Justin Gillis, NYTimes.com's Green blog "In four chapters and a mere 139 pages, Randall provides readers with an impressively thorough conceptual understanding of the atmosphere's central role in climate... His passion consistently shines through."--Spencer Hill, Science "This book, part of the Princeton Primers in Climate series, is a very lucid and enjoyable introduction to weather and climate. Randall provides basic technical details, usually in the appendixes, but he devotes considerable effort to making the nine-chapter text accessible to a wide audience by including intuitive explanations for the concepts presented... Suitable for academic students and interested professionals who wish to have a basic understanding of the atmosphere."--Choice "[T]his primer does exactly what it sets out to do--provide a concise but rigorous introduction to a complex subject that affects us all on all scales."--John Brittan, Leading EdgeTable of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1: Basics 1 Chapter 2: Radiative Energy Flows 27 Chapter 3: How Turbulence and Cumulus Clouds Carry Energy Upward 55 Appendix to Chapter 3: More about Eddy Fluxes 96 Chapter 4: How Energy Travels from the Tropics to the Poles 103 Appendix to Chapter 4: Conservation of Momentum on a Rotating Sphere 134 Chapter 5: Feedbacks 140 Chapter 6: The Water Planet 160 Chapter 7: Predictability of Weather and Climate 183 Chapter 8: Air, Sea, Land 206 Chapter 9: Frontiers 227 Notes 233 Glossary 239 Suggestions for Further Reading 247 Bibliography 253 Index 261
£28.80
Princeton University Press An Introduction to the Global Circulation of the
Book SynopsisThis is a graduate-level textbook on the global circulation of the Earth's atmosphere--the large-scale system of winds by which energy is transported around the planet, from the tropical latitudes to the poles. Written by David Randall, one of the world's foremost experts on the subject, it is the most comprehensive textbook on the topic. IntendedTrade Review"The book is well organized, progresses logically, and includes a basic analytical analysis for observed conditions whenever possible. Particularly valuable are the lucid physical explanations of the implications of the mathematical relations."--ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface vii Handy Numbers ix Chapter 1 Perpetual Motion 1 Chapter 2 What Makes It Go? 12 Chapter 3 First Impressions 33 Chapter 4 The Rules of the Game 67 Chapter 5 Go with the Flow 106 Chapter 6 Up Moist, Down Dry 145 Chapter 7 Heat Where It's Hot, and Cool Where It's Cold 182 Chapter 8 A Taxonomy of Eddies 211 Chapter 9 What the Eddies Do 280 Chapter 10 A Fluid Dynamical Commotion 310 Chapter 11 The Future of the Circulation 352 Appendix A Vectors, Vector Calculus, and Coordinate Systems 357 Appendix B Dimensional Analysis, Scale Analysis, and Similarity Theories 365 Appendix C Why Is the Dissipation Rate Positive? 375 Appendix D Vertical Coordinate Transformations 378 Appendix E The Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate 380 Appendix F Eddy Kinetic Energy and Zonal Kinetic Energy 383 Appendix G Spherical Harmonics 389 Appendix H Hermite Polynomials 396 Bibliography 399 Index 437
£73.60
