Environmental management Books

Book SynopsisThis book provides a timely analysis of the role that informationparticularly scientific informationplays in the policy-making and decision-making processes in coastal and ocean management. It includes contributions from global experts in marine environmental science, marine policy, fisheries, public policy and administration, resource management, risk management, and information management.The book is divided into four sections that provide focused analyses, including An overview of the characteristics of the sciencepolicy interface, including a discussion of the role of scientific information in policy making and an argument that the term sciencepolicy interface is inaccurate due to the existence of many possible interfaces Descriptions of fundamental concepts and principles for understanding the role of information in effective integrated coastal and ocean management National and international case studies that illustrate key factors in successfuTrade Review"This volume will be of great use to the growing numbers of ocean practitioners from all sectors, dedicated to improving the health and sustainability of our oceans, for generations to come."—Michael H. Depledge, University of Exeter Medical School, from the Foreword "Although there is international acceptance of the need for integrated coastal and ocean management (ICOM), this book demonstrates that increased scientific understanding of these environments does not necessarily lead to better policy making. This book is unique in that it examines the diversity of actors and factors bridging the science–policy interface, such as the inclusion of both gray and primary literature, different forms of knowledge, information brokers, boundary organizations, different levels of decision makers, governance structures, and politics."—Nick Harvey, University of Adelaide "Global coastal systems are among the dynamic and complex environments humans engage. This volume takes on a rare and broad-ranging view of how science and information can be used to more effectively and sustainably manage these essential places. It is a welcome contribution to the literature during a period of great social vulnerability to global environmental change. The authors lucidly articulate contextual and conceptual frameworks to better understand the science–policy interface in the early pages of the book. Then, to expand and solidify the value of the book, they build a series of case-based analyses for clarity of argument. This volume is of great value to those working at the science–policy interface generally and the coastal systems change in particular."—Robert E. Bowen, University of Massachusetts "This book will be useful to all major groups in the policy-making process, including senior policy makers and decision makers, policy advisors, resource managers, information managers, scientists and other practitioners in coastal and ocean management. The authors have wisely dedicated this book to the new generation of professionals involved in the challenging task of managing our coastal and ocean spaces for future generations. It adds substantially to the growing body of research literature on the science–policy interface and I recommend this important volume to the new generation of ‘information brokers’ who occupy the space between science and policy and build bridges of communication and understanding."—Lawrence Hildebrand, World Maritime University "This book is a must-read for both practitioners and scholars of science–policy interaction in ocean politics, and will also be a useful reference point beyond this domain for the entire field of global environmental governance."—Frank Biermann, Utrecht University and Earth System Governance Project "This book addresses how to communicate scientific information to policy makers so that it can be used most effectively in decision making and ultimately to improve the sustainability of human activities in the ocean. The theme, Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management (ICOM), encapsulates the broader systems-based approach that is required to solve the complex problems faced in the oceans today that derive from multiple stressors and may involve many sectors. As a scientist who has often worked on the interface of knowledge and policy I found I recognized many of the themes picked up in this book. It is a tremendously valuable contribution to advancing sustainable management and conservation of the ocean and will be of use to marine scientists, students who have an interest in applying their work and knowledge to real problems, and to the governance and NGO community, whether they wish to make better use of science in policy development or whether they want to get others to make use of such information."—Alex David Rogers, University of Oxford "Is the book worth reading? I certainly think so. The case studies are interesting and illustrate theoretical concepts put forward in the book quite well. Researchers looking for inspiration will find this book invaluable. The book will be equally interesting for decision makers."—Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, January 2017 Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION. Introduction. Understanding the Science–Policy Interface in Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES. Exploring the Role of Science in Coastal and Ocean Management: A Review. Science Information and Global Ocean Governance. Risk Refined at the Science–Policy Interface: The International Risk Governance Framework Applied to Different Classes of Coastal Zone Risks. Governing the Marine Environment through Information: Fisheries, Shipping and Tourism. Inducing Better Stakeholder Searches for Environmental Information Relevant to Coastal Conservation. When Scientific Uncertainty Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Using Network Analysis to Understand the Building of Trust in Science. Designing Usable Environmental Research. The Balancing Act of Science in Public Policy. Measuring Awareness, Use, and Influence of Information—Where Theory Meets Practice. CASE STUDIES. What Do Users Want from a State of the Environment Report? A Case Study of Awareness and Use of Canada’s State of the Scotian Shelf Report. The Environmental Effects of Ocean Shipping and the Science–Policy Interface. Just Evidence: Opening Health Knowledge to a Parliament of Evidence. Information Matters—The Influence of the Atlantic Coastal Zone Information Steering Committee on Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management in Atlantic Canada. A Career-Based Perspective of Science–Policy Linkages in Environment Canada: The Role of Information in Managing Human Activities in Our Ocean Spaces. Bridging the Science–Policy Divide to Promote Fisheries Knowledge for All: The Case of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Informing and Improving Fisheries Management Outcomes: An Atlantic Canadian Large Pelagics Case Study by the Ecology Action Centre. THE WAY FORWARD. Does Information Matter in ICOM? Critical Issues and the Path Forward.

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Book SynopsisThe Democratic Republic of Congo has the natural resources the world needs – it is crucial to satisfying our craving for the latest high-tech gadgets; the Inga Dam could light up all of Africa; while Congo’s farmers could feed a billion people. These realities are redefining the country’s strategic contribution to a globalized world. A resource paradise for some, the DRC is an environmental nightmare for others. Congo’s Environmental Paradox analyses the new dynamics in the country’s forest, mineral, land, water and oil sectors, revealing the interactions between these sectors. Connecting the dots, it shows how we need to fundamentally rethink power, politics and resource management in Congo today.Trade ReviewAn unusual, fascinating and important book … While there is often a tendency to sensationalize the country, the author takes a more balanced approach, demonstrating deep insight, engagement and knowledge.' * International Affairs *A sharp and well informed argument that shows that Congo’s environmental paradox is also at the heart of the world’s environmental paradox. * Africa at LSE *An excellent overview of the major ecological resources in the Democratic Republic of Congo … reading this book is essential for understanding the many environmental paradoxes. * African Studies Quarterly *An invaluable contribution – a truly remarkable synthesis of the pathways to Congolese economic improvement and the many roadblocks along the way - the succinct and sparkling summation of the key elements of the political economy is most useful. The author's capacity to convey a rich treasure chest of information and acute analytical skills make this a landmark work. * Crawford Young, University of Wisconsin *A fascinating read, giving a no-nonsense view of the multitude of problems besetting Congo’s natural resource sectors, how they affect ordinary people’s daily lives, and how well-meaning donor initiatives are often intrinsically flawed. The book puts today’s problems into historical perspective and will serve as a reality-check to politicians and activists. * Daniel Balint-Kurti, Global Witness *Most studies of natural resources and development delve into the details sector by sector. Linkages to violence, politics and state-building are treated separately for different resources. This eloquent and richly documented book focuses attention on the connections, and on the global forces adding complexity to these interactions and altering the political economy of possible change. * David Booth, Overseas Development Institute *This remarkable, fact-filled study will undoubtedly rank as required reading for anyone with an interest in the DRC – whether for specialists or for the general reader. Following his Congo Masquerade, this should confirm Trefon’s standing as one of the most perceptive observers and analysts of that central African giant. * Edouard Bustin, Boston University *The first successful attempt to take stock of emerging trends in Congo’s natural resource sectors. Well-written, clearly structured and thoroughly documented, Trefon offers fresh analysis on the gap between resource potential and socio-economic development. * Jeroen Cuvelier, University of Ghent *A remarkable guide to the tangled relationships between minerals, water and other sectors of the political economy in the Congo. It goes beyond slogans such as "rich land, poor people" to explain how the rich get richer while the poor struggle to survive. Indispensable reading for humanitarians and human rights advocates, both Congolese and international * Tom Turner, author of The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth and Reality *Table of Contents1. Introduction: Potential in a Land of Plenty 2. Forests of Wealth and Mystery 3. Food and Agriculture 4. Water: An Uncertain Ebb and Flow 5. Oil: Plenty for Some, Nothing for Most 6. Mining: Rise, Decline and Renaissance 7. Conclusion: Uncertainty and Predation in a Land of Plenty

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Book SynopsisIn the fight against climate change, the world cannot wait for some hoped-for perfect solution in the future. The crisis is upon us, and we need action now. We need as many different strategies, tools, and ideas as possible; and we need them working right away. We need an all-of-the-above solution. One such solution is the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM). The VCM is not the solution to climate change. But it is a solution. In Carbon Done Correctly, Richard H. Lawrence, Jr. introduces the VCM through the lens of unsung heroes around the globe who are on the front lines of the fight against climate change. The story begins in Honduras, where Proyecto Mirador builds fuel-efficient cookstoves in rural communities. Richard tells how a medical mission in the wake of Hurricane Mitch in 1998 spawned a multi-decade venture to build better, cleaner stoves which improve the lives of people in Honduras while reducing carbon emissions into our atmosphere. Always at the center of the story are the remarkable people who made it all possible. But Proyecto Mirador needed funding to continue its work. Enter the VCM. Richard describes the process of Gold Standard Certification, by which an organization becomes eligible to sell carbon credits, and the subsequent establishing of Cool Effect, a crowdfunding marketplace for carbon-reducing projects around the world. As Richard shows, for the VCM to succeed and reach its true global potential, transparency and quality must be at the heart of carbon-reducing projects: these projects must reach the Top of the Pyramid. In Carbon Done Correctly, you will be inspired by the stories of the work that people are doing to combat climate change, and you will see how the VCM provides an essential tool in helping them, and other people in the future, continue and improve that work for the benefit of our planet.

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together scientists and practitioners from five continents to present their experience in undertaking activities that contribute to our understanding and informed management of mountain areas. In particular, they address the challenges of working in interdisciplinary teams and of effectively involving stakeholders. The result is a powerful book that integrates research from different disciplines in the natural and social sciences, and in some cases indigenous knowledge, to address the question of how knowledge is gained about mountain areas and how can it be integrated and used in effective management. A comprehensive introduction covers the challenges in mountain area research and management, and the need for integrated approaches. This is followed by chapters that look at key areas of mountain research and management over the past 25 years, covering inter-and trans-disciplinary research, subsistence cultures and sustainable development, innovations in watershed management and biodiversity conservation. Subsequent chapters cover key areas of research and management on five continents with a focus on comparison of common challenges and solutions across regions. The concluding chapter brings these experiences together. Published with Parks CanadaTrade Review'An essential resource for anyone interested in contributing to improved livelihoods and environmental stewardship in mountain areas.' Peter Trutmann, Coordinator of the CGIAR Global Mountain Program 'This volume on interdisciplinary work in mountain areas is an excellent compilation of examples as well as lessons learned. In effect it provides guidance on how best to approach such work. While different in training and backgrounds, the [authors] clearly articulate the global conviction that interdisciplinary work is the only approach. This volume of case studies repeats this strong and important message.' Nikita Lopoukhine, Chair of the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas and former Director General of National Parks, Parks Canada 'Over the past twenty years, the rhetoric surrounding interdisciplinary earth science and public participation in research and management has had a 'wishful thinking' feel to it, unconstrained by a critical analysis of what works in the real world and what doesn't. Finally we have that analysis: a book that examines real-world projects that tried to do the right thing and teases out the lessons we must learn from them.' Greg Greenwood, Director, Mountain Research Initiative 'A highly welcome and timely guide for anyone interested in or supporting improvement of livelihoods and environmental stewardship in mountains as we begin a century and beyond of uncertainty. The authors bring together historical information, interdisciplinary methodology and provide examples of lessons learned that provide options to manage the complexity of interactions in mountains. It is an essential resource for anyone interested in contributing to improved livelihoods and environmental stewardship in mountain areas.' Peter Trutmann, Coordinator of the CGIAR Global Mountain Program 'The book is well illustrated with succinct boxes, figures and tables and has very full bibliographies.' David Pitt, Policy Matters. 'The CLIMET work followed a gradient in the Rockies, from coast to continental, moving through the national parks of Olympic, North Cascade to Glacier Waterton Lakes on the USA Canada Border. The last is a very useful success story which should be widely imitated since it is a rare peace park as well as a World Heritage site. A vital lesson is that conservation depends often on conflict resolution particularly across often irrational (and not only in ecological terms) national boundaries.' David Pitt, Policy MattersTable of ContentsIntegrated Approaches to Research and Management in Mountain Areas: An Introduction * From Local Projects in the Alps to Global Change Programmes in Mountain Areas: The Development of Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity in the Last 25 Years * From Subsistence Cultures to Sustainable Development: Linking Knowledge Systems for Jhum-Centred Land-Use Management in Northeast India * Policy-Oriented Conservation Design * Introducing Innovations into Watershed Management * Interdisciplinary Research and Management in the Highlands of Eastern Africa: AHI Experiences in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania * Interdisciplinary Research and Management in Mountain Areas of Arumeru District, Northern Tanzania * The Mountain Mistra Programme: Options for Managing Land Use in the Swedish Mountains * Reconciling the Conservation of Biodiversity with Declining Agricultural Use in the Mountains of Europe: The Challenge of Interdisciplinary Research * Cumulative Effects Assessment: An Approach for Integrated Research and Management in North America‘s Crown of the Continent Ecosystem * The Muskwa-Kechika Management Area: Failings of a Multidisciplinary Rather than an Integrated and Interdisciplinary Approach * Ecological Restoration in the Canadian Rocky Mountains: Developing and Implementing the 1997 Banff National Park Management Plan * Integrated Restoration and Rehabilitation of Powerline Corridors in Mountain National Parks in Australia * Integrated Research on Climate Change in Mountain Ecosystems: The CLIMET Project * Integrated Approaches to Research and Management in Mountain Areas: Synthesis and Lessons for the Future * Index

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Book SynopsisParticipatory research has emerged as an approach to producing knowledge that is sufficiently grounded in local needs and realities to support community-based natural resource management (CBNRM), and it is often touted as crucial to the sustainable management of forests and other natural resources. This book analyses the current state of the art of participatory research in CBNRM. Its chapters and case studies examine recent experiences in collaborative forest management, harvesting impacts on forest shrubs, watershed restoration in Native American communities, civic environmentalism in an urban neighborhood and other topics. Although the main geographic focus of the book is the United States, the issues raised are synthesized and discussed in the context of recent critiques of participatory research and CBNRM worldwide. The book's purpose is to provide insights and lessons for academics and practitioners involved in CBNRM in many contexts. The issues it covers will be relevant to participatory research and CBNRM practitioners and students the world over.Trade Review'This text presents models of research sorely needed in the literature and for work in communities.' Kathleen Martin, assistant professor of ethnic studies, California Polytechnic State University 'Moving beyond a presentation of orthodoxy and idealized goals of participatory research, this book provides honest and critical accounts of efforts in the US to apply participatory research to natural resource management. The case studies and synthesis chapters provide invaluable lessons to aid better understanding of the complexities and challenges involved in this very important approach to research and resource management.' Jill M. Belsky, professor, Dept of Society and Conservation and director, Bolle Center for People and Forests, University of MontanaTable of ContentsForeword by Jeffrey Campbell * Negotiating Community, Participation, Knowledge and Power in Participatory Research * Core Criteria and Assessment of Participatory Research * Challenges to Institutionalizing Participatory Research in Community Forestry in the US * From Environmental Racism to Civic Environmentalism: Using Participation and Nature to Develop Community in the Belmont Neighborhood of West Philadelphia * Creating Common Ground: A Collaborative Approach to Environmental Reclamation and Cultural Preservation * Opportunities and Challenges in Community Capacity-building: Lessons from Participatory Research in Macon County, North Carolina * Calibrating Collaboration: Monitoring and Adaptive Management of the Landscape Working Group Process on the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunnison National Forests in Western Colorado * Inclusion and Exclusion: Immigrant Forest Workers and Participation in Natural Resource Management * Comparing Participatory Ecological Research in Two Contexts: An Immigrant Community and a Native American Community on Olympic Peninsula, Washington * Battle at the Bridge: Using Participatory Approaches to Develop Community Researchers in Ecological Management * Research on Native Terms: Navigation and Participation Issues for Native Scholars in Community Research * Participation, Relationships and Empowerment * Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume comprises original, empirically- grounded chapters that collectively offer the most comprehensive study available to date on food security in the Middle East. The book starts with a theoretical framing of the phenomena of food security and food sovereignty and presents empirical case studies of Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, Yemen, the Persian Gulf states and Iran. Some of the major themes examined include the ascent and decline of various food regimes, urban agriculture, overseas agricultural land purchases, national food self-sufficiency strategies, distribution networks and food consumption patterns, and nutrition transitions and healthcare. Collectively, the chapters represent highly original contributions to the disciplines of political science, economics, agricultural studies, and healthcare policy.Trade Review'Food Security in the Middle East opens up urgent policy issues (in the 'food crisis' shadow) about food security/sovereignty across a region characterised by urban bias and food dependence, unsustainable food subsidy programs, and questionable offshoring of food provisioning. Chapters addressing member state particularities offer comparative perspectives within a global food regime context, providing a comprehensive and nuanced account of regional food insecurities, agrarian neglect, super-marketisation, dietary transformation and public health concerns. This volume's notable achievement is a historicised and diversified view of 'food crisis' as deeply embedded in the structuring of state, corporate and institutional practices in an oil-rich, post-colonial region.' -- Philip McMichael, Chair of the Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University'This book is a fresh look at the challenges and opportunities associated with food security faced by the Middle East. The thorough treatment of a broad range of topics from trade to self-sufficiency, and from nutrition to the supermarket revolution and emerging dietary habits make it a truly unique read. Particularly insightful is the overall food supply and demand framework that is the starting point for the analysis in each chapter.' -- Dr. Julian A. Lampietti, Practice Leader, The World Bank'The student of the region will learn much about an understudied realm of social relations in a region whose food systems have suffered scholarly neglect for decades... The case studies the editors select, ranging from the logic of land purchases by Gulf states, to Jordanian state subsidy policy, to transformations in Egyptian state agricultural policy, reflect the many meanings embedded in the term "food security"...' -- Arab Studies Journal

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Book SynopsisIntensifying competition for scarce water resources, the result of rapid population growth and the drive for economic development, has added to the precarious politics of the Middle East and has the potential to generate tension and even armed conflict. Rivers of Contention provides an historical perspective on these complex issues and chronicles the present state of Middle Eastern water disputes. The impact of water disputes on the Middle East peace process is examined, as are the disputes over the waters of the Nile, the Tigris-Euphrates and the Orontes. Ground-water shared by Middle Eastern states (such as the aquifer beneath the Saudi-Jordanian border) and issues of quality (pollution) and quantity (volumes of water) are also discussed.Table of ContentsWater and Politics in the Middle East; Water in the Arab-Israel Dispute; The Nile Basin; The Tigris-Euphrates Basin; The Orontes; Ground-water disputes; Some Common Themes.

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Book SynopsisCivilisation is thirsty... it never stopped to think what would happen if the water ran out. ALEXANDER BELL Peak water is the point when the available water is not enough to meet the demands of the world's growing population. We might live on a watery world, but we are exhausting accessible supplies. Many parts of the world are already facing this crisis, and not only in the developing world. Some of the places experiencing 'peak water' are in the USA, Europe and the UK. Even the wettest lands will be engulfed in the global catastrophe that looms. This is the issue of our age.Trade ReviewWhat makes Peak Water interesting is the way it weaves such laconic personal predictions with a wealth of history, anecdote and analysis, all focussing on the vital role of water in the rise and fall of civilisations... [Bell's] aim is to provoke thought, to stir discussion amongst lay observers – and in that he certainly succeeds. - SCOTTISH REVIEW OF BOOKS How we built civilization on water and drained the world dry is the subject of Alexander Bell’s recent book, Peak Water. Bell delves deeply into the roots of modern civilisation, beginning just before the settlement of the first cities… There have been many books in recent years recounting the trouble we are in when it comes to water, but few that examine how we arrived at this point. Bell does just that… - THE ECOLOGIST

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to introduce the phosphorus (P) removal structure as a new BMP for reducing dissolved P loading to surface waters from non-point source pollution, provide guidance on designing site-specific P removal structures, and provide instruction on use of the design software, “Phrog” (Phosphorus Removal Online Guidance). The book initially provides a review of the nature and sources of non-point source P pollution, examines short and long term solutions to the problem, and provides detailed theory on design and operation of the P removal structure. As with many areas of study, one of the best methods of communicating concepts is through illustrations and examples. This book is no exception; several years of experience in studying P sorption and constructing P removal structures at multiple scales and settings is utilized for providing real examples and applications. With an understanding of the P removal structure established, the reader is instructed on how to obtain all of the necessary inputs for properly designing a site-specific P removal structure for meeting a desired lifetime and performance, or predict the performance and lifetime of a previously constructed P removal structure. For the readers who already possess the Phrog design software or are interested in obtaining it, one chapter is dedicated to detailed use of the software as demonstrated with various examples of structure design and also prediction.Table of Contents1. Introduction to phosphorus and water quality1.1. The role of phosphorus in ecosystems1.1.1. Eutrophication1.1.2. Cultural and Political Response to Eutrophication Issues1.2. Sources of phosphorus transported to surface waters1.2.1. Point Sources (Wastewater Treatment Plants)1.2.2. Non-point phosphorus sources and forms1.3. Best management practices and dissolved phosphorus losses1.4. References2. Reducing Phosphorus Transport: An Overview of Best Management Practices2.1. Dealing with eutrophication: treat the symptoms or the cause?2.2. Incidental vs. legacy phosphorus losses2.3. Legacy phosphorus2.3.1. Preventing legacy P from occurring2.3.2. Containment of legacy phosphorus losses2.3.3. Remediation of legacy phosphorus2.4. References3. Phosphorus Removal Structures as a Short-Term Solution for the Problem of Dissolved Phosphorus Transport to Surface Waters3.1. Purpose, Concept, and General Theory of Phosphorus Removal Structures3.1.1. How the phosphorus removal structure works for removing the target pollutant: dissolved phosphorus3.1.2. Choosing the most efficient target locations for a phosphorus removal structure 3.2. Examples and applications of phosphorus removal structures3.2.1. Modular box3.2.2. Ditch-filter3.2.3. Surface confined bed 3.2.4. Cartridges3.2.5. Pond filter3.2.6. Blind/surface inlets3.2.7. Bio-retention cell3.2.8. Subsurface tile drain filter3.2.9. Waste-water treatment structures3.2.10. Treatment at confined animal feeding operations3.2.11. Treatment at silage bunkers3.3. Summary of P removal structure styles3.4. References4. Phosphorus sorption materials (PSMs): the heart of the phosphorus removal structure4.1. What are PSMs?4.1.1.< Examples of PSMs4.1.2. Choosing a PSM4.2. What makes a material an effective PSM?4.2.1. P sorption capacity and kinetics of P removal4.2.2. Physical properties important to PSMs4.2.3. Safety considerations of PSMs4.3. The paradox of many PSMs4.3.1. Potential solutions for PSMs with insufficient hydraulic conductivity4.3.2. A note on the use of steel slag and chemical treatment4.4. References5. Characterization of PSMs5.1. Measuring and estimating P removal: flow-through vs. batch tests5.2. The P removal design curve5.2.1. Method for direct measurement of the design curve: flow-through experiment5.2.2. Indirect estimation of the P design curve through characterization of PSMs5.3. Methods of physical characterization of PSMs necessary for designing a P removal structure5.3.1. Measurement of bulk density5.3.2. Measurement of porosity and particle density5.3.3. Measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity5.4. Methods of safety characterization of PSMs5.4.1. Total metal concentration by digestion5.4.2. Method for water soluble metals5.4.3. Synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP)5.5. References6. Designing a Phosphorus Removal Structure6.1. Designing structures to achieve target P load removal and lifetime6.1.1. Use of the design curve and governing equations for designing structures6.1.2. Determining the required mass of PSM for a P removal structure6.2. Site characterization inputs required for conducting a design6.2.1. Average annual dissolved P load6.2.2. Peak flow rates6.2.3. Hydraulic head and maximum area for structure6.3. Drainage of the P removal structure: balancing flow rate with retention time6.3.1. Water flow through the P removal structure6.3.2. Retention time6.3.3. Drainage of the P removal structure6.4. General procedure for conducting a structure design and information obtained6.4.1. General design procedure6.4.2. General results from conducting a proper design6.5. Optional: total and particulate P removal with sediment reduction6.5.1. Estimating sediment load reduction6.5.2. Estimating total P and particulate P reductions from sediment removal within the structure6.6. Further considerations in design and construction6.6.1. Free drainage6.6.2. Using a “cap layer” for fine-textured PSMs6.6.3. Use of flow control structures6.6.4. Overflow6.7. References7. Using the Phrog software7.1. Designing a P removal structure vs. predicting performance of an existing structure7.2. Two broad styles for P removal structures: bed vs. ditch structure7.3. Specific inputs required for design of a P removal structure7.3.1. Chemical and physical characteristics of PSM to be used7.3.2. Site characteristics, constraints, and target P removal goals7.3.3. Additional inputs for predicting performance of an existing structure7.3.4. Optional inputs for estimating total and particulate P removal7.4. General output from Phrog software when conducting a design7.4.1. Output: physical construction specifications7.4.2. Output: predicted structure performance and guidance in obtaining a suitable design 7.5. Case studies using Phrog to design or predict7.5.1. Design a ditch structure: details of Phrog use and example of how to simultaneously meet the target flow rate and retention time7.5.2. Predict performance of an existing ditch structure7.5.3. Design a subsurface bed structure for treating tile drainage7.5.4. Predict the performance of a blind inlet and demonstration of predicting particulate and total P removal7.5.5. Bio-retention cells7.5.6. Design a confined bed located on a CAFO7.5.7. Wastewater treatment plant tertiary P treatment and example use of direct input of design curve coefficients7.6. References8. Disposal of Spent Phosphorus Sorption Materials8.1. Use of spent PSMs as a P fertilizer8.1.1. Testing PSMs to determine potential for P release to plants or runoff after land application to soil8.2. Extraction of P from spent PSMs and potential recharge8.2.1. Stripping P from spent PSMs: is it worth it?8.3. Land application of spent PSMs to soils for benefits other than P fertilizer8.3.1. Safety considerations in land application of spent PSMs8.4. Alternative to land application of spent PSMs 8.5. 8.5 References

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Book SynopsisThis book series looks at each of the main coastal habitats – salt marshes, sand dunes and sand/shingle shores, modified coastal grazing marshes/salinas and sea cliffs in turn. Each habitat is described in relation to its natural development and the way this has been influenced by human actions. The different states in which the habitats exist are reviewed against the pressures exerted upon them. Options for management are considered and the likely consequences of taking a particular course of action are highlighted.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:"This work … focuses on the values of temperate salt marshes, problems associated with anthropogenic impacts, and methods of achieving positive changes. … The text is extremely well organized … . The wealth of information in this book comprises a valuable resource, not only for professional managers and policy makers, indeed for anyone who cares about saving these ecologically valuable land-sea interfaces. Summing Up: Highly recommended. General readers; upper-division undergraduates through professionals." (R. E. Knowlton, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (9), 2008)Table of ContentsHuman Influences.- Nature Conservation.- States and Values.- The Physical States.- Physical States, Restoration Methods.- Vegetation States.- Grazing Management.- Spartina.- Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisWater use and conservation in the American West have long been shaped by a host of geographic, environmental, political and economic factors. Today, though, serious questions are being raised about how western states used dams, irrigation systems, and other water-related infrastructure to transform the landscape of the West. Are current trends in water consumption across the West sustainable, given the region's arid environment and rapidly growing populations? Are so-called water wars between thirsty states (and between Mexico and USA) worsening? What impact will climate change have on the West's limited water resources--and the people who depend on them? This book answers all those questions and more, drawing on quantifiable facts and the knowledge and perspectives of experts on water resource consumption, administration, and conservation to provide a one-stop resource for understanding the past, present, and future of water in the American West.

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Book SynopsisSynthesizing theoretical and empirical analyses of the processes that help shape these unique ecosystems, Tropical Rainforests looks at the effects of evolutionary histories, past climate change, and ecological dynamics on the origin and maintenance of tropical rainforest communities. Australian communities.

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Book SynopsisRecognizing the need to engage experts across the life, social, and legal sciences as well as the humanities, this title draws together a wide variety of ecologists, historians, economists, legal scholars, policy makers, and communications scholars, to facilitate a dialogue among these disciplines and understand the invasive species phenomenon.Trade Review"Satisfying, exciting, and incorporating an astonishing variety of scholars and traditions, Invasive Species in a Globalized World provides an adequate background in invasion ecology and then steers the topic toward policy in an effective way. This is a crucial and currently lacking segment along the pathway from research to action." (Julie Lockwood, Rutgers University and coauthor of Avian Invasions: The Ecology and Evolution of Exotic Birds and Invasion Ecology)"

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Book SynopsisThe story of the proposed - and ultimately thwarted - building of a dam, nearly 50 years ago in Arizona, which would have destroyed wildlife, flooded archaeological sites and forced the Havapai Indians off their ancestral home. It is also a study of rationality as a cultural, organisational and political construct.

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, the concept of peak oil-the moment when global oil production peaks and a train of economic, social, and political catastrophes accompany its subsequent decline-has captured the imagination of a surprisingly large number of Americans, ordinary citizens as well as scholars, and created a quiet, yet intense underground movement. In Peak Oil, Matthew Schneider-Mayerson takes readers deep inside the world of peakists, showing how their hopes and fears about the postcarbon future led them to prepare for the social breakdown they foresee-all of which are fervently discussed and debated via websites, online forums, videos, and novels. By exploring the worldview of peakists, and the unexpected way that the fear of peak oil and climate change transformed many members of this left-leaning group into survivalists, Schneider-Mayerson builds a larger analysis of the rise of libertarianism, the role of oil in modern life, the political impact of digital technologies, the racial and

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Book SynopsisDeforestation - the thinning and clearing of forests for fuel, shelter, and agriculture - is among the important ways humans have transformed the environment. This book presents the history of this process and its consequences. It traces the impact of human activities from the Paleolithic age through the classical world and the medieval period.Trade Review"Anyone who doubts the power of history to inform the present should read this closely argued and sweeping survey. This is rich, timely, and sobering historical fare written in a measured, non-sensationalist style by a master of his craft. One only hopes (almost certainly vainly) that today's policymakers take its lessons to heart." - Brian Fagan, Los Angeles Times "The most comprehensive account ever written of when, where, and how humans have wrought what is surely the most dramatic change in Earth's surface since the end of the Pleistocene.... The book is not simply about deforestation but about every aspect of human use of the forest and the forces that drive this use." - Brian Donahue, Science"

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Book SynopsisRivers are alive and impulsive, shaped by history and geology. Just One Rain Away provides a starting point for cross-cultural discussions about how expert knowledge and practice should inform egalitarian decision-making about flood control and decolonize current ways of thinking, being, and becoming with rivers.Trade Review“A fascinating, lively, and intimate portrait of a complex technical issue, Just One Rain Away evokes the complexity of flood control through a sprawling appreciation of geology, politics, technology, and metrology, as well as ethnography and literature. Ambitious and impressive, both the technical rigour and the imaginative scope of materials and descriptions makes this a major achievement.” Kregg Hetherington, author of The Government of Beans: Regulating Life in the Age of Monocrops“This book provides an apt starting point for those who wish to better understand these pressing issues, and perhaps even move toward the decolonization of flood control itself.” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy

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Book SynopsisRivers are alive and impulsive, shaped by history and geology. Just One Rain Away provides a starting point for cross-cultural discussions about how expert knowledge and practice should inform egalitarian decision-making about flood control and decolonize current ways of thinking, being, and becoming with rivers.Trade Review“A fascinating, lively, and intimate portrait of a complex technical issue, Just One Rain Away evokes the complexity of flood control through a sprawling appreciation of geology, politics, technology, and metrology, as well as ethnography and literature. Ambitious and impressive, both the technical rigour and the imaginative scope of materials and descriptions makes this a major achievement.” Kregg Hetherington, author of The Government of Beans: Regulating Life in the Age of Monocrops“This book provides an apt starting point for those who wish to better understand these pressing issues, and perhaps even move toward the decolonization of flood control itself.” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy

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Book SynopsisExperts from both the natural and social sciences provide vital information for understanding the interactions of forest peoples and forest resources in the lowland tropics of Central and South America. They investigate patterns of traditional resource use, evaluate existing research, and explore new directions for furthering the conservationist agenda.Table of Contents1. Traditional Peoples and the Biosphere: Framing the Issues and Defining the Terms, by Marianne Schmink, Kent H. Redford, and Christine Padoch I. Indigenous Peoples: Introduction, by Kent H. Redford and Christine Padoch 2. Interpreting and Applying the "Reality" of Indigenous Concepts: What is Necessary to Learn from the Natives?, by Darrell Addison Posey 3. People of the Fallow: A Historical Ecology of Foraging in Lowland South America, by William Balee 4. Traditional Productive Systems of the Awa (Cuaiquer) Indians of Southwestern Colombia and Neighboring Ecuador, by Jorge E. Orejuela 5. Resource Use, Traditional Technology, and Change Among Native Peoples of Lowland South America, by Hillard Kaplan and Kate Kopischke 6. Neotropical Indigenous Hunters and Their Neighbors: Siriono, Chimane, and Yuqui Hunting on the Bolivian Fronteir, by Allyn MacLean Stearman II. Folk Societies: Introduction, by Kent H. Redford and Christine Padoch 7. Caboclo and Ribereno Resource Management in Amazonia: A Review, by Mario Hiraoka 8. Diversity, Variation, and Change in Ribereno Agriculture, by Christine Padoch and Wil De Jong 9. The Logic of Extraction: Resource Management and Income Generation by Extractive Producers in the Amazon Estuary, by Anthony B. Anderson and Edviges Marta Ioris III. Case Studies of Resource Management Projects in Protected and Unprotected Areas: Institutional Perspectives: Introduction, by Kent H. Redford and Christine Padoch 10. Xateros, Chicleros, and Pimenteros: Harvesting Renewable Tropical Forest Resources in the Guatemalan Peten, by James D. Nations 11. The Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area of Belize, by F. William Burley 12. The Chimane Conservation Program in Beni, Bolivia: An Effort for Local Participation, by Liliana C. Campos Dudley 13. The Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve: Human Needs and Natural Resource Conservation in the Ecuadorian Amazon, by Flavio Coello Hinojosa 14. The Wildlands and Human Needs Program: Putting Rural Development to Work for Conservation, by Dennis Glick and Michael Wright 15. Building Institutions for Sustainable Development in Acre, Brazil, by Marianne Schmink IV. New Directions in Research and Action: Introduction, by Kent H. Redford and Christine Padoch 16. Amuesha Forest Use and Management: An Integration of Indigenous Use and Natural Forest Management, by Jan Salick 17. Incorporation of Game Animals into Small-Scale Agroforestry Systems in the Neotropics, by Kent H. Redford, Bert Klein, and Carolina Murcia 18. Common Property Resources in the Neotropics: Theory, Management Progress, and an Action Agenda, by Peter H. May 19. Valuing Land Uses in Amazonia: Colonist Agriculture, Cattle, and Petty Extraction in Comparative Perspective, by Susanne B. Hecht 20. Buying in the Forests: A New Program to Market Sustainably Collected Tropical Forest Products Protects Forest and Forest Residents, by Jason Clay 21. Neotropical Moist Forests: Priorities for the Next Two Decades, by Robert J.A. Goodland

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Book SynopsisAn eloquent introduction to the ethical and philosophical values at stake in biological conservation, this book familiarizes readers with the general issues and possible solutions to the problems societies face in simultaneously conserving nature and promoting culture.

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Book SynopsisIncludes almost one hundred maps, satellite and aerial photographs, and computer graphics to illustrate the products of remote sensing. An indispensable guidebook for ecologists, conservation biologists, and resource managers.

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Book SynopsisPlaces the converging disciplines of wildlife management and captive management in the context of the developing field of population and habitat viability analysis. The contributors explore the science of the demographic management of small populations, both in zoos and in the wild.

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Book SynopsisExamines the sustainability of hunting as practiced by rural peoples. This book provides a viewpoint on the ecological and human aspects of this hunting. It examines the effects of hunting on wildlife in tropical forests. It looks at the importance of hunting to local communities and looks at institutional challenges of resource management.Trade ReviewA timely and important book, as anyone knows who has travelled to the tropics. Northeastern Naturalist For those interested in 'sustainable use' as something more than a conservation catchphrase, Hunting for Sustainability in Tropical Forests is a must read. It is a welcome contribution to what is currently a small body of literature detailing the implementation of sustainable use in practice. -- Lisa M. Campbell Environments Quite simply, Rudel's book is a work of outstanding scholarship...This book will be indispensable reading for anyone concerned with the fate and management of the world's imperilled tropical forests. -- William F. Laurance, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Environmental ConservationTable of Contents1. Hunting for the Snark, by Elizabeth L. Bennett and John G. Robinson I: Biological Limits to Sustainability 2. Carrying Capacity Limits to Sustainable Hunting in Tropical Forests, by John G. Robinson and Elizabeth L. Bennett 3. Evaluating the Impact and Sustainability of Subsistence Hunting at Multiple Amazonian Forest Sites, by Carlos A. Peres 4. The Sustainability of Current Hunting Practices by the Huaorani, by Patricio Mena V., Jody R. Stallings, Jhanira Regalado B. and Ruben Cueva L. 5. Sustainability of Ach Hunting in the Mbaracayu Reserve, Paraguay, by Kim Hill and Jonathan Pad 6. Impact of Sustainability of Indigenous Hunting in the Ituri Forest, Congo-Zaire: A Comparison of Unhunted and Hunted Duiker Populations, by John A. Har 7. Threatened Mammals, Subsistence Harvesting, and High Human Population Densities: A Recipe for Disaster?, by Clare D. FitzGibbon, Hezron Mogaka, and John H. Fanshawe 8. Hunted Animals in Bioko Island, West Africa: Sustainability and Future, by John E. Fa 9. Differential Vulnerability of Large Birds and Mammals to Hunting in North Sulawesi, by Timothy G. O'Brien and Margaret F. Ki 10. The Impact of Traditional Subsistence Hunting and Trapping on Prey Populations: Data from Wana Horticulturalists of Upland Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, by Michael Alvard II: Sociocultural Context Influencing Sustainability 11. A Pound of Flesh: Social Change and Modernization as Factors in Hunting Sustainability Among Neootropical Indigenous Societie, by Allyn MacLean Stearman 12. Wildlife Conservation and Game Harvest by Maya Hunters in Quintana Roo, Mexico, by Jeffrey P. Jorgenson 13. The Sustainability of Subsistence Hunting by the Sirion Indians of Bolivia, by Wendy R. Townsend 14. Cable Snares and Nets in the Central African Republic, by Andrew Noss 15. Saving Borneo's Bacon: The Sustainability of Hunting in Sarawak and Sabah, by Elizabeth L. Bennett, Adrian J. Nyaoi, and Jephte Sompud 16. Agta Hunting and Sustainability of Resource Use in Northeastern Luzon, Philippines, by P. Bion Griffin and Marcus B. Griffin III: Institutional Capacity for Management 17. Hunting for an Answer: Is Local Hunting Compatible with Large Mammal Conservation in India?, by M. D. Madhusudan and K. Ullas Karanth 18. Enhancing the Sustainability of Duiker Hunting Through Community Participation and Controlled Access in the LobCkC Region of Southeastern Cameroon, by Cheryl Fimbel, Bryan Curran, and Leonard Usongo 19. Traditional Management of Hunting in a Xavante Community in Central Brazil: The Search for Sustainability, by Frans J. Leeuwenberg and John G. Robinson 20. Community-Based Comanagement of Wildlife in the Peruvian Amazon, by Richard Bodmer and Pablo E. Puertas IV: Economic Influences on Sustainability 21. Wildlife Use in Northern Congo: Hunting in a Commercial Logging Concession, by Philippe, Auzel and David S. Wilkie 22. Socioeconomics and the Sustainability of Hunting in the Forests of Northern Congo (Brazzaville), by Heather E. Eves and Richard G. Ruggiero 23. Impact of Subsistence Hunting in North Sulawesi Indonesia, and Conservation Options,, by Rob J. Lee 24. The Trade in Wildlife in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, by Lynn Clayton and E. J. Milner-Gulland V: Synthesis 25. Hunting for Sustainability: The Start of a Synthesis, by Elizabeth L. Bennett and John G. Robinson

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Book SynopsisBringing together leading scientists and professionals in tropical forest ecology and management, this book examines in detail the interplay between timber harvesting and wildlife, from invertebrates to large mammal species. Its contributors suggest modifications to existing practices that can ensure a better future for the tropics' valuable -- and invaluable -- resources.Trade ReviewConservation of biodiversity is not only a scientific issue but also one of economics. This book bridges the gaps and differing objectives very well, and gives a balanced treatment of a complex and volatile global issues. Biodiversity Will do much to encourage a more informed thoughtfulness by those who are in a position to interact with decision makers who guide and manage logging company practices...Well done! Northeastern NaturalistTable of ContentsLogging and Wildlife in the Tropics: Impacts and Options for Conservation, by Robert A. Fimbel, Alejandro Grajal, and John G. Robinson, with input from all co Rain Forest Logging and Wildlife Use in Bolivia: Management and Conservation in Transition, by Damian I. Rumiz and Fernando Aguilar The Economics of Sustainable Forest Management and Wildlife Conservation in Tropical Forests, by Neil Byron Can Forestry Carbon-Offset Projects Play a Significant Role in Conserving Forest Wildlife and Their Habitats?, by Elizabeth Losos Tropical Forest Management Certification and Wildlife Conservation, by Richard Z. Donovan Community-Based Timber Production: A Viable Strategy for Promoting Wildlife Conservation?, by Nick Salafsky, Max Henderson, and Mark Leighton Logging and Wildlife Research in Australasia: Implications for Tropical Forest Management, by William F. Laurance Protecting Habitat Elements and Natural Areas in the Managed Forest Matrix, by Bruce G. Marcot, R. E. Gullison, and James R. Barborak An Evolutionary Perspective on Natural Disturbance and Logging: Implications for Forest Management and Habitat Restoration, by Colin A. Chapman and Robert A. Fimbel Reducing the Impacts of Tropical Forestry on Wildlife, by Douglas J. Mason and Francis E. Putz Where Should Natural Forest Management Be Promoted to Conserve Wildlife?, by Peter C. Frumhoff and Elizabeth C. Losos Programs to Assess the Impacts of Timber Harvesting on Tropical Forest Wildlife and Their Habitat, by Robert A. Fimbel, Elizabeth L. Bennett, and Claire Kremen Natural Forest Management and Biodiversity Conservation: Field Study Design and Integration at the Operational Level, by Andrew Grieser Johns Defaunation Not Deforestation: Commercial Logging and Market Hunting in Northern Congo, by David S. Wilkie, J. G. Sidle, G. C. Boundzanga, P. Auzel, and S. Blake The Interrelationships of Commercial Logging Hunting and Wildlife in Sarawak: Recommendations for Forest Management, by Elizabeth L. Bennett and Melvin T. Gumal Logging and Hunting in Community Forests and Corporate Concessions: Two Contrasting Case Studies in Bolivia, by Damian I. Rumiz, Daniel Guinart S., Luciano Solar R., and Jose C. Herrera F. The Effects of Logging on Tropical River Ecosystems, by Catherine M. Pringle and Jonathan P. Benstead Soil Fauna in Managed Forests: Lessons from the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, by Gerardo R. Camilo and Xiaoming Zou The Impacts of Selective Logging on Tropical Forest Invertebrates, by Jaboury Ghazoul and Jane Hill The Effects of Logging on Reptiles and Amphibians of Tropical Forests, by Laurie J. Vitt and Janalee P. Caldwell Bird Communities in Logged and Unlogged African Forests: Lessons from Uganda and Beyond, by Andrew Plumptre, Christine Dranzoa, and Isaiah Owiunji The Effects of Logging on Birds in Tropical Forests of Indo-Australia, by Mohamed Zakaria Bin Hussin and Charles M. Francis Tropical Forestry and the Conservation of Neotropical Birds, by Douglas J. Mason and Jean-Marc Thiollay The Consequences of Timber Exploitation for Bat Communities in Tropical America, by Pascual J. Soriano and Jose Ochoa G. The Effects of Logging on Nonvolant Small Mammal Communities in Neotropical Rain Forests, by Jose Ochoa G. and Pascual J. Soriano The Effects of Logging on Tropical Forest Ungulates, by Glyn Davies, Matt Heydon, Nigel Leader-Williams, John MacKinnon, and Helen Newin Changes in Primate Communities Following Logging Disturbance, by Andrew J. Plumptre and Andrew Grieser Johns Logging ,Seed Dispersal by Vertebrates, and Natural Regeneration of Tropical Timber Trees, by Patrick A. Jansen and Pieter A. Zuidema Tropical Forest Management and Wildlife: Silvicultural Effects on Forest Structure, Fruit Production, and Locomotion of Arboreal Mammals, by Francis E. Putz, Laura K. Sirot, and Michelle A. Pinard Logging-Wildlife Issues in the Tropics: An Overview, by Robert A. Fimbel, Alejandro Grajal, and John G. Robinson I. An Introduction to Forestry Wildlife Interactions in Tropical Forests II. Wildlife and Chainsaws: Direct Impact of Logging on Wildlife III. Hunting: A Major Indirect Impact of Logging on Game Species IV. Research to Integrate Natural Forest Management and Wildlife Conservation V. Forest Management Programs to Conserve Wildlife in Production Forest Landscapes VI. Incentives for Integrating Natural Forest Management and Wildlife Conservation VII. Synopsis

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Book SynopsisLandscape ecology integrates humans with natural ecosystems and brings a spatial perspective to such fields as natural resource management, conservation, and urban planning. This volume includes papers that present the origins and development of landscape ecology and encompass a variety of perspectives, approaches, and geographies.Trade ReviewA valuable resource... [and] welcome addition to the literature in landscape ecology. -- William Z. Lidicjer Jr. Ecology A 'must have' for a landscape ecologist. -- Lisa A. Schulte Landscape Ecology An excellent collection of foundation papers... suitable as a textbook or reference book. Northeastern NaturalistTable of ContentsIntroductionPart I. The Early Antecedents of Landscape EcologyIntroduction and Review1. L. S. Berg (1915): The Objectives and Tasks of Geography2. N. A. Solnetsev (1948): The Natural Geographic Landscape and Some of Its General Rules3. C. S. Christian (1958): The Concept of Land Units and Land Systems4. C. O. Sauer (1925): The Morphology of Landscape5. C. Troll (1950): The Geographic Landscape and Its Investigation6. A. S. Watt (1947): Pattern and Process in the Plant CommunityPart II. The Causes and Consequences of Spatial PatternIntroduction and Review7. J. T. Curtis (1956): The Modifi cation of Mid-Latitude Grasslands and Forests by Man8. H. E. Wright, Jr. (1974): Landscape Development, Forest Fires, and Wilderness Management9. S. A. Levin and R. T. Paine (1974): Disturbance, Patch Formation, and Community Structure10. R. Levins (1969): Some Demographic and Genetic Consequences of Environmental Heterogeneity for Biological Control11. J. A. Wiens (1976): Population Responses to Patchy Environments12. S. T. A. Pickett and J. N. Thompson (1978): Patch Dynamics and the Design of Nature Reserves13. F. H. Bormann, G. E. Likens, D. W. Fisher, and R. S. Pierce (1968): Nutrient Loss Accelerated by Clear-Cutting of a Forest EcosystemPart III. The Emergence of Multiple Concepts of What Landscape Ecology Is AboutIntroduction and Review14. E. Neef (1967): The Theoretical Foundations of Landscape Study (Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Landschaftslehre)15. R. T. T. Forman and M. Godron (1981): Patches and Structural Components for a Landscape Ecology16. P. G. Risser, J. R. Karr, and R. T. T. Forman (1983): Landscape Ecology: Directions and Approaches17. D. L. Urban, R. V. O'Neill, and H. H. Shugart, Jr. (1987): Landscape Ecology: A Hierarchical Perspective Can Help Scientists Understand Spatial PatternsZ. Naveh (1988): Biocybernetic Perspectives of Landscape Ecology and ManagementPart IV. The Central Role of ScaleIntroduction and Review19. J. A. Wiens (1989): Spatial Scaling in Ecology20. J. F. Addicott, J. M. Aho, M. F. Antolin, D. K. Padilla, J. S. Richardson, and D. A. Soluk (1987): Ecological Neighborhoods: Scaling Environmental Patterns21. R. V. O'Neill (1989): Transmutations Across Hierarchical Levels22. V. Meentemeyer (1989): Geographical Perspectives of Space, Time, and Scale23. W. H. Romme and D. H. Knight (1982): Landscape Diversity: The Concept Applied to Yellowstone Park24. G. B. M. Pedroli and G. J. Borger (1990): Historical Land Use and Hydrology: A Case from Eastern Noord-Brabant25. H. R. Delcourt and P. A. Delcourt (1988): Quaternary Landscape Ecology: Relevant Scales in Space and TimePart V. The Analysis of Landscape PatternsIntroduction and Review26. P. Legendre and M.-J. Fortin (1989): Spatial Pattern and Ecological Analysis27. P. A. Burrough (1981): Fractal Dimensions of Landscapes and Other Environmental DataPart VI. Linking Models with Empiricism: Landscape Boundaries and ConnectivityIntroduction and Review28. L. P. Lefkovitch and L. Fahrig (1985): Spatial Characteristics of Habitat Patches and Population Survival29. J. F. Franklin and R. T. T. Forman (1987): Creating Landscape Patterns by Forest Cutting: Ecological Consequences and Principles30. H. R. Pulliam (1988): Sources, Sinks, and Population Regulation31. R. Costanza, F. H. Sklar, and M. L. White (1990): Modeling Coastal Landscape Dynamics32. J. F. Wegner and G. Merriam (1979): Movements by Birds and Small Mammals Between a Wood and Adjoining Farmland Habitats33. L. Hansson (1983): Bird Numbers Across Edges Between Mature Conifer Forest and Clearcuts in Central Sweden34. P. Opdam, G. Rijsdijk, and F. Hustings (1985): Bird Communities in Small Woods in an Agricultural Landscape: Effects of Area and Isolation35. W. T. Peterjohn and D. L. Correll (1984): Nutrient Dynamics in an Agricultural Watershed: Observations on the Role of a Riparian Forest36. R. J. Naiman, H. Decamps, J. Pastor, and C. A. Johnston (1988): The Potential Importance of Boundaries to Fluvial EcosystemsPart VII. SynthesisIntroduction and Review37. M. G. Turner (1989): Landscape Ecology: The Effect of Pattern on Process

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Book SynopsisBy focusing on a set of critical issues and case studies, this book explores of the polarized debate over production-oriented forestry and the chances of achieving forest conservation through sustainable management.Trade ReviewAn excellent supplementary text... Recommended. Choice This work should be required reading for foresters, biologists, and social scientists. -- Ken Smith BioScienceTable of ContentsList of Contributors Foreword, by Hon. Jorge Viana Acknowledgments 1. Neotropical Working Forests: Concepts and Realities, by Daniel J. Zarin Part I. Industrial Forestry as a Tropical Conservation Strategy 2. Are You a Conservationist or a Logging Advocate?, by Francis E. Putz 3. National Forests in the Brazilian Amazon: Opportunities and Challenges, by Adalberto Verissimo and Paulo Barreto 4. Sustainability of Selective Logging of Upland Forests in the Brazilian Amazon: Carbon Budgets and Remote Sensing as Tools for Evaluation of Logging Effects, by Michael Keller, Gregory P. Asner, Natalino Silva and Michael Palace 5. Forest Science and the BOLFOR Experience: Lessons Learned about Natural Forest Management in Bolivia, by Francis E. Putz, Michelle A. Pinard, Todd.S. Fredericksen, and Marielos Pena-Claros 6. The Business of Forest Certification, by Joshua C. Dickinson, John M. Forgach, and Thomas E. Wilson Part II. Working Forests and Community Development in Latin America 7. Communities, Forests, Markets, and Conservation, by Mariane Schmink 8. Making Markets Work for Forest Communities, by Sara J. Scherr, Andy White, and David Kaimowitz 9. Inside the Polygon: Emerging Community Tenure Systems and Forest Resource Extraction, by Thomas Ankersen and Grenville Barnes 10. Aiming for Sustainable Community Forest Management: The Experiences of Two Communities in Mexico and Honduras, by Catherine Tucker 11. Community Forestry for Small-Scale Furniture Production in the Brazilian Amazon, by David McGrath, Charles Peters, and Antonio Jose Mota Bentes 12. Community Forestry as a Strategy for Sustainable Management: Perspectives from Quintana Roo, by David Bray 13. Carbon Sequestration Potential through Forestry Activities in Tropical Mexico, by Bernardus de Jong 14. Axing the Trees, Growing the Forest: Smallholder Timber Production in the Amazon Varzea, by Robin Sears and Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez Part III. Working Forest Paradoxes 15. Neotropical Working Forests: For What and For Whom?, by Janaki Alavalapati and Daniel J. Zarin 16. On Defying Nature's End, by Gustavo A.B. da Fonseca, Aaron Bruner, Russell A. Mittermeier, Keith Alger, Clau 17. Selective Logging, Forest Fragmentation and Fire Disturbance: Implications of Interaction, by Mark A. Cochrane, David L. Skole, Eraldo A. T. Matricardi, Christopher Barber, and Walter Chomentowski 18. Limited or Unlimited Wants in the Presence of Limited Means? Inquiries into the Role of Satiation in Affecting Deforestation, by Arild Angelsen and Martin K. Luckert 19. From Staple to Fashion Food: Shifting Cycles and Shifting Opportunities in the development of the Acai Palm Fruit (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Economy in the Amazon Estuary, by Eduardo S. Brondizio 20. The Homogeocene in Puerto Rico, by Ariel E. Lugo Part IV. Envisioning a Future for Sustainable Tropical Forest Management 21. Conventional Wisdom about Sustainable Forest Management and a Pro-Poor Forest Agenda, by David Kaimowitz 22. Governing the Amazon Timber Industry, by Daniel Nepstad, Ane Alencar, Ana Cristina Barros, Eirivelthon Lima, Elsa Mendoza Index

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Book SynopsisThis big-picture, policy-oriented book explains in gripping terms what rising oceans will do to coastal cities and the drastic actions we need to take now to remove vulnerable populations. The authors detail effective approaches for addressing climate-change denialism and powerful arguments for changing U.S. federal coastal-management policies.Trade ReviewRetreat from a Rising Sea is a landmark work long overdue. The book offers deep analysis, case histories, and names villains of denial. It offers visions, solutions, and historic examples of how coastal cities and communities have dealt in the past and will need to cope in the future with rising coastal risks. It is a must-read for coastal residents and policy makers alike. If this book had been written ten years ago, the world would be better off. -- Klaus Jacob, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University Earth Institute Retreat from a Rising Sea is a book that should be read by everyone concerned about our coasts. In its passion to explain the conclusion that science clearly indicates, it signals the urgency of our retreat from the coast. -- Carl Hobbs, author of The Beach Book In Retreat from a Rising Sea, the authors raise tough and crucial questions about living in coastal communities in an era of rising seas and more frequent superstorms. In highlighting the vulnerabilities of many cities and communities in the United States and around the world, they provide a sobering wake-up call for policy makers and planners-and for the billions of people on the front lines of a changing climate. -- Vicki Arroyo, executive director, Georgetown Climate Center, and professor from practice, Georgetown University Law Center This accessible, impassioned argument considers the scientific, political, and socioeconomic dimensions of climate change and fervently presses for Americans to come to terms with the disastrous changes to the world's oceans sooner rather than later. Publishers Weekly Clear and authoritative... If only our leaders would read this book. Miami HeraldTable of ContentsForeword, by the Santa Aguila Foundation Preface Acknowledgments 1. Control + Alt + Retreat 2. The Overflowing Ocean 3. The Fate of Two Doomed Cities: Miami and New Orleans 4. New and Old Amsterdam: New York City and the Netherlands 5. Cities on the Brink 6. The Taxpayers and the Beach House 7. Coastal Calamities: How Geology Affects the Fate of the Shoreline 8. Drowning in Place: Infrastructure and Landmarks in the Age of Sea-Level Rise 9. The Cruelest Wave: Climate Refugees 10. Deny, Debate, and Delay 11. Ghosts of the Past, Promise of the Future Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis big-picture, policy-oriented book explains in gripping terms what rising oceans will do to coastal cities and the drastic actions we need to take now to remove vulnerable populations. The authors detail effective approaches for addressing climate-change denialism and powerful arguments for changing U.S. federal coastal-management policies.Trade ReviewRetreat from a Rising Sea is a landmark work long overdue. The book offers deep analysis, case histories, and names villains of denial. It offers visions, solutions, and historic examples of how coastal cities and communities have dealt in the past and will need to cope in the future with rising coastal risks. It is a must-read for coastal residents and policy makers alike. If this book had been written ten years ago, the world would be better off. -- Klaus Jacob, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University Earth Institute Retreat from a Rising Sea is a book that should be read by everyone concerned about our coasts. In its passion to explain the conclusion that science clearly indicates, it signals the urgency of our retreat from the coast. -- Carl Hobbs, author of The Beach Book In Retreat from a Rising Sea, the authors raise tough and crucial questions about living in coastal communities in an era of rising seas and more frequent superstorms. In highlighting the vulnerabilities of many cities and communities in the United States and around the world, they provide a sobering wake-up call for policy makers and planners-and for the billions of people on the front lines of a changing climate. -- Vicki Arroyo, executive director, Georgetown Climate Center, and professor from practice, Georgetown University Law Center This accessible, impassioned argument considers the scientific, political, and socioeconomic dimensions of climate change and fervently presses for Americans to come to terms with the disastrous changes to the world's oceans sooner rather than later. Publishers Weekly Clear and authoritative... If only our leaders would read this book. Miami HeraldTable of ContentsForeword, by the Santa Aguila Foundation Preface Acknowledgments 1. Control + Alt + Retreat 2. The Overflowing Ocean 3. The Fate of Two Doomed Cities: Miami and New Orleans 4. New and Old Amsterdam: New York City and the Netherlands 5. Cities on the Brink 6. The Taxpayers and the Beach House 7. Coastal Calamities: How Geology Affects the Fate of the Shoreline 8. Drowning in Place: Infrastructure and Landmarks in the Age of Sea-Level Rise 9. The Cruelest Wave: Climate Refugees 10. Deny, Debate, and Delay 11. Ghosts of the Past, Promise of the Future Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisExamines the theoretical framing of “nature” in South Africa and beyond. Analyzes myths and fantasies that have brought the world to a point of climate catastrophe and continue to shape the narratives through which it is understood.Trade Review“Louise Green has compiled an important collection of analyses, focusing on the problem of nature in the age of climate change, and relating this to cultural circumstances in colonial and postcolonial Africa. These fascinating, well-researched, and surprisingly original studies show how nature is produced as a cultural relic in late capitalist society. Her book is an important contribution to the fields of Anthropocene studies, African studies, and cultural studies.”—John Noyes,author of Herder: Aesthetics Against Imperialism“What if the Anthropocene means the end of Third World futures, a shift from freedom to responsibility? In Fragments from the History of Loss, Louise Green shows how nature is produced as concept, commodity, and alibi for exploitation. With bracing nuance and salutary attention to inequality and immiseration, this scintillating book sifts through slices of time and fragments of nature in order to assemble shards of wisdom for living—lightly, with less—in the Anthropocene. An indispensable rejoinder to depoliticizing, universalist accounts of environmental crisis.”—Jennifer Wenzel,author of The Disposition of Nature: Environmental Crisis and World Literature“This brief but thought-provoking study challenges readers to view nature through a broad "constellation" . . . of historical and contemporary elements that illustrate the ways humans created a nature industry to reflect their interests rather than as something objectively natural.”—A. S. MacKinnon Choice“This book is an extraordinary curation of the relationship between the global nature industry and the postcolony. It embroiders seemingly unrelated moments and places them into a compelling whole, from the extinction of the mammoth and the ironies of a shopping bag promoting the plight of Africa’s wild dogs, to personal observations of queuing for water at Cape Town’s public fountain and the history of the Land Rover in South Africa.”—Jasmin Kirkbride Green Letters: Studies in EcocriticismTable of ContentsList of IllustrationsAcknowledgments1. The Nature Industry2. Nature in Fragments3. Living in the Subjunctive4. The Primitive Accumulation of Nature5. The Cult of the Wild6. Privatizing Nature7. Living at the End of NatureNotesReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisExplores literature and film about petroleum as a genre of world literature, focusing on the ubiquity of oil as well as the cultural response to petroleum in postcolonial states. Trade Review“This excellent collection not only provides an authoritative introduction to petrofiction’s key texts, conceptual debates, and critical methodologies but also extends the range and scope of that work. In their impressive expansion of the geographical ambit and theoretical concerns of oil fiction, particularly into the Global South, these essays offer new and hitherto underrealized perspectives. They are what the field has been waiting for.”—Graeme Macdonald,coauthor of Combined and Uneven Development: Toward a New Theory of World-Literature“Oil Fictions covers considerable ground in analyzing oil fiction as well as identifying new sensibilities associated with oil’s fantasy of progress and well-being.”—Sofia Ahlberg ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and EnvironmentTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgementsIntroduction: Reading Our Contemporary PetrosphereStacey Balkan and Swaralipi Nandi1. Petrofiction, RevisitedAmitav Ghosh2. Energy and Autonomy: Worker Struggles and the Evolution of Energy SystemsAshley Dawson3. Gendering Petrofiction: Energy, Imperialism, and Social ReproductionSharae Deckard4. Petrofeminism: Love in the Age of OilHelen Kapstein5. “We Are Pipeline People”: Nnedi Okorafor’s Ecocritical SpeculationsWendy W. Walters6. Petro-drama in the Niger Delta: Ben Binebai’s My Life in the Burning Creeks and Oil’s “Refuse of History”Henry Obi Ajumeze7. Documenting “Cheap Nature” in Amitav Ghosh’s The Glass Palace: A Petro-aesthetic CritiqueStacey Balkan8. Aestheticizing Absurd Extraction: Petro-capitalism in Deepak Unnikrishnan’s “In Mussafah Grew People”Swaralipi Nandi9. Petro-cosmopolitics: Oil and the Indian Ocean in Amitav Ghosh’s The Circle of Reason Micheal Angelo Rumore10. Xerodrome Lube: Cyclonic Geopoetics and Petropolytical War MachinesSimon Ryle11. Oil Gets Everywhere: Critical Representations of the Petroleum Industry in Spanish American LiteratureScott DeVries12. Conjectures on World Energy LiteratureImre Szeman13. Petrofiction as Stasis in Abdelrahman Munif’s Cities of Salt and Joseph O’Neill’s Netherland Corbin HidayMemoirs and Interviews14. Assessing the Veracity of the Gulf Dreams: An Interview with Author BenyaminMaya Vinai15. Testimonies from the Permian BasinKristen Figgins, Rebecca Babcock, and Sheena StiefAfterwordContributorsIndex

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Book SynopsisIn this book, longtime park visitor and professional geographer Bob O'Brien explores the National Park Service's attempt to achieve sustainabilitya balance that allows as many people as possible to visit a park that is kept in as natural a sTable of Contents Preface 1. Introduction 2. Nature of the System 3. History Case Study: Yellowstone National Park 4. Preserving the Parks from Commercial Use 5. External Threats Case Study: Grand Canyon National Park 6. Wilderness Case Study: Denali National Park 7. Wildlife 8. Visitation 9. Recreational Land Use Case Study: Canyonlands National Park 10. Care and Feeding of Visitors Case Study: Yosemite National Park 11. Administration, Politics, and Finance Case Study: Grand Teton National Park 12. Conclusions Notes Selected Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFor most of the past century, Humbug Valley, a forest-hemmed meadow sacred to the Mountain Maidu tribe, was in the grip of a utility company. Washington's White Salmon River was saddled with a fish-obstructing, inefficient dam, and the Timbisha Shoshone Homeland was unacknowledged within the boundaries of Death Valley National Park. Until people decided to reclaim them.In Reclaimers, Ana Maria Spagna drives an aging Buick up and down the long strip of West Coast mountain rangesthe Panamints, the Sierras, the Cascadesand alongside rivers to meet the people, many of them wise women, who persevered for decades with little hope of success to make changes happen. In uncovering their heroic stories, Spagna seeks a way for herself, and for all of us, to take back and to make right in a time of unsettling ecological change.Trade Review"Spagna’s enthusiasm for their dedication and causes is irresistible. Such struggles are the real deal, after all, and what reader wouldn’t cheer on these tenacious underdogs trying to remedy past damage? We’re blessed with opportunities to make a difference, the writing shows…The lessons of her journeys, those readers can glean from these pages, are ‘Do what you can. Hope without hope. Expect the unexpected." -- Irene Wanner * Seattle Times *"The most influential book I’ve read recently. . . . It’s not a typical story of adventure, but I found it absolutely motivating to get out and learn about our wild places, cherish them, and listen to the stories of people who call them home. It also makes very clear that adventure is not just found high up on a rock face or in a deep snowy couloir – the world is full of places to take risks and dive deep into, to be curious and ambitious and wild and bold." -- Jenny Abegg * Outdoor Research Verticulture blog *Table of ContentsPrologue: The Low Ground Part One | A Red-Lettered Sign 1. Homeland 2. Willkommen 3. Revisit 4. Remediation 5. Talk Talk Part Two | Face-to-Face 6. The Red Fox and the Tule Elk 7. Tending 8. Without an Invite 9. The Circle of Life 10. What Now? Part Three | When the Walls Come Tumbling Down 11. Unequivocal 12. She Who Watches 13. Bypass 14. Restored . . . Salvaged 15. Hope without Hope 16. No Difference at All Coda: The High Ground Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Altogether, Spawning Modern Fish succeeds resoundingly in its intentions...Because it addresses so many audiences effectively, Swanson’s study will help us realize one of multispecies ethnography’s hopes and promises. We can think with salmon toward how new, better, and more just relations among uneven arrangements of humans and nonhumans might be built." * H-Environment *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Altogether, Spawning Modern Fish succeeds resoundingly in its intentions...Because it addresses so many audiences effectively, Swanson’s study will help us realize one of multispecies ethnography’s hopes and promises. We can think with salmon toward how new, better, and more just relations among uneven arrangements of humans and nonhumans might be built." * H-Environment *

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Book SynopsisExamines the perspectives of artists, writers, native peoples and ecologists who recognized the beauty of the prairie. The text considers the connections between aesthetics and economics, landscape and culture, politics and ethics, as illustrated by the prairie in American civilization.

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Book SynopsisGoes to the heart of the unfolding reality of the twenty-first century: international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have all failed and before the end of the century Earth is projected to be warmer than it has been for 15 million years.Trade Review‘In his crystal-clear analysis Clive Hamilton warns against “Promethean recklessness” and calls for “utmost caution and deep reflection”. It’s depressing to realise what we have done and still want to do to our planet, but hope lies in thinkers such as Hamilton, if only we heed them before it’s too late.’—Tom Moriarty, Irish Times. -- Tom Moriarty * Irish Times *

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Book SynopsisConceptual Framework.- A Framework for Understanding Change.- Managing Ecosystems Sustainably: The Key Role of Resilience.- Livelihoods and Human Well-Being during Social-Ecological Change.- Adaptive Co-management in Social-Ecological Governance.- Transformations in Ecosystem Stewardship.- Stewarding Ecosystems for Society.- Conservation, Community, and Livelihoods: Sustaining, Renewing, and Adapting Cultural Connections to the Land.- Forest Systems: Living with Long-Term Change.- Drylands: Coping with Uncertainty, Thresholds, and Changes in State.- Freshwaters: Managing Across Scales in Space and Time.- Oceans and Estuaries: Managing the Commons.- Coastal Marine Systems: Conserving Fish and Sustaining Community Livelihoods with Co-management.- Managing Food Production Systems for Resilience.- Managing Densely Settled Social-Ecological Systems.- The Earth System: Sustaining Planetary Life-Support Systems.- Integration and Synthesis.- Resilience-Based Stewardship: Strategies for NavigatTrade ReviewFrom the reviews: “Throughout the work, chapter contributors link recent advances in the theory of resilience, sustainability, and vulnerability with practical issues related to the management of social-ecological systems. … This book introduces an intriguing new approach to the philosophy of resource management emphasizing proactive policies that shape change for sustainability, in contrast to current reactions to observed changes. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduate through professional collections.” (R. L. Smith, Choice, Vol. 47 (3), November, 2009)Table of Contents1. A Framework for Understanding Change 2. MAnaging Ecosystems Sustainably 3.Human vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience 4. Dynamics of integrated social-ecological systems 5. Conservation and livelihoods: Sustaining and restoring the cultural connections to land 7. Landscape stewardship: Discovering the missing connections to sustain vulnerable systems. 8. Forest systems: Living with long-term change. 9.Drylands: Coping with uncertainty, thresholds, and changes in state 10. Lakes and rivers: Managing connections across temporal and spatial scales 11. Oceans and estuaries: Managing the commons 12. Food production systems: integrating technology sustainably 13. Urban and suburban landscapes: Manging the built environment 14. Planet Earth: Sustaining the life support systems of the planet 15. Strategies for managing uncertainty and change 16. Summary and Synthesis

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Book SynopsisWe don’t often recognize the humble activity of cooking for the revolutionary cultural adaptation that it is. But when the hearth fires started burning in the Paleolithic, humankind broadened the exploitation of food and took one of several great leaps forward.

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Book SynopsisThis book is intended for use by natural resource managers and scientists, and students in the fields of natural resource management, ecology, and conservation biology, who are confronted with complex and difficult decision making problems. The book takes readers through the process of developing a structured approach to decision making, by firstly deconstructing decisions into component parts, which are each fully analyzed and then reassembled to form a working decision model. The book integrates common-sense ideas about problem definitions, such as the need for decisions to be driven by explicit objectives, with sophisticated approaches for modeling decision influence and incorporating feedback from monitoring programs into decision making via adaptive management. Numerous worked examples are provided for illustration, along with detailed case studies illustrating the authors' experience in applying structured approaches. There is also a series of detailed technical appendices. AnTrade Review“An easily readable and coherent account, this book has a definite role on the shelf (and its outline content in the minds) of conservation decision-makers and advisors.” (African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 1 October 2015) “This is one of the best resources on structured decision-making I have found – specifically tailored for those working in or studying in the fields of ecology, NRM, land management and conservation biology.” (Ecological Management & Restoration, 20 January 2015) “I highly recommend this book to resource managers, scientists, students, and anyone who faces difficult, complex, or uncertain decisions that would benefit from adopting a structured approach to decision making.” (The Journal of Wildlife Management, 8 November 2013) “I highly recommend the very results oriented and working model based book Decision Making in Natural Resource Management: A Structured, Adaptive Approach by Michael J. Conroy and James T. Peterson, to any natural resource managers, scientists, government policy makers, business leaders, conservation groups, and students of natural resource management, ecology, and conservation biology who are seeking a complete guide to structured and effective decision making in the area of natural resource management. This book will guide leaders toward better decisions, through a more integrated examination of the real problems to find viable and effective solutions.” (Blog Business World, 5 April 2013) Table of ContentsList of boxes xi Preface xiii Acknowledgements xiv Guide to using this book xv Companion website xvii PART I. INTRODUCTION TO DECISION MAKING 1 1 Introduction: Why a Structured Approach in Natural Resources? 3 The role of decision making in natural resource management 4 Common mistakes in framing decisions 5 What is structured decision making (SDM)? 6 Why should we use a structured approach to decision making? 7 Limitations of the structured approach to decision making 8 Adaptive resource management 9 Summary 10 References 10 2 Elements of Structured Decision Making 13 First steps: defining the decision problem 13 General procedures for structured decision making 15 Predictive modeling: linking decisions to objectives prospectively 17 Uncertainty and how it affects decision making 18 Dealing with uncertainty in decision making 21 Summary 23 References 23 3 Identifying and Quantifying Objectives in Natural Resource Management 24 Identifying objectives 24 Identifying fundamental and means objectives 25 Clarifying objectives 28 Separating objectives from science 29 Barriers to creative decision making 30 Types of fundamental objectives 32 Identifying decision alternatives 34 Quantifying objectives 38 Dealing with multiple objectives 38 Multi-attribute valuation 41 Utility functions 43 Other approaches 50 Additional considerations 52 Decision, objectives, and predictive modeling 55 References 55 4 Working with Stakeholders in Natural Resource Management 57 Stakeholders and natural resource decision making 57 Stakeholder analysis 59 Stakeholder governance 62 Working with stakeholders 68 Characteristics of good facilitators 68 Getting at stakeholder values 71 Stakeholder meetings 72 The first workshop 74 References 76 Additional reading 76 PART II. TOOLS FOR DECISION MAKING AND ANALYSIS 77 5 Statistics and Decision Making 79 Basic statistical ideas and terminology 80 Using data in statistical models for description and prediction 100 Linear models 104 Hierarchical models 116 Bayesian inference 129 Resampling and simulation methods 140 Statistical significance 145 References 146 Additional reading 146 6 Modeling the Influence of Decisions 147 Structuring decisions 147 Influence diagrams 148 Frequent mistakes when structuring decisions 153 Defining node states 157 Decision trees 159 Solving a decision model 160 Conditional independence and modularity 164 Parameterizing decision models 165 Elicitation of expert judgment 179 Quantifying uncertainty in expert judgment 188 Group elicitation 189 The care and handling of experts 190 References 191 Additional reading 191 7 Identifying and Reducing Uncertainty in Decision Making 192 Types of uncertainty 192 Irreducible uncertainty 193 Reducible uncertainty 194 Effects of uncertainty on decision making 197 Sensitivity analysis 203 Value of information 217 Reducing uncertainty 220 References 230 Additional reading 231 8 Methods for Obtaining Optimal Decisions 232 Overview of optimization 233 Factors affecting optimization 234 Multiple attribute objectives and constrained optimization 239 Dynamic decisions 246 Optimization under uncertainty 249 Analysis of the decision problem 253 Suboptimal decisions and “satisficing” 256 Other problems 257 Summary 258 References 258 PART III. APPLICATIONS 261 9 Case Studies 263 Case study 1 Adaptive Harvest Management of American Black Ducks 263 Case study 2 Management of Water Resources in the Southeastern US 276 Case study 3 Regulation of Largemouth Bass Sport Fishery in Georgia 284 Summary 291 References 291 10 Summary, Lessons Learned, and Recommendations 294 Summary 294 Lessons learned 294 Structured decision making for Hector’s Dolphin conservation 295 Landowner incentives for conservation of early successional habitats in Georgia 298 Cahaba shiner 299 Other lessons 303 References 304 PART IV. APPENDICES 307 Appendix A Probability and Distributional Relationships 309 Probability axioms 309 Conditional probability 309 Conditional independence 310 Expected value of random variables 311 Law of total probability 311 Bayes’ theorem 312 Distribution moments 313 Sample moments 316 Additional reading 316 Appendix B Common Statistical Distributions 317 General distribution characteristics 317 Continuous distributions 320 Discrete distributions 329 Reference 338 Additional Reading 338 Appendix C Methods for Statistical Estimation 339 General principles of estimation 339 Method of moments 342 Least squares 343 Maximum likelihood 346 Bayesian approaches 353 References 372 Appendix D Parsimony, Prediction, and Multi-Model Inference 373 General approaches to multi-model inference 373 Multi-model inference and model averaging 376 Multi-model Bayesian inference 380 References 383 Appendix E Mathematical Approaches to Optimization 384 Review of general optimization principles 385 Classical programming 392 Nonlinear programming 397 Linear programming 399 Dynamic decision problems 402 Decision making under structural uncertainty 419 Generalizations of Markov decision processes 427 Heuristic methods 427 References 429 Appendix F Guide to Software 430 Appendix G Electronic Companion to Book 432 Glossary 433 Index 449

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Book SynopsisConsidering peatlands as a whole ecosystem, Peatland Systems and Environmental Change provides a unique, timely look at the consequences of the functioning of peatlands to the paleoenvironmental record, carbon cycling, and conservation issues.Trade Review"...an ideal introduction to peatlands..." (Journal of Soils &Sediments, Vol.2, No.3, 2002) "...a welcome and timely addition..." (Land Degradation andDevelopment, November/December 2002) "...a comprehensive summary of peatland science...it willbroaden specialists' and students' knowledge..." (InternationalJournal of Environment Studies, Vol.60, No.2, 2003) "...certainly a book that should be on the shelves of allpeatland researchers..." (Environmental Conservation, Vol.30,No.1, 2003) ...."Overall, this is an outstanding book. Peatlands and Environmental Change is very highlyrecommended both for personal and library use, and should be on arange of reading lists...." (The Holocene,July 2003) ..."All in all this is a very good and well produced book.... and will become a widely cited reference text ..." (EarthSurface Processes & Landforms, Spetember 2003)Table of ContentsPreface and acknowledgements ix Part 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Peat and Peatlands 3 1.1 Introduction: wetlands and peatlands 3 1.2 Peat and peatland definitions and terminology 3 1.3 Scientific classification systems 5 1.4 Fens and bogs: a key concept 6 1.5 Hydromorphological peatland classification 7 1.6 Mire distribution 15 1.7 Summary 23 Chapter 2 Peat Landforms and Structure 24 2.1 Introduction: peat landforms 24 2.2 Landform development: form, process and time 24 2.3 Description of peat landforms 26 2.4 Landform survey techniques 28 2.5 Peat landform survey: an example from Scotland 32 2.6 Hydrology and peat landforms: the groundwater mound hypothesis 35 2.7 Summary 38 Part 2 Peat land Processes 39 Chapter 3 Peatland Hydrology and Ecology 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Hydrology and water balance 41 3.3 Water movement within peatlands 43 3.4 Outflows 44 3.5 Hydrochemistry 51 3.6 Chemical processes within peatlands 53 3.7 Ecology and ecohydrology 57 3.8 Limiting factors for plants and animals 57 3.9 Environmental gradients 60 3.10 Summary 72 Chapter 4 Origins and PeatInitiation 73 4.1 Introduction: time and peat growth 73 4.2 Frameworks for peat growth 73 4.3 Pathways to peal growth: terrestrialisation and paludification 74 4.4 Evidence for the origins of peatlands 74 4.5 Examples of peat initiation 80 4.6 Blanket mire initiation in the British Isles 80 4.7 Causes of paludification in other mires 84 4.8 Human impact as a cause of peat growth in other peatlands 86 4.9 Tropical peat initiation 87 4.10 Beavers and peat initiation 90 4.11 Summary 91 Chapter 5 Peat Accumulation 92 5.1 Introduction 92 5.2 Peatland cycles one peat accumulation 92 5.3 Productivity 94 5.4 Decay 100 5.5 Models of peat accumulation 104 5.6 Variability in long-term accumulation rates 110 5.7 Summary 113 Part 3 Changes in Peat lands 115 Chapter 6 The Peatland Archive Palaeoenvironmental Evidence 117 6.1 Introduction 117 6.2 The range of evidence and some general principles 117 6.3 Reasons for Palaeoenvironmental studies on peatlands 120 6.4 Measuring time peatland chronologies 121 6.5 Survey and stratigraphy 129 6.6 Biological evidence of past changes 130 6.7 Physical and chemical characteristics 137 6.8 Multi-proxy approaches 141 6.9 Summary 141 Chapter 7 Autogenic Change 143 7.1 Introduction: long-term change 143 7.2 Autogenic anti allogenic causes of change 143 7.3 Hydroseral succession 145 7.4 Reversals and other successions 149 7.5 Processes of terrestrialisation and the transition to bog peat 150 7.6 Lateral expansion and the development of peal land landscapes 153 7.7 ‘Mature’ peatlands and erosion 155 7.8 Cyclic regeneration 156 7.9 Pattern development 156 7.10 Plant-mediated changes 161 7.11 Physical processes in cold climate peatlands 164 7.12 Summary 165 Chapter 8 Allogenic Change 166 8.1 Introduction 166 8.2 Climate 166 8.3 Fire 169 8.4 Hydrological factors 173 8.5 Volcanic influences 175 8.6 Climate reconstruction from peat 176 8.7 Summary 133 Chapter 9 Peatland-Environment Feedbacks 184 9.1 Introduction 184 9.2 Catchment hydrology 184 9.3 Water quality 186 9.4 Peatlands and global climate 192 9.5 Carbon budgets and gas exchange 194 9.6 Impacts of management and climate change on carbon cycling 198 9.7 Summary 203 Part 4 Resource Management 205 Chapter 10 Values Exploitation and Human Impacts 207 10.1 Introduction: peatland values 207 10.2 Economic values mid exploitation 207 10.3 Wildlife conservation values 209 10.4 Functional values 210 10.5 Value to society 210 10.6 Conservation and ‘wise use’ of peatlands 210 10.7 Impacts of recent human disturbance: drainage as a key process 212 10.8 Peat extraction 214 10.9 Forestry 219 10.10 Agricultural reclamation 225 10.11 Effects of fragmentation 225 10.12 Pollution 227 10.13 Recreation and other disturbance 229 10.14 Long-term anthropogenic disturbance 229 10.15 Summary 230 Chapter 11 Conservation Management and Restoration 231 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 Naturalness disturbance and conservation 231 11.3 Management options for disturbed peatlands 233 11.4 Semi-natural peatlands habitat management 234 11.5 Restoration and rehabilitation 242 11.6 Restoration of cutover ombrotrophic mires 244 11.7 Restoring other damaged systems 253 11.8 The future for peatlands in the twenty-first century 255 References 258 Index 289

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Book SynopsisOffers a comprehensive depository of information relating to the scientific and technological aspects of Shale Gas and Alternative Energy. This book includes practical applications of existing technologies, from design to operating and troubleshooting. It is suitable for student looking for practical and applied energy information.Trade Review"As a reliable and current reference book, the 912-page Encyclopedia of Alternative Energy and Shale Gas contains a total of 76 articles [and] covers multiple important alternate energy and renewable energy sources and shale gas topics.... The book... has great value as a current energy reference book in public and university libraries, as well as on the bookshelves of those interested in getting a quick overview of alternate energy sources and shale gas." (The Professional Geologist, 23/01/2017) "Overall the book has a lot of information, some of it of interest to the public and politicians and some of it of interest to engineers. For both groups, this is a useful source of information. The articles have full bibliographies so topics can be taken further." (John Goodier, Reference Reviews, Vol 31, No 3)Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION: ENERGY DRIVES EVERYTHINGHoward C. Hayden xi LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xxv PART I WIND 1 Acceptance of Wind Power: An Introduction to Drivers and Solutions 3Jacob Ladenburg 2 Wind Power Forecasting Techniques 10Michael Negnevitsky 3 Maximizing the Loading inWind Turbine Plants: (A) The Betz Limit, (B) Ducting the Turbine 20D. P. Georgiou and N. G. Theodoropoulos 4 Modeling Wind Turbine Wakes for Wind Farms 28Angus C. W. Creech and Wolf-Gerrit Fr¨uh 5 Fatigue Failure inWind Turbine Blades 52Juan C. Marin, Alberto Barroso, Federico Paris, and Jose Canas 6 Floating Wind Turbines: The New Wave in Offshore Wind Power 69Antoine Peiffer and Dominique Roddier 7 Wind Power—Aeole Turns Marine 80Roger H. Charlier and Alexandre C. Thys 8 Impacts of Wind Farms on Weather and Climate at Local and Global Scales 88Justin J. Traiteur and Somnath Baidya Roy 9 Power Curves and Turbulent Flow Characteristics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines 104Kevin Pope and Greg F. Naterer 10 Windmill Brake State Models Used in Predicting Wind Turbine Performance 116Panu Pratumnopharat and Pak Sing Leung 11 Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines and Associated Phenomena 120Petar Sarajcev 12 Wind Turbine Wake Modeling—Possibilities with Actuator Line/Disc Approaches 141Stefan Ivanell and Robert Mikkelsen 13 Random Cascade Model for Surface Wind Speed 153R. Baile and J. F. Muzy 14 Wind Power Budget 163Hugo Abi Karam 15 Identification ofWind Turbines in Closed-Loop Operation in the Presence of Three-Dimensional Turbulence Wind Speed: Torque Demand to Measured Generator Speed Loop 169Mikel Iribas-Latour and Ion-Dor´e Landau 16 Identification in Closed-Loop Operation of Models for Collective Pitch Robust Controller Design 180Mikel Iribas-Latour and Ion-Dore Landau 17 Wind Basics—Energy from Moving Air 194 18 Wind—Chronological Development 201 PART II SOLAR 19 Solar Air Conditioning 205Winston Garcia-Gabin and Darine Zambrano 20 Energy Performance of Hybrid Cogeneration Versus Side-by-Side Solar Water Heating and Photovoltaic for Subtropical Building Application 212Tin-Tin Chow, Ka-Kui Tse, and Norman Tse 21 Polycrystalline Silicon for Thin Film Solar Cells 226Nicolas Budini, Roberto D. Arce, Roman H. Buitrago, and Javier A. Schmidt 22 Solar Basics – Energy from the Sun 233 23 NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Solar-Power Research 241 24 Solar Thermal – Chronological Development 247 25 Photovoltaic – Chronological Development 249 PART III GEOTHERMAL 26 Geothermal: History, Classification, and Utilization for Power Generation 253Mathew C. Aneke and Mathew C. Menkiti 27 Enhanced Geothermal Systems 265Rosemarie Mohais, Choashui Xu, Peter A. Dowd, and Martin Hand 28 Thermodynamic Analysis of Geothermal Power Plants 290Mehmet Kanoglu and Ali Bolatturk 29 Sustainability Assessment of Geothermal Power Generation 301Annette Evans, Vladimir Strezov, and Tim J. Evans 30 Geothermal Energy and Organic Rankine Cycle Machines 310Bertrand F. Tchanche 31 Low Temperature Geothermal Energy: Geospatial and Economic Indicators 318Alberto Gemelli, Adriano Mancini, and Sauro Longhi 32 Dry Cooling Towers for Geothermal Power Plants 333Zhiqiang Guan, Kamel Hooman, and Hal Gurgenci 33 Thermal Storage 350Marc A. Rosen 34 Shallow Geothermal Systems: Computational Challenges and Possibilities 368Rafid Al-Khoury 35 Geothermal Basics—What is Geothermal Energy? 390 36 Geothermal—Chronologic Development 394 PART IV HYDROPOWER 37 Sustainability of Hydropower 399Joerg Hartmann 38 Environmental Issues Related to Conventional Hydropower 404Zhiqun Daniel Deng, Alison H. Colotelo, Richard S. Brown, and Thomas J. Carlson 39 Social Issues Related to Hydropower 410Joerg Hartmann 40 Safety in Hydropower Development and Operation 413Urban Kjellen 41 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage 423John P. Deane and Brian O’Gallachoir 42 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Hydroelectric Dams in Tropical Forests 426Philip M. Fearnside 43 Physical and Multidimensional Numeric Hydraulic Modeling of Hydropower Systems and Rivers 437Timothy C. Sassaman and Daniel Gessler 44 Experimental and Numerical Modeling Tools for Conventional Hydropower Systems 448Zhiqun Daniel Deng, Thomas J. Carlson, Gene R. Ploskey, Richard S. Brown, Gary E. Johnson, and Alison H. A. Colotelo 45 The State of Art on Large Cavern Design for Underground Powerhouses and Some Long-Term Issues 465Omer Aydan 46 Hydroelectric Power for the Nation 488 47 Hydropower Basics—Energy from Moving Water 492 48 Hydropower—Chronologic Development 497 PART V BATTERIES AND FUEL CELLS 49 Fuel Cell Control 501Winston Garcia-Gabin and Darine Zambrano 50 Recent Trends in the Development of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems 509Amornchai Arpornwichanop and Suthida Authayanun 51 Integrated Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems for Electrical Power Generation—A Review 526Suttichai Assabumrungrat, Amornchai Arpornwichanop, Vorachatra Sukwattanajaroon, and Dang Saebea 52 Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Secondary Batteries 547Fiona M. Gray and Michael J. Smith 53 Recycling and Disposal of Battery Materials 566Michael J. Smith and Fiona M. Gray 54 AC OR DC 578M. Aram Azadpour PART VI RENEWABLE ENERGY CONCEPTS 55 Will Renewables Cut Carbon Dioxide Emissions Substantially? 581Herbert Inhaber 56 The Concept of Base-Load Power 585Mark Diesendorf 57 Tidal Power Harnessing 590Roger H. Charlier 58 The Loading ofWater Current Turbines: The Betz Limit and Ducted Turbines 601D. P. Georgiou and N. G. Theodoropoulos 59 Bottled Gas as Household Energy 606Masami Kojima 60 Exergy Analysis: Theory and Applications 628Marc A. Rosen 61 Global Transport Energy Consumption 651Patrick Moriarty and Damon Honnery 62 Biomass: Renewable Energy from Plants and Animals 657 63 Planting and Managing Switchgrass as a Biomass Energy Crop 663 64 Municipal SolidWaste—Chronological Development 675 65 Ethanol—Chronological Development 677 66 Thermal Properties of Methane Hydrate by Experiment and Modeling and Impacts Upon Technology 680Robert P. Warzinski, Isaac K. Gamwo, Eilis J. Rosenbaum, Evgeniy M. Myshakin, Hao Jiang, Kenneth D. Jordan, Niall J. English, and David W. Shaw (Public Domain) PART VII SHALE GAS 67 Shale Gas Will Rock theWorld 689Amy Myers Jaffe 68 What is Shale Gas? 692Energy Information Administration (Public Domain) 69 Directional and Horizontal Drilling in Oil and Gas Wells 695Public Domain 70 Hydraulic Fracturing of Oil and Gas Wells Drilled in Shale 697Public Domain 71 Hydraulic Fracturing: A Game-Changer for Energy and Economies 700Isaac Orr 72 Zero Discharge Water Management for Horizontal Shale Gas Well Development 720West Virginia Water Research Institute (Public Domain) 73 About Oil Shale—What is Oil Shale? 723Public Domain 74 Natural Gas Basics—How Was Natural Gas Formed? 725Public Domain 75 Natural Gas—Chronological Development 732Public Domain 76 Energy Mineral Division of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Shale Gas and Liquids Committee Annual Report, FY 2014 734Neil S. Fishman, Chair INDEX 857

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Book Synopsis"an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.Table of ContentsPreface viii Chapter One Wilderness and the American West 1 Chapter Two History and Management of Wilderness 20 Chapter Three Ecosystem Management and Beyond 35 Chapter Four What About Native Americans and Their Lands 52 Chapter Five Why Not See Off America’s Wildlands? 72 Chapter Six How Does the American Public Want Wilderness Managed? 91 Chapter Seven Wilderness and the Communities of the American West 104 Chapter Eight Wilderness and Economies of the Old and New West 123 Chapter Nine “It’s My West, Not Yours” 143 Chapter Ten Future Directions for Wilderness 173 Notes 195 Index 215

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Book SynopsisWith the decline in rural population from forty percent at the turn of the century, to about 4 percent now, many small towns have been virtually depopulated. However, some communities are planning and taking action to assure their development in sustainable ways.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: RURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FRAMEWORKS AND UNDERPINNINGS. Rural Sustainable Development: A Postmodern Alternative (I.Audirac). Sustainable Community Development: A Systems Approach (D. Chiras& J. Herman). RURAL DIVERSITY AND DIVERSITY OF APPROACHES TO COMMUNITYSUSTAINABILITY. Still Life on the Plains: Strategies for Sustainable Communities(J. Luther). Community-Based Workshops: Building a Partnership for CommunityVitality (J. Segedy). ASSESSING THE ALTERNATIVES. Greenways, Trails, and Rural Sustainability (E. Starnes, etal.). Economic Analysis of Leaf Management Alternatives for LocalGovernment (D. Derr & P. Dhillon). About the Authors. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers forest mensuration--the process of counting, measuring, and estimating the economic value of a stand of trees. This process also involves measuring non-timber, landscape values such as soils, wildlife habitat, and hydrology.Table of ContentsCONTEXT. Landscape Components. ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT. Geology. Soil. Climate. Hydrology. BIOTIC RESOURCES. Vegetative Community. Forest Overstory. Wildlife Resources. SOCIAL CONTEXT. Legal and Regulatory Environment. Recreation and Aesthetics. Prehistoric and Historic Land Use. INTEGRATION AND SYNTHESIS. Geographic Information Systems. Integrated Environmental Assessment. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION. Basic Statistical Sampling Methods. Appendices. References. Index.

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