Environmental economics Books

Book SynopsisThis open access book examines the transition to sustainable energy systems in emerging cities. Experts from around the world present case studies from different countries and discuss efforts were needed for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The authors look into the issue of environment vs. economics and discuss the question of whether the energy transition goal can conflict with other development goals such as decent work and economic growth. Furthermore, innovation in energy transition is introduced, both in technology and citizens’ engagement. The book presents the latest developments on energy access and transition to sustainability throughout the overall value chain: from basic research in universities to documentation of lessons learned in the field. The empirical evidence presented makes this book appealing to scholars in the field of energy sustainability as well as to policy-makers and energy service companies.Table of ContentsSustainable Energy Access for Sustainable Communities – Introduction by a Social Scientist.- Local Dimensions of Sustainable Energy Governance: Case Study.- Can Municipalities Lead the Energy Transition? On Available Policy, Competences and Requirements for Action.- Local Action for Energy Sustainability: A Review of Policies’ Impact.- Techno-Economic Assessment of Renewable Energy Potential in Cities: Case Studies of Solar Photovoltaic, Waste-To-Energy and Wind Energy.- Management of Intermittent Solar and Wind Energy Resources: Storage and Grid Stabilization.- Modelling Sustainable Energy Transition for Cities: Case Studies of LEAP, ENPEP-BALANCE, and Moces.- Hidden Costs of Decarbonizing Utility Generation: Investment on Grid Stability & Contribution of Renewable Energies.- Democratization of Energy Planning: On a New Planning Tool Tailored to the Needs of Developing Countries.- Innovation for the Better: How Renewable Energy Technologies Improve Living Standard.- Energy Potential of Crop Residues in Senegal: Technology Solutions for Valorization.- Energy in Development Objectives: How the Energy Ecological Footprint Affect Development Indicators?.- Electricity Consumption in Working-Class Districts: Case Studies of Grand Yoff and Grand Dakar.- Cookinations: Mechanisms to Decouple Wood Production and Food Preparation in Sub-Urban Areas.- Citizen Awareness of the Social Dimension of Energy: Lessons From a Survey in Dakar.

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Book SynopsisThis open access handbook is distinguished by its emphasis on international energy, rather than domestic energy policies or international geopolitic aspects. Addressing key topics such as energy production and distribution, renewables and corporate energy structures, alongside global energy trends, regional case studies and emerging areas such as the digitalization of energy and energy transition, this handbook provides a major new contribution to the field of international energy economics. Written by academics, practitioners and policy-makers, this handbook is a valuable and timely addition to the literature on international energy economics. This book was published open access with the support of Eni. Table of ContentsIntroduction1. Part 1: Economics of energy production and distribution1.1. Economics of oil and gas production - Nadine Bret-Rouzeaut (SciencesPo, France) - Relative cost of exploration and development under different conditions (onshore, offshore, unconventional). Evaluation of upstream projects. Sensitivity to price changes.1.2. Economics of oil tanker transportation - TBC - Cyclicality of tanker business. Main determinants of tanker cost. Cost of transporting oil over long distances. Implications for arbitrage.1.3. Economics of gas transportation by pipeline or LNG - Manfred Hafner (IFP School, Switzerland) - Cost determinants of long-distance pipelines. Implications for cost of transport of gas over long distance. Implications for gas supply contracts and price discovery. Determinants of cost of LNG plants and cost of transport by tanker.1.4. Economics of oil refining - Jean-Pierre Favennec (IFP School, Switzerland) - Determinants of refinery cost and competitiveness. Complexity and oil quality. Implications of shifting patterns of products consumption and refinery localization.1.5. Economics of biofuels - Adam Brown, International Energy Agency - Types of biofuels, respective cost structures, international trade in biomass/biofuels.1.6. Economics of power generation - Arash Farnoush (IFP School, Switzerland) or Martin Everts (Head of Energy Economics at AxPo Holding AG, Switzerland) and/or Eicke Bluhme-Werri (AxPo Holding AG, Switzerland) - Alternative technologies for power generation and their respective key economic characteristics (CAPEX, OPEX, dispatchability, flexibility, location constraints, etc.)1.6.1. Coal and oil-based generation1.6.2. Gas-based generation (OCGT/CCGT)1.6.3. Nuclear generation (including SMRs)1.6.4. Hydropower (different forms)1.6.5. Solar energy1.6.6. Wind energy1.6.7. Other renewables1.7. Economics of energy networks - Andrea Bonzanni (SciencesPo, France) - Gas and electricity as network-based energy sources. Cost of network, natural monopoly, TPA, regulation, tarification, hubs.1.8. Economics of energy storage – TBC - Which energies can be stored and to what extent. Cost and revenue opportunities of storage. Storage and security of supply1.9. Financing of energy investment – TBC - Different financial models normally adopted to finance different energy investment projects: equity/debt ratios, project financing, risk, investors’ profiles.2. Part 2: Economics of energy trading and price discovery2.1. International trade in energy in the context of globalization - Giacomo Luciani, (SciencesPo, France) - Importance of energy products in the context of global trade; potential evolution in light of energy transition and income growth at the global level2.2. The trading and price discovery for crude oils - Giacomo Luciani or Bassam Fattouh (Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, UK) or Liz Bossley (CEO, Consilience Energy Advisory Group Ltd, UK) - The structure and functioning of the global oil market, physical and paper. Issues of financialization and volatility. Price makers and price takers.2.3. The trading and price discovery for oil products - Liz Bossley (CEO, Consilience Energy Advisory Group Ltd, UK) - The structure and functioning of markets for petroleum products. Major contracts and derivatives, opportunities for hedging, influence of products on crude oil prices2.4. The trading and price discovery for natural gas - Manfred Hafner (IFP School, Switzerland) - Alternative price discovery mechanisms, their respective rationale and evolving importance of each for pipeline gas and LNG2.5. The trading and price discovery for coal - Sylvie Cornot-Gandolphe (Oxofrd Institute for Energy Studies) or Jan Beckaert - Different coal qualities and price discovery tools. Major contracts. Price makers.2.6. The trading and price discovery for biofuels - major existing biofuels markets: ethanol and biodiesel. Major markets (Ethanol: US and Brazil; biodiesel: EU). Competition with food chain. Subsidies and their implications on trading. Arbitrage between different potential uses of biomass.2.7. The trading of electricity - Eleanor Morrison (London Financial Studies) and/or Philippe Vassilopoulos (Cambridge University) - Structures of major liberalized power markets. Main traded contracts. Impact of variable renewables on market based on marginal cost. Capacity markets.2.8. The trading of carbon - Alfred Evans (Climate Change Capital Ltd) or Eleanor Morrison (London Financial Studies) - The rationale for ETSs and the various implementations of the concept. The experience of the EU ETS and its ongoing evolution.3. Part 3: Corporate energy structures3.1. Determinants of vertical integration in energy – TBC - What is the rationale for vertical integration in the energy industry and does it stand to critical evaluation?3.2. Unbundling, markets and regulation - Eleanor Morrison (London Financial Studies) - Breaking up vertically integrated incumbent monopolies and enforcing competition through regulation: alternative approaches3.3. Energy companies: sensible conglomerates? – TBC - Does an energy conglomerate make more sense than conglomerates in general? Is there an advantage in simultaneously investing in several forms of energy?3.4. Energy (power) decentralization and the future of networks - TBC - Decentralization of power generation may either mean an enhanced role for network or their erosion, possibly implosion. Cost/benefit of extended networks3.5. Energy corporate governance - John Gault (former Chief Economist of the International Energy Development Corporation, US) - Dialectic of major stakeholders in shaping energy investment decisions. Corporate responsibility, transparency, corruption3.6. The impact of digitalization - TBC - From the digital well to blockchain, and issues of cyber security: cost/benefit of digitalization4. Part 4: Global energy trends4.1. Energy scenarios: comparative analysis of black boxes - Manfred Hafner (IFP School, Switzerland) - Comparing the methodology, assumptions and results of major scenarios from industry, international organizations, individual governments and NGOs4.2. Disruptive technologies - Fabio Genoese (Centre for European Policy Studies, Belgium) - Technologies having the potential of radically changing our understanding of energy futures4.3. Drivers of energy demand - TBC - Opportunities for energy saving and economic obstacles to their realization4.3.1. Energy demand for buildings4.3.2. Energy demand for industry4.3.3. Energy demand for transportation5. Part 5: The trilemma and economics of tradeoffs5.1. Internalizing externalities: market vs. regulatory approaches to decarbonisation – TBC - GHG emissions as market failure: can the cost be effectively internalized? Carbon tax vs. ETSs. Regulation undermines market approaches5.2. Market solutions to security of supply - Giacomo Luciani (SciencesPo, France) - Security of supply has a cost and the final consumer should be able to decide how much security he wants. How can the cost of security be transferred to the final consumer?5.3. Energy subsidies - TBC - Mapping widespread subsidization of energy products and the debate on their validity5.4. Economics of access to energy - What economic obstacles prevent 1.2 billion people from having access to modern commercial energy? and policies/approaches to overcome the same6. Part 6: Energy and the economy - Energy models differ very significantly across regions. This group of chapters will discuss the interplay of energy supply/demand and economic development with an emphasis on how issues of access and decarbonization opportunities affect each region.6.1. Energy and the economy in China6.2. Energy and the economy in India - Dagmar Graczyk (International Energy Agency)6.3. Energy and the economy in Sub Saharan Africa – Philippe Copinschi (SciencesPo)6.4. Energy and the economy in Latin America - TBC6.5. Energy and the economy in the Middle East and North Africa - TBC6.6. Energy and the economy in Russia - Tatiana Mitrova (Russian Academy of Sciences)6.7. Energy and the economy in North America - TBC6.8. Energy and the economy in Europe - TBC

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Book SynopsisThis open access book uses an interdisciplinary approach that not only focuses on social organization but also analyzes how societies and ecological settings were interwoven. How did early modern indigenous Sami inhabitants in interior northwest Fennoscandia build institutions for governance of natural resources? The book answers this question by exploring how they made decisions regarding natural resource management, mainly with regard to wild game, fish, and grazing land and illuminate how Sami users, in a changing economy, altered the long-term rules for use of land and water in a self-governance context. The early modern period was a transforming phase of property rights due to fundamental changes in Sami economy: from an economy based on fishing and hunting to an economy where reindeer pastoralism became the main occupation for many Sami. The book gives a new portrayal of how proficiently and systematically indigenous inhabitants organized and governed natural assets and how capable they were in building highly functioning institutions for governance.Trade Review“The book by Jesper Larsson and Eva-Lotta Päiviö Sjaunja is really fascinating and a definite must-read for anyone interested in the history of reindeer pastoralism and, may be, pastoralism in general.” (Kirill V. Istomin, Pastoralism, June 8, 2022)Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction, Framework, Methods and Starting Points.- Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: Linking long-term changes in socioecological systems with the development of property rights.- Chapter 3: Methods and staring points.- Chapter 4: Important variables.- Part II: Land Use, Livelihood and Ecological Settings.- Chapter 5: Fishing.- Chapter 6: Hunting.- Chapter 7: Reindeer husbandry.- Chapter 8: Other.- Part III: Synthesis.- Chapter 9: From private to common – coevolution of land-use practices and property rights.- Chapter 10: Early modern self-governance and colonial structures – the current state of affairs.

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Book SynopsisIn order to manage the transition towards a sustainable future electricity system, an in-depth understanding of the key technological, economic, environmental and societal drivers for electricity markets is required. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, this textbook provides an overview of these drivers and introduces readers to major economic models and empirical evidence for the study of electricity markets and systems. Readers will learn about electricity generation, demand, transport, and storage, as well as the fundamentals of grid and electricity markets in Europe. By introducing them to state-of-the-art models from operations research and economics, the book provides a solid basis for analytical insights and numerical modeling. Furthermore, the book discusses the policy instruments and design choices for electricity market regulation and sustainable power system development, as well as the current challenges for smart energy systems.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Fundamentals of Energy and Power Systems.- Energy Demand.- Electricity Generation and Operational Planning.- Electricity Transport and Storage.- Regulation: Grids and Environment.- Simple Electricity Market Equilibrium Models.- Markets: Organisation, Trading and Efficiency.- Imperfect Competition and Market Power.- Electricity Markets in Europe.- Valuing Flexibilities in Power Systems as Optionalities.- Moving Towards Sustainable Electricity Systems.

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Book SynopsisCohesion policy for economic resilience in eastern members of the European Union in the context of geopolitics.- Measuring the financial resilience of sectoral indices: an analysis of financial crises in Turkey.- A social network analysis of certain macroeconomic indicators of European Union NUTS 2 regions.- Assessing sustainable competitiveness of Balkan economies using the entropy-based Promethee method.- Building resilience in the service industry: a study on non-conformities typology in logistics.- Aligning Management and Employee Perspectives: A Key to Organizational Resilience in Uncertain Times.- Digital indicators for the evaluation of the organizational development: American and Finnish methodologies.- Sustainability in the packaging industry. A small step for one - a huge contribution to the economy.- Advancing sustainable development in central and eastern Europe: the interplay of environment, energy, and economy.- EU membership and institutional governance in advancing climate change mitigation: a comparative analysis of the Balkan economies.- Smart grid ETFs: evaluating risk, return, and diversification benefits in sustainable investment portfolios.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Changing patterns of income growth.- Chapter 3. Welfare and environmental performances.- Chapter 4. Changing consumption and technologies.- Chapter 5. Acceleration of sustainable innovations.- Chapter 6. Towards sustainable development goals.- Chapter 7. Mechanisms and policies for progress.- Chapter 8. Literature.- Chapter 9.- Index.- Chapter 10. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThis book uses the metaphor “The economy is society's metabolism” as a springboard to develop a rigorous theoretical framework for a better system of national accounts which goes “Beyond GDP” and is relevant to the age of resource depletion. Society is entering a new era in which biophysical limits related to natural resource extraction rates and the biosphere's waste assimilation capacity are becoming binding constraints on mature economies. Unfortunately, the data needed for policy-makers to understand and manage economic growth in this new era are not universally available. All stakeholders need a new way to understand our economy in the context of the biosphere’s ability to provide essential natural capital, and we suggest that detailed information about materials, energy, embodied energy, and energy intensity should be routinely gathered, analyzed, and disseminated from a centralized location to provide markets and policymakers with a more comprehensive understanding of the biophysical economy. However, a firm theoretical foundation is needed before proceeding along this new path, which this book is intended to provide.After arguing that the stock of manufactured capital is an important driver of material and energy demands imposed upon the biosphere, a new accounting framework is derived from the laws of thermodynamics to reflect the fact that material and embodied energy accumulate within the capital stock of economic sectors. This framework extends the Energy Input-Output (EI-O) techniques first developed by Bullard, Herendeen, and others to estimate energy intensity of economic products. Implications from the new framework are discussed, including the value of economic metrics for policy-making, the need for physically-based rather than product-based EI-O formulations, a re-assessment of the concept of economic “growth,” and an evaluation of recycling, reuse, and dematerialization. The framework also provides an opportunity to assess an array of definitions for Daly's “steady-state economy” in relation to the ideal of a sustainable economy.The book ends with a list of steps to be taken in creating a more comprehensive system of national accounts: National accounting agencies worldwide should develop and maintain balance sheets of both natural and manufactured capital in addition to national income statements All stocks and inter-sector flows should be provided in physical as well as financial units In the US, the Bureau for Economic Analysis (BEA) should restart detailed Capital, Labor, Energy, Material, and Services (KLEMS) reporting National accounting agencies should routinely estimate the energy intensity of economic products, and all of the above should be estimated and disseminated on an annual basis. Trade Review"The authors make a fundamental advance in economic thought, one that also provides a policy tool. They sharpen the concept of economic metabolism with a detailed analytical accounting of the metabolic flow from nature through the economy and back to nature, with attention to the different roles of stocks and flows, matter, energy, and value. They carefully distinguish value added from that to which value is added. The book is scholarly, well referenced, and full of insights. Highly recommended!"-Herman Daly, Emeritus Professor, School of Public Policy, University of Maryland"Heun, Dale, and Haney present a powerful and insightful overview of our economic system and how GDP is connected to biological and physical systems at the extractive interface (agriculture and mining sectors). It begins with a rigorous analytical framework that tracks the flows of materials, energy, and embodied energy to characterize the "footprints" we leave on the planet as our lifestyles "consume" the various components of GDP. The book's major contribution is to show how the incomplete national accounting data systematically underestimates the impact of these footprints, especially during rapid energy infrastructure transitions like the one currently underway. With incomplete data we do the wrong things! For academics, policymakers, and students alike, the book provides a fresh perspective and constructive proposals based on a solid analytical foundation.-Clark W. Bullard, Professor Emeritus, Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignTable of ContentsIntroduction.- Traditional view of economy.- Brief history of input-output (I-O) modeling.- Basic I-O method.- An I-O method for dynamic (transient) economic analysis.- References.- Material Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Direct Energy Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Embodied Energy Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Value Flows.- Methodology.- Example A: one sector economy.- Example B: two sector economy.- Example C: three sector economy.- References.- Energy Intensity.- References.- Implications.- Implications for economic “development”.- Implications for the I-O method.- Implications for recycling, reuse, and dematerialization.- Comparison to a Steady-state Economy.- References.

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Book SynopsisIn diesem essential lesen Sie, wie durch marktwirtschaftliche Methoden, Innovationen und Investitionen „Grünes Wachstum“ erreicht werden kann, ohne dass dabei die Bedürfnisse jener drei Milliarden Menschen vergessen werden, denen es schon heute am Nötigsten fehlt. Im Kontext der Nachhaltigkeitsziele werden die Unterschiede zwischen „Green Growth“ und „Degrowth“ erläutert, und warum mit einer „Kriegswirtschaft“ der Klimawandel nicht gestoppt werden kann. Vielmehr muss die Umwelt ein Preisschild bekommen. Durch „Finance For Future“ besteht eine Chance durch die eigene Geldanlage die Welt zum Besseren zu verändern. Eine Win-Win-Win-Situation für die Umwelt, die Anleger und die Wirtschaft. Der Autor spendet das Honorar aus dem Erlös der Verkäufe an Hessen-Forst.Table of ContentsEinleitung und Übersicht.- Die Welt ist nicht genug?.- Wachstum: Keine Frage des „Ob“, sondern des „Wie“.- Innovationen: Die „Kraft der schöpferischen Zerstörung“.- Investieren für eine bessere Welt.- Finance For Future.- Zusammenfassung & Ausblick.

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Book SynopsisLife Cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool for environmental decision-support in relation to products from the cradle to the grave. Until now, more emphasis has been put on the inclusion quantitative models and databases and on the design of guidebooks for applying LCA than on the integrative aspect of combining these models and data. This is a remarkable thing, since LCA in practice deals with thousands of quantitative data items that have to be combined in the correct manner. For this, one needs mathematical rules and algorithmic principles for carrying out an LCA. This book presents the first coherent treatment of the mathematical and algorithmic aspects of LCA. These computational aspects are presented in matrix form, so that a concise and elegant formulation is achieved. This form, moreover, provides a platform for further extension of analysis using perturbation theory, structural theory and economic input-output analysis.Trade Review"Heijungs and Suh's Computational Structure of Life Cycles Assessment fills a gap in the methodological literature supporting life-cycle assessments (LCA). It provides a consistent approach, terminology, and notation previously lacking and only partially addressed by archival literature and standardization efforts. Much of the book focuses on the computational aspects of inventory analysis using linear algebra. The construction has atleast three advantages. First, the method is compatible with current inventory data collection and management practices…Second, the computational structure forces the practitioner to account for the full life cycle of material and energy flows and explicitly accounts for "complications"….Third, the matrix structure facilitates impact assessment and interpretation as currently applied by LCA practitioners…Even though the linear algebra concepts used are quite basic, the text is really designed for the atleast somewhat experienced LCA practitioner or the graduate student with some level of comfort in applying mathematical models to complex systems…Finally, the computational structure presented is complete in taking the practitioner from inventory analysis through interpretation.. Practitioners who read this text will benefit from the author’s experiences in applying LCA and developing LCA methods…" Journal of Industrial Ecology, 7:2 (2003)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 2. The basic model for inventory analysis. 3. The refined model for inventory analysis. 4. Advanced topics in inventory analysis*. 5. Relation with input-output analysis*. 6. Perturbation theory. 7. Structural theory. 8. Beyond the inventory analysis. 9. Further extensions*. 10. Issues of implementation*. A. Matrix algebra. B. Main terms and symbols. C. Matlab code for most important algorithms. References. Index.

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