Environmental chemistry Books

Book SynopsisTHE PHENOMENAL SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER ''Science writing at its best. If only chemistry had been like this at school'' Matt Ridley ____________________ Everything in the universe is made of them, including you. Like you, the elements have personalities, attitudes, talents, shortcomings, stories rich with meaning. Here you''ll meet iron that rains from the heavens and noble gases that light the way to vice. You''ll learn how lead can tell your future while zinc may one day line your coffin. You''ll discover what connects the bones in your body with the Whitehouse in Washington, the glow of a streetlamp with the salt on your dinner table. Unlocking their astonishing secrets and colourful pasts, Periodic Tales is a voyage of wonder and discovery, showing that their stories are inextricable from the stories of our own lives. ____________________ ''A love letter to the chemical elements. Aldersey-Williams is full of good stories and he knows how to tell them well'' Sunday Telegraph ''The history, science, art, literature and everyday applications of all the elements from aluminium to zinc'' The Times ''Great fun to read and an endless fund of unlikely and improbable anecdotes'' Financial TimesTrade ReviewScience writing at its best ... fascinating and beautiful ... if only chemistry had been like this at school ... to meander through the periodic table with him ... is like going round a zoo with Gerald Durrell ... a rich compilation of delicious tales, but it offers greater rewards, too -- Matt RidleyImmensely engaging and continually makes one sit up in ­surprise * Sunday Times *Splendid ... enjoyable and polished * Observer *Full of good stories and he knows how to tell them well ... an agreeable jumble of anecdote, reflection and information * Sunday Telegraph *Great fun to read and an endless fund of unlikely and improbable anecdotes ... sharp and often witty * Financial Times *A joyous romp through the chemical elements * Today, BBC Radio 4 *Not only a cultural history of the elements, it is also a lament to the loss of science as a hobby * Economist *A flashily brainy book, crammed with literary references and held together by a personal quest to collect as many elements as possible * Telegraph *'Elements are fun' is the essential premise of Hugh Aldersey-Williams's new book and by heck he's right ... Aldersey-Williams mourns the fact chemistry isn't really sexy any more; Periodic Tales is a step towards it getting its mojo back * Metro **** *Imaginative and fun ... almost every page yields a nugget * Nature *

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Book SynopsisA very wide range of gradients of temperature, pH, oxygen concentration, salinity, current velocity, depth, productivity, altitude and latitude have been exploited, by at least some chironomid species, and in grossly polluted environments chironomids may be the only insects present.Trade Review...well-organized..well-edited...comprehensive overview... - Journal of PaleolimnologyTable of ContentsIntroduction. Taxonmomy, morphology and biogeography. Morphology. Systematics. Biogeography. Biology, behaviour and ecology. Biology of the eggs and first-instar larvae. The habitats of chironomid larvae. Larval food and feeding behaviour. The pupa and events leading to eclosion. Behaviour and ecology of adults. Life cycles and population dynamics. Production ecology. Species interactions and community structure. Interactions with humans. Nuisance, economic impact and possiblities for control. Medical significance. Classification of water-bodies and pollution. Chironomids as indicators of past environmental change. Chironomidae as food. Conclusions. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis detailed volume examines the complex study of the assessment of in situ bioavailability and toxicity of organic chemicals in aquatic systems with a toolbox of reliable techniques. Beginning with a section on approaches for chemical analytical and bioanalytical techniques in bioavailability research, the book continues with methods to monitor effects in situ and conduct bioassays to assess the effects of complex environmental samples. It concludes with descriptions of various computational models. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters feature the kind of expert implementation advice that leads to greater success in the field. Authoritative and versatile, In Situ Bioavailability and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Systems serves as an ideal guide to aid in tackling the challenge of analyzing and understanding chemical pollution in aquatic systems. Table of ContentsPart I: Chemical Analytical and Bioanalytical Techniques in Bioavailability Research: Passive Sampling/Dosing and Bioaccumulation Assessments 1. Equilibrium Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Sediments Gesine Witt, Julia Bachtin, and Sabine Schäfer 2. Passive Sampling of Waterborne Contaminants Branislav Vrana, Foppe Smedes, and Klára Hilscherová 3. Using Tenax Extractable Concentrations to Determine the Bioavailable Contaminant Fraction in Sediments Amanda D. Harwood and Samuel A. Nutile 4. Quantifying Bioaccumulation in the Aquatic Environment Katrine Borgå and Anders Ruus Part II: Monitoring of Effects In Situ and Bioassays to Assess the Effects of Complex Environmental Samples 5. In Situ Determination of Genotoxic Effects in Fish Erythrocytes Using Comet and Micronucleus Assays Paula Suares Rocha, Björn Deutschmann, and Henner Hollert 6. Assessing Adverse Effects of Legacy and Emerging Contaminants in Fish Using Biomarker Analysis and Histopathology in Active Monitoring Scenarios Amaia Orbea, Eider Bilbao, and Miren P. Cajaraville 7. In Situ Exposure of Aquatic Invertebrates to Detect the Effects of Point and Non-Point Source-Related Chemical Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems Mirco Bundschuh and Ralf Schulz 8. Whole Sediment Toxicity Bioassay to Determine Bioavailability and Effects of Aquatic Contaminants Using Zebrafish Embryos Sabrina Schiwy, Mirna Velki, and Henner Hollert 9. Nematode-Based Effect Assessment in Freshwater Sediments Arne Haegerbaeumer, Sebastian Höss, and Walter Traunspurger Part III: Computational Models for Interspecies Comparison and Extrapolation from the Lab to the Field 10. In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation to Predict Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Chemicals in Fish Using Physiologically-Based Toxicokinetic Models Julita Stadnicka-Michalak and Kristin Schirmer 11. Cross-Species Extrapolation Using a Simplifed In Vitro Tissue Explant Assay in Fish Bryanna Eisner, Jon Doering, Shawn Beitel, and Markus Hecker 12. Extrapolation of Laboratory-Measured Effects to Fish Populations in the Field Charles R.E. Hazlerigg

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Book SynopsisFrom an astute observer of business behavior and expert in climate denial comes a thought-provokingexplanation of how corporations delay, distract, and deflect blame and spread disinformation surrounding health issues, pollution, and climate change.?Brilliantly subversive and witty. If you want to be a vile, greedy capitalist, this how-to book will be a great help. And if you want to identify vile, greedy capitalists, it will show you how to recognize them. A landmark book.? ?Brian EnoAre you a corporation out to make your fortune at any cost? Are you worried about ?facts? and ?experts? getting in the way of your profits? Do you wish you could make scientists, journalists, and anyone who asks questions about your suspect business practices disappear? Now you can.Whether you are selling tobacco, dealing in oil, or pushing pharmaceuticals, denying climate change or exploiting workers, The Playbook is here to help you obfuscate your way to what you want. Including how to: Massage the statistics to suit your needs. Or, even better, fund studies to make up some new onesAttract and cultivate university professors who have an axe to grind and are short of cashMake your problem somebody else?s problem?ideally the government?sRemember: Tame journalists, PR firms, think tanks, lawyers, and threats of physical violence are your friends!Follow these rules and you are guaranteed to make a killing. It?s economic sense, after all.

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Book SynopsisReviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.Table of ContentsEnvironmental Impact of Pesticides in Egypt.- Biodegradation of Perfluorinated Compounds.- Lead Stress Effects on Physiobiochemical Activities of Higher Plants.- Environmental Fate and Toxicology of Carbaryl.- Managing Hazardous Pollutants in Chile: Arsenic.- Atrazine Interaction with Estrogen Expression Systems.

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Book SynopsisThe chemical element mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at standard temperature and pressure. It is an extremely rare element in the Earth''s crust with an average abundance of only 80 parts per billion. However, where mercury ores do occur they can by very concentrated containing up to 2.5% mercury by mass. The use of these ores, and of mercury itself, by humans has a long history mercury was found in Egyptian tombs dating from 1500 BC. This book attempts to cover recent developments and the current state-of-the-art relating to many aspects of mercury science. The contributions made by the author teams encompass diverse fields of mercury science such as the monitoring of mercury in various environmental media and the management of mercury in the earth''s ecological system. Efforts have also been made to provide detailed insights into developments in novel chemistry involving mercury and its compounds. This book''s coverage is expanded further to cover the effect of mercury on animals and plants.

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Book SynopsisLife cycle assessment (LCA) is an established methodology used to quantify the environmental impacts of products, processes and services. Circular economy (CE) thinking is conceptual way of considering the impacts of consuming resources. By taking a closed loop approach, CE provides a framework for influencing behaviours and practices to minimise this impact. Development of the circular economy is a crucial component in the progression towards future sustainability. This book provides a robust systematic approach to the circular economy concept, using the established methodology of LCA. Including chapters on circular economic thinking, the use of LCA as a metric and linking LCA to the wider circular economy, this book utilises case studies to illustrate the approaches to LCA. With contributions from researchers worldwide, Life Cycle Assessment provides a practical, global guide for those who wish to use LCA as a research tool or to inform policy, process, and product improvement.Table of ContentsForeword; Introduction; The Circular Economy: Concept, Tools and Implementation; LCA as a metric for circular economy; Case study: Steel; Case study: Cement; Case study: manufacturing; Case study: plastics/sythetic fibre; Case study: textiles; Case study: emerging bio-based materials; Case study: paper/packaging; Case study: agricultural crop production; Case Study: livestock production; Case study: transport (fuel/biofuel); Case study: renewable energy; Linking LCA methodology to the wider circular economy

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Book SynopsisIndigenous women from across the Pacific - Hawai'i, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Marianas, Guam, Belau, Fiji, Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand and Te Ao Maohi/Tahiti Polynesia - have a voice in this book. For most of the world, the tiny island nations of the Pacific are barely known, but the events that have taken place in those nations during the twentieth century have global consequences. Without understanding that history, the world will be doomed to repeat those mistakes.

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the consequences of high agricultural pesticide use over the last few decades in the form of organophosphate poisoning. The authors provide a background overview of organophosphate compounds, their environmental toxicity, non-target exposures and cases of human poisoning. The authors also compile and analyze data from the last two decades to demonstrate the toxicological aspects of organophosphates, and how they can pose a threat to human health. Readers will learn about the clinical manifestation of organophosphate exposure in humans, as well as the enzymatic pathways and mechanisms by which organophosphates are processed in the body and cause harm. The book concludes by providing techniques, practices and recommendations for how to manage organophosphate exposure and poisoning. It will be useful for clinicians and public health professionals, scientists, medical practitioners, researchers and environmental toxicologists. Table of ContentsChapter 1: Overview of organophosphate compounds.- Chapter 2: Toxicology of Organophosphate poisoning in humans.- Chapter 3: Enzymatic Targets of organophosphates.- Chapter 4: Computational insights of human acetylcholinesterase inhibition.- Chapter 5: New insights in Prophylactic approaches of human poisoning.- Chapter 6: Management of human Organophosphate poisoning.- Chapter 7: Summary.

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Book SynopsisThis volume focuses on the most recent trends for greening analytical activities beginning with an introduction to green analytical chemistry followed by a discussion of green analytical chemistry metrics and life-cycle assessment approach to analytical method development. The chapters discuss two main topics; first is the most recent techniques for greening sample pretreatment steps, and second is modern trends for tailoring analytical techniques and instrumentation to implement the green analytical chemistry concept. The role of different kinds of green solvents, such as ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, deep eutectic solvents, bio-based solvents, and surfactants, as well as nanomaterials and green sorption materials in greening sample extraction steps is also a focus of this book. Furthermore, different approaches for greening chromatography as a key analytical technique are discussed. The applications of nanomaterials in analytical procedures are deeply reviewed, and miniaturization of spectrometers is also discussed as a recently evolved approach for efficient green on-site analysis. This book will appeal to a wide readership of academic and industrial researchers in different fields. It can be used in the classroom for undergraduate and postgraduate students focusing on the development of new analytical procedures for organic and inorganic compounds determination in different kinds of samples characterized by complex matrices composition. The book will also be useful for researchers that are interested in both chemical analysis and environment protection.Table of Contents1-Introduction to green analytical chemistry.- 2-Green analytical chemistry metrics and Life-cycle assessment approach to analytical method development.- 3-Greening analytical Chemistry by chemometrics.- 4-Integration and automation of analytical processes and operations.- 5-In situ measurements and on line measurements for greener analysis.- 6-Liquid-phase microextraction as a greener extraction tool.- 7-Ionic liquids as greener solvents for sample pre-treatment of environmental, pharmaceutical, and biological samples.- 8-Ionic liquids for greener extraction of precious metals.- 9-Deep eutectic solvents, bio-based solvents, and surfactants for green sample pretreatment and determination.- 10-Applications of nanomaterials for greener sample extraction.- 11-Green sorption materials used in analytical procedures.- 12-Recent approaches for greening sample derivatization.- 13-Green chromatography techniques.- 14-Applications of nanomaterials for greener determination of environmental contaminants.- 15-Applications of nanomaterials for greener determination of pharmaceutical and biological molecules.- 16-Applications of nanomaterials for greener food analysis.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook offers a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to the latest analytical methods, tools and techniques used in the marine environment, bringing together the two fields of chemical oceanography and analytical chemistry. Divided into 11 chapters, the book starts with an overview of the main parameters of the marine carbon system, and it covers different sampling strategies used by the marine scientific community, and the different chemical analyses to measure trace metals, radionuclides and organic matter in the marine environment. Particular attention is given to the identification and quantification of marine persistent organic pollutants, emerging organic contaminants and microplastics. Readers will also find accessible explanations and real life examples of the application of remote sensing and in-situ sensing technologies to monitor the marine environment. The textbook finishes with a chapter on data treatment that outlines the relevant statistical approaches, uncertainty estimation and quality assurance of marine chemical measurements. This textbook provides both students and professionals alike with a transdisciplinary and comprehensive foundation for the chemical analysis of our oceans and seas.Table of ContentsToC Preface Chapter 1. Carbonate species and pH. Chapter 2. Dissolved Organic matter Chapter 3. Trace metals. Chapter 4. Radionuclides as ocean tracers. Chapter 5. Persistent organic contaminants. Chapter 6. Emergent organic contaminants. Chapter 7. Nanoparticles in the marine environment Chapter 8. Microplastics and Nanoplastics. Chapter 9. Remote sensing: Satellite and RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) Chapter 10. In-Situ sensing: Ocean glider Chapter 11. Marine chemical (meta-)data management

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Book SynopsisMercury is a naturally occurring element that is toxic in nature. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the safe limit of mercury ion in drinking water is 10 nM to avoid the serious health problems to humans. Mercury is a pollutant of global concern. Both anthropogenic activities and natural processes cause its release into different spheres of the environment resulting in severe adverse impacts. Increased anthropogenic discharge of mercury leads to disturbance in its natural biogeochemical cycle which results in to unenviable diseases and hazardous health effects.This book will provide state-of-the-art information to the graduate students training in toxicology, risk assessors, researchers and medical providers at large. Many monographs, book chapters, contemporary reviews, and peer reviewed articles about mercury health impact are also available worldwide. However, there is no complete understanding available on toxicological studies of mercury, which covers the broader spectrum of findings that range from sources of exposure to mercury toxicity as well as its remediation strategies. It is aimed to bring the readers updated information about the sources of mercury contamination, and its impact on human health and on prospective mitigation strategies through multi-disciplinary approaches. The book contains three sections. First section describes the different sources and distribution of mercury in the environment. Second section explains the health risks linked to mercury poisoning. Third section addresses sustainable mercury toxicity mitigation strategies through multi-disciplinary approaches. The key topic of this book will cover following: •Source and distribution of mercury in the environment•Effects and responses of mercury toxicity in plants• Health risk linked to mercury poisoning• Sustainable mercury toxicity mitigation strategiesThis book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals doing field work on mercury contamination throughout the world.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to "Salinity Resilience and Sustainable Crop Production under Climate Change.- Chapter 2. Salinity and its Impact on Sustainable Crop Production.- Chapter 3. Salinity and its Impact on Sustainable Crop Production.- Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Crop Resilience to Salinity, Plant Traits and Selection Criteria.- Chapter 5. Genetic Variability and Genetic Resources for Salinity Resilience.- Chapter 6. Genetic Analysis of Salinity Tolerance and Relevant Traits in Field Crops.- Chapter 7. Breeding Efforts and Biotechnology.- Chapter 9. Mitigation Options towards Sustainability via Agricultural Practices.- Chapter 10. Techniques and Measurements of Assessing Genotypes Update, General Conclusions and Recommendations of “ Salinity Resilience and Sustainable Crop Production under Climate Change" for Salinity tolerance.

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Book SynopsisThis text coherently links biochemical fundamentals and mechanisms with economic and societal problems of environmental pollution. It addresses interdisciplinary topics such as regulatory problems, sampling and pollutant quantifi cation, model organisms and provides a philosophical perspective on the toxin load on a variety of organisms, including humans in the environment in the Anthropocene. Case studies and exercises illustrate current issues and discuss future aspects.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a concise and up-to-date introduction to the topic of photocatalysis. It covers the fundamentals of photocatalysis, design of photoreactors and modelling and simulations for photoreaction. Also, industrial applications such as hydrogen production, water disinfection, degradation of air pollutants, pesticides and pharmaceuticals are described.

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Book SynopsisTellurium, a well-known chalcogen, finds potential applications in various fields from chemistry to other branches of science such as nanotechnology and macromolecular science. However, its safety must also be taken into consideration when exploring its industrial applications. This book explores the breadth of tellurium‘s applications, outlines strategies for industrial use, and describes the safety concerns of this element.

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Book SynopsisWhen doing in the off-gas purification business you will pretty soon register that you do not act in an isolated box. You have to make yourself familiar with the interplay of your emission problem and the environment, and you have to apply a broad view of the subject. We can hardly make a forecast on your first steps in this business, except that we want you to succeed. Therefore, we want to offer engineers and graduate students the basic tools for discussing air pollution problems and for deducing strategies for process and equipment design in off-gas purification, covering the whole span from the basics to dedusting, absorption, adsorption and redox processes. The didactic concept of the work is to attract students with a ‘learning by doing’ strategy. We discuss the problems, the solver strategies and the solvers. The problem solver proposals address a multitude of pollution control technologies. The work is a compact off-gas purification guide for practitioners and students by presenting basics as well as numerous applications with many examples and problems with solutions.

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Book SynopsisThis Third Edition of Sustainable Process Integration and Intensification extends the presentation of fundamentals of Energy Integration, Water Integration and CO2 management into Process Integration for waste valorisation and advanced Water Integration involving water mains and considering multiple contaminants. This edition is thoroughly updated and extended to include the latest developments and illustrated working sessions to assist readers in gaining a deeper understanding of the materials. The book is a suitable reference for graduate students as well as professionals seeking to apply Process Integration solutions in plant design and operation.

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Book SynopsisThe book is focused on Bio Products derived from renewable resources processed by conventional catalytic thermochemical processes and or emerging bioprocessing techniques including fermentation and synthetic biology. It highlights some of these developments—from discovery, lab feasibility, scale up and eventual commercialization of interest and value in all the major sectors of the economy.

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Book SynopsisVarious physico-chemical approaches for the removal of toxic pollutants are available, but these are not very effective. Biological approaches using microorganisms, green plants or their enzymes to degrade/detoxify contaminants are eco-friendly and low cost. This book provides a comprehensive overview of contaminants, their toxicity, and eco-friendly approaches for their management by cost effective sustainable methods.

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Book SynopsisRecently, surface-engineered and modified nanomaterials have been developed as corrosion inhibitors for different metals alloys in coating and solution phases. This book covers current emerging trends and applications in nanomaterials and nanotechnologies and their applications in corrosion prevention. It offers synthesis, surface modification for enhanced dispersibility and protection, composite formation and their anticorrosive applications.

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Book SynopsisThe book covers theoretical background and methodology as well as all current applications of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR). Written by an international group of recognized researchers, this edited volume discusses applications of QSAR in multiple disciplines such as chemistry, pharmacy, environmental and agricultural sciences addressing data gaps and modern regulatory requirements. Additionally, the applications of QSAR in food science and nanoscience have been included – two areas which have only recently been able to exploit this versatile tool. This timely addition to the series is aimed at graduate students, academics and industrial scientists interested in the latest advances and applications of QSAR.Table of ContentsPerformance parameters and validation practices in QSAR modeling.- Towards interpretable QSAR models.- The use of topological indices in QSAR and QSPR modeling.- The Maximum Common Substructure (MCS) search as a new tool for SAR and QSAR.- The universal approach for structural and physico-chemical interpretation of QSAR/QSPR models.- Generative Topographic Mapping approach.- Monte Carlo methods for solution of tasks in Environmental Sciences.- QSAR in Environmental Research.- QSAR applications for environmental chemical prioritization: Biotransformation of chemicals.- QSAR modeling in environmental risk assessment: application to the prediction of pesticide toxicity.- Counter propagation artificial neural network (CP ANN) models for prediction of carcinogenicity of non congeneric chemicals for regulatory uses.- Strategy for identification of critical nanomaterials properties linked to biological impacts: interlinking of experimental and computational approaches.- QSAR/QSPR modeling in the design of drug candidates with balanced pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties.- Molecular modeling of food chemicals as potential bioactive compounds.- On application QSARs in Food and Agricultural Sciences: History and Recent Developments.

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Book SynopsisAktueller Überblick über alle Aspekte des kontrollierten Rückbaus - praxisorientiert und mit zahlreichen Fallbeispielen veranschaulicht.Table of Contents1 Einführung.- 1.1 Begriffsdefinitionen.- 1.1.1 Konventioneller Abbruch.- 1.1.2 Kontrollierter Rückbau.- 1.1.3 Selektiver Rückbau.- 1.1.4 Bauabfälle.- 1.2 Ressourcenschonung durch Kreislaufwirtschaft im Bauwesen.- 1.3 Sachstand und Entwicklungsbedarf.- 1.4 Literatur.- 2 Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für den kontrollierten Rückbau.- 2.1 Der Rückbau im Vorschriftendschungel.- 2.1.1 Gebot zur Getrennthaltung.- 2.1.2 Kreislaufwirtschafts-und Abfallgesetz.- 2.1.3 Zielfestlegungen der Bundesregierung.- 2.1.4 Der Entsorgungsfachbetrieb.- 2.1.5 Nachweisverordnung.- 2.2 Abfallvermeidungs-und -verwertungsforum Berlin.- 3 Kommunale Strategien zur Umsetzung des kontrollierten Rückbaus.- 3.1 Einleitung.- 3.2 Rechtliche Grundlagen.- 3.3 Das Düsseldorfer Rückbaukonzept.- 3.3.1 Der Anwendungsbereich.- 3.3.2 Die Vorbereitung des Rückbaukonzeptes.- 3.3.3 Die Erstellung des Rückbaukonzeptes.- 3.3.4 Entsorgungs-und Verwertungshinweise.- 3.4 Erfahrungen/Vollzugsprobleme.- 3.5 Ausblick.- 3.6 Literatur.- 4 Planung von Rückbauprojekten: Grundlagenermittlung/Bestandsaufnahme, Variantenprüfung, Entwurfsplanung.- 4.1 Einleitung.- 4.2 Standortrecherche und Bestandsaufnahme (Grundlagenermittlung).- 4.2.1 Historisch-deskriptive Untersuchung.- 4.2.2 Gefährdungsabschätzung.- 4.2.3 Bewertung der Gebäude-und Anlagensubstanz.- 4.2.4 Gefahrstoffe.- 4.3 Rückbaukonzeption.- 4.3.1 Planungsvarianten (Vorplanung).- 4.3.2 Ausführungsvariante (Entwurfsplanung).- 4.3.3 Verwertungs-und Entsorgungskonzept.- 4.3.4 Arbeitssicherheit.- 4.4 Ausführungsplanung, Ausschreibung etc..- 4.5 Schlußbemerkung.- 4.6 Literatur.- 5 EDV-gestützte Planung des selektiven Gebäuderückbaus.- 5.1 Ausgangslage und Problemstellung.- 5.2 Demontageplanung.- 5.2.1 Gebäudeerfassung.- 5.2.2 Demontagestruktur-und Ressourcenplanung.- 5.2.3 Demontagezeitplanung.- 5.3 Verwertungsplanung.- 5.4 Termin-und Kostenplanung der Demontage und Verwertung.- 5.5 Literatur.- 6 Typische Schadstoffe und problematische Baustoffe.- 6.1 Einführung.- 6.2 Herkunft von Kontaminationen der Bausubstanz.- 6.2.1 Produktionsspezifische Schadstoffe.- 6.2.2 Schadstoffhal tige Baumaterialien.- 6.3 Halogenfreie Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen.- 6.3.1 Mineralölkohlenwasserstoffe.- 6.3.2 Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen.- 6.4 Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe.- 6.4.1 Polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB).- 6.4.2 Pentachlorphenol (PCP).- 6.4.3 Dioxine und Furane.- 6.4.4 Sonstige Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe.- 6.5 Schwermetalle.- 6.6 Asbest und künstliche Mineralfasern.- 6.6.1 Asbest.- 6.6.2 Künstliche Mineralfasern.- 6.7 Schlußbemerkung.- 6.8 Literatur.- 7 Beschreibung der typischen Rückbauverfahren: Demontage, Dekontamination, Abbruch.- 7.1 Arbeitsschritte beim Rückbau.- 7.1.1 Ausbau von sortenreinen Stoffen.- 7.1.2 Ausbau von kontaminierten Materialien.- 7.1.3 Restabbruch nach dem Ausbau kontaminierter Materialien.- 7.2 Rückbauverfahren bei kontaminierten Materialien.- 7.2.1 Reinigungsverfahren.- 7.2.2 Abtragsverfahren.- 7.2.3 Ausbauverfahren (Teilabbruch).- 7.2.4 Sonderverfahren.- 7.3 Verfahrensauswahl.- 7.4 Literatur.- 8 Rückbau der ehemaligen Halberger Hütte in Ludwigshafen.- 8.1 Standort und Rahmenbedingungen.- 8.2 Vorbereitung und Planung, die Rückbaukonzeption.- 8.3 Der Rückbau.- 8.4 Entsorgungswege.- 8.5 Verwertung und Entsorgung: Massenbilanz.- 8.6 Kostenaufstellung.- 8.7 Schlußbemerkungen.- 8.8 Literatur.- 9 Rückbau des Eisenwerkes Homberg (Efze)-Holzhausen.- 9.1 Standortbeschreibung.- 9.1.1 Allgemeines.- 9.1.2 Maßnahmen im Vorfeld der Sanierung.- 9.2 Beschreibung der Rückbaukonzeption, Rückbauplanung.- 9.2.1 Randbedingungen — Sanierungszielkriterien.- 9.2.2 Sanierungsvarianten.- 9.2.3 Variantenauswahl.- 9.2.4 Rückbauplanung.- 9.3 Darstellung der Projektstruktur.- 9.3.1 Beteiligte Behörden.- 9.3.2 Beteiligte Firmen.- 9.4 Ausschreibung und Vergabeverfahren.- 9.5 Durchführung der Rückbauarbeiten.- 9.5.1 Arbeitssicherheit und Arbeitsschutz.- 9.5.2 Entrümpelung, Demontage, Aufnahme von Rest-und Wertstoffen.- 9.5.3 Sanierungsuntersuchungen.- 9.5.4 Abbrucharbeiten.- 9.6 Bodensanierung.- 9.7 Beschreibung der Entsorgungs-und Verwertungswege.- 9.7.1 Wiederverwertung.- 9.7.2 Entsorgung über die Kreisrestmülldeponie (TA-Siedlungsabfall Deponieklasse I und II).- 9.7.3 Entsorgung über die Hessische Industriemüll GmbH.- 9.8 Massenbilanz zur Verwertung und Entsorgung.- 9.9 Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung.- 9.10 Fazit.- 9.11 Literatur.- 10 Arbeitsschutz und Sicherheitstechnik im Rahmen von Rückbauprojekten.- 10.1 Einleitung.- 10.2 Rechtliche Grundlagen.- 10.3 Gesundheitsgefahren.- 10.4 Sicherheitsplanung.- 10.5 Schutzmaßnahmen.- 10.5.1 Technische Schutzmaßnahmen.- 10.5.2 Organisatorische Schutzmaßnahmen.- 10.5.3 Persönliche Schutzausrüstung.- 10.6 Schlußbemerkungen.- 10.7 Literatur.- 11 Erfahrungen aus Pilotprojekten zum selektiven Rückbau: Hotel Post, Dobel — Reihenhauskomplex, Mulhouse.- 11.1 Hotel Post, Dobel.- 11.1.1 Allgemeine Daten zum Abbruchobjekt.- 11.1.2 Ergebnisse der Durchführung des selektiven Rückbaus.- 11.1.3 Verwertung der anfallenden Materialien.- 11.2 Reihenhauskomplex Mulhouse.- 11.2.1 Allgemeine Daten zum Abbruchobjekt.- 11.2.2 Analyse des selektiven Rückbaus.- 11.2.3 Analyse der Abbrucharbeiten.- 11.2.4 Verwertung der anfallenden Materialien.- 11.3 Kostenvergleich.- 11.4 Literatur.- 12 Verwertung von Bauabfällen.- 12.1 Einleitung.- 12.2 Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen.- 12.3 Verwertung und Vermarktung.- 12.3.1 Mineralische Stofffiaktion.- 12.3.2 Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Tiefbau.- 12.3.3 Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Hochbau.- 12.4 Verwertung von Holzabfällen.- 12.5 Sonstige Abfälle.- 12.5.1 Kunststoffabfälle.- 12.5.2 Metallabfälle.- 12.5.3 Glasabfälle.- 12.5.4 Sonstige Materialien.- 12.6 Marketing/Vermarktung.- 12.7 Baustellen-und Abfallmanagement.- 12.8 Ausblick.- 12.9 Literatur.- 13 Produktrecycling im Bauwesen — Bauteilorientierter Rückbau von Gebäuden.- 13.1 Einführung.- 13.2 Strategien zur Abfallvermeidung im Bauwesen.- 13.3 Produktrecycling im Bauwesen.- 13.4 Bergung von Bauelementen durch bauteilorientierten Gebäuderückbau.- 13.5 Instrumente.- 13.6 Aufbau von logistischen, insbesondere informatorischen Netzwerken.- 13.7 Produktrecycling im Bauwesen: Praxisbeispiele.- 13.8 Ausblick.- 13.9 Literatur.- 14 Nutzwertanalytische Betrachtung von Rückbauverfahren.- 14.1 Einleitung.- 14.2 Einführung in die Nutzwertanalyse (NWA) am Beispiel von Rückbauvorhaben.- 14.3 Kriterienkatalog.- 14.4 Zielbaum und Rechenmodell.- 14.5 Bewertung der Kriterien.- 14.5.1 Entsorgung/Verwertung.- 14.5.2 Ökologie.- 14.5.3 Kosten für Planung, Bauleitung, Abbruch und Entsorgung/Verwertung.- 14.6 Berechnung des Gesamtnutzens.- 14.7 Diskussion der Ergebnisse.- 14.8 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick.- 14.9 Literatur.- 15 Ausblick: Perspektiven des kontrollierten Rückbaus.- 15.1 Einleitung und Begriffsbestimmung.- 15.2 Randbedingungen und Einflußgrößen.- 15.2.1 Einflußgröße Ökonomie.- 15.2.2 Einflußgröße Ökologie.- 15.2.3 Flächenmanagement.- 15.2.4 Einflußgröße Arbeitsmarktsituation.- 15.2.5 Einflußgröße Abfall-/Kreislaufwirtschaft.- 15.2.6 Konzept einer nachhaltigen Bauwirtschaft.

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Book SynopsisIn this volume, Professor He and his coworkers summarize polyethylene glycol (PEG)-promoted CO2 chemistry on the basis of understanding about phase behavior of PEG/CO2 system and reaction mechanism at molecular level. As PEG could be utilized as a green replacement for organic solvents, phase-transfer catalyst, surfactant, support in various reaction systems, significantly promoting catalytic activity and recovering expensive metal catalysts, particularly regarded as a CO2-philic material, the authors focus on special applications of PEG in CO2 capture and utilization, including PEG-functionalized catalysts for efficient transformation of CO2 and PEG-functionalized absorbents for efficient CO2 capture. Furthermore, they describe carbon capture and utilization strategy as an alternative approach to address the energy penalty problem in carbon capture and storage. Interestingly, the authors also discuss PEG radical chemistry in dense CO2 as rather creative and unusual use of PEG, presumably serves as a reaction medium and a radical initiator for radical chemistry.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Phase Behavior of PEG/CO2 System.- PEG / scCO2 Biphasic Solvent System.- CO2 Capture with PEG.- Functionalized-PEG as Catalysts for CO2 Conversion.- CO2 Capture, Activation and Subsequent Conversion with PEG.

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Book SynopsisTransformation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide shows the various organic, polymeric and inorganic compounds which result from the transformation of carbon dioxide through chemical, photocatalytic, electrochemical, inorganic and biological processes. The book consists of twelve chapters demonstrating interesting examples of these reactions, depending on the types of reaction and catalyst. It also includes two chapters dealing with the utilization of carbon dioxide as a reaction promoter and presents a wide range of examples of chemistry and chemical engineering with carbon dioxide. Transformation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide is a collective work of reviews illustrative of recent advances in the transformation and utilization of carbon dioxide. This book is interesting and useful to a wide readership in the various fields of chemical science and engineering.Bhalchandra Bhanage is a professor of industrial and engineering chemistry at Institute of Chemical Technology, India.Masahiko Arai is a professor of chemical engineering at Hokkaido University, Japan.Table of ContentsPart I Chemical Reactions.- Addition of CO2 with molecular catalysts (metal complexes).- Addition of CO2 with molecular catalysts (other catalysts).- Direct CO2 fixation over heterogeneous catalysts.- Indirect CO2 fixation over heterogeneous catalysts (using urea and others).- Hydrogenation of CO2 with molecular catalysts (to alcohol, formate and others).- Hydrogenation of CO2 with heterogeneous catalysts (to alcohol, formate and others).- Dry CO2 reforming.- Polymerization.- Part II Photocatalytic, Electrochemical and Inorganic Reactions.- Photocatalytic reaction.- Electrochemical reaction.- Inorganic reaction (including CO2 storage).- Part III Biological Reactions.- Biological reaction.- Part IV Utilization as Reaction Promoter.- Application of CO2 as a reaction promoter in organic synthetic reaction.

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Book SynopsisDieses essential enthält Informationen zu den physikochemischen Prozessen und Abläufen der Sekundärpartikelbildung und der Feinstaubentstehung. Photochemische Oxidation und heterogene Reaktionen in der Troposphäre und der Stratosphäre, Reaktionen von Ammonium und Schwefeldioxid in der Gegenwart von flüssigem Wasser und die katalytische Oxidation in Gegenwart von Schwermetallen werden beschrieben. Zudem wird ein Überblick über die Quellen von Feinstaub und Präkursoren gegeben.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive understanding of the nature and causes of land degradation, as well as methods for evaluating, characterizing, and controlling it to maintain land productivity. It covers a broad range of land degradation topics in a concise and straightforward manner, with fifteen chapters that address the physical, chemical, and biological processes that lead to land degradation in various agro-ecosystems. The book delves into the various forms of physical land degradation, such as soil compression, compaction, soil crusting, and slow and highly permeable soils. Additionally, it explores the various forms of chemical land degradation, including iron and aluminum toxicity, soil acidity, acid sulfate soils, soil salinity, and alkalinity. The book also emphasizes the importance of using modern technology, such as Remote Sensing, GIS, and GPS, to assess and monitor the extent of land degradation and its impact on soil and water. The concept of watershed management, based on land capability classification, land irrigability classification, and land suitability classification, is discussed in detail for the management of wastelands. The book also emphasizes the importance of maintaining soil health and soil quality for sustainable crop production. At the end of each chapter, study questions are provided to benefit students.

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights recent advancements in such an important topic, through contribution from experts demonstrating different applications in ‘day-to-day’ life, both existing and newly emerging non-biological technologies, and thought provoking approaches from different parts of the world, potential future prospects associated with some frontier development in non-conventional energy sources. It covers different types of natural energy sources such as: Ocean, Tidal and Wave energy; Nuclear energy; Solar cells; Geothermal energy; Hydrogen Fuel; Photovoltaic modules; Gas hydrates; Hydrate-based Desalination Technology; and Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin/ Lignocellulosic Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals. This book is a comprehensive and informative compilation for international readers, especially undergraduate and post graduate students and researchers.Table of Contents1 Ocean, Tidal and Wave Energy: Science and Challenges.- 2 Nuclear Energy and Conventional Clean Fuel.- 3 Solar cells: application and challenges.- 4 Photovoltaic modules: Battery storage and grid technology.- 5 Geothermal energy: Exploration, Exploitation, and Production.- 6 Application of high-temperature thermal energy storage materials for power plants.- 7 Hydrogen Fuel: Clean Energy Production Technologies.- 8 Natural Gas Hydrates – Energy Locked in Cages.- 9 Gas Hydrates in Man-made Environments: Applications, Economics, Challenges and Future Directions.- 10 Hydrate-based Desalination Technology: A Sustainable Approach.- 11 Subsurface Decarbonisation options as CO2 hydrates with Clean Methane Energy Recovery from Natural Gas Hydrate Reservoirs.- 12 Combined Heating and cooling system with Phase Change Material: A Novel Approach.- 13 Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Kraft Lignin (KL) Recovered from Lignocellulosic Biomass: State of the Art.- 14 Catalytic Hydropyrolysis and Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass and Model Compounds for Fuels and Chemicals.

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Book SynopsisWater is regarded as an important element for sustainable development and many countries are attempting to provide clean water for municipal and industrial sectors. Owning to population explosion, industrial activities, agricultural practices and urbanisation, water bodies are polluted with various pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, etc.. This first volume focuses on utilization of different promising nanocomposites for water and wastewater remediation. It provides an overview of wastewater treatment technologies, and explores the performace of materials such as organic-inorganic polymer hybrids, hydroxyapatite, magnetic composites (with polymers and biomaterials), zeolites, and so on in water and wastewater decontamination. The present edition takes into account various types of pristine and modified materials in different water treatment methods such as adsorption, catalysis and photocatalysis. Recent advances and developments are discussed in this book, and it provides a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in different fields such as environmental and chemical engineering.Table of ContentsWastewater Treatment Technologies Organic-Inorganic Polymer Hybrids for Water and Wastewater Treatment Hydroxyapatite-based materials for environmental remediation Sequestration of Heavy Metal Pollutants by Fe3O4-based Composites Zeolite for Treatment of Distillery Wastewater in Fluidized Bed systems Photodegradation of emerging pollutants using catalysts supported in organic and 3 inorganic composite materials Agricultural wastes utilization in water purification Mesoporous Materials for adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Role of Water/Wastewater/Industrial treatment plants sludge in Pollutant Removal​

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Book Synopsis This book on biopolymers offers a comprehensive source for biomaterial professionals. It covers all elementary topics related to the properties of biopolymers, the production, and processing of biopolymers, applications of biopolymers, examples of biopolymers, and the future of biopolymers. Edited by experts in the field, the book highlights international professionals’ longstanding experiences and addresses the requirements of practitioners and newcomers in this field in finding a solution to their problems. The book brings together several natural polymers, their extraction/production, and physio-chemical features. The topics covered in this book are biopolymers from renewable sources, marine prokaryotes, soy protein and humus oils, biopolymer recycling, chemical modifications, and specific properties. The book also focuses on the potential and diverse applications of biogenic and bio-derived polymers. The content includes industrial applications of natural polymeric molecules and applications in key areas such as material, biomedical, sensing, packaging, biomedicine, and biotechnology, and tissue engineering applications are discussed in detail. The objective of this book is to fill the gap between the researchers working in the laboratory to cutting-edge technological applications in related industries. This book will be a very valuable reference material for graduates and post-graduate students, academic researchers, professionals, research scholars, and scientists, and for anyone who has a flavor for doing biomaterial research. The books are designed to serve as a bridge between undergraduate textbooks in biochemistry and professional literature. The book provides universal perspectives for an emerging field where classical polymer science blends with molecular biology with highlights on recent advances. Table of ContentsBiopolymers: State of the art and new challengesBiopolymers from renewable sources Recent approaches towards Bacterial NanoCellulose (BNS) synthesis Bacterial nanocellulose from agro-industrial wastes Biopolymers from marine prokaryotes Biomolecules from humus oil Soy protein biopolymer Piezoelectric Properties of Biopolymers Optical properties of biopolymers: Theoretical and experimental advancesMechanical properties of biopolymers Thermal properties of biopolymers Gas barrier properties of biopolymers Structural, morphological and textural properties of biopolymers Tuning the hydrophilic/hydrophobic behavior of biopolymers: Surface modificationsBiopolymer based blends Biopolymer Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Biopolymer based gels Biopolymer based composites Biopolymer based nanocomposites Biopolymer based blend nanocomposites Nanofibres and Nanomembranes of biopolymers Biopolymer Based Soil Treatment for Geotechnical Engineering Applications Biopolymers as Engineering Materials Biopolymer based nanocomposites for the treatment of organic pollutants from the synthetic wastewater: ApplicationBio-Medical Applications of Chitin Sustainable biodegradation and extraction of keratin with its applications Material applications of gelatin Natural rubber and guttapercha rubber: ApplicationsAlbumin Engineering applicationsTunable biopolymers Biomedical applicationsNanocellulose from cladophoro ApplicationsCellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)supported inorganic nanomaterials for catalytic applications Bacterial nanocellulose (BNCs) supported inorganic nanomaterials for catalytic applications Bio-compatibility of nanocellulose: Emerging biomedical applicationsSensing and biosensing applications of nanocellulose Packaging Applications of Biodegradable Nanocellulose Composites Nanocellulose based (bio)composites for optoelectronic applications Biopolymers for edible films and coatings in food applications Peptide-based biopolymers in biomedicine and biotechnology Cross-linking biopolymers for biomedical application Natural fibre reinforced biopolymers as construction materials Polylactic acid (PLA): ApplicationsBiopolymer films and composite coatings: ApplicationsGas barrier properties and applications of nanocellulose based materials Applications of Biopolymer-Based Nanofibers and Nanomembranes Amylose-Amylopectin ratio: comprehensive understanding of structure, physico-chemical attributes and applications of starchBiopolymers: Building blocks for the synthesis of advanced materials Nature Inspired Biomimetic Polymeric Materials and Its Applications Cosmetic applications of albumin Biodegradation of Biopolymers:Reflections Towards Possible Biomagnification Definitions and AssessmentBiopolymer waste management: Reuse, Recycling and disposalSafety issues, environmental impacts and health effects of biopolymers Challenges and issues in biopolymer applications

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Book SynopsisTextile industry wastewater contains toxic dyes as well as heavy metals and many other persistent organic compounds which are difficult to biodegrade using conventional biological methods. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are one of the best alternatives for the effective degradation of such compounds. This Volume 2 starts with homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton processes and reviews the application and variables that affect the process. It then discusses plasma technology- an emerging method in terms of its chemistry, treatment set-up, limitations, etc. The positive performance of carbon tetrachloride in process intensification of dye degradation is presented. The other chapters include topics such as sonoenzymatic treatment processes, electroflocculation versus textile wastewater, combination of photocatalysis and membrane Separation, and enhancement of anaerobic digestion and photodegradation through adsorption.Table of ContentsFenton Process in Dye Removal Fenton-Like Processes for the Removal of Cationic Dyes Plasma Degradation of Synthetic Dyes Dyes Sonolysis: An Industrial View of Process Intensification Using Carbon Tetrachloride Microwave/H2O2 Processes for Dye Removal Catalytic materials for dye removal in advanced oxidation process (AOPs) Ferrite Based Magnetic Nanoparticle Heterostructures for Removal of Dyes Metal oxides-based nanomaterials for treatment of industrial dyes and colorants Operational parameters in dye decolorization via sonochemical and sonoenzymatic treatment pro-cesses Nanoceramic Based Composites for Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Stream Electroflocculation for wastewater treatment of textile industry: Overview and process variables effects ZnO Nanocomposites in Dye Degradation Carbon Nitride Application on Advanced Oxidation Processes for Dye Removal Combination of Photocatalysis and Membrane Separation for Treatment of Dye Wastewater Enhancement of anaerobic digestion and photodegradation treatment of textile wastewater through adsorption

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Book SynopsisThe textile industry is among the most significant polluters of water owing to the existence of various types of pollution streams generated by printing processes and textile dyeing. The book begins by documenting various types of Poly (vinyl alcohol) PVA-derived adsorbents (gels, fibers, films, composite particles), membranes, and photocatalysts in combination with conventional adsorbents, polymers, carbonaceous and metallic materials and their use in elimination of dyes from contaminated water. It follows by discussing different properties of nanocomposite membranes such as hydrogels, xerogels and aerogels used in this purpose. Also, different polymer – based adsorbents such as ceramic adsorbent, clay, hydrogels, starch, cellulose, chitosan, alginates, etc are presented in this book.Table of ContentsPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based treatment technologies in the remediation of dye-containing textile wastewater Polymeric membranes nanocomposites as effective strategy for dye removal Polymer membrane in textile wastewater Dye removal using polymer composites as adsorbents Polymer‐derived ceramic adsorbent for removal of dyes from water Polymeric hydrogels for dye adsorption Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances for Degradation of Textile Dyes Polymer derived electrospun ceramic nanofibers adsorbents for textile waste water treatment Natural biodegradable polymeric bio-adsorbents for textile wastewater Applications of Inorganic Polymers in Textile Wastewater Treatment

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Book SynopsisAmong various industries releasing wastewater into the environment, printing, dyeing and textile industries are of great importance as they frequently contain high amounts of colorful compounds having high chemical and biological oxygen demands. Health related effects of colorants are extensively reported; which necessitates the seriousness of dye removal from water and wastewater. The utilization of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in dye degradation has gained considerable attention recently due to the release of high energetic radicals as oxidants that are capable of removing dye compounds. This Volume 1 presents versatile applications of AOPs in dye removal. Accordingly, processes such as Ozone-based AOPs, UV irradiation, catalytic AOPs, etc are discussed with the aim of dye removal under different operational parameters. The role of different nanoparticles is also investigated. By presenting the fundamentals of AOPs as well as recent advances, this book is useful for environmental engineers and chemists who are concerned with wastewater pollution and treatment. Table of ContentsFundamental of Advanced Oxidation Processes Fenton Processes in Dye Removal Treatment of textile industrial dyes using natural sunlight driven methodes Solar Photocatalytic Treatment of Dye Removal Photo(Catalytic) Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Dye: focusing on TiO2 performance Ozone Based Processes in Dye Removal Nanomaterials in Advanced oxidation Processes (AOPs) in anionic dye removal Sustainable development of nanomaterials for removal of dyes from water and wastewater Textile Waste Water Treatment Using Sustainable Technologies: Advanced Oxidation and Degradation using Metal Ions and Polymeric Materials Multiphase reactors in photocatalytic treatment of dye wastewaters: Design and scaleup considerations Enhanced Methylene Blue Degradation onto Fenton-like catalysts based on g-C3N4-MgFe2O4 composites Metal oxide heterostructured nanocomposites for wastewater treatment Electrocoagulation technology for wastewater treatment: Mechanism and applications Carbonaceous-TiO2 Photocatalyst for Treatment of Textile Dye-Contaminated Wastewater ​

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