Engineering: Mechanics of solids Books
Springer Application of Demilitarized Gun and Rocket Propellants in Commercial Explosives Nato Science Series II Mathematics Physics and Chemistry Volume in Krasnoarmeisk Russia 1820 October 1999
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£123.49
Springer The Paramount Role of Joints into the Reliable Response of Structures From the Classic Pinned and Rigid Joints to the Notion of Semirigidity Nato Science Series II 4
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£44.99
Springer IUTAM Symposium on Theoretical and Numerical Methods in Continuum Mechanics of Porous Materials Solid Mechanics and Its Applications Proceedings of Stuttgart Germany September 510 1999 87
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£123.49
Springer Stellar Pulsation Nonlinear Studies 257 Astrophysics and Space Science Library
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£85.49
Springer Normal Modes and Localization in Nonlinear Systems
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£123.49
Springer IUTAM Symposium on Free Surface Flows Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Birmingham United Kingdom 1014 July 2000 62
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£123.49
Springer Computational Atmospheric Acoustics
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£85.49
Springer Integrated Matrix Analysis of Structures Theory and Computation 704
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£123.49
Springer Dynamic Modeling of Musculoskeletal Motion A Vectorized Approach for Biomechanical Analysis in Three Dimensions
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£123.49
Springer Geometric Method for Stability of NonLinear Elastic Thin Shells
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£85.49
Springer Tandem Cold Metal Rolling Mill Control Using Practical Advanced Methods Advances in Industrial Control
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£142.49
Springer Advanced Mechanics in Robotic Systems
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£112.50
Springer Structural Health Monitoring Using Genetic Fuzzy Systems
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£112.50
Springer Haptic Interaction with Deformable Objects Modelling VR Systems for Textiles Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems
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£89.99
Cambridge University Press Discrete Variational Problems with Interfaces
Book SynopsisThis text presents a complete treatment of variational problems on discrete sets with an overall behavior driven by surface energies. Covering both applications and perspectives, it can be used as an advanced graduate course text, as well as a reference for mathematical analysts and applied mathematicians working in related fields.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Preliminaries; 3. Homogenization of pairwise systems with positive coefficients; 4. Compactness and integral representation; 5. Random lattices; 6. Extensions; 7. Frustrated systems; 8. Perspectives towards dense graphs; A. Multiscale analysis; B. Spin systems as limits of elastic interactions; References; Index.
£89.99
Legare Street Press Théorie de lélasticité des corps solides Volume 1
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£31.30
Creative Media Partners, LLC Fretting Fatigue Behavior of a Titanium Alloy Ti6AL4V at Elevated Temperature
£14.96
Cambridge University Press Introduction to GrapheneBased Nanomaterials
Book SynopsisGraphene is one of the most intensively studied materials, and has unusual electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, which provide almost unlimited potential applications. This book provides an introduction to the electrical and transport properties of graphene and other two-dimensional nanomaterials, covering ab-initio to multiscale methods. Updated from the first edition, the authors have added chapters on other two-dimensional materials, spin-related phenomena, and an improved overview of Berry phase effects. Other topics include powerful order N electronic structure, transport calculations, and ac transport and multiscale transport methodologies. Chapters are complemented with concrete examples and case studies, questions and exercises, detailed appendices and computational codes. It is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers working in physics, materials science or engineering who are interested in the field of graphene-based nanomaterials.Trade Review'Overall this second edition reflects well the new directions that have been followed by researchers in this field over the last past five years … So, I can only repeat the recommendation that I made in the review of the first edition: whether you are a student or an experienced researcher, this book will certainly act as a useful source of information if you decide to buy it.' Sébastien Lebègue, Acta Crystallographica'Compared with the first edition the scope has been extended to cover materials other than carbon, and few-layer systems … Some topics lightly touched on in the first edition are now treated in depth. … The attention to detail is excellent throughout … There are quite challenging problems to test the reader's understanding … This is an excellent text on the theory of graphene. I am sure there will be further editions in which tantalising references to the most recent literature (for example, the analytical connection between the quantum Hall wave function and the flatness of bands at magic angles) will be explained in the authors' clear style. The book deserves a place on the shelf of any researcher in the field.' A. H. Harker, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface to the first edition; Preface to the second edition; 1. Introduction to carbon-based nanostructures; 2. Electronic properties of carbon-based nanostructures; 3. The new family of two-dimensional materials and van der Waals heterostructures; 4. Quantum transport: general concepts; 5. Klein tunneling and ballistic transport; 6. Quantum transport in disordered graphene-based materials; 7. Quantum Hall effects in graphene; 8. Spin-related phenomena; 9. Quantum transport beyond DC; 10. Ab initio and multiscale quantum transport in graphene-based materials; Appendix A. Electronic structure calculations: the density functional theory; Appendix B. Electronic structure calculations: the many-body perturbation theory; Appendix C. Green's functions and ab initio quantum transport in the Landauer–Büttiker formalism; References; Index.
£83.59
Bloomsbury Publishing (UK) Understanding Structures Analysis Materials Design
Book SynopsisDerek Seward is Lecturer in Engineering at Lancaster University, UK. He began his career as a design engineer, and has previously worked as a principal engineer (structures) for a local authority.
£72.95
Springer Introduction to Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis
Book SynopsisPreliminary concepts.- Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Procedure.- Finite Element Analysis for Nonlinear Elastic Systems.- Finite Element Analysis for Elastoplastic Problems.- Finite Element Analysis for Contact Problems. Table of ContentsPreliminary concepts.- Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Procedure.- Finite Element Analysis for Nonlinear Elastic Systems.- Finite Element Analysis for Elastoplastic Problems.- Finite Element Analysis for Contact Problems.
£104.49
Springer Us Technology of the Guitar
Book SynopsisFeaturing chapters on physics, structure, sound and design specifics, Technology of the Guitar also includes coverage of historical content, composition of strings and their effects on sound quality, and important designs.Table of Contents1. Guitar Overview.- 2. Basic Physics.- 3. The Structure of the Guitar.- 4. Electronics.- 5. Sound Quality.- 6. Design Specifics for Acoustic Guitars.- 7. Design Specifics for Electric Guitars.- 8. Hardware.- 9. Iconic Guitars.
£127.99
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Marine Robotics and Applications
Book SynopsisThis book reports on findings at the intersection between two related fields, namely coastal hydrography and marine robotics. On one side, it shows how the exploration of the ocean can be performed by autonomous underwater vehicles; on the other side, it shows how some methods from hydrography can be implemented in the localization and navigation of such vehicles, e.g. for target identification or path finding. Partially based on contributions presented at the conference Quantitative Monitoring of Underwater Environment, MOQESM, held on October 11-12, 2016, Brest, France, this book includes carefully revised and extended chapters presented at the conference, together with original papers not related to the event. All in all, it provides readers with a snapshot of current methods for sonar track registration, multi-vehicles control, collective exploration of underwater environments, optimization of propulsion systems, among others. More than that, the book is aimed as source of inspiration and tool to promote further discussions and collaboration between hydrographers, robotic specialists and other related communities.Trade Review“I would definitely recommend it for any underwater vehicle research and development individuals or groups.” (Ron Lewis, Underwater Technology, Vol. 37 (3), 2020)Table of ContentsFrom the Content: Fast Fourier-Based Block-Matching Algorithm for Sonar Tracks Registration in a Multiresolution Framework.- Adaptive Sampling with a Fleet of Autonomous Sailing Boats Using Artificial Potential Fields.- Underwater Robots Equipped with Artificial Electric Sense for the Exploration of Unconventional Aquatic Niches.- Estimating the Trajectory of Low-cost Autonomous Robots Using Interval Analysis: Application to the euRathlon Competition.
£71.24
Springer Nature Switzerland AG The Isogeometric Boundary Element Method
Book SynopsisThis book discusses the introduction of isogeometric technology to the boundary element method (BEM) in order to establish an improved link between simulation and computer aided design (CAD) that does not require mesh generation. In the isogeometric BEM, non-uniform rational B-splines replace the Lagrange polynomials used in conventional BEM. This may seem a trivial exercise, but if implemented rigorously, it has profound implications for the programming, resulting in software that is extremely user friendly and efficient. The BEM is ideally suited for linking with CAD, as both rely on the definition of objects by boundary representation. The book shows how the isogeometric philosophy can be implemented and how its benefits can be maximised with a minimum of user effort. Using several examples, ranging from potential problems to elasticity, it demonstrates that the isogeometric approach results in a drastic reduction in the number of unknowns and an increase in the quality of the results. In some cases even exact solutions without refinement are possible. The book also presents a number of practical applications, demonstrating that the development is not only of academic interest. It then elegantly addresses heterogeneous and non-linear problems using isogeometric concepts, and tests them on several examples, including a severely non-linear problem in viscous flow. The book makes a significant contribution towards a seamless integration of CAD and simulation, which eliminates the need for tedious mesh generation and provides high-quality results with minimum user intervention and computing.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The boundary integral equation.- Basis functions, B-splines.- Description of the geometry.- Getting geometry information from CAD programs.- Numerical treatment of integral equations.- Numerical integration.- Steady state potential problems.- Static linear solid mechanics.- Body force effects.- Treatment of inhomogeneities/inclusions.- Material non-linear behaviour.- Applications in geomechanics.- Viscous flow problems.- Time dependent problems.- Summary and outlook.- Appendix A: Fundamental solutions.
£71.24
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Finite Elements in Structural Analysis:
Book SynopsisThe book introduces the basic concepts of the finite element method in the static and dynamic analysis of beam, plate, shell and solid structures, discussing how the method works, the characteristics of a finite element approximation and how to avoid the pitfalls of finite element modeling. Presenting the finite element theory as simply as possible, the book allows readers to gain the knowledge required when applying powerful FEA software tools. Further, it describes modeling procedures, especially for reinforced concrete structures, as well as structural dynamics methods, with a particular focus on the seismic analysis of buildings, and explores the modeling of dynamic systems. Featuring numerous illustrative examples, the book allows readers to easily grasp the fundamentals of the finite element theory and to apply the finite element method proficiently.Trade Review“The theory of FEM is presented ‘as simply as possible’ and illustrated with many examples. … The book gives the readers the knowledge required when applying powerful FEM software tools in static or dynamic analysis. … The book is based on the lectures for students of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, and is intended for students as well as for structural engineers.” (V. Leontiev, zbMATH 1502.74004, 2023)Table of ContentsMathematical background.- Basic equations of the theory of elasticity.- Truss and beam structures.- Plate, shell and solid structures.- Dynamic analysis of structures.
£54.99
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Flinovia—Flow Induced Noise and Vibration Issues
Book SynopsisThis volume gathers the latest advances and innovations in the field of flow-induced vibration and noise, as presented by leading international researchers at the 3rd International Symposium on Flow Induced Noise and Vibration Issues and Aspects (FLINOVIA), which was held in Lyon, France, in September 2019. It explores topics such as turbulent boundary layer-induced vibration and noise, tonal noise, noise due to ingested turbulence, fluid-structure interaction problems, and noise control techniques. The authors’ backgrounds represent a mix of academia, government, and industry, and several papers include applications to important problems for underwater vehicles, aerospace structures and commercial transportation. The book offers a valuable reference guide for all those interested in measurement, modelling, simulation and reproduction of the flow excitation and flow induced structural response.Table of ContentsSource Modeling.- Experimental Techniques.- Analytical Developments.- Numerical Methods.
£189.99
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Structural Mechanics in Lightweight Engineering
Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive yet concise presentation of the analysis methods of lightweight engineering in the context of the statics of beam structures and is divided into four sections. Starting from very general remarks on the fundamentals of elasticity theory, the first section also addresses plane problems as well as strength criteria of isotropic materials. The second section is devoted to the analytical treatment of the statics of beam structures, addressing beams under bending, shear and torsion. The third section deals with the work and energy methods in lightweight construction, spanning classical methods and modern computational methods such as the finite element method. Finally, the fourth section addresses more advanced beam models, discussing hybrid structures as well as laminated and sandwich beams, in addition to shear field beams and shear deformable beams. This book is intended for students at technical colleges and universities, as well as for engineers in practice and researchers in engineering.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Theory of elasticity.- Plane problems.- Strength criteria for isotropic materials.- Strength criteria for isotropic materials.- Beams under transverse shear forces.- St. Venant torsion.- Warping torsion.- Work and energy.- Principle of virtual displacements.
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£170.99
De Gruyter Fracture Mechanics in Layered and Graded Solids: Analysis Using Boundary Element Methods
Book SynopsisMechanical responses of solid materials are governed by their material properties. The solutions for estimating and predicting the mechanical responses are extremely difficult, in particular for non-homogeneous materials. Among these, there is a special type of materials whose properties are variable only along one direction, defined as graded materials or functionally graded materials (FGMs). Examples are plant stems and bones. Artificial graded materials are widely used in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, biological engineering, and electronic engineering. This work covers and develops boundary element methods (BEM) to investigate the properties of realistic graded materials. It is a must have for practitioners and researchers in materials science, both academic and in industry. Covers analysis of properties of graded materials. Presents solutions based methods for analysis of fracture mechanics. Presents two types of boundary element methods for layered isotropic materials and transversely isotropic materials. Written by two authors with extensive international experience in academic and private research and engineering.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Fundamentals of elasticity and fracture mechanics Chapter 3 Solutions of three-dimensional layered materials Chapter 4 Solution based boundary element methods of static elasticity Chapter 5 The multi-domain boundary element method for fracture mechanics Chapter 6 Solutions based dual boundary element method for fracture mechanics Chapter 7 Penny-shaped and elliptical cracks in functionally graded solids Chapter 8 Rectangular cracks in layered and functionally graded solids Chapter 9 Fracture mechanics of transversely isotropic bimaterials Chapter 10 Conclusions and remarks
£144.40
De Gruyter Statistik, Festkörper, Materialien
£56.52
De Gruyter High-Temperature Superconductivity: Bipolaron Mechanism
Book SynopsisHigh temperature superconducting theory drew controversy after the discovery of superconductors at close to room temperatures. However, a consistent microscopic theory of HT superconductivity based on bipolaron mechanism leads to a better understanding of microscopic and macroscopic description. By presenting aspects of superconductivity now joined in a strict theory rather than separate models this work is especially useful for graduate students.
£72.68
De Gruyter Lecture Notes in Engineering: Introduction to Linearized Elasticity
Book SynopsisThese lecture notes deal with the behavior of elastic bodies subject to small displacement gradients, namely their linearized elastic response. The framework for describing the nonlinear response of elastic bodies is first put into place and then the linearization is carried out to delineate the status of the linearized theory of elasticity. Easy reading for upper-division and first-year engineering students is provided by a balanced combination of mathematical rigor and physical understanding. This lecture note grew out of a course that the author regularly teaches to undergraduate mechanical engineering students.
£54.62
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Explicit Stability Conditions for Continuous
Book SynopsisExplicit Stability Conditions for Continuous Systems deals with non-autonomous linear and nonlinear continuous finite dimensional systems. Explicit conditions for the asymptotic, absolute, input-to-state and orbital stabilities are discussed. This monograph provides new tools for specialists in control system theory and stability theory of ordinary differential equations, with a special emphasis on the Aizerman problem. A systematic exposition of the approach to stability analysis based on estimates for matrix-valued functions is suggested and various classes of systems are investigated from a unified viewpoint.Table of ContentsPreliminaries.- Perturbations of Linear Systems.- Linear Systems with Slowly Varying Coefficients.- Linear Dissipative and Piecewise Constant Systems.- Nonlinear Systems with Autonomous Linear Parts.- The Aizerman Problem.- Nonlinear Systems with Time-Variant Linear Parts.- Essentially Nonlinear Systems.- The Lur'e Type Systems.- The Aizerman Type Problem for Nonautonomous Systems.- Input - State Stability.- Orbital Stability and Forced Oscillations.- Positive and Nontrivial Steady States.
£85.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic and Poroelastic
Book SynopsisWave propagation is an important topic in engineering sciences, especially, in the field of solid mechanics. A description of wave propagation phenomena is given by Graff [98]: The effect of a sharply applied, localized disturbance in a medium soon transmits or 'spreads' to other parts of the medium. These effects are familiar to everyone, e.g., transmission of sound in air, the spreading of ripples on a pond of water, or the transmission of radio waves. From all wave types in nature, here, attention is focused only on waves in solids. Thus, solely mechanical disturbances in contrast to electro-magnetic or acoustic disturbances are considered. of waves - the compression wave similar to the In solids, there are two types pressure wave in fluids and, additionally, the shear wave. Due to continual reflec tions at boundaries and propagation of waves in bounded solids after some time a steady state is reached. Depending on the influence of the inertia terms, this state is governed by a static or dynamic equilibrium in frequency domain. However, if the rate of onset of the load is high compared to the time needed to reach this steady state, wave propagation phenomena have to be considered.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Convolution quadrature method.- 2.1 Basic theory of the convolution quadrature method.- 2.2 Numerical tests.- 2.2.1 Series expansion of the test functions f1 and f2.- 2.2.2 Computing the integration weights ?n.- 2.2.3 Numerical convolution.- 3. Viscoelastically supported Euler-Bernoulli beam.- 3.1 Integral equation for a beam resting on viscoelastic foundation.- 3.1.1 Fundamental solutions.- 3.1.2 Integral equation.- 3.2 Numerical example.- 3.2.1 Fixed-simply supported beam.- 3.2.2 Fixed-free viscoelastic supported beam.- 4. Time domain boundary element formulation.- 4.1 Integral equation for elastodynamics.- 4.2 Boundary element formulation for elastodynamics.- 4.3 Validation of proposed method: Wave propagation in a rod.- 4.3.1 Influence of the spatial and time discretization.- 4.3.2 Comparison with the “classical” time domain BE formulation.- 5. Viscoelastodynamic boundary element formulation.- 5.1 Viscoelastic constitutive equation.- 5.2 Boundary integral equation.- 5.3 Boundary element formulation.- 5.4 Validation of the method and parameter study.- 5.4.1 Three-dimensional rod.- 5.4.2 Elastic foundation on viscoelastic half space.- 6. Poroelastodynamic boundary element formulation.- 6.1 Biot’s theory of poroelasticity.- 6.1.1 Elastic skeleton.- 6.1.2 Viscoelastic skeleton.- 6.2 Fundamental solutions.- 6.3 Poroelastic Boundary Integral Formulation.- 6.3.1 Boundary integral equation.- 6.3.2 Boundary element formulation.- 6.4 Numerical studies.- 6.4.1 Influence of time step size and mesh size.- 6.4.2 Poroelastic half space.- 7. Wave propagation.- 7.1 Wave propagation in poroelastic one-dimensional column.- 7.1.1 Analytical solution.- 7.1.2 Poroelastic results.- 7.1.3 Poroviscoelastic results.- 7.2 Waves in half space.- 7.2.1 Rayleigh surface wave.- 7.2.2 Slow compressional wave in poroelastic half space.- 8. Conclusions — Applications.- 8.1 Summary.- 8.2 Outlook on further applications.- A. Mathematic preliminaries.- A.1 Distributions or generalized functions.- A.2 Convolution integrals.- A.3 Laplace transform.- A.4 Linear multistep method.- B. BEM details.- B.1 Fundamental solutions.- B.1.1 Visco- and elastodynamic fundamental solutions.- B.1.2 Poroelastodynamic fundamental solutions.- B.2 “Classical” time domain BE formulation.- Notation Index.- References.
£85.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Strukturdynamik: Band 2: Kontinua und ihre
Book SynopsisIm Band 2 der Strukturdynamik werden kontinuierliche Schwinger und numerische Verfahren zu ihrer Diskretisierung behandelt. In Spezialfällen, die dann aber prinzipielle Einsichten ermöglichen, gelingt eine analytische Lösung der Bewegungsgleichungen. Die jedoch in den meisten Fällen notwendigen Näherungsverfahren (Übertragungsmatrizen, Rayleigh-Ritz, Methode der finiten Elemente) werden auch erläutert und anhand von Beispielen aus der Ingenieurpraxis illustriert. Das Buch wurde als Lehrbuch für Hochschulen und Fachhochschulen konzipiert, eignet sich aber auch zum Selbststudium für Ingenieure in Forschung und Industrie.Table of Contents1 Einleitung.- 2 Analytische Lösungen einfacher schwingender Kontinua.- 2.1 Einleitung.- 2.2 Aufstellung und Lösung der Bewegungsdifferentialgleichung des schubstarren biegeelastischen Balkens.- 2.2.1 Differentialgleichung, Randbedingungen, Anfangsbedingungen.- 2.2.2 Lösung der Differentialgleichung und Einbau der Randbedingungen.- 2.2.3 Anpassung der Lösung an die Anfangsbedingungen.- 2.2.4 Zusammenfassung.- 2.3 Lösung der Bewegungsdifferentialgleichung bei harmonischer Erregung—eingeschwungener Zustand.- 2.4 Der biegeelastische Balken mit Zusatzeffekten.- 2.4.1 Elastisch gebetteter Biegebalken.- 2.4.2 Biegebalken mit axialer Normalkraft im Ausgangszustand.- 2.4.3 Der Biegebalken mit Schubelastizität und Drehträgheit (Timoshenko-Balken).- 2.4.4 Eigenfrequenzen des Biegebalkens mit Zusatzeffekten.- 2.4.5 Biegebalken mit Proportionaldämpfung.- 2.5 Ebene Flächentragwerke.- 2.5.1 Bewegungsgleichungen für Scheiben und Platten in kartesischen Koordinaten.- 2.5.2 Bewegungsgleichungen für ebene Flächentragwerke in Polarkoordinaten.- 2.5.3 Anmerkungen zu analytischen Lösungen bei Platten.- 2.6 Übungsaufgaben.- 3 Geschlossene Lösungen für Bewegungsvorgänge von Kontinua — Die Behandlung als modal entkoppeltes System.- 3.1 Einleitung.- 3.2 Orthogonalitätsbeziehungen für Balken mit einfachen Randbedingungen.- 3.3 Freie Schwingungen: Die Anpassung an die Anfangsbedingungen durch modales Vorgehen.- 3.4 Lösung für allgemeine, transiente Erregung.- 3.5 Harmonische Erregung—Resonanzverhalten in modaler Darstellung.- 3.6 Dämpfungseinfluß.- 3.7 Bilanz zur modalen Betrachtungsweise und Verallgemeinerung.- 3.8 Übungsaufgaben.- 4 Das Verfahren der Übertragungsmatrizen.- 4.1 Einleitung.- 4.2 Einige Übertragungsmatrizen.- 4.3 Das Übertragungsschema zur Eigenfrequenz- und Eigenformberechnung.- 4.4 Weiche, steife und starre Zwischenstützen.- 4.5 Erzwungene, periodische Schwingungen.- 4.6 Harmonische Erregung in einer kettenförmigen Struktur mit Grenzen im Unendlichen.- 4.7 Gesamtgleichungssystem und verzweigte Strukturen.- 4.8 Numerische Schwierigkeiten.- 4.9 Vorzüge und Grenzen des Übertragungsmatrizenverfahrens.- 4.10 Übungsaufgaben.- 5 Energieformulierungen als Grundlage für Näherungsverfahren.- 5.1 Das Prinzip der virtuellen Verrückungen für Durchlaufträger und ebene Rahmentragwerke.- 5.1.1 Formulierung des Prinzips der virtuellen Verrückungen.- 5.1.2 Gleichwertigkeit des Prinzips der virtuellen Verrückungen mit den Gleichgewichtsbedingungen.- 5.1.3 Weitere Umformung des PdvV.- 5.1.4 Zulässige Verschiebungszuständes.- 5.1.5 Das Prinzip der virtuellen Verrückungen für ebene Rahmentragwerke.- 5.2 Ableitung der Orthogonalitätsrelationen mit Hilfe des Prinzips der virtuellen Verrückungen.- 5.3 Prinzip der virtuellen Verrückungen für andere Kontinua.- 5.3.1 Nicht-dünnwandiger, räumlicher Stab mit doppelt-symmetrischem Querschnitt.- 5.3.2 Orthotrope , schubstarre Platte.- 5.3.3 Schubweiche Platte.- 5.3.4 Schubweiche Platte in Polarkoordinaten.- 5.3.5 Andere Kontinua.- 5.4 Übungsaufgaben.- 6 Der Rayleigh-Quotient und das Ritzsche Verfahren.- 6.1 Der Rayleigh-Quotient.- 6.1.1 Definition des Rayleigh-Quotienten.- 6.1.2 Minimaleigenschaft des Rayleigh-Quotienten.- 6.1.3 Rayleigh-Quotient für höhere Eigenfrequenzen.- 6.1.4 Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Ansatzfunktionen.- 6.2 Das Ritzsche Verfahren zur Eigenschwingungsberechnung.- 6.2.1 Grundgedanke des Ritzchen Verfahrens.- 6.2.2 Beispielrechnung.- 6.2.3 Minimaleigenschaften der mit dem Ritzschen Verfahren ermittelten Eigenfrequenzen. Genauigkeit und Konvergenzeigenschaften.- 6.3 Übungsaufgaben.- 7 Die Methode der finiten Elemente.- 7.1 Einleitung.- 7.2 Methode der finiten Elemente für Durchlaufträger (Stabzüge).- 7.2.1 Zerlegung in Einzelelemente.- 7.2.2 Behandlung der Einzelelemente eines Durchlaufträgers.- 7.2.3 Zusammenbau der Einzelelemente zum Gesamtsystem.- 7.2.4 Praktisches Vorgehen zum Aufstellen der Systemmatrizen und -vektoren (Indextafel-Organisation).- 7.2.5 Schnittkraftermittlung.- 7.2.6 Zusammenfassung.- 7.3 Methode der finiten Elemente für ebene und räumliche Rahmentragwerke.- 7.3.1 Voraussetzungen.- 7.3.2 Elementmatrizen und Elementvektoren.- 7.3.3 Koordinatentransformation.- 7.3.4 Gelenke und Mechanismen, Zwangsbedingungen.- 7.4 Elementmatrizen für Stäbe mit Schubweichheit, Drehmassenbelegung und Vorspannung.- 7.5 Finite-Element-Verfahren für Platten.- 7.5.1 Vorbemerkung.- 7.5.2 Elementmatrizen für schubstarre Platten.- 7.5.3 Elementmatrizen für schubweiche Platten.- 7.6 Finite-Element-Verfahren auf der Grundlage gemischt-hybrider Arbeitsausdrücke.- 7.7 Übungsaufgaben.- 8 Ausnutzung von Symmetrieeigenschaften.- 8.1 Ein einfaches Beispiel.- 8.2 Allgemeine Regeln für die Ausnutzung von Symmetrieeigenschaften bei dreidimensionalen Strukturen.- 8.3 Berechnung der Eigenschwingungen eines Radsatzes bei Ausnutzung von Symmetrieeigenschaften.- 8.4 Übungsaufgaben.- 9 Reduktion der Zahl der Freiheitsgrade.- 9.1 Der Formalismus der Reduktion.- 9.2 Statische Kondensation.- 9.3 Die modale Kondensation unter Verwendung eines benachbarten, konservativen Hilfssystems.- 9.4 Gemischte statische und modale Kondensation zur Beibehaltung wichtiger physikalischer Freiheitsgrade im reduzierten System.- 9.5 Vergleich der drei Reduktionsverfahren.- 9.6 Kondensation bei Systemen mit lokalen Nichtlinearitäten.- 9.7 Übungsaufgaben.- 10 Substrukturtechniken.- 10.1 Vorbemerkung.- 10.2 Modale Synthese bei Verwendung von Substrukturen, die an den Koppelstellen gefesselt sind.- 10.3 Ergebnisse der Berechnung eines realen Rotor-Fundament-Systems.- 10.4 Modale Synthese bei Verwendung von Substrukturen mit freien Koppelstellen.- 10.4.1 Ein einfaches Beispiel.- 10.4.2 Modale Synthese für unverschiebliche Substrukturen mit freien Koppelstellen.- 10.4.3 Die Modification des Verfahrens nach Craig und Chang.- 10.5 Genauigkeit und Konvergenzverhalten bei der modalen Synthese.- 10.6 Übersicht über die modalen Syntheseverfahren.- 10.7 Übungsaufgaben.- 11 Bewegungsgleichungen von rotierenden elastischen Strukturen.- 11.1 Bewegungsgleichungen des rotierenden Punktmassenmodells.- 11.1.1 Mechanisches Modell.- 11.1.2 Kinematik des Massepunktes.- 11.1.3 Auswertung der Massenterme des Prinzips der virtuellen Verrückungen.- 11.1.4 Gesamtgleichungssystem der rotierenden Punktmassenstruktur.- 11.1.5 Diskussion der Beweigungsgleichungen.- 11.2 Bewegungsgleichungen der rotierenden Struktur mit kontinuierlicher Massenverteilung—konsistente Modellierung.- 11.2.1 Mechanisches Modell.- 11.2.2 Kinematik des Massepunktes.- 11.2.3 Auswertung der Massenintegralterme des Prinzips der virtuellen Verrückungen.- 11.2.4 Finite-Element-Diskretisierung.- 11.2.5 Gesamtgleichungssystem der rotierenden Struktur.- 11.3 Modale Kondensation zur Reduktion der Zahl der Freiheitsgrade der rotierenden Struktur.- 11.4 Bewegungsgleichungen von gekoppelten rotierenden und nicht rotierenden Strukturen.- 11.5 Übungsaufgaben.- 12 Stabilität von periodisch zeitvarianten Systemen — Parametererregung.- 12.1 Vorbetrachtung: Pendel mit bewegtem Aufhängepunkt; Stabilität der Mathieuschen Differentialgleichungen.- 12.2 Parameterresonanzen bei Mehr-Freiheitsgradsystemen.- 12.3 Stabilitätsuntersuchung nach Floquet.- 12.4 Stabilitätsuntersuchung nach Hill.- 12.5 Kleiner Vergleich der Stabilitätsuntersuchungen nach Floquet und Hill.- 13 Lösungen zu den Übungsaufgaben.- Symbole und Bezeichnungen.- Literatur.
£42.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics of Solids: Fundamental Mathematical and Physical Concepts
Book SynopsisThe aim of the book is the presentation of the fundamental mathematical and physical concepts of continuum mechanics of solids in a unified description so as to bring young researchers rapidly close to their research area. Accordingly, emphasis is given to concepts of permanent interest, and details of minor importance are omitted. The formulation is achieved systematically in absolute tensor notation, which is almost exclusively used in modern literature. This mathematical tool is presented such that study of the book is possible without permanent reference to other works.Table of Contents1 Mathematical fundamentals.- 2 Deformation.- 3 Stresses.- 4 Time derivative.- 5 Balance laws.- 6 Constitutive modelling.- Appendix 1.- A1.1 Index notation.- A1.2 Metric tensor and geometrical properties.- A1.3 Vector decompositions, tensor components of first order.- A1.4 Definition of higher-order tensor components.- A1.5 Permutation tensor.- A1.6 Christoffel symbols, covariant differentiation.- References.
£85.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Partial Differential Equations in Mechanics 2: The Biharmonic Equation, Poisson’s Equation
Book SynopsisThis two-volume work focuses on partial differential equations (PDEs) with important applications in mechanical and civil engineering, emphasizing mathematical correctness, analysis, and verification of solutions. The presentation involves a discussion of relevant PDE applications, its derivation, and the formulation of consistent boundary conditions.Table of Contents8. The biharmonic equation.- 9. Poisson’s equation.
£85.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Spacecraft Structures
Book SynopsisSpace flight is a comprehensive and innovative part of technology. It encompasses many fields of technology. This monograph presents a cross section of the total field of expertise that is called "space flight". It provides an optimal reference with insight into the design, construction and analysis aspects of spacecraft. The emphasis of this book is put on unmanned space flight, particularly on the construction of spacecraft rather than the construction of launch vehicles.Table of ContentsGeneral.- Design Process.- Launch Vehicle Systems.- Spacecraft Subsystems.- Design and Safety factors.- Spacecraft Design Loads.- Test Verification.- Design of Spacecraft structure.- Strength and Stiffness of Structural Elements.- Sandwich Construction.- Finite Element Analysis.- Stiffness/Flexibility Analysis.- Material Selection.- Spacecraft Mass.- Natural Frequencies, an Approximation.- Modal Effective Mass.- Dynamic Model Reduction Methods.- Dynamic Substructuring, Component Mode Synthesis.- Output Transformation Matrices.- Coupled Dynamic Loads Analysis.- Random Vibrations Simplified Response Analysis.- Fatigue Life Prediction.- Shock-Response Spectrum.- Damage to Spacecraft by Meteoroids and Orbital Debris.- Prescribed Averaged Temperatures.- Thermal-elastic Stresses.- Coefficients of thermal & moisture expansion.- Venting Holes.- Examples.
£208.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Magnetic Bearings: Theory, Design, and Application to Rotating Machinery
Book SynopsisCompiling the expertise of nine pioneers of the field, Magnetic Bearings - Theory, Design, and Application to Rotating Machinery offers an encyclopedic study of this rapidly emerging field with a balanced blend of commercial and academic perspectives. Every element of the technology is examined in detail, beginning at the component level and proceeding through a thorough exposition of the design and performance of these systems. The book is organized in a logical fashion, starting with an overview of the technology and a survey of the range of applications. A background chapter then explains the central concepts of active magnetic bearings while avoiding a morass of technical details. From here, the reader continues to a meticulous, state-of-the-art exposition of the component technologies and the manner in which they are assembled to form the AMB/rotor system. These system models and performance objectives are then tied together through extensive discussions of control methods for both rigid and flexible rotors, including consideration of the problem of system dynamics identification. Supporting this, the issues of system reliability and fault management are discussed from several useful and complementary perspectives. At the end of the book, numerous special concepts and systems, including micro-scale bearings, self-bearing motors, and self-sensing bearings, are put forth as promising directions for new research and development. Newcomers to the field will find the material highly accessible while veteran practitioners will be impressed by the level of technical detail that emerges from a combination of sophisticated analysis and insights gleaned from many collective years of practical experience. An exhaustive, self-contained text on active magnetic bearing technology, this book should be a core reference for anyone seeking to understand or develop systems using magnetic bearings.Table of Contentsand Survey.- Principle of Active Magnetic Suspension.- Hardware Components.- Actuators.- Losses in Magnetic Bearings.- Design Criteria and Limiting Characteristics.- Dynamics of the Rigid Rotor.- Control of the Rigid Rotor in AMBs.- Digital Control.- Dynamics of Flexible Rotors.- Identification.- Control of Flexible Rotors.- Touch-down Bearings.- Dynamics and Control Issues for Fault Tolerance.- Self#x2013;Sensing Magnetic Bearings.- Self#x2013;Bearing Motors.- Micro Magnetic Bearings.- Safety and Reliability Aspects.
£170.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Fundamentals of Shock Wave Propagation in Solids
Book SynopsisMy intent in writing this book is to present an introduction to the thermo- chanical theory required to conduct research and pursue applications of shock physics in solid materials. Emphasis is on the range of moderate compression that can be produced by high-velocity impact or detonation of chemical exp- sives and in which elastoplastic responses are observed and simple equations of state are applicable. In the interest of simplicity, the presentation is restricted to plane waves producing uniaxial deformation. Although applications often - volve complex multidimensional deformation fields it is necessary to begin with the simpler case. This is also the most important case because it is the usual setting of experimental research. The presentation is also restricted to theories of material response that are simple enough to permit illustrative problems to be solved with minimal recourse to numerical analysis. The discussions are set in the context of established continuum-mechanical principles. I have endeavored to define the quantities encountered with some care and to provide equations in several convenient forms and in a way that lends itself to easy reference. Thermodynamic analysis plays an important role in continuum mechanics, and I have included a presentation of aspects of this subject that are particularly relevant to shock physics. The notation adopted is that conventional in expositions of modern continuum mechanics, insofar as possible, and variables are explained as they are encountered. Those experienced in shock physics may find some of the notation unconventional.Table of ContentsMechanical Principles.- Plane Longitudinal Shocks.- Material Response I: Principles.- Material Response II: Inviscid Compressible Fluids.- Material Response III: Elastic Solids.- Material Response IV: Elastic-Plastic and Elastic-Viscoplastic Solids.- Weak Elastic Waves.- Finite-amplitude Elastic Waves.- Elastic-Plastic and Elastic-Viscoplastic Waves.- Porous Solids.- Spall Fracture.- Steady Detonation Waves.
£54.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Singular Problems in Shell Theory: Computing and Asymptotics
Book SynopsisThin shells are three-dimensional structures with a dimension (the thickness) small with respect to the two others.Such thin structures are widely used in automobileandaviation industries,or in civil engineering, because they provide animportantsti?ness, due to theircurvature,with a small weight. Fig. 0.1. Airbus A380 Fig. 0.2. Hemispherical roof (Marseille, France) One ofthechallenges is often to reduce the weight (andconsequently the thickness)oftheshells, preservingtheirsti?ness.So that it is essential to have 1 accuratemodelsforthinandevenverythinshells ,andtobeabletocomputethe displacements resultingfromagivenloading.In particular, singularities leading to fractures in some cases must be absolutely predicted a priori and ofcourse avoided (see Fig.0.3 forexample). Since the pioneeringmodels of Novozhilov-Donnell [81] and Koiter [65][66], numerous works havebeen devoted to establish linear and non linear elastic shell model usingdirect orsurfacic approaches [18][25][100]. More recently, the asymptoticmethods [87] havebeen used, to try tojustify rigorously, fromthe three-dimensional equations, the shell models obtained by direct approaches - lying onapriori assumption, andto construct new models [54][55]. This way, 1 Very thin shells are present in certain domains of industry, as plastic ?lms for pa- aging or for electronics, streched sails, or even very thin metal sheets obtained by drawing. E. Sanchez-Palencia et al.: Singular Problems in Shell Theory, LNACM 54, pp. 1-11.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The book under review is devoted to a mathematically rigorous study of singularities in linear elastic shell theory which appear for very small thickness. … This well-written book is a reader-friendly and good organized research work in the field of mathematical theory of shells. It can be recommended to highly-qualified experts in this field.” (Igor Andrianov, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1208, 2011)Table of ContentsGeometric Formalism of Shell Theory.- Singularities and Boundary Layers in Thin Elastic Shell Theory.- Anisotropic Error Estimates in the Layers.- Numerical Simulation with Anisotropic Adaptive Mesh.- Singularities of Parabolic Inhibited Shells.- Singularities of Hyperbolic Inhibited Shells.- Singularities of Elliptic Well-Inhibited Shells.- Generalities on Boundary Conditions for Equations and Systems: Introduction to Sensitive Problems.- Numerical Simulations for Sensitive Shells.- Examples of Non-inhibited Shell Problems (Non-geometrically Rigid Problems).
£123.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Constitutive Modelling in Geomechanics: Introduction
Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to bridge the gap between the traditional Geomechanics and Numerical Geotechnical Modelling with applications in science and practice. Geomechanics is rarely taught within the rigorous context of Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, while when it comes to Numerical Modelling, commercially available finite elements or finite differences software utilize constitutive relationships within the rigorous framework. As a result, young scientists and engineers have to learn the challenging subject of constitutive modelling from a program manual and often end up with using unrealistic models which violate the Laws of Thermodynamics. The book is introductory, by no means does it claim any completeness and state of the art in such a dynamically developing field as numerical and constitutive modelling of soils. The author gives basic understanding of conventional continuum mechanics approaches to constitutive modelling, which can serve as a foundation for exploring more advanced theories. A considerable effort has been invested here into the clarity and brevity of the presentation. A special feature of this book is in exploring thermomechanical consistency of all presented constitutive models in a simple and systematic manner.Table of ContentsPart I Introduction to Continuum Mechanics.- Part II Constitutive modelling of reversible soil behavior.- Part III Constitutive modelling of irreversible soil behavior.- Appendices.
£142.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Creep Mechanics
Book SynopsisThe simplest way to formulate the basic equations of continuum mech- ics and the constitutive or evolutional equations of various materials is to restrict ourselves to rectangular cartesian coordinates. However, solving p- ticular problems, for instance in Chapter 5, it may be preferable to work in terms of more suitable coordinate systems and their associated bases. The- fore, Chapter 2 is also concerned with the standard techniques of tensor an- ysis in general coordinate systems. Creep mechanics is a part of continuum mechanics, like elasticity or pl- ticity. Therefore, some basic equations of continuum mechanics are put - gether in Chapter 3. These equations can apply equally to all materials and they are insuf?cient to describe the mechanical behavior of any particular material. Thus, we need additional equations characterizing the individual material and its reaction under creep condition according to Chapter 4, which is subdivided into three parts: the primary, the secondary, and the tertiary creep behavior of isotropic and anisotropic materials. The creep behavior of a thick-walled tube subjected to internal pressure is discussed in Chapter 5. The tube is partly plastic and partly elastic at time zero. The investigation is based upon the usual assumptions of incompre- ibility and zero axial creep. The creep deformations are considered to be of such magnitude that the use of ?nite-strain theory is necessary. The inner and outer radius, the stress distributions as functions of time, and the cre- failure time are calculated.Table of ContentsTensor Notation.- Some Basic Equations of Continuum Mechanics.- Creep Behavior of Isotropic and Anisotropic Materials; Constitutive Equations.- Creep Behavior of Thick-Walled Tubes.- The Creep Potential Hypothesis in Comparison with the Tensor Function Theory.- Damage Mechanics.- Tensorial Generalization of Uniaxial Creep Laws to Multiaxial States of Stress.- Viscous Fluids.- Memory Fluids.- Viscoelastic Materials.- Viscoplastic Materials.- Creep and Damage Experiments.- Creep Curve.
£85.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Digital Photoelasticity: Advanced Techniques and Applications
Book SynopsisA straightforward introduction to basic concepts and methodologies for digital photoelasticity, providing a foundation on which future researchers and students can develop their own ideas. The book thus promotes research into the formulation of problems in digital photoelasticity and the application of these techniques to industries. In one volume it provides data acquisition by DIP techniques, its analysis by statistical techniques, and its presentation by computer graphics plus the use of rapid prototyping technologies to speed up the entire process. The book not only presents the various techniques but also provides the relevant time-tested software codes. Exercises designed to support and extend the treatment are found at the end of each chapter.Trade ReviewExcerpts from the Reviews of the book on Digital Photoelasticity(Pattern I) The author has produced a first class text book that should find widespread use among students, researchers, and design engineers in many branches of engineering….. Applied Mechanics Reviews 55(4) B69-B71 JUL 2002 The book is accompanied by a CD-ROM of the C source code of the programs referred to in the text along with some photoelasticity simulations and some hardware-specific code. The text is supported by ample end-of-chapter tutorial questions….. Strain 38 85-86 2002 Bible of digital photoelasticity., 17 February, 2001 Not only beginners and students but also researchers, engineers and inspectors should read this book as a bible of photoelasticity. http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/3540667954/qid%3D1050727743/202-1368056-3855028 ….This is the first monograph in its field and forms a useful contribution… Meas. Sci. Technol. 11 (December 2000) 1826-1827Table of Contents1 Transmission Photoelasticity.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Physical Principle Used in Photoelasticity.- 1.3 Nature of Light.- 1.4 Polarization.- 1.5 Passage of Light Through Isotropic Media.- 1.6 Passage of Light Through a Crystalline Medium.- 1.7 Light Ellipse.- 1.8 Retardation Plates and Wave Plates.- 1.9 Stress-Optic Law.- 1.10 Plane Polariscope.- 1.10.1 Analysis by Trigonometric Resolution.- 1.11 Jones Calculus.- 1.11.1 Rotation Matrix.- 1.11.2 Retardation Matrix.- 1.11.3 Representation of a Retarder.- 1.11.4 Polarizer.- 1.11.5 Quarter-Wave Plate.- 1.12 Analysis of Plane Polariscope by Jones Calculus.- 1.13 Circular Polariscope.- 1.14 Use of White Light.- 1.15 Determination of Isoclinic and Isochromatic Fringe Order at a Point.- 1.15.1 Ordering of Isoclinics.- 1.15.2 Ordering of Isochromatics.- 1.16 Tardy’s Method of Compensation.- 1.17 Calibration of Photoelastic Model Materials.- 1.17.1 Stress Field in a Circular Disc Under Diametral Compression.- 1.17.2 Conventional Method.- 1.17.3 Sampled Linear Least Squares Method.- Need for a better methodology.- Use of whole field data to evaluate material fringe value.- 1.17.4 Theoretical Reconstruction of Fringe Patterns.- 1.18 Further Comments on Fringe Ordering.- 1.18.1 Properties of Isochromatic Fringe Field.- 1.18.2 Properties of Isoclinic Fringe Field.- 1.18.3 Use of Fringe Field Properties to Identify Fringe Ordering.- 1.18.4 Role of Principles of Solid Mechanics in Fringe Ordering.- 1.19 Determination of the Sign of the Boundary Stresses.- 1.20 Resolving the Ambiguity on the Principal Stress Direction.- 1.21 Introduction to Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity and Integrated Photoelasticity.- 1.21.1 Conventional Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity.- 1.21.2 Principle of Optical Equivalence.- 1.22 Model to Prototype Relations.- 1.23 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 2 Reflection Photoelasticity.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Reflection Polariscope.- 2.3 Stress and Strain-Optic Relations for Coatings.- 2.4 Coating and Specimen Stresses.- 2.5 Correction Factors for Photoelastic Coatings.- 2.6 Poisson’s Ratio Mismatch.- 2.7 Coating Materials.- 2.8 Bonding the Coating.- 2.9 Selection of the Coating Thickness.- 2.10 Calibration of the Coating Material.- 2.11 Data Collection and Analysis.- 2.12 Application of Photoelastic Coatings.- 2.13 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 3 Digital Image Processing.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Image Sampling and Quantization.- 3.2.1 Pictures as Functions.- 3.2.2 Uniform Sampling and Quantization.- 3.3 Video Standards.- 3.4 Image Sensors.- 3.5 Image Display.- 3.6 Image Perception.- 3.7 Image Storage.- 3.8 Some Basic Relationships and Mathematical Operations Between Pixels.- 3.8.1 Neighbours of a Pixel.- 3.8.2 Arithmetic and Logic Operations.- 3.8.3 Neighbourhood Oriented Operations.- 3.9 Basic Steps in Image Processing.- 3.10 Typical Image Processing Systems for Digital Photoelasticity.- 3.11 Software Structure and Design.- 3.12 Image Acquisition.- 3.13 Tools for Image Understanding.- 3.13.1 Pseudo Colouring.- 3.13.2 Histogram.- 3.13.3 Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Intensity Plots.- 3.14 Filtering in Spatial Domain.- 3.14.1 Low Pass Spatial Filtering.- 3.14.2 Median Filtering.- 3.15 Image Enhancement.- 3.15.1 Contrast Stretching.- 3.15.2 Histogram Equalisation.- 3.16 Image Segmentation.- 3.16.1 Thresholding.- Global thresholding.- Semi thresholding.- Dynamic thresholding.- 3.16.2 Edge Detection.- Edge detection by convolution filters.- Edge detection by non-convolution filters.- Edge detection by thresholding.- 3.17 Morphological Filters.- 3.18 Further Discussions on Image Sensors.- 3.18.1 Operation of CCD Arrays.- 3.18.2 Interline Transfer CCD.- 3.18.3 Linearity and Dynamic Range.- 3.18.4 Sources of Noise.- 3.19 Digitisation of the Camera Video Signal.- 3.20 Resolution of an Image Processing System.- 3.21 Gamma Compensation.- Exercises.- References.- 4 Fringe Multiplication, Fringe Thinning and Fringe Clustering.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Fringe Multiplication.- 4.3 Half Fringe Photoelasticity (HFP).- 4.4 DIP Methods for Fringe Thinning.- 4.5 Algorithms Based on Considering the Fringe Patterns as a Binary Image.- 4.6 Mask-Based Algorithms for Skeleton Extraction Using Intensity Variation within a Fringe.- 4.7 Global Identification of Fringe Skeletons Based on Intensity Variation.- 4.7.1 Edge Detection.- 4.7.2 Fringe Skeletonization.- Row-Wise scanning algorithm.- Algorithm for fringe skeleton extraction for arbitrarily shaped fringes.- 4.7.3 Applications of the Algorithm to Actual Experimental Conditions.- 4.8 Further Improvements on the Global Thinning Algorithm.- 4.9 Performance Evaluation of Various Fringe Thinning Algorithms.- 4.9.1 Comparison of the Skeleton Extraction.- Computer generated test images.- Images recorded from actual experimental situations.- 4.9.2 Comparison of the Computational Effort.- 4.10 Use of Tiling to Improve Information in Stress Concentration Zones.- 4.11 Fringe Tracing Algorithm.- 4.12 Ordering of Fringes.- 4.13 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 5 Phase Shifting, Polarization Stepping and Fourier Transform Methods.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Early Attempts for Automated Polariscopes.- 5.3 Phase Shifting in Photoelasticity.- 5.4 Intensity of Light Transmitted for a Generic Arrangement of a Plane Polariscope.- 5.5 Intensity of Light Transmitted for a Generic Arrangement of a Circular Polariscope.- 5.6 Evaluation of Fractional Fringe Order along an Isoclinic Contour.- 5.7 Whole Field Evaluation of Photoelastic Data by Using a Plane Polariscope.- 5.8 Whole Field Evaluation of Photoelastic Data by Using a Circular Polariscope.- 5.8.1 The Generic Procedure.- 5.8.2 Calculation and Representation of Whole Field Data.- 5.8.3 Parameters Affecting the Generation of Phase Map and its Solution.- Influence of local oscillations of isoclinic parameter on fractional retardation calculation.- Importance of isoclinic parameter representing either ?1 or ?2 direction over the domain.- Ambiguity in experimentally evaluating the isoclinic parameter.- Interactive approach to obtain a good phase map.- 5.9 Error Sources and Methods to Minimise Their Influence.- 5.9.1 Influence of Error in Measuring Intensities.- 5.9.2 Errors Due to Mismatch of Quarter-Wave Plates.- 5.10 Evaluation of Isoclinic Value by Phase Shifting Technique.- 5.10.1 Use of Two Loads to Get Continuous Isoclinic Contours.- 5.10.2 Use of Multiple Wavelengths to Get Continuous Isoclinic Contours.- 5.11 Polarization Stepping for Isoclinic Determination.- 5.12 Fourier Transform Methods for Photoelastic Data Acquisition.- 5.12.1 Use of Carrier Fringes.- 5.12.2 Use of Multiple Polarization Stepped Images.- 5.12.3 Use of Load Stepping.- 5.13 Comparative Evaluation of Phase Shifting, Polarization Stepping and Fourier Transform Techniques.- 5.14 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 6 Phase Unwrapping and Optically Enhanced Tiling in Digital Photoelasticity.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Boundary Detection.- 6.3 Noise Removal in Phase Maps.- 6.4 Algorithm for Phase Unwrapping.- 6.5 Representation of the Unwrapped Phase.- 6.5.1 Three-Dimensional Plots.- 6.5.2 Total Fringe Order Viewing on the Image.- 6.6 Parameters Affecting Phase Unwrapping.- 6.6.1 Influence of the Selection of the Phase Unwrapping Threshold.- 6.6.2 Influence of the Location of the Primary Seed Point.- 6.7 Use of Tiling Procedure for Phase Unwrapping.- 6.8 Digital Magnification of High Fringe Density Zones.- 6.8.1 Replication.- 6.8.2 Linear Interpolation.- 6.8.3 Higher Order Interpolation.- 6.9 Optically Enhanced Tiling (OET).- 6.10 Cementing of a Tile.- 6.11 OET Applied to a Circular Disc Under Diametral Compression.- 6.12 OET Applied to a Ring Under Diametral Compression.- 6.13 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 7 Colour Image Processing Techniques.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Colour Models.- 7.2.1 RGB Model.- 7.2.2 HSI Model.- 7.3 Colour Image Processing Systems.- 7.3.1 Hardware.- Transmission Photoelasticity.- Reflection Photoelasticity.- 7.3.2 Software.- 7.4 Typical Spectral Response of a Colour Camera.- 7.5 Intensity of Light Transmitted in White Light for Various Polariscope Arrangements.- 7.6 Three Fringe Photoelasticity (TFP).- 7.6.1 Calibration.- 7.6.2 Methodology.- 7.6.3 Application to the Problem of a Circular Disc Under Diametral Compression.- 7.7 Green Image Plane as a Green Filter.- 7.8 Phase Shifting in Colour Domain.- 7.8.1 Transmission Photoelasticity.- 7.8.2 Reflection Photoelasticity.- 7.9 Spectral Content Analysis (SCA).- 7.10 Digital Spectral Content Analysis (DSCA).- 7.11 Hybrid Techniques.- 7.11.1 Polarization Stepping in Colour Domain.- 7.12 Tricolour Photoelastic Method.- 7.13 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 8 Evaluation of Contact Stress Parameters and Fracture Parameters.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Basic Data Required and its Digital Acquisition.- 8.2.1 Conversion of Pixel Co-ordinates to Model Co-ordinates.- 8.2.2 Rotational Transformation.- 8.3 Stresses in Terms of Contact Length and Geometrical and Elastic Properties of the Bodies in Contact.- 8.4 Evaluation of Contact Stress Parameters by Least Squares Analysis.- 8.4.1 Validation for Hertzian and Non-Hertzian Contact.- 8.5 Developments in the Description of the Stress Field Equations in the Neighbourhood of a Crack-tip.- 8.5.1 Mode-I Stress Field Equations.- 8.5.2 Mixed-Mode (Combination of Mode-I and Mode-II) Stress Field Equations.- 8.5.3 Equivalence Between the Multi-Parameter Stress Field Equations.- 8.6 Developments in SIF Evaluation Methodology.- 8.7 Evaluation of Mixed-Mode Stress Field Parameters Using Least Squares Technique.- 8.8 Experimental Validation of the Methodology.- 8.8.1 Mode-I Loading.- 8.8.2 Mixed-Mode Loading.- 8.9 Contact Stress and Fracture Analysis of a Spur Gear.- 8.9.1 Loading Frame Design.- 8.9.2 Evaluation of Contact Parameters.- Measurement of radius of curvature at the point of contact.- Experimental results.- 8.9.3 Evaluation of Fracture Parameters.- 8.10 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 9 Stress Separation Techniques.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Oblique Incidence Method.- 9.2.1 Secondary Principal Stresses.- 9.2.2 The Methodology.- 9.3 Shear Difference Technique.- 9.3.1 Conventional Method.- 9.3.2 Improvement by Tesar.- 9.4 Survey of Numerical Methods.- 9.4.1 Integration of Compatibility Condition.- Finite difference approach.- 9.4.2 Integration of Stress Difference Equations.- 9.4.3 Least Squares Method.- 9.4.4 Hybrid Techniques.- 9.4.5 Methods Using Only Isochromatic Data.- 9.5 Stress Separation by Combined Phase Shifting and FEM.- 9.5.1 Finite Element Formulation.- 9.5.2 Meaningful Discretization of the Domain.- 9.5.3 Plotting of Fringe Contours from FE Results.- 9.5.4 Influence of Error in Fringe Data.- 9.5.5 Application of the Technique to the Problem of Plate with a Hole.- 9.6 Use of Integrated Photoelasticity Concepts for Stress Separation.- 9.6.1 Least Squares Algorithm.- 9.6.2 Design of the Loading Frame.- 9.6.3 Application to the Problem of Disc under Diametral Compression.- 9.7 Stress Separation in Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity.- 9.8 Stress Separation in Reflection Photoelasticity.- 9.8 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 10 Fusion of Digital Photoelasticity, Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling Technologies.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Difficulties in Conventional Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity.- 10.3 Rapid Prototyping in Model Making.- 10.3.1 Software Issues in RP.- 10.3.2 Stereolithography Process.- 10.3.3 Solid Ground Curing.- 10.3.4 Fused Deposition Modelling.- 10.4 Direct Analysis of RP Models by Photoelastic Coatings.- 10.4.1 Experimental Results.- 10.4.2 Analysis of the Results.- Evaluation of Young’s modulus by tensile test.- Study on the seepage of the adhesive.- Numerical simulation of fringe patterns.- 10.4.3 Recommendations.- 10.5 Direct Use of RP Models for Transmission Photoelastic Analysis.- 10.6 Rapid Tooling for Model Making.- 10.6.1 Basic Steps in Rapid Tooling.- 10.6.2 Digital Photoelastic Characterisation of the Process.- 10.7 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 11 Recent Developments and Future Trends.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Evaluation of Characteristic Parameters.- 11.2.1 Srinath and Keshavan’s Method.- 11.2.2 Whole Field Determination of Characteristic Parameters by Phase Shifting.- Development of relevant equations.- Experimental evaluation of characteristic parameters.- Whole field theoretical evaluation of characteristic parameters.- 11.3 Tensorial Tomography.- 11.4 Developments in DIP Hardware.- 11.5 Developments in DIP Software.- 11.5.1 Development of a Device Independent Software.- Selection of software features.- FRN_DAT software.- An application.- 11.5.2 Future Possibility.- 11.6 Digital Dynamic Photoelasticity.- 11.6.1 Classification of High, Very-high and Ultra-high-speed Photography.- 11.6.2 Classical Methods for High-speed Photography.- 11.6.3 Digital Dynamic Recording.- 11.7 Application to Composites.- 11.7.1 Photo-Orthotropic Elasticity Theories.- Stress-Optic law.- Strain-Optic law.- 11.7.2 Calibration of Photo-Orthotropic Composites.- 11.7.3 Influence of Residual Birefringence.- 11.7.4 Separation of Stresses in Photo-Orthotropic Elasticity.- 11.7.5 Application of Digital Photoelasticity to Composites.- 11.8 Closure.- Exercises.- References.
£85.49
Springer Handbook of Plane Contact Mechanics
Book Synopsis
£123.49
Springer Verlag, Japan Vibrations of Rotating Machinery: Volume 2. Advanced Rotordynamics: Applications of Analysis, Troubleshooting and Diagnosis
Book SynopsisBuilding on the previous volume “Vibrations of Rotating Machinery - Volume 1. Basic Rotordynamics: Introduction to Practical Vibration Analysis,” this book is intended for all practical designers and maintenance experts who are responsible for the reliable manufacturing and operation of rotating machinery. It opens with the dynamics of oil film bearings and their influences on unbalance, vibration resonance and the stability of rotor whirl motion. Subsequently, the book introduces readers to vibration diagnosis techniques for traditional ball bearings and active vibration control from magnetic bearings. Case studies on vibration problems and troubleshooting in industrial turbo machines are then presented and explained, showing rotor designers how to eliminate instability and modify resonance characteristics. Torsional vibration and other coupled vibration phenomena are discussed, and vibration measurement techniques and related signal processing procedures for vibration diagnosis are provided. Our latest three topics are included, covering: (a) the importance of the modeling order reduction (MOR) technique; (b) the approximate evaluation for oil-wheel/whip instability; and (c) a systematic method for shafting-blading coupled vibration analyses. In closing, a 100-question trial test is supplied as an example of the certification of vibration experts based on the ISO standard.Table of ContentsBasics of plain bearings.- Unbalance vibration of a rotor in plain bearings.- Stability of a rotor in plain bearings.- Vibration due to rolling bearings.- Vibration in active magnetic bearing rotor systems.- Case studies of forced vibration problems.- Case studies of self-excited vibration problems.- Torsional vibration and related coupled vibration.- Signal processing for rotor vibration diagnosis.- Trial examination for vibration expert certification.- Rotor vibration analysis program: MyROT.
£170.99
Springer Verlag, Japan Vibrations of Rotating Machinery: Volume 1. Basic Rotordynamics: Introduction to Practical Vibration Analysis
Book SynopsisThis book opens with an explanation of the vibrations of a single degree-of-freedom (dof) system for all beginners. Subsequently, vibration analysis of multi-dof systems is explained by modal analysis. Mode synthesis modeling is then introduced for system reduction, which aids understanding in a simplified manner of how complicated rotors behave. Rotor balancing techniques are offered for rigid and flexible rotors through several examples. Consideration of gyroscopic influences on the rotordynamics is then provided and vibration evaluation of a rotor-bearing system is emphasized in terms of forward and backward whirl rotor motions through eigenvalue (natural frequency and damping ratio) analysis. In addition to these rotordynamics concerning rotating shaft vibration measured in a stationary reference frame, blade vibrations are analyzed with Coriolis forces expressed in a rotating reference frame. Other phenomena that may be assessed in stationary and rotating reference frames include stability characteristics due to rotor internal damping and instabilities due to asymmetric shaft stiffness and thermal unbalance behavior.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Single degree-of-freedom rotor.- Modal analysis for multi degree-of-freedom rotor.- Mode synthesis and related modeling.- Unbalance vibration and balancing.- Gyroscopic effects on rotor vibrations.- Approximate eigenvalue evaluation of a rotor-bearing system.- Vibration evaluation using open-loop characteristics.- Transformation from inertial coordinate to rotating coordinate frames of reference.- Vibration of blade and impeller systems.- Basic topics on rotor stability.
£151.99
Springer Nonlinear Mechanics of Crystals
Book SynopsisThis book describes behavior of crystalline solids primarily via methods of modern continuum mechanics. Emphasis is given to geometrically nonlinear descriptions, i.e., finite deformations.Primary topics include anisotropic crystal elasticity, plasticity, and methods for representing effects of defects in the solid on the material's mechanical response. Defects include crystal dislocations, point defects, twins, voids or pores, and micro-cracks. Thermoelastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric behaviors are addressed. Traditional and higher-order gradient theories of mechanical behavior of crystalline solids are discussed. Differential-geometric representations of kinematics of finite deformations and lattice defect distributions are presented. Multi-scale modeling concepts are described in the context of elastic and plastic material behavior. Representative substances towards which modeling techniques may be applied are single- and poly- crystalline metals and alloys, ceramics, and minerals.This book is intended for use by scientists and engineers involved in advanced constitutive modeling of nonlinear mechanical behavior of solid crystalline materials. Knowledge of fundamentals of continuum mechanics and tensor calculus is a prerequisite for accessing much of the text. This book could be used as supplemental material for graduate courses on continuum mechanics, elasticity, plasticity, micromechanics, or dislocation mechanics, for students in various disciplines of engineering, materials science, applied mathematics, and condensed matter physics.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The book is a mathematical introduction to the thermodynamics of nonlinear mechanics of crystals and generally to continuum mechanics. … The book ends with references which are very large … . The book seems to be a very good work on the subject, and can be recommended to all those interested in the mechanics of crystals.” (N. D. Cristescu, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1209, 2011)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Mathematical foundations.- Kinematics of Crystalline Solids.- Thermomechanics of Crystalline Solids.- Thermoelasticity.- Elastoplasticity.- Residual Deformation from Lattice Defects.- Mechanical Twinning in Crystal Plasticity.- Generalized Inelasticity.- Dielectrics and piezoelectricity.- Chrystal Symmetries and Elastic Constants.- Lattice Statics and Dynamics.- Discrete Defects in Linear Elasticity.- SI Units and Fundamental Constants.- Kinematic Derivations.- References.- Index.
£237.49