Engineering: Mechanics of fluids Books

Book SynopsisThe second edition (1997) of this text was a completely rewritten version of the original text Basic Coastal Engineering published in 1978. Basic Coastal Engineering is an introductory text on wave mechanics and coastal processes along with fundamentals that underline the practice of coastal engineering.Table of ContentsCoastal Engineering.- Two-Dimensional Wave Equations and Wave Characteristics.- Finite-Amplitude Waves.- Wave Refraction, Diffraction, and Reflection.- Coastal Water Level Fluctuations.- Wind-Generated Waves.- Coastal Structures.- Coastal Zone Processes.- Field and Laboratory Investigations.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook is a pedagogic introduction to a number of phenomena employing fluid mechanics. Beginning with basic concepts and conservation laws for neutral and charged fluids, the authors apply and develop them to understand aerodynamics, locomotion of micro-organisms, waves in air and water, shock waves, hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic instabilities, stars and black holes, blood flow in humans, and superfluids. The approach is to consider various striking topics on fluid mechanics, without losing necessary mathematical rigor. The book balances the qualitative explanations with formal treatment, in a compact manner. A special focus is given to the important and difficult subject of turbulence and the book ends with a discussion on turbulence in quantum fluids. The textbook is dotted by a number of illustrative examples, mostly from real life, and exercises. The textbook is designed for a one semester course and addresses students at undergraduate and graduate level in physics or engineering, who want to research in the fields as diverse as aeronautics, meteorology, cosmology, biomechanics, and mathematical physics. It is requested knowledge of an undergraduate level course on mathematical methods to better understand the topics presented here.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis is the latest edition - fully revised and updated - of the standard textbook on aerodynamic theory, as applied to model flight. Everything is explained in a concise and practical form for those enthusiasts who appreciate that a better understanding of model behaviour is the sure path to greater success and enjoyment, whether just for fun or in competition. The revisions for this new edition reflect the significant developments in model aircraft during the last few years, and include brand new data: - The chapter on aerofoils has been rewritten to take account of the vast amount of testing carried out recently in the USA by the University of Illinois. - A brand new chapter explains the latest research into the flight of birds and insects and how it is applied to small drones and model-sized surveillance aircraft. - Older wind tunnel test reports all replaced with the latest trials and measurements.

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Book SynopsisWater Chemistry provides students with the tools needed to understand the processes that control the chemical species present in waters of both natural and engineered systems. After providing basic information about water and its chemical composition in environmental systems, the text covers theoretical concepts key to solving water chemistry problems. Water Chemistry emphasizes that both equilibrium and kinetic processes are important in aquatic systems. The content focuses not only on inorganic constituents but also on natural and anthropogenic organic chemicals in water. This new edition of Water Chemistry also features updated discussions of photochemistry, chlorine and disinfectants, geochemical controls on chemical composition, trace metals, nutrients, and oxygen. Quantitative equilibrium and kinetic problems related to acid-base chemistry, complexation, solubility, oxidation/reduction reactions, sorption, and the fate and reactions of organic chemicals are solved using mathematical, graphical, and computational tools. Examples show the application of theory and demonstrate how to solve problems using algebraic, graphical, and up-to-date computer-based techniques. Additional web material provides advanced content.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments Symbols and Acronyms Symbols Acronyms Units for physical quantities Important constants Conversion Factors Energy-related quantities Pressure Some useful relationships Part I. Prologue 1 Introductory matters 2 Aqueous geochemistry I: Inorganic chemical composition of natural waters Part II. Theory, Fundamentals, and Important Tools 3 The thermodynamic basis for equilibrium chemistry 4 Activity-concentration relationships 5 Fundamentals of chemical kinetics 6 Fundamentals of organic chemistry for environmental systems Part III. Chemical Equilibria and Kinetics 7 Principles of acid-base equilibria 8 Solving acid-base equilibria and the carbonate system 9 Complexation reactions and metal ion speciation 10 Solubility: Reactions of solid phases with water 11 Redox equilibria and kinetics 12 Surface chemistry and sorption 13 Partitioning and chemical transformations of organic contaminants Part IV. Chemistry of Natural Waters and Engineered Systems 14 Fundamentals of photochemistry and some applications in aquatic systems 15 Chemistry of chlorine and other oxidants/disinfectants 16 Aqueous geochemistry II: Provenance, weathering, and landscape models for natural waters 17 The minor elements: Fe, Mn, Al 18 Dissolved oxygen 19 Nutrient cycles and the chemistry of nitrogen and phosphorus 20 Natural organic matter Appendix: Free energies and enthalpies of formation of common chemical species Index

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Book SynopsisNewly updated and translated into English for the first time, this standalone handbook perfectly combines background and theory with real-world experiments. An ideal companion for graduate students and researchers, as well as engineers involved in design of offshore systems.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Environmental conditions; 3. Wave theories; 4. Wave and current loads on slender bodies; 5. Flow-induced instabilities; 6. Large bodies. Linear theory; 7. Large bodies. Second-order effects; 8. Large bodies. Other nonlinear effects; 9. Model testing; Appendix A. Introduction to potential flow theory; Appendix B. Hydrostatics; Appendix C. Damped mass spring system; Appendix D. The boundary integral equation method.

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Book SynopsisIntroduces the two most common numerical methods for heat transfer and fluid dynamics equations, using clear and accessible language. This unique approach covers all necessary mathematical preliminaries at the beginning of the book for the reader to sail smoothly through the chapters. Students will work step-by-step through the most common benchmark heat transfer and fluid dynamics problems, firmly grounding themselves in how the governing equations are discretized, how boundary conditions are imposed, and how the resulting algebraic equations are solved. Providing a detailed discussion of the discretization steps and time approximations, and clearly presenting concepts of explicit and implicit formulations, this graduate textbook has everything an instructor needs to prepare students for their exams and future careers. Each illustrative example shows students how to draw comparisons between the results obtained using the two numerical methods, and at the end of each chapter they can tTrade Review'I am delighted to recommend this textbook to beginners and early career researchers wanting to work in computational heat and fluid flow problems. This book is a useful tool for teaching postgraduate and senior undergraduate courses and will be an excellent addition to the bookshelves of senior researchers.' Perumal Nithiarasu, Swansea UniversityTable of ContentsPart I. Preliminaries: 1. Mathematical Preliminaries; 2. Equations of Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics; 3. Solution Methods for Algebraic Equations; Part II. The Finite Element Method: 4. The Finite Element Method: Steady-State Heat Transfer; 5. The Finite Element Method: Unsteady Heat Transfer; 6. Finite Element Analysis of Viscous Incompressible Flows; Part III. The Finite Volume Method: 7. The Finite Volume Method: Diffusion Problems; 8. The Finite Volume Method: Advection-Diffusion Problems; 9. Finite Volume Methods for Viscous Incompressible Flows; 10. Advanced Topics.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. The Nature of Fluids and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluids 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluids 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluids and Bernoulli’s Equation 7. General Energy Equation 8. Reynolds Number, Laminar Flow, Turbulent Flow, and Energy Losses Due to Friction 9. Velocity Profiles for Circular Sections and Flow in Noncircular Sections 10. Minor Losses 11. Parallel and Branching Pipeline Systems 12. Pump Selection and Application 13. Open-Channel Flow 14. Flow Measurement 15. Forces Due to Fluids in Motion 16. Drag and Lift 17. Fans, Blowers, Compressors, and the Flow of Gases 18. Flow of Air in Ducts APPENDICES A. Properties of Water B. Properties of Common Liquids C. Typical Properties of Petroleum Lubricating Oils D. Variation of Viscosity with Temperature E. Properties of Air F. Dimensions of Steel Pipe G. Dimensions of Steel Tubing H. Dimensions of Type K Copper Tubing I. Dimensions of Ductile Iron Pipe J. Areas of Circles K. Conversion Factors L. Properties of Areas M. Properties of Solids N. Gas Constant, Adiabatic Exponent, and Critical Pressure Ratio for Selected Gases Answers to Selected Problems Index

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Book SynopsisPublished nearly a decade ago, Fluid Machinery: Performance, Analysis, and Design quickly became popular with students, professors, and professionals because of its comprehensive and comprehensible introduction to the fluid mechanics of turbomachinery. Renamed to reflect its wider scope and reorganized content, this second edition provides a more logical flow of information that will enhance understanding. In particular, it presents a consistent notation within and across chapters, updating material when appropriate. Although the authors do account for the astounding growth in the field of computational fluid dynamics that has occurred since publication of the first edition, this text emphasizes traditional one-dimensional layout and points the way toward using CFD for turbomachinery design and analysis. Presents Extensive Examples and Design Exercises to Illustrate Performance Parameters and Machine GeometryBy focTable of ContentsIntroduction. Similitude and Scaling. Scaling Laws, Limitations, and Cavitation. Turbomachinery Noise. Selection and Preliminary Design. Energy Transfer and Diffusion in Turbomachines. Velocity Diagrams and Flowpath Layout. Cascade Analysis. Quasi-Three-Dimensional Flow. Advanced Topics in Performance and Design.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a guide to numerical methods for solving fluid dynamics problems. The most widely used discretization and solution methods, which are also found in most commercial CFD-programs, are described in detail. Some advanced topics, like moving grids, simulation of turbulence, computation of free-surface flows, multigrid methods and parallel computing, are also covered. Since CFD is a very broad field, we provide fundamental methods and ideas, with some illustrative examples, upon which more advanced techniques are built. Numerical accuracy and estimation of errors are important aspects and are discussed in many examples. Computer codes that include many of the methods described in the book can be obtained online. This 4th edition includes major revision of all chapters; some new methods are described and references to more recent publications with new approaches are included. Former Chapter 7 on solution of the Navier-Stokes equations has been split into two Chapters to allow for a more detailed description of several variants of the Fractional Step Method and a comparison with SIMPLE-like approaches. In Chapters 7 to 13, most examples have been replaced or recomputed, and hints regarding practical applications are made. Several new sections have been added, to cover, e.g., immersed-boundary methods, overset grids methods, fluid-structure interaction and conjugate heat transfer.Table of ContentsBasic Concepts of Fluid Flow.- Introduction to Numerical Methods.- Finite Difference Methods.- Finite Volume Methods.- Solution of Linear Equation Systems.-Methods for Unsteady Problems.- Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equations.- Complex Geometries.- Turbulent Flows.- Compressible Flows.- Efficiency, Accuracy and Grid Quality.- Special Topics.

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Book SynopsisThis ninth edition adds a section examining the modern context of fluid mechanics and associated issues including climate change, new forms of energy generation, and fresh water conservation.Table of Contents1. Fundamental Concepts 2. Fluid Statics 3. The Principles Governing Fluids in Motion 4. The Momentum Equation 5. Physical Similarity and Dimensional Analysis 6. Laminar Flow Between Solid Boundaries 7. Flow and Losses in Pipes and Fittings 8. Boundary Layers, Wakes and Other Shear Layers 9. The Flow of an Inviscid Fluid 10. Flow with a Free Surface 11. Compressible Flow of Gases 12. Unsteady Flow 13. Fluid Machines 14. Fluid Mechanics in a Changing World Appendix 1: Units and Conversion Factors Appendix 2: Physical Constants and Properties of Fluids Appendix 3: Tables of Gas Flow Functions Appendix 4: Algebraic Symbols Answers to Problems

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Book SynopsisThe origin of "Aerodynamic Design of Transport Aircraft" stems from the time when the author was appointed part-time professor in the Aerospace Faculty of Delft University of Technology. At that time, his main activities were those of leading the departments of Aerodynamics, Performance and Preliminary Design at Fokker Aircraft Company. The groundwork for this book started in 1987 as a series of lecture notes consisting mainly of pictorial material with a minimum of English explanatory text. After the demise of Fokker in 1996 one feared that interest in aeronautical engineering would strongly diminish. As a result of this, the course was discontinued and the relationship between the author and the faculty came to an end. Two years later the situation was re-appraised, and the interest in aeronautical engineering remained, so the course was reinstated with a former Fokker colleague Ronald Slingerland as lecturer. The lecture notes from these courses form the foundation of this publication.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a collection of over 225 multiple choice type questions (MCQs) and more than 40 practice/exam questions with solutions. This book complements a 2-volume textbook set titled Thermal Engineering by the same author. The answers are adequately supported by well-illustrated diagrams wherever necessary for better understanding of the concepts. The book also included steam tables as an appendix to aid in problem solving .This book proves useful for undergraduate students of mechanical engineering and related disciplines. The book is used in conjunction with the author's textbook set on thermal engineering or as a supplement to other core textbooks and lecture materials. It is used to support classroom teaching or as a self-study guide. The problem-solution format also proves useful for students and professionals involved in exam prep for graduate university entrance tests and professional certifications. Table of ContentsBasic of Thermodynamics.- First Law of Thermodynamics.- Second Law of Thermodynamics.- Entropy.- Properties of Pure Substance.- Vapor Power Cycles.- IC Engines.- Gas Turbine.

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Book SynopsisComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely applied in a wide variety of industrial applications, including aeronautics, astronautics, energy, chemical, pharmaceuticals, power and petroleum.This unique compendium documents the recent developments in CFD based on kinetic theories, introducing flux reconstruction strategies of kinetic methods for the simulation of complex incompressible and compressible flows, namely the lattice Boltzmann and the gas kinetic flux solvers (LBFS or GKFS). LBFS and GKFS combine advantages of both Navier-Stokes (N-S) solvers and kinetic solvers.Detailed derivations, evaluations and applications of LBFS and GKFS, and their advantages over conventional flux reconstruction strategies are analyzed and discussed in the volume.The must-have reference text is useful for scholars, researchers, professionals and students who are keen in CFD methods and numerical simulations.

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This textbook provides a clear and concise introduction to both theory and application of fluid dynamics. It has a wide scope, frequent references to experiments, and numerous exercises (with hints and answers).

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Book SynopsisAnalysis of Transport Phenomena, Second Edition, provides a unified treatment of momentum, heat, and mass transfer, emphasizing the concepts and analytical techniques that apply to these transport processes. The second edition has been revised to reinforce the progression from simple to complex topics and to better introduce the applied mathematics that is needed both to understand classical results and to model novel systems. A common set of formulation, simplification, and solution methods is applied first to heat or mass transfer in stationary media and then to fluid mechanics, convective heat or mass transfer, and systems involving various kinds of coupled fluxes.FEATURES: * Explains classical methods and results, preparing students for engineering practice and more advanced study or research* Covers everything from heat and mass transfer in stationary media to fluid mechanics, free convection, and turbulence* Improved organization, including the establishment of a more integrativeTrade Review"Deen is the gold standard for teaching graduate-level transport phenomena to chemical engineers." -Yossef Elabd, Drexel UniversityTable of ContentsPreface ; List of Symbols ; CHAPTER 1. DIFFUSIVE FLUXES AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES ; 1.1 INTRODUCTION ; 1.2 BASIC CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS ; 1.3 DIFFUSIVITIES FOR ENERGY, SPECIES, AND MOMENTUM ; 1.4 MAGNITUDES OF TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS ; 1.5 MOLECULAR INTERPRETATION OF TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS ; 1.6 LIMITATIONS ON LENGTH AND TIME SCALES ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 2. FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ; 2.1 INTRODUCTION ; 2.2 GENERAL FORMS OF CONSERVATION EQUATIONS ; 2.3 CONSERVATION OF MASS ; 2.4 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY: THERMAL EFFECTS ; 2.5 HEAT TRANSFER AT INTERFACES ; 2.6 CONSERVATION OF CHEMICAL SPECIES ; 2.7 MASS TRANSFER AT INTERFACES ; 2.8 MOLECULAR VIEW OF SPECIES CONSERVATION ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 3. FORMULATION AND APPROXIMATION ; 3.1 INTRODUCTION ; 3.2 ONE-DIMENSIONAL EXAMPLES ; 3.3 ORDER-OF-MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION AND SCALING ; 3.4 <"DIMENSIONALITY>" IN MODELING ; 3.5 TIME SCALES IN MODELING ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 4. SOLUTION METHODS BASED ON SCALING CONCEPTS ; 4.1 INTRODUCTION ; 4.2 SIMILARITY METHOD ; 4.3 REGULAR PERTURBATION ANALYSIS ; 4.4 SINGULAR PERTURBATION ANALYSIS ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 5. SOLUTION METHODS FOR LINEAR PROBLEMS ; 5.1 INTRODUCTION ; 5.2 PROPERTIES OF LINEAR BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEMS ; 5.3 FINITE FOURIER TRANSFORM METHOD ; 5.4 BASIS FUNCTIONS ; 5.5 FOURIER SERIES ; 5.6 FFT SOLUTIONS FOR RECTANGULAR GEOMETRIES ; 5.7 FFT SOLUTIONS FOR CYLINDRICAL GEOMETRIES ; 5.8 FFT SOLUTIONS FOR SPHERICAL GEOMETRIES ; 5.9 POINT-SOURCE SOLUTIONS ; 5.10 MORE ON SELF-ADJOINT EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS AND FFT ; SOLUTIONS ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 6. FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID MECHANICS ; 6.1 INTRODUCTION ; 6.2 CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM ; 6.3 TOTAL STRESS, PRESSURE, AND VISCOUS STRESS ; 6.4 FLUID KINEMATICS ; 6.5 CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS FOR VISCOUS STRESS ; 6.6 FLUID MECHANICS AT INTERFACES ; 6.7 FORCE CALCULATIONS ; 6.8 STREAM FUNCTION ; 6.9 DIMENSIONLESS GROUPS AND FLOW REGIMES ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 7. UNIDIRECTIONAL AND NEARLY UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW ; 7.1 INTRODUCTION ; 7.2 STEADY FLOW WITH A PRESSURE GRADIENT ; 7.3 STEADY FLOW WITH A MOVING SURFACE ; 7.4 TIME-DEPENDENT FLOW ; 7.5 LIMITATIONS OF EXACT SOLUTIONS ; 7.6 NEARLY UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 8. CREEPING FLOW ; 8.1 INTRODUCTION ; 8.2 GENERAL FEATURES OF LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER FLOW ; 8.3 UNIDIRECTIONAL AND NEARLY UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLUTIONS ; 8.4 STREAM-FUNCTION SOLUTIONS ; 8.5 POINT-FORCE SOLUTIONS ; 8.6 PARTICLES AND SUSPENSIONS ; 8.7 CORRECTIONS TO STOKES' LAW ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 9. LAMINAR FLOW AT HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER ; 9.1 INTRODUCTION ; 9.2 GENERAL FEATURES OF HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER FLOW ; 9.3 IRROTATIONAL FLOW ; 9.4 BOUNDARY LAYERS AT SOLID SURFACES ; 9.5 INTERNAL BOUNDARY LAYERS ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 10. FORCED-CONVECTION HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONFINED LAMINAR FLOWS ; 10.1 INTRODUCTION ; 10.2 PECLET NUMBER ; 10.3 NUSSELT AND SHERWOOD NUMBERS ; 10.4 ENTRANCE REGION ; 10.5 FULLY DEVELOPED REGION ; 10.6 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY: MECHANICAL EFFECTS ; 10.7 TAYLOR DISPERSION ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 11. FORCED-CONVECTION HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN UNCONFINED LAMINAR FLOWS ; 11.1 INTRODUCTION ; 11.2 HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CREEPING FLOW ; 11.3 HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYERS ; 11.4 SCALING LAWS FOR NUSSELT AND SHERWOOD NUMBERS ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 12. TRANSPORT IN BUOYANCY-DRIVEN FLOW ; 12.1 INTRODUCTION ; 12.2 BUOYANCY AND THE BOUSSINESQ APPROXIMATION ; 12.3 CONFINED FLOWS ; 12.4 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND BOUNDARY-LAYER EQUATIONS ; 12.5 UNCONFINED FLOWS ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 13. TRANSPORT IN TURBULENT FLOW ; 13.1 INTRODUCTION ; 13.2 BASIC FEATURES OF TURBULENCE ; 13.3 TIME-SMOOTHED EQUATIONS ; 13.4 EDDY DIFFUSIVITY MODELS ; 13.5 OTHER APPROACHES FOR TURBULENT-FLOW CALCULATIONS ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 14. SIMULTANEOUS ENERGY AND MASS TRANSFER AND MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS ; 14.1 INTRODUCTION ; 14.2 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY: MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS ; 14.3 SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ; 14.4 INTRODUCTION TO COUPLED FLUXES ; 14.5 STEFAN-MAXWELL EQUATIONS ; 14.6 GENERALIZED DIFFUSION IN DILUTE MIXTURES ; 14.7 GENERALIZED STEFAN-MAXWELL EQUATIONS ; References ; Problems ; CHAPTER 15. TRANSPORT IN ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS ; 15.1 INTRODUCTION ; 15.2 FORMULATION OF MACROSCOPIC PROBLEMS ; 15.3 MACROSCOPIC EXAMPLES ; 15.4 EQUILIBRIUM DOUBLE LAYERS ; 15.5 ELECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA ; References ; Problems ; APPENDIX A. VECTORS AND TENSORS ; A.1 INTRODUCTION ; A.2 REPRESENTATION OF VECTORS AND TENSORS ; A.3 VECTOR AND TENSOR PRODUCTS ; A.4 VECTOR-DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS ; A.5 INTEGRAL TRANSFORMATIONS ; A.6 POSITION VECTORS ; A.7 ORTHOGONAL CURVILINEAR COORDINATES ; A.8 SURFACE GEOMETRY ; References ; APPENDIX B. ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNCTIONS ; B.1 INTRODUCTION ; B.2 FIRST-ORDER EQUATIONS ; B.3 EQUATIONS WITH CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS ; B.4 BESSEL AND SPHERICAL BESSEL EQUATIONS ; B.5 OTHER EQUATIONS WITH VARIABLE COEFFICIENTS ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Rocket Engine Fundamentals 3. Nuclear Rocket Engine Cycles 4. Interplanetary Mission Analysis 5. Basic Nuclear Structure and Processes 6. Neutron Flux Energy Distribution 7. Neutron Balance Equation and Transport Theory 8. Multigroup Neutron Diffusion Equations 9. Thermal Fluid Aspects of Nuclear Rockets 10. Turbomachinery 11. Nuclear Reactor Kinetics 12. Nuclear Rocket Stability 13. Fuel Burnup and Transmutation 14. Radiation Shielding of Nuclear Rockets 15. Materials for Nuclear Thermal Rockets 16. Nuclear Rocket Engine Testing 17. Safety Considerations for Nuclear Rocket Engines 18. Advanced Nuclear Rocket Concepts Appendix I. Table of Physical Constants II. Thermodynamic Properties of Several Gases III. Selected Data from NERVA Tests

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Book SynopsisBy including classical results as well as recent developments in the field of hydrodynamic stability and transition, the book can be used as a textbook for an introductory, graduate-level course in stability theory or for a special-topics fluids course.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: SIAM REVIEW "This book presents a modern treatment of stability in shear flows. Stability theory has seen a number of classic treatments over the years…Schmid and Henningson’s book builds on these and offers much new material relevant to stability in shear flows…The MATLAB codes included in the appendix and a discussion of the effects of rounding error and resolution on the computations of eigenvalues of linear stability operators will be particularly helpful for students and researchers as they get started with stability computations…As the basis for a course, the first part of the book would permit students to build a solid foundation in classical and modern stability theory, while a selection of advanced topics from the second half of the book could be treated later in the course or through projects and independent study by students." ZENTRALBLATT MATH "The book addresses to graduate students as well as to a broad community of researchers with a basic knowledge of fundamental fluid dynamics…The topics are treated with mathematical rigor while the physical motivation and usefulness of mathematical concepts is kept close at hand. The work is elegantly structured, and the graphical material is very suggestive."Table of Contents1 Introduction and General Results.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Nonlinear Disturbance Equations.- 1.3 Definition of Stability and Critical Reynolds Numbers.- 1.3.1 Definition of Stability.- 1.3.2 Critical Reynolds Numbers.- 1.3.3 Spatial Evolution of Disturbances.- 1.4 The Reynolds-Orr Equation.- 1.4.1 Derivation of the Reynolds-Orr Equation.- 1.4.2 The Need for Linear Growth Mechanisms.- I Temporal Stability of Parallel Shear Flows.- 2 Linear Inviscid Analysis.- 2.1 Inviscid Linear Stability Equations.- 2.2 Modal Solutions.- 2.2.1 General Results.- 2.2.2 Dispersive Effects and Wave Packets.- 2.3 Initial Value Problem.- 2.3.1 The Inviscid Initial Value Problem.- 2.3.2 Laplace Transform Solution.- 2.3.3 Solutions to the Normal Vorticity Equation.- 2.3.4 Example: Couette Flow.- 2.3.5 Localized Disturbances.- 3 Eigensolutions to the Viscous Problem.- 3.1 Viscous Linear Stability Equations.- 3.1.1 The Velocity-Vorticity Formulation.- 3.1.2 The Orr-Sommerfeld and Squire Equations.- 3.1.3 Squire’s Transformation and Squire’s Theorem.- 3.1.4 Vector Modes.- 3.1.5 Pipe Flow.- 3.2 Spectra and Eigenfunctions.- 3.2.1 Discrete Spectrum.- 3.2.2 Neutral Curves.- 3.2.3 Continuous Spectrum.- 3.2.4 Asymptotic Results.- 3.3 Further Results on Spectra and Eigenfunctions.- 3.3.1 Adjoint Problem and Bi-Orthogonality Condition.- 3.3.2 Sensitivity of Eigenvalues.- 3.3.3 Pseudo-Eigenvalues.- 3.3.4 Bounds on Eigenvalues.- 3.3.5 Dispersive Effects and Wave Packets.- 4 The Viscous Initial Value Problem.- 4.1 The Viscous Initial Value Problem.- 4.1.1 Motivation.- 4.1.2 Derivation of the Disturbance Equations.- 4.1.3 Disturbance Measure.- 4.2 The Forced Squire Equation and Transient Growth.- 4.2.1 Eigenfunction Expansion.- 4.2.2 Blasius Boundary Layer Flow.- 4.3 The Complete Solution to the Initial Value Problem.- 4.3.1 Continuous Formulation.- 4.3.2 Discrete Formulation.- 4.4 Optimal Growth.- 4.4.1 The Matrix Exponential.- 4.4.2 Maximum Amplification.- 4.4.3 Optimal Disturbances.- 4.4.4 Reynolds Number Dependence of Optimal Growth.- 4.5 Optimal Response and Optimal Growth Rate.- 4.5.1 The Forced Problem and the Resolvent.- 4.5.2 Maximum Growth Rate.- 4.5.3 Response to Stochastic Excitation.- 4.6 Estimates of Growth.- 4.6.1 Bounds on Matrix Exponential.- 4.6.2 Conditions for No Growth.- 4.7 Localized Disturbances.- 4.7.1 Choice of Initial Disturbances.- 4.7.2 Examples.- 4.7.3 Asymptotic Behavior.- 5 Nonlinear Stability.- 5.1 Motivation.- 5.1.1 Introduction.- 5.1.2 A Model Problem.- 5.2 Nonlinear Initial Value Problem.- 5.2.1 The Velocity-Vorticity Equations.- 5.3 Weakly Nonlinear Expansion.- 5.3.1 Multiple-Scale Analysis.- 5.3.2 The Landau Equation.- 5.4 Three-Wave Interactions.- 5.4.1 Resonance Conditions.- 5.4.2 Derivation of a Dynamical System.- 5.4.3 Triad Interactions.- 5.5 Solutions to the Nonlinear Initial Value Problem.- 5.5.1 Formal Solutions to the Nonlinear Initial Value Problem.- 5.5.2 Weakly Nonlinear Solutions and the Center Manifold.- 5.5.3 Nonlinear Equilibrium States.- 5.5.4 Numerical Solutions for Localized Disturbances.- 5.6 Energy Theory.- 5.6.1 The Energy Stability Problem.- 5.6.2 Additional Constraints.- II Stability of Complex Flows and Transition.- 6 Temporal Stability of Complex Flows.- 6.1 Effect of Pressure Gradient and Crossflow.- 6.1.1 Falkner-Skan (FS) Boundary Layers.- 6.1.2 Falkner-Skan-Cooke (FSC) Boundary layers.- 6.2 Effect of Rotation and Curvature.- 6.2.1 Curved Channel Flow.- 6.2.2 Rotating Channel Flow.- 6.2.3 Combined Effect of Curvature and Rotation.- 6.3 Effect of Surface Tension.- 6.3.1 Water Table Flow.- 6.3.2 Energy and the Choice of Norm.- 6.3.3 Results.- 6.4 Stability of Unsteady Flow.- 6.4.1 Oscillatory Flow.- 6.4.2 Arbitrary Time Dependence.- 6.5 Effect of Compressibility.- 6.5.1 The Compressible Initial Value Problem.- 6.5.2 Inviscid Instabilities and Rayleigh’s Criterion.- 6.5.3 Viscous Instability.- 6.5.4 Nonmodal Growth.- 7 Growth of Disturbances in Space.- 7.1 Spatial Eigenvalue Analysis.- 7.1.1 Introduction.- 7.1.2 Spatial Spectra.- 7.1.3 Gaster’s Transformation.- 7.1.4 Harmonic Point Source.- 7.2 Absolute Instability.- 7.2.1 The Concept of Absolute Instability.- 7.2.2 Briggs’ Method.- 7.2.3 The Cusp Map.- 7.2.4 Stability of a Two-Dimensional Wake.- 7.2.5 Stability of Rotating Disk Flow.- 7.3 Spatial Initial Value Problem.- 7.3.1 Primitive Variable Formulation.- 7.3.2 Solution of the Spatial Initial Value Problem.- 7.3.3 The Vibrating Ribbon Problem.- 7.4 Nonparallel Effects.- 7.4.1 Asymptotic Methods.- 7.4.2 Parabolic Equations for Steady Disturbances.- 7.4.3 Parabolized Stability Equations (PSE).- 7.4.4 Spatial Optimal Disturbances.- 7.4.5 Global Instability.- 7.5 Nonlinear Effects.- 7.5.1 Nonlinear Wave Interactions.- 7.5.2 Nonlinear Parabolized Stability Equations.- 7.5.3 Examples.- 7.6 Disturbance Environment and Receptivity.- 7.6.1 Introduction.- 7.6.2 Nonlocalized and Localized Receptivity.- 7.6.3 An Adjoint Approach to Receptivity.- 7.6.4 Receptivity Using Parabolic Evolution Equations.- 8 Secondary Instability.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Secondary Instability of Two-Dimensional Waves.- 8.2.1 Derivation of the Equations.- 8.2.2 Numerical Results.- 8.2.3 Elliptical Instability.- 8.3 Secondary Instability of Vortices and Streaks.- 8.3.1 Governing Equations.- 8.3.2 Examples of Secondary Instability of Streaks and Vortices.- 8.4 Eckhaus Instability.- 8.4.1 Secondary Instability of Parallel Flows.- 8.4.2 Parabolic Equations for Spatial Eckhaus Instability.- 9 Transition to Turbulence.- 9.1 Transition Scenarios and Thresholds.- 9.1.1 Introduction.- 9.1.2 Three Transition Scenarios.- 9.1.3 The Most Likely Transition Scenario.- 9.1.4 Conclusions.- 9.2 Breakdown of Two-Dimensional Waves.- 9.2.1 The Zero Pressure Gradient Boundary Layer.- 9.2.2 Breakdown of Mixing Layers.- 9.3 Streak Breakdown.- 9.3.1 Streaks Forced by Blowing or Suction.- 9.3.2 Freestream Turbulence.- 9.4 Oblique Transition.- 9.4.1 Experiments and Simulations in Blasius Flow.- 9.4.2 Transition in a Separation Bubble.- 9.4.3 Compressible Oblique Transition.- 9.5 Transition of Vortex-Dominated Flows.- 9.5.1 Transition in Flows with Curvature.- 9.5.2 Direct Numerical Simulations of Secondary Instability of Crossflow Vortices.- 9.5.3 Experimental Investigations of Breakdown of Cross-flow Vortices.- 9.6 Breakdown of Localized Disturbances.- 9.6.1 Experimental Results for Boundary Layers.- 9.6.2 Direct Numerical Simulations in Boundary Layers.- 9.7 Transition Modeling.- 9.7.1 Low-Dimensional Models of Subcritical Transition.- 9.7.2 Traditional Transition Prediction Models.- 9.7.3 Transition Prediction Models Based on Nonmodal Growth.- 9.7.4 Nonlinear Transition Modeling.- III Appendix.- A Numerical Issues and Computer Programs.- A.1 Global versus Local Methods.- A.2 Runge-Kutta Methods.- A.3 Chebyshev Expansions.- A.4 Infinite Domain and Continuous Spectrum.- A.5 Chebyshev Discretization of the Orr-Sommerfeld Equation.- A.6 MATLAB Codes for Hydrodynamic Stability Calculations.- A.7 Eigenvalues of Parallel Shear Flows.- B Resonances and Degeneracies.- B.1 Resonances and Degeneracies.- B.2 Orr-Sommerfeld-Squire Resonance.- C Adjoint of the Linearized Boundary Layer Equation.- C.1 Adjoint of the Linearized Boundary Layer Equation.- D Selected Problems on Part I.

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Book SynopsisNotable advances of the last quarter-century have deepened our appreciation of the three-dimensional nature of the ocean''s large-scale circulation. This circulation has important implications for ocean chemistry and biology, atmospheric science, and climate. Ocean Circulation in Three Dimensions surveys both observations and theories of the time-mean circulation, enabling readers to see the relevance and limitations of leading theories, as well as the patterns linking the behavior of different oceans. The book covers classical topics of horizontal circulation, and expands them to include shallow wind-driven overturning, the deep global conveyer belt, high latitudes, the role of eddies, and the ocean''s role in heat transport. Solutions to exercises are available online for instructor use. This textbook is ideal for students of physical oceanography, chemical oceanography and climate. It is also suitable for readers from related fields as it includes a summary of introductory topics.Table of Contents1. Physical oceanography: methods and dynamical framework; 2. Rotating and shallow water flow; 3. Two-dimensional horizontal circulation; 4. Surface and mixed layer properties; 5. Depth-dependent gyre circulation; 6. Equatorial circulation, shallow overturning, and up-welling; 7. Eddies and small scale mixing; 8. Deep meridional overturning; 9. The Southern Ocean nexus; 10. Arctic circulation; 11. Heat flux, freshwater flux, and climate; Appendix A. Data sources; Appendix B. Vector calculus and spherical coordinates; Appendix C. Tables of notation and useful values; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisTransport barriers are observed inhibitors of the spread of substances in flows. The collection of such barriers offers a powerful geometric template that frames the main pathways, or lack thereof, in any transport process. This book surveys effective and mathematically grounded methods for defining, locating and leveraging transport barriers in numerical simulations, laboratory experiments, technological processes and nature. It provides a unified treatment of material developed over the past two decades, focusing on the methods that have a solid foundation and broad applicability to data sets beyond simple model flows. The intended audience ranges from advanced undergraduates to researchers in the areas of turbulence, geophysical flows, aerodynamics, chemical engineering, environmental engineering, flow visualization, computational mathematics and dynamical systems. Detailed open-source implementations of the numerical methods are provided in an accompanying collection of Jupyter notTrade Review'This is a must read for anyone interested in data-driven fluid mechanics. Coherent structures are central to how we understand fluids, and Haller has been a pioneer in this field for decades. This book covers an exciting range of topics from introductory to advanced material, complete with beautiful graphics and illustrations.' Steven L. Brunton, University of Washington'George Haller has written a clear, well-illustrated text that step-by-step explains the mathematics needed to understand and quantify fluid motions that cause mixing and describes and identifies the corresponding transport barriers to mixing processes. The ideas are introduced in a systematic way, with examples that highlight analytical features, software available via github, and interpretations to help the reader build intuition for the mathematical concepts and their application to physical processes.' Howard A. Stone, Princeton University'Dynamical systems theory was developed in the 1980s, but for fluid dynamics has not played the prominent role it deserves. The present insightful and well-written book `Transport Barriers and Coherent Structure in Flow Data' by George Haller now bridges this gap between modern fluid dynamics and dynamical systems theory. It is based on mathematically grounded and solid methods, which are then applied to fluid dynamical problems and data sets. It also includes the usage of modern data-driven methods. The book is complemented by clickable links to a library of numerical implementations of transport barrier detection methods. It is a wonderful textbook for Turbulence and Advanced Fluid Mechanics classes for students in Applied Mathematics, Physics, and Mechanical and Chemical Engineering alike and unmissable for scientists working at the interface between dynamical systems theory and fluid dynamics.' Detlef Lohse, University of TwenteTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Eulerian and Lagrangian fundamentals; 3. Objectivity of transport barriers; 4. Barriers to chaotic advection; 5. Lagrangian and objective Eulerian coherent structures; 6. Flow separation and attachment surfaces as transport barriers; 7. Inertial LCSs: Transport barriers in finite-size particle motion; 8. Passive barriers to diffusive and stochastic transport; 9. Dynamically active barriers to transport; Appendix; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of Classical Mechanics in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics describes the motions of rigid bodies and shows how classical mechanics has important applications to geophysics, as in the precessions of the earth, oceanic tides, and the retreat of the moon from the earth owing to the tidal friction. Unlike the more general mechanics textbooks this gives a unique presentation of these applications. The coverage of geophysical fluid dynamics has been revised, with a new chapter on various kinds of gravity waves, a new section on geostrophic turbulence, and new material on the Euler angles, the precession and nutation of a Lagrange top, RayleighâBÃnard convection, and the Ekman flow.This textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students outlines and provides links between classical mechanics and geophysical fluid dynamics. It is particularly suitable for geophysics, meteorology, and oceanography students on mechanics and fluid dynamics courses, as well as servTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Kinematics 3. Force and Motion 4. Inertial Force 5. Work and Energy 6. Oscillatory Motion 7. Mechanics of Rigid Bodies 8. Momentum and Impulse 9. Angular Momentum Equation 10. Motion of Rigid Bodies 11. Orbital Motion of Planets 12. Introduction to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics 13. Phenomena in Geophysical Fluids: Part I 14. Phenomena in Geophysical Fluids: Part II 15. Phenomena in Geophysical Fluids: Part III Appendices A. Acceleration in Spherical Coordinates B. Vector Analysis C. Useful Constants and Parameters D. Answers to Problems E. Further Reading

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Book SynopsisWritten in the learner's point of view, this book focuses on understanding the principle of flow. Beneficial to both the beginners in this field as well as experts in other fields. Ideal for college students, graduate students, engineers, and technicians who may all find the book informative and attractive.Table of Contents1. Fluids and fluid mechanics; 2. Forces in a static fluid; 3. Description of fluid motion; 4. Basic equations of fluid dynamics; 5. Inviscid flow and potential flow method; 6. Viscous shear flow; 7. Fundamentals of compressible flow; 8. Similarity and dimensional analysis; 9. Analysis of some flow phenomena.

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Book SynopsisAn invaluable reference for graduate students and academic researchers, this book introduces the basic terminology, methods and theory of the physics of flow in porous media. Geometric concepts, such as percolation and fractals, are explained and simple simulations are created, providing readers with both the knowledge and the analytical tools to deal with real experiments. It covers the basic hydrodynamics of porous media and how complexity emerges from it, as well as establishing key connections between hydrodynamics and statistical physics. Covering current concepts and their uses, this book is of interest to applied physicists and computational/theoretical Earth scientists and engineers seeking a rigorous theoretical treatment of this topic. Physics of Flow in Porous Media fills a gap in the literature by providing a physics-based approach to a field that is mostly dominated by engineering approaches.Table of Contents1 Introduction; 2. Geometry of Porous Media; 3. Fractals; 4. Percolation; 5. Laminar Flow in Channels and Tubes; 6. The Hydrodynamic Equations; 7. The Darcey Law; 8. Dispersion; 9. Capillary Action; 10. The Hele-Shaw Cell and Linear Stability Analysis; 11. Displacement Patterns in Porous Media; 12. Continuum Descriptions of Multi-phase Flow; 13. Particle Stimulations of Multiphase Flows; Appendix A; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisAn accessible and rigorous introduction to classical fluid mechanics, with a robust emphasis on theoretical foundations and mathematical exposition. Suitable for a one- or two-semester sequence, it provides a flexible teaching pathway for graduate students in aerospace, mechanical, chemical, and civil engineering, and applied mathematics.Trade Review'An excellent first-level graduate textbook on fundamentals of fluid mechanics. By starting the book from the very basic vector notation, Professor Powers has made the book accessible to a large number of students who need to strengthen their mathematical background as well. This book will take the students all the way through rigorous understanding of hydrodynamic instabilities and turbulence. This is an excellent comprehensive book.' Bala Balachandar, University of Florida'A rigorous mathematical treatise on the mechanics of fluids, in the spirit of Batchelor and Truesdell, something rarely seen today, and an exceptional counterpart to the many ad hoc books on this subject. For well-prepared students, this is a deeply technical introduction to this centrally important subject of physics and engineering.' Werner J. A. Dahm, Arizona State University'A beautiful book on fluid mechanics: clear, insightful, comprehensive, rigorous, and detailed, with no stones unturned in derivations. This book will be a classic, one that I will often refer to when I need clarity and precision.' Tom Shih, Purdue University'An enlightening 21st-century textbook in fluid mechanics which captures all the essence from the fundamentals of mechanics to the application of fluid dynamics. It comprehensively describes the intricate relationship between mathematics of statistical mechanics and physical observations of Newtonian fluids. This is a unique book which seamlessly relates 20th-century analytical mathematics-based fluid dynamics to 21st-century physics- and CFD-based fluid dynamics. I strongly recommend this book for an advanced undergraduate, or an introductory graduate-level, fluid dynamics course.' Chelakara S. Subramanian, Florida Institute of Technology'This book achieves a rare combination of accessibility and mathematical rigor. It can provide a point of entry into contemporary fluid dynamics for the beginning graduate student while revealing fresh aspects of the subject to the seasoned researcher. I look forward to teaching from it.' William Eric Uspal, University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. Continuum Equations of Fluid Mechanics: 1. Introduction; 2. Geometry; 3. Kinematics; 4. Evolution axioms; 5. Constitutive equations; 6. Governing equations: summary and special cases; Part II. Solutions in Various Flow Regimes: 7. Vortical flow; 8. Potential flow; 9. One-dimensional compressible flow; 10. One-dimensional viscous flow; 11. Multi-dimensional viscous flow; 12. Linearly unstable flow; 13. Nonlinear dynamics for fluid flow; 14. Turbulent flow; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe manipulation of cells and microparticles within microfluidic systems using external forces is valuable for many microscale analytical and bioanalytical applications. Acoustofluidics is the ultrasound-based external forcing of microparticles with microfluidic systems. It has gained much interest because it allows for the simple label-free separation of microparticles based on their mechanical properties without affecting the microparticles themselves. Microscale Acoustofluidics provides an introduction to the field providing the background to the fundamental physics including chapters on governing equations in microfluidics and perturbation theory and ultrasound resonances, acoustic radiation force on small particles, continuum mechanics for ultrasonic particle manipulation, and piezoelectricity and application to the excitation of acoustic fields for ultrasonic particle manipulation. The book also provides information on the design and characterization of ultrasonic particle manipulation devices as well as applications in acoustic trapping and immunoassays. Written by leading experts in the field, the book will appeal to postgraduate students and researchers interested in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip applications.Table of ContentsGoverning equations in microfluidics; Regular perturbation theory for acoustic fields; Linear continuum mechanics; Linear piezoelectric transducers; Building microfluidic acoustic resonators; Experimental characterization of devices; Acoustic radiation force; Applications in acoustophoresis; Modelling and applications of planar resonant devices; Scaling-laws and time scales in acoustofluidics; Affinity acoustophoresis; Biocompatibility and cell viability in microfluidic acoustic resonators; Analysis of acoustic streaming by singular perturbation; Applications in acoustic streaming; Streaming with ultrasound waves interacting with solid particles; Acoustics streaming near liquid-gas interfaces: drops and bubbles; SAW devices; Microscopy for lab-on-a-chip devices; Particle manipulation in acoustic cavities; Applications in acoustic trapping; Enhanced immunoassays and particle sensors; Multiwavelength devices and scale dependent properties; Acoustic manipulation combined with other techniques

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Book SynopsisThis book describes and explains the basis of bio-inspired, leading-edge tubercles based on humpback whale flippers as passive but effective flow control devices, as well as providing a comprehensive practical guide in their applications. It first discusses the morphology of the humpback whale flipper from a biological perspective, before presenting detailed experimental and numerical findings from past investigations by various experts on the benefits of leading-edge tubercles and their engineering implementations.Leading-edge tubercle designs and functions have attracted considerable interest from researchers in terms of understanding their role in the underwater agility of these whales, and to exploit their flow dynamics in the development of new and novel engineering solutions. Extensive research over the past recent years has demonstrated that the maneuverability of these whales is at least in part due to the leading-edge tubercles acting as passive flow control devices to delay stall and increase lift in the post-stall regime. In addition to the inherent benefits in terms of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics, investigations into leading-edge tubercles have also broadened into areas of noise attenuation, stability and industrial applications.This book touches upon these areas, with an emphasis upon the effects of lifting-surface types, flow regimes, tubercle geometries, lifting-surface stability and potential industrial applications, among others. As such, it features contributions from key experts in the fields of biology, physics and engineering who have conducted significant studies into understanding the various aspects of leading-edge tubercles. Given the broad coverage and in-depth analysis, this book will benefit academic researchers, practicing engineers and graduate students interested in tapping into such a unique but highly functional flow control strategy.Table of ContentsOpportunities from Nature.- Perspectives and Applications.- Experimental Aerodynamics.- Geometry Optimization.- Flow Control on Hydrofoils.- Spanwise Flow.- Noise Attenuation.- Dynamic Effects.- Aeroelasticity. ​

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Book SynopsisThis textbook explores the working principles of all kinds of turbomachines. The same theoretical framework is used to analyze the different machine types. The order in which the different kinds are treated is chosen by the possibility of gradually building up theoretical concepts. For each of the turbomachine kinds, a balance is sought between fundamental understanding and knowledge of practical aspects. Readers are invited through challenging exercises to consider how the theory applies to particular cases. This textbook appeals to senior undergraduate and graduate students in mechanical engineering and to professional engineers seeking to understand the operation of turbomachines. Readers will gain a fundamental understanding of turbomachines and will be able to make a reasoned choice of a turbomachine for a particular application. Table of Contents1. Working Principles2. Basic Components3. Fans4. Compressible Fluids5. Performance Measurement6. Steam Turbines7. Dynamic Similitude8. Pumps9. Hydraulic Turbines10. Wind Turbines11. Power Gas Turbines12. Thrust Gas Turbines13. Axial Compressors14. Radial Compressors15. Axial and Radial Turbines for GasesReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book covers some of the fundamental topics in fluid power technology, presenting detailed derivations of formulas that form the basis of the theory. It shows the reader how to properly (i) design basic fluid power systems, (ii) construct lumped parameter models of simple fluid power systems, (iii) perform frequency analysis of fluid power components and systems, and (iv) develop controllers for fluid power systems. The book mainly focusses on mathematical modelling and analysis of fluid power components and systems i.e. practical issues such as working principles and construction of components are not covered in depth. The text is organized in four main parts: I Physics of Fluid, II Fluid Power Components, III Fluid Power Systems and IV Learning by Doing. Table of Contents1 Introduction 11.1 Hydro-statics and hydro-dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1.1 Pascals law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1I Physics of Fluid 32 Fluid parameters 52.1 Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1.1 Force due to shear velocity field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1.2 ViscosityModels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.2 Fluid Compressibility and Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2.1 Equation of State for a Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2.2 Pressure dependent density and stiffness of Fluid-air mixture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Fluids Mechanics 193.1 Conservation ofMass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.1.1 Control Volume Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.1.2 Continuity Equation - Differential form . . . . . . . . . 223.2 Momentum of Fluids - Newton II. Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.2.1 Differential Form- Cartesian Coordinates . . . . . . . . 253.2.2 MomentumEquation of a Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.2.3 Conservation of Momentum - Control Volume Form . . 303.3 Inviscid Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.4 Viscous Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.4.1 Incompressible fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Flow Through Restriction 374.1 Reynolds Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.2 Flow in a tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37vvi CONTENTS4.2.1 FromNaiver-Stokes equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.2.2 Fromforce balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.2.3 Turbulent Flow in Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.2.4 Summary on Flow in Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434.3 Flow in Gaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.3.1 FromForce Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.3.2 Velocity Profile fromNaiver-Stokes Equation . . . . . . 464.3.3 Summary on flow between parallel plates . . . . . . . . 484.4 The Orifice Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.4.1 Laminar versus turbulent orifice flow . . . . . . . . . . . 52II Fluid Power Components 555 Fluid Power Pumps 575.1 Displacement Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.1.1 Data Sheet Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.1.2 Single Piston Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585.2 The General PumpModel - steady state . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585.2.1 Ideal PumpModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.2.2 Non-ideal PumpModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605.2.3 Summary on General PumpModel . . . . . . . . . . . . 625.3 Pump Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645.3.1 Gear pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645.3.2 Vane Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655.3.3 Piston Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675.3.4 Discrete Displacement pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 Rotary Actuator* 716.1 MotorModels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.1.1 IdealMotorModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.1.2 Non-idealMotorModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 Linear Actuators- Fluid Power Cylinders 757.1 Differential Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.1.1 Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.1.2 Steady StateModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797.1.3 Summery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817.2 Multi-Chamber Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82CONTENTS vii8 Control Elements - Valves 838.1 General ValveModels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838.2 Directional Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848.2.1 Check Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848.2.2 On-Off Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858.2.3 Directional Spool Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858.2.4 Flow Force on Spool Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.2.5 Servo valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918.2.6 Direct Drive Servo Valves -Moog D633 . . . . . . . . . 928.3 Pressure control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958.3.1 Pressure relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958.3.2 Pressure Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988.3.3 Pressure Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008.4 Flow Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.4.1 Throttle Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.4.2 Pressure Compensated Flow Control Valve . . . . . . . 1058.4.3 Pressure Compensated Flow Control Valve - By Pass . . 1088.5 Pressure Compensated Proportional Valves . . . . . . . . . . . 1129 Accumulators 1159.1 Piston Accumulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159.1.1 Mass Loaded Piston Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169.1.2 Spring Loaded Piston Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . 1179.1.3 Gas loaded piston Accumulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1179.2 Bladder Accumulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1189.3 DiaphragmAccumulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11910 Pipes and Hoses 12110.1 Fluid Power Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12210.2 Fluid Power Hoses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12210.2.1 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12310.3 Steady State Transmission LineModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12310.4 Dynamic Transmission LineModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12310.4.1 Lumped ParameterModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123III Fluid Power Systems 12711 System Design 12911.1 Synthesis of Fluid Power Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12911.1.1 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13011.1.2 Operation of Sub Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13011.1.3 System Architecture - Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131viii CONTENTS11.1.4 System Pressure Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13111.1.5 Actuator sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13211.1.6 Pump and PrimaryMover Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13211.1.7 Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13311.1.8 Fluid Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13411.1.9 Control Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13611.1.10Steady state analysis - overall efficiency . . . . . . . . . 13611.1.11Tank and cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13611.1.12 Filtration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13711.2 Steady State Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14011.2.1 Simple differential cylinder system . . . . . . . . . . . . 14011.2.2 Differential Cylinder System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14512 Modelling and Analysis 14912.1 Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15012.1.1 LinearModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15012.1.2 Frequency analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15212.2 Symmetric Cylinder Valve Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15412.2.1 Time DomainModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15412.2.2 Reduced OrderModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15612.2.3 Linear Reduced OrderModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16012.2.4 Linear model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16212.2.5 Transfer Function for the Reduced Order Model . . . . 16512.2.6 Results of Full System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17212.3 Fixed Displacement Motor Valve drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17312.3.1 Time DomainModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17412.3.2 Reduced OrderModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17512.3.3 Reduced Order Linear and Laplace Domain Model . . . 17612.3.4 Linear model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176IV Controlof Fluid Power Systems 17913 Controller Design and System Manipulations 18113.1 Pressure feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18213.2 Flow Feed Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18313.2.1 Passive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18413.2.2 Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18513.3 Valve Compensator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18613.4 Valve Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18713.5 Multi-Input Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18713.5.1 SMISMO - System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188CONTENTS ix14 Reference generation 19114.1 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19114.1.1 Maximumpower transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19114.1.2 Power request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19214.2 Input versus state requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19214.3 Polynomial position reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193V Exercises and Solutions 19515 Problem Solving 19715.1 FluidMechanics I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19815.1.1 Fluid Compressibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19815.1.2 Fluid Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19815.1.3 Viscous force on rotating body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19915.1.4 FluidMomentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19915.2 FluidMechanics II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20115.2.1 Orifice flow I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20115.2.2 Orifice flow II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20115.2.3 Pipe flow I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20215.2.4 Pipe flow II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20215.2.5 Pipe flow III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20315.2.6 Velocity profile in an annular flow . . . . . . . . . . . . 20315.3 Pumps,Motors and Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20415.3.1 Pump I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20415.3.2 Pump II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20415.3.3 Motor I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20415.3.4 Cylinder I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20415.3.5 Cylinder II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20515.3.6 Cylinder III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20615.3.7 Volumetric Pump Efficiency - VLE* . . . . . . . . . . . 20715.3.8 Pump Efficiency map - VLE* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20715.3.9 Constant Pressure Pump - VLE* . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20715.3.10Hydrostatic Transmission - VLE* . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20715.3.11Valve cylinder drive - VLE* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20815.4 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20915.4.1 Pressure relief valve I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20915.4.2 Valve flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20915.5 Steady State SystemAnalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21015.5.1 System 1, raising the piston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21015.5.2 System 1, lowering the piston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21115.5.3 System 2 - with flow control valve . . . . . . . . . . . . 21215.5.4 System 3 -Motor lifting the load . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213x CONTENTS15.5.5 System 3 -Motor lowering the load . . . . . . . . . . . . 21315.5.6 System 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21515.6 System Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21615.6.1 Workshop system flow control valves - Steady state . . . 21615.6.2 Dynamic model of Workshop system - Servo valves . . . 21715.7 System Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21815.7.1 Pilot Chamber I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21815.7.2 Pilot Chamber II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21815.7.3 Pressure relief valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21915.7.4 System analysis - Differential cylinder and servo valve . 21915.8 System Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22015.8.1 Position and velocity control of differential cylinder . . . 22015.8.2 System manipulation by pressure feedback . . . . . . . . 22015.9 System Power Limits and Input Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . 22115.9.1 Maximum load pressure, flow diagram . . . . . . . . . . 22115.9.2 Position input trajectory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22115.9.3 Simulation of position trajectory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22115.10System design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22216 Solution 23516.1 FluidMechanics I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23616.1.1 Fluid Compressibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23616.1.2 Fluid Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23616.1.3 Viscous force on rotating body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23816.1.4 FluidMomentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23816.2 FluidMechanics II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24016.2.1 Orifice Flow I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24016.2.2 Orifice Flow II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24016.2.3 Pipe Flow I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24216.2.4 Pipe Flow II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24216.2.5 Pipe Flow III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24216.2.6 Velocity profile in an annular flow . . . . . . . . . . . . 24316.3 Pumps,Motors and Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24516.3.1 Pump I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24516.3.2 Pump II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24516.3.3 Motor I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24616.3.4 Cylinder I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24616.3.5 Cylinder II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24716.3.6 Cylinder III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24816.4 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25116.4.1 Pressure relief valve I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25116.5 Steady State Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25216.5.1 System 1, raising the piston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252CONTENTS xi16.5.2 System 1, lowering the piston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25216.5.3 System 2 - with flow control valve . . . . . . . . . . . . 25316.5.4 System 3 -Motor lifting the load . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25516.5.5 System 3 -Motor lowering the load . . . . . . . . . . . . 25616.5.6 System 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25616.6 Dynamic Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25716.6.1 Steady State analysis ofWorkshop System. . . . . . . . 25716.6.2 DynamicModel ofWorkshop System. . . . . . . . . . . 26116.7 Frequency Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26316.7.1 Pilot Chamber I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26316.7.2 Pilot Chamber II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26416.7.3 Pressure Relief Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26516.7.4 System analysis -Workshop System . . . . . . . . . . . 265

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Book SynopsisFluid mechanics embraces engineering, science, and medicine. This book’s logical organization begins with an introductory chapter summarizing the history of fluid mechanics and then moves on to the essential mathematics and physics needed to understand and work in fluid mechanics. Analytical treatments are based on the Navier-Stokes equations. The book also fully addresses the numerical and experimental methods applied to flows. This text is specifically written to meet the needs of students in engineering and science. Overall, readers get a sound introduction to fluid mechanics.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:"Durst … cover in a modest volume a wide spectrum of topics including incompressible and compressible flows, gas dynamics, heat transfer, numerical solutions, flows of small and large Reynolds numbers, turbulence, and fluid-flow measurements. … the volume will be valuable for graduate students pursuing fluid mechanics research. It provides thorough analytical coverage of a wide range of fluid mechanics topics and offers brief introductions to numerical and experimental topics. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduate through professional collections." (R. N. Laoulache, Choice, Vol. 46 (9), May, 2009)“Based on the German edition from year 2006, the translated English edition was presented in 2008. It contains 21 chapters. … The book gives a comprehensive survey of the large field of fluid dynamics. It is very useful for students in engineering and physics.” (Bernd Platzer, Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, Vol. 90 (12), 2010)Table of ContentsIntroduction, Importance and Development of Fluid Mechanics.- Mathematical Basics.- Physical Basics.- Basics of Fluid Kinematics.- Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics.- Hydrostatics and Aerostatics.- Similarity Theory.- Integral Forms of the Basic Equations.- Stream Tube Theory.- Potential Flows.- Wave Motions in Non-Viscous Fluids.- to Gas Dynamics.- Stationary, One-Dimensional Fluid Flows of Incompressible, Viscous Fluids.- Time-Dependent, One-Dimensional Flows of Viscous Fluids.- Fluid Flows of Small Reynolds Numbers.- Flows of Large Reynolds Numbers Boundary-Layer Flows.- Unstable Flows and Laminar-Turbulent Transition.- Turbulent Flows.- Numerical Solutions of the Basic Equations.- Fluid Flows with Heat Transfer.- to Fluid-Flow Measurement.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook and exercise book is aimed at future users of computational fluid dynamics software. In addition to the comprehensibly presented basics, the focus is on technical examples treated in detail with supplementary practical hints. Comprehension questions including applications give the beginner confidence in fundamental relationships. The original 4th German edition has been adapted to the latest program version ANSYS 18.1.Table of ContentsAim and structure of the book.- Conservation equations of fluid mechanics.- Discretization.- Computational meshes.- Solution procedure.- Procedure of a numerical flow calculation.- Three application examples.

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Book SynopsisKnowledge is not merely everything we have come to know, but also ideas we have pondered long enough to know in which way they are related, and 1 how these ideas can be put to practical use. Modern aviation has been made possible as a result of much scienti c - search. However, the very rst useful results of this research became ava- able a considerable length of time after the aviation pioneers had made their rst ights. Apparently, researchers were not able to nd an adequate exp- nation for the occurrence of lift until the beginning of the 21st century. Also, for the fundamentals of stability and control, there was no theory available that the pioneers could rely on. Only after the rst motorized ights had been successfully made did researchers become more interested in the science of aviation, which from then on began to take shape. In modern day life, many millions of passengers are transported every year by air. People in the western societies take to the skies, on average, several times a year. Especially in areas surrounding busy airports, travel by plane has been on the rise since the end of the Second World War. Despite becoming familiar with the sight of a jumbo jet commencing its ight once or twice a day, many nd it astonishing that such a colossus with a mass of several hundred thousands of kilograms can actually lift off from the ground.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: “This book was translated from the Dutch textbook Aeronautiek (2002) and then edited by the translators, one of whom is the senior author of the current work. It is an expansion of lecture material used by both Torenbeek and Wittenberg to instruct freshmen aerospace engineers at the Technical University of Delft from 1970 to 2000. … The work is useful to aeronautical engineering students as a good reference and as an adjunct to their course textbooks. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and graduate students.” (A. M. Strauss, Choice, Vol. 47 (5), January, 2010)Table of ContentsPreface; 1 History of Aviation; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Early history and the invention of ballooning; 1.3 The period between 1799 and 1870; 1.4 The decades between 1870 and 1890; 1.5 From 1890 until the Wright Flyer III; 1.6 European aviation between 1906 and 1918; 1.7 Aviation between the world wars; 1.8 Development after 1940; Bibliography; 2 Introduction to Atmospheric Flight; 2.1 Flying – How is that possible?; 2.2 Static and dynamic aviation; 2.3 Forces on the aeroplane; 2.4 Lift, drag and thrust; 2.5 Properties of air; 2.6 The earth’s atmosphere; 2.7 The standard atmosphere; 2.8 Atmospheric flight; Bibliography ; 3 Low-Speed Aerodynamics ; 3.1 Speed domains and compressibility; 3.2 Basic concepts; 3.3 Equations for steady flow; 3.4 Viscous flows; 3.5 The boundary layer; 3.6 Flow separation and drag; 3.7 Shape and scale effects on drag ; Bibliography; 4 Lift and Drag at Low Speeds; 4.1 Function and shape of aeroplane wings; 4.2 Aerofoil sections; 4.3 Circulation and lift; 4.4 Aerofoil section properties; 4.5 Wing geometry; 4.6 High-aspect ratio straight wings; 4.7 Low-aspect ratio wings ; 4.8 The whole aircraft; Bibliography; 5 Aircraft Engines and Propulsion; 5.1 History of engine development; 5.2 Fundamentals of reaction propulsion; 5.3 Engine efficiency and fuel consumption; 5.4 Piston engines in aviation; 5.5 Gas turbine engine components ; 5.6 Non-reheated turbojet and turbofan engines ; 5.7 Turboprop and turboshaft engines; 5.8 Gas turbine engine operation ; 5.9 Propeller performance; Bibliography; 6 Aeroplane Performance; 6.1 Introduction ; 6.2 Airspeed and altitude; 6.3 Equations of motion for symmetric flight; 6.4 Steady straight and level flight; 6.5 Climb and descent ; 6.6 Gliding flight; 6.7 Cruising flight; 6.8 Take-off and landing; 6.9 Horizontal steady turn; 6.10 Manoeuvre and gust loads; Bibliography; 7 Stability and Control; 7.1 Flying qualities; 7.2 Elementary concepts and definitions; 7.3 Tail surfaces and flight control; 7.4 Pitchingmoment of aerofoils; 7.5 Static longitudinal stability; 7.6 Dynamic longitudinal stability; 7.7 Longitudinal control; 7.8 Static lateral stability; 7.9 Dynamic lateral stability; 7.10 Lateral control; 7.11 Stalling and spinning ; Bibliography ; 8 Helicopter Flight Mechanics; 8.1 Helicopter general arrangements; 8.2 Hovering flight ; 8.3 The rotor in level flight; 8.4 Flight performance; 8.5 Stability and control; Bibliography; 9 High-Speed Flight; 9.1 Complications due to the compressibility of air; 9.2 Compressible flow relationships; 9.3 Speed of sound and Mach number; 9.4 Flow in a channel; 9.5 Shock waves and expansion flows; 9.6 High-subsonic speed; 9.7 Transonic speed; 9.8 Supersonic speed; 9.9 Supersonic propulsion; 9.10 Performance and operation; Bibliography; A Units and Dimensions; B Principles of Aerostatics; Index

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Book SynopsisRheology in Polymer Processing introduces the fundamentals of rheology and rheometry as the basis for modeling and computer-aided design in plastics processing. The logically structured content enables the reader to intelligently use the tools of computer-aided design and modeling of plastics processing, with correct interpretation of the results. The book presents difficult and complex issues of rheology and modeling in an accessible way, with particular emphasis on the practical engineering aspects. The software described in the book allows modeling all the important problems of plastics processing. Particular attention is paid to the extrusion process, which is fundamentally important as a processing technology in mass manufacture of plastic parts, and the basis of compounding processes (blending, filling, granulation, and reinforcement). This book is aimed equally at engineers, researchers, and scientists, as well as intermediate students, for whom it will serve as an ideal course book.Table of ContentsKrzysztof Wilczy?ski is Full Professor at the Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, and head of the Department of Plastics Processing. He holds a Ph.D. and a D.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from the Warsaw University of Technology. He was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Akron, and a visiting professor at the Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, as well as at the Kyushu Institute of Technology in Kitakyushu, Japan. He has published over 100 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals and several books, focusing on his research interests of rheology and computer modeling for polymer processing.

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Book SynopsisFluid mechanics is a branch of classical physics that has a rich tradition in applied mathematics and numerical methods. It is at work virtually everywhere, from nature to technology. This broad and fundamental coverage of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) begins with a presentation of basic numerical methods and flows into a rigorous introduction to the subject. A heavy emphasis is placed on the exploration of fluid mechanical physics through CFD, making this book an ideal text for any new course that simultaneously covers intermediate fluid mechanics and computation. Ample examples, problems and computer exercises are provided to allow students to test their understanding of a variety of numerical methods for solving flow physics problems, including the point-vortex method, numerical methods for hydrodynamic stability analysis, spectral methods and traditional CFD topics.Trade Review'The strength of this book lies in its emphasis on a complete presentation of the underlying theories followed by clear steps and concise formulation applied to a plethora of problems, which include basic numerical schemes such as Euler and Runge-Kutta methods and relatively advanced schemes such as the pseudo-spectral method, spectral methods with body fitted grids, and the immersed boundary method … These attributes make it highly attractive as a technical elective for engineering upperclassmen (following an introductory course in fluid mechanics) and forgraduate students, including those studying applied mathematics. Recommended.' R. N. Laoulache, ChoiceTable of Contents1. CFD in perspective; 2. Mappings; 3. Ordinary differential equations – initial value problem; 4. Spatial discretization; 5. Boundary and Eigenvalue ODEs; 6. Methods based on functional expansions; 7. Partial differential equations; 8. Multi-dimensional partial differential equations; References; Index.

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