Engineering: general Books

Book SynopsisAdvances in Engineering Research. Volume 32 opens by describing a general strategy for building Markov chain models and performing computational analysis of characteristics of the process, as well as showing a few examples of applying this approach to modeling mixing, grinding, fluidized bed, etc. Next, the configurations of gas channels and gas diffusion layers influences on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are investigated. Additionally, a numerical method and an experimental method are realized to predict aeroelastic response and characteristic parameters of wing structure. The numerical method is based on coupled algorithms between computational fluid dynamics and computational structural dynamics. A Lagrangian expression based on the state equation of a class of nonlinear system is proposed to develop the corresponding functional. From this, a control law is developed, and by employing the classical Euler-Lagrange approach, the operation of the system was led to a critical point with success. Following this, a roadmap is presented to directly transition from cutting edge experimental and in-situ geospatial data-collection technology to a predictive computational model for volcanic lahars. The soil-pile-structure interaction plays an important role in assessing the vibrations internally generated within structures due to dynamic loads that could bring significant impacts on the structural behavior. As such, the effects of forces on the seismic response of three tall and massive building cases are investigated. In conclusion, research is presented on the joint effect of silica fume and nanosilica on the fresh and hardened properties of natural hydraulic lime-based grouts for mechanical strengthening of old stone masonry walls.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Engineering Research. Volume 33 opens by describing a general strategy for building Markov chain models and performing a computational analysis of characteristics of the process, as well providing a few examples of the applications of this approach. Adaptive differential evolution algorithms are compared with the conventional genetic algorithm in the optimization and identification of the parameters of power electronics systems and electric drives. The authors investigate the impact of a particular flow parameter on mixed flow turbine loss generation and performance, aiming to determine the optimum condition of the turbine operation with respect to the Reynolds number. The effect of the rotor trailing-edge blade angle on mixed flow turbine performance under steady flow conditions is examined. For this end, six mixed flow rotors having different trailing-edge blade angles are numerically designed. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out using the Ansys CFX package. Lastly, a preliminary evaluation and analysis of the structural condition of the Old Church of Saint Andrew is examined. The current study is beset with a multitude of difficulties due to insufficient of technical data. For this reason, an in situ detailed drawing survey is conducted, and the mechanical characteristics of the structure are determined.Table of ContentsPrefaceApplication of the Theory of Markov Chains to Model Different Processes in Particle TechnologyApplications of Adaptive Differential Evolution to Optimize and Identify the Parameters of Power Electronics and Electric MachinesStudy of Reynolds Number Effect on Loss Generations and Performance of One Turbocharger Mixed Flow TurbineEffect of the Trailing-Edge Blade Angle on Mixed Flow Turbine Performance and Flow Structure under Steady Flow ConditionsEvaluation and Diagnosis of Damages of the Old Church of Saint AndrewIndex.

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Book SynopsisIn the opening study of Advances in Engineering Research. Volume 34, five probability distributions which are currently used by researchers, including Normal, Log-Normal II, Gumbel, Pearson type III and Log-Pearson type III, are fitted to the values of ET0 and precipitation related to 30 synoptic stations of Iran with different climates. The authors discuss an energy efficient envelope tracking solution in a power amplifier system for demanding wireless standards. In a wireless transmitter, a huge portion of power is consumed by the power amplifier, and this generates the need for a power-efficient amplifier for longer battery run-time. The authors discuss the ways that may change the way air traffic controllers and others learn and work in air navigation, as well as how they can improve their workload thanks to the implementation of holographic radars. The various methods for the detection of accidental island formation are discussed, as well as the differences between the detection methodologies. Some of the main anti-islanding algorithms are evaluated by means of a MatLab/Simulink® platform employing a single-phase voltage source inverter designed for active power injection into the low-voltage distribution network, using solar photovoltaic as an energy source. The authors survey cryptographic keys management issues related to cloud computing deployment. This provides a critical analysis of cryptographic keys management in the cloud, and explores the most valuable solutions and recommendations used in real-world applications. This compilation also explores the design, preparation, testing and applications of thin-film thermocouples, particularly the tungsten-rhenium thin-film thermocouples proposed by Xi'an Jiaotong University. Later, the best probability distribution function is combined with a suitable plotting position formula in estimating the annual reference evapotranspiration. For this purpose, using meteorological data reported in 30 synoptic stations (1960-2014), the values of reference evapotranspiration were calculated by the FAO56 Penman-Monteith method based on reference conditions. The penultimate chapter studies how to realize double station navigation under the condition that we only know the path difference and the length of baseline between two stations. A one-dimensional equidistant double-base array is directly constructed, and the azimuth angle of the target is solved using the redundant calculation. The final study proposes a technique called "Data as a Service using Data Hibernation and Service Oriented Architecture" that plays a key role in the improvement of the cloud network by enforcing a pay-as-you-go concept.Table of ContentsPreface; The Application of PPCC and L-Moment Methods in Frequency Analysis; An Energy Efficient Envelope Tracking Technique for Demanding Wireless Standards; How Holograms Change the Way of Working and Air Navigation; Accidental Islanding Detection; Comparisons of Anti-Island Strategies Applied at Power Distributed Generation Systems; Cryptographic Key Management Issues in Cloud Computing; Thin-Film Thermocouples for In-Situ Measurement: Design, Preparation, Testing and Applications; Combining the Best Probability Distribution and Plotting Position Formula for Estimating Annual Reference Evapotranspiration; A Two-Station Radio Navigation Method Using the Solution of Redundant Equation; Data Hibernation Concept and Service Oriented Architecture in Cloud Computing; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 35 first provides a classification scheme of assembly line balancing problems according to characteristic practical settings, highlighting relevant model extensions which are required to reflect real-world problems. Additionally, an assembly line balancing problem is introduced through designing an integrated assembly line and addressing the number of workstations and simultaneous assignments of skilled and unskilled workers. The authors describe an analogy between the methods of adaptive control used in classical control theory and practice on the one hand, and the methods of self-learning used in artificial intelligence systems on the other hand. In one study, a long short-term memory (LSTM) and a Bi-LSTM are proposed to use for classifying the activities of daily living. The accuracy of the proposed approach is evaluated against the current state-of-the-art methods. Two questions regarding very large-scale integration (VSLI) implementation of the X11 algorithm are addressed: how such algorithms are efficiently implemented at once, as well as whether it is possible to use the methods applied in such a VLSI in the implementation of more powerful VLSIs. The concluding study illustrates the azimuth concept in synthetic aperture radar through an analytical description of basic state of the art azimuth signal processing performed to generate synthetic aperture radar images.Table of ContentsPreface; Assembly Line Balancing Problems: Classification and Solution Approaches; Integrated Assembly Line Balancing with Collaboration; Classical Control Theory and Methods of Artificial Intelligence: Machine Self-Learning; Long Short-Term Memory Network for Human Activity Classification; Structures of Specialized Computational ASICs of China; Azimuth in Synthetic Aperture Radars; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 36 explores how the coordinated operation of various sources, usually renewable ones with energy storage, is integral to hybrid power systems. Hybrid power systems may vary from few watts to moment magnitude-scale providing energy services. This compilation also approaches for the optimisation of looped water distribution networks supplied from one or more sources, according to demand variation. In one study, 1-degree of freedom and 2-degree of freedom proportional-intergral-derivative and fractional order proportionalintegral-derivative controllers have been designed and applied for the control of a Maglev system. The parameters of the 1- and 2-degree of freedom proportional-intergral-derivative and fractional order proportional-intergral-derivative controllers are tuned by the Cuckoo Search algorithm based on the swarm intelligence approach. In the penultimate chapter, the effect of neglecting either one accumulation term in the energy balance or the energy balance all together in numerical predictions is investigated. Finally, we consider the batch rectification of an acetic acid-water-ethyl acetate ternary mixture. Additionally, the authors discuss management cost analysis, a procedure that can cause major impacts on the economy of a particular activity. Constant observation and efficient monitoring are important to the estimated costs in the planning of mining.Table of ContentsPreface; Training Needs for Operating and Designing Hybrid Power Systems; Optimisation Models of Looped Urban Water Supply Networks; Optimized PID Based Controllers for Improving Transient and Steady State Response of Maglev System; Batch Distillations of Mixtures Containing Water and Acetic Acid: Experiment and Theory; Analysis of the Operational Costs of Drilling and Rock Blasting from a Limestone Quarry; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 37 opens with an analysis of the advantages and mechanisms of ink-jet printing techniques in negative temperature coefficient thermistor ceramics, mainly exploring the basic requirements to ink-jet print ceramic microspheres/beads. The authors go on to provide a brief historical review of the science of natural convection from vertical cylinders, followed by an in-depth review and summary of the major developments in the last 20 years. A survey of frequently encountered classes of convection systems is presented, as well as a cursory introduction to how the concepts and relations derived for a generalized buoyancy-induced flow system may be adapted to each. Solution optimization for task scheduling using a hybrid cuckoo algorithm is discussed. Cuckoo search is an effective algorithm focused on swarm intelligence, efficient for solving highly non-linear optimization problems. Subsequently, heat transfer characteristics of an open cubic cavity of side 0.034 m with thermally insulated side-walls, bottom at constant temperature and top open to the environment is studied experimentally. The authors present frequency domain equalization techniques for single-carrier and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. The described techniques are classic approaches including least squares, zero-forcing, and more. Following this a comprehensive design and implementation based on the STM32 microcontroller is proposed for a two-wheel self-balancing robot. In addition, mathematical modeling is performed based on the thermal behavior of an underground substation of an energy concessionaire in the southern region of Brazil. Lastly, an original architecture of residual neural network using skeleton data is proposed. A new complex linear layer aimed at retrieving the internal relationships of neural cells is discussed.Table of ContentsPreface; Fabrication and Characterization of Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) Thermistors Based on Ink-Jet Printing Technique; Natural Convection for Vertical Cylinders: Recent Breakthroughs; Introduction to Natural Convection: A Primer; A Comprehensive Survey on Cuckoo Search Algorithm and its Application Areas; Natural Convection in an Open Cavity Containing Water Based Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanofluids; Broadband PLC Channel Estimation and Equalization Techniques; Design and Implementation of Control System Using STM32 Microcontroller; Mathematical Modeling from the Thermal Behavior of Underground Substations Based on Actual Data; A New Residual Neural Network Architecture Using Skeleton Data for Human Activity Recognition; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 39 first discusses clustering, a well-known problem in statistics and engineering concerning how to arrange a set of vectors (measurements) into a number of groups (clusters). The fundamental concepts of hierarchical algorithms are described, along with a review of the different linkage criterions and recent developments aimed at improving the pioneer versions. The authors presents recent developments regarding the use of water electrolysis, which results in the obtainment of syngas that may be used for power generation and the production of fuels and chemical intermediate compounds. A multi-objective optimization model for optimizing the operation of natural gas pipeline networks is developed for different network configurations, namely linear, branch and looped topologies. An overview of degummed biodiesel preparation is provided, along with a study of engine performance parameters such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption of degummed biodiesel and their diesel blends. The authors go on to introduce the principles of the Distributed Reflective Denial of Service attack, discussing the threats of this kind of attack, as well as the impact on the victim server and victim network. In the closing study, a comprehensive model of a quadrotor is built with physical analysis, parameter and function identifications. The propeller and motor properties are tested in a wind tunnel in scheduled conditions in the presence of relative air flow.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation opens with a study wherein investigations are conducted on a single cylinder four-stroke common rail direct injection conventional diesel engine using a combination of biodiesels derived from safflower oil methyl ester and dairy scum oil methyl ester in equal ratio. Another study focuses on the effect an internal jet piston provides on the piston surface with varied numbers of holes (2 and 4). A comprehensive overview of solid propellant combustion models and numerical simulations is summarized in an effort to determine an exact propellant burning rate under different operating conditions. The authors demonstrate how advanced mesh morphing based on radial basis functions can be used to update the shape of a component acting directly on its computational mesh. Following this, a new framework is presented for estimating the level of additive white Gaussian noise occurring in a noisy image, investigating the trailing singular values to infer the noise level. The detection technology of fluorescence lidar for biological aerosol is also studied, exploring this technique according to the dependency relation between the intensity and relative content of atmospheric biological aerosol fluorescence. In order to overcome the problem of high transmission loss in visible light communication systems, the authors propose a novel design for a 1Ã4 optical demultiplexer based on the multimode interference in a slot waveguide structure that operates at 547, 559, 566 and 584 nm. A literature review concerning 3D printing models in neurosurgery is performed, offering a new way to approach cerebral pathologies. The closing study discusses the flux-corrected transport algorithm and presents simulation results from several strong shock problems, including benchmark problems as well as impact-generated or explosive-driven shock propagation problems.

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Book SynopsisNetworked Control System (NCS) can be regarded as a special type of control system in which sensors, controllers and actuators are connected to a closed loop. Media-sharing characteristics, time-delay, data packet dropout and data displacement are inevitable phenomena in such a control system, which can greatly degrade the control performance, and even make the control system unstable. Alleviating these effects has become one of the most attractive research hotspots in the last two decades. All the above three problems can be summarized as the time-delay issue. There are two kinds of time-delay compensation strategies: one is active compensation, and the other is passive compensation. For the former, prediction is the core idea. Selecting the appropriate candidate predicted control action according to the time delay information is a feasible solution. For the latter, making the system insensitive to delay is a good choice. This book covers the design, modeling, control, simulation and application of the networked control system. This book addresses some original contributions reporting the latest advances in networked control. It aims to gather the latest research on state-of-the-art methods, simulations and applications of networked control techniques. The editor hopes it can reveal some tendencies in this research field and benefit readers including professional researchers and students. This is an interesting collection of networked control techniques, such as date-based control, tracking control, event-triggered control, formation control, etc.Table of ContentsPreface; Linear-Model-Predictor-Based Networked Predictive Fuzzy Control of Systems with Forward Channel Delays; Design of a Data-Based Networked Tracking Control System; Design and Implementation of a Data-Based Adaptative Networked Tracking Control System with NetCon; PID Temperature Control for an Air Tank System with Parameters Tuning through Network; On Zeno Behavior in Event-Triggered Control of Networked Systems; Robust Guaranteed Performance Consensus for MAS with Time-Delays and Uncertainty; Robust Guaranteed Performance Formation Control for MAS with Uncertain Topologies; About the Editors; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book compiles various recent advancements in engineering research. Chapter One deals with the important research problem of electric current processing and treatment of melts for increasing quality indicators of the produced castings. Chapter Two describes the use of computational fluid dynamics techniques to assess and design intensified distillation systems. Chapter Three examines machine learning opportunities for emerging memory and computing devices discovery. Lastly, Chapter Four details a case study in which an application of different approaches to missing data for short-term electric load forecasting by using an advanced gene expression programming algorithm is comprehensively introduced.Table of ContentsPreface; The Features of Controlled Conductive Electric Current Treatment of Liquid Metals; Analysis of Intensified Distillation Systems through Computational Fluid Dynamics; Machine Learning Accelerating Emerging Memory and Computing Device Discovery; An Application of Different Approaches to Missing Data for Electric Load Forecasting by Using an Advanced Gene Expression Programming Algorithm; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe study of engineering physics emphasises the application of basic scientific principles to the design of equipment, which includes electronic and electro-mechanical systems, for use in measurements, communications, and data acquisition. Engineering mechanics is the basis of all the mechanical sciences -- civil engineering, materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering and aeronautical and aerospace engineering. This book gathers the latest research from around the globe in this field of study. The analysis of existing models of high-temperature synthesis (SHS) is presented with special emphasis on the kinetics of interaction in strongly non-isothermal conditions typical of SHS. A novel multiple model approach is also proposed in order to model and control non-linear behaviour of large structures equipped with non-linear smart control devices. In addition, this book examines the description of the processes which take place during the interaction of neodymium laser radiation (moderate power density) with metal targets. Other chapters in this book examine the main features of oil shale transformation under thermal processing, recent progress in application of radiation techniques for the synthesis and modification of carbon nanostructures, a brief analysis calculating and theoretical models describing free-flowing substance movement, and a discussion of fuzzy classifier based on kernel discriminant analysis (KDA) for two-class and multi-class problems.

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Book SynopsisThis book is dedicated to engineers those who work in the field of gear design, gear production and gear application. The following is understood by "engineers" in the wide sense of the word, namely those involved in design, those who have to study machining methods, those who have who are responsible for overseeing gear production processes and gear tooling specialists. In the following pages, some achievements by the authors along with some of old notions have been brought together, that is things which are already known to many readers but that in any case may be useful to "newcomers". There is also some other updated information which may be useful to those who are not new to the trade. This book should in part be informative while at the same time they should also form a kind of pocket handbook.

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Book SynopsisComplex electromagnetic problems using new hybridised computational techniques combining the frequency domain Method of Moments (MoM), Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) and a subgridded Finite-Difference Time-Domain (SGFDTD) method are studied and discussed in detail. The techniques are desirable to predict electromagnetic absorption in inhomogeneous, anisotropic and lossy dielectric materials irradiated by geometrically intricate sources. In Method of Moments modelling, the surface kernel solution is derived for 1-D, 2-D and 3-D. The electric surface patch integral formulation is solved by independent linear basis function methods in the circumferential and axial directions of the antenna wires. A similar orthogonal basis function is used on the end surface and appropriate attachments with the wire surface are employed to satisfy the requirements of current continuity. The surface current distributions on structures which may include closely spaced parallel wires are investigated and analysed. The results are found to be stable and showed good agreement with less comprehensive earlier work by others. Moreover, Galerkin technique is employed to predict the effect of a chiral bianisotropic substrate of a rectangular microstrip resonator in the spectral domain. The work also investigates the interaction between overhead high voltage transmission lines and underground utility pipelines using the FDTD technique for the whole structure, combined with a subgridding method at points of interest. The induced fields above the pipeline are computed. The Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) concept has been utilized to circumvent open-region geometries. The establishment of edge elements has greatly improved the performance of this method and the computational burden due to huge numbers of time steps, in the order of tens of millions, has been eased to tens of thousands by employing quasi-static methods.

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Book SynopsisA multi-regime fluid flow model for internal flows has been applied to several pipe and duct problems. The investigated flow regimes and inter-regime transformations include fully laminar and fully turbulent, laminarisation, and turbulentisation. The model auto-selects both the flow regimes and the inter-regime transformations. This book studies both steady and unsteady flows, as well as flows in pipes and ducts of both axially unchanging cross section and axially enlarging cross section.

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Book SynopsisPattern recognition involves tasks such as pattern identification, feature extraction from them and pattern classification in categories, based on the extracted features. This book presents topical research in the study of pattern recognition, including pattern recognition applications in non-proliferation; pattern recognition of machine feature identifications; pattern recognition receptors of oral epithelia; construction damage assessment based on pattern recognition; Haken''s pattern recognition algorithm as applied in engineering sciences; active contours for real time applications and quantitative bioimage analysis using pattern recognition.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the field of engineering. Topics discussed include characterization of advanced structural materials by acoustic emission indices; applications of polymeric treatments in improving building construction materials durability; types of sustainable building design and evaluation tools; raman spectroscopy; mechanical study of metallic targets impacted by metallic rods; advanced systems for automatically detecting faults occurring in bearings; fault detection and diagnosis with statistical and soft computing methods and advances in the numberical modelling of fatigue crack closure using finite elements .

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Book SynopsisMicrobiology as a science has expanded by leaps and bounds in the past few decades due to advancements in sophisticated instrumentation and recombinant DNA technology which added new dimension and revealed the understanding of the subject at a molecular level. This has resulted in the emergence of several applications of this domain. This book have been complied with the help of leading Microbiologists from India and other countries with an objective of providing current developments in the field of Microbiology. This book will be useful for under and postgraduate students, academicians, researchers and laboratory personnel from disciplines like Microbiology, Biochemistry, Veterinary Science, Medicine, Pharmacy, Agriculture, Food Science, Environmental Science, Industrial Microbiology and other allied Biological Sciences.

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Book SynopsisThis book reviews research results in the field of mechanics research. Also discussed herein are the most important areas in the mechanics of functionally graded materials and structures, including the analytical and the semi-analytical solutions of functionally graded beams, plates and shells as well as their simplified theories, fracture analysis of functionally graded materials, a micro-element method for the macro-micro scale analysis and the optimal design of functionally graded structures.

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Book SynopsisFault detection is a subfield of control engineering which concerns itself with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred and pinpointing the type of fault and its location. Two approaches can be distinguished: a direct pattern recognition of sensor readings that indicate a fault and an analysis of the discrepancy between the sensor readings and expected values. This book reviews research in the field of fault detection including the introduction of an automatic, effective but simpler-to-use system for fault diagnosis in bearings; the monitoring and diagnosis of discrete event systems using time petri nets; fault detection and diagnosis using statistical and soft computing methods.

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Book SynopsisCase-based reasoning (CBR), is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. An auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using case-based reasoning. A lawyer who advocates a particular outcome in a trial based on legal precedents and a physician, who considers the diagnosis and treatment of a previous patient having similar symptoms to determine the disease and treatment for the new patient, are using CBR; a prominent kind of analogy making. This book presents current research in the field of CBR including business predication researches of corporate failure using CBR, and mathematising the Case-Based Reasoning process.

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Book SynopsisStructural Health Monitoring (SHM) is defined as the use of on-structure sensing system to monitor the performance of the structure and evaluate its health state. Recent bridge failures, such as the collapses of the 1-35W Highway Bridge in USA, the collapse of the Can Tho Bridge in Vietnam and the Xijiang River Bridge in the Mainland China, all of which happened in the year 2007, have alerted the importance of structural health monitoring. This book presents a background of SHM technologies together with its latest development and successful applications. It is a book launched to celebrate the establishment of the Australian Network of Structural Health Monitoring (ANSHM). The network comprising leading SHM experts in Australia promotes and advances SHM research, application, education and development in Australia.

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Book SynopsisMilling or physically dividing solids into fine fragments is the best-known method for the production of powders. It is found widely across industries from pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, agrochemicals, aerosols, personal care products, pigments, ceramics, cement and semiconductors. This book presents current research data in the study of powder engineering including, particle engineering beyond size reduction; morphology-controlled fabrication and applications of metal oxide powders; organic solvent-free synthesis of magnetite nanocrystals with controlled particle sizes; and the process of nanomilling.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields centring on engineering applications including current research data on the field measurement methods for fatigue life evaluation of steel bridges; silicon PV solar cell manufacturing technologies and cost reduction trends; internal flows of Non-Newtonian fluids; abrasion of cermets; physical modelling for wave-mud interaction in ocean engineering; global optimization methods applied to the nuclear reactor core design and experimental evaluation of hydraulic oils based on pump performance.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields centring on engineering applications including current research data on applications of high power ultrasonics in materials engineering; design and realisation of drummer robots to perform a mechanical orchestra; the Wave Concept Iterative Procedure (WCIP) method''s theory and applications; ESD protection on RF transceivers; industrial products in highway construction; portable wireless handset in emergency light checking; and properties of the error-squared controller.

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Book SynopsisEvery dollar an executive proposes to spend or proposes not to spend has to be subjected to economic decision making. Expenditure and investment proposals can be for cost reduction or income expansion. In some cases, both may be realized. For both the proposals, economic decision making is essential. The goal of equipment selection in a business system is acceptable financial efficiency, not engineering efficiency. The engineering economic analysts test the profitability of a proposed operation, or choose the best option among the existing alternatives. The book "Principles and Practices of Engineering & Industrial Economics" covers issues ranging from project formulation steps - through data collection, costing of project, detail financial analysis, decision rules, risk analysis and environmental considerations to model study for financial and scenario analysis for decision making.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields centring on engineering applications including current research data on hydrostatic pressure on foodstuffs; fault impact on buried steel pipelines; modelling the reaction kinetics in a food extruder; technologies for depth measurement in images; metrology for additive manufacturing; VLSI architecture based on two-dimensional radon transform computation; hotspot identification by a binary model; evaluation of an aermod dispersion model for mercury emissions from an urban area; extracting adhesion properties of organic thin films on compliant substrates using a scratch test technique; and uncertainty and sensitivity analyses on predicted concentrations during application of biosolids on agriculture fields.

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Book SynopsisSystems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how to design and manage complex engineering projects over their life cycles. Issues such as reliability, logistics, coordination of different teams, evaluation measurements, and other disciplines become more difficult when dealing with large, complex projects. Systems engineering deals with work-processes, optimization methods, and risk management tools in such projects. In this book, the authors discuss putting systems engineering into practice and the model-based systems engineering paradigm; education of military engineers and managers with a systems perspective at the Air Force Institute of Technology; simulation of the separation of industrially important hydrocarbon mixtures by different distillation techniques using Mathematica; enterprise transformation and addressing individual perceptual and behavioural biases as scaling fractals to create emergent state changes; and the application and validation of systems engineering methods and techniques.

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Book SynopsisThe Okavango Delta, a globally renowned wetland, is characterised by a mosaic of meandering watercourses, floodplains and islands, and is home to a variety of wildlife and vegetation species. It is a major source of livelihoods for the local communities and also an important attraction for tourism, the second most important economic activity in Botswana after diamonds, contributing 5% to the gross domestic product (GDP). As a globally renowned Ramsar Site and major tourist attraction, the Okavango Delta is a resource of national, regional and international importance. This book examines the results of empirical micro-level studies undertaken in the Okavango Delta and contributes to the formulation of relevant policies for sustainable development in the Okavango Delta.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields centering on engineering applications including current research data on mathematical evaluation of the nighttime boundary layer heights and plume dispersion under calm conditions; adsorption refrigeration; hardware acceleration unit-based signal processing reconfigurable through software; mathematical modeling of the MEMs behavioral performance by the system identification theory; dynamics and control for spacecraft electromagnetic docking and formation; natural and active flow control assisted building ventilation of the future; mechanochemical cleavage of DNA by ultrasound; properties of aluminum and copper materials welded by cold pressure welding; and model predictive control of a binary distillation column.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields centring on engineering applications including current research data on graphene as a solid state diffusion barrier for microelectronics; improvements of reinforced silica aerogel nanocomposites thermal properties for architecture applications; a selective mapping from orthogonal variability model to constraint satisfaction problem; modelling enterprise application integration solutions; application of hybrid particle swarm optimisation algorithms to inverse radiation problems; compliant shape memory alloy actuator design, modelling and motion control; controlling of patient environment remotely by a single click; and development of charging management system for a large number of Ni-Cd/Ni-MH batteries.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields centering on engineering applications including current research data on structure-functional design of new catalysts for engineering of productive and environmental catalysis processes; influence of friction stir processing on the surface modification of the titanium alloy; innovative process energy saving based on enhanced process integration; PC coupling reactions under environmentally-friendly conditions; combustion synthesis of nanocrystalline nickel oxides; materials for 99Mo/99mTc generator columns; fundamentals of singlet oxygen, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide for engineering; and coordinate geometric generalization of the spherometer and cylindrometer

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the latest developments in the field of engineering. The first chapter presents a state-of-the-art review on the potential issues to be solved in the design, manufacture and maintenance of the full ocean depth manned cabin. Only in the past 100 years, has the technological capability matched the human desire to deep dive into the ocean and discover its true mysteries. The authors of the second chapter focus on a different type of engineering and proposes a design method of observers used in induction motor systems by utilising non-singular terminal sliding-mode control. The third chapter is focused on styrene, a high value chemical widely used as feedstock for the commercial manufacture of a large variety of polymers, synthetic rubbers and polymeric resins. The poorest-vanadium catalyst is the most promising for producing styrene without steam, being the most active and selective to styrene. Chapter Four presents a straightforward compromising methodology of dynamic economic and emission active-reactive optimal power flow (AROPF). The remaining chapters of this book provide a review and discussion along with practical guidelines on the application of metamodels in real-world optimisation problems; a framework which employs multiple metamodels concurrently, thereby benefiting from the different approximations; a metamodel-assisted framework which adds a dimensionality-reduction component based on variable selection; a new, simple and efficient method for modifying motor fuel through the dynamic cavitation of motor fuel with hydrogen peroxide using a dynamic cavitation reactor; and a discussion on the principles of different Ensemble Methods (EMs) (bagging, boosting, random subspaces, combined approach) by illustrating their applications in the field of feature selection for linear regression.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the latest developments in the field of engineering. The first chapter presents the implementation of Lean philosophy and Lean tools in coal mining. Chapter Two describes numerical and experimental analyses of milling bifurcations, or instabilities. Chapter Three examines metabolic engineering strategies in the production of aromatic amino acids. Chapter Four outlines the concept of wave digital networks (WDNs) and its use for the efficient modeling and analysis of microstrip circuits. Chapter Five discusses flutter computation based on ground vibration test results and mass data.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the latest developments in the field of engineering. The first chapter presents software engineering and ontology development. Chapter Two discusses metal rapid prototyping technologies. Chapter Three presents a complete description of the Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) architecture and its application scenarios; comprehensively analyzes the recent efforts toward an improved SHVC compression efficiency; and introduces two novel SHVC improvement solutions, notably an improved SHVC Merge mode and a novel SHVC Joint Layer mode. Chapter Four examines a refined analytical-experimental modal testing method for polymeric damping materials. Chapter Five focuses on the recent published advances in biometrics to date, considering them not only in terms of their relative contributions but also in referral to relevant government and industry authentication frameworks and guidelines. Chapter Six discusses control of a class of 1D Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) condensate via linear-type feedback.

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Book SynopsisThis volume includes seven chapters presenting recent advancements in engineering research. Chapter One investigates soybean processing to identify the best technologies to transform soybean byproducts into new products. Chapter Two provides an overview of intrinsically conducting polymers-based electrochemical sensors as quick and easy diagnostic tools for bacterial infection control. Chapter Three presents a programmable logic controller/human-machine interface-based logic design laboratory platform for computer science and electrical engineering students. Chapter Four evaluates artificial neural network systems for bioengineering systems and industries. Chapter Five determines the efficacy of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the adsorptive removal of acrylic acid from water. Chapter Six deals with regulating the direction of movement of air contaminated with dust, smoke, and soot in worship halls. Lastly, Chapter Seven aims to explore different domains where non-quantum and quantum resources co-exist and non-classicality arises in different forms.Table of ContentsPreface; Bioenergy Production via Anaerobic Digestion: A Key to Improve the Sustainability of Soybean Processing; Electrochemical Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers for Bacterial Detection: A Review; A Smart PLC/HMI Based Introductory Digital Logic Design Laboratory; Artificial Neural Network (ANN) System for Bioengineering; Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Acrylic Acid Adsorptive Removal: A Statistical Approach; Specific Features of the Influence of a Wall Convective Flow on Air Circulation in the Worship Hall; Non-classical Behaviours in the Intra-quantum Era: Applications and Perspectives; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book includes nine chapters detailing recent advances in engineering research. Chapter One considers the factors affecting fuel consumption in the open pit mining model by investigating the existing equipment and machinery, and examines the results and consequences of reducing the effects of fuel mismanagement and increasing energy efficiency. Chapter Two aims to address the coaxial mixer principle and comprehensively discuss its agitation mechanism applied to the single and multiphase flows considering Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Chapter Three presents a methodological framework for the implementation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the management of cultural heritage. Chapter Four considers 182 licensed wind farms that are under operation in various parts of Turkey using the Data Envelopment Analysis. Chapter Five discusses the influence of cooling rate on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties for a thermomechanically processed near eutectoid steel, particularly with Nb microalloying. Chapter Six concerns a non-standard multicopter design. Chapter Seven reports on pulse generation via mode-locking and Q-switching. Chapter Eight proposes an energy-efficient write scheme for phase change memory. Finally, Chapter Nine reveals the orbiting satellite dynamics in the form of nonlinear stochastic differential equation (SDE) and state vectors.Table of ContentsPreface; Fuel Consumption in the Mining Industry Using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Approach; Energy-Efficient Mixing Operations Using Coaxial Mixers; On the Application of GIS to Architectural Heritage Safeguarding; Efficiency Assessment of Onshore Wind Farms in Turkey: A DEA Approach; Influence of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure-Property Correlation of Nb Microalloyed Near Eutectoid Steel; Multi-Rotor Universal Drone Systems; MXene Saturable Absorber for Passively Q-Switched and Mode-Locked Pulses Generation; PTA: A Peak-to-Average Pumping Scheme for PCM Write Energy Reduction; On the Estimation Theory of Satellite Dynamics via the Carleman Linearization Approach; Index.

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Book SynopsisThere is currently a great need for introductory materials to help professionals of all types to understand and deploy Human Centred Design (HCD) methods. This compendium, written in simple everyday language by authors who are experts in automotive ergonomics, UX and HMI, is inclusive and easily accessible. The 21st century is characterised by ever greater reliance on the innovation paradigm of HCD. In many sectors, the practices of "technology push" and "market pull" have been giving ground to newer ways of innovating which are based more on careful attention to the characteristics and needs of people. Where ethnographic, ergonomic and UX practices were once the remit of only the design teams, the practices and values of HCD are now permeating widely, leading in many cases to business restructuring. The automotive sector, characterised by large and sophisticated organisations, and by more than a century of success, is one sector with extensive requirements for HCD methods. This introductory book links the philosophy of the Human Centred Design innovation to the basic methods and simple everyday steps which can be taken to better understand customers and to better define briefs and tests. The book will prove a valuable reference to automotive designers who wish to more deeply integrate HCD into their everyday work, and to any professional who wishes to widen her or his skill set and understanding of HCD. The information regarding the selection of HCD methods, and their deployment, will provide a gentle introduction to the world of Human Centred Design.

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Book SynopsisThis book is about how electricity has profoundly changed the way we live, work, and play. Some twenty topics are covered, with an abundance of graphs and images to build a comprehensive picture. Each looks at the developments, and the people who initiated them, together with how one led to the next and their subsequent impact on society. Topics include electric supply, lighting through X-rays, and all those appliances that make our homes so comfortable.Most homes at the end of the twentieth century were full of electrical equipment, much of which was regarded as essential. It ran from lights, washing machines, fridges, freezers, kettles, telephones and so on, to the more subtle things such as wipers and starter motors on cars. In 1900, in all but a tiny minority of houses, there were none of these things. It is very difficult for us now to imagine a world without electrical equipment everywhere, and yet it has only taken a century. The Electric Century examines how we got from then to now. The nineteenth is often described as the century of steam from the impact it had on employment and transport, and The Electric Century makes a similar claim as the description of the twentieth. Electricity and the equipment using it are so pervasive that they have affected every corner of modern life.Trade Review“Williams is very thorough, and as with the electronics book, he or she is at his or her best when giving us historical statistics and nuggets of information about, for example, the early fragmented electricity generation companies, or Marconi's work or the development of batteries. … if you'd like to fill in some gaps in the history of technology, it's worth taking on.” (Brian Clegg, Popular Science, popsciencebooks.blogspot.com, January, 2018)“There is a good table of contents, a detailed bibliography, and a good index. This is an interesting treatise on the impact of electricity on our world. Williams’ book differs from others on this subject in the diversity of aspects covered and by also considering their social impacts on our society. A very enjoyable book.” (David B. Henderson, Computing Reviews, March, 2018)Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisTextbook for engineering undergrads on ecology and environmental science, emphasizing the link to environmental engineering. Covers biosphere, ecosystems, pollution control, sustainable development, environmental chemistry, microbiology, and pollutant analysis.

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