Engineering applications of polymers and composites Books

Book SynopsisAn injection mold is the heart of any plastics molding workcell. Understanding the principles of an injection mold design and its importance to a successful plastic part is fundamental to the success of the product. This book helps guide the designer, engineer, project manager, and production manager in making sure that the injection mold to be designed will work as intended. This book will take the reader through the process of conceptualizing and designing an injection mold that will produce the desired plastic part. Since it all starts with the plastic part, the book will first focus on key features and details of the plastic part which are necessary for good mold design. The design of the main components of an injection mold will be discussed and good design practices will be shared. Finally the process of testing and gaining customer acceptance of the mold for production will be detailed. A comprehensive appendix and detailed drawings will provide the required detail for completing a mold design.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis highly practical troubleshooting guide solves problems at the machine systematically and quickly. Drawing on a wealth of hands-on experience from the authors, who have built strong reputations in the field, the book is structured by type of problem/solution. Thus, it is an ideal reference to be consulted at the machine. Included is valuable information on robust process windows, cycle time evaluations, scrap savings, and runners/gates with no existing standard in the industry. No other book provides the unique insights found here.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPlastics have a very important role to play in energy-efficient and low-carbon technologies of the present and future, but for them to be classified as sustainable materials, there is a great need for practical and economic recycling methods and infrastructure. This book fills the gap for a modern comprehensive technical guide to recycling of plastics, covering the whole value chain from raw materials to recycled materials.All important recycling technologies (mechanical, chemical/feedstock, dissolution) are discussed and compared to each other and alternative disposal methods such as energy recovery and gasification. Collecting, sorting, and purification methods are also covered, as are economic, legal, and political aspects.A strong emphasis is placed on data comparability, e.g. by standardized methods in measuring data. Although this is a challenge to implement, comparing data across technologies, regions, and stakeholders along the value chain yields important benefits. Key instruments for such a target are lifecycle assessments (LCAs), which are calculated in a standard way across the chapters to "calibrate" the messages among the numerous expert co-authors.Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Recycling technologies in overview 3. Value chain (EU, Americas, Asia) 4. Analytics and consumer safety 5. Properties of recycled materials 6. Design for recycling 7. Future developments

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis practical introductory guide to injection molding simulation is aimed at both practicing engineers and students. It will help the reader to innovate and improve part design and molding processes, essential for efficient manufacturing.A user-friendly, case-study-based approach is applied, enhanced by many illustrations in full color. The book is conceptually divided into three parts:Chapters 1–5 introduce the fundamentals of injection molding, focusing the factors governing molding quality and how molding simulation methodology is developed. As they are essential to molding quality, the rheological, thermodynamic, thermal, mechanical, kinetic properties of plastics are fully elaborated in this part, as well as curing kinetics for thermoset plastics.Chapters 6–11 introduce CAE verification of design, a valuable tool for both part and mold designers toward avoiding molding problems in the design stage and to solve issues encountered in injection molding. This part covers design guidelines of part, gating, runner, and cooling channel systems. Temperature control in hot runner systems, prediction and control of warpage, and fiber orientation are also discussed.Chapters 12–17 introduce research and development in innovative molding, illustrating how CAE is applied to advanced molding techniques, including co-/bi-Injection molding, gas-/water-assisted injection molding, foam injection molding, powder injection molding, resin transfer molding, and integrated circuit packaging.The authors come from the creative simulation team at CoreTech System (Moldex3D), winner of the PPS James L. White Innovation Award 2015. Several CAE case study exercises for execution in the Moldex3D software are included to allow readers to practice what they have learned and test their understanding.In the 2nd edition, the concept of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in injection molding is introduced. In order to integrate molding simulation and injection machines, the workflow of machine response characterization is illustrated. By taking into account the real-world machine response, users can more accurately reflect the real-world manufacturing conditions in simulations. The optimized processing conditions obtained from the simulation can then be directly applied on the shop floor, bridging the gap between simulation and manufacturing. In addition, a new flow-fiber coupling model, i.e., the informed-isotropic (IISO) viscosity developed by Dr. Favaloro and Prof. Pipes of Purdue University, to simulate the anisotropic flow for fiber-reinforced thermoplastics is introduced. The IISO coupling is available to simulate some peculiar, irregular filling patterns for fiber-reinforced melts at high fiber concentrations: the free surface advances faster along the side cavity walls.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFor 30 years, Designing Plastic Parts for Assembly has been the definitive guide for both seasoned part designers and novices to the field, facilitating cost-effective design decisions and ensuring that the plastic parts and products will stand up under use.The detailed yet simplified discussion of material selection, manufacturing techniques, and assembly procedures enables the reader to evaluate plastic materials and design plastic parts with confidence. Good joint design and implementation, the geometry and nature of the component parts, the types of load involved, and other fundamental information necessary for a successful outcome are all included. Throughout, the treatment is practice-oriented and focused on everyday problems and situations.The 10th edition includes an extensive revision of the chapter on welding techniques for plastics, including a new subchapter on hot gas welding. There are also many more minor updates, improvements, and corrections throughout.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe design and the realisation of well defined polymer architectures has become an important goal in macromolecular science. The prerequisite for achieving this goal is the availability of controlled polymerisation reactions. Living anionic polymerisation was the first reaction fulfilling these requirements. Cationic polymerisation only came into play when it was realised that it was possible to create an equilibrium between active and dormant species with the fraction of the dormant species being far superior to that of active ones. A corresponding principle applies to controlled radical polymerisation per formed in quite a number of modes such as nitroxide mediated polymerisation (NMP), atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP), reversible addition frag mentation chain transfer (RAFT) or catalytic chain transfer (CCT) reactions. All of these variants of controlled radical polymerisation lead to well defined archi tectures with the particular advantage that a much larger number of monomers are suitable and the reaction conditions are much less demanding than those of living ionic polymerisation reactions. Although in controlled radical polymerisation, termination reactions cannot be excluded completely, they are limited in their extent and consequently the mol ecular weight is controlled, the polydispersity index is small and functionalities can be attached to the macromolecules. These features are indicative of the real isation of well defined polymer architectures such as block copolymers, star shaped and comb shaped copolymers.Table of ContentsStatistical, Gradient, Block, and Graft Copolymers by Controlled/Living Radical Polymerizations.- Statistical Copolymers.- Linear Block Copolymers.- Other Chain Architectures.- Overall Summary.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAdsorption at solid/liquid interfaces Ulbig P, Seippel J: Development of a group contribution method for liquid-phase adsorption onto activated carbons ...Laszlb K: Adsorption from aqueous phenol and 2,3,4-trichlorophenol solutions on nanoporous carbon prepared from poly(ethy1ene terephthalate) . . Mizukami M, Kurihara K: Alcohol cluster formation on silica surfaces in cyclohexane . . Tombacz E, Szekeres M: Effects of impurity and solid-phase dissolution on surface charge titration of aluminium oxide ...Horanyi G, Job P: Radiotracer study of the specific adsorption of anions on oxides Kovaeevit D, cop A, Bradetic A, Interfacial equilibria at a goethite aqueous interface in the presence Kallay N, Pohlmeier A, of amino acids ...Narres H-D, Lewandowski H: Ruffmann B, Zimehl R: Liquid sorption and stability of polystyrene latices ...Zimehl R, Hannig M: Adsorption onto tooth enamel the - biological interface and its modification ...Lengyel Z, Foldinyi R: Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicides on Hungarian soils ...Paszli I, Laszlo K: Stagnation phenomenon of solid/fluid interfaces ...Mielke M, Zimehl R: Measures to determine the hydrophobicity of colloidal polymers . Farkas A, Dekany I: Interlamellar adsorption of organic pollutants on hydrophobic . . vermiculite ...Dabrowski A, Biilow M, Adsorption against pollution: current state and perspectives ...Podkocielny P: Textor T, Bahners T, Schollmeyer E: Organically modified ceramics for coating textile materials ...Nanostructured materials Esumi K, Torigoe K: Preparation and characterization of noble metal nanoparticles using ...dendrimers as protective colloids Mogyorbsi K, Nemeth J, Dekany I, Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic properties Fendler JH: of layered-silicate-supported TiOz and ZnO nanoparticles ...Table of ContentsAdsorption at solid/liquid interfaces: Peter Ulbig, Johannes Seippel: Development of a group contribution method for liquid phase adsorption onto activated carbons; Krisztina Laszlo: Adsorption from aqueous phenol and 2,3,4-trichlorophenol solutions on nanoporous carbon; Kazue Kurihara: Alcohol clasterformation on silica surfaces in cyclohexane-alcohol binary liquids; Etelka Tombacz, Marta Szekeres: Effects of impurity and solid phase dissolution on surface charge titration of aluminum oxide; György Horanyi, Pal Joo: Radiotracer study of the specific adsorption of anions on oxides; D. Kovacevic, A. Cop, A. Bradetic, N. Kallay, A. Pohlmeier, H.-D. Narres: Interfacial equilibria at the goethite/water interface in presence of amino acids; B. Ruffmann, R. Zimehl: Liquid sorption and stability of polystyrene latices; R.Zimehl, M. Hannig: Adsorption onto tooth enamel: the biological interface and its modification; Zsofia Lengyel, Rita Földenyi: Adsorption of chloro acetanilide herbicides on hungarian soils; Istvan Paszli, Krisztina Laszlo: Stagnation phenomenon of solid / fluid interfaces; Mark Mielke, Ralf Zimehl: Determination of hydrophobicity of colloidal polymers; Farkas Andras, Imre Dekany: Interlamellar adsorption of organic pollutants on hydrophobic vermiculite; A. Dabrowski, P. Podkoscielny: Adsorption against pollution - current state and perspectives; Torsten Tector, Thomas Bahners, Eckhard Schollmeyer: Organically modified ceramics for coating textile materials; Nanostructured materials: K. Esumi, K. Torigoe: Preparation and characterization of noble metal nanoparticles using dendrimers as protective colloids; K. Mogyorosi, J. Nemeth, I. Dekany, J.H. Fendler: Preparation and characterization of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles supported by layer silicates; Szilvia Papp, Imre Dekany: Palladium nanoparticles on disaggregated kaolinite lamellae; K. Landfester: Miniemulsion formulation; L. Vekas,D. Bica, I. Potencz, D. Gheorghe, O. Balau, M. Rasa: Concentration and composition dependence of rheological and magnetorheological properties of some magnetic fluids; F. Tiarks, M. Willert, K. Landfester, M. Antonietti: Controlled generation of nanosized structures in miniemulsions; Wolfram Hartl, Christian Beck: The glass transition and propagating transverse phonons in colloidal systems; N.M. Nagy, J. Konya, M. Beszeda, I. Beszeda, E. Kalman, Zs. Keresztes, K. Papp: Production of nano- and microstructures on clay minerals; Andras Pozsgay, Laszlo Papp, Bela Pukanszky: Polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites; Christian Beck, Wolfram Hartl: Fullerenes as new colloidal model systems; V. Socoliuc, D. Bica: Experimental investigation of magnetic induced phase separation kinetics in aqueous ferrofluids; Surfactants, polymers. Imre Varga, Tibor Gilanyi, Robert Meszaros: Characterisation of ionic surfactant aggregates by activity measurements; Tibor Gilanyi, Robert Meszaros, Imre Varga: Determination of binding isotherms of ionic surfactants in polymer gels; Agnes Csiszar, Attila Bota Csaba Novak, Erwin Klumpp, Günter Subklew: Thermotropic and structural behaviour of DPPC/water liposomes; Aurel Marton, Yoshimobu Miyazaki: Correlation between equilibrium and NMR spectroscopic data in selectivity studies of cross-linkes ionic polymers; Laszlo Halasz, Zsolt Nemeth, Janos Palinkas, Tamas Horanyi, Attila Bota: Structural and viscoelastic properties of lamellar systems formed from concentrated nonionic surfactant solutions; Eva Kiss, C.N.C. Lam, Tran Minh Duc, E.I.Vargha-Butler: Surface characterization of polylactide/polyglycolide copolymers; H-G. Kilian, M. Koepf, V. Vettegran: Model of reversible aggregation universal features of fluctuating ensembles; Dirk Pawlowski, Bernd Tieke: Structure and phase behaviour during homo- and copolymerisation of (2-methacryloyloxyethyl)dodecyldimethyl-ammonium bromide in hexagonal lyotropic mesophase; Reka

Read more less

Book SynopsisPolymere in technischen Produkten können unter ganzheitlicher Betrachtung nachhaltig und sicher eingesetzt werden.Für Werkstoffe, Komponenten und Produktsysteme gibt dieses Werk nachhaltige Antworten auf die wichtigen technischen, wirtschaftlichen, ökologischen und sozial relevanten komplexen Fragestellungen. Der Inhalt wurde gegenüber der Vorauflage sorgfältig bearbeitet und erheblich erweitert. Die Gliederung des Werks umfasst auch die Gestaltung von Kunststoffbauteilen, die Oberflächentechnologien für Kunststoffbauteile und die Prüfung von Kunststoffen und Bauteilen. In den Ausführungen gibt es umfangreiche Informationen, Übersichten und Ergänzungen zum Extrudieren, Blasformen, Kalandrieren, Polyurethanschäumen, zur Mikrowellentechnologie, zu additiven Verfahren, über Molded Interconnected Devices, Plasmatechnologie, Trocknungsverfahren, zum Gestalten, Fügen und Verbinden, Berechnungsansätze und Simulation, über Bauteilkosten, sowie Prüfungen an Thermoplasten/Duroplasten/Elastomeren und zur Produktqualifikation. Ausgewählte Technologien werden zusammengefasst dargestellt.Band 2 des dreibändigen Werkes behandelt die Verarbeitung von Polymeren, Oberflächentechnologien sowie die Entwicklung und Gestaltung von Bauteilen.Table of ContentsVerarbeitung von Kunststoffen zu Bauteilen.- Oberflächentechnologien für Kunststoffbauteile.- Gestalten, Design, Fügen, Auslegen, Berechnungsansätze, Simulation, EDV-unterstützte Konstruktion und Kosten von Kunststoffbauteilen.- Anhang.- Sachverzeichnis.

Read more less

Book SynopsisArchitectures of Weaving bridges architecture and textile by exploring fiber architectures from the micro scale of biological systems to the macro scale of textile and built structures. Selected case studies, essays, and interviews reflect on cultural practices and materials research through the lens of textile thinking. In the quest for sustainable and resilient approaches that meet the challenges of our time, the book presents fascinating approaches heralding a paradigm shift by working with fibrous materiality: structures become flexible and adaptive, they interact with their environment. As a source of inspiration, the book assembles exceptional contributions from the fields of architecture, art, material science, cultural history, design, engineering, mathematics, microbiology, and textile technology.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWater is recognized as being an important factor in numerous pheno­ mena connected with the quality of food. For instance, it plays a part in the textural properties of several commodities. Moreover, water is an essential parameter determining the behaviour of food products in the course of many processing operations : on water, will depend the amount of energy necessary for freezing or dehydrating the product; water will strongly influence the evolution of physical, chemical and biochemical phenomena taking place in the product during processing operations such as heating, drying, etc. Water will also influence the same reactions, as well as the activity of microorganisms, during the storage of food products under various conditions. As a result, all aspects of quality - sensory, nutritional and hygienic properties of the food - will be affected. In all these circumstances, the water content of a product is obviously an important factor, but equally important may be the physical properties of this water, such as its thermodynamic activity and its mobility. Actual­ ly, the concept of water activity (a ) is now widely used by the food industry and in the legislation of sever')¥l countries. The idea of a small, international meeting devoted to a synthetic review and discussion of knowledge on these various matters, was first developed by Dr. R. B.Table of ContentsSession I. Fundamentals : high moisture systems.- Water and aqueous solutions : recent advances.- Phase separation in protein — water systems and the formation of structure.- The dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) — water system.- An enzymatically modified protein as a new surfactant and its function to interact with water and oil in an emulsion system.- Session 2. Fundamentals : low and intermediate moisture systems.- The influence of soluble components on water sorption hysteresis.- Some facts concerning water vapour sorption hysteresis on potato starch.- Influence of temperature on sorption equilibria.- Development of B.E.T.-like models for sorption of water on foods, theory and relevance.- Solution thermodynamics and the starch-water system.- Session 3. Physico-chemical and enzymatic changes.- Effects of water activity and water content on mobility of food components, and their effects on phase transitions in food systems.- Enzyme activity as a function of water activity.- The influence of water content and temperature on the formation of Maillard reaction intermediates during the drying of plant products.- Polysaccharide-water interactions — thermal behavior of rice starch.- Session 4. Microbiology and water activity.- Present state of knowledge of aw effects on microorganisms.- Effects of aw and pH on growth and survival of Staphylococcus aureus.- Effect of aw on growth and survival of Bacillaceae.- Effect of water activity on mold growth and mycotoxin production.- The antimicrobial activity of sugar against pathogens of wounds and other infections of man.- Hurdle technology applied to meat products of the shelf stable product and intermediate moisture food types.- Session 5. Technology : diffusion properties and non equilibrium states.- Fundamentals of diffusion of water and rate of approach of equilibrium aw.- Diffusivity of sorbic acid in food gels at high and intermediate water activities.- Aroma diffusion : the influence of water activity and of molecular weight of the other solutes.- Choice of packages for foods with specific consideration of water activity.- The role of water in the rheology of hygroscopic food powders.- Session 6. Technology : humectants and new intermediate moisture foods (IMF).- A pragmatic approach to the development of new intermediate moisture foods.- Water binding of humectants.- Novel intermediate moisture meat products.- Extrusion cooking for cereal-based intermediate moisture products.- Polyglycerols and polyglycerol esters as potential water activity reducing agents. Chemistry and sensory analysis.- Session 7. Freezing and low temperature phenomena.- Complex aqueous systems at subzero temperatures.- The freezing of biological cells in aqueous solutions containing a polymeric cryo-protectant.- Freezing in polymer — water systems and properties of water.- Freeze-texturing and other aspects of the effects of freezing on food quality.- Computed instrumental analysis of the behavior of water in foods during freezing and thawing.- Session 8. Commodities : properties of water and technology.- Water in fish : its effects on quality and processing.- The effect of water on the quality of meat and meat products : problems and research needs.- Water in dairy products related to quality, with special reference to cheese.- Confectionery and water activity: determination of aw by calculation.- Session 9. Moisture measurement and prediction.- Comparison of sensors for measurement of air humidity.- Standardization of isotherm measurements (COST-project 90 and 90 bis).

Read more less

Book SynopsisPresents the latest strategies in the development and use of composite materials for large structures and the effects of defects Practical Design and Validation of Composites Structures: Effects of Defects offers an important guide to the use of fiber-reinforced composites and how they affect the durability and safety of engineering structures such as aircraft, ships, bridges, wind turbines as well as sporting equipment. The text draws on the authors' direct experience in industry and academia to cover the most recent strategies in the development of composite structures and uniquely integrates the assessment of the effects of defects introduced during production. This comprehensive resource builds on an essential introduction to the characteristics of composites and the most common types of defects encountered in production. The authors review the recent manufacturing methods and technologies used for inspecting composite structures and the design issuesTable of ContentsPreface xi 1 Characteristics of Composites 1 1.1 Introduction to Behavior 1 1.2 Introduction to Composite Analysis 3 1.3 Failure and Strength Methodologies 5 1.3.1 Lamina Failure Modes and their Influence upon Catastrophic Failure of Multidirectional Laminates 5 1.3.2 Design Values and Environmental Sensitivity 8 1.3.3 Design Values for Unnotched Multidirectional Laminates 11 1.3.4 Design Values for Notched Multidirectional Laminates 12 1.3.5 Material Variability 14 1.3.6 Strain-Based Failure Methodology 15 1.3.7 Composite Fatigue Behavior 15 References 16 2 DesignMethodology and Regulatory Requirements 19 2.1 Regulatory Requirements 19 2.2 Material and Process Specifications 22 2.3 Design Methodology 23 2.4 Design Values for Notched Multidirectional Laminates 24 2.5 Design Values for Bolted Joints 28 2.5.1 Determination of Fastener Loading 29 2.5.2 Failure Analysis at a Loaded and Unloaded Hole 29 2.6 Design Values for Bonded Joints and Bondlines 33 2.7 Design Values for Sandwich Structure 36 2.7.1 Facesheet Tension Design Values 36 2.7.2 Facesheet Compression Design Values 36 2.7.3 Sandwich Flexural Design Values 37 2.7.4 Out-of-Plane Loading 37 2.8 Statistical Allowables 37 2.9 Simulation of Temperature and Moisture Content 39 References 40 3 Material, Manufacturing, and Service Defects 43 3.1 Introduction 43 3.1.1 Differentiating Cosmetic from Structural Defects 46 3.2 Defects by Stage of Occurrence 46 3.2.1 Material Precure Defects 46 3.2.1.1 Fiber Damage and Defects 50 3.2.2 Manufacturing Defects 51 3.2.3 Service Defects 54 3.3 Defects by Location: Matrix-Dominated Defects 60 3.3.1 Matrix Degradation Due to Porosity and Voids 60 3.3.2 Matrix Degradation Due to Aged Material 63 3.3.3 Matrix Degradation Due to Errors in Curing (Pressure and Temperature) 64 3.3.4 Matrix Damage with No Fiber Breakage from Impact 67 3.3.5 Matrix Cracking and Crazing 67 3.3.6 Matrix Degradation Due to Anomalous Moisture Absorption 68 3.3.7 Matrix Degradation Due to UV Radiation or Surface Contamination 69 3.3.8 Matrix Degradation Due to High Temperature Exposure 70 3.3.9 Blisters 72 3.3.10 Matrix Degradation Due to Resin Mixture Error 73 3.4 Defects by Location: Fiber-Dominated Process Defects 73 3.4.1 Fiber Misalignment orWrinkles 73 3.4.1.1 In-PlaneWaviness 73 3.4.1.2 Out-of-PlaneWaviness 74 3.4.2 Excessive Ply Drops and Gaps 76 3.4.3 Fiber Damage 78 3.5 Defects by Location: Sandwich Composite Defects 78 3.5.1 Core Defect: Over-Expanded or Blown Core 79 3.5.2 Core Defect: Core Crushing or Movement 79 3.5.3 Core Defect: Core-Splice Spacing Exceeding Limits 80 3.5.4 Core Defect: Incorrect or Variable CoreThickness 80 3.5.5 Core Defect: Core Degradation Due to Core Defect –Water Entrapment in Core 81 3.5.6 Core Defect: Incorrect Core Density 81 3.5.7 Core Defect: Misaligned Nodes or Unbonded Nodes in Core Cell 81 3.5.8 Core Defect: Mismatched Nodes or Corrugations 82 3.5.9 Core Defect: Corrosion 82 3.5.10 Facesheet Defect: Pillowing,Wrinkling, or Orange Peel 82 3.5.11 Facesheet Defect: Dents in Facesheet 83 3.5.12 Facesheet/Core Disbond 83 3.5.13 Defects in Adhesive Fillets 84 3.5.14 Edge-Closeout Defects 84 3.6 Defects by Location: Mixed-Mode Fiber and Matrix Defects 86 3.6.1 Impact Damage with Fiber Breakage 86 3.6.2 Bearing Damage 87 3.6.3 Edge Cracking and Crushing 88 3.6.4 Cuts, Scratches, and Gouges 89 3.6.5 Composite Damage from Lightning Strikes 89 3.6.6 Misdrilled Holes 90 3.6.7 Mismatched Parts 90 3.6.8 Incorrect Fiber Orientation or Missing Plies 91 3.6.9 Galvanic Corrosion 91 3.6.10 Resin Migration and Uneven Fiber Volume Fraction 92 3.6.11 Residual Stresses and Dimensional Conformance 94 3.6.12 Delaminations 96 3.6.13 Composite Degradation Due to Excessive Temperature and Chemical Exposure 98 3.6.13.1 Fibers 98 3.6.13.2 Matrix 98 3.7 Defects by Location: Fastened and Bonded Joint Defects 98 3.7.1 Fastened Joints 98 3.7.1.1 Bearing Damage 99 3.7.1.2 Hole Delamination/Fraying 99 3.7.1.3 Hole Elongation or Out-of-Round Holes 99 3.7.1.4 Fastener Seating 99 3.7.1.5 Fastener Over-Torque 99 3.7.1.6 Fastener Under-Torque 100 3.7.1.7 Missing Fastener 100 3.7.1.8 Porosity Near the Fastener 100 3.7.1.9 Resin-Starved Bearing Surface 100 3.7.1.10 Insufficient Edge Margins 100 3.7.1.11 Tilted Hole 100 3.7.2 Bonded Joints 100 3.7.2.1 Poor Cure Due to Improper Material Chemistry: Mixing of Two-Part Resins or Material Past Shelf- or Out Life 103 3.7.2.2 Incorrect Bondline Thickness, Scarf, or Overlap Length 103 3.7.2.3 Zero-Volume Disbond or Long-Term Bond Failure Due to Contamination or Incorrect Surface Preparation 103 3.7.2.4 Bondline Degradation Due to Moisture or Incorrect Pressure During Processing 103 3.7.2.5 Bondline Degradation Due to Incorrect Heating Procedures 104 3.8 Future Directions 104 References 104 4 InspectionMethods 111 4.1 Introduction 111 4.2 Mechanical Vibration NDT Methods 117 4.2.1 Low Frequency Methods 117 4.2.1.1 Tap Testing 117 4.2.1.2 Mechanical Impedance 117 4.2.1.3 Membrane Resonance 118 4.2.2 High Frequency Ultrasonic Methods 118 4.2.2.1 Pulse Echo andThru-Transmission 118 4.2.2.2 Pulse Echo Ultrasonics 119 4.2.2.3 Through-Transmission Ultrasonics 119 4.2.2.4 Phased Array Ultrasonics 120 4.2.2.5 Ultrasonic Spectroscopy for Zero-Volume Disbonds 120 4.2.2.6 Ultrasonic Methods for Fiber Distortion 120 4.2.2.7 Guided LambWaves 122 4.2.2.8 Air-Coupled Ultrasonics 122 4.2.3 Acoustic Emission 123 4.3 Visual and Enhanced Visual Methods 125 4.3.1 Visual Inspections 125 4.3.2 Verification or Pressure Film 125 4.3.3 Leak Testing 126 4.4 Electromagnetic Radiation (X-Ray, Gamma, and Neutron) 126 4.4.1 Radiography 126 4.4.2 Computed Tomography 127 4.4.3 Compton Scattering 130 4.4.4 Neutron Tomography 131 4.5 Optical Methods 131 4.5.1 Shearography 131 4.5.2 Digital Image Correlation (DIC) 133 4.5.3 Hyperspectral Near Infrared Method for Resin Migration and Fiber Distortion 135 4.5.4 Laser Profilometers and Image Processing 136 4.6 Strain Measurement 137 4.7 Thermography 138 4.7.1 ActiveThermography 139 4.7.1.1 Thermoelastic Stress Analysis 139 4.7.2 Passive Thermography 139 4.8 Destructive Methods 142 4.8.1 Physical Tests 142 4.8.2 Density and Porosity Measurements 144 4.8.3 Microscopy 145 4.9 NDT Standards 147 References 147 5 Effects of Defects – Design Values and Statistical Considerations 159 5.1 Introduction 159 5.2 Effects on Laminate Properties 162 5.2.1 Cure Cycle Anomalies 162 5.2.1.1 Porosity 162 5.2.1.2 Nonuniformly Distributed Voids (Stratified Porosity) 163 5.2.1.3 Stratified Porosity or Delamination in L-Shaped Details 163 5.2.1.4 In-Plane Fiber Misalignment 164 5.2.1.5 FiberWaviness (Out-of-Plane) 164 5.2.1.6 Waviness in Curved Parts 168 5.2.1.7 Ply Gaps and Overlaps 170 5.2.2 Cuts, Scratches, and Gouges 171 5.2.3 Edge Delaminations 172 5.2.4 Foreign Object Impact 172 5.3 Effects on Sandwich Composites Properties 174 5.3.1 Facesheet to Core Disbonding 174 5.3.2 Facesheet Pillowing 175 5.3.3 Node Disbonds 176 5.3.4 Core Splicing 176 5.4 Effects on Bolted Joint Properties 179 5.4.1 Delaminations at the Holes 180 5.4.2 Oversize Holes 182 5.4.3 Over-Torqued Fasteners 182 5.4.4 Porosity Near Fasteners 184 5.5 Effects on Bonded Joint Properties 184 5.5.1 Assessment of Defects in Design of Bonded Joints 185 5.6 Statistical Considerations 185 5.6.1 Mean versus Design Values 189 5.6.2 Simpson’s Paradox 189 5.6.3 Design of Experiments 189 5.7 Suggested Approach for Evaluation of Defects 191 5.8 Evaluation of Scaling and Multiple Defects 192 References 194 6 Selected Case Studies in Effects of Defects 201 6.1 Introduction 201 6.2 Case Study 1: The Ohio Timber Road IIWind Turbine Failure Due to Wrinkles 201 6.2.1 Event 201 6.2.2 Background 201 6.2.3 Investigation 202 6.2.4 Lessons Learned 202 6.3 Case Study 2: Faulty Repairs of Sandwich Core Structure 203 6.3.1 Event 203 6.3.2 Lessons Learned 203 6.4 Case Study 3: Bonded Repair Failure 205 6.4.1 Event 205 6.4.2 Investigation 205 6.4.3 Lessons Learned 205 6.5 Case Study 4: Air Transat 961 Sandwich-Composite Failure 206 6.5.1 Event 206 6.5.2 Investigation 206 6.5.3 Lessons Learned 207 6.6 Case Study 5: Debonding Failure of a Sandwich-Composite Cryogenic Fuel Tank 208 6.6.1 Event 208 6.6.2 Investigation 208 6.6.3 Lessons Learned 208 References 209 Glossary 211 Index 215

Read more less

Book SynopsisExplore the cutting-edge in self-healing polymers and composites In Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites, a pair of distinguished materials scientists delivers an insightful and up-to-date exploration of the fundamentals, theory, design, fabrication, characterization, and application of self-healing polymers and polymer composites. The book discusses how to prepare self-healing polymeric materials, how to increase the speed of crack repair, high temperature applications, and how to broaden the spectrum of healing agent species. The authors emphasize the integration of existing techniques with novel synthetic approaches for target-oriented materials design and fabrication. They provide a comprehensive view of this emerging field, allowing new researchers to gather a firm understanding of the framework for creating new materials or applications. Additionally, the book includes: A thorough introduction to the fieTable of ContentsPreface Chapter 1 Basics of self-healing – state of the art 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Adhesive bonding for healing thermosetting materials 1.1.2 Fusion bonding for healing thermoplastic materials 1.1.3 Bioinspired self-healing 1.2 Intrinsic self-healing 1.2.1 Self-healing based on physical interactions 1.2.2 Self-healing based on chemical interactions 1.2.3 Self-healing based on supramolecular interactions 1.3 Extrinsic self-healing 1.3.1 Self-healing in terms of healant loaded pipelines 1.3.2 Self-healing in terms of healant loaded microcapsules 1.4 Insights for future work 1.5 References Chapter 2 Extrinsic self-healing via addition polymerization 2.1 Design and selection of healing system 2.2 Microencapsulation of mercaptan and epoxy by in-situ polymerization 2.2.1 Microencapsulation of mercaptan 2.2.2 Microencapsulation of epoxy 2.3 Filling polymeric tubes with mercaptan and epoxy 2.4 Characterization of self-healing functionality 2.4.1 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded dual encapsulated healant – healing of crack due to monotonic fracture 2.4.2 Factors related to performance improvement 2.4.3 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded dual encapsulated healant – healing of fatigue crack 2.4.4 Self-healing epoxy/glass fabric composites with embedded dual encapsulated healant – healing of impact damage 2.4.5 Self-healing epoxy/glass fabric composites with self-pressurized healing system 2.5 Concluding remarks 2.6 References Chapter 3 Extrinsic self-healing via cationic polymerization 3.1 Thermosetting 3.1.1 Microencapsulation of epoxy by UV irradiation-induced interfacial copolymerization 3.1.2 Encapsulation of boron-containing curing agent 3.1.2.1 Loading boron-containing curing agent onto porous media 3.1.2.2 Microencapsulation of boron-containing curing agent via hollow capsules approach 3.1.3 Characterization of self-healing functionality 3.1.3.1 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and (C2H5)2O•BF3-loaded sisal 3.1.3.2 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded dual encapsulated healant 3.1.4 Preparation of silica walled microcapsules containing SbF5•HOC2H5/HOC2H5 3.1.5 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and SbF5•HOC2H5/HOC2H5-loaded silica capsules 3.1.6 Preparation of silica walled microcapsules containing TfOH 3.1.7 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and TfOH-loaded silica capsules 3.2 Thermoplastics 3.2.1 Preparation of IBH/GMA-loaded microcapsules 3.2.2 Self-healing PS composites filled with IBH/GMA-loaded microcapsules and NaBH4 particles 3.3 Concluding remarks 3.4 References Chapter 4 Extrinsic self-healing via anionic polymerization 4.1 Preparation of epoxy-loaded microcapsules and latent hardener 4.1.1 Microencapsulation of epoxy by in-situ condensation 4.1.2 Preparation of imidazole latent hardener 4.2 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and latent hardener 4.3 Self-healing epoxy/woven glass fabric composites with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and latent hardener – healing of interlaminar failure 4.4 Durability of healing ability 4.5 Self-healing epoxy/woven glass fabric composites with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and latent hardener – healing of impact damage 4.6 Concluding remarks 4.7 References Chapter 5 Extrinsic self-healing via miscellaneous reactions 5.1 Extrinsic self-healing via nucleophilic addition and ring-opening reactions 5.1.1 Microencapsulation of GMA by in-situ polymerization 5.1.2 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded single-component healant 5.2 Extrinsic self-healing via living polymerization 5.2.1 Preparation of living PMMA and its composites with GMA-loaded microcapsules 5.2.2 Self-healing performance of living PMMA composites filled with GMA-loaded microcapsules 5.2.3 Preparation of GMA-loaded multilayered microcapsules and their PS based composites 5.2.4 Self-healing performance of PS composites filled with GMA-loaded multilayered microcapsules 5.3 Extrinsic self-healing via free radical polymerization 5.3.1 Microencapsulation of styrene and BPO 5.3.2 Self-healing performance of epoxy composites filled with the dual capsules 5.4 Concluding remarks 5.5 References Chapter 6 Intrinsic self-healing via Diels-Alder reaction 6.1 Molecular design and synthesis 6.1.1 Synthesis and characterization of DGFA 6.1.2 Reversibility of DA bonds and crack remendability of DGFA based polymer 6.1.3 Synthesis and characterization of FGE 6.1.4 Reversibility of DA bonds and crack remendability of FGE based polymer 6.2 Blends of DGFA and FGE 6.2.1 Reversibility of DA bonds 6.2.2 Crack remendability of cured DGFA/FGE blends 6.3 Concluding remarks 6.4 References Chapter 7 Intrinsic self-healing via synchronous fission/radical recombination of C-ON bond 7.1 Thermal reversibility of alkoxyamine in polymer solids 7.2 Self-healing crosslinked polystyrene 7.2.1 Synthesis 7.2.2 Characterization 7.3 Self-healing epoxy 7.3.1 Synthesis 7.3.2 Characterization 7.4 Self-healing polymers containing alkoxyamine with oxygen insensitivity and reduced homolysis temperature 7.4.1 Synthesis 7.4.2 Characterization 7.5 Reversible shape memory polyurethane network with intrinsic self-healability of wider crack 7.5.1 Synthesis 7.5.2 Characterization 7.6 Concluding remarks 7.7 References Chapter 8 Intrinsic self-healing via exchange reaction of disulfide bond 8.1 Room-temperature self-healable and remoldable crosslinked polysulfide 8.2 Sunlight driven self-healing polymers containing disulfide bond 8.2.1 Crosslinked polyurethane 8.2.1.1 Bulk polymer 8.2.1.2 Composites with silver nanowires as strain sensor 8.2.2 Commercial silicone elastomer 8.3 Self-healing and reclaiming of vulcanized rubber 8.4 Concluding remarks 8.5 References

Read more less

Book SynopsisRecent advances in polymer science have made it possible to relate quantitatively molecular structure to rheological behavior. At the same time, new methods of synthesis and characterization allow the preparation and structural verification of samples having a range of branched polymeric structures. This book unites this knowledge to enable production of polymers with prescribed processability and end-product properties.Methods of polymer synthesis and characterization are described, starting from fundamentals. The foundations of linear viscoelasticity are introduced, and then the linear behavior of entangled polymers is described in detail. This is followed by a discussion of the molecular modeling of linear behavior. Tube models for both linear and branched polymers are presented. The final two chapters deal with nonlinear rheological behavior and tube models to describe nonlinearity.In this second edition, each chapter has been significantly rewritten to account for recent advances in experimental methods and theoretical modeling. It includes new and updated material on developments in polymer synthesis and characterization, computational algorithms for linear and nonlinear rheology prediction, measurement of nonlinear viscoelasticity, entanglement detection algorithms in molecular dynamics, nonlinear constitutive equations, and instabilities.Table of Contents Introduction Structure of Polymers Polymerization Reactions and Processes Linear Viscoelasticity--Fundamentals Linear Viscoelasticity--Behavior of Molten Polymers Tube Models for Linear Polymers--Fundamentals Tube Models for Linear Polymers--Advanced Topics Determination of Molecular Weight Distribution Using Rheology Tube Models for Branched Polymers Nonlinear Viscoelasticity Tube Models for Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of Linear and Branched Polymers

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe intent of all technological advancements in the machining universe is to increase productivity and precision with less involvement of the endangered species known as the Machinist. Connectivity, data, and digitization are providing opportunities for significant improvements in modeling, programming, simulation, machine/people productivity, and real-time decision making. Advances in chip technology and processing speeds yield more sophisticated controls. Software enhancements create advanced CAM systems which interpret more complex models and produce higher precision programs.This book demonstrates how to integrate these technological advancements with Lean /Six Sigma, CNC Programming, Quality, and machining best practices to create an agile machining organization capable of winning against competition anywhere in the world.While most publications are written for executives the author has deliberately designed this publication for the entire organization. The role of everyone on the organizational chart or in the shop is discussed and reviewed. The premise of the book is that the demands of global competition on the modern machining organization are so great that success requires a foundation of Leadership, People, Equipment, Quality, IT, robust processes, and all employees executing to yield exceptional quality, delivery, and profits. The author provides the architecture and blueprint for high performance.With the purchase of this book, you also receive a free personal access code to download the eBook.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDie Design for Extrusion of Plastic Tubes and Pipes covers this topic from a uniquely practical perspective. The content draws on the author's over 50 years of experience in the plastics processing industry, most recently as head of the successful extrusion die manufacturing company he established in 1995. His approach is oriented toward solving production problems at the design stage using computer aided techniques for design and simulation of the plastic flow.The book provides a step-by-step guide to extrusion die design, with worked examples to illustrate problem solving. It is shown how important melt flow variables (e.g., pressure drop, shear stress, shear rate, temperature variations, and distribution variations, etc.) of key materials are determined using FEM software. The detailed drawings of complete dies for various applications that are provided constitute a rare and valuable resource. Both mono- and multilayer pipes are covered.Using the proven methods and examples from this book, the reader is well-equipped to understand dies for successful manufacture of tubes and pipes of many types.With the purchase of this book, you also receive a free personal access code to download the eBook.Table of Contents Basic Considerations Project Planning Design of a Simple Die Simulation of Melt Flow Spiral Die Monolayer Die for Tubes 1 mm t6 mm Monolayer Die for Tubes 4 mm t16 mm Monolayer Die for Pipes 50 mm t125 mm Monolayer Die for Pipes 140 mm t315 mm Coextrusion Pipe Dies Coextrusion Die (5 mm t16 mm) Coextrusion Three-Layer Die (20 mm t65 mm) Three-Layer-Plus-Striping Die for 25 mm t110 mm Pipes Materials for Extrusion Dies.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDiscontinuous long fiber-reinforced polymer structures with local continuous fiber reinforcements represent an important class of lightweight materials with broad design possibilities and various technical applications, eg, in vehicle construction. However, in contrast to continuous fiber-reinforced composites, extensively used in the aircraft industry, there is still a lack of integrated and experimentally proven concepts for manufacture, modeling, and dimensioning of combinations of discontinuously and continuously reinforced polymer structures. This is partly ascribed to the complexity of the manufacturing processes of discontinuously reinforced polymers, heterogeneous, anisotropic, and nonlinear material and structural properties, but also to the resulting bonding problem of both material types.This book addresses these issues, including both continuous and discontinuous fiber processing strategies. Specific design strategies for advanced composite reinforcement are provided with an integrated and holistic approach for composites material selection, product design, and mechanical properties. Characterization, simulation, technology, design, future research, and implementation directions are also included.In the field of application of three-dimensional load-bearing structures, this book provides an excellent foundation for the enhancement of scientific methods and engineers who need an interdisciplinary understanding of process and materials techniques, as well as simulation and product development methods.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSpecialty thermoplastics command a US$3 billion market worldwide. Their use is proliferating in aerospace and transportation, medical applications including implants, electrical and electronics, textiles and general engineering, and the oil and gas industries. This book provides the key details of all specialty thermoplastics in one volume, uncluttered by information on other commodity and engineering plastics. It covers the spectrum of manufacturing methods, major properties, processing, and applications.The extraordinary resistance of specialty thermoplastics to high temperature, oxidation, hydrolysis, other chemicals, and radiation, as well as outstanding mechanical properties at temperatures from -40 to 300 °C make them attractive materials for challenging applications. R&D scientists will appreciate the coverage here of different polymer structures for specialty plastics and why certain structures are technically and commercially preferred. Plastics engineers and product design engineers are empowered to select the right plastic in the right grade for the desired applications.Guidance on processing of specialty plastics using injection and compression molding, extrusion, and coating is provided, together with a wealth of details regarding applications, including aspects that are not readily visible, such as touch and feel.In addition to users in industry and academic research, this work is also applicable as a textbook for special courses on polymer science and engineering for graduate and undergraduate students.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis is an introductory textbook on polymer science aimed at lecturers/professors, undergraduate and graduate students of polymer science and technology courses as well as engineering (materials, chemical, civil, food, etc.), chemistry, and physics. It is also aimed at engineers and technologists.Each chapter is written starting from simple concepts and progressively getting more complex towards its end, to help the reader decide how deep to go into each topic. Each chapter also presents the solution of many proposed problems, guiding the reader to solve numerically the everyday problems polymer technologists face, by applying theoretical concepts. Additionally, at every chapter’s end there is a list of problems for the reader to check his/her understanding of the topics.The book contains a list of more than 10 experiments to perform in the laboratory, linked to some of the concepts discussed in the book. It also serves as a long-term reference with many figures, diagrams, tables, chemical equations containing frequently needed information. It contains as well an appendix with a long list of chemical structures of the main commercially available polymers.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis introductory book covers the entire spectrum of the plastics technology/engineering, from raw material to finished plastic products. It is intended not just for university/college students in plastics technology and other engineering disciplines but also for beginners to the field in general.The interconnectivity between the different relevant knowledge areas of plastics technology, such as materials engineering, processing technology, and product development, is emphasized. A chapter “Plastics and the Environment” is also included, covering a topic (rightly) often of great concern to students and newcomers to the field.Also includes numerous videos, conveniently linked via QR codes, to better demonstrate key processes visually.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMeasurement uncertainty is an important component of modern materials analysis: it indicates the boundaries within which the test results can be trusted. Such results are necessary for understanding of, for example, material and product tolerances and lifetimes, vital for plastic product reliability and safety.Determination of measurement uncertainty is normally quite laborious, but this book shows how the available interlaboratory test data for plastics can be used to calculate measurement uncertainty much more simply. It contains many interlaboratory test results in the fields of thermoanalysis, molar mass determination, and quantitative analysis of the composition of material, presented in tables and graphical charts, discussed in the text, and elaborated by practical examples.In addition to the evaluation by means of the presented data (top-down approach), the relationship to the bottom-up approach specified in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) is explained based on an example. Further sections deal with sampling, and the issue of whether or not the difference between analytical results is significant.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a necessary bridge between the values of engineering end-use parameters of polyethylene resins and their scientific molecular and structural characteristics. The main goal is to translate such common parameters, such as the melt index of a resin or the dart impact strength of a film sample, into the universal language of polymer science. After this translation is completed, many facets of the resin properties become transparent and easily explainable.The second edition is brought up to date with coverage of new types of catalysts and polymerization processes, and a new section on PE recycling. The chapter on melt indexes is modified and simplified, that on stress cracking has a significant update, and a new chapter on the nature of LLDPE extractables is added. Contents: Educational Minimum: Manufacture, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Resins Melt Index and Melt Flow Ratio of Polyethylene Resin Melting Point of Polyethylene Resin Crystallinity Degree and Density of Polyethylene Resins End-Use Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Film End-Use Testing of High Molecular Weight HDPE and MDPE Resins Nature of LLDPE Extractables

Read more less

Book SynopsisPlastics production comprises the main process steps ""synthesis (reaction)"", ""preparation/compounding"" at the raw material manufacturer and compounder, and ""processing"" (shaping into semi-finished or finished products). In this handbook, the central middle step, preparation and compounding, is discussed. The preparation tasks include the removal of components, the incorporation of additives, and the change of particle size. Compounding is the incorporation of additives into a polymer or plastic. The process engineering fundamentals and the specific equipment and machines used are described. The specialist authors impart their knowledge from the fields of research, polymer production, and equipment/machine production with applications in plastics technology.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book shows the true and often-underestimated market potential of plastics recycling, with analysis from economic, ecological, and technical perspectives. It is aimed at both technical and non-technical readers, including decision makers in material suppliers, plastic product manufacturers, governmental agencies, educators, and anyone with a general interest in plastics recycling.An overview of waste handling systems with a focus on the U.S. market is provided. Different methods of waste handling are compared from both economic and ecological perspectives.Since plastic waste recycling is essential from an ecological point of view, common strategies and new approaches to both increase the recycling rate and improve recycling economically and technically are presented. This includes processing and material properties of recycled plastics.Finally, a worldwide outlook of plastic recycling is provided with analysis of additional worldwide markets, encompassing highly developed, fast-developing, and less developed countries.Bonus HanserPLUS content: all the data and calculations presented in the book are provided as downloadable spreadsheets for the reader’s own analysis and updates.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a structured methodology and scientific basis for engineering injection molds. The topics are presented in a top-down manner, beginning with introductory definitions and the big picture before proceeding to layout and detailed design of molds. The book provides very pragmatic analysis with worked examples that can be readily adapted to real-world product design applications. It will help students and practitioners to understand the inner workings of injection molds and encourage them to think outside the box in developing innovative and highly functional mold designs.Injection molding continues to be a core plastics manufacturing process, but now has competition from additive manufacturing for certain applications, and environmental concerns are in the spotlight. The 3rd edition addresses these issues, in particular with a new chapter on mold manufacturing strategy to provide an overview of the most common machining and additive manufacturing processes with cost and time models to guide the manufacturing strategy; updated and simplified break-even cost models to assist in the mold layout design (number of cavities and type of mold) vs. 3D printing; a new section on environmental concerns include mold design for recycled resins; and updates to the International Tolerance standards, and the new technology and simulation sections.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsThe Environment of Quality // The Approach to Quality: Concepts and Definitions // History of Quality

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides understanding of raw materials, manufacturing and biomedical applications of different polymeric and natural composites such as drug delivery, growth factor delivery, orthopedics, dentistry and wound dressing.Table of Contents1 Natural polymers-based biocomposites: State of art, new challenges and opportunities2 Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites: Manufacturing and biomedical applications3 Polymeric biocomposites from renewable and sustainable natural resources4 Soy protein based composites and nanocomposites for biomedical applications5 Processing and biomedical application of micro and nanocellulose based polymeric composites6 Polymer/carbon nanocomposites for biomedical applications7 Magnetic polymer nanocomposites: Manufacturing and biomedical applications8 Jackfruit seed starch-based composite beads for controlled drug release9 Biopolymeric-inorganic composites for drug delivery applications10 Polymeric nanocomposites for cancer targeted drug delivery11 Biopolymer-ceramic nanocomposite scaffolds for orthopaedic drug delivery in bone tissue engineering12 Biodegradable polymer-based composites for tissue regeneration13 Natural polymer-based composite wound dressings14 Natural polymer-based composites for delivery of growth factors15 Biopolymer-based nanocomposites in dentistry

Read more less

Book Synopsis This book presents selected peer-reviewed contributions from the 2020 International Conference on “Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications”, PHENMA 2020 (26–29 March 2021, Kitakyushu, Japan), focusing on processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials. The book describes a broad spectrum of promising nanostructures, crystal structures, materials, and composites with unique properties. It presents nanotechnological design approaches, environmental-friendly processing techniques, and physicochemical as well as mechanical studies of advanced materials. The selected contributions describe recent progress in computational materials science methods and algorithms (in particular, finite-element and finite-difference modelling) applied to various technological, mechanical, and physical problems. The presented results are important for ongoing efforts concerning the theory, modelling, and testing of advanced materials. Other results are devoted to promising devices with higher accuracy, increased longevity, and greater potential to work effectively under critical temperatures, high pressure, and in aggressive environments.Table of Contents

Read more less

Book SynopsisMechanics of Composite, Hybrid, and Multifunctional Materials, Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 3 of the Proceedings of the 2021 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the third volume of four from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including:Recycled Constituent CompositesDamage DetectionAdvanced Imaging of CompositesMultifunctional MaterialsComposite InterfacesTunable CompositesNovel Experimental MethodsExtreme EnvironmentsInterfacial FractureIntegration of Models & ExperimentsMechanics of Energy & Energetic MaterialsIntegration of Models & ExperimentsIn Situ Techniques for Fatigue & FractureMicroscale & Microstructural Effects on Mechanical BehaviorTable of ContentsChapter 1. Effects of Water Saturation and Low Temperature Coupling on the Mechanical Behavior Mechanical Behavior of Carbon and E-Glass Epoxy Laminates.- Chapter 2. Initiation and Propagation Fracture Toughness of AA7475-T7651 under Different Loading Conditions.- Chapter 3. Flow Stress and Fracture Toughness Behavior of AA5083 under Quasi-static Loading.- Chapter 4. Development of Carbon-glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites: Applications in Offshore Wind Turbine Blades.- Chapter 5. Effect of the Graphene Nano Platelets (GnP) on the Mechanical Properties in Recycled PP Based Hybrid Composites.- Chapter 6. Static and Dynamic Behaviour of Recycled AA7075 Based Composites reinforced with ZrO2 - gamma-Al203 Fibre and SiC.- Chapter 7. Recycled “Al431+A1050” based Composites Reinforced with “TiC” Ceramic Powders for Aeronautical Applications.- Chapter 8. Experimental and Finite Element Study of Recycled Aluminium (AA7075) Matrix Composites Reinforced of TiC/MoS2/-Al2O3 Fibre/Nb2Al.- Chapter 9. Tailored Behaviour of Scrap Copper Matrix Composites Reinforced with "Zn-Ni-Al" Low Cost Shape Memory Structures.- Chapter 10. Mechanical Properties of Recycled Rubber modified Epoxy Resin based Composites for Aircraft Auxiliary Structures.- Chapter 11. Manufacturing of Thin Sheet “Ni-Ti” Based Composites Reinforced with Nb2Al/TiB2 through hot-forged Bonding: Sandwich Structures.- Chapter 12. Design of Nb-Aluminium (Nb2Al) Intermetallics based Composites An Experimental and Numerical Approach for Toughening Mechanism.- Chapter 13. Numerical Modeling of Recycled Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Glass Fibers at High Strain Rates.- Chapter 14. Piezoelectric Actuators as Control Surfaces for Morphing Vehicle.- Chapter 15. Alternative Concretes: Study of Concrete Performance with Addition of Copper Tailings Reinforced and Steel Fiber.- Chapter 16. Cyclical Instrumented Indentation Testing for Fatigue Characterization of Metals.- Chapter 17. Toughening Mechanism of Recycled Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Glass Fibers + Alumna Fibers for Military Applications.- Chapter 18. Sensitivity Analysis of a Concrete Structure Subjected to Cyclic Loading Using a Polynomial Chaos Expansion Method.

Read more less

Book SynopsisShape Memory Composites Based on Polymers and Metals for 4D Printing is a thorough discussion of the physics and chemistry behind this developing area of materials science. It provides readers with a clear exposition of shape-memory-composite (SMC) preparation techniques for 3D and 4D printing processes and explains how intelligent manufacturing technology may be applied in fields such as robotics, construction, medical science, and smart sensors. The book covers fundamental background knowledge on the synthesis of shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape memory alloys (SMAs), and additive manufacturing techniques. Polymers and metals and their roles in 4D printing are dealt with separately, and applications of 4D printing are treated in their own chapter. The different alloy compositions and nanoparticle fillers in polymer composites are examined in detail, along with the key mechanisms involved in their processing. Hybrid nanofillers and synergistic composite mixtures, which are either in extensive current use or have shown promising outcomes in the field of 4D printing, are thoroughly discussed. Differences between these novel SMCs and traditional metal alloys, organic and inorganic composites are presented, and means by which they can improve mechanical properties that are triggered by external sources like magnetic field, temperature, and pH of solvent, are set out. This book provides practitioners, industrial researchers, and scholars with a state-of-the-art overview of SMP/SMA synthesis, additive manufacturing, modification in synthesis of SMCs for 4D printing, and their likely future applications.Table of ContentsAdvances in 4D Printing of Shape Memory Materials: Current Status and Developments.- Characterization Techniques for Shape Memory Alloys and Polymers.- Synthesis Techniques of Shape Memory Alloys.- Synthesis Techniques of Shape Memory Alloys Iron Based Shape Memory Alloy.- Nitinol Based Shape Memory Alloy.- Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Nanoscale Insight into the Phase Transformation and Deformation Behavior of Shape Memory Alloys.- Influences of Powder Size (SMAs) Distribution Fe-Mn/ Alloy 625 Systematic Studies of 4D Printing Conceivable Applications.- 4D Printing of Nitinol Based Shape Memory Alloy: Process Parameters Optimization, Microstructure, Phase Transformation and Thermomechanical Properties.- Status of Cu-Based Shape Memory Alloys: Trends in 4D Printing.- Synthesis Techniques of Shape Memory Polymer Composites.- Wet Synthesis Methods of Shape Memory Polymer Composites.- Recent Progress in Synthesis Methods of Shape Memory Polymers Composites.- Effect of Nano and Hybrid Fillers on Shape Memory Polymers Properties.- Meso, Micro and Nano Particulate Filled Shape Memory Polymers.- Fiber and Fabric Reinforced Shape Memory Polymers.- Organic Shape Memory Foams.- Combination of Shape Memory Polymers and Metal Alloys.- 4D Printing of Nanostructure Modified Shape Memory Polymer Composites.- Devices and Sensors Based on Additively Manufactured Shape Memory of Hybrid Nanocomposites.- Applications of 4D Printing.- Modern Approach Towards Additive Manufacturing and 4D Printing: Emerging Industries, Challenges and Future Scope.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume deals with the various fabrication techniques, surface functionalization and biomedical applications of polymeric fibers possessing different scale and structure. It provides an overview of fabrication techniques such as Co-axial, Centrifugal, Melt and Yarning to procure multiscale, tubular and layered fibrous scaffold employed for biomedical applications. The chapters in this volume discusse the surface/chemical functionalization of fibers which enhance the biological properties of the fibrous scaffolds as well as the development of hybrid, layered and external stimuli-responsive fibrous scaffolds that hold potential application in biosensor and other biomedical fields. In addition, recent advances and applications of polymeric multiscale fibers in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug delivery are presented. The potential use of fibrous scaffolds in bone, neural, tendon/ligament and cardiac tissue engineering, nanofibers as an antimicrobial wound dressing, employed in cancer theragnostics and in the treatment of skin/periodontal infections are discussed. The volume provides expert knowledge on the fabrication techniques, development of different scale and hybrid structure fibers, surface functionalization, layered and external stimuli responsive fibrous scaffolds. It will be beneficial to material/biomaterials scientists, bioengineering and biotechnologists by providing a better understanding on the subject of the innovative applications of fibrous scaffolds in drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings and regenerative medicine.Table of ContentsRecent Developments in Electrospinning Spinnertte and Collector Assembly for Biomedical Applications.- Fabrication of Multiscale Polymeric fibers for Biomedical Applications.- Coaxial Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds and Its Biomedical Applications.- Melt Electrospun Nanofibers and Its Biomedical Applications.- Centrifugal Electrospun Nanofibers and Its Biomedical Applications.- Progress, Challenges and Opportunities in Electrospun Yarn-Engineered Biomaterials.- Fabrications of Textile Based Scaffolds Using Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications.- Biomedical Applications of Electrospun Piezoelectric Nanofibrous Scaffolds.- Surface Modified Polymeric Nanofibers in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.- Polymer/Ceramic Nanocomposite Fibers in Bone Tissue Engineering.- Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering.- Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Neural Tissue Engineering.- External Stimuli Responsive Nanofibers in Biomedical Engineering.- Electrospun Antimicrobial Polymeric Nanofibers in Wound dressings.- Application of Electrospun Polymeric Fibrous Membranes as Patches for Atopic Skin Treatments.- Nanofibrous Scaffolds for the Management of Periodontal Diseases.- Recent Advances in Brain Tumour Therapy using Electrospun Nanofibers.- Layered Fibrous Scaffolds/Membranes in Wound Healing.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis edited collection deals with the structure-property relationships and biomedical applications of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives in different fields. Readers will detailed overview of the preparatory methods involved in the derivatives of carboxymethyl chitosan and its interaction with metal ions. The chapters provide a detailed overview of the different types of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives, including the preparatory methods involved, the interactions with metal ions, and the antimicrobial activities. These different forms of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives are found to be potentially used in food packaging, in enhancing saltiness, as biosensors, and also as wound dressing. Chapters are also devoted to the fabrication and biomedical applications of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives-based nanofibers as well as the interaction of carboxymethyl chitosan with blood in blood clotting and the underlying mechanism. Contributing authors additionally explore topics related to carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogels, films, scaffolds, fibers, and composites. Finally, this volume presents the current challenges in developing biomedical products based on carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives. This book will be of interest not only to chemists, but to all scientists working in the fields of material/environmental science, biological science, and biomaterials. These chapters are great resources for any researcher who works with structure-property relationships, biological interactions, and the applications of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives in different biomedical fields.Table of ContentsIntroductory Aspects of Carboxymethyl Chitosan derivatives.- Preparation of Different Types of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives.- Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives and Its Interaction with Metal Ions.- Antimicrobial Properties of Carboxymetyl Chitosan Based Derivatives.- Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives Based Hydrogels and Its Applications.- Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Biosensing.- Carboxymethyl Chitosan Based Derivatives in Blood Clotting and Its Mechanism.- Electrospinning of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Based Derivatives and Its applications.- Carboxymethyl Chitosan Based Derivatives in Diagnosis & Targeting.- Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives for Drug and Vaccine Delivery: An overview.- Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Tissue Engineering.- Functionalized Carboxymethyl Chitosan Based Derivatives in Wound Healing.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book covers Poly(vinyl chloride) Fundamentals, Fabrication and characterization of PVC based composites and nanocomposites specifically natural fibre reinforced PVC composites, carbonaceous filler reinforced PVC composites , metal oxide fled PVC composites and nanocomposites etc. This book also covers the conducting PVC composites and recent advances in nanocomposites based on PVC .The rheological, mechanical, barrier, thermal, dielectric behaviour of PVC composites and nanocomposites are discussed in details. Table of ContentsPolyvinylchloride ,Its composites and nanocomposites: State of art, new challenges and opportunities.- Synthesis, morphology, structure and properties of PVC.- Micro and nano fillers for PVC.- Surface modification of fillers.- Fabrication of PVC based composites and nanocomposites by mechanical mixing.- Fabrication of PVC based composites and nanocomposites by solution mixing.- Fabrication of PVC based composites and nanocomposites by latex stage mixing.- Fabrication of PVC based composites and nanocomposites by freeze drying.- Interface modification and characterization of PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Natural fibre reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Chitin and chitosan based PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Carbon fibre and carbon black reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Clay reinforced PVC composites and Nanocomposites.- Mica and Glass fibre filled PVC composites.- Conducting PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Metal oxide reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Silica reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Nanocomposites of PVC with graphene.- POSS reinforced PVC nanocomposites.- Metal carbonate reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Metal particle filled PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Nanocomposite of PVC with CNT.- Composites and nanocomposites of PVC with hybrid fillers.- Rheological behavior of PVC composites and Nanocomposites.- Microscopy of PVC composites and Nanocomposites.- Morphology –property correlation in PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Mechanical properties of PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Viscoelastic characterization of PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Scattering (X-ray, light, neutron) PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Thermal properties.- PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Spectroscopy of PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Prov.- Dielectric properties PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Barrier properties of PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Aging behavior of PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Fire retardant PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Possible interaction of PVC with micro and nanofillers.- Antistatic PVC nanocomposites.- Glass transition temperature of PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Applications of PVC based composites and nanocomposites.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMembranes for Low Temperature Fuel Cells provides a comprehensive review of novel and state-of-the-art polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) membranes. The author highlights requirements and considerations for a membrane as an integral part of PEMFC and its interactions with other components. It is an indispensible resource for anyone interested in new PEMFC membrane materials and concerned with the development, optimisation and testing of such membranes. Various composite membranes (polymer and non-polymer) are discussed along with analyses of the latest fi ller materials like graphene, ionic liquids, polymeric ionic liquids, nanostructured metal oxides and membrane concepts unfolding in the field of PEMFC. This book provides the latest academic and technical developments in PEMFC membranes with thorough insights into various preparation, characterisation, and testing methods utilised. Factors affecting proton conduction, water adsorption, and transportation behaviour of membranes are also deliberated upon. Provides the latest academic and technical developments in PEMFC membranes. Reviews recent literature on ex situ studies and in situ single-cell and stack tests investigating the durability (chemical, thermomechanical) and degradation of membranes. Surbhi Sharma, MSc, PhD Working on graphene oxide and fuel cells since 2007, she has published about 50 research articles/book chapters and holds a patent. She has also been awarded various research grants.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe book provides accessible and comprehensive information on polymer matrix composites. It presents the basic concept of design of composite materials. It includes chapters on materials testing and characterization, such as mechanical testing and thermal analysis, and lifetime prediction. It discusses both structural and functional applications. Offers comprehensive information on processing, properties and applications polymer matrix composites Presents and reviews the recent development in the field e.g. damage tolerant composites, biocomposites, additive manufacturing Includes latest techniques of performance evaluation and life time assessment of composite materials

Read more less

Book SynopsisWie lange gibt es schon Verbundwerkstoffe? Woher kommt die klassische Laminattheorie? Wer baute den ersten modernen Faserverbund? In diesem Fachbuch zur Geschichte der Materialforschung werden erstmalig werkstofftechnische Forschungs- und Entwicklungsstrategien zu hybriden Werkstoffen des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts untersucht. Dabei analysiert der Autor eine Vielzahl von Fakten, welche einen Pendelgang zwischen konstruktiver Anwendung und werkstofftechnischer Sondierung bei diesen „Baukastenwerkstoffen“ konstatieren. Die vorliegende Untersuchung stellt die Entwicklung und Bedeutung der Verbundwerkstoffe in einem historischen Kontext dar.Table of ContentsFrühe Verbundwerkstoffe.- Entwicklung von Verbundwerkstoffen im industriellen Kontext des 19. Jahrhunderts.- Verbundwerkstoffe im Kontext der Polymerchemie im 20. Jahrhundert.- Entwicklung hybrider Werkstoffsysteme in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.- Auswertung.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAwarded the Literature Prize of the VCI This comprehensive textbook describes the synthesis, characterization and technical and engineering applications of polymers. Polymers are unique molecules and have properties different from any other class of materials. We encounter them in everyday life, not only in the form of the well-known, large-volume plastics such as PE or PP or the many other special polymers, some of which are very specifically modified but also in nature as polymeric biomolecules, such as DNA. Our life, as we know it, would not only be completely different without macromolecules but it would also be biologically impossible. This textbook provides a broad knowledge of the basic concepts of macromolecular chemistry and the unique properties of this class of materials. Environmentally relevant topics, such as biopolymers and microplastic, which should not be missing in a contemporary textbook are also covered. Building on basic knowledge of organic chemistry and thermodynamics, the book presents an easy-to-understand yet in-depth picture of this very dynamic and increasingly important interdisciplinary science that involves elements of chemistry, physics, engineering, and the life sciences. Readers of this work can confirm their understanding of the text at the end of each chapter by working through a selection of exercises. In writing the book, great importance was attached to good readability despite the necessary depth of detail. It is a book that is just as suitable for students of chemistry and related courses as it is for the applied scientist in an industrial environment. The first edition of this work is so far the only textbook on polymer chemistry to be awarded the Literature Prize of the Fund of the German Chemical Industry Association in 2015.Table of ContentsIntroduction and Basic Concepts.- Polymers in Solution.- Polymer Analysis: Molar Mass Determination.- Polymers in Solid State.- Partially Crystalline Polymers.- Amorphous Polymers.- Polymers as Materials.- Step-Growth Polymerization.- Radical Polymerization.- Ionic Polymerization.- Catalytic Polymerization.- Ring-Opening Polymerization.- Copolymerization.- Important Polymers Produced by Chain-Growth Polymerization.- Chemistry with Polymers.- Industrially Relevant Polymerization Processes.- The Basics of Plastics Processing.- Elastomers.- Functional Polymers.- Liquid Crystalline Polymers.- Polymers and the Environment.- Selected Developments in Polymer Science.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume provides a thorough insight into the chemistry and mechanism of ionic gelations of various ionic biopolysaccharides, like alginate, gellan gum, pectin, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc., and the applications of various ionically gelled biopolysaccharides in drug delivery fields, with chapters emphasizing the recent advances in the field by the experts. This book will be of interest to graduate students and academic and industry researchers from pharmacy, biotechnology, bioengineering, biomedical and material sciences fields.Table of ContentsIonically gelled pectinates in drug delivery.- Ionically gelled alginates in drug delivery.- Ionically gelled gellan gum in drug delivery.- Ionically gelled chitosan in drug delivery.- Ionically gelled carboxymethyl polysaccharides in drug delivery.- Polyelectrolyte complex-based ionically gelled biopolymeric systems for sustained drug release.- Ionically gelled polysaccharide-based interpenetrating polymer network systems in drug delivery.- Ionically gelled polysaccharide-based multiple-units in drug delivery.- Ionically gelled polysaccharide-based floating drug delivery systems.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents the select proceedings of the Indo-Korean workshop on Multi Functional Materials for Extreme Loading, 2021. The book mainly focuses on the very important emerging area of response to extreme loading of composites as well as other materials involving characterization studies, failure mechanisms conditions under quasi static to high strain rates, impact loads, blast loads, crash analysis, and other thermal and fatigue loads. The book also includes other important areas related to special materials and techniques such as 3D printing, nano-composites, multifunctional materials, and high temperature materials. The contents of this book are useful for beginners, industrial designers, academic researchers, and graduate students. Table of ContentsChapter 1 - The behaviour of Nickel Foam as Flow Field Plate in PEM Fuel Cell under Mechanical Loads – Numerical Studies.- ​Chapter 2 - Hybrid phase field modelling of dynamic brittle fracture and implementation in FEniCS.-​Chapter 3 - Coating Material Design for Traction Motor Bearings of Electric Vehicles under Electrical Loads.- ​Chapter 4 - A Comparative Investigation of Energy Storage Potential of Nanoparticles Doped in Black Paint Coated Absorber For Solar Desalination Application.-​Chapter 5 - Effect of Heating Rate on the Thermomechanical Cycle of Shape Memory Polymers.-​Chapter 6 - Preparation and optimization of insulin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of insulin to the lungs for diabetes treatment via inhalation.- ​Chapter 7 - Analysis of drill tool wear using acoustic emission signals based on IBS technique for CFRP laminates.- ​Chapter 8 - Eco friendly Sisal Fiber /Poly Lactic Acid Composite Material for Thermal Insulation Applications.- ​Chapter 9 - An Experimental Investigation on Adhesivity of Modified Epoxy at Different Curing Temperature.- ​Chapter 10 - Effect of Eccentricity of Load on buckling behavior of FRP Columns.- ​Chapter 11 - Effect of Annealing Time and Temperature on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Extrusion Printed Polylactic Acid.- ​Chapter 12 - Laser-Induced Forward Transfer of NiTi for functional application.- ​Chapter 13 - Qualification of 3-D Printed AlSi10Mg Part for Military Airborne Applications.- ​Chapter 14 - Parametric analysis and response surface optimization of surface roughness and cutting rate in the machining using WEDM.- ​Chapter 15 - Investigation of Strain Localization in Additively Manufactured AlSi10Mg using CPFEM.- ​Chapter 16 - Study on Drilling of Additively Manufactured Inconel 718.-​Chapter 17 - Extrusion Based 3d-Printing of Bioceramic Structures - A Review.- ​Chapter 18 - A numerical study of ballistic resistance of a single layer ceramic target.-​Chapter 19 - Ballistic performance of circular and oval shape perforated metallic armour.-​Chapter 20 - High-velocity impact studies on Dyneema fabric with and without STF -Experimental and Theoretical studies.- ​Chapter 21 - Pressure-Impulse Diagrams for Paper Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panel Using Finite Element Method.- ​Chapter 22 - Effect of Cell Geometry on the Out of Plane Response of Aluminium Honeycomb using Finite Element Method.- ​Chapter 23 - Interaction of Structural Member with Near Field Detonation: Effect on Shock Wave Pattern and Overpressure Profile.- ​Chapter 24 - ​Failure Analysis of Human Body Lower Extremity during Lateral Blast: A Computational Study.- Chapter 25 - Numerical Simulation of an Impact Damper System by Finite Element Method.-​Chapter 26 - Mechanical Behaviour and Finite Element Analysis of Biomaterials: A Review.-​Chapter 27 - ​Multi-material System Response to an Impact-induced Shock.- Chapter 28 - Numerical Simulation of Strain-rate Effect of Al Circular Tube under Dynamic Loading Conditions.- ​Chapter 29 - Debonding Effects and Shock Propagation in a Layered System Subjected to High Velocity Impact.-​Chapter 30 - ​Comparison of Experimental and Operational modal analysis on a flexible silicone tube conveying fluid.- Chapter 31 - Numerical Modeling of Energy Absorption by Plastic Deformation of Aluminum Honeycomb Structure Subjected to Close-Range Blast Event.- ​Chapter 32 - ​Numerical Modelling of V-Shaped Composite Plate Subjected to Blast Loading.- Chapter 33 - Study of Different Materials to Mitigate Blast Energy for the Tunnel Subjected to Buried Explosion.- ​Chapter 34 - ​Free Vibration and Blast Load Analysis of Porous Functionally Graded Plates.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPolymer-based advanced functional materials are one of most sought after products of this global high performance material demand as polymer-based materials guarantee both processing ease and mechanical flexibilities. This volume provides a comprehensive and updated review of major innovations in the field of polymer-based advanced functional materials which focuses on constructive knowledge on advanced multifunctional materials and their resultant techno-commercial applications. The contents aim at restricting the coverage to energy and environment related applications as the said two are the most emerging application domains of polymer-based advanced functional materials. It highlights the cutting-edge and recent research findings of polymer based advanced functional materials in energy and environment sectors wherein each chapter focuses on a specific energy and environment related application of polymer-based advanced functional materials, their preparation technique, nature enhancement achieved and allied factors. This volume would be of great interest to researchers, academicians and professionals, involved in polymers, chemistry, energy and environmental research, and other allied domains.Table of ContentsSustainable polymer based membrane for energy and environmental applications.- Advanced polymer aerogels for energy storage and water purification applications.- Advanced polymeric material in membrane and hybrid techniques for water and energy sustainability.- Inorganic nanofillers for polymer nanocomposites of energy and environmental interest.- Polyurethane composites for energy and environmental applications.- Polymer-based membranes for vanadium redox batteries.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides an overview on the latest technology and applications of bio-based fiber composite materials. It covers the mechanical and thermal properties of bio-fibers for polymeric resins and explains the different pre-treatment methods used by the researchers for the enhancement. In addition, this book also presents a complete analysis on the tribological behavior of bio-fiber reinforced polymer composites to appreciate the friction and wear behavior. This book would be a handy to the industrial practitioners and researchers in the direction of achieving optimum design for the components made of natural fiber based polymer matrix composites. Table of Contents1. Bio-fibre Reinforced Composites: Mechanical, Thermal and tribological properties and Industrial Applications-An Introduction.- 2. Trash Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Materials for Light Applications.- 3. Bio-fibre Reinforced Polymeric Composites for Industrial, Medicine and Domestic Applications.- 4. Different natural fiber reinforced composites and its potential industrial and domestic applications: A Review.- 5. Biodegradable fibers, Polymers, composites and its biodegradability, processing and Testing Methods.

Read more less

Book Synopsis This book explains general concepts of an important engineering thermoplastic polymer—polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). It describes preparation methods, characterization techniques, and various applications of PTT-based blends, IPNs, and composites. It also gives a clear idea about the engineering thermoplastic, PTT, and its importance in future. In addition to the basic concepts of PTT-based materials, the book also includes novel studies and issues on this topic. This book is an outcome of contributions by experts from different disciplines with various backgrounds and expertise. This book is useful for professionals, researchers, industrial practitioners, graduate students, and senior undergraduates of polymer science and engineering. Additionally, it is also beneficial for researchers working on materials science, surface science, bioengineering, chemical engineering, and nanomaterials. This book helps the researchers and students in expanding their knowledge in this field.Table of ContentsPoly (Trimethylene Terephthalate): Introduction.- PTT based polymer blends and IPNs: preparation methods.- Characterization techniques of PTT based polymer blends and IPNs.- PTT/rubber, thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer blends and IPNs.- PTT based micro and nanocomposites: Methods of preparation and properties.- Characterization techniques used to study various macro and nanocomposites of PTT.- ¬Crystallization and Solid-State Characterization of Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) and its Nanocomposites.- Functional properties of PTT based composites and nanocomposites.- PTT Based Green Composites.- Morphological studies and its effects on PTT-based micro, nanocomposites and polymer blends properties.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book gives an overview of the processing, properties, and applications of fibers and cellulose derivatives obtained from annual plant materials in the formation of non-wood source of pulp. The book comprises illustrations and tables summarizing the latest research on the production of fibers and cellulose derivatives using several key methods and/or characterization techniques. This book collates the information and knowledge of new ways to prepare cellulosic derivatives and describe the concepts and architecture of fibers obtained from annual plants. This book caters to researchers, policymakers, and industrial practitioners who are interested in natural fibers as a way to preserve the forest resource and to satisfy the increasing demand in pulps. Table of Contents1. Characterization and comparative evaluation of structural, chemical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of plant fibers2. Characterization and comparative evaluation of thermal, structural, chemical, mechanical and morphological properties3. Recent developments in pretreatment strategies on annual plant residues for bioethanol production: Technological progress and challenges4. Production of cellulose nanocrystal from date palm and their comparison with others sources5. Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanofibril from annual plant6. Characterization of nanocellulose obtained from cactus7. Corn crop residues as source to obtain cellulose nanocrystals8. Recent nanocelullose applications for sustainable agriculture – A review9. Alternative adhesives for composites made of annual plants10. Annual Plant Reinforced Biocomposite Fiberboards – Investigation on Mechanical Properties11. Nanocomposites with cellulose nanocrystals extracted from annual plants12. Advances in the production of cellulose nanomaterials and their use in engineering (bio)plastics13. An overview on the pharmaceutical applications of nanocellulose14. Preparation and characterization of cellulosic derivatives from annual plant15. Structure and properties of cellulose and its derivatives16. Activated Carbon from agricultural waste for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solution17. Valorization of annual plants in removing synthetic dyes18. Schinus molle: Currently status and opportunity

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book highlights a comprehensive review of synthesis, properties, and strategies to improve the applicability of 2D materials like graphene, borophenes, metal nanosheets, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). It also highlights the synthesis of 2D-based hybrid composite materials and their effects on applicability, especially in energy, environment, and biomedical applications, by incorporating surface functional groups, metal/non-metal ions, and polymers. The advancement in innovative technology and use of 2D-based hybrid composite materials can improve the development of newer products/opening newer possibilities to fight existing issues related to environment, energy, and biomedical sciences. However, researchers continue to face numerous challenges in developing newer products/possibilities, large-scale production, with health and environmental impact being a challenge.This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, professionals and students working in the field of advanced materials, especially 2D-based hybrid composites.Table of ContentsBoron Nitride and Its Hybrids: Synthesis, Properties and Potential Applications.- Two-dimensional (2D) materials incorporated PMMA Polymeric Nanocomposites: Synthesis and applications.- Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Oxides (TMOs) for solar cell applications.- MXene-based Two-dimensional (2D) Hybrid materials and their Applications towards environment.- 2D Metal Carbides & Nitrides (MXenes) in Water Treatment.- Two dimensional (2D)-hybrid nanocomposites for environmental sensing applications.- Graphene-based nanocomposites in electrochemical sensing.- Two-Dimensional (2D) Materials for Bio-sensing applications.- Two-dimensional material based novel drug delivery system.- Two-dimensional graphene quantum dots in drug delivery applications.- Two-dimensional (2D)-based Hybrid Composites for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.- Two dimensional (2D) based hybrid polymeric nanoparticles as novel potential therapeutics in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.- Potential of 2D-Materials: Novel Insights and Applications in Colorectal Cancer Research.- An Overview of Two-Dimensional Materials and Their Applications in Dentistry.- Two-Dimensional-Based Hybrid Materials for Agriculture System.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book highlights the pulchritudinous features of FRP composites emphasizing failure criteria referring to microstructural as well as micromechanical aspects. The potential and promises of this class of material as being explored for supercritical applications necessitate the analysis and assessment of FRPs with a spectrum of low to high strain rates. Additionally, constitutive modeling and shock properties of polymeric composites along with the data processing techniques and relevant theories for different characterization methods are conversed. The findings of previous studies available on mechanical characteristics of polymer composites under quasi-static and high-strain-rate circumstances are also discussed. The dearth of open literature and limited information culminate the need for this book which may eventually bridge the existing gap. Table of ContentsIntroduction to Composite Materials.- Polymer Matrix Materials for Ballistic Armors.- Fiber reinforcements.- Characterization techniques in different strain-rate spectrum.- Microstructural Failure Mechanisms Analysis.- Micromechanics of FRP Composites and the Analytical Approach for Ballistic Response.- Recent development of constitutive models for strain-rate sensitive FRP composite materials.- High-Velocity Impact Modeling in Materials Science: A Multiscale Perspective.- Interface Engineering.

Read more less