Engineering applications of polymers and composites Books

Book SynopsisThe book introduces the reader to the concepts of Scientific Molding and Scientific Processing for Injection Molding, geared towards developing a robust, repeatable, and reproducible (3Rs) molding process.The effects of polymer morphology, thermal transitions, drying, and rheology on the injection molding process are explained in detail. The development of a robust molding process is broken down into two sections and is described as the Cosmetic Process and the Dimensional Process. Scientific molding procedures to establish a 3R process are provided.The concept of Design of Experiments (DOEs) for and in injection molding is explained, providing an insight into the cosmetic and dimensional process windows. A plan to release qualified molds into production with troubleshooting tips is also provided. Topics that impact a robust process such as the use of regrind, mold cooling, and venting are also described.Readers will be able to utilize the knowledge gained from the book in their day-to-day operations immediately.The second edition includes a completely new chapter on Quality Concepts, as well as much additional material throughout the book, covering fountain flow, factors affecting post mold shrinkage, and factor selections for DOEs. There are also further explanations on several topics, such as in-mold rheology curves, cavity imbalances, intensification ratios, gate seal studies, holding time optimization of hot runner molds, valve gated molds, and parts with large gates. A troubleshooting guide for common molded defects is also provided.With the purchase of this book, you also receive a free personal access code to download the eBook.

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Book SynopsisDr. Joel R. Fried is professor and chair of the department of chemical and biomedical engineering at Florida State University. Previously, he was professor and the Wright Brothers Endowed Chair in Nanomaterials at the University of Dayton. He is also professor emeritus of chemical engineering and fellow of the graduate school at the University of Cincinnati, where he directed the Polymer Research Center and led the department of chemical engineering. He holds B.S. degrees in biology and chemical engineering, and an M.E. degree in chemical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He also holds M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in polymer science and engineering from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.  Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to Polymer Science Chapter 2: Polymer Synthesis Chapter 3: Conformation, Solutions, and Molecular Weight Chapter 4: Solid-State Properties Chapter 5: Viscoelasticity and Rubber Elasticity Chapter 6: Polymer Degradation and the Environment Chapter 7: Additives, Blends, Block Copolymers, and Composites Chapter 8: Biopolymers, Natural Polymers, and Fibers Chapter 9: Thermoplastics, Elastomers, and Thermosets Chapter 10: Engineering and Specialty Polymers Chapter 11: Polymer Processing and Rheology Chapter 12: Polymers for Advanced Technologies Chapter 13: Correlations and Simulations in Polymer Science Appendix A: Polymer Abbreviations Appendix B Representative Properties of Some Important Commercial Polymers Appendix C ASTM Standards for Plastics and Rubber Appendix D SI Units and Physical Constants Appendix E Mathematical Relationships Appendix F The Major Elements

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Book SynopsisPresents the latest strategies in the development and use of composite materials for large structures and the effects of defects Practical Design and Validation of Composites Structures: Effects of Defects offers an important guide to the use of fiber-reinforced composites and how they affect the durability and safety of engineering structures such as aircraft, ships, bridges, wind turbines as well as sporting equipment. The text draws on the authors' direct experience in industry and academia to cover the most recent strategies in the development of composite structures and uniquely integrates the assessment of the effects of defects introduced during production. This comprehensive resource builds on an essential introduction to the characteristics of composites and the most common types of defects encountered in production. The authors review the recent manufacturing methods and technologies used for inspecting composite structures and the design issuesTable of ContentsPreface xi 1 Characteristics of Composites 1 1.1 Introduction to Behavior 1 1.2 Introduction to Composite Analysis 3 1.3 Failure and Strength Methodologies 5 1.3.1 Lamina Failure Modes and their Influence upon Catastrophic Failure of Multidirectional Laminates 5 1.3.2 Design Values and Environmental Sensitivity 8 1.3.3 Design Values for Unnotched Multidirectional Laminates 11 1.3.4 Design Values for Notched Multidirectional Laminates 12 1.3.5 Material Variability 14 1.3.6 Strain-Based Failure Methodology 15 1.3.7 Composite Fatigue Behavior 15 References 16 2 DesignMethodology and Regulatory Requirements 19 2.1 Regulatory Requirements 19 2.2 Material and Process Specifications 22 2.3 Design Methodology 23 2.4 Design Values for Notched Multidirectional Laminates 24 2.5 Design Values for Bolted Joints 28 2.5.1 Determination of Fastener Loading 29 2.5.2 Failure Analysis at a Loaded and Unloaded Hole 29 2.6 Design Values for Bonded Joints and Bondlines 33 2.7 Design Values for Sandwich Structure 36 2.7.1 Facesheet Tension Design Values 36 2.7.2 Facesheet Compression Design Values 36 2.7.3 Sandwich Flexural Design Values 37 2.7.4 Out-of-Plane Loading 37 2.8 Statistical Allowables 37 2.9 Simulation of Temperature and Moisture Content 39 References 40 3 Material, Manufacturing, and Service Defects 43 3.1 Introduction 43 3.1.1 Differentiating Cosmetic from Structural Defects 46 3.2 Defects by Stage of Occurrence 46 3.2.1 Material Precure Defects 46 3.2.1.1 Fiber Damage and Defects 50 3.2.2 Manufacturing Defects 51 3.2.3 Service Defects 54 3.3 Defects by Location: Matrix-Dominated Defects 60 3.3.1 Matrix Degradation Due to Porosity and Voids 60 3.3.2 Matrix Degradation Due to Aged Material 63 3.3.3 Matrix Degradation Due to Errors in Curing (Pressure and Temperature) 64 3.3.4 Matrix Damage with No Fiber Breakage from Impact 67 3.3.5 Matrix Cracking and Crazing 67 3.3.6 Matrix Degradation Due to Anomalous Moisture Absorption 68 3.3.7 Matrix Degradation Due to UV Radiation or Surface Contamination 69 3.3.8 Matrix Degradation Due to High Temperature Exposure 70 3.3.9 Blisters 72 3.3.10 Matrix Degradation Due to Resin Mixture Error 73 3.4 Defects by Location: Fiber-Dominated Process Defects 73 3.4.1 Fiber Misalignment orWrinkles 73 3.4.1.1 In-PlaneWaviness 73 3.4.1.2 Out-of-PlaneWaviness 74 3.4.2 Excessive Ply Drops and Gaps 76 3.4.3 Fiber Damage 78 3.5 Defects by Location: Sandwich Composite Defects 78 3.5.1 Core Defect: Over-Expanded or Blown Core 79 3.5.2 Core Defect: Core Crushing or Movement 79 3.5.3 Core Defect: Core-Splice Spacing Exceeding Limits 80 3.5.4 Core Defect: Incorrect or Variable CoreThickness 80 3.5.5 Core Defect: Core Degradation Due to Core Defect –Water Entrapment in Core 81 3.5.6 Core Defect: Incorrect Core Density 81 3.5.7 Core Defect: Misaligned Nodes or Unbonded Nodes in Core Cell 81 3.5.8 Core Defect: Mismatched Nodes or Corrugations 82 3.5.9 Core Defect: Corrosion 82 3.5.10 Facesheet Defect: Pillowing,Wrinkling, or Orange Peel 82 3.5.11 Facesheet Defect: Dents in Facesheet 83 3.5.12 Facesheet/Core Disbond 83 3.5.13 Defects in Adhesive Fillets 84 3.5.14 Edge-Closeout Defects 84 3.6 Defects by Location: Mixed-Mode Fiber and Matrix Defects 86 3.6.1 Impact Damage with Fiber Breakage 86 3.6.2 Bearing Damage 87 3.6.3 Edge Cracking and Crushing 88 3.6.4 Cuts, Scratches, and Gouges 89 3.6.5 Composite Damage from Lightning Strikes 89 3.6.6 Misdrilled Holes 90 3.6.7 Mismatched Parts 90 3.6.8 Incorrect Fiber Orientation or Missing Plies 91 3.6.9 Galvanic Corrosion 91 3.6.10 Resin Migration and Uneven Fiber Volume Fraction 92 3.6.11 Residual Stresses and Dimensional Conformance 94 3.6.12 Delaminations 96 3.6.13 Composite Degradation Due to Excessive Temperature and Chemical Exposure 98 3.6.13.1 Fibers 98 3.6.13.2 Matrix 98 3.7 Defects by Location: Fastened and Bonded Joint Defects 98 3.7.1 Fastened Joints 98 3.7.1.1 Bearing Damage 99 3.7.1.2 Hole Delamination/Fraying 99 3.7.1.3 Hole Elongation or Out-of-Round Holes 99 3.7.1.4 Fastener Seating 99 3.7.1.5 Fastener Over-Torque 99 3.7.1.6 Fastener Under-Torque 100 3.7.1.7 Missing Fastener 100 3.7.1.8 Porosity Near the Fastener 100 3.7.1.9 Resin-Starved Bearing Surface 100 3.7.1.10 Insufficient Edge Margins 100 3.7.1.11 Tilted Hole 100 3.7.2 Bonded Joints 100 3.7.2.1 Poor Cure Due to Improper Material Chemistry: Mixing of Two-Part Resins or Material Past Shelf- or Out Life 103 3.7.2.2 Incorrect Bondline Thickness, Scarf, or Overlap Length 103 3.7.2.3 Zero-Volume Disbond or Long-Term Bond Failure Due to Contamination or Incorrect Surface Preparation 103 3.7.2.4 Bondline Degradation Due to Moisture or Incorrect Pressure During Processing 103 3.7.2.5 Bondline Degradation Due to Incorrect Heating Procedures 104 3.8 Future Directions 104 References 104 4 InspectionMethods 111 4.1 Introduction 111 4.2 Mechanical Vibration NDT Methods 117 4.2.1 Low Frequency Methods 117 4.2.1.1 Tap Testing 117 4.2.1.2 Mechanical Impedance 117 4.2.1.3 Membrane Resonance 118 4.2.2 High Frequency Ultrasonic Methods 118 4.2.2.1 Pulse Echo andThru-Transmission 118 4.2.2.2 Pulse Echo Ultrasonics 119 4.2.2.3 Through-Transmission Ultrasonics 119 4.2.2.4 Phased Array Ultrasonics 120 4.2.2.5 Ultrasonic Spectroscopy for Zero-Volume Disbonds 120 4.2.2.6 Ultrasonic Methods for Fiber Distortion 120 4.2.2.7 Guided LambWaves 122 4.2.2.8 Air-Coupled Ultrasonics 122 4.2.3 Acoustic Emission 123 4.3 Visual and Enhanced Visual Methods 125 4.3.1 Visual Inspections 125 4.3.2 Verification or Pressure Film 125 4.3.3 Leak Testing 126 4.4 Electromagnetic Radiation (X-Ray, Gamma, and Neutron) 126 4.4.1 Radiography 126 4.4.2 Computed Tomography 127 4.4.3 Compton Scattering 130 4.4.4 Neutron Tomography 131 4.5 Optical Methods 131 4.5.1 Shearography 131 4.5.2 Digital Image Correlation (DIC) 133 4.5.3 Hyperspectral Near Infrared Method for Resin Migration and Fiber Distortion 135 4.5.4 Laser Profilometers and Image Processing 136 4.6 Strain Measurement 137 4.7 Thermography 138 4.7.1 ActiveThermography 139 4.7.1.1 Thermoelastic Stress Analysis 139 4.7.2 Passive Thermography 139 4.8 Destructive Methods 142 4.8.1 Physical Tests 142 4.8.2 Density and Porosity Measurements 144 4.8.3 Microscopy 145 4.9 NDT Standards 147 References 147 5 Effects of Defects – Design Values and Statistical Considerations 159 5.1 Introduction 159 5.2 Effects on Laminate Properties 162 5.2.1 Cure Cycle Anomalies 162 5.2.1.1 Porosity 162 5.2.1.2 Nonuniformly Distributed Voids (Stratified Porosity) 163 5.2.1.3 Stratified Porosity or Delamination in L-Shaped Details 163 5.2.1.4 In-Plane Fiber Misalignment 164 5.2.1.5 FiberWaviness (Out-of-Plane) 164 5.2.1.6 Waviness in Curved Parts 168 5.2.1.7 Ply Gaps and Overlaps 170 5.2.2 Cuts, Scratches, and Gouges 171 5.2.3 Edge Delaminations 172 5.2.4 Foreign Object Impact 172 5.3 Effects on Sandwich Composites Properties 174 5.3.1 Facesheet to Core Disbonding 174 5.3.2 Facesheet Pillowing 175 5.3.3 Node Disbonds 176 5.3.4 Core Splicing 176 5.4 Effects on Bolted Joint Properties 179 5.4.1 Delaminations at the Holes 180 5.4.2 Oversize Holes 182 5.4.3 Over-Torqued Fasteners 182 5.4.4 Porosity Near Fasteners 184 5.5 Effects on Bonded Joint Properties 184 5.5.1 Assessment of Defects in Design of Bonded Joints 185 5.6 Statistical Considerations 185 5.6.1 Mean versus Design Values 189 5.6.2 Simpson’s Paradox 189 5.6.3 Design of Experiments 189 5.7 Suggested Approach for Evaluation of Defects 191 5.8 Evaluation of Scaling and Multiple Defects 192 References 194 6 Selected Case Studies in Effects of Defects 201 6.1 Introduction 201 6.2 Case Study 1: The Ohio Timber Road IIWind Turbine Failure Due to Wrinkles 201 6.2.1 Event 201 6.2.2 Background 201 6.2.3 Investigation 202 6.2.4 Lessons Learned 202 6.3 Case Study 2: Faulty Repairs of Sandwich Core Structure 203 6.3.1 Event 203 6.3.2 Lessons Learned 203 6.4 Case Study 3: Bonded Repair Failure 205 6.4.1 Event 205 6.4.2 Investigation 205 6.4.3 Lessons Learned 205 6.5 Case Study 4: Air Transat 961 Sandwich-Composite Failure 206 6.5.1 Event 206 6.5.2 Investigation 206 6.5.3 Lessons Learned 207 6.6 Case Study 5: Debonding Failure of a Sandwich-Composite Cryogenic Fuel Tank 208 6.6.1 Event 208 6.6.2 Investigation 208 6.6.3 Lessons Learned 208 References 209 Glossary 211 Index 215

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Book SynopsisExplore the cutting-edge in self-healing polymers and composites In Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Self-Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites, a pair of distinguished materials scientists delivers an insightful and up-to-date exploration of the fundamentals, theory, design, fabrication, characterization, and application of self-healing polymers and polymer composites. The book discusses how to prepare self-healing polymeric materials, how to increase the speed of crack repair, high temperature applications, and how to broaden the spectrum of healing agent species. The authors emphasize the integration of existing techniques with novel synthetic approaches for target-oriented materials design and fabrication. They provide a comprehensive view of this emerging field, allowing new researchers to gather a firm understanding of the framework for creating new materials or applications. Additionally, the book includes: A thorough introduction to the fieTable of ContentsPreface Chapter 1 Basics of self-healing – state of the art 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Adhesive bonding for healing thermosetting materials 1.1.2 Fusion bonding for healing thermoplastic materials 1.1.3 Bioinspired self-healing 1.2 Intrinsic self-healing 1.2.1 Self-healing based on physical interactions 1.2.2 Self-healing based on chemical interactions 1.2.3 Self-healing based on supramolecular interactions 1.3 Extrinsic self-healing 1.3.1 Self-healing in terms of healant loaded pipelines 1.3.2 Self-healing in terms of healant loaded microcapsules 1.4 Insights for future work 1.5 References Chapter 2 Extrinsic self-healing via addition polymerization 2.1 Design and selection of healing system 2.2 Microencapsulation of mercaptan and epoxy by in-situ polymerization 2.2.1 Microencapsulation of mercaptan 2.2.2 Microencapsulation of epoxy 2.3 Filling polymeric tubes with mercaptan and epoxy 2.4 Characterization of self-healing functionality 2.4.1 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded dual encapsulated healant – healing of crack due to monotonic fracture 2.4.2 Factors related to performance improvement 2.4.3 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded dual encapsulated healant – healing of fatigue crack 2.4.4 Self-healing epoxy/glass fabric composites with embedded dual encapsulated healant – healing of impact damage 2.4.5 Self-healing epoxy/glass fabric composites with self-pressurized healing system 2.5 Concluding remarks 2.6 References Chapter 3 Extrinsic self-healing via cationic polymerization 3.1 Thermosetting 3.1.1 Microencapsulation of epoxy by UV irradiation-induced interfacial copolymerization 3.1.2 Encapsulation of boron-containing curing agent 3.1.2.1 Loading boron-containing curing agent onto porous media 3.1.2.2 Microencapsulation of boron-containing curing agent via hollow capsules approach 3.1.3 Characterization of self-healing functionality 3.1.3.1 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and (C2H5)2O•BF3-loaded sisal 3.1.3.2 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded dual encapsulated healant 3.1.4 Preparation of silica walled microcapsules containing SbF5•HOC2H5/HOC2H5 3.1.5 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and SbF5•HOC2H5/HOC2H5-loaded silica capsules 3.1.6 Preparation of silica walled microcapsules containing TfOH 3.1.7 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and TfOH-loaded silica capsules 3.2 Thermoplastics 3.2.1 Preparation of IBH/GMA-loaded microcapsules 3.2.2 Self-healing PS composites filled with IBH/GMA-loaded microcapsules and NaBH4 particles 3.3 Concluding remarks 3.4 References Chapter 4 Extrinsic self-healing via anionic polymerization 4.1 Preparation of epoxy-loaded microcapsules and latent hardener 4.1.1 Microencapsulation of epoxy by in-situ condensation 4.1.2 Preparation of imidazole latent hardener 4.2 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and latent hardener 4.3 Self-healing epoxy/woven glass fabric composites with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and latent hardener – healing of interlaminar failure 4.4 Durability of healing ability 4.5 Self-healing epoxy/woven glass fabric composites with embedded epoxy-loaded microcapsules and latent hardener – healing of impact damage 4.6 Concluding remarks 4.7 References Chapter 5 Extrinsic self-healing via miscellaneous reactions 5.1 Extrinsic self-healing via nucleophilic addition and ring-opening reactions 5.1.1 Microencapsulation of GMA by in-situ polymerization 5.1.2 Self-healing epoxy materials with embedded single-component healant 5.2 Extrinsic self-healing via living polymerization 5.2.1 Preparation of living PMMA and its composites with GMA-loaded microcapsules 5.2.2 Self-healing performance of living PMMA composites filled with GMA-loaded microcapsules 5.2.3 Preparation of GMA-loaded multilayered microcapsules and their PS based composites 5.2.4 Self-healing performance of PS composites filled with GMA-loaded multilayered microcapsules 5.3 Extrinsic self-healing via free radical polymerization 5.3.1 Microencapsulation of styrene and BPO 5.3.2 Self-healing performance of epoxy composites filled with the dual capsules 5.4 Concluding remarks 5.5 References Chapter 6 Intrinsic self-healing via Diels-Alder reaction 6.1 Molecular design and synthesis 6.1.1 Synthesis and characterization of DGFA 6.1.2 Reversibility of DA bonds and crack remendability of DGFA based polymer 6.1.3 Synthesis and characterization of FGE 6.1.4 Reversibility of DA bonds and crack remendability of FGE based polymer 6.2 Blends of DGFA and FGE 6.2.1 Reversibility of DA bonds 6.2.2 Crack remendability of cured DGFA/FGE blends 6.3 Concluding remarks 6.4 References Chapter 7 Intrinsic self-healing via synchronous fission/radical recombination of C-ON bond 7.1 Thermal reversibility of alkoxyamine in polymer solids 7.2 Self-healing crosslinked polystyrene 7.2.1 Synthesis 7.2.2 Characterization 7.3 Self-healing epoxy 7.3.1 Synthesis 7.3.2 Characterization 7.4 Self-healing polymers containing alkoxyamine with oxygen insensitivity and reduced homolysis temperature 7.4.1 Synthesis 7.4.2 Characterization 7.5 Reversible shape memory polyurethane network with intrinsic self-healability of wider crack 7.5.1 Synthesis 7.5.2 Characterization 7.6 Concluding remarks 7.7 References Chapter 8 Intrinsic self-healing via exchange reaction of disulfide bond 8.1 Room-temperature self-healable and remoldable crosslinked polysulfide 8.2 Sunlight driven self-healing polymers containing disulfide bond 8.2.1 Crosslinked polyurethane 8.2.1.1 Bulk polymer 8.2.1.2 Composites with silver nanowires as strain sensor 8.2.2 Commercial silicone elastomer 8.3 Self-healing and reclaiming of vulcanized rubber 8.4 Concluding remarks 8.5 References

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Book SynopsisThe book provides an extensive coverage of conjugated polymer based nano-composite coatings with advanced anti-corrosive properties. The book gives detailed explanation of corrosion testing methods and techniques to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the coatings. It includes elaborate discussion on classification of corrosion, electrochemistry of corrosion process, theories explaining the mechanism of corrosion and various corrosion testing standards. Electrochemical studies like open circuit potential (OCP) variation with time, potentiodynamic polarization, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and accelerated corrosion testing are highlighted as important tools to extract information about the behavior of coatings under corrosive conditions. The book discusses epoxy-conjugated polymer based novel composite coating formulations, including aniline and o-toluidine, o-anisidine, phenetidine and pentafluoroaniline with appropriate fillers like SiO2, flyash, ZrOTable of ContentsIntroduction to Corrosion. Conducting Polymers. Poly(Aniline-co-Pentafluoroaniline)/SiO2 Composite Based Anticorrosive Coating. Poly(Aniline-co-Pentafluoroaniline)/ZrO2 Nanocomposite Based Anticorrosive Coating. Polypyrrole-Based Composite Coatings. Polypyrrole/Biopolymer Hybrid Coatings. Future Scope and Directions.

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Book SynopsisSustainable Packaging Materials provides a concise introduction to the principles and practices of packaging sustainability. It addresses the important issues that concern packaging professionals, decision makers, managers, CTOs, legislators, researchers, and students, including the viability and future of recycling, bio- and oxo-degradable materials, and plastics alternatives such as paper, glass, and metal. Also covered are new regulations such as the extended producer responsibility (EPR) laws, their consequences as to what materials are likely to be banned, and whether microplastics should be a concern for packaging companies.Written by an experienced professor, educator, author, inventor, and entrepreneur, this book offers uniquely clear answers to these challenges, helping readers to identify packaging materials that are likely to be phased out to meet new regulations, and to find alternatives to benefit their research and businesses. They will also be equipped to follow guidelines on the use of various packaging materials to stay ahead of the demands of the industry, and to make informed choices about packaging materials by considering sustainability, performance, and cost. Furthermore, they will be informed of the emerging packaging trends in both academia and industry, and understand the issues associated with microplastic pollution, and the actions recommended to mitigate these challenges.

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Book SynopsisThis easy-to-understand guide provides the necessary information to implement a scientific molding program. It is a hands-on reference for people on the molding floor, including those previously lacking theoretical background or formal education.The book covers how the injection molding machine prepares the plastic and understanding of plastic flow. The functions of the main machine components are explained and understanding of correct procedures and testing is developed. Each step of the process is clearly explained in a step-by-step manner, and simple examples of important calculations are provided. The practical approach is augmented by useful guides for troubleshooting and machine set-up. An Excel spreadsheet with a process test and a machine performance test is available as bonus material. The 2nd edition has various updates, improvements, and corrections throughout.Table of Contents 1. Injection Unit: Screw 2. Injection Unit: Barrel 3. Clamping Unit 4. Ejectors/Controllers, Human Machine Interface (HMI) 5. Machine Performance Testing 6. Process Development Test 7. Plastic Temperature 8. Plastic Flow 9. Plastic Pressure (Pack/Hold) 10. Cooling 11. Benchmarking the Injection Molding Process 12. Process Troubleshooting 13. What is Important on a Set-Up Sheet? 14. Commonly Used Conversion Factors and Formulas 15. Machine Set-Up 16. Things That Hurt the Bottom Line of a Company 17. Terms and Definitions

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Book SynopsisThe first book to shed light on the critical role the melt delivery system plays in successful injection molding has received a major update in its 3rd edition. This successful book will give you an immediate leg up by reducing mold commissioning times, increasing productivity, improving customer satisfaction, and achieving quality goals such as Six Sigma.How do you determine the optimum design of your runners and gates; what type of runner system (hot or cold variations) do you use for a specific application; how do you identify molding problems generated by the gate and runner vs. those stemming from other molding issues; what should you consider when selecting a gating location? The “Runner and Gate Design Handbook” will give you the means to get to the bottom of these issues as well as provide specific guidelines for process optimization and troubleshooting.Highlights among the numerous new updates include coverage and analyses of critical shear induced melt variations that are developed in the runners of all injection molds, expanded content on hot runners, and a new subchapter on injection molding process development.

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Book SynopsisThe ‘system level’ knowledge and design skills needed to create good snap-fit interfaces existed in the minds of self-taught snap-fit experts but was not captured in the literature.New designers of plastic parts wishing to use snap-fit had nowhere to turn unless they were fortunate enough to have access to an experienced snap-fit designer. This book organizes and presents all design aspects of snap-fits with an emphasis on the systems level thinking required to create world-class attachments. Beginning, as well as experienced, product designers will find the information they need to develop snap-fits more efficiently and avoid many common snap-fit problems.The third edition has been thoroughly revised to include new case histories and applications. The text has been extensively rewritten for clarity and user-friendliness and there are many new figures with expert explanations.With the purchase of this book, you also receive a free personal access code to download the eBook.

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Book SynopsisRecent advances in polymer science have made it possible to relate quantitatively molecular structure to rheological behavior. At the same time, new methods of synthesis and characterization allow the preparation and structural verification of samples having a range of branched polymeric structures. This book unites this knowledge to enable production of polymers with prescribed processability and end-product properties.Methods of polymer synthesis and characterization are described, starting from fundamentals. The foundations of linear viscoelasticity are introduced, and then the linear behavior of entangled polymers is described in detail. This is followed by a discussion of the molecular modeling of linear behavior. Tube models for both linear and branched polymers are presented. The final two chapters deal with nonlinear rheological behavior and tube models to describe nonlinearity.In this second edition, each chapter has been significantly rewritten to account for recent advances in experimental methods and theoretical modeling. It includes new and updated material on developments in polymer synthesis and characterization, computational algorithms for linear and nonlinear rheology prediction, measurement of nonlinear viscoelasticity, entanglement detection algorithms in molecular dynamics, nonlinear constitutive equations, and instabilities.Table of Contents Introduction Structure of Polymers Polymerization Reactions and Processes Linear Viscoelasticity--Fundamentals Linear Viscoelasticity--Behavior of Molten Polymers Tube Models for Linear Polymers--Fundamentals Tube Models for Linear Polymers--Advanced Topics Determination of Molecular Weight Distribution Using Rheology Tube Models for Branched Polymers Nonlinear Viscoelasticity Tube Models for Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of Linear and Branched Polymers

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Book SynopsisPractical Rubber Rheology and Dynamic Properties provides a unique overview of rubber rheology from a practical perspective. Written by expert authors with many years of experience in the rubber industry, it focuses on applications of rubber rheology testing to solving industrial problems, rubber compound development, predicting changes in processability in the plant, quality assurance, and research and development. However, basic principles are also covered.Aimed at practitioners in the rubber industry, this book promotes understanding of the material to support efficient production of the high-quality rubber products demanded in today's market. It is also suitable for students and their instructors on rubber courses taught in universities.

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Book SynopsisThe intent of all technological advancements in the machining universe is to increase productivity and precision with less involvement of the endangered species known as the Machinist. Connectivity, data, and digitization are providing opportunities for significant improvements in modeling, programming, simulation, machine/people productivity, and real-time decision making. Advances in chip technology and processing speeds yield more sophisticated controls. Software enhancements create advanced CAM systems which interpret more complex models and produce higher precision programs.This book demonstrates how to integrate these technological advancements with Lean /Six Sigma, CNC Programming, Quality, and machining best practices to create an agile machining organization capable of winning against competition anywhere in the world.While most publications are written for executives the author has deliberately designed this publication for the entire organization. The role of everyone on the organizational chart or in the shop is discussed and reviewed. The premise of the book is that the demands of global competition on the modern machining organization are so great that success requires a foundation of Leadership, People, Equipment, Quality, IT, robust processes, and all employees executing to yield exceptional quality, delivery, and profits. The author provides the architecture and blueprint for high performance.With the purchase of this book, you also receive a free personal access code to download the eBook.

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Book SynopsisDie Design for Extrusion of Plastic Tubes and Pipes covers this topic from a uniquely practical perspective. The content draws on the author's over 50 years of experience in the plastics processing industry, most recently as head of the successful extrusion die manufacturing company he established in 1995. His approach is oriented toward solving production problems at the design stage using computer aided techniques for design and simulation of the plastic flow.The book provides a step-by-step guide to extrusion die design, with worked examples to illustrate problem solving. It is shown how important melt flow variables (e.g., pressure drop, shear stress, shear rate, temperature variations, and distribution variations, etc.) of key materials are determined using FEM software. The detailed drawings of complete dies for various applications that are provided constitute a rare and valuable resource. Both mono- and multilayer pipes are covered.Using the proven methods and examples from this book, the reader is well-equipped to understand dies for successful manufacture of tubes and pipes of many types.With the purchase of this book, you also receive a free personal access code to download the eBook.Table of Contents Basic Considerations Project Planning Design of a Simple Die Simulation of Melt Flow Spiral Die Monolayer Die for Tubes 1 mm t6 mm Monolayer Die for Tubes 4 mm t16 mm Monolayer Die for Pipes 50 mm t125 mm Monolayer Die for Pipes 140 mm t315 mm Coextrusion Pipe Dies Coextrusion Die (5 mm t16 mm) Coextrusion Three-Layer Die (20 mm t65 mm) Three-Layer-Plus-Striping Die for 25 mm t110 mm Pipes Materials for Extrusion Dies.

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Book SynopsisDiscontinuous long fiber-reinforced polymer structures with local continuous fiber reinforcements represent an important class of lightweight materials with broad design possibilities and various technical applications, eg, in vehicle construction. However, in contrast to continuous fiber-reinforced composites, extensively used in the aircraft industry, there is still a lack of integrated and experimentally proven concepts for manufacture, modeling, and dimensioning of combinations of discontinuously and continuously reinforced polymer structures. This is partly ascribed to the complexity of the manufacturing processes of discontinuously reinforced polymers, heterogeneous, anisotropic, and nonlinear material and structural properties, but also to the resulting bonding problem of both material types.This book addresses these issues, including both continuous and discontinuous fiber processing strategies. Specific design strategies for advanced composite reinforcement are provided with an integrated and holistic approach for composites material selection, product design, and mechanical properties. Characterization, simulation, technology, design, future research, and implementation directions are also included.In the field of application of three-dimensional load-bearing structures, this book provides an excellent foundation for the enhancement of scientific methods and engineers who need an interdisciplinary understanding of process and materials techniques, as well as simulation and product development methods.

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Book SynopsisSpecialty thermoplastics command a US$3 billion market worldwide. Their use is proliferating in aerospace and transportation, medical applications including implants, electrical and electronics, textiles and general engineering, and the oil and gas industries. This book provides the key details of all specialty thermoplastics in one volume, uncluttered by information on other commodity and engineering plastics. It covers the spectrum of manufacturing methods, major properties, processing, and applications.The extraordinary resistance of specialty thermoplastics to high temperature, oxidation, hydrolysis, other chemicals, and radiation, as well as outstanding mechanical properties at temperatures from -40 to 300 °C make them attractive materials for challenging applications. R&D scientists will appreciate the coverage here of different polymer structures for specialty plastics and why certain structures are technically and commercially preferred. Plastics engineers and product design engineers are empowered to select the right plastic in the right grade for the desired applications.Guidance on processing of specialty plastics using injection and compression molding, extrusion, and coating is provided, together with a wealth of details regarding applications, including aspects that are not readily visible, such as touch and feel.In addition to users in industry and academic research, this work is also applicable as a textbook for special courses on polymer science and engineering for graduate and undergraduate students.

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding of polymer interactions is important for effective processing of plastics and their blends, mixing with nanoparticles, and understanding of their mechanical and physical (e.g., electrical) properties. This book describes a new physics of interactions in polymers that challenges existing theories, and explains the concept of entanglement in a very different way.Rheology is formulated with different parameters defi ning the physics of dual-phase and cross-dual-phase. The rubbery behavior of thermoplastics is explained quite differently to conventional theory.Rheo-fluidification experiments which are applicable to industry (injection molding, extrusion, sheet forming, etc.) are described and analyzed, including molding under conditions of reduced viscosity (up to several hundred percent). The application of this theory to industry has already been proven by a number of successful derived inventions.

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Book SynopsisThis is an introductory textbook on polymer science aimed at lecturers/professors, undergraduate and graduate students of polymer science and technology courses as well as engineering (materials, chemical, civil, food, etc.), chemistry, and physics. It is also aimed at engineers and technologists.Each chapter is written starting from simple concepts and progressively getting more complex towards its end, to help the reader decide how deep to go into each topic. Each chapter also presents the solution of many proposed problems, guiding the reader to solve numerically the everyday problems polymer technologists face, by applying theoretical concepts. Additionally, at every chapter’s end there is a list of problems for the reader to check his/her understanding of the topics.The book contains a list of more than 10 experiments to perform in the laboratory, linked to some of the concepts discussed in the book. It also serves as a long-term reference with many figures, diagrams, tables, chemical equations containing frequently needed information. It contains as well an appendix with a long list of chemical structures of the main commercially available polymers.

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Book SynopsisThis introductory book covers the entire spectrum of the plastics technology/engineering, from raw material to finished plastic products. It is intended not just for university/college students in plastics technology and other engineering disciplines but also for beginners to the field in general.The interconnectivity between the different relevant knowledge areas of plastics technology, such as materials engineering, processing technology, and product development, is emphasized. A chapter “Plastics and the Environment” is also included, covering a topic (rightly) often of great concern to students and newcomers to the field.Also includes numerous videos, conveniently linked via QR codes, to better demonstrate key processes visually.

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Book SynopsisReliable and meaningful methods of polymer testing are necessary to support the plastics industry, being essential for understanding material and part properties, and evaluating materials for a part design, with important implications for product safety as well as operating conditions and lifetime. This book covers all the most important testing methods, from long-established basic techniques to recent developments, including the latest polymer testing standards. By means of examples for the optimization of materials as well as for the evaluation of part properties, an insight into modern polymer testing and its interdisciplinary character is provided. Included in this third edition is an all-new chapter on the testing of polymer films; additionally, many small updates and corrections have been made throughout the book. Numerous tables and figures are included, providing structures and physico-chemical data. A special section for beginners is dedicated to guiding formulations and test methods. A relatively short section deals with development trends in Europe. Sustainability is a major theme, and it is demonstrated that PVC has a strong potential to develop into a fully sustainable material. Another section deals with the everyday problems in the processing of PVC, such as the formation of specks, photo-effects, and plate-out. Plate-out is a common problem in the processing of PVC but only relatively few publications cover it. The causes, influencing factors, and mechanisms are still poorly understood. This section, unique in the literature, provides assistance in the selection and dosage of raw materials to PVC processor, based on the influencing factors during processing.

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Book SynopsisMeasurement uncertainty is an important component of modern materials analysis: it indicates the boundaries within which the test results can be trusted. Such results are necessary for understanding of, for example, material and product tolerances and lifetimes, vital for plastic product reliability and safety.Determination of measurement uncertainty is normally quite laborious, but this book shows how the available interlaboratory test data for plastics can be used to calculate measurement uncertainty much more simply. It contains many interlaboratory test results in the fields of thermoanalysis, molar mass determination, and quantitative analysis of the composition of material, presented in tables and graphical charts, discussed in the text, and elaborated by practical examples.In addition to the evaluation by means of the presented data (top-down approach), the relationship to the bottom-up approach specified in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) is explained based on an example. Further sections deal with sampling, and the issue of whether or not the difference between analytical results is significant.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a necessary bridge between the values of engineering end-use parameters of polyethylene resins and their scientific molecular and structural characteristics. The main goal is to translate such common parameters, such as the melt index of a resin or the dart impact strength of a film sample, into the universal language of polymer science. After this translation is completed, many facets of the resin properties become transparent and easily explainable.The second edition is brought up to date with coverage of new types of catalysts and polymerization processes, and a new section on PE recycling. The chapter on melt indexes is modified and simplified, that on stress cracking has a significant update, and a new chapter on the nature of LLDPE extractables is added. Contents: Educational Minimum: Manufacture, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Resins Melt Index and Melt Flow Ratio of Polyethylene Resin Melting Point of Polyethylene Resin Crystallinity Degree and Density of Polyethylene Resins End-Use Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Film End-Use Testing of High Molecular Weight HDPE and MDPE Resins Nature of LLDPE Extractables

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Book SynopsisThis highly practical troubleshooting guide solves problems at the machine systematically and quickly. Drawing on a wealth of hands-on experience from the authors, who have built strong reputations in the field, the book is structured by type of problem/solution. Thus, it is an ideal reference to be consulted at the machine. Included is valuable information on robust process windows, cycle time evaluations, scrap savings, and runners/gates with no existing standard in the industry. No other book provides the unique insights found here.

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Book SynopsisPlastics production comprises the main process steps ""synthesis (reaction)"", ""preparation/compounding"" at the raw material manufacturer and compounder, and ""processing"" (shaping into semi-finished or finished products). In this handbook, the central middle step, preparation and compounding, is discussed. The preparation tasks include the removal of components, the incorporation of additives, and the change of particle size. Compounding is the incorporation of additives into a polymer or plastic. The process engineering fundamentals and the specific equipment and machines used are described. The specialist authors impart their knowledge from the fields of research, polymer production, and equipment/machine production with applications in plastics technology.

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Book SynopsisThis book shows the true and often-underestimated market potential of plastics recycling, with analysis from economic, ecological, and technical perspectives. It is aimed at both technical and non-technical readers, including decision makers in material suppliers, plastic product manufacturers, governmental agencies, educators, and anyone with a general interest in plastics recycling.An overview of waste handling systems with a focus on the U.S. market is provided. Different methods of waste handling are compared from both economic and ecological perspectives.Since plastic waste recycling is essential from an ecological point of view, common strategies and new approaches to both increase the recycling rate and improve recycling economically and technically are presented. This includes processing and material properties of recycled plastics.Finally, a worldwide outlook of plastic recycling is provided with analysis of additional worldwide markets, encompassing highly developed, fast-developing, and less developed countries.Bonus HanserPLUS content: all the data and calculations presented in the book are provided as downloadable spreadsheets for the reader’s own analysis and updates.

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Book SynopsisSuccessful coloration of plastics is a challenging exercise, requiring deep understanding of chemical, physical, and technological factors, as well as national and international regulations. Customer and regulatory demands are often very high, concerning toxicity, environmental factors, color specification/matching, stability, and cost, among others. This book enables the reader to identify the right color preparation for a particular product application, accounting for material and design.

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Book SynopsisPlastics have a very important role to play in energy-efficient and low-carbon technologies of the present and future, but for them to be classified as sustainable materials, there is a great need for practical and economic recycling methods and infrastructure. This book fills the gap for a modern comprehensive technical guide to recycling of plastics, covering the whole value chain from raw materials to recycled materials.All important recycling technologies (mechanical, chemical/feedstock, dissolution) are discussed and compared to each other and alternative disposal methods such as energy recovery and gasification. Collecting, sorting, and purification methods are also covered, as are economic, legal, and political aspects.A strong emphasis is placed on data comparability, e.g. by standardized methods in measuring data. Although this is a challenge to implement, comparing data across technologies, regions, and stakeholders along the value chain yields important benefits. Key instruments for such a target are lifecycle assessments (LCAs), which are calculated in a standard way across the chapters to "calibrate" the messages among the numerous expert co-authors.Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Recycling technologies in overview 3. Value chain (EU, Americas, Asia) 4. Analytics and consumer safety 5. Properties of recycled materials 6. Design for recycling 7. Future developments

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Book SynopsisThis practical introductory guide to injection molding simulation is aimed at both practicing engineers and students. It will help the reader to innovate and improve part design and molding processes, essential for efficient manufacturing.A user-friendly, case-study-based approach is applied, enhanced by many illustrations in full color. The book is conceptually divided into three parts:Chapters 1–5 introduce the fundamentals of injection molding, focusing the factors governing molding quality and how molding simulation methodology is developed. As they are essential to molding quality, the rheological, thermodynamic, thermal, mechanical, kinetic properties of plastics are fully elaborated in this part, as well as curing kinetics for thermoset plastics.Chapters 6–11 introduce CAE verification of design, a valuable tool for both part and mold designers toward avoiding molding problems in the design stage and to solve issues encountered in injection molding. This part covers design guidelines of part, gating, runner, and cooling channel systems. Temperature control in hot runner systems, prediction and control of warpage, and fiber orientation are also discussed.Chapters 12–17 introduce research and development in innovative molding, illustrating how CAE is applied to advanced molding techniques, including co-/bi-Injection molding, gas-/water-assisted injection molding, foam injection molding, powder injection molding, resin transfer molding, and integrated circuit packaging.The authors come from the creative simulation team at CoreTech System (Moldex3D), winner of the PPS James L. White Innovation Award 2015. Several CAE case study exercises for execution in the Moldex3D software are included to allow readers to practice what they have learned and test their understanding.In the 2nd edition, the concept of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in injection molding is introduced. In order to integrate molding simulation and injection machines, the workflow of machine response characterization is illustrated. By taking into account the real-world machine response, users can more accurately reflect the real-world manufacturing conditions in simulations. The optimized processing conditions obtained from the simulation can then be directly applied on the shop floor, bridging the gap between simulation and manufacturing. In addition, a new flow-fiber coupling model, i.e., the informed-isotropic (IISO) viscosity developed by Dr. Favaloro and Prof. Pipes of Purdue University, to simulate the anisotropic flow for fiber-reinforced thermoplastics is introduced. The IISO coupling is available to simulate some peculiar, irregular filling patterns for fiber-reinforced melts at high fiber concentrations: the free surface advances faster along the side cavity walls.

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Book SynopsisFor 30 years, Designing Plastic Parts for Assembly has been the definitive guide for both seasoned part designers and novices to the field, facilitating cost-effective design decisions and ensuring that the plastic parts and products will stand up under use.The detailed yet simplified discussion of material selection, manufacturing techniques, and assembly procedures enables the reader to evaluate plastic materials and design plastic parts with confidence. Good joint design and implementation, the geometry and nature of the component parts, the types of load involved, and other fundamental information necessary for a successful outcome are all included. Throughout, the treatment is practice-oriented and focused on everyday problems and situations.The 10th edition includes an extensive revision of the chapter on welding techniques for plastics, including a new subchapter on hot gas welding. There are also many more minor updates, improvements, and corrections throughout.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsThe Environment of Quality // The Approach to Quality: Concepts and Definitions // History of Quality

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of this popular textbook thoroughly covers the practical basics and applications of conducting polymers. It also addresses materials that have gained prominence since the first edition of this book was published, namely carbon nanotubes and graphene.The features of this new edition include: New and updated chapters on novel concepts in conducting polymers Details on interdisciplinary applications of conducting polymers An in depth description of classes of conducting polymers Trade Review“The second edition of this popular textbook provides a comprehensive overview on the practical basics and applications of conducting polymers. It fulfills its intension of assisting various researchers from diverse fields to become familiar with fundamentals and applications of conducting polymers.” (Ralph Bäßler, Materials and Corrosion, 2018)Table of ContentsPart I: Carbon Nanotubes (CNTS), Fundamentals.- Introducing Carbon Nanotubes (CNTS).- Conduction Models and Electronic Structure of CNTS.- Synthesis, Purification and Chemical Modification of CNTS.- Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of CNTS.- Toxicology of CNTS.- Part II: Carbon Nanotubes (CNTS), Applications.- Brief, General Overview of Applications.- CNT Applications in Specialized Materials.- CNT Applications in Batteries and Energy Devices.- CNT Applications in Sensors and Actuators.- CNT Applications in Drug and Biomolecule Delivery.- CNT Applications in Microelectronics, “Nanoelectronics” and “Nano-bioelectronics”.- CNT Applications in Displays and Transparent, Conductive Films/Substrates.- CNT Applications in Electrical Conductors, “Quantum Nanowires”, Potential Superconductors.- CNT Applications in the Environment and in Materials Used in Separation Science.- Miscellaneous CNT Applications.- Part III: Graphene, Fundamentals.- Introducing Graphene.- Electronic Structure and Conduction Models of Graphene.- Synthesis and Chemical Modification of Graphene.- Part IV: Graphene, Applications.- Brief, General Overview of Applications.- Graphene Applications in Sensors.- Graphene Applications in Batteries and Energy Devices.- Graphene Applications in Electronics, Electrical Conductors, and Related Uses.- Graphene Applications in Displays and Transparent, Conductive Films/Substrates.- Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications of Graphene.- Graphene Applications in Specialized Materials.- Miscellaneous Applications of Graphene.- Part V: Conducting Polymers, Fundamentals.- Introducting Conducting Polymers (CPS).- Conduction Models and Electronic Structure of CPS.- Basic Electrochromics of CPS.- Basic Electrochemistry of CPS.- Syntheses and Processing of CPS.- Structural Aspects and Morphology of CPS.- Characterization Methods.- Classes of CPS: Part 1.- Classes of CPS: Part 2.- Part VI: Conducting Polymers, Applications.- Sensors.- Batteries and Energy Devices.- Electrochromics.- Displays, Including Light Emitting Diodes (LEDS) and Conductive Films.- Microwave- and Conductivity-based Technologies.- Electro-optic and Optical Devices.- Electrochemomechanical, Chemomechanical and Related Devices.- Miscellaneous Applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides understanding of raw materials, manufacturing and biomedical applications of different polymeric and natural composites such as drug delivery, growth factor delivery, orthopedics, dentistry and wound dressing.Table of Contents1 Natural polymers-based biocomposites: State of art, new challenges and opportunities2 Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites: Manufacturing and biomedical applications3 Polymeric biocomposites from renewable and sustainable natural resources4 Soy protein based composites and nanocomposites for biomedical applications5 Processing and biomedical application of micro and nanocellulose based polymeric composites6 Polymer/carbon nanocomposites for biomedical applications7 Magnetic polymer nanocomposites: Manufacturing and biomedical applications8 Jackfruit seed starch-based composite beads for controlled drug release9 Biopolymeric-inorganic composites for drug delivery applications10 Polymeric nanocomposites for cancer targeted drug delivery11 Biopolymer-ceramic nanocomposite scaffolds for orthopaedic drug delivery in bone tissue engineering12 Biodegradable polymer-based composites for tissue regeneration13 Natural polymer-based composite wound dressings14 Natural polymer-based composites for delivery of growth factors15 Biopolymer-based nanocomposites in dentistry

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Book Synopsis This book presents selected peer-reviewed contributions from the 2020 International Conference on “Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications”, PHENMA 2020 (26–29 March 2021, Kitakyushu, Japan), focusing on processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials. The book describes a broad spectrum of promising nanostructures, crystal structures, materials, and composites with unique properties. It presents nanotechnological design approaches, environmental-friendly processing techniques, and physicochemical as well as mechanical studies of advanced materials. The selected contributions describe recent progress in computational materials science methods and algorithms (in particular, finite-element and finite-difference modelling) applied to various technological, mechanical, and physical problems. The presented results are important for ongoing efforts concerning the theory, modelling, and testing of advanced materials. Other results are devoted to promising devices with higher accuracy, increased longevity, and greater potential to work effectively under critical temperatures, high pressure, and in aggressive environments.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisMechanics of Composite, Hybrid, and Multifunctional Materials, Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 3 of the Proceedings of the 2021 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the third volume of four from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including:Recycled Constituent CompositesDamage DetectionAdvanced Imaging of CompositesMultifunctional MaterialsComposite InterfacesTunable CompositesNovel Experimental MethodsExtreme EnvironmentsInterfacial FractureIntegration of Models & ExperimentsMechanics of Energy & Energetic MaterialsIntegration of Models & ExperimentsIn Situ Techniques for Fatigue & FractureMicroscale & Microstructural Effects on Mechanical BehaviorTable of ContentsChapter 1. Effects of Water Saturation and Low Temperature Coupling on the Mechanical Behavior Mechanical Behavior of Carbon and E-Glass Epoxy Laminates.- Chapter 2. Initiation and Propagation Fracture Toughness of AA7475-T7651 under Different Loading Conditions.- Chapter 3. Flow Stress and Fracture Toughness Behavior of AA5083 under Quasi-static Loading.- Chapter 4. Development of Carbon-glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites: Applications in Offshore Wind Turbine Blades.- Chapter 5. Effect of the Graphene Nano Platelets (GnP) on the Mechanical Properties in Recycled PP Based Hybrid Composites.- Chapter 6. Static and Dynamic Behaviour of Recycled AA7075 Based Composites reinforced with ZrO2 - gamma-Al203 Fibre and SiC.- Chapter 7. Recycled “Al431+A1050” based Composites Reinforced with “TiC” Ceramic Powders for Aeronautical Applications.- Chapter 8. Experimental and Finite Element Study of Recycled Aluminium (AA7075) Matrix Composites Reinforced of TiC/MoS2/-Al2O3 Fibre/Nb2Al.- Chapter 9. Tailored Behaviour of Scrap Copper Matrix Composites Reinforced with "Zn-Ni-Al" Low Cost Shape Memory Structures.- Chapter 10. Mechanical Properties of Recycled Rubber modified Epoxy Resin based Composites for Aircraft Auxiliary Structures.- Chapter 11. Manufacturing of Thin Sheet “Ni-Ti” Based Composites Reinforced with Nb2Al/TiB2 through hot-forged Bonding: Sandwich Structures.- Chapter 12. Design of Nb-Aluminium (Nb2Al) Intermetallics based Composites An Experimental and Numerical Approach for Toughening Mechanism.- Chapter 13. Numerical Modeling of Recycled Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Glass Fibers at High Strain Rates.- Chapter 14. Piezoelectric Actuators as Control Surfaces for Morphing Vehicle.- Chapter 15. Alternative Concretes: Study of Concrete Performance with Addition of Copper Tailings Reinforced and Steel Fiber.- Chapter 16. Cyclical Instrumented Indentation Testing for Fatigue Characterization of Metals.- Chapter 17. Toughening Mechanism of Recycled Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Glass Fibers + Alumna Fibers for Military Applications.- Chapter 18. Sensitivity Analysis of a Concrete Structure Subjected to Cyclic Loading Using a Polynomial Chaos Expansion Method.

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Book SynopsisShape Memory Composites Based on Polymers and Metals for 4D Printing is a thorough discussion of the physics and chemistry behind this developing area of materials science. It provides readers with a clear exposition of shape-memory-composite (SMC) preparation techniques for 3D and 4D printing processes and explains how intelligent manufacturing technology may be applied in fields such as robotics, construction, medical science, and smart sensors. The book covers fundamental background knowledge on the synthesis of shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape memory alloys (SMAs), and additive manufacturing techniques. Polymers and metals and their roles in 4D printing are dealt with separately, and applications of 4D printing are treated in their own chapter. The different alloy compositions and nanoparticle fillers in polymer composites are examined in detail, along with the key mechanisms involved in their processing. Hybrid nanofillers and synergistic composite mixtures, which are either in extensive current use or have shown promising outcomes in the field of 4D printing, are thoroughly discussed. Differences between these novel SMCs and traditional metal alloys, organic and inorganic composites are presented, and means by which they can improve mechanical properties that are triggered by external sources like magnetic field, temperature, and pH of solvent, are set out. This book provides practitioners, industrial researchers, and scholars with a state-of-the-art overview of SMP/SMA synthesis, additive manufacturing, modification in synthesis of SMCs for 4D printing, and their likely future applications.Table of ContentsAdvances in 4D Printing of Shape Memory Materials: Current Status and Developments.- Characterization Techniques for Shape Memory Alloys and Polymers.- Synthesis Techniques of Shape Memory Alloys.- Synthesis Techniques of Shape Memory Alloys Iron Based Shape Memory Alloy.- Nitinol Based Shape Memory Alloy.- Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Nanoscale Insight into the Phase Transformation and Deformation Behavior of Shape Memory Alloys.- Influences of Powder Size (SMAs) Distribution Fe-Mn/ Alloy 625 Systematic Studies of 4D Printing Conceivable Applications.- 4D Printing of Nitinol Based Shape Memory Alloy: Process Parameters Optimization, Microstructure, Phase Transformation and Thermomechanical Properties.- Status of Cu-Based Shape Memory Alloys: Trends in 4D Printing.- Synthesis Techniques of Shape Memory Polymer Composites.- Wet Synthesis Methods of Shape Memory Polymer Composites.- Recent Progress in Synthesis Methods of Shape Memory Polymers Composites.- Effect of Nano and Hybrid Fillers on Shape Memory Polymers Properties.- Meso, Micro and Nano Particulate Filled Shape Memory Polymers.- Fiber and Fabric Reinforced Shape Memory Polymers.- Organic Shape Memory Foams.- Combination of Shape Memory Polymers and Metal Alloys.- 4D Printing of Nanostructure Modified Shape Memory Polymer Composites.- Devices and Sensors Based on Additively Manufactured Shape Memory of Hybrid Nanocomposites.- Applications of 4D Printing.- Modern Approach Towards Additive Manufacturing and 4D Printing: Emerging Industries, Challenges and Future Scope.

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Book SynopsisThis volume deals with the various fabrication techniques, surface functionalization and biomedical applications of polymeric fibers possessing different scale and structure. It provides an overview of fabrication techniques such as Co-axial, Centrifugal, Melt and Yarning to procure multiscale, tubular and layered fibrous scaffold employed for biomedical applications. The chapters in this volume discusse the surface/chemical functionalization of fibers which enhance the biological properties of the fibrous scaffolds as well as the development of hybrid, layered and external stimuli-responsive fibrous scaffolds that hold potential application in biosensor and other biomedical fields. In addition, recent advances and applications of polymeric multiscale fibers in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug delivery are presented. The potential use of fibrous scaffolds in bone, neural, tendon/ligament and cardiac tissue engineering, nanofibers as an antimicrobial wound dressing, employed in cancer theragnostics and in the treatment of skin/periodontal infections are discussed. The volume provides expert knowledge on the fabrication techniques, development of different scale and hybrid structure fibers, surface functionalization, layered and external stimuli responsive fibrous scaffolds. It will be beneficial to material/biomaterials scientists, bioengineering and biotechnologists by providing a better understanding on the subject of the innovative applications of fibrous scaffolds in drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings and regenerative medicine.Table of ContentsRecent Developments in Electrospinning Spinnertte and Collector Assembly for Biomedical Applications.- Fabrication of Multiscale Polymeric fibers for Biomedical Applications.- Coaxial Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds and Its Biomedical Applications.- Melt Electrospun Nanofibers and Its Biomedical Applications.- Centrifugal Electrospun Nanofibers and Its Biomedical Applications.- Progress, Challenges and Opportunities in Electrospun Yarn-Engineered Biomaterials.- Fabrications of Textile Based Scaffolds Using Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications.- Biomedical Applications of Electrospun Piezoelectric Nanofibrous Scaffolds.- Surface Modified Polymeric Nanofibers in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.- Polymer/Ceramic Nanocomposite Fibers in Bone Tissue Engineering.- Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering.- Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Neural Tissue Engineering.- External Stimuli Responsive Nanofibers in Biomedical Engineering.- Electrospun Antimicrobial Polymeric Nanofibers in Wound dressings.- Application of Electrospun Polymeric Fibrous Membranes as Patches for Atopic Skin Treatments.- Nanofibrous Scaffolds for the Management of Periodontal Diseases.- Recent Advances in Brain Tumour Therapy using Electrospun Nanofibers.- Layered Fibrous Scaffolds/Membranes in Wound Healing.

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Book SynopsisThis edited collection deals with the structure-property relationships and biomedical applications of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives in different fields. Readers will detailed overview of the preparatory methods involved in the derivatives of carboxymethyl chitosan and its interaction with metal ions. The chapters provide a detailed overview of the different types of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives, including the preparatory methods involved, the interactions with metal ions, and the antimicrobial activities. These different forms of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives are found to be potentially used in food packaging, in enhancing saltiness, as biosensors, and also as wound dressing. Chapters are also devoted to the fabrication and biomedical applications of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives-based nanofibers as well as the interaction of carboxymethyl chitosan with blood in blood clotting and the underlying mechanism. Contributing authors additionally explore topics related to carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogels, films, scaffolds, fibers, and composites. Finally, this volume presents the current challenges in developing biomedical products based on carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives. This book will be of interest not only to chemists, but to all scientists working in the fields of material/environmental science, biological science, and biomaterials. These chapters are great resources for any researcher who works with structure-property relationships, biological interactions, and the applications of carboxymethyl chitosan derivatives in different biomedical fields.Table of ContentsIntroductory Aspects of Carboxymethyl Chitosan derivatives.- Preparation of Different Types of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives.- Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives and Its Interaction with Metal Ions.- Antimicrobial Properties of Carboxymetyl Chitosan Based Derivatives.- Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives Based Hydrogels and Its Applications.- Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Biosensing.- Carboxymethyl Chitosan Based Derivatives in Blood Clotting and Its Mechanism.- Electrospinning of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Based Derivatives and Its applications.- Carboxymethyl Chitosan Based Derivatives in Diagnosis & Targeting.- Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives for Drug and Vaccine Delivery: An overview.- Carboxymethyl Chitosan Derivatives in Tissue Engineering.- Functionalized Carboxymethyl Chitosan Based Derivatives in Wound Healing.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers Poly(vinyl chloride) Fundamentals, Fabrication and characterization of PVC based composites and nanocomposites specifically natural fibre reinforced PVC composites, carbonaceous filler reinforced PVC composites , metal oxide fled PVC composites and nanocomposites etc. This book also covers the conducting PVC composites and recent advances in nanocomposites based on PVC .The rheological, mechanical, barrier, thermal, dielectric behaviour of PVC composites and nanocomposites are discussed in details. Table of ContentsPolyvinylchloride ,Its composites and nanocomposites: State of art, new challenges and opportunities.- Synthesis, morphology, structure and properties of PVC.- Micro and nano fillers for PVC.- Surface modification of fillers.- Fabrication of PVC based composites and nanocomposites by mechanical mixing.- Fabrication of PVC based composites and nanocomposites by solution mixing.- Fabrication of PVC based composites and nanocomposites by latex stage mixing.- Fabrication of PVC based composites and nanocomposites by freeze drying.- Interface modification and characterization of PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Natural fibre reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Chitin and chitosan based PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Carbon fibre and carbon black reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Clay reinforced PVC composites and Nanocomposites.- Mica and Glass fibre filled PVC composites.- Conducting PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Metal oxide reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Silica reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Nanocomposites of PVC with graphene.- POSS reinforced PVC nanocomposites.- Metal carbonate reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Metal particle filled PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Nanocomposite of PVC with CNT.- Composites and nanocomposites of PVC with hybrid fillers.- Rheological behavior of PVC composites and Nanocomposites.- Microscopy of PVC composites and Nanocomposites.- Morphology –property correlation in PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Mechanical properties of PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Viscoelastic characterization of PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Scattering (X-ray, light, neutron) PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Thermal properties.- PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Spectroscopy of PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Prov.- Dielectric properties PVC composites and nanocomposites.- Barrier properties of PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Aging behavior of PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Fire retardant PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Possible interaction of PVC with micro and nanofillers.- Antistatic PVC nanocomposites.- Glass transition temperature of PVC based composites and nanocomposites.- Applications of PVC based composites and nanocomposites.

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Book SynopsisMembranes for Low Temperature Fuel Cells provides a comprehensive review of novel and state-of-the-art polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) membranes. The author highlights requirements and considerations for a membrane as an integral part of PEMFC and its interactions with other components. It is an indispensible resource for anyone interested in new PEMFC membrane materials and concerned with the development, optimisation and testing of such membranes. Various composite membranes (polymer and non-polymer) are discussed along with analyses of the latest fi ller materials like graphene, ionic liquids, polymeric ionic liquids, nanostructured metal oxides and membrane concepts unfolding in the field of PEMFC. This book provides the latest academic and technical developments in PEMFC membranes with thorough insights into various preparation, characterisation, and testing methods utilised. Factors affecting proton conduction, water adsorption, and transportation behaviour of membranes are also deliberated upon. Provides the latest academic and technical developments in PEMFC membranes. Reviews recent literature on ex situ studies and in situ single-cell and stack tests investigating the durability (chemical, thermomechanical) and degradation of membranes. Surbhi Sharma, MSc, PhD Working on graphene oxide and fuel cells since 2007, she has published about 50 research articles/book chapters and holds a patent. She has also been awarded various research grants.

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Book SynopsisThis fully updated edition provides a broad approach to the surface analysis of polymers being of high technological interest. Modern analytical techniques, potential applications and recent advances in instrumental apparatus are discussed. The self-consistent chapters are devoted to spectroscopic and microscopic techniques which represent powerful tools for the characterization of morphology and chemical, physical, mechanical properties of polymer surfaces, interfaces, and thin fi lms. Selection of techniques which can properly address very shallow depth of surfaces, spanning from few angstroms to tens of nanometers Interaction of polymer surfaces with their surroundings is pointed out as a critical issue for specifi c applications

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Book SynopsisThe book provides accessible and comprehensive information on polymer matrix composites. It presents the basic concept of design of composite materials. It includes chapters on materials testing and characterization, such as mechanical testing and thermal analysis, and lifetime prediction. It discusses both structural and functional applications. Offers comprehensive information on processing, properties and applications polymer matrix composites Presents and reviews the recent development in the field e.g. damage tolerant composites, biocomposites, additive manufacturing Includes latest techniques of performance evaluation and life time assessment of composite materials

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Book SynopsisThis volume collects the proceedings from the International Congress of Polymers in Concrete 2018 (ICPIC), held under the theme “Polymers for Resilient and Sustainable Concrete Infrastructure.” ICPIC 2018 provides an opportunity for researchers and specialists working in the fields of polymers to exchange ideas and follow the latest progress in the use of polymers in concrete infrastructure. It also showcases the use of polymers and polymer concrete in sustainable and resilient development, and provides a platform for local and overseas suppliers, developers, manufacturers and contractors using polymers, polymer concrete and polymer composites in concrete structures to develop new business opportunities and follow the latest developments in the field. The International Congress of Polymers in Concrete is an international forum that has taken place every three years for the last 40 years with the objective of following progress in the field of polymers and their use in concrete and construction. Following 15 successful congresses held in London (1975), Austin (1978), Koriyama (1981), Darmstadt (1984), Brighton (1987), Shanghai (1990), Moscow (1992), Oostende (1995), Bologna (1998), Honolulu (2001), Berlin (2004), Chuncheon (2007), Funchal (2010), Shanghai (2013) and Singapore (2015), the 16th ICPIC will take place in Washington, DC, from April 29 to May 1st, 2018.Table of ContentsPart I Keynote Papers 1 Concrete-Polymer Materials: How Far Have We Come and Were Do We Need to Go?2 Polymer Concrete for Bridge Preservation3 Feasibility Study of the Use of Polymer-Modified Cement Composites as 3D Concrete Printing Material4 Experimental Analysis and Micromechanics-Based Prediction of the Elastic and Creep Properties of Polymer-Modified Concrete at Early Ages5 Durability and Long-Term Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer as a New Civil Engineering Material6 Nano-modified Polymer Concrete – A New Material for Smart and Resilient StructuresPart II Polymer Materials 7 Bio-Based Superplasticizers for Cement Based Materials8 Screening Encapsulated Polymeric Healing Agents for Carbonation Exposed Self-Healing Concrete, Service Life Extension and Environmental Benefit9 Synthesis and Characterization of Superabsorbent Polymer Hydrogels Used as Internal Curing Agents: Impact of Particle Shape on Mortar Compressive Strength10 Evaluation of Microencapsulated Corrosion Inhibitors in Reinforced Concrete11 The Use of Polymer Additions to Enhance the Performance of Industrial and Residential Decorative Concrete Flooring. 12 The Effect of Glucose on the Properties of Cement Paste13 Microstructured Polymers and Their Influences on the Mechanical Properties of PCC14 Stability of Latex in Cement Paste: Experimental Study and Theoretical Analysis15 Experimental Verification of Use Secondary Raw Materials as Fillers to Epoxy Polymer Concrete16 Effects of Anionic Asphalt Emulsion on Early Age Cement Hydration17 Polymer Solutions for Protection of Concrete Exposed to Strong Alkaline or Acid Effluent on Industrial Installations18 Lightweight Filled Epoxy Resins for Timber Restoration19 Effect of Methyl Methacrylate Monomer on Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin-Based Polymer Concrete20 Analysis of Mechanical Behavior and Durability of Coatings for Use as Flooring in the Petroleum Industry21 Evaluation of the Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Produced from Local Materials22 Application of Phase Change Materials (PCM) in Concrete for Thermal Energy Storage23 Mortars with Phase Change Materials and Stone Waste to Improve Energy Efficiency in Buildings24 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortars with Direct Incorporation of Phase Change Material25 Mechanical Performance of Fly Ash Geopolymeric Mortars Containing Phase Change MaterialsPart III Polymer Concrete 26 Are Polymers Still Driving Forces in Concrete Technology? 27 Mechanical Properties of Polymer Cement - Fiber Reinforced Concrete (PC-FRC) – Comparison Based on Experimental Studies28 Environmental Temperature and Humidity Adaptability of Polymer Modified Cement Mortar29 Innovative Polymer-Modified Pervious Concrete30 Combined Methods to Investigate the Crack-Bridging Ability of Waterproofing Membranes31 Polymer Concrete for A Modular Construction System – Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Bond Behaviour by Means of X-Ray CT32 Bending and Crack Characteristics of Polymer Lattice-Reinforced Mortar33 The Influence of Specimen Shape and Size on The PCC Compressive Strength Values34 Long-term Investigation on the Compressive Strength of Polymer Concrete with Fly Ash35 Overlays: A Great Use for Polymer Concrete36 PC with Superior Ductility using Mixture of Pristine and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes37 Contribution of Concrete-Polymer Composites and Ancient Mortar Technology to Sustainable Construction38 Smart Monitoring of Movement and Internal Temperature Changes Within Polymer Modified Concrete Repair Patches.39 PIC: Does It Have Potential?40 A Perspective on 40 Years of Polymers in Concrete History41 Development Length of Steel Reinforcement in Polymer Concrete for Bridge Deck Closure 42 Development of Ultra Rapid-Hardening Epoxy Mortar for Railway Sleepers43 Contribution of C-PC to Resilience of Concrete Structures in Seismic Country Japan44 Precast Polymer Concrete Panels for Use on Bridges and TunnelsPart IV Polymer Fiber Concrete 45 The Effect of Combinations of Treated Polypropylene Fibers on the Energy Absorption of Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete46 Bond Performance of Steel Reinforced Polymer (SRP) Subjected to Environmental Conditioning and Sustained Stress47 High-Strength Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (HS-SHCC) Made with Different High-Performance Polymer Fibers48 Uniaxial Tensile Creep Behavior of Two Types of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete49 Dynamic Behavior of Textile Reinforced Polymer Concrete Using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar50 Steel-Fiber Self-Consolidating Rubberized Concrete Subjected to Impact Loading51 Effect of Fiber Combinations on the Engineering Properties of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites52 Application of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete for Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal 53 Efficiency of Polymer Fibers in Lightweight PlasterPart V Polymer Concrete with Recycled Waste 54Properties of Ceramic Waste Powder Based Geopolymer Concrete55 Use of Recycled Polymers in Asphalt Concrete for Infrastructural Applications56 Influence of Method of Preparation of PC Mortar with Waste Perlite Powder on Its Rheological Properties57 Design and Manufacture of a Sustainable Lightweight Prefabricated Material Based on Gypsum Mortar with Semi-Rigid Polyurethane Foam Waste58 Cement Mortars Lightened with Rigid Polyurethane Foam Waste Applied on Site. Suitability and Durability 59 Latex-Modified Concrete Overlays Using Recycled Waste Paint60 Effect of Using Kaolin and Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag on Green Concrete Properties61 Lightweight Structural Recycled Mortars Fabricated with Polyurethane and Surfactants62 Hydration in Mortars Manufactured with Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and the Latest-Generation of Polymeric Emulsion Admixtures 63 Chemical Resistance of Vinyl-ester Concrete with Waste Mineral Dust Remaining After Preparation of Aggregate for Asphalt MixturePart VI Geopolymers 64 Performance Studies on Self Compacting Geo Polymer Concrete at Ambient Curing Condition65 Effect of 3D Printing on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Inorganic Geopolymer66 Optimization of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Using a Dynamic Approach of the Taguchi Method67 Microstructural and Strength Investigation of Geopolymer Concrete with Natural Pozzolan and Micro Silica68 Performance of Steel-Fiber-Reinforced High Performance One-Part Geopolymer Concrete69 Effect of Different Class C Fly Ashes Composition on the Properties of the Alkali Activated Concrete70 Effect of Curing Temperatures on Zero-Cement Alkali-Activated Mortars71 Properties of PVA Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Mortar72 Thermal Performance of Fly Ash Geopolymeric Mortars Containing Phase Change Materials73 Development of Fiber-Reinforced Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete Containing Lightweight Aggregates Produced by Granulation of Petrit-T74 Applications of Geopolymers in Concrete for Low-Level Radioactive Waste ContainersPart VII Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) 75Microstructure and Mechanical Property Behavior of FRP Reinforcement Autopsied from Bridge Structures Subjected to In-situ Exposure76 The Influences of Mechanical Load on FRP Composites Subjected to Environmental Corrosion77 Finite Element Analysis of RC Beams Strengthened in Shear with NSM FRP Rods78 Effect of Sustained Load Level on Long-term Deflections in GFRP and Steel-Reinforced Concrete Beams79 Flexural Behavior and Cracks in Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars80 Flexural Rigidity Evaluation of Seismic Performance of Hollow-Core Composite Bridge Columns81 Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Hollow-Core Composite Building Columns 82 Pultruded GFRP Reinforcing Bars with Carbon Nanotubes 83 On Mechanical Characteristics of HFRP Bars with Various Types of Hybridization84 Fatigue Behavior Characterization of Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites85 Strength Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced with BFRP BarsPart VIII PC with Nanomaterial 86A Comparative Study on Colloidal Nano Silica Incorporation in Polymer Modified Cement Mortars87 Performance of UHPC and Nano-Modified Polymer Concrete (NMPC) Composite Wall Panels for protective Structures 88 Mechanical Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets89 Oilwell Cement Modified with Bacterial Nanocellulose90 Effect of Incorporating Nano Silica on the Strength of Natural Pozzolan-Based Alkali Activated ConcretePart IX Strengthening & Restoration Using Polymers 91 Review of Polymer Coatings Used for Blast Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Structures92 Evaluation of Polymer-Modified Restoration Mortars for Corrosion Resistance of Sewage Treatment Structures93 Finite Element Modeling of CFRP Strengthened Low Strength Concrete Short Columns94 Improvement Works to Existing Column Stumps by Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthening System95 Silicone Resin Enclosing Method Applied for the Maintenance of Steel Bearings96 Bio-based Polyurethane Elastomer for Strengthening Application of Concrete Structures under Dynamic Loadings

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Book SynopsisDerived from lectures at the University of Freiburg, this textbook introduces solid-state physics as well as the physics of liquids, liquid crystals and polymers. The five chapters deal with the key characteristics of condensed matter: structures, susceptibilities, molecular fields, currents, and dynamics. The author strives to present and explain coherently the terms and concepts associated with the main properties and characteristics of condensed matter, while minimizing attention to extraneous details. As a result, this text provides the firm and broad basis of understanding that readers require for further study and research.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: From "Applied Rheology", Vol. 14/2, 2004, p. 81: " 'Condensed Matter Physics' is one of few books covering both hard and soft condensed matter on a graduate studies level. ... Strobl's book provides an excellent, well organized introduction to the fundamentals of condensed matter physics. Although the topic is approached from a physicist's point of view and ca. one half is devoted to crystals, the book will not only be of high value for physics students. Other scientists and engineers who need to learn about hard or soft condensed matter will find it very helpful as well." "This is a translation of the original German edition. It is a textbook covering the lectures given by the author at the University of Freiburg. … The presentation is very concise with due insistence on the interrelations between the various phenomena and concepts. As such it provides a good introduction to the physics of condensed matter which will be of value to a broad audience of scientists." (Marc Baus, Physicalia, Vol. 57 (3), 2005) "The underlying aim of the book is to cover the whole of condensed matter … in a form which is concise enough to be the basis of an undergraduate course. … As someone who has worked in solid state physics … I found the book quite stimulating. … an admirable book which fully succeeds in its basic aim and would be of interest to many already working in the field … . would integrate well into the course structure of many Physics Departments." (Dr. M. Blamire, Contemporary Physics, Vol. 46 (2), 2005)"Even though exciting new fields open up in bio- and polymer physics, few textbooks so far cover soft matter adequately. In this sense, Strobl follows a very modern approach for undergraduate teaching by trying a unified treatment of "condensed matter" properties. This is a tribute to the increasing importance of life sciences and modern materials sciences, which do no more focus on simple structures such as perfect crystals, but handle a continious spectrum of pure liquids, solutions, liquid crystals, amorphous rubbers and glasses, nanocrystals, and finally perfect solids.... As is intended by the author, the book distinguishes from similar volumes by putting emphasis on polymers and liquid crystals, and especially by combining elementary physics with modern and ambitious thematic...."Condensed Matter Physics" is a clearly structured and well-written textbook which may certainly be recommended for undergraduate students not only in experimental physics but also in materials and engineering sciences. … Like many other good textbooks, it benefits from the great experience of the lecturer in presentation and, last but not least, from valuable exercises at the end of the parts with corresponding solutions in the appendix." (Walter Langel, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2006)Table of Contents1 Structures.- 2 Moduli, Viscosities and Susceptibilities.- 3 Molecular Fields and Critical Phase Transitions.- 4 Charges and Currents.- 5 Microscopic Dynamics.- A Thermodynamic Potentials.- B Solutions to the Exercises.- C A Small Selection of Further Reading.- D Nomenclature.- References.

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Book SynopsisThe Physics of Polymers presents the elements of this important segment of material science, focusing on concepts above experimental techniques and theoretical methods. Written for graduate students of physics, material science and chemical engineering and for researchers working with polymers in academia and industry, the book introduces and discusses the basic phenomena which lead to the peculiar physical properties of polymeric systems. The revised and expanded Third Edition includes a new chapter dealing with conjugated polymers, explaining the physical basis of the characteristic electro-optic response, and the spectacular electrical conduction properties of conjugated polymers created by doping.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Physicists wanting to learn about the fundamentals of polymers would find the book very interesting and informative." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine From Amazom.com reviews -- "5 Stars surely this book is excellent", January 11, 2005 "For graduate students in polymer science, especially polymer physics, I always have two books to recommend: Polymer Physics by Rubinstein and Colby, and this book by Strobl." "5 Stars A comprehensive polymer physics book!", January 2, 2003 "This is a comprehensive polymer physics book, each chapter is well written with adequate depth of coverage. Most definitely the book one must pick to delve into dynamics, thermodynamics, scattering and crystallization, and get to the level of appreciating the complexity and beauty of current research and understanding in the field of polymer physics. Highly recommended"Table of ContentsConstitution and Architecture of Chains.- Single Chain Conformations.- Polymer Solutions.- Polymer Blends and Block Copolymers.- The Semicrystalline State.- Mechanical and Dielectric Response.- Conjugated Polymers.- Microscopic Dynamics.- Non-Linear Mechanics.- Deformation, Yielding and Fracture.

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Book SynopsisThe Physics of Polymers presents the elements of this important segment of material science, focusing on concepts above experimental techniques and theoretical methods. Written for graduate students of physics, material science and chemical engineering and for researchers working with polymers in academia and industry, the book introduces and discusses the basic phenomena which lead to the peculiar physical properties of polymeric systems. The revised and expanded Third Edition includes a new chapter dealing with conjugated polymers, explaining the physical basis of the characteristic electro-optic response, and the spectacular electrical conduction properties of conjugated polymers created by doping.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Physicists wanting to learn about the fundamentals of polymers would find the book very interesting and informative." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine From Amazom.com reviews -- "5 Stars surely this book is excellent", January 11, 2005 "For graduate students in polymer science, especially polymer physics, I always have two books to recommend: Polymer Physics by Rubinstein and Colby, and this book by Strobl." "5 Stars A comprehensive polymer physics book!", January 2, 2003 "This is a comprehensive polymer physics book, each chapter is well written with adequate depth of coverage. Most definitely the book one must pick to delve into dynamics, thermodynamics, scattering and crystallization, and get to the level of appreciating the complexity and beauty of current research and understanding in the field of polymer physics. Highly recommended"Table of ContentsConstitution and Architecture of Chains.- Single Chain Conformations.- Polymer Solutions.- Polymer Blends and Block Copolymers.- The Semicrystalline State.- Mechanical and Dielectric Response.- Conjugated Polymers.- Microscopic Dynamics.- Non-Linear Mechanics.- Deformation, Yielding and Fracture.

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Book SynopsisPolymer science is now an active and thriving community of scientists, engineers and technologists, but there was a time, not so long ago, when there was no such community. The prehistory of polymer science helps to provide key insights into current issues and historical problems. The story will be divided into an ancient period ( from Greek times to the creation of the molecular consensus), a nascent period (from Dalton to Kekule to van’t Hoff) and a period of paradigm formation and controversy (from Staudinger to Mark to Carothers). The prehistory concludes with an account of the epochal 1935 Discussion of the Faraday Society on “Polymerization”. After this meeting an active community engaged in trying to solve the central problems defined by the discussions.Table of ContentsAncient Period.- Nascent Period.- Period of Paradigm Formation.- The Age of Macromolecules.

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Book SynopsisWie lange gibt es schon Verbundwerkstoffe? Woher kommt die klassische Laminattheorie? Wer baute den ersten modernen Faserverbund? In diesem Fachbuch zur Geschichte der Materialforschung werden erstmalig werkstofftechnische Forschungs- und Entwicklungsstrategien zu hybriden Werkstoffen des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts untersucht. Dabei analysiert der Autor eine Vielzahl von Fakten, welche einen Pendelgang zwischen konstruktiver Anwendung und werkstofftechnischer Sondierung bei diesen „Baukastenwerkstoffen“ konstatieren. Die vorliegende Untersuchung stellt die Entwicklung und Bedeutung der Verbundwerkstoffe in einem historischen Kontext dar.Table of ContentsFrühe Verbundwerkstoffe.- Entwicklung von Verbundwerkstoffen im industriellen Kontext des 19. Jahrhunderts.- Verbundwerkstoffe im Kontext der Polymerchemie im 20. Jahrhundert.- Entwicklung hybrider Werkstoffsysteme in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.- Auswertung.

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Book SynopsisArchitectures of Weaving bridges architecture and textile by exploring fiber architectures from the micro scale of biological systems to the macro scale of textile and built structures. Selected case studies, essays, and interviews reflect on cultural practices and materials research through the lens of textile thinking. In the quest for sustainable and resilient approaches that meet the challenges of our time, the book presents fascinating approaches heralding a paradigm shift by working with fibrous materiality: structures become flexible and adaptive, they interact with their environment. As a source of inspiration, the book assembles exceptional contributions from the fields of architecture, art, material science, cultural history, design, engineering, mathematics, microbiology, and textile technology.

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Book SynopsisToday, young cosmetics researchers who have completed their graduate studies and have entered a cosmetics company are put through several years of training before they become qualified to design cosmetics formulations themselves. They are trained so that they can design formulas not by a process of logic but by heart, like craftsmen, chefs, or carpenters. This kind of training seems a terrible waste of labor and time. To address this issue and allow young scientists to design novel cosmetics formulations, effectively bringing greater diversity of innovation to the industry, this book provides a key set of skills and the knowledge necessary for such pursuits. The volume provides the comprehensive knowledge and instruction necessary for researchers to design and create cosmetics products. The book’s chapters cover a comprehensive list of topics, which include, among others, the basics of cosmetics, such as the raw materials of cosmetics and their application; practical techniques and technologies for designing and manufacturing cosmetics, as well as theoretical knowledge; emulsification; sensory evaluations of cosmetic ingredients; and how to create products such as soap-based cleansers, shampoos, conditioners, creams, and others. The potential for innovation is great in Japan’s cosmetics industry. This book expresses the hope that the high level of dedicated research continues and proliferates, especially among those who are innovators at heart.Table of ContentsDeveloping the formulations of cosmetics.- Raw materials of cosmetics.- Emulsions.- Sensory properties of cosmetics.- Practice of designing cosmetics formulations.

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