Energy and natural resources law Books

Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive analysis of the international legal dimension of the management of the risk of accidents associated with offshore oil and gas activities. The editors cover the prevention and minimization of harm as well as the post-accident management of loss through liability and compensation arrangements and the processing of mass claims for compensation. While postulating a public international law framework for offshore oil and gas operations globally and exploring critical elements thereof, this book draws heavily on comparative assessments of domestic concepts and approaches, especially as regards offshore safety, liability for and compensation of harm, and mass tort claims procedures. With a team of experts from all over world as contributing authors, the book offers a unique perspective on what remains a pressing international concern: The safety of offshore operations globally and the proper allocation of loss should a major accident occur. Government officials, international civil servants and academics in related fields will find the book a valuable resource.Trade Review‘The editors and authors are to be applauded because they succeed in furnishing any reader with a manageable shortcut to achieve a better understanding of how risks in the offshore oil and gas sector should be addressed (”managed”) properly in the twenty-first century.’ -- Henning Jessen, Ocean YearbookTable of ContentsContents: Introduction The Editors Part I Prevention and Minimization of Harm 1. Corporate Governance and Risk Management Michael Bothe 2. Regulating the Safety of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations a. Performance-Based Regulation and the Development of International Regulatory Uniformity in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations Michael Tsimplis and Wassim Dbouk b. Managing Offshore Safety in the United States after the Macondo Disaster Jacqueline L. Weaver 3. The International Regime of Oil Spill Contingency Planning and Response Erik Røsæg 4. Regional Arrangements for Contingency Planning and Response a. Oil Spill Response in the EU Maria Gavouneli b. Oil Spill Response in the Arctic: the Norwegian-Russian Experience Maria Sydnes and Are Kristoffer Sydnes c. Oil Spill Response in the North American Arctic: Canada, the United States, and Greenland Michael LeVine, Andrew Hartsig, Louie Porta, Chris Debicki, and Amanda Joynt d. Oil Pollution Prevention and Response: The Mediterranean and Other Regional Arrangements Tullio Scovazzi 5. Managing Environmental Risks Through the Terms of Maritime Delimitation and Related Agreements Nigel Bankes Part II Liability and Compensation of Loss 6. Allocating Transboundary Loss from Offshore Oil and Gas Accidents Günther Handl 7. Damage Compensable a. The Recovery of Pure Economic Loss under the Oil Pollution Act: A Unified Test of Causation Vernon Valentine Palmer and Kristoffer Svendsen b. Pure Environmental Damage Peter Wetterstein 8. Punitive Damages Martin Davies 9. The Role of Insurance in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations Özlem Gürses Part III Claims Processing 10. The CLC/Fund Experience Måns Jacobsson 11. Specific Oil Spill Incidents a. The BP-Deepwater Horizon Claims Process Edward F. Sherman b. Compensation Claims arising from the Montara Oil Spill Shane Bosma and Josh Underwood 12. Other Mass Tort Claim Perspectives: Mass Tort Settlements in a European Context Harald Koch and Joachim Zekoll Index

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Book SynopsisThe downturn in the oil commodity price starting in 2014 had a chilling effect on oil and gas M&A. However, recent price stabilisation has improved the outlook for M&A activity, making a second edition of this book most timely. A feature of the M&A industry has always been its variety of participants, ranging from integrated energy conglomerates to entrepreneurial frontier explorers. New entrants include state-owned oil companies, financial investors, diversifying service contractors and oil traders. With the growth of specialist stock markets, junior and independent oil companies are better able to raise acquisition finance than ever before, and companies specialising in end-of-life reservoirs are filling the spaces left as oil majors go in search of new opportunities. Transaction types are also diverse and are completed using a variety of different deal structures. As well as providing chapters on each type of acquisition method, this book also includes an analysis of the underlying structuring decisions. In addition, this practical guide covers a number of ancillary areas, including valuations, financing, tax and accounting. Decommissioning liability is also considered in an M&A context. A number of new chapters are also featured, covering topics such as competition law, environmental law and dealing with material adverse changes. This comprehensive new edition will prove an essential resource to anyone involved in the upstream industry M&A process including lawyers, bankers, financiers, business executives, accountants and tax advisers.Table of ContentsIntroduction 5 Paul Bannister Mark W Llamas GMP FirstEnergy Valuation 11 Christopher R K Moore Moyes & Co, Inc Structuring the transaction 31 Jubilee Easo Eversheds Sutherland Joanna Kay Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe (UK) LLP Private equity investment in the oil and gas industry 45 Maarten Overmars Simon Tysoe David Ziyambi Latham & Watkins Share purchase agreements 61 Alexander Reid HFW Asset sale and purchase agreements 79 John C LaMaster Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP Public takeovers 109 Mary Bartle David Lewis Clifford Chance LLP Financing oil and gas M&A transactions 127 Robert Aulsebrook Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP Anti-corruption initiatives in upstream oil and gas 147 Tamer A Soliman Mayer Brown Disputes in oil and gas M&A transactions 169 Mark Beeley Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe (UK) LLP Financial and tax due diligence 179 Chris Searle BDO LLP Due diligence and warranties 191 Marc Hammerson Caroline-Lucy Moran Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP Dealing with material adverse changes in upstream acquisitions and divestitures 215 John C LaMaster Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP Environmental considerations in oil and gas M&A 227 Julie Vaughan Herbert Smith Freehills Decommissioning in an M&A context 243 Paula Kidd Norman Wisely CMS Cameron McKenna Nabarro Olswang LLP Competition law issues in oil and gas M&A 259 Paul Culliford Andrew Hockley Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner LLP About the authors 279 Index 285

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Book SynopsisIntellectual property has always played a key role supporting the protection and exploitation of technology and brands of businesses operating in the energy sector. The management of IP is arguably more important than ever as we transition to more renewable energy sources and reduced emissions, and see an energy market increasingly disrupted by start-ups challenging the dominance of the traditional oil and gas majors. This Special Report looks at the challenges and opportunities that intellectual property issues present for different areas of this broad and rapidly changing sector, including: Upstream: exploration and production of hydrocarbons across the full lifecycle of oil and gas fields. Downstream: oil and gas processing technology and resulting differentiated fuel and lubricant products. Renewables: a look at the role of IP in supporting renewables businesses, with a spotlight on a solar start-up. Digitalisation: the transformational impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on the sector as a whole and how IP rights underpin this. Standard Essential Patents: how patents on wireless interoperability, at one time solely the domain of the telecoms industry, are increasingly applicable in the energy sector, and the licensing challenges this raises. Brand and reputation: how energy businesses seek to protect and exploit their brands and reputations as well as their technology, in order to differentiate themselves in an intensely competitive market. This report is essential reading for legal advisers and anyone in a commercial role dealing with the energy sector who is seeking a deeper understanding of the vital role intellectual property plays in shaping and achieving business objectives.Table of ContentsIntroduction 7 Jon Moorhouse Keystone Law I. Energy joint ventures: upstream 11 Jon Moorhouse Keystone Law 1. Exploration 12 1.1 Data acquisition 12 1.2 Data processing and interpretation 14 2. Production 16 3. End of field life 22 4. Intellectual property management 22 II. A downstream perspective 25 Maeve O’Flynn Finnegan Europe LLP Paul Townsend Finnegan LLP 1. Process technology 25 1.1 How can process technology be protected? 26 1.2 What protection is offered by process patents? 26 1.3 In which circumstances will competitor activity be outside the scope of protection of your process patent? 27 1.4 How do you ensure that the claims of your process patent provide commercially useful protection? 30 1.5 Will you be able to prove infringement of your process patent? 32 1.6 What is the value of your process patents? 32 2. Differentiated products 35 2.1 How should I protect products resulting from collaborative development? 35 2.2 How do I protect innovative products resulting from open innovation? 36 2.3 What are the IP challenges when considering freedom to operate for a large portfolio of differentiated products? 38 3. Conclusion 40 III. Renewables: solar – spotlight on BNRG 43 Eoin Langford BNRG Renewables Ltd Jon Moorhouse Keystone Law 1. Introduction 43 2. Hardware 44 2.1 The technology 44 2.2 Manufacture 47 2.3 Procurement 48 3. Project development and asset management 49 3.1 Site selection and design optimisation 49 3.2 EPC and partnering 51 4. Reputation and brand management 52 IV. Digitalisation 55 Charles T Collins-Chase Kathryn R Judson Paul Townsend Finnegan LLP 1. Digitalisation and artificial intelligence are rapidly changing the energy industry 55 2. Potential intellectual property issues facing AI and digital innovations 57 2.1 Patent eligibility 57 2.2 Patent inventorship 59 2.3 Trade secret protection 60 3. Patents: common issues and strategies 62 3.1 Strategies for overcoming patent-eligibility challenges 62 3.2 Strategies for avoiding inventorship issues 66 4. Trade secrets: strategies for navigating common pitfalls 67 5. Conclusion 71 V. Standard essential patents: licensing challenges for energy companies 75 Robert Pocknell Keystone Law 1. Standards in the energy industry 76 1.1 Smart meters 76 1.2 Autonomous driving 77 1.3 Electric vehicle charging 77 2. What is the standards-setting process? 77 3. What SEP issues arise in the standards-setting process? 79 4. What does FRAND (fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory) mean? 80 5. Why are these telecoms issues relevant to the energy industry? 83 5.1 Example: a ‘smart’ water flow meter 84 6. What can be done? 86 VI. Brand protection 89 Sean Ibbetson Bristows LLP 1. Introduction: the value of brands in the energy sector 89 2. How the energy sector protects its brands 90 2.1 Trademarks (registered) 90 2.2 Trademarks (unregistered) 97 2.3 Designs (registered and unregistered) 99 2.4 Copyright 100 3. Enforcement issues: jurisdiction, remedies and online enforcement 101 3.1 Jurisdiction 101 3.2 Remedies 101 3.3 Online enforcement issues 103 4. Advertising disputes 106 5. Conclusion 106 About the authors 108 About Globe Law and Business 112

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Book Synopsis'Stefan Weishaar brought an excellent group of authors together in this book, reflecting on key developments for the green market transition! Happy to read so many refreshing contributions on carbon taxes, energy subsidies and smart instrument mixes.'- Kurt Deketelaere, University of Leuven, Belgium The Paris Agreement on climate change constitutes an important milestone in international climate negotiations. Its key objective is the strengthening of the global response to climate change by transitioning the world to an increasingly green economy. In this book, environmental tax and climate law experts address the various issues surrounding green market transitions. Key chapters examine carbon taxes and systems of implementation, energy subsidies, and support schemes for carbon and energy policies. Using a multitude of international case studies, several contributing authors reflect on the underlying policy dynamics and the constraints of various fiscal measures. In addition, this timely work considers the important issue of smart instrument mixes, going beyond instrument choice to examine how they can work in harmony together. Astute and engaging, this book is a vital companion for students and scholars in environmental law, economics and sustainability. Its practical approach also renders it an excellent guide for policy makers and those involved in fiscal reform and green market transition.Contributors include: M. Alsina Pujols, B. Bahn-Walkowiak, P. Castro, M. Distelkamp, N. Droste, E. Fonseca Capdevila, C. Fruhmann, S. Giorgi, A. Großmann, M. Hasenheit, A. Illes, T. Kawakatsu, C. Kettner, M. Kettunen, D. Kletzan-Slamanig, N. Kreibich, L. Kreiser, V. Kulmer, A. Lerch, C. Lutz, M. Machingambi, M. Meyer, J.E. Milne, I. Ring, S. Rudolph, R. Santos, S. Seebauer, H. Sprohge, L.-A. Steenkamp, C. Stroia, I. Taranic, P. ten Brink, A. Tuerk, S. Van Outryve d'Ydewalle, R. Vasileios, M. Villar Ezcurra, H. Wang-Helmreich, H. Wilts, S. Wolff, G. Woltjer, M. ZahnoTrade Review'This excellent volume is yet another contribution to the leading series Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation, which year on year allows experts and policy makers alike to keep abreast of the progress made in developing and implementing tax schemes for environmental protection. Focussing on the impact of the Paris agreement, chapters provide a thorough, data based analysis, of what is being done, how it is working, and what challenges remain. The editors and authors alike should be commended for the output.' --Javier de Cendra, IE Law School, Spain'The adoption of the Paris Agreement on climate change has made it crystal clear that the attention of scholars and practitioners alike needs to shift to the functioning of policies in support of a low-carbon transition. Offering a timely and important contribution, Weishaar and colleagues have brought together a distinguished and diverse group of authors, who together generate a wealth of ideas for the design of policy instrument mixes in various parts of the world.' --Harro van Asselt, University of Eastern Finland Law School'Contributions to this timely volume cover some of the most remarkable and important international developments of market-based instruments for environmental policy. Highlights include analytical insights on recent state-level policy proposals in the USA, on innovative methods of linking emissions trading schemes with environmental taxation and on South Africa's carbon tax proposal spanning one third of Africa's emissions.' --Mikael Skou Andersen, Aarhus University, DenmarkTable of ContentsContents: Part I Carbon taxes 1. Carbon Tax Choices: The Tale of Four States Janet E. Milne 2. Carbon Taxation in EU Member States: Evidence from the Transport Sector Claudia Kettner and Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig 3. The Effect of Carbon Taxes on Emissions and Carbon Leakage: Evidence from the European Union Maria Alsina Pujols 4. To Incentivise or Penalise: An Analysis of the proposed Carbon Tax in South Africa Lee-Ann Steenkamp 5. Is the use of Carbon Offsets in the South African Carbon Tax a Smart mix? Memory Machingambi 6. Linking Carbon Tax Systems under the Paris Agreement: Potentials and Risks Nicolas Kreibich and Hanna Wang-Helmreich Part II Energy Subsidies and Support Schemes 7. Renewable Energy Deployment at the Interplay between Support Policies and Fossil Fuel Subsidies Martina Zahno and Paula Castro 8. Considerations against Subsidies and Tax Incentives for Nuclear Energy Hans Sprohge and Larry Kreiser 9. Economic Effects of reforming Energy Tax Exemptions for the Industry in Germany Anett Großmann, Christian Lutz 10. Parafiscal Charges and Contributions to General Electricity Networks: a Legal Analysis of its Nature under the Scope of Directive 2003/96 and the EU State aids regime Marta Villar Ezcurra and Enrique Fonseca Capdevila Part III Policy Dynamics and Constraints 11. Why are Green Fiscal Policies such a small part of Green Economic Policies? Evidence from three European Countries Geert Woltjer, Marius Hasenheit, Vasileios Rizos, Igor Taranic, Cristian Stroia 12. Conceptualising a Tax Policy mix for Resource Efficiency – Selected results from a three transition pathways approach Bettina Bahn-Walkoviak, Henning Wilts, Mark Meyer and Martin Distelkamp 13. System Complexity as Key Determinant in achieving Efficacious Policy Transposition and Implementation Claudia Fruhmann, Andreas Tuerk, Veronika Kulmer and Sebastian Seebauer 14. Developing the North American Carbon Market: Prospects for Sustainable Linking Sven Rudolph, Takeshi Kawakatsu and Achim Lerch 15. Towards a ‘Third Dividend’ Analysis for Innovative Environmental Taxation Policies and Allocations: A Smart Instrument mix for the Reduction of CO2 emissions Sixtine Van Outryve d’Ydewalle and Sébastien Wolff Part IV In Search of Instruments in Other Policy Areas 16. Landscape and Taxation: the “minor” Instruments Silvia Giorgi 17. Exploring the Policy Mix for Biodiversity Financing: Opportunities provided by Environmental Fiscal Instruments in the EU Andrea Illes, Marianne Kettunen, Patrick ten Brink, Rui Santos, Nils Droste and Irene Ring Index

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Book SynopsisHow should we strike a balance between the benefits of centralized and local governance, and how important is context to selecting the right policy tools? This uniquely broad overview of the field illuminates our understanding of environmental federalism and informs our policy-making future.Professor Kalyani Robbins has brought together an impressive team of leading environmental federalism scholars to provide a collection of chapters, each focused on a different regime. This review of many varied approaches, including substantial theoretical material, culminates in a comparative analysis of environmental federalism and consideration of what each system might learn from the others.The Law and Policy of Environmental Federalism includes clear descriptive portions that make it a valuable teaching resource, as well as original theory and a depth of policy analysis that will benefit scholars of federalism or environmental and natural resources law. The value of its analysis for real-world decision-making will make it a compelling read for practitioners in environmental law or fields concerned with federalism issues, including those in government or NGOs, as well as lobbyists.Contributors: W.L. Andreen, N. Behnke, S. Bhat, W.W. Buzbee, A.E. Carlson, K.H. Engel, A. Eppler, R. Fowler, R.L. Glicksman, K.H. Hirokawa, B. Hudson, A. Kaswan, A.B. Klass, K. Robbins, J. Rosenbloom, E. Ryan, J.A. Wentz, H. WisemanTrade Review'While much of the debate about federalism in environmental law has been focused on pollution laws in the United States, this book covers the full range of environmental issues and looks beyond US borders. The Law and Policy of Environmental Federalism makes it clear that the previous focus on pollution laws provided only a partial glimpse of the federalism issues.' --Daniel Farber, University of California, Berkeley, US'This book is an extraordinary piece of scholarship by top experts in the field. It challenges conventional assumptions concerning environmental federalism and offers new insights into the effects of law and policy on intergovernmental relations. The book explores how climate change is posing novel challenges to federal/state relations and it provides valuable comparative perspectives based on experience in other countries.' --Robert V. Percival, University of Maryland, Francis King Carey School of Law, USTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Kalyani Robbins PART I MAJOR UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL STATUTES 1. Debunking revisionist understandings of environmental cooperative federalism: collective action responses to air pollution Robert L. Glicksman and Jessica A. Wentz 2. Dynamic federalism and the Clean Water Act: completing the task William L. Andreen 3. CERCLA, federalism, and common law claims Alexandra B. Klass and Emma Fazio PART II REGULATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 4. . Fragmented forest federalism Blake Hudson 5. Coordinating the overlapping regulation of biodiversity and ecosystem management Kalyani Robbins 6. Evolving energy federalism: current allocations of authority and the need for inclusive governance Hannah J. Wiseman PART III CLIMATE CHANGE AND FEDERALISM 7. Climate federalism, regulatory failure and reversal risks, and entrenching innovation incentives William W. Buzbee 8. The enigma of state climate change policy innovation Kirsten H. Engel 9. Cooperative federalism and adaptation Alice Kaswan PART IV THEORIES OF DIFFUSE REGULATORY POWER 10. Reverse preemption in federal water law Ann E. Carlson 11. The cost of federalism: ecology, community, and the pragmatism of land use Keith H. Hirokawa and Jonathan Rosenbloom PART V COMPARING INTERNATIONAL REGIMES 12. The Australian experience with environmental federalism – constitutional and political perspectives Robert Fowler 13. German environmental federalism in the multi-level system of the European Union Nathalie Behnke and Annegret Eppler 14. The paradox of environmental federalism in India Sairam Bhat PART VI CONCLUDING THOUGHTS 15. Environmental federalism’s tug of war within Erin Ryan Index

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Book SynopsisAddressing the contentious debate surrounding the future of the European Atomic Energy Community Treaty (Euratom), Anna Södersten offers one of the first examinations of Euratom from an institutional and structural perspective, and in doing so, investigates the legal implications of its continued separate existence. Using primary material as key sources for analysis, as well as examining all of the treaty?'s titles, this book explores the relationship between Euratom and two other core EU treaties, the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). In considering whether it is still relevant that one of the EU?'s founding treaties is the promotion of nuclear energy, Södersten concludes that there is no need for the Euratom as a separate treaty. Euratom at the Crossroads will be essential reading for scholars in the fields of EU institutional law and EU energy law. EU officials and practitioners in the field of energy law, at national legislatures and regulator authorities, will find this indispensable reading.Trade Review‘The book offers brilliant legal analysis in the area of the TEAEC. It touches on many issues that reflect the hot questions in legal literature. This is an exhaustive work that is worth recommending to all those who study EU law.’ -- Marek Rzotkiewicz, Polish Review of International and European Law‘Södersten's work deserves to become a handbook on Euratom issues in the coming decades.’ -- Jakub Handrlica, European Journal of Legal Studies‘Euratom at the Crossroads makes a valuable contribution to the current debate on the future of EU law. The author has clearly succeeded in her goal of providing detailed analysis of the complex legal framework established under the Euratom Treaty. Taking into account the relative lack of scientific literature on Euratom, this book rightly aspires to become a handbook on Euratom’s issues for the next decades.’ -- Jakub Handrlica, International Energy Law Review‘Euratom has always been the least visible of the European Communities, yet its impact on European integration cannot be underestimated. Anna Södersten rightfully draws renewed attention to the many fascinating competences and activities of Euratom. Many familiar EU law questions return, including the division of competences between the organization and its Members, the choice of legal basis and the extensively developed external relations. Euratom at the Crossroads should be seen as a leading book on a European organisation that deserves more attention in the academic field.’ -- Ramses A. Wessel, University of Twente, the Netherlands‘This book is devoted to the most neglected actor under European Law: the European Atomic Energy Community Treaty (Euratom). It explores the terra incognita of Euratom from its beginnings in the 1950s to today’s post-Fukushima era, while also focussing on Euratom’s specific role in its relationship with the European Union. Written with great thoroughness and unbiased scholarship, Anna’s book will be the standard work of reference on Euratom for a long time to come.’ -- Jürgen Grunwald, Saarland University, Germany‘There is a gap in the legal literature on the rules and procedures that govern Euratom. Anna Södersten’s well set out book provides a comprehensive and informative analysis that enhances our understanding of this area.’ -- Panos Koutrakos, City, University of London, UKTable of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. A Brief History PART I Structural Issues 2. The Architectural Structure 3. Legal Regimes: Theorising the Treaty Relationship PART II Substantive Issues 4. Introduction to the EU’s General Energy Policy 5. Nuclear Industrial Development: The ‘Dirigiste’ Organisation 6. Nuclear Industrial Development: The Market-Oriented Organisation 7. Radiation Protection 8. Nuclear Safety 9. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Conclusions Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the calculation and evaluation of regulatory costs by regulators in accordance with a legislative mandate. A serious limitation in that enterprise, the possibility of technological change and innovation, often compromises those efforts and has long been under-appreciated in standard 'cost-benefit analysis.' Regulators who study the inducement of innovation and the avoidance of regulatory costs by the regulated often find significant cost-saving opportunities, leading to more stringent and more effective risk governance. Ultimately, the weighing of costs in this more elaborate model is more than simple welfare maximization. It views regulatory costs as important to society for a range of reasons, some grounded in fairness and some in deliberative process values, as a society seeks to minimize all costs over time. This analysis places the weighing of regulatory costs in context by comparing cost calculation methods and evaluative tools in three illuminating case studies. It assesses cost-factoring methods under different normative frameworks and highlights the role of technological innovation in cost minimization over time while considering regulatory costs that result from multiple regulatory tool choices. A single regulatory cost investigation is tracked from agency to legislative back to agency choice, outlining the steps to consensus-oriented cost factoring methods.Academic and professional lawyers in fields like environmental protection, food and drug safety, and workplace safety will find this an invaluable resource, as will researchers in disciplines dealing with judicial choice from economic or political theoretical frameworks and regulatory agencies charged with regulating risks.Table of ContentsContents: The Meanings of Regulatory Costs 2. The Ambiguities of Social Cost Accounting 3. The Economics of Technological Change and Growth 4. Auto Emissions, Compliance Costs, and Technological Change, 1970-2017 5. The Costs of Generality: Cooling Water Withdrawals in Retrospect 6. Freight Rail's Productivity Puzzle: Offsetting Regulatory Costs Conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisIn the last twenty years the biofuels industry has developed rapidly in many regions of the world. This timely book provides an in-depth and critical study of the law and policies in many of the key biofuels producing countries, such as Brazil, China and the US, as well as the EU, and a number of other countries where this industry is quickly developing. Drawing on a range of disciplines, the contributors examine the roles of the public and private sectors in the governance of biofuels. They discuss topics such as sustainability and biofuels, and provide a critical review of regulatory regimes for biofuels. They conclude by proposing recommendations for more effective and efficient biofuel policies.Academics working in the area of renewable energy and students in environmental law will find this book to be of interest. It will also be of use to policy makers around the world looking to learn from various existing regimes.Contributors: G. Berndes, M. Brandão, A. Cowie, A. Cowie, K.S. Dahmann, J. De Beer, O. Englund, L.B. Fowler, A. Genest, L. Guo, M.-H. Labrie, Y. Le Bouthillier, E. Le Gal, O.J. Lim Tung, W.E. Mabee, F. Maes, L.D. Malo, M. Mansoor, P. Martin, H. Mcleod-Kilmurray, M.J.F. Montefrio, B.E. Olsen, R.O. Owino, P. Pereira De Andrade, M. Powers, A. Rønne, P.M. Smith, T. Smith, S. Soimakallio, I. Stupak, V.M. Tafur, A.R. TaylorTrade Review'As a reference for law and policy in a much wider range of countries than just the usual three, it has notable value.' --International Energy Law ReviewTable of ContentsContents: PART I SUSTAINABILITY AND BIOFUELS 1. Environmental Risks and Opportunities of Biofuels Annette Cowie, Alan Cowie, Sampo Soimakallio and Miguel Brandáo 2. The Roles of Public and Private Governance in Promoting Sustainable Bioenergy Oskar Englund and Göran Berndes 3. Confronting the “Unproductive” Upland Discourses in Biofuels Development in the Philippines Marvin Joseph F. Montefrio PART II CRITICAL REVIEW OF REGULATORY REGIMES FOR BIOFUELS 4. Biofuels’ Legal and Political Framework in Brazil : A Critical Review Through a Sustainable Development Lens Priscila Pereira de Andrade 5. United States Law and Policy and the Biofuel Industry Kristina S. Dahmann, Lara B. Fowler and Paul M. Smith 6. Lessons from US Biofuels Policy: The Renewable Fuels Standard's Rocky Ride Melissa Powers 7. The EU Legal Regime for Biofuels Birgitte Egelund Olsen and Anita Ronne 8. Belgian and French Biofuel Support Measures in Light of Argentina’s Challenge under the WTO Subsidies Agreement Alexandre Genest 9. The Current Legal Framework on Biofuels in China Lei Guo and Frank Maes 10. Biofuel Policy in Columbia: Strong Fiscal Incentives but Weak Environmental and Social Standards Victor M. Tafur 11. Agro-fuel Law and Policy in East Africa: Assessing Avenues for Sustainability Robert Omondi Owino 12. Biofuels, GMOs and Food Security: The South African Legal and Policy Framework Odile Juliette Lim Tung PART III BIOFUELS GOVERNANCE AND THE ROLES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ACTORS 13. Unpacking the Complexities of Biofuels Policy Paul Martin and Elodie Le Gal 14. Trends in Government Incentives for Biofuels Warren E. Mabee, Lauren D. Malo and Ashton R. Taylor 15. An Industry Perspective: Government Policies to Accelerate the Development and Commercialization of Advanced Biofuels in Canada Marie-Hélène Labrie 16. Network Governance of Biofuels Jeremy de Beer 17. Private Regulation in the Bioenergy Sector Maha Mansoor, Inge Stupak and Tat Smith Index

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Book Synopsis'In summary, the book provides an interesting mix of energy topics and perspectives that appears somewhat eclectic at first glance. . . . the book is a very useful and scholarly addition to the literature on energy governance and is recommended reading for all those who need to be better informed on the challenges and some of the solutions available at the current time.'- David Grinlinton, Journal of Energy & Natural Resources LawThis timely book makes an original and in-depth contribution to the debate about how to transform our energy governance systems into ones that support a fair, safe and sustainable society. It combines perspectives from leading scholars to provide a global outlook on alternative approaches to energy governance and innovative experiences. Taken as a whole, it offers a unique overview of some of the innovative and novel ways in which law can support the shift to sustainable and equitable energy systems.The first section lays the conceptual and theoretical foundations for alternative approaches to energy governance, including its constitutional foundations, the role of human rights, and an environmentally just system that seeks universal access to energy for all. The second section showcases concrete innovative experiences in energy governance from around the globe, including smart cities, the role of the courts, energy efficiency of buildings and the harnessing of energy from waste. Finally, the authors consider the social justice dimension, discussing the exploitation of energy resources by multinational companies in developing countries and the importance of agricultural production, distribution and consumption in energy transformation. This unique overview of state-of-the-art approaches to transformation of energy governance is vital reading for policy makers and both legal and non-legal scholars concerned with energy law, sustainability and justice, and global governance.Contributors: K. Bosselmann, J. Bowie, N. Chalifour, E. Daly, T. Daya-Winterbottom, C. Derani, A. Guerry, J. Jaria I Manzano, L. Kotzé, E. Le Gal, L. Lin-Heng, M. Low, J.R. May, E.C. Okonkwo, R.L. Ottinger, C. Pappalardo, T. Parejo-Navajas, M.P. Samonte Solis, M.K. Scanlan, J. WentzTrade Review'The book brings together scholars from all over the world to address issues of energy governance and sustainability. It provides a unique insight into the nexus between theory, human rights constitutionalism, environmental justice and the practical application of energy policy and legislation ranging from energy supply, renewable energy, energy markets and financing to hydraulic fracturing and energy efficiency. The book brings perspectives from the developed and developing world and proposes recommendations on how the energy crisis can be addressed from a legal perspective. Although the book is written from a legal perspective, scholars and practitioners from other disciplines will also find the book insightful.' --Willemien Du Plessis, North-West University, South Africa'The IUCN Academy of Environmental Law has forged a global reputation as one of the leading forums for environmental law scholarship, as exemplified by this important new volume on energy governance. Professors Jaria i Manzano, Chalifour and Kotze have masterfully crafted an internationally diverse and thought-provoking account of the state of energy law and its future reform. For anyone concerned about addressing climate change, this book should be essential reading.' --Benjamin J. Richardson, University of Tasmania, Australia'Energy governance is a problem worldwide. Identification of causes, options and solutions are therefore very welcome. This book does this. It sketches the essential foundations for a sustainable energy governance, illustrated by different experiences and identifying governance gaps which have to be tackled. A job well done by the team of Jaria i Manzano, Chalifour and Kotze.' --Kurt Deketelaere, KU Leuven and Secretary-General, LERTable of ContentsContents: 1. Energy Governance — A Key Challenge in the Era of Globalization Jordi Jaria i Manzano, Nathalie J. Chalifour and Louis J. Kotzé PART I FOUNDATIONS 2. Germany’s ‘Energiewende’: What Can Environmental Law Scholarship Learn From it? Klaus Bosselmann 3. Ten Good Practices in Environmental Constitutionalism that can Contribute to Sustainable Shale Gas Development James R. May and Erin Daly 4. Human Rights versus Human Needs: Debating the Language for Universal Access to Modern Energy Services Manuel Peter Samonte Solis 5. Using Social Science Perspectives on Risk to Implement an Environmental Justice Analysis Elodie Le Gal 6. Scaling Up Local Solutions: Creating an Enabling Legal Environment for the Deployment of Community-Based Renewable Microgrids Jessica Wentz and Chiara Pappalardo 7. Innovative Financing for Renewable Energy Richard L. Ottinger and John Bowie PART II EXPERIENCES 8. Energy and Smart Cities — Perspectives from a City-State, Singapore Lye Lin-Heng and Melissa Low 9. Judicial Perspectives on Renewable Energy and Climate Change Governance Trevor Daya-Winterbottom 10. A Reflection on Some Legal Aspects of Decision Control in the Energy Transition Process: A Comparison of France and Germany Anaïs Guerry 11. Learning from Europe: Some Ideas for the Energy Improvement of the US Existing Building Stock Teresa Parejo-Navajas 12. Sustainable Sewage Melissa K. Scanlan PART III GOVERNANCE GAPS 13. Environmentally Displaced Persons in the Niger Delta: Challenges and Prospects Eloamaka Carol Okonkwo 14. Agriculture, Energy and Development: An Uneasy Relationship Cristiane Derani Index

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Book SynopsisGroundwater amounts to 97% of available global freshwater resources. Emphasising the crucial importance of this in the context of increasing population, climate change and the overall global water crisis, Francesco Sindico offers a comprehensive study of the emerging body of international law applicable to transboundary aquifers.Adopting a scenario-based approach, this much-needed book analyses a diverse set of transboundary aquifer agreements and arrangements. With just a handful of such agreements and arrangements around the world, it demonstrates how identifying a normative roadmap for countries that want to begin jointly managing a transboundary aquifer is of paramount importance. Offering an in-depth exploration into the ILC Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers, it provides insight into how this body of law is evolving, and discusses its relation to customary international law.Academics and researchers interested in international water law, environmental law and public international law more widely will find this a unique and compelling work, whilst the book’s practical approach will also make it a useful tool for transboundary aquifer professionals and wider stakeholders working in governments and public bodies dealing with water management around the world.Trade Review‘This book represents an updated and required reading for policymakers, practitioners and other stakeholders, lawyers and non-lawyers, working in the field of transboundary aquifer management, especially if one considers how few comprehensive studies on the international law of transboundary aquifers exist.’ -- Laura Movilla Pateiro, Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law‘Transboundary aquifers are increasingly being recognised as an important part of addressing the world water challenge. However, as this book artfully demonstrates, legal arrangements pertaining to this precious resource are still in their infancy. This contribution from a highly knowledgeable expert in the field offers an extremely accessible account of the existing international law relating to transboundary aquifers, and the way in which the law needs to develop in the future. The book is therefore a must read for all researchers and experts from academia, government, inter-governmental bodies, civil society and NGOs, that have an interest in deepening their understanding of the laws relating to transboundary aquifers.’ -- Alistair Rieu-Clarke, Northumbria University, UK‘This book is a welcome addition to scholarly investigations of the norms applicable to transboundary aquifers. Groundwater has an increasingly important role to play in the context of water security but its governance, domestically and particularly internationally, remains embryonic. With its practical and academic approach, this publication clearly brings to light and thoroughly explains the essential international legal rules that aquifer states need to be aware of when considering engaging in transboundary aquifer cooperation.’ -- Zaki Shubber, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, the Netherlands‘Management and regulation of groundwater is generally fragmented and poor, especially when the resource flows across state boundaries. In such cases, sovereignty prevails over cooperation, hampering protection and optimal utilization.This book provides deeper insights and critical analysis of the principles of transboundary groundwater law and the agreements and arrangements on shared aquifers, with the view of addressing the problems of sharing, management and protection. It is scrupulously researched and well-written, and is highly recommended for water lawyers, practitioners, and policy makers.’ -- Salman M. A. Salman, former Water Law Adviser, The World BankTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Transboundary Aquifers 3. The emergence of an International Law of Transboundary Aquifers 4. The normative content of the International Law of Transboundary Aquifers 5. The Future of the International Law of Transboundary Aquifers 6. Transboundary aquifer agreements and arrangements 7. Conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive volume of the Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law provides an overview of the major elements of energy law from a global perspective. Based on an in-depth analysis of the energy chain, it offers insight into the impacts of climate change and environmental issues on energy law and the energy sector. This timely reference work highlights the need for modern energy law to consider environmental impacts and promote the use of clean energy sources, whilst also safeguarding a reliable and affordable energy supply.Featuring 65 entries written by leading international scholars and practitioners in the field, the volume is organised into eight thematic parts, each focusing on a specific area of the energy sector. Topics covered include international energy cooperation, the regulation and governance of energy markets, legal regimes governing renewable energy sources, regulation of the transport and supply of energy, consumer protection, and energy savings mechanisms.Providing an authoritative analysis of key developments in this significant area of law, this volume will be an invaluable resource for researchers, academics and students. Its insights into governance and regulation in the sector will also prove useful to practitioners and policymakers.Trade Review'This impressive and ambitious volume could not be more timely. Climate change now firmly links energy and the environment, and the way in which energy law is structured will profoundly influence the effectiveness of policy responses. Written by leading experts from across the world, this is the most comprehensive examination of energy law to date that has been written with climate change and the environment in mind. As such it will be an essential reference work for lawyers and policy makers engaged in these issues.' -- Richard Macrory, University College London, UK'Eighty authors from around the world provide a comprehensive study of energy law. Their 65 entries provide clear explorations of the science and technology, commercial use, and law and regulation of energy sources and uses. Special attention is given to the environmental and social consequences of energy uses ranging from climate change to energy poverty. Scholars, practitioners and interested citizens could all find no better guide to energy's multiple roles in today's and tomorrow's world.' -- Donald Zillman, University of Maine School of Law, US'This volume is edited by a formidable set of editors who have a stellar set of authors writing for them on an encyclopedic set of topics related to the broad theme of energy law, climate and the environment. I cannot think of many scholars or practitioners unaffected by the issues covered. Many of the contributors have practical experience with their assigned topic which gives the analysis extra bite. The book is most, most useful both as a practical reference guide on the law as it stands including its history and practical interpretation, and as an analysis of how the status quo ought to be changed to address the crucial issues raised in it.' -- Geert Van Calster, KU Leuven, BelgiumTable of ContentsContents: Foreword to the Encyclopedia xviii Jamie Benidickson and Yves Le Bouthillier Foreword to Volume IX xix Michael Faure List of abbreviations xxi Introduction to Volume IX 1 Martha M Roggenkamp, Kars J de Graaf and Ruven C Fleming PART 1 GENERAL CONCEPTS IX.1 Sovereignty and jurisdiction over energy resources 9 Catherine Redgwell IX.2 Regulating the energy chain 20 Martha M Roggenkamp IX.3 The energy trilemma 31 Ruven C Fleming IX.4 Sustainable development, principles of environmental law and the energy sector 41 Kars J de Graaf and Lorenzo Squintani PART 2 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS International energy cooperation and trade IX.5 The International Atomic Energy Agency 57 Jennifer Campion IX.6 International cooperation in oil and gas: current and evolving roles of OPEC and GECF 68 Damilola S Olawuyi IX.7 The International Energy Agency 79 John Paterson and Ruven C Fleming IX.8 The Energy Charter Treaty 88 Cees Verburg IX.9 The International Renewable Energy Agency 99 Thijs Van de Graaf Regional energy cooperation and trade IX.10 The development of energy cooperation and trade in the European Union 111 Îñigo del Guayo IX.11 Energy cooperation in North America: from CUSFTA to USMCA 122 Jos. Juan González Márquez, Alastair Lucas and Diego Almeida IX.12 Energy cooperation in South America: the case of MERCOSUR 134 Lila Barrera-Hernández and Thomas Andrew O’Keefe IX.13 Energy cooperation in Asia: the case of ASEAN 145 Sufian Jusoh IX.14 Energy cooperation in Africa: the African Union vs Regional Economic Communities 156 Taciana Peão Lopes and Cheri-Leigh Young PART 3 REGULATING ENERGY MARKETS IX.15 Governance of the energy market in the European Union 169 Silke Goldberg and Anne Eckenroth IX.16 Governance of the energy markets in Canada 180 Alastair Lucas and Diego Almeida IX.17 Governance of the energy market in the United States 193 Richard Ottinger, Aaron Rudyan and Bahar Hashemolhosseini IX.18 Governance of the energy market in Australia 204 Lee Godden and Anne Kallies IX.19 Governance of the energy market in Russia 216 Sergey Seliverstov and Ivan Gudkov IX.20 Governance of the energy market in China 227 Wang Mingyuan and Gao Lailong IX.21 Frameworks for energy governance and regulation in Africa 238 Hanri Mostert, Hugo Meyer van den Berg and Bernard Kengni PART 4 REGULATING THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR Exploration and production of oil and gas IX.22 Overview of legal regimes governing exploration and production of petroleum 257 Hugo Meyer van den Berg IX.23 Protecting health, safety and the environment offshore 267 John Paterson IX.24 Decommissioning of (abandoned or disused) offshore installations 277 Constantinos Yiallourides and Greg W Gordon New developments IX.25 Reuse of offshore oil and gas infrastructure: a case study on CCS 291 Dinand Drankier and Joris Gazendam IX.26 Regulating oil and gas exploration and production in the Arctic 302 Tina Soliman Hunter IX.27 Regulating the production of shale gas and fracking 313 Leonie Reins and Allan Ingelson IX.28 Alternatives to natural gas: the legal framework on synthetic natural gas and biomethane 326 Daisy G Tempelman PART 5 REGULATING THE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION SECTOR General IX.29 Electricity production and emission standards 341 Kars J de Graaf and Lolke S Braaksma IX.30 Electricity production and greenhouse gas emissions trading 352 Edwin Woerdman and Yingying Zeng IX.31 Environmental considerations in regulating nuclear energy 363 Anthony Wetherall Renewable resources IX.32 Renewable energy sources and the impact on security of supply and dispatching 377 Fokke Elskamp IX.33 Regulating the promotion of renewable electricity consumption and production: a European Union case study 388 Olivia Woolley IX.34 Regulating the promotion of non-conventional renewable energy sources in Latin America 399 Milton Fernando Montoya Pardo and María Alejandra Garzón Albornoz Hydropower IX.35 Regulation of hydropower in the European Union 413 Henrik Bjørnebye IX.36 Regulation of hydropower in South America 424 Milton Fernando Montoya Pardo and Daniela Aguilar Abaunza Wind energy IX.37 Regulation of wind energy in the European Union 439 Romain Mauger IX.38 Regulation of wind power in China 450 Wang Mingyuan and Gao Lailong Solar energy IX.39 Regulating solar energy in the European Union 463 Michel Chatelin and Louis-Narito Harada IX.40 Regulating solar energy in Mexico 474 Jos. Juan González Márquez Biomass IX.41 Wood-based biomass and electricity in the United States: a case study in scientific and policy uncertainty 487 Blake Hudson IX.42 Promoting sustainable energy in Brazil: the role of biomass 498 Rômulo Sampaio and Patrícia Sampaio Geothermal IX.43 Regulation of electricity from geothermal heat in Iceland 511 Hilmar Gunnlaugsson IX.44 Regulation of geothermal resources for energy in New Zealand 522 Phoebe Parson New developments IX.45 Regulating offshore wind energy 535 Ceciel T Nieuwenhout IX.46 Regulating wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy 546 Theodore Nsoe Adimazoya and Meinhard Doelle PART 6 REGULATING ENERGY TRANSPORT General IX.47 Energy networks, natural monopolies and tariff regulation 563 Machiel Mulder and Edwin Woerdman IX.48 Maritime transport and the environment: energy transport by sea 573 Beatriz Martinez Romera and Catalin Gabriel Stanescu IX.49 Greening the transport sector: promoting ‘zero emissions vehicles’ in the EU and US 584 Gijs Kreeft and Dirk Kuiken Network-bound energy IX.50 Regulating the use of energy networks in liberalised markets 599 Anne Kallies IX.51 Regulating electricity network reliability 611 Dirk Kuiken IX.52 Regulating high voltage power lines: electromagnetic fields and safety 621 Catherine Banet and Astrid Skjønborg Brunt IX.53 Regulating pipeline safety 633 Mehdi Piri New developments IX.54 A legal framework for smart grids 645 Lea Diestelmeier IX.55 The regulation of microgrids 656 Donna M Attanasio IX.56 Developing an offshore electricity grid: European and US approaches 668 Ceciel T Nieuwenhout and Hannah K Müller IX.57 Developing a regulatory framework for electricity storage 679 Gijs Kreeft and Romain Mauger PART 7 REGULATING ACCESS TO ENERGY AND PROTECTING ENERGY CONSUMERS Energy supply and consumption IX.58 Energy poverty and household access to energy services in international, regional and national law 695 Marlies Hesselman IX.59 Protecting energy consumers from the bankruptcies of energy supply companies 707 René van ’t Hoft IX.60 Protecting energy consumers via tariff regulation 717 James M Van Nostrand New developments IX.61 Regulating residential prosumers 729 Lea Diestelmeier PART 8 REGULATING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SAVINGS IX.62 Regulating energy efficiency in the European Union 741 Martha M Roggenkamp IX.63 Energy efficiency at energy production level: promoting combined heat and power 753 Maciej M Sokołowski IX.64 The role of demand-response mechanisms in promoting energy efficiency 764 LeRoy Paddock IX.65 Energy efficiency at the consumer level in the United States 776 LeRoy Paddock and Deepti Bansal Index 789

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book explores the legal character of petroleum licences, a key vehicle governing the relationship between oil companies and their host states. Examining the issue through the lens of legal culture, it illustrates why some jurisdictions exert strong state control and others only minimal.Critically investigating the nature of a petroleum licence, the book analyses whether it is a mere administrative right, a contract or something more akin to property rights. Chapters examine recent developments, such as the UK's strategy of maximizing economic recovery and the opposition to drilling for oil in Norway and Australia. Outside of Western petroleum jurisdictions, the book also explores several long-established jurisdictions including Russia and Mexico, as well as emerging jurisdictions, such as China and Uganda. Taking a contextual and system-oriented approach, it reveals the preconditions of the petroleum licence regime and offers a critical insight into the reasons behind alterations to the terms of the licences.Encompassing a wide variety of legal cultures and experiences, this thought-provoking book will prove to be a valuable resource for academics and students of energy law, particularly those with an interest in state regulation. It will also provide useful insights for industry-based practitioners.Table of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements viii 1 Introduction 1 Jørn Øyrehagen Sunde and Tina Soliman Hunter 2 Characterisation of Australia’s petroleum licences: property capable of acquisition on ‘just terms’? 16 Tina Soliman Hunter 3 The legal character of petroleum licences in the United States of America 51 John Lowe 4 The legal character of petroleum licences in Canada 72 Nigel Bankes 5 The legal character of petroleum licences in Uganda 95 Emmanuel Kasimbazi 6 Petroleum licences – a legal culture perspective: the United Kingdom 119 Greg Gordon and John Paterson 7 Oil and gas licences – a legal nature perspective: the Netherlands 139 Martha Roggenkamp 8 Legal character of petroleum licences under Norwegian law 159 Ernst Nordtveit 9 Russia: legal culture and character of Russian petroleum licences 186 Irina Fodchenko 10 The Mexican petroleum licence of 2013 207 Guillermo J. Garcia Sanchez 11 The legal character of petroleum licences in the People’s Republic of China 234 Yong Li 12 Afterword: Licence rights – what’s left? 253 Terence Daintith Index

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Book SynopsisWhat does the future hold for oil and gas, what can we learn from the past and what role does law have to play in this? Using a unique temporal lens, this Research Handbook examines core themes in oil and gas regulation from historical, contemporary and forward-looking perspectives.Structured in three distinct parts, this Research Handbook begins by detailing the past dominance of oil, charting the role and influence of legal instruments and regulatory regimes governing petroleum. Using a diverse range of case study perspectives over several jurisdictions, the Research Handbook then turns to oil and gas in the modern world, with critical discussion of current petroleum legal regimes. It concludes with a series of forward-looking chapters that consider the future challenges and opportunities for oil and gas, and how petroleum-dependent states can both regulate and facilitate the age of energy transition.Surveying the technological shifts of the oil and gas sector through time, this comprehensive Research Handbook will prove an invigorating read for scholars and students of energy and natural resource law disciplines. Its discussion of emerging technologies and community impact will prove particularly useful to regulators, policymakers, corporations and legal practitioners concerned with the future of energy.Trade Review‘Soliman Hunter and Taylor bring together a fine group of legal specialists and practitioners to explore the past, present and future of oil and gas. As the world transitions towards a low carbon future, this is a very timely and important research volume on energy markets, governance and regulatory regimes.’ -- Andreas Goldthau, University of Erfurt and Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Germany‘An indispensable work for understanding national and international approaches to oil and gas regulations, and the relevant challenges in an era of energy transition.’ -- Carlos Bernal, Member of CENRIT and Commissioner at the Inter-American Human Rights CommissionTable of ContentsContents: PART I THE PAST – THE DOMINANCE OF OIL 1 Historical perspectives on the global petroleum economy 2 Tina Soliman Hunter 2 The role and influence of oil concessions on the oil and gas industry 33 Janan Gibbins 3 The ‘move’ offshore: The progressive development of international law in relation to the access to, and control of, offshore oil and gas resources 52 Nikolaos Koulouris and Tina Soliman Hunter 4 Development of regulatory regimes for offshore petroleum exploitation: The ‘North American’ and ‘North Sea’ perspectives 65 Tina Soliman Hunter PART II THE PRESENT: OIL AND GAS IN THE MODERN WORLD 5 The role of law in petroleum resource governance and predicting the natural resource paradox in Africa 90 Eddy Lenusira Wifa and Mostafa Elshazly 6 Asian liquified natural gas markets: The tomorrow will look very different from yesterday 115 Kim Talus 7 Hydrocarbon activities on indigenous land: Substantive and procedural rights 130 Rachael Lorna Johnstone and Emma Wilson 8 The Energy Charter Treaty as a legal instrument for oil and gas disputes 158 Moritz Wüstenberg and Tina Soliman Hunter 9 Oil and gas in Latin America: Recent development on the policy and regulation and future perspectives 175 Juan Felipe Neira, Carlos Bellorin, Ernesto Beltrán Nishizaki, Antero Alvarado and Laura Camila Ramos 10 The shale gas revolution—the United States’ perspective 195 Hannah J. Wiseman 11 An unconventional evolution: Addressing and regulating socio-legal issues associated with the development of shale gas and coal seam gas resources in selected jurisdictions 219 Madeline Taylor 12 Changing perspectives on production sharing contracts 246 Ahad Al Yahyai 13 International and supranational aspects of oil and gas law and its impact on national autonomy over petroleum development 290 Ernst Nordtveit and Tina Soliman Hunter 14 The regulatory aspects of managing contamination from oil and gas facilities during the offshore decommissioning process 320 Elizabeth J Brandon 15 Emerging technologies in oil and gas development: regulatory and policy perspectives 344 Tina Soliman Hunter, Madeline Taylor and Niloufer Selvadurai 16 Future security of Russia’s fuel and energy complex: The dominance of the Arctic 372 Dmitriy A. Medvedev and Tina Soliman Hunter 17 Maritime boundaries and cooperation over straddling seabed resources in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea 388 Constantinos Yiallourides 18 Conclusion: Energy transition in an oil and gas dependent world 409 Madeline Taylor and Tina Soliman Hunter Index

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Book SynopsisThe centrality of natural resources to global economic growth has placed the debate over their ownership and control at the forefront of legal, territorial and political disputes. Combining both legal and policy expertise with academic and practitioner perspectives this book considers the dimensions of natural resource governance at a time when disputes over their use grow more acute. Focusing on the law, regulation and governance of natural resources, this timely work examines in detail the conflicts and contradictions arising at the intersection between international economic law, sustainable development and other areas of international law, most notably human rights law and environmental law. Exploring the views of different stakeholder groups in the natural resources sectors, key chapters consider whether their differing interests and concerns are adequately addressed under national and international law. This book will appeal to scholars of law, political science and development studies. It will also benefit policy practitioners and advocacy specialists in development NGOs, research institutes and international organisations.Contributors include: S. Adelman, J.P. Bohoslavsky, C. Buggenhoudt, L. Cotula, D. Davitti, J. Faundez, J. Justo, L. Martin, J. McEldowney, S. McEldowney, C. Ochoa, D. Ong, M. Picq, F. Smith, C. Tan, J. Van Alstine, E. WilsonTrade Review'The editors are to be congratulated on a timely and thought-provoking collection of essays that reappraise the international legal and political framework for natural resource governance and its impact on sustainable development.' --Mary Footer, University of Nottingham School of Law, UK'This is an innovative and intellectually enriching collection of essays on a very topical subject. The contributors present critical analysis and original approaches to interaction and tensions in various areas of international law, also addressing the legal questions arising from its fragmentation, a topic debated by the International Law Commission. Providing a fascinating insight into the workings of international law within various sectors of activities in developing countries and the tensions arising therefrom, such as between investors and local communities in natural resources projects, this book is a very rich source of knowledge. It is highly recommended for both practitioners and scholars.' --Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Queen Mary University of London, UK'This collection of essays on natural resources and sustainable development shines a light on the many vistas of the topic. While each chapter brings a refreshing review of extant literature on the specific area of enquiry, the indepth analysis of particular jurisdictions or industries makes for a better understanding of the issues at stake. In some cases new ground is broken where the authors debunk old ideas. Manuela Lavinas Picq's chapter on ''situating the amazon in world politics'' is a good example. After reading it, one is not likely to view the Amazon in the same way again. I recommend this book to scholars and practitioners alike.' --Victor Essien, International Journal of Legal InformationTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction Celine Tan and Julio Faundez 2. Investment Treaties, Natural Resources and Regulatory Space: Technical Issues and Political Choice in International Investment Law Lorenzo Cotula 3. Risky Business: Political Risk Insurance and the Law and Governance of Natural Resources Celine Tan 4. The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative in Africa: Overcoming the Resource Curse and Promoting Sustainable Development Emma Wilson and James van Alstine 5. BITs, State Regulation and Business-Related Human Rights Violations in Water and Sanitation Services Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky, Liber Martin and Juan Justo 6. Away from the Spotlight: Foreign Investment in the Afghan Extractive Sector and the State’s Duty to Protect the Right to Water Daria Davitti 7. The Governance of Natural Resources in Latin America: The Commodities Consensus and the Policy Space Conundrum Julio Faundez 8. Generating Conflict: Gold, Water and Vulnerable Communities in the Colombian Highlands Christiana Ochoa 9. Situating the Amazon in World Politics Manuela Lavinas Picq 10. Tropical Forests, Climate Change and Neoliberal Environmental Governmentality Sam Adelman 11. The Role of Law in the Economy and in Regulating Natural Resources and Environmental Protection in China John McEldowney 12. Natural Resources and Global Value Chains: What Role for the WTO? Fiona Smith 13. Sustainable Chemical Regulation in a Global Environment Sharron McEldowney 14. Litigation Against Multinational Oil Companies in Their Home State Jurisdictions: An Alternative Legal Response to Pollution Damage in Foreign Jurisdictions David Ong 15. The Public Interest in International Investment Arbitration on Natural Resources Claire Buggenhoudt Index

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Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas.This clear and concise book provides an overview of how laws and policies around the world are designed to support and accelerate the growth of renewable energy. Throughout, Professor Eisen focuses on how national and sub-national governments have responded to the revolutionary transformation of the world's energy system by developing and implementing support programs for renewable energy.Key features include: Global coverage of the ways in which laws and policies are guiding countries and regions to transitioning to renewable energy Detailed chapters highlighting all of the important regulatory, financial, and technological aspects of renewable energy development Critical insights designed to spotlight on-going challenges and spark discussions about policy development. Intended to serve both as a comprehensive introduction to this vast subject and to prompt readers to inquire further into the specific laws of individual nations, this Advanced Introduction will be beneficial for students, academics, and policymakers interested in the complex legal landscape governing renewable energy.Trade Review‘The transition to a low carbon energy future is not going to be easy or linear. And there is a scarcity of skilled legal professionals who understand the multidisciplinary nature of emerging energy law, especially renewable energy law. . . Law schools and public policy schools can look to bridge this gap and in those efforts, this book would be an essential teaching aid. The book is easy-to-read, provides real world examples and is well referenced, making it an excellent resource for students and practitioners alike.’ -- Bharat Jairaj, LEAD Journal‘This is a unique and highly impressive overview on contemporary problems of renewable energy. It strikes a very good balance between highlighting general questions and developments in a clear and systematic manner and giving concrete examples from all over the world.’ -- Michael Fehling, Bucerius Law School, Germany'This is an unique and highly impressive overview on contemporary problems of renewable energy. It strikes a very good balance between highlighting general questions and developments -- in a clear and systematic manner and giving concrete examples from all over the world.'– Michael Fehling, Bucerius Law School, Germany'Solar, wind, and other renewables are leading the charge toward a cleaner, climate-friendly energy economy. In this excellent book, Professor Eisen shares his considerable expertise across a wide range of renewable energy technologies, jurisdictions, and policies. The result is a treasure trove of practically relevant information for anyone, with and without prior legal training, looking to join the clean tech revolution.' -- Felix Mormann, Texas A&M University School of Law, US'As the clean energy transition accelerates, decision makers in government and the private sector alike realize they need to understand - quickly - the complex legal environment for renewable energy. Professor Joel Eisen - internationally known for his insightful and forward-thinking energy law scholarship - provides just the kind of clear, accessible primer that’s needed, without oversimplification. It is an excellent introduction for anyone new to the field of renewable energy.' -- Uma Outka, University of Kansas School of Law, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction to laws and policies affecting renewable energy 2. Renewable energy resources 3. Governmental support policies for renewable energy 4. National electricity regulatory systems affecting renewable energy projects 5. Sub-national utility regulation and policies affecting renewable energy 6. Finance of renewable energy projects 7. Systems promoting voluntary adoption of renewable energy 8. Other legal and regulatory systems with impacts on renewable energy development 9. Carbon pricing; conclusion and directions for further policy development Index

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Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas.This clear and concise book provides an overview of how laws and policies around the world are designed to support and accelerate the growth of renewable energy. Throughout, Professor Eisen focuses on how national and sub-national governments have responded to the revolutionary transformation of the world's energy system by developing and implementing support programs for renewable energy.Key features include: Global coverage of the ways in which laws and policies are guiding countries and regions to transitioning to renewable energy Detailed chapters highlighting all of the important regulatory, financial, and technological aspects of renewable energy development Critical insights designed to spotlight on-going challenges and spark discussions about policy development. Intended to serve both as a comprehensive introduction to this vast subject and to prompt readers to inquire further into the specific laws of individual nations, this Advanced Introduction will be beneficial for students, academics, and policymakers interested in the complex legal landscape governing renewable energy.Trade Review‘The transition to a low carbon energy future is not going to be easy or linear. And there is a scarcity of skilled legal professionals who understand the multidisciplinary nature of emerging energy law, especially renewable energy law. . . Law schools and public policy schools can look to bridge this gap and in those efforts, this book would be an essential teaching aid. The book is easy-to-read, provides real world examples and is well referenced, making it an excellent resource for students and practitioners alike.’ -- Bharat Jairaj, LEAD Journal‘This is a unique and highly impressive overview on contemporary problems of renewable energy. It strikes a very good balance between highlighting general questions and developments in a clear and systematic manner and giving concrete examples from all over the world.’ -- Michael Fehling, Bucerius Law School, Germany'This is an unique and highly impressive overview on contemporary problems of renewable energy. It strikes a very good balance between highlighting general questions and developments -- in a clear and systematic manner and giving concrete examples from all over the world.'– Michael Fehling, Bucerius Law School, Germany'Solar, wind, and other renewables are leading the charge toward a cleaner, climate-friendly energy economy. In this excellent book, Professor Eisen shares his considerable expertise across a wide range of renewable energy technologies, jurisdictions, and policies. The result is a treasure trove of practically relevant information for anyone, with and without prior legal training, looking to join the clean tech revolution.' -- Felix Mormann, Texas A&M University School of Law, US'As the clean energy transition accelerates, decision makers in government and the private sector alike realize they need to understand - quickly - the complex legal environment for renewable energy. Professor Joel Eisen - internationally known for his insightful and forward-thinking energy law scholarship - provides just the kind of clear, accessible primer that’s needed, without oversimplification. It is an excellent introduction for anyone new to the field of renewable energy.' -- Uma Outka, University of Kansas School of Law, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction to laws and policies affecting renewable energy 2. Renewable energy resources 3. Governmental support policies for renewable energy 4. National electricity regulatory systems affecting renewable energy projects 5. Sub-national utility regulation and policies affecting renewable energy 6. Finance of renewable energy projects 7. Systems promoting voluntary adoption of renewable energy 8. Other legal and regulatory systems with impacts on renewable energy development 9. Carbon pricing; conclusion and directions for further policy development Index

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive book addresses both the principles and practicalities of petroleum unitization by mapping out the evolution of and rationale for unitization in legislation and by providing much-needed guidance on the formulation of a legislative framework for effective regulatory governance of the unitization process. Drawing on his own extensive experience of the global petroleum industry and his insights into petroleum unitization in some 90 jurisdictions worldwide, Paul F. Worthington discusses the key elements of legislation for incorporation into petroleum unitization statutes, implementing regulations and production contracts. He provides a basis for legal drafting at all levels of this tripartite legislative framework as well as guidelines for compliance with good international petroleum practice. The Law on Petroleum Unitization: Legislating for Effective Regulatory Governance will prove essential reading for legal practitioners working in government ministries with a responsibility for energy affairs as well as for energy regulators, energy companies and those legal firms who provide unitization advice. Petroleum consultancies, negotiators and energy policy advisers within professional bodies and academia will also benefit from this book's thorough and incisive treatment of the subject matter. Trade Review'Paul F. Worthington's extensive research has produced this important work about unitization. The book's greatest virtue is in pulling together the unitization rules of 90 countries, analyzing them in a methodological manner and proposing recommendations to improve this complex and relevant process. Worthington's work presents itself as an important reference for scholars, policy analysts, oil and gas lawyers, and especially regulators who are charged with drafting unitization rules.' --Luciana Braga, Université Grenoble Alpes, France'This book offers an insightful analysis of the diversity of tripartite legal frameworks (statutes, regulations, and contract provisions) used today to promote the unitization of petroleum reservoirs around the world. Written by a geoscientist with experience in many unitization negotiations, Paul F. Worthington's research finds where gaps in the legal framework, mismatched terms among the three framework levels, and overly prescriptive provisions at some levels can hinder the maximum recovery of petroleum today. He concludes by offering a useful template of key factors that ideally should be found in a country's tripartite legal regime for unitization.' --Jacqueline L. Weaver, University of Houston Law Center, US'A meticulously researched and well written volume that considers the law relating to unitization agreements in both developing and developed jurisdictions. Providing both a historical perspective of the concept of unitization as well as a consideration of contemporary unitization agreements, this book is an essential tool for anyone who works in the area of petroleum contracts and initiation. An invaluable read!' --Tina Soliman Hunter, University of Aberdeen, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Evolution of legislation relating to shared fluid resources 3. Unitization 4. Current status of unitization legislation 5. Collation of pertinent legislation 6. Analysis of selected unitization legislations 7. Detailed case histories 8. Recommendations for improved legislation for unitization 9. Implementation of recommendations Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisElgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary.This timely Research Agenda provides imaginative solutions to existing and emerging challenges for the study, application, and development of water law. It argues for a dynamic approach to water law, anticipating how water and its relationship to humanity will shift due to climate change, modern societal norms and values, and technological innovation.Bringing together leading experts and rising new voices, this Research Agenda analyses local, national, and international water law. It explores the pressing issues of today and tomorrow, and identifies areas for further research to ensure legal regimes can respond to future challenges for water provision. Contributors consider the legal personhood of rivers, water quality, international basins, water markets, and the role of indigenous groups in water management. Ultimately, this Research Agenda provides a portfolio of options for responding to the uncertain natural, social, and political future of water.Providing a cutting-edge overview of the challenges facing water law locally, nationally, and internationally, A Research Agenda for Water Law will be a valuable resource for scholars of water law, environmental law, and public international law. It will also be essential reading for policy-makers seeking to build future-facing water law regimes.Trade Review‘Casado Pérez and Larson have created the single best resource for understanding the potential trajectories of water law in the 21st century. From climate change to water markets, from smart cities to legal personhood for rivers and many more topics, leading scholars from around the globe identify the key challenges to water management and paths forward. If you want to understand the breadth of cutting-edge water law topics, read this book.’ -- James Salzman, University of California, Los Angeles, US‘The authors and editorial team led by Professors Vanessa Casado Pérez and Rhett Larson have given readers an outstanding Research Agenda for water law. Based on the team’s wide-ranging expertise, leading colleagues have raised vexing questions to set a research agenda for the resource that is fundamental to life, water. This work has value for students, academics, and practitioners.’ -- Melissa K. Scanlan, Center for Water Policy, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, US‘The evolution of domestic and international water law—particularly in a rapidly changing climate—demands universal attention. This astute group of scholars anticipates and dissects most of the key issues requiring water law adaptation in the coming decades. An important guide for water law and policy experts everywhere.’ -- Robert W. Adler, University of Utah, USTable of ContentsContents: 1 Introduction to A Research Agenda for Water Law 1 Vanessa Casado Pérez and Rhett Larson 2 “Giant Steps”: How Technology is Shaping International Water Law 9 Makane Moïse Mbengue and Elena Cima 3 Ensuring Water Security in Brahmaputra Basin: Shift from Conflict to Cooperation 33 Abhishek Chakravarty 4 The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and Water Law in Africa 59 John Mukum Mbaku 5 Regulatory Journey towards Biological Indicators in Assessing Water Quality 89 Aleksandra Čavoški and Robert Lee 6 Repairing our relationship with rivers: water law and legal personhood 113 Erin O’Donnell 7 The Concept of Water for Indigenous People in Ecuador – How it is Regulated in the Water Law Regime 139 Andrés Martínez-Moscoso and Israel Castro-Enríquez 8 International Water Law and Climate Change 157 Mara Tignino and Tadesse Kebebew 9 Water Law and Municipal Water 185 Alberto Quintavalla 10 Remembering the Ocean in Water Law 205 Robin Kundis Craig 11 Water Markets Agonistes 237 Barton H. Thompson, Jr Conclusions: a research agenda for the water law of the future 267 Vanessa Casado Pérez and Rhett Larson Index 273

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Book SynopsisAdopting a holistic and multidisciplinary approach, this expertly crafted book comprehensively maps out the complex multi-jurisdictional legal landscape pertaining to the EU’s circular energy system. Offering in-depth critical analysis, it identifies several areas of law and policy that require further scholarly inquiry to ensure the creation of an effective policy framework which can facilitate the move from a linear to a circular energy system.In three thematic sections, the expert contributors first examine the interactions between EU law and policy for waste, agriculture, food and forestry. Focus is then drawn to how, when, and by whom the energy sources created from biowaste can become part of the EU’s energy mix. A range of legal instruments that impact the financing of the circular energy system through taxation, EU financing, and state aid are also considered. The book concludes by reflecting on inefficiencies and ineffectiveness caused by these interactions of legal and policy areas related to the circular energy system.This insightful and progressive book will be of great interest to practitioners and policymakers looking to better understand the legal complexities of implementing a circular energy system. It will also prove an essential read for scholars and students interested in environmental law, energy law, European law, and affordable and clean energy studies.Trade Review‘This excellent edited collection makes an important contribution to legal scholarship on making energy supplies sustainable. Its exploration of relationships between the waste, agriculture, food and forestry sectors and the energy sector, of their respective regulatory frameworks, and of related policy and legal contexts shines a light on key interactions for achieving circular economies in the EU and elsewhere. Coverage of legal issues raised by the integration of biofuels and biogases into energy systems and concerning the decarbonisation of heating and transport is also most welcome. The volume's examination of these hitherto underexplored areas will prove useful for scholars both in the EU and also in other jurisdictions who are looking to learn from the EU's experience with developing laws for managing waste streams and exploiting their energy-producing potential. The editors are to be commended for assembling this valuable volume.’ -- Olivia Woolley, Durham University Law School, UK‘This is an impressive book detailing a range of contemporary problems and potential solutions from a cross-sectoral perspective in the paradigm shift from a linear to a circular energy system. By adopting an energy systems perspective, this edited collection provides a much-needed contribution analysing the complex legal and regulatory environment for biofuels and gases in the European Union and their interrelationship.’ -- Sirja-Leena Penttinen, Energy Authority, and UEF Law School, Finland‘Lucila de Almeida and Josephine van Zeben have assembled a top-notch roster of experts to consider EU policies regarding the circular energy system. The result is not just an essential guide to this emerging field, but also a nuanced account of law's role in effecting systemic reform.’ -- Bruce Huber, University of Notre Dame, USTable of ContentsContents: 1 The EU’s circular energy system and the Green Deal 1 Lucila de Almeida and Josephine van Zeben PART I FROM WASTE TO BIOFUELS AND BIOGAS 2 Waste in the circular energy system 17 Geert van Calster 3 Agricultural waste to biofuel and biogas: law and policy 28 Mirta Alessandrini, Edwin Alblas, and Lin Batten 4 Food waste to biogas and biofuel: law and policy 49 Madhura Rao, Aalt Bast, and Alie de Boer 5 Forestry waste to biofuel and biogas: law and policy 70 Elisa Cavallin PART II THE USE OF BIOFUEL AND BIOGAS IN THE CIRCULAR ENERGY SYSTEM 6 From gas to biogas from biowaste: heating, power generation, and cogeneration 103 Maciej M Sokołowski 7 Sustainable biofuels and gaseous biomass fuels from biowaste in the EU transport sector 129 Piero Carlo dos Reis, Phillip Lugmayr, and Benjamin Gomado 8 Methane emission in a circular economy 160 Maria Olczak and Andris Piebalgs PART III CROSS-SECTORAL ISSUES 9 The Energy Tax Directive reform 182 Álvaro Antón Antón 10 EU law and policy shaping supranational and national investment in biofuel and biogas transition 205 Agnieszka Smoleńska 11 Energy State aid 226 Allard Knook 12 Renewable support schemes and Guarantees of Origin applied to renewable energy regulation 239 Alberto Pototschnig and Ilaria Conti 13 The (in)coherence–(in)effectiveness nexus of the EU’s circular energy system 261 Lucila de Almeida and Josephine van Zeben Index 269

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Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive policy issues associated with discrete subject areas.This Advanced Introduction to International Water Law provides an overview of the key international rules, principles and institutions involved in the use and protection of shared international freshwater resources.Incisive and comprehensive, this book explores the core principles and key developments in international water law. Chapters examine the emergence of the ecosystem approach to transboundary water management; the phenomenon of convergence, by which international water law borrows from (and contributes to) other fields of international law; and the emergence of the UN Sustainable Development Goals as a global driver for implementation of a universally accepted sustainable development framework for shared international water resources.Key Features: Summarises established practices in the field of transboundary water cooperation Deftly explores the evolving objectives of international water law and the key drivers affecting these changes Highlights procedural engagement and institutional cooperation as an integral requirement of international water law Examines the necessity of related fields of international law when managing shared international water resources This authoritative Advanced Introduction will be a crucial read for legal scholars and students working in the fields of international water; environmental, climate and natural resources law; environmental politics; international relations; water resources management and development studies. It will also benefit governmental and intergovernmental officials employed by relevant national ministries and international organisations.Trade Review‘Owen McIntyre's book provides a detailed analysis of the evolution of international water law over the past decades, illuminating the complexities surrounding the management and protection of water resources. It represents a valuable guide for academics and practitioners interested in international water law and the sustainable governance of shared natural resources.’ -- Mara Tignino, University of Geneva, Switzerland‘By providing an artful and comprehensive introduction to an area of international law that is only likely to become more critical in the years to come, Advanced Introduction to International Water Law is a valuable contribution. Professor Owen McIntyre, a leading authority in this area, is to be commended for providing such an accessible account of this fast-evolving area of international law.’ -- Alistair Rieu-Clarke, Northumbria University, UK‘In his typical eloquent style Professor McIntyre provides an accessible introduction to international water law. The book presents the latest trends in this field and explores the important questions of equity, fragmentation and convergence. For anyone interested in international water law and how it fits into the broader development context and contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, this is the book to read.’ -- Christina Leb, The World Bank

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Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world’s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive policy issues associated with discrete subject areas.This Advanced Introduction to International Water Law provides an overview of the key international rules, principles and institutions involved in the use and protection of shared international freshwater resources.Incisive and comprehensive, this book explores the core principles and key developments in international water law. Chapters examine the emergence of the ecosystem approach to transboundary water management; the phenomenon of convergence, by which international water law borrows from (and contributes to) other fields of international law; and the emergence of the UN Sustainable Development Goals as a global driver for implementation of a universally accepted sustainable development framework for shared international water resources.Key Features: Summarises established practices in the field of transboundary water cooperation Deftly explores the evolving objectives of international water law and the key drivers affecting these changes Highlights procedural engagement and institutional cooperation as an integral requirement of international water law Examines the necessity of related fields of international law when managing shared international water resources This authoritative Advanced Introduction will be a crucial read for legal scholars and students working in the fields of international water; environmental, climate and natural resources law; environmental politics; international relations; water resources management and development studies. It will also benefit governmental and intergovernmental officials employed by relevant national ministries and international organisations.Trade Review‘Owen McIntyre's book provides a detailed analysis of the evolution of international water law over the past decades, illuminating the complexities surrounding the management and protection of water resources. It represents a valuable guide for academics and practitioners interested in international water law and the sustainable governance of shared natural resources.’ -- Mara Tignino, University of Geneva, Switzerland‘By providing an artful and comprehensive introduction to an area of international law that is only likely to become more critical in the years to come, Advanced Introduction to International Water Law is a valuable contribution. Professor Owen McIntyre, a leading authority in this area, is to be commended for providing such an accessible account of this fast-evolving area of international law.’ -- Alistair Rieu-Clarke, Northumbria University, UK‘In his typical eloquent style Professor McIntyre provides an accessible introduction to international water law. The book presents the latest trends in this field and explores the important questions of equity, fragmentation and convergence. For anyone interested in international water law and how it fits into the broader development context and contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, this is the book to read.’ -- Christina Leb, The World Bank

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Book SynopsisThis incisive book examines the interaction between international climate law and international trade law for the promotion of renewable energy. Alessandro Monti utilizes the emerging principle of mutual supportiveness to inform and guide his analysis of the specific interactions between climate and trade law in the renewable energy sector.The book makes a meaningful contribution to the literature within public international law, engaging with scholarly discourse on the fragmentation of international law and providing an in-depth analysis of the theoretical context against which the principle of mutual supportiveness is emerging. Chapters examine the WTO jurisprudence on renewable energy subsidies, propose specific solutions to improve the alignment between climate and trade law, and build a case for the development of climate-friendly trade policies. Taking account of the multifaceted interactions between international climate and trade law, Monti highlights the implications of trade disputes on renewable energy and the promotion of climate objectives.Addressing the specialized legal regimes of both climate and trade law, Promoting Renewable Energy will prove a valuable resource to students and scholars of environmental, trade, and energy law. International policy officers, legal practitioners and NGOs working on climate, trade and energy policies will also benefit from its examination of relevant legal frameworks.Trade Review‘Alessandro Monti’s Promoting Renewable Energy takes us to the center of the battle to address climate change – the policy push to establish a renewable energy economy. With deep insight and careful analysis of how international trade law intersects with the global climate change regime, Professor Monti lays out a principle of “mutual supportiveness” that might reduce trade disputes related to clean energy and pave the way for success in achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Essential reading for trade and climate change policymakers, lawyers, scholars, and all those who care about a sustainable future.’ -- Dan Esty, Yale University, US‘The transition to net zero requires action from all sorts of international institutions, including international trade law. Alessandro Monti’s timely account of trade law’s role in promoting renewable energy offers a rich analysis of the extent to which climate and trade rules can be considered mutually supportive, and offers clear suggestions for reform.’ -- Harro van Asselt, University of Eastern Finland Law School, FinlandTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction to Promoting Renewable Energy: The Mutual Supportiveness of Climate and Trade Law 2. Regime interaction and the emerging principle of mutual supportiveness 3. International climate and trade law: mapping the regimes 4. The promotion of renewable energy in climate and trade law 5. International trade disputes on discriminatory renewable energy subsidies 6. International trade disputes on unilateral trade remedies 7. Enhancing mutual supportiveness in international trade agreements: opportunities and challenges 8. Conclusions References. Index

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Book SynopsisA Research Agenda for International Energy Law offers a novel exploration into the future direction of research in international energy law, highlighting contemporary themes such as competition for investments, and fair and equitable access to energy.

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Book SynopsisGreenhouse gas concentrations are rapidly increasing and pathways to limit global warming require fundamental economic transitions. Green Deals in the Making addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of Green Deals, in particular the use of market-based instruments.Expert contributors shed light on the complexities arising for the implementation of Green Deals in times of the context of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, which puts considerable strains on national economies. Chapters present theory and empirical analysis of green pricing instruments and national experiences, assessing the critical issue of finance and recycling carbon tax revenue. The book concludes with an analysis of key issues relating to circular economy considerations and plastics in achieving Green Deal goals. A critical analysis of important topics is presented including green fiscal reform, carbon taxation and sustainable urbanism.This timely book will be of great interest to researchers, students and scholars interested in environmental policy, tax and law, as well as the industry sector, policy makers and government officials.Trade Review‘This volume of Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation collects some very instructive chapters highlighting the opportunities for implementing Green Deals. The authors cover a wide aspect of the prevailing challenges by analysing national experiences from all over the world. A special focus is given to different market-based instrument schemes applied in Europe.’ -- Stefan Ulrich Speck, European Environment Agency, DenmarkTable of ContentsContents: Preface xi PART I GREEN DEALS AND COVID-19 RECOVERY 1 Environmental taxation from a European Union perspective, after the Covid-19 crisis 2 Alberto Comelli 2 Environmental and energy taxation in the context of the EU Green Deal and the recovery plan: the case of Spain 14 Álvaro Antón Antón PART II GREEN DEALS – CARBON PRICING INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIENCES 3 Abatement in the EU ETS – evidence from Austria 29 Claudia Kettner and Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig 4 Implementing green deals in developing countries: the case of the Mexican pilot emissions trading scheme 46 Bahareh Ghafouri, Joseph Dellatte and Sven Rudolph 5 Environmental neutrality: redesigning EU VAT neutrality to support the implementation of the European Green Deal 62 Francesco Cannas and Matteo Fermeglia 6 Possibilities for a green fiscal reform in Brazil 80 Maria Carolina Maldonado Mendonça Kraljevic 7 A review of recent experiences with carbon taxation and revenue recycling – lessons for implementation in Eastern European countries 96 Mikael Skou Andersen 8 Sustainable urbanism, land value taxation and green deals 112 Paulo Carvalho PART III FINANCING GREEN DEALS 9 Green finance: contribution to climate policy, supporting factors and barriers 127 Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig and Angela Köppl 10 Greening South Africa’s economy through carbon tax revenue recycling 141 Ashley Baldwin and Lee-Ann Steenkamp PART IV GREEN DEALS: CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND PLASTICS 11 An analysis of the Brazilian experience of plastic recycling taxation 158 Lucas N. Holanda 12 Plastic free but no free trade? 170 Rodolfo Salassa Boix 13 Are plastic taxes environmental or fiscal measures? A legal analysis of the Italian and Spanish cases under the circular economy strategy 185 Marta Villaz Ezcurra and Marina Bisogno Index

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Book SynopsisThis Research Handbook offers crucial ethical perspectives on navigating the increasingly complex and contested landscape of contemporary energy law. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, it brings together diverse scholarship and expertise from academia, international organizations, legal practice and the judiciary to address wide-ranging issues linking energy and law to ethical drivers such as wealth, peace and war, development, climate change, and use and abuse of natural resources.The Handbook investigates first the governing dynamics of energy, law and ethics, providing a conceptual overview of key topics. It then examines the ethics of financing energy projects, renewable energy transition and climate change mitigation. The final part is a case study of energy, law and ethics in practice. Throughout, the Handbook draws on the vital underlying theme of intergenerational equity, offering a toolbox of arguments for framing the law and policies that will shape the future of the planet.The Research Handbook on Energy, Law and Ethics will be an essential resource for scholars and practitioners working in all areas of energy law, particularly its intersections with climate change, renewable energy transition and environmental justice. Negotiators and policymakers will also find its delineation of current debates and reference to practical experience invaluable.Table of ContentsContents: Foreword: In search of radical hope xi Acknowledgements xiii Introduction to Research Handbook on Energy, Law and Ethics 1 Malik R. Dahlan, Rosa M. Lastra and Gustavo Rochette PART I GOVERNING DYNAMICS OF ENERGY, LAW AND ETHICS 1 The decade of the energy transition 8 Howard Covington 2 Distributive justice and the global governance of energy 15 Arthur Feitosa and Jorge E. Viñuales 3 Moral drivers and lenses: Policy, economy, faith and climate change 28 Michael G. Pollitt 4 Energy between justice and ethics: A re-classification of theoretical lenses for a forward-looking epistemology 43 Malik R. Dahlan and Gustavo Rochette 5 Energy law and geopolitics: Oil and the struggle for the Middle East 59 Malik R. Dahlan 6 Climate change and ethics 96 James Dallas 7 The emergence of ethics in global climate litigation 110 Michael B. Gerrard PART II ETHICS, FINANCE AND INVESTMENT 8 Introductory comments: Ethical finance? 124 Rosa M. Lastra and Michael Tsang 9 Finance and development: Net-zero aligned environmental, social and governance standards 140 Simona Marinescu 10 How international financial institutions help deliver the sustainable development goals 153 Marie-Anne Birken and Katherine Meighan 11 Sovereign wealth funds and ethical investment: The case of Norway 162 Rosa M. Lastra, Tom Fearnley and Lucia Satragno 12 The Equator Principles and standards applicable to the financing of energy sector projects 194 John L. Taylor and Theodora A. Christou 13 Knowledge sharing as ethics of development: The Asian Development Bank as a case study 207 Daniele Quaggiotto 14 Energy investment redefined: Will ethics become a criterion? 221 Norah Gallagher PART III ENERGY, LAW AND ETHICS IN TRANSITION 15 Ethical drivers and challenges of energy efficiency law 243 Gabriela Prata Dias 16 The law of gravitas: The energy transition, renewable energy and ethics 256 Tedd Moya Mose 17 Ethical drivers for the renewable energy transition 266 Uma Outka 18 The ethical contribution of the EU’s ESG disclosure regime 280 Silke Goldberg and Jannis Bille 19 China’s energy in transition: Ethical considerations in the energy policies and legislation for the 21st century 293 Libin Zhang 20 Ethical issues associated with multi-customer microgrids 308 Richard T. Stuebi 21 Is there a human right to energy? 319 Estela B. Sacristán 22 Governing water ethically – A shifting waterscape 338 Erum Sattar 23 Ethics, energy technology transfer and international law 407 Victoria Sutton PART IV ENERGY, LAW AND ETHICS POLICY IN PRACTICE 24 The Scotia Process Report 423 Gustavo Rochette and Krystel von Kumberg 25 Statement of Urgency addressed to the United Nations Secretary-General declaring an international diplomatic emergency on climate 478 Scotia Group Inception Commission 26 Climate20+ – Pathways to success at COP26: an unprecedented challenge, requiring an urgent G20 climate diplomatic agenda 483 Scotia Group Inception Commission 27 A proposal to achieve a Glasgow Agreement: Core Commitments for states on climate action to reach net zero by 2050 488 Scotia Group Inception Commission 28 Policy Proposal 2 – Guiding propositions on binding climate commitments 494 Howard Covington 29 Policy Proposal 3 – Community action 495 Andrew Kerr 30 Policy Proposal 4 – Engaging the young 497 James Wright 31 Policy Proposal 5 – Framework climate laws 500 Maria-Krystyna Duval 32 Policy Proposal 6: Greening dispute resolution 502 Wolf von Kumberg and Annette Magnusson 33 Policy Proposal 7 – Communications 508 Katherine Stewart 34 Policy Proposal 8 – The Model Statute for proceedings challenging government failure to act on climate change 510 International Bar Association PART V EPILOGUE The Scotia Communique: An Intergenerational Contract 514 Delivered by Her Majesty Queen Noor of Jordan Index 517

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Book SynopsisContaining an in-depth study of the emerging theory and core concepts of ecological law, this book insightfully proposes a 'lens of ecological law' through which the disparity between current laws and ecological law can be assessed. The lens consists of three principles: ecocentrism, ecological primacy and ecological justice. These principles are used within the book to explore and analyse the challenges and opportunities related to the transition to ecological law and to examine three key mining case studies. This thought-provoking book argues that ecological law should develop a needs-based approach to mining coupled with an ecological integrity standard in support of the effort to build a convivial and ecologically just society. This book's innovative approach treats ecological law as an emerging discipline by summarizing and discussing key aspects of its theory, including its foundations in science and critiques of economic growth; the core ideas from its foundational scholars; how to define it; and how it relates to Indigenous legal traditions and green legal theory. The Lens of Ecological Law will appeal to scholars and students in the fields of environmental and ecological law, sustainability and natural resources, whilst also being of interest to readers concerned with extractivism.Trade Review'Carla Sbert's book, The Lens of Ecological Law, is a foundational text for the emerging field of ecological law and governance. Not only is it the first book to offer an expansive overview and analysis of the principles of ecological law, but it applies those principles to one of the most pertinent industries to existing environmental law - the extractive industry. This book is crucial reading for academics and practitioners that seek to address the systemic and institutional flaws of existing environmental law, and their search towards a more responsive, sustainable, and just system of governance that better protects our interconnected, interdependent world.' --Kathryn Gwiazdon, Center for Environmental Ethics and Law, US'''Ecological law'' reframes ''environmental law'' and this book shows its theoretical and practical superiority. Through the lens of ecological law, we can clearly see why traditional environmental laws have failed and how domestic and international law must be advanced to protect and restore the integrity of ecological systems, for example, in the context of mining. The book is an impressive testimony to the fact that a just, sustainable society is possible and, crucially, how it can be achieved.' --Klaus Bosselmann, University of Auckland, New ZealandTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction: How Far to Ecological Law? A Look at Mining through the Lens of Ecological Law Part 1 – The Emerging Theory of Ecological Law 2. Underpinnings of Ecological Law 3. Converging Proposals for a New Approach: Selected Foundational Scholarship on Ecological Law 4. Defining Ecological Law 5. The Ecological Law Paradigm Shift 6. Ecological Law and Indigenous Legal Traditions 7. Ecological Law and Green Legal Theory Part II – The Lens of Ecological Law 8. What Qualifies as a Principle of Ecological Law for Purposes of the Lens of Ecological Law? 9. The Lens of Ecological Law: Three Core Principles Part III – Mining Case Studies through the Lens of Ecological Law 10. Introduction to Case Studies 11. El Salvador’s Metal Mining Ban through the Lens of Ecological Law 12. Mining in Canada’s Ring of Fire through the Lens of Ecological Law 13. Mining, Rights of Nature and Suma Qamaña/Vivir Bien in Bolivia through the Lens of Ecological Law 14. Conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisThe North Sea System for Petroleum Production unpacks the variation in state intervention in offshore petroleum activities on the British and Norwegian continental shelves. This astute book also examines the causes of various policy convergences and divergences.

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Book SynopsisOffering a unique and critical perspective on energy justice, this Handbook delves into an emerging field of inquiry encapsulating multiple strands of scholarship on energy systems. Covering key topics including generation, transmission, distribution and demand, it explores fundamental questions surrounding policy, climate change, security and social movements.The Handbook illuminates the rapidly expanding and diversifying scholarly domains where energy justice has developed to date. Chapters provide an overview on energy justice issues across a range of socio-technical and political contexts, including differences along lines of race, gender, age, geography, housing, socio-economic status and infrastructure. The Handbook further incorporates non-Western perspectives to expand the transitional vocabulary and frameworks of energy justice.Grounded in empirically rich case studies from across the world to support nuanced framings, situated methods and informed policy, this Handbook will be of interest to students of development, human geography, environmental policy and politics. It will also be useful to practitioners working in international organisations and agencies working in development and the environment.Trade Review'The Handbook on Energy Justice offers a rich collection that both consolidates the field and pushes its boundaries in new and interesting ways, drawing together multiple and divergent accounts of the possibilities and challenges of energy justice as a concept and call to action. A much-needed compass for our challenging times.’ -- Harriet Bulkeley, Durham University, UKTable of ContentsContents: Introduction to the Handbook on Energy Justice 1 Sara Fuller and Stefan Bouzarovski 1 Whole-systems energy justice 13 Adolfo Mejía-Montero and Kirsten E. H. Jenkins 2 Transport and energy justice 25 Karen Lucas and Muhammed Adeel 3 Energy justice and flexibility 40 Michael Fell, Gareth Powells, Charlotte Johnson, Juan Pablo Cárdenas Álvarez, Juan Manuel España Forero and Santiago Ortega Arango 4 Energy justice and health 65 Kimberley O’Sullivan 5 Energy justice and development 79 Joshua Kirshner and Jessica Omukuti 6 Rural energy justice 94 Conor Harrison and Shelley Welton 7 Energy justice and housing 112 Sergio Tirado Herrero 8 Tracing the roots of energy justice in action: environmental justice, climate justice, and the New York Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act 131 Raya Salter 9 Combating power imbalance and arbitrariness through procedural energy justice 144 Roman Sidortsov and Corey Katz 10 Quantifying energy justice 158 Benjamin C. McLellan and Andrew J. Chapman 11 Policy barriers and the dynamics of energy justice 175 Iain Todd 12 Energy justice and gender 188 Caitlin Robinson, Neil Simcock and Saska Petrova 13 Energy justice across the life-course 201 Gordon Waitt 14 Energy justice, modernity and transitions: more-than-modern energy for all in the Global South 213 Paul Munro 15 The right to energy: Learning from struggles for food, water, and rights to nature 226 Tristan Partridge 16 Towards more pluralistic energy justice frameworks 240 Sandra Jazmin Barragán-Contreras 17 Energy justice as a new communal project? Community energy systems and the energy access gap 253 Vanesa Castán Broto and Enora Robin 18 Energy justice in Southwest Iran: mitigating the socio-economic and environmental impacts of the fossil fuel sector and building the principles of community-guided development 269 Farzaneh Khayat and Lemir Teron 19 Ensuring the just in just transition: making the case for a community-level perspective 290 Liv Yoon 20 Energy democracy and energy justice in conversation: interconnections, divergences and ways forward 303 Julie L. MacArthur, Cathrine Dyer and Derya Tarhan Afterword 319 Kieran Pradeep Index

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Book SynopsisIn this timely book, Sven Rudolph and Elena Aydos take an interdisciplinary approach that combines sustainability economics, political economy and legal concepts to answer two fundamental questions: How can carbon markets be designed to be effective, efficient and just at the same time? And how can the political barriers to sustainable carbon markets be overcome?The first part of the book develops an innovative and robust Sustainable Model Rule for evaluating carbon market design, which is demonstrated in practice through chapters assessing the vast majority of real-life emissions trading schemes (ETS) from around the world. In the second part, the focus shifts to political feasibility, providing a political economy framework for evaluating ETS. The authors examine empirical data from case studies in several countries, and identify strategies and policy windows for implementing truly sustainable ETS.The cutting-edge tools outlined in this book for conducting assessments of carbon market design and feasibility will be invaluable for climate policy practitioners and environmental lawyers at national and international levels. The book will also be an important resource for policy makers, think tanks and stakeholders, as well as for scholars and students in environmental economics and climate change law and policy.Trade Review‘The book co-authored by Sven Rudoph and Elena Aydos navigates a complex landscape of global carbon markets and delivers a timely and truly remarkable analysis of the world’s leading emissions trading schemes.’ -- Agnieszka Ason, Oil, Gas & Energy Law Intelligence‘This book is a comprehensive comparative study of emissions trading schemes (ETSs), one of the most important “carbon pricing” instruments today. Its broad coverage of the world's major carbon markets is the most attractive feature of this book. Taking a political economy approach, it explains why ETSs were introduced, how they came to be in their current form, and gives their future perspectives. It will provide readers with an up-to-date understanding of the state of the world's carbon markets, and guidance for future climate policies.’ -- Toru Morotomi, Kyoto University, Japan‘The Paris Agreement helped to put climate change firmly on the agenda of policy makers. Emissions trading is the policy maker’s weapon of choice and proliferating quickly around the globe. This excellent book is the first that puts most if not all systems under ruthless scrutiny and holds them against an objective benchmark of a sustainable model rule that also evaluates social justice. The book relies on the potent public choice methodology to evaluate the critical success factors for a sustainable instrument design. The book comes at a critical moment, when the international community only has a decade to make or break the Paris objectives of limiting global warming to 1.5 ?C degrees. A must read for any policy maker, climate activist and academic interested in and concerned about our common future!’ -- Stefan E. Weishaar, University of Groningen, the NetherlandsTable of ContentsContents: 1. ETS, sustainability and political economy 2. Sustainable ETS design 3. ETS design in practice: European Union 4. ETS design in practice: North America 5. ETS design in practice: Oceania 6. ETS design in practice: Northeast Asia 7. Lessons learned from the implementation of ETS 8. Political feasibility of ETS 9. ETS politics: Germany 10. ETS politics: Australia 11. ETS politics: Japan 12. Lessons learned from the political economy of ETS 13. Final remarks Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisWhat happens when electric utility monopolies pursue their acquisition interests undisciplined by competition, and insufficiently disciplined by the regulators responsible for replicating competition? Since the mid-1980s, mergers and acquisitions of U.S. electric utilities have halved the number of local, independent utilities. Mostly debt-financed, these transactions have converted retiree-suitable investments into subsidiaries of geographically scattered conglomerates. Written by one of the U.S.'s leading regulatory thinkers--a litigating attorney, regulatory advisor, expert witness and law professor--this book combines legal, accounting, economic and financial analysis with insights from the dynamic field of behavioral economics. With a clear assessment of the 30-year march of U.S. electricity mergers, the author describes the economic losses that result when merger promoters and their transactions face neither the discipline of competition nor the rigors of regulation. This work is essential reading for regulatory practitioners, consumer advocates and investment advisors--as well as citizens concerned with concentration of economic power. The principles explored are relevant anywhere regulated utility monopolies have the legal right to merge, acquire or be acquired.Trade Review'Scott Hempling's important new book challenges us to think differently about purchases, sales, and mergers of electric utilities. Drawing on his vast understanding of this industry, he argues that utility franchises are public privileges intended to serve consumers but have become commodities batted around by private financial interests. He explains how this has come about, with what effects, and what now needs to be done to fix it. This book is a must-read for all who care-and should care-about the private exploitation of public interests.' --ohn Kwoka, Finnegan Distinguished Professor of Economics, Northeastern University, US'Scott Hempling does what few in the utility regulatory sphere do. He challenges the regulator to deeply and fundamentally evaluate the public policy that underpins their decision making. Here he has chosen one of the most important areas of regulation to issue that challenge-utility mergers. As this carefully researched and meticulously documented analysis is widely read by current and future commissioners it will, no doubt, transform that process for the good of all consumers.' --Jon Wellinghoff, CEO of GridPolicy, Inc. and former Chairman, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, USTable of ContentsContents: Part I The transactions: Sales of public franchises for private gain, undisciplined by competition, producing a concentrated, complicated industry no one intended 1. Diverse strategies, common purpose: selling public franchises for private gain 2. Missing from utility merger markets: competitive discipline 3. The structural result: concentration and complication no one intended Part II The harms: Economic waste, misallocation of gain, competitive distortion, customer risks and costs 4. Suboptimal couplings cause economic waste 5. Merging parties divert franchise value from the customers who created it 6. Mergers can distort competition: market power, anticompetitive conduct and unearned advantage 7. Hierarchical conflict harms customers Part III Regulatory lapses: Visionlessness, reactivity, deference 8. Regulators' unreadiness: checklists instead of visions 9. Promoters' strategy: frame mergers as simple, positive, inevitable 10. How do regulators respond? By ceding leadership, underestimating negatives and accepting minor positives 11. Explanations: passion gaps and mental shortcuts Part IV Solutions: Regulatory posture, practices and infrastructure 12. Regulatory posture and practice: less instinct, more analysis; less reactivity, more preparation 13. Regulatory infrastructure: strengthen regulatory resources, clarify statutory powers, assess mergers’ effects References Index

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Book SynopsisAs numerous jurisdictions implement emissions mitigation mechanisms that put a price on carbon, this incisive book explores the emerging emissions markets and their diverse and fragmented nature. It proposes an innovative model for connecting such markets, offering a significantly more successful and expeditious achievement of climate policy objectives. Justin D. Macinante proposes distributed ledger technology to foster fluid markets that price carbon emissions more effectively, achieve greater scale and efficiency, and are less susceptible to manipulation. He investigates the applicable regulatory frameworks, technology design issues and governance structures for the model proposed for networking emissions trading schemes within the context of the Paris Agreement. Providing a plausible and viable mechanism to achieve desired policy outcomes with economic, political and environmental benefits, Effective Global Carbon Markets will be a key resource for practitioners, policy makers and consultants alike, as well as being of value to scholars and students engaged with environmental and energy law, climate change and environmental economics.Trade Review'This is a ground-breaking book. It offers a wonderful combination of cutting-edge research with practical engagement on a profound question in climate change policy: how in reality to foster international carbon pricing. It starts from the right premise, of inevitably different systems emerging from governments around the world - and shows how modern information technology could be applied to solve the practical and political conundrum of how they could then be linked.' --Michael Grubb, University College London, UK'Blockchain has become a buzzword of late, including in the realm of climate policy. Its appeal stems as much from a vague promise to revolutionize complex processes as from the fact that it is often barely understood. Not so in this new book by Justin Macinante: as one of the very few experts who combine practical experience in carbon trading with critical analysis of distributed ledger technology, he offers a bold vision for the future of market-based climate cooperation that is backed up by unparalleled technical detail. A pioneering treatise that will set the standard for all future work on the topic.' --Michael Mehling, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US'Carbon markets, where properly designed and adopted, have proved an effective mechanism to address climate change. However, with the exception of certain mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol, their implementation has tended to be largely fragmented. Macinante provides an effective pathway for linking global carbon markets, reminding us that ultimately such markets, and their role in addressing climate change, should be seen as a central part of our global financial system.' --Martijn Wilder, Founding Partner, Pollination GroupTable of ContentsContents: PART I Introductory matters and background 1. Introduction to effective global carbon markets 2. Background: the problem of and response to climate change PART II The carbon market from three perspectives 3. Compartmentalisation of the carbon market 4. The nature of what is traded in the carbon market 5. Carbon market diversity and reasons to connect PART III 6. The networked market on distributed ledger technology – concept and theory 7. Practical implementation of the proposed networked market PART IV Analysis of the proposal 8. Governance structure for the networked market 9. Analysis of the networked market – legal issues PART V Concluding matters 10. Conclusions on effective global carbon markets Index

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