Endocrinology Books

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Book SynopsisThe syndrome X or metabolic syndrome may be defined as a constellation of several interrelated risk factors of metabolic origin which includes centrally distributed obesity, decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, elevated blood pressure and hyperglycemia. Persons with syndrome X are at twice the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, and are at about five-fold the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus as compare to persons with this syndrome. There are considerable evidences of important ethnic differences in the prevalence of syndrome X, its components and sequelae. The prevalence varied between ethnic groups even within the same geographical location. Apart from multifactorial (genetic vs. environmental) nature, there are intriguing metabolic and anthropometric differences found across different ethnic groups. The estimates vary by ethnicity, for instance, high prevalence in non-European groups such as Black African-Caribbeans, Hispanics, indigenous populations of North America, South Asians, and the Western Pacific Region and lower prevalence in Chinese populations, and European-White. Public health strategies that are well known to be important for chronic disease prevention in general can substantially reduce the prevalence of syndrome X. Population-specific studies will be important in identifying subgroups for which syndrome X is a health issue and for which disease management strategies are needed. Simultaneously, studies to identify different biomarkers associated with syndrome X that are linked with the development of specific chronic diseases, such as CVD and diabetes, will significantly enhance the early detection of these diseases. Existing preventions strategies, if implemented in population subgroups at highest risk, may have a substantial effect on reducing these trends. The prevalence of syndrome X increases with advancing age suggests that the efforts to increase awareness of prevention strategies must begin early. Intensive treatment and effective targeting efforts would help in avoiding future sequelae of syndrome X across different ethnicity. This book will be an assemblage of similarities and differences in the risk of syndrome X and related disorders among different ethnic groups worldwide, and reviews potential mechanisms for ethnic differences. It would certain help in translational research for early intervention and better prevention of syndrome X and its associated public health burden worldwide.Table of ContentsPreface; Ethnicity and Syndrome X; Transnational Migration as a Risk Factor for Syndrome X; Ethnic Diversities and Risk Factors with Syndrome X in South Africa; A Comparative Study on Nutritional Status among Tribal and Non-tribal Mothers in Rajshahi District Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study; Comparative Analysis of Total Body Parameters and Functional Characteristics of Mongolian Rural and Urban Children and Adolescents; Metabolic Syndrome among Indian Females: A Review; Prevalence of Undernutrition, Obesity and Hypertension among Adult Shabars and Mahalis of Bankura District of West Bengal, India; Effect of Human Migration on Hypertension, Cardiovascular Diseases, Type 2 Diabetes and Their Associations with Metabolic Syndrome among the Asian Indians; Ethnic Differences in Proinflammatory State and Syndrome X: An Overview; Anthropometric Measures, Body Composition and the Risk of Hypertension: A Study on Indian Tribes; Cardio-Metabolic Risk among the High Altitude Inhabitants: A Brief Review; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a complete review of multiple metabolic disorders and the use of phytochemicals for their prevention and treatment. When describing each metabolic disorder, all authors describe the main health alterations, providing the most current figures and statistics worldwide; medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for its treatment and scientific information related to their potential to prevent or treat each condition. Authors also include a complete scientific background check, comprehensive analysis of all phytochemicals recommended for each disorder, a description of the mechanism(s) of action and in vivo and/or in vitro studies. Within this volume, a series of 7 plant species, recommended to treat or prevent the previously described disorders, are presented with their botanical information, traditional use in different cultures and countries, and the available scientific information validating their health benefits. Besides, six main metabolic disorders are described, providing a full scientific background for its general understanding, and three study cases are presented, where metabolic disorders are analysed and approached from different medical and pharmaceutical angles. Chapter 1 -- Soybean contains a great nutritional value, which makes it an excellent food for the human diet. It has large amounts of protein and lipids and also provides fibre, calcium, iron, zinc, and several vitamins. For these reasons, the possible benefits of soy consumption for human health have been studied. Although the results obtained to date have not been conclusive, thanks to its high content of isoflavones (phytochemicals with estrogenic activity), soy is attributed with anti-inflammatory, antioxidants and antifungals properties. Moreover, soybeans could provide significant benefits to patients with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, or diabetes. Chapter 2 -- Oil, proteins, vitamins, fibres, and phytochemicals present in the avocado plant have shown the excellent capability of not only addressing the prevalence of these metabolic diseases but also being safe and having minimal side effects. The general objective of this book chapter is to review the bioactive compounds and their action to promote health benefits in the prevention and management of metabolic disorders. Chapter 3 -- Heliopsis longipes roots, which contain affinin, has been used in traditional cuisine as a spice for its pungent. Due to its tingling and numbing properties, it is frequently applied to heal diverse pains such as toothache, earache, and headache. Within this chapter, its applications on anti-inflammatory activity, local anaesthetic, analgesic, anti-mutagenic, and antioxidant activity, will be reviewed. Chapter 4 -- The species Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., represents a good source of nutrients and antioxidants in the diet of consumers. This chapter aims to offer a simple and economical alternative formulation of artisan conserves prepared with nopal, in which the antioxidant activity was evaluated. Chapter 5 -- Metabolic syndrome is known as a group of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The cost of health for companies is very high for workers who have obesity or metabolic syndrome compared to healthy workers. Metabolic syndrome is closely related to obesity, and this, in turn, is associated with a poor diet (high intake of carbohydrates and fats). This chapter explains the decrement of risk factors in workers of Young Living Ecuador Farm based on the Health Belief Model. Chapter 6 -- The objective of this chapter book was to analyse the evidence obtained by clinical studies reported by scientific literature. Clinical studies have employed different components or products of grapes, such as pulp, freeze-dried grape, extracts, wine, and a distinct dose of resveratrol, to demonstrate their biological properties against diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Chapter 7 -- The main purpose of this chapter is to describe the analysis of whether glycated haemoglobin values could be used as a limit marker for earlier diagnosis of type 2 DM in overweight patients. This was a nonexperimental, analytical, retrospective, longitudinal study of 100 overweight patients diagnosed with type 2 DM. The study was carried out in 2014 at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Chapter 8 -- Rosemary is classified not only as spice or ornamental but also as a medicinal plant. It is an important source of volatile and non-volatile compounds. The proportion of them varies in function of diverse factors as a region of growth, environment, extraction treatment, and others. Thanks to its composition, rosemary owners several properties such as anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, among others, thus the importance of this plant over metabolic diseases is presented in this chapter. Chapter 9 - Agave has been used in traditional medicine as an aesthetic, anticonvulsant, antipyretic, urinary antiseptic, cathartic, cicatricial, and regenerative, diuretic, emmenagogue, and eupeptic. Agave extracts and derived agave products have been used to prevent several metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and cancer. However, more studies are needed to support these effects.Table of ContentsPreface; Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]: Health Benefits on the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cancer, and Diabetes; Avocado (Persea americana): Phytochemicals and Health Benefits against Metabolic Disorders; Aztec Root and Its Use in Metabolic Disorders; Artisanal Formulation of Opuntia Ficus-Indica Preserves: Food Products as a Potential Source of Antioxidants; Nutritional Intervention in Workers of the Young Living Ecuador Farm to Reduce the Risk Factors Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome Based on the Health Belief Model: A Pilot Study; Use of Grapes, Grape-Extracts, and Resveratrol to Prevent Obesity and Diabetes; Glycated Hemoglobin as a Limit Marker for Early Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight Patients (Metabolic Syndrome); Rosemary as a Treatment for Metabolic Disorders; Biological Properties of Agave and Derived Agave Products; Index.

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Book SynopsisEstrogens are a family of hormones that potently regulate reproductive, cardiovascular, bone, brain, and other physiology by altering gene expression. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the biochemistry, therapeutic uses and physiological effects of hormones. Topics include the physiological effects of oestrogen in fish and its application; estrogens in osteoarthritis and inflammation; estrogens as mediators of obesity-induced inflammation; the transcriptional effect of estrogens on gene expression; and the role of estrogens in regulating the gender disparity of hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present current research in the study of hormones and behavior. Topics include the neuroendocrine regulation of sedation and excitation in neonatal chicks; the behavior of the mother and vasopressin; inhibited TRHergic pathway of amygdala and insular cortex may participate in high anxiety levels and decreased food intake of dehydrated-induced anorexic rats; the difference between morning and evening thyrotropin response to protirelin(TRH); altered energy balance in response to sleep restriction; hormones in breast carcinogenesis; ecdysteriods and honeybee social behaviors; and changes in appetite-associated hormone and feeding behavior in advanced age.

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Book SynopsisFIVE STARS from Doody's Star Ratings™ This essential guide encompasses the core principles of Manual Lymph Drainage and Complete Decongestive Therapy for a wide range of pathologies across the age continuum. Key elements from the prior edition are incorporated, such as color-coded sections for anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. Advances in the field are reflected in expanded chapters and efficacy meta-analyses, updates on genetics, refinements in manual compression, and new insights on fat disorders and edema. Key highlights in fourth edition More than 140 new color images, over 30 new tables, and updated ICD-10 codes Expanded discussion of lipedema and related conditions such as Dercum's and Madelung's diseases Surgical approaches such as vascularized lymph node transfer, anastomosis and bypass techniques, suction assisted protein lipectomy, and combined and staged lymphedema operations Wound care options for edema and advanced venous disease Integration of conventional therapies and techniques in collaboration with surgeons who perform specialized lymphatic procedures Tips and guidance for growing numbers of home care focused practitioners who encounter lymphedema and related edemas in patients Management of garments including fit, functionality, and patient independence Rare pediatric syndromes and adaption of CDT for children Expanded discussion of sequential intermittent pneumatic compression including contraindications and usages in lymphedema management This is a must-have resource on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of lymphedema and lymphatic insufficiency. Its unique practicality will enable educators to teach techniques and clinicians to adeptly incorporate a wide range of treatment strategies into practice.Table of Contents1 Anatomy 2 Physiology 3 Pathology 4 Complete Decongestive Therapy 5 Treatment 6 Administration

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the current knowledge and recent developments to navigate cellular, molecular, and clinical aspects of natriuretic peptides and their receptors in health and disease. State-of-the-art technology in cell and molecular biology has been applied to delineate the expression, function, and regulation of natriuretic peptides and their receptors both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Transgenic and gene-targeted mouse models have clearly demonstrated that the absence of functional natriuretic peptides and/or their cognate receptors cannot only raise blood pressure but also cause severe hypertensive heart, similar to what is seen in untreated human hypertensive patients. The genetically engineered mouse models have been useful to reveal not only the actual functions of the genes for natriuretic peptides and their receptors, but more critically their modifying interactions with other genes. This book presents a comprehensive look at the past developments, current status, and future prospects of the natriuretic peptides and their receptor systems in bedside diagnosis, treatments, and therapeutic advancements. The book comprises of fourteen chapters from eminent scientists in their area of research expertise, and presents a wide range of reviews spanning the research works done on the natriuretic peptides and their receptors. Each chapter provides a comprehensive summary covering the aspects of physiology, molecular biology, and clinical implication of the accomplished experimental findings and future perspectives of research to be performed in this vital and important cardiovascular field. It is expected that this book will provide readers a focused overview of the status and perspectives of the natriuretic peptides and their receptors from the past accomplishments to exciting future investigations.

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Book SynopsisPituitary adenomas are benign neoplasms that are associated with a variety of endocrinological disorders, which in turn cause substantial difficulties not only in the physical health of the affected individuals, but also in their psychosocial state. Consequently, the imperative need for a prompt and accurate diagnosis of this tumor mobilises investigators to concentrate and carry out their basic research in this particular area. Moreover, the wish to develop and try new therapeutic methods in daily practice brings together physicians from different medical disciplines; all of them cooperate harmonically to achieve the best for their patients. It is the intention of Pituitary Adenoma: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Options to illustrate the current scientific results regarding the pathogenesis and progression of this neoplasm and also to explain in every detail the diverse diagnostic and therapeutic modalities used nowadays. In order to accomplish this aim, leading specialists were invited to participate with certain topics in the book, according to their field of expertise. In brief, this completed work fulfills the initial expectations of the editor, the authors and the publisher, which are indeed glad to present this book to its wide intended audience. All of them are convinced that the content of its chapters will be a useful guide not only for medical professionals and students, but also for other neuroscientists exploring the secrets of pituitary adenomas pathogenesis.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive selection of teaching tools for general anatomy and pathology. Each flip chart in the series offers a complete overview and understanding of the subject matter. Ideal for student or patient education. Suitable for the home, the school library, or physicians office. Can be written on by dry marker.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis book is a comprehensive guide to endocrinology for clinicians and trainees. Beginning with an overview of the endocrine system, the text then describes the chemistry and mechanism of hormones and their clinical significance. The following sections discuss the role of different organs in the endocrine system, including glands, the pancreas, and gonads. The next chapters cover hormones in other organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney and heart. The book concludes with discussion on endocrine tumours and growth factors. Key points Comprehensive guide to endocrinology for clinicians and trainees In depth discussion on chemistry and mechanism of hormones Examines role of different organs in the endocrine system Includes chapters on endocrine tumours and growth factors Table of Contents Introduction Hormone Action Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Adrenal Gland Hormones Regulation Calcium Metabolism Pancreas Gonads Adipose Tissue Pineal Gland Gastrointestinal Tract Hormones Hormones from Liver Hormones from Kidney Hormones from Heart Retinoic Acid Prostaglandins Nitric Oxide Endocrine Tumours Growth Factors

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewHighly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates. Graduate students, faculty, and professionals. * Choice *Table of Contents1. Neuroendocrine Regulation Hypothalamic Control of Female Reproduction (Brian P. Kenealy and Ei Terasawa) Inflammatory Signals and Sexual Differentiation of the Brain (Margaret M. McCarthy) Membrane-Initiated Estradiol Signaling in the Central Nervous System (Paul E. Micevych and Melinda A. Mittelman-Smith) Neuroendocrine Influences on Human Sexuality (Ashlyn Swift-Gallant and S. Marc Breedlove) Neuroendocrine Regulation of Seasonal Reproduction (Elisabetta Tolla, Jonathan H. Pérez, Ian C. Dunn, Simone L. Meddle, and Tyler J. Stevenson) Prolactin: Regulation and Actions (Robert S. Bridges) Regulation of Gonadotropins (Daniel J. Bernard, Yining Li, Chirine Toufaily, and Gauthier Schang) Sexual Differentiation (Ashley Monks) Steroids and Plasticity (Alyssa L. Pedersen and Colin J. Saldanha) Transcriptomic Architecture of Reproductive Plasticity (Susan C.P. Renn and Nadia Aubin-Horth) 2. Neuroimmunology Neuroendocrine and Neuroimmune Mechanisms Regulating the Blood-Brain Barrier (Divine C. Nwafor, Allison L. Brichacek, Sreeparna Chakraborty, Catheryne A. Gambill, Stanley A. Benkovic, and Candice M. Brown) Neuroimmunology: Behavioral Effects (Gretchen N. Neigh, Mandakh Bekhbat, and Sydney A. Rowson) The Ouroboros of Inflammatory Signaling to the Brain for the Control of Neuroendocrine Function (Georgia E. Hodes) Regulating Systems in Neuroimmunology (William H. Walker II and A. Courtney DeVries) The Role of Microglia in the Aging Brain: A Focus on Sex Differences (Jeffrey S. Darling, Kevin Sanchez, Andrew D. Gaudet, and Laura K. Fonken) Sex-Specific Regulation of Peripheral and Central Immune Responses (Sabra L. Klein and Jaclyn M. Schwarz) 3. Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Behavioral Neuroendocrinology: Cognition (Victoria Luine, Hunter) Behavioral Neuroendocrinology of Female Aggression (Natalia Duque-Wilckens and Brian C. Trainor) Brain Derived Steroids and Behaviors (Colin J. Saldanha) Hormones and Animal Communication (Eliot A. Brenowitz) Maternal Behavior from a Neuroendocrine Perspective (Danielle S. Stolzenberg, Kimberly L. Hernandez-D'Anna, Oliver J. Bosch, and Joseph S. Lonstein) Neurobiology of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse (Ruth I. Wood and Kathryn G. Wallin-Miller) The Neuroendocrinology of Empathy (Farzaneh Naghavi and James Burkett) Paternal Behavior from a Neuroendocrine Perspective (Caleigh Guoynes and Catherine Marler) The Role of Oxytocin & Vasopressin in the Neural Regulation of Social Behavior (Heather K. Caldwell) Role of Puberty in Adult Behaviors (Kristen Delevich and Linda Wilbrecht) Sexual Behavior in Females from a Neuroendocrine Perspective (Donald Pfaff) Sexual Behavior in Males from a Neuroendocrine Perspective (Jacques Balthazart and Gregory F. Ball) 4. Autonomic Regulation Autonomic Regulation of Kidney Function (Mohammed H. Abdulla and Edward J. Johns) Autonomic Regulation of Penile Erection (Karl-Erik Andersson) Autonomic Regulation of the Eye (Paul J. May, Anton Reiner, and Paul D. Gamlin) Autonomic Thermoregulation (Thad E. Wilson and Kristen Metzler-Wilson) Central Mechanisms Regulating Coordinated Cardiovascular and Respiratory Function (Roger Dampney) Development of Lung Innervation (Talita de Melo e Silva, Catherine Miriam Czeisler, and José Javier Otero) Neural Control of Lower Urinary Tract Function (Jonathan M. Beckel and William C. de Groat) The Role of Sex Hormones in Pain (Dayna L. Averitt, Rebecca S. Hornung, and Anne Z. Murphy) 5. Stress and the Brain Cardiac Vagal Tone and Stress (Kevin T. Larkin, Alaina G. Tiani, and Leah A. Brown) Mineralocorticoid Receptors and Glucocorticoid Receptors in HPA Stress Responses During Coping and Adaptation (Edo Ronald de Kloet and Marian Joëls) Neuroendocrine Mechanisms of Psychological Stress: Age and Sex Differences in Adults (Allison E. Gaffey and Brandy S. Martinez) Neuroendocrinology of Stress and Addiction (Steven Kinsey, Olivia Vanegas, Kristen Trexler, Floyd Steele, and Matthew Eckard) Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Affective Responses (Kalynn Schulz, Marcia Chavez, and Arthur Castaneda) Stress and Neuroimmunology (Eric S. Wohleb) Stress-Modulated Pathways (Nicolas Rohleder) 6. Regulation of Thirst and Water Balance, Food Intake, and Body Weight Integration of Peripheral and Central Systems in Control of Ingestive and Reproductive Behavior (Jill E. Schneider) Molecular Regulation of Energy Balance (D. Grahame Hardie and A. Mark Evans) Regulators and Integration of Peripheral Signals (Michelle T. Foster) Thirst and Water Balance (Derek Daniels) 7. Biological Rhythms and Sleep The Hypocretin Arousal Network (Jeremy C. Borniger and Luis de Lecea) Molecular Biology and Physiology of Circadian Clocks (Ruifeng Cao) Neurobiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Steven Holfinger, M. Melanie Lyons, Nitin Bhatt, and Ulysses Magalang) Neuroendocrine Mechanisms of Circadian Rhythms in Diurnal Species (Lily Yan, Laura Smale, and Antonio A. Nunez) The Regulation of Sleep (Craig Heller) Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Anatomy, Physiology, and Neurochemistry (Rae Silver)

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisAn eye-opening book that reveals crucial information every woman taking hormonal birth control should know This groundbreaking book sheds light on how hormonal birth control affects women--and the world around them--in ways we are just now beginning to understand. By allowing women to control their fertility, the birth control pill has revolutionized women's lives. Women are going to college, graduating, and entering the workforce in greater numbers than ever before, and there's good reason to believe that the birth control pill has a lot to do with this. But there's a lot more to the pill than meets the eye.Although women go on the pill for a small handful of targeted effects (pregnancy prevention and clearer skin, yay!), sex hormones can't work that way. Sex hormones impact the activities of billions of cells in the body at once, many of which are in the brain. There, they play a role in influencing attraction, sexual motivation, stress, hunger, eating patterns, emotion regulation, friendships, aggression, mood, learning, and more. This means that being on the birth control pill makes women a different version of themselves than when they are off of it. And this is a big deal. For instance, women on the pill have a dampened cortisol spike in response to stress. While this might sound great (no stress!), it can have negative implications for learning, memory, and mood. Additionally, because the pill influences who women are attracted to, being on the pill may inadvertently influence who women choose as partners, which can have important implications for their relationships once they go off it. Sometimes these changes are for the better . . . but other times, they're for the worse. By changing what women's brains do, the pill also has the ability to have cascading effects on everything and everyone that a woman encounters. This means that the reach of the pill extends far beyond women's own bodies, having a major impact on society and the world. This paradigm-shattering book provides an even-handed, science-based understanding of who women are, both on and off the pill. It will change the way that women think about their hormones and how they view themselves. It also serves as a rallying cry for women to demand more information from science about how their bodies and brains work and to advocate for better research. This book will help women make more informed decisions about their health, whether they're on the pill or off of it.

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Book SynopsisThe Hormone Type Cookbook is the everywoman’s guide to resolving hormone imbalance through food and lifestyle.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION: Your Hormone Health Matters CHAPTER 1: The Hormone Education You Never Had CHAPTER 2 Nutrition Foundations for Hormone Balance CHAPTER 3 High Estrogen CHAPTER 4 Low Estrogen CHAPTER 5 Low Progesterone CHAPTER 6 Low Testosterone CHAPTER 7 High Androgens CHAPTER 8 Adrenal Burnout and Balancing Cortisol CHAPTER 9 Low Thyroid Resources Guide to Reducing Endocrine Disruptors Meal Plans References Acknowledgments About the Author Index

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Book SynopsisCurrently, there are a limited amount of guidelines to help clinicians manage patients with obesity and comorbid mental disorders. This expertly written source fills the gap in the literature by providing a clear overview of obesity and its relationship to mental illness while reviewing the most recent methods to manage and control the condition wTable of ContentsObesity is a Major Health Problem: Causes and Natural History. Obesity and Psychotic Disorders. Obesity and Mood Disorders. Eating Disorders in Obesity. Obesity and Substance Use Disorders. Obesity and Smoking. Obesity and Impulsive/Compulsive Mental Disorders. Metabolic Syndrome. Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Mood Disorders. Dietary Therapy of Obesity. Behavioral Treatments of Obesity With Mental Disorders. Pharmacologic Agents. Overview of Agents with Efficacy in Binge Eating. Psychotropic-Induced Weight Gain and Its Treatment. Medical Management of Uncomplicated Obesity. Medical Management of Obesity with Mood Disorder. Medical Management of Obesity with Binge Eating. Weight Loss Surgery for the Treatment of Morbid Obesity. The Role of Bariatric Surgery in the Obese Patient with Psychopathology.

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Book SynopsisFocusing on prevention rather than treatment, Obesity: Dietary and Developmental Influences reviews and evaluates the determinants of obesity. The book uses evidence-based research as a basis to define foods and dietary behaviors that should be supported and encouraged as well as those that should be discouraged. This comprehensive review represents a critical step forward in the quest to identify actionable strategies to prevent obesity.The book describes the potential role of 26 different dietary factors and 8 developmental periods in the prevention of obesity among children and adults. The dietary factors examined include macronutrients, micronutrients, specific types of foods and beverages, snack and meal patterns, portion size, parenting practices, breastfeeding, and more. The factors from each developmental period in the life cycle are examined in the context of the likelihood of obesity development. For each dietary factor and developmental period, four lines of evidence are examined: secular trends, plausible mechanisms, observational studies, and prevention trials. Providing easy access to information, the book features 38 tables that summarize observational studies, 38 graphs depicting trends in dietary intake, and 9 tables that summarize prevention trials. It provides a synopsis of the latest research on obesity, investigating all major lines of evidence, and clarifies common misconceptions while identifying which behaviors to target and which dietary factors show the most promise for prevention.Table of ContentsIntroduction. The Obesity Epidemic. The Obesity Prevention Network Determinants of Energy Imbalance Workgroup. A Focus on Prevention. Defining Target Behaviors: A First Step. Methodology. Search Process and Criteria. Article Abstraction and Manuscript Format. Lines of Evidence. Critical Periods. Intrauterine Growth and Birth Weight. Infancy. Adiposity Rebound. Early Puberty. Pregnancy. Postpartum. Menopause. Elderly. Dietary Influences on Energy balance. Total Calories. Energy Density. Macronutrient Intake. Minerals and Vitamins. Vegetables and Fruits. Sweetened Beverages and Fruit Juice. Restaurant-Prepared Foods. Dietary Patterns. Variety of Foods. Reduced-Fat Food Products. Portion Size. Meal and Snack Patterns. Parenting Influences. Breastfeeding. Food Insecurity. Conclusions. When to Intervene: Critical Periods in the Development of Obesity. What to Recommend: Dietary Influences on Energy Balance. Implications. Priorities for Further Research. Reference.

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Book SynopsisNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide affecting patients from all ages, races, and ethnic backgrounds. It comprises a spectrum of hepatic pathology ranging from simple steatosis, in which there is an increase of fat accumulation in hepatocytes, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. The significant prevalence of this diseasebetween 15 and 45 percent of the general populationmeans that it contributes to an increased burden of ill health both today and in the future.Liver Metabolism and Fatty Liver Disease addresses the current understanding of the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as well as the clinical aspects of the disease by examining the current knowledge surrounding metabolism in the liver. The book discusses various topics including the involvement of oxidative stress, metabolic effects, and inflammation as well as the effect of nutrition on the development and progression of the disease.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Fatty Liver Disease and Consequences. Fatty Liver Disease and Consequences. Nutrition Role in Liver Protection and Damage.

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Book SynopsisOften, information in review books can raise as many questions as it answers. This interferes with the study process, because the learner must either look up additional information or skip ahead without truly comprehending what he or she has read. As an alternative, Pediatric Genetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism: A Practically Painless Review presents bite-size chunks of information that can be read and processed rapidly, helping learners to stay active while studying and to pick up new information the first time they read it. This book''s question and answer format allows for self-testing or study with a partner or a group. The format also facilitates dipping into the book during a few minutes of downtime at the hospital or office. Pediatric Genetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism: A Practically Painless Review is a quick and easy way to master these trickyTrade Review“Written as questions and answers, this book serves as a preparatory for board examinations and for self assessment. For residents and practitioners.” (Zvi Laron, Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews, Vol. 13 (4), June, 2016)Table of ContentsGenetic Concepts and Terminology.- Selected Genetics Topics.- General Genetics Question and Answer Items.- General Inborn Errors of Metabolism Question and Answer Items.

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Book SynopsisNearly half of the world's adult population is either clinically obese or overweight. Excess weight increases risk for multiple other chronic diseases and represents a major global health issue. Weight gain results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, which can only be corrected if the physiologic and neuroendocrine systems that have the potential to control energy balance are identified. The first edition of this book reviewed knowledge on the intake of micro- and macronutrients, food choice, and opposing views on whether or not there are mechanisms that control food intake. Appetite and Food Intake: Central Control, Second Edition contains all new chapters and serves as a companion to the first by reviewing current knowledge on neuroendocrine mechanisms that influence food intake and glucose metabolism, including environmental influences on their development, with an emphasis on recent progress in understanding forebrain and hindbrain contTable of ContentsAppetite control in C. elegans. Central and peripheral regulation of appetite and food intake in Drosophila. The hamster as a model for human ingestive behavior. Beyond homeostasis: Understanding the impact of sychosocial factors on appetite using nonhuman primate models. Untangling appetite circuits with optogenetics and chemogenetics. The use of functional MRI in the study of appetite and obesity. Development of hypothalamic circuits that control food intake and energy balance. Maternal and epigenetic factors that influence food intake and energy balance in offspring. Monitoring and maintenance of brain glucose supply: importance of hindbrain catecholamine neurons in this multifaceted task. Hindbrain astrocyte glucodetectors and counter-regulation. Vagal afferent signaling and the integration of direct and indirect controls of food intake. Energy metabolism and appetite control: Separate roles for fat-free mass and fat mass in the control of food intake in humans. Pharmacotherapy for weight loss..

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Book SynopsisThis book, which is entitled "Regucalcin: Metabolic Regulation and Disease", introduces the recent topics regarding the involvement of regucalcin in metabolic regulation and its related diseases. Cell signaling system may be potent interest in the fields of biomedical research. Regucalcin, which was discovered as a calcium-binding protein in 1978, is demonstrated to play a potential role as a suppressor in manifold intracellular signaling process linked to transcription activity. With growing studies, regucalcin has been demonstrated to play a multifunctional role in the regulation of the function of various types of cells and tissues, including the regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis, various enzymes activity, cell signal transduction, nuclear function and gene expression, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and other cellular events. Regucalcin plays a pivotal role in maintaining cell homeostasis and protecting from disorders with ageing. This book focuses recent highlighted information regarding the role of regucalcin in metabolic regulation and its related diseases with aging. This book is constituted of 6 chapters as described in the following. This book will be of interest to graduate students, researchers, scientists and physicians focused on the fields of molecular and cellular biology, biomedical sciences, and clinical challenges.

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Book SynopsisDiabetes mellitus is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the modern world. Persistent hyperglycaemia is responsible for several complications of diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic autonomic neuropathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic foot ulcer, gestational diabetes, and diabetic mastopathy. With the advancement of technology, several new drugs have been developed for treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. Moreover, alternative and complementary medicines have also been employed to manage diabetes and its associated complications. Despite the availability of a plethora of therapeutic agents, the management of diabetes and diabetic complications is an uphill battle associated with several limitations. Various leading research groups across the world are investing billions of dollars to develop impeccable solutions for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. This book focuses on the understanding of recent advancements in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications, the molecular basis of the disease and recent advancements in diabetic treatment. The chapters are specifically dedicated to different complications associated with diabetes. Moreover, recent advances in treatments and medications in clinical trials for these complications are explained. Some chapters are dedicated to the use of herbal medicines, alternative and complementary therapy and personalized medicines. Furthermore, the role of epigenetics in diabetic complications is described, as well as the role of antidiabetic drugs and their interactions. Due to its widespread prevalence, diabetes is presently considered a pandemic. This book provides contemporary information to researchers and health care practitioners about diabetes and diabetic complications, which may pave the way for designing new strategies to manage diabetes and diabetic complications. Moreover, the insights on alternative and complementary medicines will help in providing a background for inclusion of these medicines as an important therapeutic option for treatment of diabetes.Table of ContentsPreface; Comprehending Type-I Diabetes Mellitus; Comprehending Type-II Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: Current Status and Future Prospective; Molecular Basis of Diabetic Nephropathy; Diabetic Neuropathy: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Management; Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Management; Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Potential Target Sites; Diabetic Mastopathy: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Management; Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Pathogenies and Treatment Strategies; Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Pathogenesis and Treatment; Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy: Pathogenesis and Treatment; The Role of Epigenetic in Complications of Diabetes-Mellitus; Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Complications of Diabetes; Diabetes in Pregnancy Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Novel Pharmacological Approaches for Diabetic Complications; Personalized Medicine for Management of Diabetic Complications; Pharmacokinetics of Antidiabetic Drugs and Their Interactions; Diabetic Complications and Non-Conventional Therapies; Drugs in Clinical Research for Management of Diabetic Complications; Herbal Approach in Management of Diabetes and Its Complications; Quality of Life (QoL) in Diabetes Mellitus; Index.

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Book SynopsisPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is known as a common gynaecologic and endocrinology disease with multiple short and long-term consequences. It is one of the most common causes for hyperandrogenism and anovulation (therefore hirsutism, acne, menstrual dysfunction and infertility); increases the risk for metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes and, still debated, cardiovascular disease. It represents a substantial psychological, social and economic burden for womens reproductive life span. In this book, Chapter One reviews the aetiology and pathogenesis of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, with the objective to set the ground for future research that could help elucidate which patients have risk of developing the disorder and what triggers this risk, so strategies to prevent it could be found. Chapter Two focuses on the most recent studies about PCOS and the current models of its genetic pathogenesis. In addition, it emphasizes the significance of genetic factors and the possibility of developing plausible candidate gene families for diagnosis and to improve therapeutic approaches for PCOS treatment. Chapter Three evaluates the available therapeutic strategies for the treatment of women with PCOS also focusing on diet in order to assess the possible impact on the clinical effects associated with it. Chapter Four reviews the most recent data regarding useful and promising adjuvant therapies in PCOS and its mechanisms of action, in order to expand its use on those patients who do not respond to conventional management. Chapter Five focuses on current existing markers of Insulin resistance (IR).

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Book SynopsisDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of absolute or relative insulin deficiency or resistance characterised by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. It is estimated that between 5-10% of the population suffer from this disease. This syndrome is a contributing factor in a large percentage of deaths from heart attacks and strokes as well as renal failure and vascular disease. About 90% of the cases of diabetes mellitus fall into Type 2 where obesity plays a major role. Research in the field is wide-spread ranging from causes to treatment. This book brings together leading research from throughout the world.

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Book SynopsisPancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine through a tube called the pancreatic duct. These enzymes help digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in food. The pancreas also releases the hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream. These hormones help the body use the glucose it takes from food for energy. Normally, digestive enzymes do not become active until they reach the small intestine, where they begin digesting food. But if these enzymes become active inside the pancreas, they start ''digesting'' the pancreas itself. Acute pancreatitis occurs suddenly and lasts for a short period of time and usually resolves. Chronic pancreatitis does not resolve itself and results in a slow destruction of the pancreas. In severe cases, bleeding, tissue damage, and infection may occur. Pseudocysts, accumulations of fluid and tissue debris, may also develop. And enzymes and toxins may enter the bloodstream, injuring the heart, lungs, and kidneys, or other organs. This new book presents the latest research from around the world in this field.

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Book SynopsisHyperthyroidism is the term for overactive tissue within the thyroid gland, resulting in overproduction and thus an excess of circulating free thyroid hormones. It is a common endocrine condition which most often is treated with thyrostatic drugs or radioiodine, less commonly with surgery. Graves'' disease is the most common cause of primary hyperthyroidism and is characterised by goitre, palpitation and exophthalmos. This book discusses the pathogenesis, phenotypic expression and challenges in management for Graves'' disease. The effectiveness of adrenergic blockers carvedilol, propranolol and verapamil on hyperthroidism associated insulin resistance is also examined. Furthermore, over the past two decades, there are increasing numbers of reports with a newly introduced group of unusual manifestations of hyperthyroidism. These unusual presentations make the diagnosis more challenging especially when they are the only presenting manifestations of the disease, or when the classical manifestations are subtle or overlooked.

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Book SynopsisNeuroendocrinology is the study of the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system. The concept arose from the recognition that the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland is closely controlled by the brain, especially by the hypothalamus. This book presents the latest research in the field from around the world.

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Book SynopsisAlthough sex hormones are generally thought to be involved mainly in reproductive functions, they are also involved in antioxidant mechanisms, in cardiovascular and brain functions, and in incidence of some diseases. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the development, regulation and disorders relating to sex hormones. Topics discussed include sex hormones are their implication in metabolic disease, and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer''s disease, depression and migraine; the non-reproductive effects of sex hormones and the cardiovascular system; the sources and presence of steroid sex hormones in freshwater ecosystems and sex hormone receptors and epigenetics in breast cancer.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors provide current research in the study of the anatomy, diseases and health implications of the pancreas. The pancreas consists of two organs in one; the exocrine gland secretes enzymes into the digestive tract, and the endocrine gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream. Topics discussed in this compilation include the development of the islets of Langerhans in the human fetal pancreas; autophagy in pancreatic diseases; characteristics of primary cystic pancreatic neoplasms; embryology of the pancreas and associated anomalies; emerging therapeutic options for metastatic exocrine pancreatic cancer; minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenetcomy; and minimally invasive pancreatectomy.

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Book SynopsisThis book follows an up to date authoritative style on the subject of parathyroid glands and their disorder. This book seeks to expand the horizon of parathyroid hormone use and provides in depth information on surgical techniques for managing its disorder. There are four sections on anatomy, function, disorder and treatment. The first three show how these areas are interconnected and the fourth on techniques for managing parathyroid disease. While short enough to be read as a treatise on parathyroid glands it is also authoritative enough to be used as a reference text.

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Book SynopsisThe renin angiotensin system (RAS) maintains the cardiovascular homeostasis and is involved in the pathogenesis of several disorders related to heart and kidney. There are several peptides under RAS in which angiotensin (Ang) II is the major contributor. In this book, the authors present topical research on angiotensin. Some of the topics discussed include the influence of renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system genes on hypertrophy development in hypertrophic caradiomyopathy; cardiac renin angiotensin system and exercise training; the role of the counter-regulatory renin angiotensin system in the heart and new roles for the neuropeptide angiotensin II.

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Book SynopsisWomen are born with a finite number of oocytes and throughout the reproductive ageing process (which starts prior to birth and develops in a continuum), the progressive loss of these oocytes (during atresia or ovulation) is observed, which does not necessarily happen at a constant rate. The reproductive failure is what signals menopause. In this new book, the authors discuss the management, complications and social perceptions relating to menopause. Topics included in this complication examine the biopsychosocial conceptualization and assessment of menopausal symptoms; management of typically ignored but increased risk factors for dysparaneua, HIV and other STDs; perceptions about menopause and hormonal therapy in Brazilian women; oestrogen deficiency in bone diseases in female hemodialysis patients; and estrogen dose in postmenopausal hormonal therapy.

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Book SynopsisThe constellation of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia within an individual, is referred to as metabolic syndrome (MetS), and is increasing in prevalence in the United States and world-wide. Patients with MetS have a heightened probability of developing type 2 diabetes and atherothromotic disease. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the classification, risk factors and health impact of metabolic syndrome. Topics include the pathophysiological changes to the vasculature and inflammation within the skeletal muscle that accompany MetS; metabolic syndrome in children; role of triglyceride modifier genetic variants in the development of MetS; subclinical atherosclerosis and risk of stroke in metabolic syndrome; nuclear receptors and MetS; vascular repair by endothelial progenitor cells in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome; chromium mediations of glucose tolerance; and sleep disturbances and glucose variability.

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Book SynopsisThe hallmark of insulin resistance is an obstacle to glucose uptake, resulting in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing world-wide and is becoming an important health problem. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of insulin resistance including: the pathophysiological basis for antioxidant therapy of insulin resistance; new insight into the regulation of insulin resistance; burn injury and its association with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia which complicates clinical management; and lipoprotein lipase and its role in insulin resistance.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors discuss the chemical structure, biosynthesis and role in disease of triglycerides. Topics include lipid levels in neuropsychiatric disorders; the role of circadian clocks in the absorption and metabolism of dietary triglycerides; serum lipoprotein lipase mass as a novel biomarker of insulin sensitivity; and the effect of plasma lipids and APOE genotype on cognitive decline.

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Book SynopsisThe renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a major hormonal system that plays an essential role in regulating salt-water balance and blood pressure. In this book, the authors discuss the physiology, role in disease and health implications of RAS. Topics include the function of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system in ISIAH rats with stress-sensitive arterial hypertension; RAS implications for eye diseases, obesity and diabetes, and cardiovascular disease; intensive blockade of renin-angiotensin systems; glomerular renin-angiotensin system activation; the role of vitamin D in RAS; the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms; and a discussion on whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are a contradiction for contrast-induced nephropathy prophylaxis?

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Book SynopsisMelatonin was discovered in 1958 and has been the object of study from many points of view, including its synthesis, features, functions, and mechanisms of action in plants and animals. At present, there has been a tremendous amount of knowledge about this molecule. Initially considered a simple pineal neurohormone responsible for the regulation of the circadian rhythms of reproduction, it is now considered an outstanding molecule with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuromodulatory and cytoprotective properties. This book reviews the presence, mechanisms of action, and regulation of melatonin in plants, vertebrates, and mammals including humans. Clinical aspects of melatonin in human pathology are also covered. Among them, melatonin may be useful in the integrative aspects of cancer therapy either as a unique agent or in combination with other standard therapies. Administration of melatonin did not only show a promising role on the inhibition of numerous cancer pathways by its oncostatic properties, but also improved the quality of life and functional status in patients suffering from aggressive cancers, such as breast, prostate, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancer. The book also collects evidence from many research laboratories with special emphasis on the clinical aspects and potential uses of melatonin in several diseases. In light of the new findings, the information provided in this book has huge importance for considering melatonin in clinical practice for a wide range of diseases, and also for the development of new selective agonists of receptors and intracellular targets of melatonin.

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Book SynopsisClinical Handbook of Pediatric Endocrinology has been completely revised and updated! This comprehensive handbook is a quick reference guide for pediatric health care professionals practicing in hospitals and offices. This invaluable manual covers the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders with information on clinical and diagnostic findings, management/education, and evaluation for each diagnosis. Also included is a new chapter on hyperlipedemia and updated information on syndromes, stimulation testing, laboratory testing, medications, conversions and tables, growth charts, and patient education resources. This new edition is a must for every pediatric healthcare professional!

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Book SynopsisThis book contains a varied collection of chapters covering pinealectomy techniques used in current neuroscience research from over 19 internationally recognised scientists. In a total of 8 chapters, this book presents general information in pinealectomy covering topics from anatomy and histology of the pineal gland in animals to the melatonin system and different surgical techniques. This book forms an essential reference for anyone working in neuroscience, from beginner students to experienced researchers since basic information on different pinealectomy procedures used in animal models can be extremely hard to find.

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Book SynopsisEstradiol is the major steroid hormone which is involved in several organic functions, such as physiological sexual behaviour, development and maintenance of male and female reproductive organs, control of visceral secretion, modulation of immune system, and tumorigenesis. In this compilation, the authors discuss the synthesis, health effects and drug interactions of estradiol. Topics include the occurrence of estradiol in environmental waters; estradiol in the central nervous system and its role in neurodegeneration; the effects of estradiol on male and female reproductive tissues and the influence of endocrine disruptors; estradiol and prostate cancer; hydroxyestradiols and methoxyestradiols as endogenous factors associated to physiological and physiopathological conditions; oestrogen and functional gastrointestinal disorders; estradiol and memory; estradiol in the environment; use of combined therapy of estrogens with antidepressants; oestrogen and nitric oxide as a treatment for diabetes gastroparesis; estradiol synthesis after ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation; estradiol-mediated overmodulation of the neuroendocrine hormone dopamine is central to the pathophysiology of restless leg syndrome during pregnancy; and oestrogen modulation on oxidative stress and synaptic plasticity in the dorsal hippocampus.

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