Electronics engineering Books
Springer Attacks and Defenses for the InternetofThings
Book SynopsisAn Efficient Edge based Privacy preserving Range Aggregation Scheme for Aging in Place System.- An Empirical DNN Pruning Approach against Membership Inference Attacks.- A Conflict Aware Active Automata Learning Approach for BLE Device Status Machine Construction.- Optimizing Indoor Network Element Layout for Enhanced Signal Coverage and Security in Location Based Services.- An Efficient Lattice Based Authentication Protocol for the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network.- An IoT Based Privacy Preserving Computer Aided Diagnosis System for Skin Cancer Using Federated Learning and Homomorphic Encryption.- GCFuzz An Intelligent Method for Generating IoT Protocols Test Cases using GAN with CVAE.- VRMDA Verifiable and Robust Multi subset Data Aggregation scheme in IoT.- Assessing the Effectiveness of LLMs in Android Application Vulnerability Analysis.- Singularization A New Approach to Design Block Ciphers for Resource Constrained Devices.
£44.99
Springer Chipless RFID Handbook
Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Fundamentals of EM theory.- Fundamentals of Chipless RFID.- Coding using Chipless RFID Tags.- Design of Frequency-Domain Chipless RFID Tags.-Fabrication of Frequency-Domain Chipless RFID Tags.- Backscattered signal pre-processing.- Backscattered signal post-processing and decoding.- Chipless RFID tag readers.- Regulations and licensing.- Chipless RFID sensors.- Applications.
£237.49
Springer Design and Architecture for Signal and Image Processing
Book Synopsis.- Specialized Hardware Architecture for Efficient Processing..- CSD-Driven Speedup in RISC-V Processor..- Efficient FPGA implementation of ViT Non-Linear Functions..- LiFT: Lightweight,FPGA-tailored 3D object detection based on LIDAR data..- Efficient Processing using AI for Image, Vision and Signal Applications..- A practical HW-Aware NAS flow for AI vision applications on embedded heterogeneous SoCs..- Endoscopy image classification for wireless cpasules with CNNs on microcontroller-based platforms..- Joint Underwater Depth Estimation and Dehazing from Single Image using Attention U-Net..- KD-AHOSVD: Neural Network Compression via Knowledge Distillation and Tensor Decomposition..- Analysis of Emerging Techniques for Signal Processing Applications..- Novel scheduling and shifter networks for 5G LDPC decoders..- Comparison Between In-core Hardware IDS, Off-core Hardware IDS and Software IDS..- Comparative Study of Memory Optimization Techniques for Dataflow-modeled Applications.
£50.99
Springer Blockchain and Machine Learning Innovations
Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Building Intelligent Systems - Blockchain and Machine Learning Integration.- AI Powered Predictive Analytics in Decision Making.- Smart contracts and Predictive analytics.- Blockchain, Machine Learning, and the Future of Digital Identity.- Blockchain transforming data security in the era of AI.- Educational Transformations: Smart Learning with AI and Blockchain.- Privacy and security aspects in this fusion era.- Addressing concerns and solutions regarding privacy and security implications.- Integration of Machine learning and Blockchain and Machine Learning in Finance.- Decentralized Finance (DeFi): The Blockchain Disruption.- Exploring Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) with Machine Learning.- Integration of Blockchain and Machine Learning in Healthcare.- Health Tech: Enhancing Healthcare through Intelligent Systems.- Supply Chain Traceability with machine learning and Blockchain.- Reinventing Agriculture: AI and Blockchain in Farming Practices.- Gaming Revolution: Blockchain and ML in Entertainment.- Conclusion.
£170.99
£104.49
Springer Scale Space and Variational Methods in Computer
Book Synopsis
£104.49
Springer Proceedings of the 2025 CCToMM Symposium on Mechanisms Machines and Mechatronics
Book SynopsisThe Algebraic Parametric Coupler Point Curve Equation.- Tensegrity manipulator based on deformable, compressed members.- The Chebyshev Grübler Kutzbach Mobility Criterion Revisited.- Improving the Result Accuracy of the Analytical Method for Natural Frequencies of Compliant Mechanisms.- Extended Testing of a Map Merging Algorithm for Long Term Autonomous Navigation of Mobile Robots.- Bearing Over skidding Detection Using Frequency Analysis During Constant Speed Working Condition.- From zero stiffness to neutral stability using stress relaxation.- A Fully Compliant Pendulum Balancer with a Spherical Range of Motion.
£170.99
Springer Image Analysis
Book Synopsis.- Machine learning and deep learning..- FGGP: Fixed-Rate Gradient-First Gradual Pruning..- Addressing degeneracies in latent interpolation for diffusion models..- PHASE: Physiological Dynamics-Based Attention for SpO2 Estimation..- Non-stationary signal analysis: detrending and anomaly detection..- Centered Self-Attention Layers..- Deep Spatio-Temporal Neural Network for Air Quality Reanalysis..- Is Adversarial Training with Compressed Datasets Effective?..- Efficient Object-Centric Learning for Videos..- Out-of-Distribution Detection in Point-of-Care Ultrasound Breast Imaging using Variational Autoencoders..- Adversarially Informed Neural Fields for Computed Tomography Reconstruction..- Segmentation, Grouping, and Shape..- Statistical analysis of left ventricular remodeling following a myocardial infarct..- FAST-AID Brain: Fast and Accurate Segmentation Tool Using Artificial Intelligence Developed for Brain..- Data Augmentation-Based Unsupervised Domain Adaptation In Medical Imaging..- Diffusion Based Ambiguous Image Segmentation..- Vision for robotics and autonomous vehicles..- From Web Data to Real Fields: Low-Cost Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Agricultural Robots..- Efficient Real-time Quadcopter Propeller Detection and Attribute Estimation with High resolution Event Camera..- Road Grip Uncertainty Estimation Through Surface State Segmentation..- Biometrics, faces, body gestures and pose..- Progressive Feature Learning for Realistic Cloth-Changing Gait Recognition..- Infused Suppression Of Magnification Artefacts For Micro-AU Detection..- Continuous Normalizing Flows for Uncertainty-Aware Human Pose Estimation..- 3D vision from multiview and other sensors..- Towards an AI-Powered Video Assistant Referee System (VARS) for Association Football..- Visual Re-Ranking with Non-Visual Side Information..- FACT: Multinomial Misalignment Classification for Point Cloud Registration..- Compressing 3D Gaussian Splatting by Noise-Substituted Vector Quantization..- NVSMask3D: Hard Visual Prompting with Camera Pose Interpolation for 3D Open Vocabulary Instance Segmentation..- CSI2Depth: Spatio-Temporal Depth Images from Wi-Fi CSI Data via..- Transformer Networks and conditional Generative Adversarial Networks..- Spherical Harmonics Grid for Fast Ultrasound 3D Reconstruction..- Vision applications and systems..- Semi-Supervised Contrastive Training for Similar Image Identification in a Large Collection of Historical Books..- pix2pockets: Single Image Ball Detection for Shot Suggestions in 8-Ball Pool..- Contour Detection in Glass Fiber Layups with Geometric Prior..- Evaluating the Accuracy and Reliability of Camera-Based Physiological and Motion Signal Extraction Techniques in Virtual Reality Training Environments..- Sex Classification from Human Scent Using Image Interpretation of 2D Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Data.
£64.99
Springer Fundamentals of Stochastic Signals Systems and Estimation Theory
Book SynopsisReview of The Theory of Probability and Random Variables.- Fundamentals of Stochastic Processes.- Linear Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems.- Linear Continuous Time Stochastic Systems.- Fundamentals of Estimation.- Optimum Nonrecursive Linear Estimation: Wiener Filtering.- Optimum Recursive Linear Estimation: Kalman Filtering.- Extensions of The Optimum Recursive (Kalman) Filter.
£113.99
Springer Project Management in Cloud and IoT Applications
Book SynopsisCloud Project Management.- Cloud and SW Project Business Cases.- Cloud Product Development Process.- Planning Layout for the Project.- Communications: The Life Blood of a Project.- Regulatory Compliant Product Development.- Rules of Thumb for Success.- New Value Creation.
£94.99
Springer Signal Processing for Autonomous Systems
Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Fisher Statistics and Maximum Likelihood Estimation.- Bayesian Estimation.- Navigation Satellite System.- Introduction To Lidar.- Introduction To Radar.- Velocity And Distance Estimation.- Frequency Estimation.- Array Beamforming.- Array Signal Pre-Processing.- Communication Principles.- Multiple Access Methods.- Cellular Systems.- Wireless Channels.- CDMA System.- Orthogonal Frequency Division.- Multiplex.- MIMO Systems.- Radar Signal Processing.- Conclusion.
£113.99
£237.49
Springer International Conference on Reliable Systems Engineering ICoRSE 2025
Book SynopsisAnalysis of Thermocouple Measurement Errors in Various Contact Methods During Turning Operations.- The Influence of High Chromium Powder Coatings on Wear Resistance of Working Parts.- Highly Compatible Geometric Calibration Method for Quadrupole Electromagnets used in Particle Accelerators.- Development of an Automated Control System for Laboratory Hydroponic Cultivation.- Modeling of Marine Gas Turbine Rotor Impeller Stress Strain State Caused by Forced Vibration and Creep Load.- Mathematical Modeling of the Effect of the Lithium Element on the Fluidity of Al-Si and Al-Cu Alloys.- Control of a Mechatronic Device for Measuring the Optometric Parameters of a Spectacle Wearer.- Dynamic Response of a Human Arm Model Using Lagrangian Multipliers Method Under Various Input Displacements.- Modeling of Combined Heating-Ventilating System.- Structural and parametric identification of mathematical models of HVAC systems.
£142.49
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Distributed Computing and Intelligent Technology
£66.49
de Gruyter Carbon for Micro and Nano Devices
Book Synopsis
£56.52
De Gruyter Electrochemical Methods for the Micro- and Nanoscale: Theoretical Essentials, Instrumentation and Methods for Applications in MEMS and Nanotechnology
Book SynopsisAre electrochemical methods like asking the crystal ball? Once you read this book about electrochemistry on the micro- and nanoscale, you know it better. This textbook presents the essentials of electrochemical theory, sheds light on the instrumentation, including details on the electronics, and in the second part, discusses a wide variety of classical and advanced methods. The third part of the book covers how to apply the techniques for selected aspects of material science, microfabrication, nanotechnology, MEMS, NEMS, and energy applications. With this book, you will be able to successfully apply the methods in the fields of sensors, neurotechnology, biomedical engineering, and electrochemical energy systems. Undergraduate or Master students can read the book linearly as a comprehensive textbook. For Ph.D. students, postdoctoral researchers as well as for researchers in industry, the book will help by its clear structure to get fast answers from a specific section. The detailed understanding of the methods helps the reader successfully apply electrochemistry, especially at the micro- and nanoscale. Selected aspects illustrate the application of electrochemical methods in the fields of sensors, neurotechnology, biomedical engineering, and electrochemical energy systems.
£77.90
Springer International Publishing AG FIB Nanostructures
Book SynopsisFIB Nanostructures reviews a range of methods, including milling, etching, deposition, and implantation, applied to manipulate structures at the nanoscale. Focused Ion Beam (FIB) is an important tool for manipulating the structure of materials at the nanoscale, and substantially extends the range of possible applications of nanofabrication. FIB techniques are widely used in the semiconductor industry and in materials research for deposition and ablation, including the fabrication of nanostructures such as nanowires, nanotubes, nanoneedles, graphene sheets, quantum dots, etc. The main objective of this book is to create a platform for knowledge sharing and dissemination of the latest advances in novel areas of FIB for nanostructures and related materials and devices, and to provide a comprehensive introduction to the field and directions for further research. Chapters written by leading scientists throughout the world create a fundamental bridge between focused ion beam and nanotechnology that is intended to stimulate readers' interest in developing new types of nanostructures for application to semiconductor technology. These applications are increasingly important for the future development of materials science, energy technology, and electronic devices. The book can be recommended for physics, electrical engineering, and materials science departments as a reference on materials science and device design.Table of ContentsPrefaceChapter 1: Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technology for micro and nanoscale fabricationsChapter 2: Epitaxial ferroelectric nanostructures fabricated by FIB millingChapter 3: Low current focused-ion-beam milling for freestanding nanomaterial characterizationChapter 4: Focused ion beam milling of carbon nanotube yarns and Bucky-papers: Correlating their internal structure with their macro-propertiesChapter 5: Nanoscale electrical contacts grown by Focused-Ion-Beam (FIB) Induced DepositionChapter 6: Metal induced crystallization of focused ion beam induced deposition for functional patterned ultrathin nanocarbonChapter 7: Deterministic Fabrication of Micro- and Nano-Structures by Focused Ion BeamChapter 8: Application of ion beam processes to scanning probe microscopyChapter 9: Fabrication of needle-shaped specimens containing sub-surface nanostructures for Electron TomographyChapter 10: Fabrication technique of deformation carriers (gratings and speckle patterns) with FIB for micro/nano-scale deformation measurementChapter 11: Controlled Quantum Dot Formation on Focused Ion Beam patterned GaAs SubstratesChapter 12: Development of Functional Metallic Glassy Materials by FIB and Nano-imprint TechnologiesChapter 13: Nanostructured Materials Driven by Dielectrophoresis on Nanoelectrods Patterned by Focused Ion BeamChapter 14: Focused Ion Beam Assisted Nano-Scale Processing and Thermoelectrical CharacterizationChapter 15: FIB design for Nanofluidic applicationsChapter 16: FIB Patterning of Stainless Steel for the Development of Nano-Structured Stent Surfaces for Cardiovascular ApplicationsChapter 17: Evaluation of damages induced by Ga+ focused ion beam in piezoelectric nanostructuresChapter 18: Instabilities in Focused Ion Beam-patterned nanostructuresChapter 19: Nanostructures by mass-separated FIB Index
£123.49
Springer International Publishing AG Noise-Shaping All-Digital Phase-Locked Loops: Modeling, Simulation, Analysis and Design
Book SynopsisThis book presents a novel approach to the analysis and design of all-digital phase-locked loops (ADPLLs), technology widely used in wireless communication devices. The authors provide an overview of ADPLL architectures, time-to-digital converters (TDCs) and noise shaping. Realistic examples illustrate how to analyze and simulate phase noise in the presence of sigma-delta modulation and time-to-digital conversion. Readers will gain a deep understanding of ADPLLs and the central role played by noise-shaping. A range of ADPLL and TDC architectures are presented in unified manner. Analytical and simulation tools are discussed in detail. Matlab code is included that can be reused to design, simulate and analyze the ADPLL architectures that are presented in the book.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Phase Digitization in All-Digital PLLs.- A Unifying Framework for TDC Architectures.- Analytical Predictions of Phase Noise in ADPLLs.- Advantages of Noise Shaping and Dither.- Efficient Modeling and Simulation of Accumulator-Based ADPLLs.- Modelling and Estimating Phase Noise with Matlab.
£85.49
Springer International Publishing AG Piezoelectric Accelerometers with Integral Electronics
Book SynopsisThis book provides an invaluable reference to Piezoelectric Accelerometers with Integral Electronics (IEPE). It describes the design and performance parameters of IEPE accelerometers and their key elements, PE transducers and FET-input amplifiers. Coverage includes recently designed, low-noise and high temperature IEPE accelerometers. Readers will benefit from the detailed noise analysis of the IEPE accelerometer, which enables estimation of its noise floor and noise limits. Other topics useful for designers of low-noise, high temperature silicon-based electronics include noise analysis of FET amplifiers, experimental investigation and comparison of low-frequency noise in different JFETs and MOSFETs, and ultra-low-noise JFETs (at level of 0.6 nV/√Hz). The discussion also includes ultra-low-noise (at level of 3 ng/√Hz) seismic IEPE accelerometers and high temperature (up to 175 ̊C) triaxial and single axis miniature IEPE accelerometers, along with key factors for their design.• Provides a comprehensive reference to the design and performance of IEPE accelerometers, including low-noise and high temperature IEPE sensors;• Includes noise analysis of the IEPE accelerometer, which enables estimation of the its noise floor and noise limits;• Describes recently design of ultra-low-noise (at level of 3 ng/√Hz) IEPE seismic accelerometers and high temperature (up to 175 ̊C) triaxial and single axis miniature IEPE accelerometers;• Compares low-frequency noise in different JFETs and MOSFETs including measurement results of ultra-low-noise (at level of 0.6 nV/√Hz) JFET;• Presents key factors for design of low-noise and high temperature IEPE accelerometer and their electronics.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Piezoelectric Accelerometers with Integral Electronics.- Piezoelectric Transducers Used for Piezoelectric Accelerometers with Integral Electronics.- Integral FET Amplifiers Used for IEPE Accelerometers.- Noise of a FET Amplifier.- Comparison of 1/f Noise and Thermal Noise in JFETs and MOSFETs.- Fundamental Noise Limit of an IEPE Accelerometer.- Noise of and IEPE Accelerometer.- Ultra-low-noise IEPE Seismic Accelerometers.- High-temperature, up to 175 ºC, Miniature IEPE Accelerometers.
£104.49
Springer International Publishing AG Stepped-Frequency Radar Sensors: Theory, Analysis and Design
Book SynopsisThis book presents the theory, analysis and design of microwave stepped-frequency radar sensors. Stepped-frequency radar sensors are attractive for various sensing applications that require fine resolution. The book consists of five chapters. The first chapter describes the fundamentals of radar sensors including applications followed by a review of ultra-wideband pulsed, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW), and stepped-frequency radar sensors. The second chapter discusses a general analysis of radar sensors including wave propagation in media and scattering on targets, as well as the radar equation. The third chapter addresses the analysis of stepped-frequency radar sensors including their principles and design parameters. Chapter 4 presents the development of two stepped-frequency radar sensors at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies based on microwave integrated circuits (MICs), microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) and printed-circuit antennas, and discusses their signal processing. Chapter 5 provides the electrical characterization and test results of the developed microwave and millimeter-wave stepped-frequency radar sensors. Finally, a summary and conclusion is provided.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- General Radar Sensor Analysis.- Stepped-Frequency Radar Sensor Analysis.- Development of Stepped-Frequency Radar Sensors.- System Characterization and Tests.- Summary and Conclusions.
£54.99
Springer International Publishing AG The Physical Processes and Observing Techniques of Radio Astronomy: An Introduction
Book SynopsisThis is a textbook for undergraduate courses on radio astronomy. Written by an active professor and researcher in the field, it begins by explaining why conducting observations at radio frequencies is so important, then reviews essential physics concepts corresponding to a sophomore-level curriculum or higher. Next, the book introduces students to single dish telescopes and interferometers. The most commonly encountered emission mechanisms seen in radio astronomy are then explained, along with examples of astronomical sources broadly divided into the types of sources seen in galactic and extragalactic observations. Each chapter provides examples and exercises suitable for homework assignments. Also included is an appendix of useful supplementary material. Altogether, the book is a comprehensive, yet digestible starting point for physics and astronomy undergraduates looking to understand the basics of radio astronomy.Trade Review“Radio astronomy is increasingly accessible as part of the undergraduate teaching curriculum, both as a practical activity and as part of the broader study of astrophysics. … it is well illustrated with colour figures, has a good set of sample problems with answers … . For those looking for a short one-volume text, it is certainly worth considering.” (Martin Hardcastle, The Observatory, Vol. 141 (1284), October, 2021)Table of ContentsChapter1. Introduction: Why Make Observations at Radio Frequencies?.- Chapter2. Angles, Gravity, Light, The Bohr Model of the Atom and Relativity.- Chapter3. Emission Mechanisms: Blackbody Radiation, An Introduction to Radiative Transfer, Synchrotron Radiation, Thermal Bremsstrahlung and Molecular Transitions.- Chapter4. Radio Observations: An Introduction to Fourier Transforms, Observing Through Earth’s Atmosphere, Single Dish Telescopes and Interferometers.- Chapter5. Solar System Radio Astronomy: The Sun, The Planets, The Moon and Minor Bodies.- Chapter6. Galactic Radio Astronomy: Galactic Structure, HII Regions, Supernova Remnants, Neutron Stars and Pulsars.- Chapter7. Extragalactic Radio Astronomy: Galaxy Classification, Active Galactic Nuclei, Superluminal Motion, Galaxy Clusters and the Microwave Background.
£44.99
Springer International Publishing AG Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound
Book SynopsisThis improved and updated second edition covers the theory, development, and design of electro-acoustic transducers for underwater applications. This highly regarded text discusses the basics of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers that are currently being used as well as promising new designs. It presents the basic acoustics as well as the specific acoustics data needed in transducer design and evaluation. A broad range of designs of projectors and hydrophones are described in detail along with methods of modeling, evaluation, and measurement. Analysis of projector and hydrophone transducer arrays, including the effects of mutual radiation impedance and numerical models for elements and arrays, are also covered. The book includes new advances in transducer design and transducer materials and has been completely reorganized to be suitable for use as a textbook, as well as a reference or handbook. The new edition contains corrections to the first edition, end-of-chapter exercises, and solutions to selected exercises. Each chapter includes a short introduction, end-of-chapter summary, and an extensive reference list offering the reader more detailed information and historical context. A glossary of key terms is also included at the end.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction. 1.1 Brief History of Underwater Sound Transducers. 1.2 Underwater Transducer Applications. 1.3 General Description of Linear Electroacoustic Transduction. 1.4 Transducer Characteristics. 1.5 Transducer Arrays.- Chapter 2: Electroacoustic Transduction. 2.1 Piezoelectric Transducers. 2.2 Electroconstrictive Transducers. 2.3 Magnetostrictive Transducers. 2.4 Electrostatic Transducers. 2.5 Variable Reluctance Transducers. 2.6 Moving Coil Transducers. 2.7 Comparison of Transducer Mechanisms. 2.8 Equivalent Circuits. 2.9 Thermal Considerations. 2.10 Extended Equivalent Circuits.- Chapter 3: Transducer Models. 3.1 Lumped Parameter Models and Equivalent Circuits. 3.2 Distributed Models. 3.3 Matrix Models. 3.4 Finite Element Models.- Chapter 4: Transducer Characteristics. 4.1 Resonance Frequency. 4.2 The Mechanical Quality Factor. 4.3 Characteristic Mechanical Impedance. 4.4 Electromechanical Coupling Coefficient. 4.5 Parameter Based Figure of Merit (FOM).- Chapter 5: Transducers as Projectors. 5.1 Principles of Operation. 5.2 Ring and Spherical Transducers. 5.3 Piston Transducers. 5.4 Transmission Line Transducers. 5.5 Flextensional Transducers. 5.6 Flexural Transducers. 5.7 Modal Transducers. 5.8 Low Profile Transducers.- Chapter 6: Transducers as Hydrophones. 6.1 Principles of Operation. 6.2 Cylindrical and Spherical Hydrophones. 6.3 Planar Hydrophones. 6.4 Bender Hydrophones. 6.5 Vector Hydrophones. 6.6 Plane Wave Diffraction Constant. 6.7 Hydrophone Thermal Noise.- Chapter 7: Projector Arrays. 7.1 Array Directivity Functions. 7.2 Mutual Radiation Impedance and the Array Equations. 7.3 Calculation of Mutual Radiation Impedance. 7.4 Arrays of Non-FVD Transducers. 7.5 Volume Arrays. 7.6 Near Field of Projector Array. 7.7 The Nonlinear Parametric Array.Doubly Steered Arrays.- Chapter 8: Hydrophone Arrays. 8.1 Hydrophone Array Directional Response. 8.2 Array Gain. 8.3 Sources and Properties of Noise in Arrays. 8.4 Reduction of Array Noise. 8.5 Arrays of Vector Sensors. 8.6 Steered Planar Circular Arrays. 8.7 Array Absorption and Transparency.- Chapter 9: Transducer Evaluation and Measurement. 9.1 Electrical Measurement of Transducers in Air. 9.2 Measurement of Transducers in Water. 9.3 Measurement of Transducer Efficiency. 9.4 Acoustic Responses of Transducers. 9.5 Reciprocity Calibration. 9.6 Tuned Responses. 9.7 Near-Field Measurements. 9.8 Calibrated reference Transducers.- Chapter 10: Acoustic Radiation from Transducers. 10.1 The Acoustic Radiation Problem. 10.2 Far Field Acoustic Radiation 10.3 Near-Field Acoustic Radiation. 10.4 Radiation Impedance. 10.5 Dipole Coupling to a Parasitic Monopole.- Chapter 11: Mathematical Models for Acoustic Radiation. 11.1 Mutual Radiation Impedance. 11.2 Green's Theorem and Acoustic Reciprocity. 11.3 Scattering and the Diffraction Constant. 11.4 Numerical Models for Acoustic Calculations.- Chapter 12: Nonlinear Mechanisms and Their Effects. 12.1 Nonlinear Mechanisms in Lumped Parameter Transducers. 12.2 Analysis of Nonlinear Effects. 12.3 Nonlinear Analysis of Distributed-Parameter Transducers. 12.4 Nonlinear Effects on the Electromechanical Coupling Coefficient.- Appendix.- Glossary of Terms.- Solutions for Odd-Numbered Exercises.-Index.
£54.99
Springer International Publishing AG Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound
Book SynopsisThis improved and updated second edition covers the theory, development, and design of electro-acoustic transducers for underwater applications. This highly regarded text discusses the basics of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers that are currently being used as well as promising new designs. It presents the basic acoustics as well as the specific acoustics data needed in transducer design and evaluation. A broad range of designs of projectors and hydrophones are described in detail along with methods of modeling, evaluation, and measurement. Analysis of projector and hydrophone transducer arrays, including the effects of mutual radiation impedance and numerical models for elements and arrays, are also covered. The book includes new advances in transducer design and transducer materials and has been completely reorganized to be suitable for use as a textbook, as well as a reference or handbook. The new edition contains corrections to the first edition, end-of-chapter exercises, and solutions to selected exercises. Each chapter includes a short introduction, end-of-chapter summary, and an extensive reference list offering the reader more detailed information and historical context. A glossary of key terms is also included at the end.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction. 1.1 Brief History of Underwater Sound Transducers. 1.2 Underwater Transducer Applications. 1.3 General Description of Linear Electroacoustic Transduction. 1.4 Transducer Characteristics. 1.5 Transducer Arrays.- Chapter 2: Electroacoustic Transduction. 2.1 Piezoelectric Transducers. 2.2 Electroconstrictive Transducers. 2.3 Magnetostrictive Transducers. 2.4 Electrostatic Transducers. 2.5 Variable Reluctance Transducers. 2.6 Moving Coil Transducers. 2.7 Comparison of Transducer Mechanisms. 2.8 Equivalent Circuits. 2.9 Thermal Considerations. 2.10 Extended Equivalent Circuits.- Chapter 3: Transducer Models. 3.1 Lumped Parameter Models and Equivalent Circuits. 3.2 Distributed Models. 3.3 Matrix Models. 3.4 Finite Element Models.- Chapter 4: Transducer Characteristics. 4.1 Resonance Frequency. 4.2 The Mechanical Quality Factor. 4.3 Characteristic Mechanical Impedance. 4.4 Electromechanical Coupling Coefficient. 4.5 Parameter Based Figure of Merit (FOM).- Chapter 5: Transducers as Projectors. 5.1 Principles of Operation. 5.2 Ring and Spherical Transducers. 5.3 Piston Transducers. 5.4 Transmission Line Transducers. 5.5 Flextensional Transducers. 5.6 Flexural Transducers. 5.7 Modal Transducers. 5.8 Low Profile Transducers.- Chapter 6: Transducers as Hydrophones. 6.1 Principles of Operation. 6.2 Cylindrical and Spherical Hydrophones. 6.3 Planar Hydrophones. 6.4 Bender Hydrophones. 6.5 Vector Hydrophones. 6.6 Plane Wave Diffraction Constant. 6.7 Hydrophone Thermal Noise.- Chapter 7: Projector Arrays. 7.1 Array Directivity Functions. 7.2 Mutual Radiation Impedance and the Array Equations. 7.3 Calculation of Mutual Radiation Impedance. 7.4 Arrays of Non-FVD Transducers. 7.5 Volume Arrays. 7.6 Near Field of Projector Array. 7.7 The Nonlinear Parametric Array.Doubly Steered Arrays.- Chapter 8: Hydrophone Arrays. 8.1 Hydrophone Array Directional Response. 8.2 Array Gain. 8.3 Sources and Properties of Noise in Arrays. 8.4 Reduction of Array Noise. 8.5 Arrays of Vector Sensors. 8.6 Steered Planar Circular Arrays. 8.7 Array Absorption and Transparency.- Chapter 9: Transducer Evaluation and Measurement. 9.1 Electrical Measurement of Transducers in Air. 9.2 Measurement of Transducers in Water. 9.3 Measurement of Transducer Efficiency. 9.4 Acoustic Responses of Transducers. 9.5 Reciprocity Calibration. 9.6 Tuned Responses. 9.7 Near-Field Measurements. 9.8 Calibrated reference Transducers.- Chapter 10: Acoustic Radiation from Transducers. 10.1 The Acoustic Radiation Problem. 10.2 Far Field Acoustic Radiation 10.3 Near-Field Acoustic Radiation. 10.4 Radiation Impedance. 10.5 Dipole Coupling to a Parasitic Monopole.- Chapter 11: Mathematical Models for Acoustic Radiation. 11.1 Mutual Radiation Impedance. 11.2 Green's Theorem and Acoustic Reciprocity. 11.3 Scattering and the Diffraction Constant. 11.4 Numerical Models for Acoustic Calculations.- Chapter 12: Nonlinear Mechanisms and Their Effects. 12.1 Nonlinear Mechanisms in Lumped Parameter Transducers. 12.2 Analysis of Nonlinear Effects. 12.3 Nonlinear Analysis of Distributed-Parameter Transducers. 12.4 Nonlinear Effects on the Electromechanical Coupling Coefficient.- Appendix.- Glossary of Terms.- Solutions for Odd-Numbered Exercises.-Index.
£39.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Widerstände, Kondensatoren, Spulen und ihre
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Widerstände und ihre Werkstoffe.- 2 Kondensatoren und Isolierstoffe (dielektrische Werkstoffe).- 3 Spulen, Übertrager und magnetische Werkstoffe.- Anhang. Grundlagen der Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und -synthese (A. Vlcek).- 1. Begriffsbestimmungen.- 2. Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und -synthese.- 3. Ermittlung von Zuverlässigkeitsparametern.- Literatur.- 1. Widerstände und ihre Werkstoffe.- 2. Kondensatoren und Isolierstoffe (dielektrische Werkstoffe).- 3. Spulen, Übertrager und magnetische Werkstoffe.- Anhang. Grundlagen der Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse und -synthese.
£44.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG History of Semiconductor Engineering
Book SynopsisThis book provides a unique account of the history of integrated circuit, the microelectronics industry and the people involved in the development of transistor and integrated circuit. In this richly illustrated account the author argues that the group of inventors was much larger than originally thought. This is a personal recollection providing the first comprehensive behind-the-scenes account of the history of the integrated circuit. Trade ReviewFrom pre-publication reviews "Your book is going to make a major contribution to semiconductor history. You and I agree that, while the world loves a hero, semiconductor progress depended on the efforts and ideas of a large number of people, and that moving forward depended on contributors going back a few decades in some cases. Also, as is the case with most inventions, a number of people with access to the same pool of common knowledge were working independently at the same time to put it all together and to make the necessary extensions to the existing technology and who realized that the time was right for society to accept the new concepts. Your diligent research points all this out." Dr. Jay Last, former Shockley Laboratories employee, co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor, co-founder of Amelco Semiconductor, and manager of the Fairchild’s group which design and produced the world first planar integrated circuit "Bo Lojek presents a remarkable document of the most important and significant technical development of our times. He describes in astounding detail the engineering efforts of modern microelectronics. He concentrates on the history of silicon semiconductor devices. California’s "Silicon Valley" is the center of attention, together with its ancestry of transistor invention at Bell Laboratories. He has collected a wealth of illustrative documentation, gives incisive insight into the lives of the main actors and shows the often tragic fates of the engineers and businessmen. He does not hide his firm believe in the individual engineer and warns of the retarding influence of present-day political correctness." Dr. Hans J. Queisser, former Shockley Semiconductor scientist and retired director of the Max-Planck-Institute for Solids, Stuttgart "The technical history of the semiconductor industry rivals the 1849 California Gold Rush as a period filled with excitement and opportunity. Although I cannot first hand validate its complete accuracy, I enthusiastically encourage you to read the collected facts, opinions, and views of an author who was actually part of this amazing period, viewing it as a successful practicing Engineer during this "gold rush" like hay-day of the semiconductor industry.For educators and technologists you will find this collection of data, facts, and opinions, collected and observed first hand by the author, fascinating! It is a tough read for others due to the writing experience of the author and its technical focus." John F. Gifford, former Fairchild Semiconductor Marketing Manager of Linear Integrated Circuits, co-founder of Advanced Micro Devices, and President and Chief Executive Officer of Maxim Integrated Products "Bo Lojek gets it right! There are few industries as dynamic as semiconductors and the history of the semiconductor industry is still unfolding. This book gives history of the people, places and the technology that resulted in today's semiconductor industry. I particularly like the inclusion of many technical pieces in the book." Robert Dobkin, former National Semiconductor Director of Advanced Circuit Development and co-founder and Chief Technical Officer of Linear Technology Corporation "This book contains an enormous amount of important material, much of it obtained by intense individual research by the author. The author's viewpoint leads him to different stories and credits from those generally accepted by the media. This feature may make the book more interesting reading for some. However, its real value is as remarkably detailed account of accomplishments that constitutes semiconductor microelectronics." Dr. Morgan Sparks, Former Bell Laboratories scientist, designer of the world's first junction transistor, and retired president of Sandia LaboratoriesTable of ContentsPrologue.- Research Organization: Bell Telephone Laboratories.- Grown Junction and Diffused Transistors.- Shockley Semiconductor Laboratories.- Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation — Subsidiary of Fairchild Camera and Instrument Company.- Driving the Company Out of Business.- Integrated Circuits outside Fairchild Semiconductor.- Linear Integrated Circuits: Pre-Widlar Era Prior to 1963.- Robert J. Widlar — The Genius, The Legend, The Bohemian.- National Semiconductor — A New Type of Semiconductor Company.- The MOS Transistor.- Epilogue.
£132.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Piezoelectric Sensorics: Force Strain Pressure Acceleration and Acoustic Emission Sensors Materials and Amplifiers
Book SynopsisFor the first time, this book covers the entire field of piezoelectric sensors for mechanical measurands. It gives extensive practical advice along with an overview of the most important piezoelectric materials and their properties, plus consistent terminology for describing sensors. Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Piezoelectric Sensorics is the first book written in English to cover the entire field of piezoelectric sensors for mechanical measurands. It provides a comprehensive overview of the subject and describes the characteristics and practical applications for each type of sensor presented. … This book is well written, technically informative and a pleasure to read. It provides extensive practical advice and clear coverage of the theory, making it suitable for students, scientists, technicians and engineers." (Sensor Review, Vol. 22 (4), 2002) "This book covers the entire field of piezoelectric sensors for mechanical measurands. Scientists, engineers and technicians, as well as students in engineering will find in this book for the first time a complete overview of this special type of sensors. Extensive practical advice is given throughout the text allowing the reader to profit from author’s many years of experience. … numerous examples illustrate the vast range of practical applications." (ETDE Energy Database, October, 2002)Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Background of Piezoelectric Sensors.- 3 Piezoelectric Materials for Sensors.- 4 Piezoelectric Sensor Terminology.- 5 Piezoelectric Sensors.- 6 Force and Torque Sensors.- 7 Strain Sensors.- 8 Pressure Sensors.- 9 Acceleration Sensors.- 10 Acoustic Emission Sensors.- 11 Amplifiers for Piezoelectric Sensors.- References.- List of Manufacturers.
£85.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Taschenbuch der Hochfrequenztechnik: Band 1:
Book Synopsis
£113.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG MOS-Feldeffekttransistoren
Book SynopsisDieses moderne Lehr- und Nachschlagewerk stellt die Funktionsweise und elektronischen Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Prinzipien des MOS-Transistors- insbesondere f}r den VLSI- Bereich - umfassend dar. Verst{ndliche und zusammenfassend wertende Darstellung des Gleichstrom-, Wechselstrom-, Frequenz- und Schaltverhaltens des MOS-Transistors einschlie~lich der jeweiligen Transistormodelle. Betonte Behandlung der Besonderheiten f r den VLSI-Bereich (Einflu~ kleiner Abmessungen, Submikrometermodellierung, Einflu~ typischer Technologieschritte). Umfassendes Literaturverzeichnis bietet vielf{litge Vertiefungsm glichkeiten.Table of Contents1. Der MOS-Feldeffektransistor, das wichtigste Bauelement innerhalb der Familie der Feldeffekttransistoren.- 2. Der MOS-Transistor als Funktionselement. Grundlagen, Wirkprinzip und Kennlinienmodell.- 2.1 Der MOS-Zweipol.- 2.1.1 Die Raumladungszone.- 2.1.2 Einfluß von Austrittsarbeit und Oberflächenzuständen auf die Flachbandspannung.- 2.1.3 Kapazität des MOS-Zweipols.- 2.1.4 Der MOS-Zweipol mit zugängiger Inversionsschicht.- 2.2 Der MOS-Transitor. Grundlegende Kennlinieneigenschaften.- 2.2.1 Wirkprinzip. Grundmodell.- 2.3 Verbesserte Modellierung.- 2.3.1 Verallgemeinertes Flächenladungsmodell.- 2.3.1.1 Drift- und Diffusionsstrom-Kennlinienmodell.- 2.3.1.2 Kennlinie im Bereich starker Inversion.- 2.3.1.3 Linearisierung der Verarmungsladung.- 2.3.1.4 Vergleich der Kennlinienmodelle.- 2.3.1.5 Kennlinie bei schwacher Inversion.- 2.3.1.6 Bereich mittlerer Inversion.- 2.3.2 Besondere physikalische Effekte.- 2.3.2.1 Beweglichkeitsmodellierung.- 2.3.2.2 Kanallängenmodulation. Sättigungsverhalten.- 2.3.2.3 Durchbruchsverhalten.- 2.3.2.3.1 Lawinendurchbruch.- 2.3.2.3.2 Gatedurchbruch. Schutzmaßnahmen.- 2.3.3 Strom-Spannungsverhalten verschiedener MOSFET.- 2.3.3.1 p-Kanal-Anreicherungs-MOSFET.- 2.3.3.2 n-Kanal-Verarmungs-MOSFET.- 2.3.3.3 MOSFET mit implantiertem Kanal gleichen Leitungstyps zum Substrat.- 2.3.3.4 MOSFET mit implantiertem Kanal entgegengesetzten Leitungstyps, n-Kanal Verarmungstransistor.- 2.3.3.4.1 Betriebsmoden.- 2.3.3.4.2 Stromfluß. Kennlinie.- 2.3.3.4.3 Verarmungstransistor.- 2.3.3.4.4 Anreicherungstransistor.- 2.4 Der MOSFET bei abnehmenden Geometrien. Kurzkanal- und Schmalkanaleffekte. Submikrometertransistor.- 2.4.1 Geometrieabhängigkeit der Schwellspannung.- 2.4.1.1 Kurzkanalsch wellspannung.- 2.4.1.2 Schmalkanalschwellspannung.- 2.4.1.3 Kleingeometrieeffekte.- 2.4.1.4 Kurzkanalschwellspannung des MOSFET mit vergrabenem Kanal.- 2.4.1.5 Kennlinien im Bereich schwacher Inversion bei Kurzkanaleffekt.- 2.4.2 Hochfeldeffekte.- 2.4.2.1 Durchgreifeffekt.- 2.4.2.2 Heißelektroneneffekte.- 2.4.2.2.1 Heiße Ladungsträger im Oxid. Gatestrom..- 2.4.2.2.2 Durchbruchserscheinungen.- 2.4.3 Transporteffekte.- 2.4.3.1 Beweglichkeit, Geschwindigkeitssättigung.- 2.4.3.2 Transporteffekte.- 2.4.4 Source-Drainwiderstände und ihre Auswirkungen.- 2.4.5 Skalierung.- 3. Der MOSFET im dynamischen Betrieb.- 3.1 Kleinsignal verhalten für tiefe Frequenzen.- 3.1.1 Formale Darstellung. Kleinsignalparameter.- 3.1.2 Kleinsignalparameter.- 3.1.2.1 Gatesteilheit gm.- 3.1.2.2 Substratsteilheit gmb.- 3.1.2.3 Drainleitwert gd.- 3.1.2.4 Gate-, Substratdurchgriff.- 3.1.2.5 Einfluß der Bahnwiderstände.- 3.2 Signalverhalten im quasistationären Betrieb.- 3.2.1 Der MOSFET als ladungsgesteuertes Bauelement.- 3.2.1.1 Prinzip der Ladungssteuerung.- 3.2.1.2 Strom-Ladungsbeziehungen.- 3.2.1.3 Ladungsanalyse.- 3.2.1.3.1 Ladungsmodell des Langkanaltransistors..- 3.2.1.3.2 Ladungsmodell des Kurzkanaltransistors..- 3.2.1.3.3 Ladungsmodell des Verarmungstransistors.- 3.2.2 Linearisierung des ladungsgesteuerten MOSFET. Kapazitäten.- 3.2.2.1 Nichtreziproke Kapazität.- 3.2.2.2 Kapazitätsbeziehungen.- 3.2.2.3 Kapazitätsanordnung in der Vierpolersatzschaltung.- 3.2.2.4 Ladung und Kapazitäten.- 3.2.2.5 Parasitäre Elemente.- 3.2.3 Allgemeine Kleinsignalersatzschaltung.- 3.3 Dynamisches Verhalten.- 3.3.1 Modell, Grundgleichungen.- 3.3.2 Quasistatische Betrachtung.- 3.3.3 Substrateinbezug.- 3.3.3.1 Grundgleichung der Kanalspannung und ihre Lösung.- 3.3.3.2 Die Admittanzparameter und Ersatzschaltelemente..- 3.3.4 Ersatzschaltung.- 3.3.4.1 Quasistatische Ersatzschaltung.- 3.3.4.2 Nichtquasistatische Ersatzschaltung.- 3.3.5 Vergleich der Ladungsmodelle.- 3.4 MOSFET-Modelle für den Schaltungsentwurf.- 3.4.1 Kompaktmodelle für die Schaltungssimulation.- 3.4.1.1 Kompaktmodelle für den Digitalschaltungsentwurf..- 3.4.1.2 Kompaktmodelle für den Analogschaltungsentwurf..- 3.4.2 Tabellenmodelle.- 3.5 Schalt- und Impulsverhalten.- 3.5.1 Quasistatisches Schaltverhalten.- 3.5.2 Dynamisches Verhalten.- 3.5.3 Schaltverhalten des dynamischen Grundelementes.- 4. Bauformen des MOSFET.- 4.1 Der MOSFET in integrierten Schaltungen.- 4.1.1 Bauformen.- 4.1.2 CMOS-Technik.- 4.1.2.1 CMOS-Inverter.- 4.1.2.2 Durchschalteffekt.- 4.1.2.3 Technologieaspekte.- 4.1.3 SOI-MOSFET.- 4.1.3.1 Typische Eigenschaften der MISIS-Grundstruktur.- 4.1.3.2 Kennlinien.- 4.2 Speicherfeldeffekttransistoren.- 4.2.1 MNOSFET.- 4.2.2 Floating-Gate-MOSFET.- 4.3 MOS-Leistungsbauelemente.- 4.3.1 Bauformen.- 4.3.2 Elektrische Eigenschaften.- 4.3.3 Weitere MOS-Leistungsbauelemente.- 4.3.4 Leistungshalbleiter-Schaltkreise.- 4.4 Temperaturverhalten.- 4.4.1 Kanaltemperatur, Temperaturkoeffizienten.- 4.4.2 Verhalten bei sehr tiefer Temperatur.- 4.4.3 Thermisch-elektrische Wechselwirkung in MOSFETs.
£49.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Elektronische Schaltungen 2:
Book SynopsisDieses zweibändige, grundlegende und tiefgehende Werk über analoge und digitale Schaltungstechnik bietet neben einer verständlichen Darstellung des Lehrstoffs viele umfangreiche Lernhilfen. Es ist daher besonders für Einsteiger und zum Selbst- und Fernstudium geeignet. Eine Vielzahl von detailliert durchgerechneten Beispielen, Aufgaben mit ausführlichen Lösungsvorschlägen, Merksätzen und Kapitelzusammenfassungen erleichtern das Lernen ebenso wie die zahlreichen Abbildungen und Tabellen. Das Werk entstand aus einer Vorlesung an der Fernuniversität Hagen. Der zweite Band behandelt Aufbau und Schaltungen des Operationsverstärkers, Digitale Schaltungen (Gatter-Familien, Flip-Flop-Typen, Dekoder/Enkoder, Multiplexer, Minimierungs- verfahren) sowie Verbindungsleitungen.Table of Contents7 Operationsverstärker.- 7.1 Allgemeines.- 7.2 Der ideale Operationsverstärker.- 7.3 Verstärker mit Bipolar-Transistoren.- 7.3.1 Die Eingangsstufe.- 7.3.2 Spannungsverstärkung und Potentialverschiebung.- 7.3.3 Gesamtschaltung.- 7.4 Verstärker mit MOS-Transistoren.- 7.4.1 Die Eingangsstufe.- 7.4.2 Spannungsverstärkung und Potentialverschiebung.- 7.5 Frequenz-Kompensation.- 7.5.1 Ursachen für Stabilitätsprobleme.- 7.5.2 Universalkompensation (Dominant-Pol-Kompensation) …..- 7.5.3 Kompensations-Kapazität im Rückkopplungs-Netzwerk ….- 7.5.4 Vorwärts-Kompensation.- 7.6 Schaltungsverhalten bei Dominant-Pol-Kompensation.- 7.6.1 Invertierender Verstärker.- 7.6.2 Nichtinvertierender Verstärker.- 7.6.3 Kaskadenschaltung von zwei gleichen Verstärkern.- 7.6.4 Kenngrößen im Zeitbereich.- 7.6.5 Nichtlineare Begrenzung der Anstiegs- und Abfallzeit („Slew Rate“).- 7.6.6 Instabiles Verhalten durch kapazitive Belastung.- 7.7 Offset-Erscheinungen.- 7.7.1 Offset-Spannung.- 7.7.2 Offset-Strom.- 7.7.3 Offset-Kompensation.- 7.7.4 Chopper-stabilisierte Operationsverstärker.- 7.8 Rauschen in Operationsverstärker-Schaltungen.- 7.8.1 Rauschen in Operationsverstärkern.- 7.8.2 Berechnung des Ausgangsrauschens.- 7.8.3 Äquivalente Rauschbandbreite.- 7.9 Zusammenfassung.- 7.10 Aufgaben.- 8 Schaltungen mit Operationsverstärkern.- 8.1 Allgemeines.- 8.2 Lineare Grundschaltungen.- 8.2.1 Invertierender Verstärker.- 8.2.2 Nichtinvertierender Verstärker.- 8.2.3 Subtrahier-Schaltung (Differenzverstärker).- 8.2.4 Summier-Schaltungen.- 8.2.5 Integrierer.- 8.2.6 Differenzierer.- 8.2.7 Spannungs-Strom-Wandler (Spannungsgesteuerte Stromquellen).- 8.2.8 Stromverstärker (Stromgesteuerte Stromquelle).- 8.2.9 Strom-Spannungs-Wandler (Stromgesteuerte Spannungsquelle).- 8.2.10 Ladungsverstärker.- 8.3 RC-aktive Filter.- 8.3.1 Allgemeines.- 8.3.2 Approximation des Däampfungsverlaufs.- 8.3.3 Butterworth-Approximation.- 8.3.4 Tschebyscheff-Approximation.- 8.3.5 Phasenverlauf.- 8.3.6 Frequenztransformationen.- 8.3.7 Tiefpafi-Bandpaß-Transformation.- 8.3.8 Filter-Schaltungen.- 8.3.9 Universelle Filter-Struktur 2. Ordnung.- 8.3.10 Kerbfilter (Notch filter).- 8.3.11 Allpässe.- 8.3.12 Zusammenfassende Darstellung von Frequenzbereichs- und Zeit-bereichs-Verhalten.- 8.4 Oszillatoren.- 8.4.1 Einführung.- 8.4.2 Wien-Brücken-Oszillator.- 8.5 Nichtlineare Schaltungen mit Operationsverstärkern.- 8.5.1 Gleichrichterschaltungen.- 8.5.2 Logarithmier-Schaltung und Delogarithmier-Schaltung.- 8.5.3 Multiplizier-, Dividier- und Radizier-Schaltungen.- 8.6 Anwendung des Operationsverstärkers als Komparator.- 8.6.1 Schwellendetektor.- 8.6.2 Schmitt-Trigger.- 8.6.3 Astabiler Multivibrator.- 8.7 Schaltungen für die A/D- und die D/A- Umsetzung.- 8.7.1 Elektronische Schalter mit Sperrschicht-Feldeffekt-Transistoren.- 8.7.2 Abtast-Halte-Schaltungen.- 8.7.3 A/D- und D/A-Umsetzung.- 8.8 Zusammenfassung.- 8.9 Aufgaben.- 9 Digitale Grundschaltungen.- 9.1 Einführende Erläuterungen.- 9.1.1 Allgemeines.- 9.1.2 Aussagelogik.- 9.2 Logik-Beschreibung.- 9.2.1 Algebren.- 9.2.2 Boolesche Algebra für zweiwertige Logik.- 9.2.3 Andere Logiksysteme.- 9.3 Logikfunktionen.- 9.4 Logikfamilien.- 9.5 Dioden-Transistor-Logik.- 9.6 Transistor-Transistor-Logik (TTL).- 9.6.1 Standard-TTL.- 9.6.2 Weiterentwicklungen der TTL-Logik.- 9.6.3 Ausgangsstufen-Varianten für die TTL-Serien.- 9.6.4 Weitere TTL-Schaltungen.- 9.7 Emittergekoppelte Logik (ECL).- 9.7.1 Logikverknüpfungen.- 9.7.2 Weitere Logikfunktionen.- 9.7.3 Versorgungsspannung.- 9.7.4 Vorteile von ECL-Gattern.- 9.8 MOS-Schaltungen.- 9.8.1 Verwendete MOS-Transistoren.- 9.8.2 MOS-Inverter.- 9.8.3 NAND- und NOR-Gatter in NMOS-Technik.- 9.9 CMOS-Schaltungen.- 9.9.1 Verlustleistung.- 9.9.2 Logikverknüpfungen in CMOS-Technik.- 9.9.3 Ausgangsstufen.- 9.9.4 Transmissionsgatter.- 9.9.5 Standardserien.- 9.10 Zusammenfassung.- 10 Speicher-Schaltungen.- 10.1 Basis-Flipflop.- 10.1.1 Schaltungsrealisierung von Flipfiops.- 10.2 Flipflop-Typen.- 10.2.1 SR-Flipflop.- 10.2.2 Taktzustandsgesteuertes SR-Flipflop.- 10.2.3 Taktflankengesteuertes SR-Flipflop.- 10.2.4 SR-Master-Slave-Flipflop.- 10.2.5 JK-Flipflop.- 10.2.6 Taktflankengesteuterte JK-Flipflops.- 10.2.7 Weitere Flipflop-Arten.- 10.3 Schieberegister.- 10.4 Zusammenfassung.- 11 Minimierung von Logikfunktionen.- 11.1 Normalform-Darstellungen.- 11.1.1 Die disjunktive Normalform.- 11.1.2 Die konjunktive Normalform.- 11.2 Minimierungsverfahren.- 11.2.1 Karnaugh-Diagramme.- 11.2.2 Die Quine-McCluskey-Methode.- 11.2.3 Ergänzende Bemerkungen.- 11.3 Zusammenfassung.- 11.4 Aufgaben.- 12 Kombinatorische und sequentielle Schaltkreise.- 12.1 Kombinatorische Schaltkreise.- 12.1.1 Addierer.- 12.1.2 Dekoder-und Enkoder-Schaltungen.- 12.1.3 Multiplexer und Demultiplexer.- 12.2 Synchrone sequentielle Schaltkreise.- 12.2.1 Zählerschaltungen.- 12.2.2 Ringzähler.- 12.2.3 Systematischer Entwurf von Zählerschaltungen.- 12.2.4 Zusammenfassung des systematischen Zählerentwurfs.- 12.2.5 Allgemeine synchrone Schaltungen.- 12.2.6 Zustandsreduzierung.- 12.3 Zusammenfassung.- 12.4 Aufgaben.- 13 Verbindungsleitungen.- 13.1 Einleitende Bemerkungen.- 13.2 Modellbildung.- 13.3 Lösung der DifFerentialgleichungssysteme.- 13.3.1 Verlustlose Leitung.- 13.3.2 Leitungsverhalten im stationären Zustand bei sinusförmigen Spannungen und Strömen.- 13.4 Leitungskonstanten.- 13.4.1 Primäre Leitungskonstanten.- 13.4.2 Sekundäre Leitungskonstanten.- 13.5 Verhalten von Leitungen im stationären Zustand.- 13.5.1 Lange Leitung.- 13.5.2 Leitung endlicher Länge.- 13.6 Zusammenfassung.- 13.7 Aufgaben.- Literatur.- Lösungsvorschläge zu den Aufgaben.
£39.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Automatisierungstechnik 1: Meß- und Sensortechnik
Book SynopsisFür die Probleme des planenden Ingenieurs werden die Elemente zur Lösung seiner Aufgaben genannt und in Aufbau und Funktion beschrieben. Es gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigen Grundlagen und Bauelemente und deren Eigenschaften, aus denen komplexe Systeme der Meßtechnik aufgebaut werden. Ein umfassendes Abkürzungsverzeichnis der Automatisierungstechnik rundet das Werk ab. Zum Leserkreis gehören Ingenieure aus Industrie, Planung, Entwicklung und Forschung sowie Hochschullehrer und Studenten.Table of ContentsA Begriffe, Benennungen, Definitionen.- Begriffe, Definitionen.- 1.1 Aufgabe der Automatisierung.- 1.2 Methoden der Automatisierung.- 1.3 Information, Signal.- 1.4 Signalarten.- 1.4.1 Amplitudenanaloge Signale.- 1.4.2 Frequenzanaloge Signale.- 1.4.3 Digitale Signale.- 1.4.4 Zyklisch-absolute Signale.- 1.4.5 Einheitssignale.- 1.5 Hilfsenergie.- Grundlagen der Systembeschreibung.- 2.1 Glieder in Steuerungen und Regelungen — Darstellung im Blockschaltbild.- 2.2 Kennfunktion und Kenngrößen von Gliedern.- 2.3 Untersuchung und Beschreibung von Systemen.- 2.3.1 Experimentelle Untersuchung.- 2.3.2 Mathematische Beschreibung.- Umgebungsbedingungen.- 3.1 Gehäusesysteme.- 3.1.1 Aufgabe und Arten.- 3.1.2 Konstruktionsmäßiger Aufbau.- 3.2 Einbauorte.- 3.3 Schutzarten.- 3.3.1 Einteilung und Einsatzbereiche.- 3.3.2 Fremdkörperschutz.- 3.3.3 Explosionsschutz.- 3.4 Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit.- B Meßumformer, Sensoren.- Kraft, Masse, Drehmoment.- 1.1 Kraftmessung.- 1.1.1 Kompensationsverfahren.- 1.1.2 Federwaagenkonzept.- 1.1.3 Resonante Kraftsensoren.- 1.1.4 Mehrkomponenten-Kraftaufnehmer.- 1.2 Massenbestimmung.- 1.3 Messung des Drehmoments.- Druck, Druckdifferenz.- 2.1 Aufgabe der Druckmeßtechnik und Druckarten.- 2.1.1 Zu den Ausführungen über Druckmeßeinrichtungen.- 2.1.2 Aufgabe und Druckarten [DIN 23412].- 2.1.3 Aufbau von Druckmeßeinrichtungen.- 2.1.4 Verfahren der Druckmessung.- 2.2 Druck- und Differenzdruckmeßeinrichtungen.- 2.2.1 Meßeinrichtungen auf der Grundlage mechanischer Prinzipe der Druckwandlung.- 2.2.2 Meßeinrichtungen auf der Grundlage elektrischer Prinzipe der Druckwandlung.- 2.2.3 Druckwandlung auf der Grundlage mechanisch-pneumatischer Prinzipe.- 2.2.4 Intelligente Druckmeßeinrichtungen und Meßsignalverarbeitung.- 2.2.5 Meßanordnungen zur Druckmessung.- 2.2.6 Meßanordnungen zur Füllstandmessung.- Beschleunigung.- 3.1 Einleitung.- 3.2 Messung translatorischer Beschleunigung.- 3.2.1 Beschleunigungsaufnehmer nach dem Ausschlagverfahren (Open-loop-Aufnehmer).- 3.2.2 Beschleunigungsaufnehmer nach dem Kompensationsverfahren (Closed-loop-Aufnehmer).- 3.2.3 Daten typischer Beschleunigungsaufnehmer.- 3.3 Aufnehmer für rotatorische Beschleunigungen.- 3.3.1 Mechanische Kreisel — Drallsatz.- 3.3.2 Optische Kreisel — Sagnac-Effekt.- 3.3.3 Ozillierende Kreisel — Coriolis-Effekt.- 3.3.4 Magnetohydrodynamischer Kreisel.- 3.3.5 Daten typischer Drehratenaufnehmer.- 3.4 Integralinvariante.- Winkelgeschwindigkeits- und Geschwindigkeitsmessung.- 4.1 Einleitung.- 4.2 Sensor-Parameter.- 4.2.1 Linearität.- 4.2.2 Symmetrie.- 4.3 Winkelgeschwindigkeitsmessung.- 4.3.1 Gleichstromtachogeneratoren.- 4.3.2 Wechselstromtachogeneratoren.- 4.3.3 Stroboskop.- 4.3.4 Schlupfspule.- 4.3.5 Digitale Winkelgeschwindigkeitsmessung.- 4.4 Geschwindigkeitsmessung.- 4.4.1 Dopplerverfahren.- 4.4.2 Laufzeitkorrelationsverfahren.- Längen-/Winkelmessung.- 5.1 Analoge Verfahren.- 5.1.1 Amplituden-analoge Weg-/Winkelmessung.- 5.1.2 Laufzeitverfahren.- 5.2 Digitale geometrische Meßverfahren.- 5.2.1 Dingliche Maßstäbe.- 5.2.2 Interferometer.- 5.3 Dehnungsmessung.- 5.3.1 Dehnungsmeßstreifen (DMS).- 5.3.2 Faseroptische Dehnungssensoren.- 5.3.3 Resonante Dehnungssensoren.- 5.4 Dickenmessung.- 5.4.1 Bestimmung der totalen Dicke.- 5.4.2 Messung von Oberflächenschichten.- 5.5 Füllstandsmessung.- 5.5.1 Echte Bestimmung der Füllmenge.- 5.5.2 Füllstand.- Temperatur.- 6.1 Einleitung.- 6.2 Temperaturmeßgeräte mit elektrischem Ausgangssignal.- 6.2.1 Sensoren.- 6.2.2 Analoge Temperaturmeßverfahren.- 6.2.3 Digitale Temperaturmeßverfahren.- 6.3 Temperaturmeßgeräte mit mechanischem Ausgangssignal.- 6.3.1 Flüssigkeits-Glasthermometer.- 6.3.2 Zeigerthermometer.- 6.4 Temperaturmeßgeräte mit optischem Ausgangssignal.- 6.5 Besondere Temperatursensoren und Meßverfahren.- 6.5.1 Rauschthermometer.- 6.5.2 Akustische Thermometer.- Durchfluß.- 7.1 Einleitung.- 7.2 Aufnehmer für Volumina.- 7.2.1 Unmittelbare Aufnehmer.- 7.2.2 Mittelbare Aufnehmer.- 7.2.3 Anpassungsschaltungen für Aufnehmer für Volumina.- 7.3 Aufnehmer für den Durchfluß.- 7.3.1 Volumendurchfluß.- 7.3.2 Massendurchfiuß.- 7.3.3 Anpassungsschaltungen für Druckaufnehmer.- 7.3.4 Anpassungsschaltungen für Laser-Doppler-Velozimeter.- 7.3.5 Anpassungsschaltungen für Schwebekörper-Aufnehmer.- 7.3.6 Anpassungsschaltungen für thermische Durchflußmesser.- 7.4 Signalverarbeitung.- 7.5 Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit der Meßeinrichtungen (EMV).- pH-Wert, Redoxspannung, Leitfähigkeit.- 8.1 pH-Wert.- 8.1.1 Defintion.- 8.1.2 Bedeutung.- 8.1.3 Einheit.- 8.1.4 Grundlagen.- 8.1.5 Meßprinzip.- 8.1.6 Sensoren.- 8.1.7 Temperatureinfluß.- 8.1.8 Übertragungsfunktion.- 8.1.9 Meßwertumformer.- 8.1.10 Justieren.- 8.1.11 Standards.- 8.1.12 Meßunsicherheit.- 8.2 Redoxspannung.- 8.2.1 Defintion.- 8.2.2 Bedeutung.- 8.2.3 Einheit.- 8.2.4 Grundlagen.- 8.2.5 Meßprinzip.- 8.2.6 Sensoren.- 8.2.7 Temperatureinfluß.- 8.2.8 Übertragungsfunktion.- 8.2.9 Meßwertumformer.- 8.2.10 Justieren.- 8.2.11 Standards.- 8.2.12 Meßunsicherheit.- 8.2.13 rh-wert.- 8.3 Leitfähigkeit.- 8.3.1 Defintion.- 8.3.2 Bedeutung.- 8.3.3 Einheit.- 8.3.4 Grundlagen.- 8.3.5 Meßprinzip.- 8.3.6 Sensoren.- 8.3.7 Temperatureinfluß.- 8.3.8 Übertragungsfunktion.- 8.3.9 Meßwertumformer.- 8.3.10 Justieren.- 8.3.11 Standards.- 8.3.12 Meßunsicherheit.- Gasfeuchte.- 9.1 Begriffe, Definitionen, Umrechnungen.- 9.1.1 Allgemeines.- 9.1.2 Definitionen und Bedeutung der Kenngrößen.- 9.2 Allgemeines zur Feuchtemessung.- 9.3 Verfahren der Gasfeuchtemessung.- 9.3.1 Tauspiegel-Hygrometer.- 9.3.2 Psychrometer.- 9.3.3 Haar- bzw. Faserhygrometer.- 9.3.4 Kapazitive Feuchtesensoren.- 9.3.5 LiCl-Sensoren.- 9.3.6 Aluminiumoxid-Sensoren.- 9.3.7 Sonstige Verfahren.- Gasanalyse.- 10.1 Einleitung.- 10.2 Fotometrische Verfahren.- 10.3 Paramagnetische Sauerstoffmessung.- 10.4 Wärmeleitfähigkeitsanalysator.- 10.5 Flammenionisationsdetektor FID.- 10.6 Chemosensoren.- 10.7 Gaschromatographie GC.- 10.8 Analysensysteme (Anwendungen).- Abkürzungsverzeichnis.
£59.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Semiconductor Power Devices: Physics, Characteristics, Reliability
Book SynopsisSemiconductor power devices are the heart of power electronics. They determine the performance of power converters and allow topologies with high efficiency. Semiconductor properties, pn-junctions and the physical phenomena for understanding power devices are discussed in depth. Working principles of state-of-the-art power diodes, thyristors, MOSFETs and IGBTs are explained in detail, as well as key aspects of semiconductor device production technology. In practice, not only the semiconductor, but also the thermal and mechanical properties of packaging and interconnection technologies are essential to predict device behavior in circuits. Wear and aging mechanisms are identified and reliability analyses principles are developed. Unique information on destructive mechanisms, including typical failure pictures, allows assessment of the ruggedness of power devices. Also parasitic effects, such as device induced electromagnetic interference problems, are addressed. The book concludes with modern power electronic system integration techniques and trends.Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen:“... Das Buch ist eine erweiterte, aktualisierte englische Version des deutschen Buchs der Autoren. Es präsentiert Leistungshalbleiter auf umfassender Weise ... Das Buch prasentiert auch diverse Störungen und Schwingungen, die durch Schaltvorgänge bei Leistungskomponenten verursacht werden. ... Die Lektüre schafft es, fundierte Theorie praxisnah und verständlich zu vermitteln. Ein gründliches, ausgewogenes Buch, das sowohl Energietechnik-Studierenden als auch Leistungselektronik-Entwicklungsingenieuren eine Fülle an wertvollen Informationen und Einsichten bietet.“ (in: Bulletin SEV/VSE, 7/October/2011, Issue 10, S. 68)Table of ContentsPower Semiconductor Devices – Key Components for Efficient Electrical Energy Conversion Systems.- Semiconductor Properties.- pn - Junctions.- Short introduction to power device technology.- pin-Diodes.- Schottky Diodes.- Bipolar Transistors.- Thyristors.- MOS Transistors.- IGBTs.- Packaging and Reliability of Power Devices.- Destructive Mechanisms in Power Devices.- Power Device Induced Oscillations and Electromagnetic Disturbances.- Power Electronic Systems.- Appendix.- Index.
£151.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Optical Measurement of Surface Topography
Book SynopsisThe measurement and characterisation of surface topography is crucial to modern manufacturing industry. The control of areal surface structure allows a manufacturer to radically alter the functionality of a part. Examples include structuring to effect fluidics, optics, tribology, aerodynamics and biology. To control such manufacturing methods requires measurement strategies. There is now a large range of new optical techniques on the market, or being developed in academia, that can measure areal surface topography. Each method has its strong points and limitations. The book starts with introductory chapters on optical instruments, their common language, generic features and limitations, and their calibration. Each type of modern optical instrument is described (in a common format) by an expert in the field. The book is intended for both industrial and academic scientists and engineers, and will be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate studies.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This book shows how optical microscopy can be used in the characterization and metrology of various surfaces. … Several important methods are presented in a clear and simple way … . The case studies scattered throughout the text greatly improve the readability and contribute to the practical emphasis of this book. … the index is comprehensive. I recommend this book to anyone trying to find the most appropriate method for surface topography measurement, as well as researchers who are new to using microscopy for measurements.” (Dejan Pantelić, Optics & Photonics News, December, 2011)Table of ContentsIntroduction to surface texture measurement.- Some common terms and definitions.- Limitations of optical 3D sensors.- Calibration of optical surface topography measuring instruments.- Chromatic confocal microscopy.- Point autofocus instruments.- Focus variation instruments.- Phase shifting interferometry.- Coherence scanning interferometry.- Digital holographic microscopy.- Imaging confocal microscopy.- Light scattering methods
£170.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG X-Ray Diffraction Crystallography: Introduction,
Book SynopsisX-ray diffraction crystallography for powder samples is a well-established and widely used method. It is applied to materials characterization to reveal the atomic scale structure of various substances in a variety of states. The book deals with fundamental properties of X-rays, geometry analysis of crystals, X-ray scattering and diffraction in polycrystalline samples and its application to the determination of the crystal structure. The reciprocal lattice and integrated diffraction intensity from crystals and symmetry analysis of crystals are explained. To learn the method of X-ray diffraction crystallography well and to be able to cope with the given subject, a certain number of exercises is presented in the book to calculate specific values for typical examples. This is particularly important for beginners in X-ray diffraction crystallography. One aim of this book is to offer guidance to solving the problems of 90 typical substances. For further convenience, 100 supplementary exercises are also provided with solutions. Some essential points with basic equations are summarized in each chapter, together with some relevant physical constants and the atomic scattering factors of the elements.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The authors have developed their course lecture notes into a useful book that is suitable for graduate students of materials science and engineering who use X-ray diffraction techniques. … This book is a very concise presentation of the theory of scattering and diffraction and the determination of crystal structures. … The biggest strength of this book are the solutions that illustrate the quantitative aspects of the subject. The illustrations complement the text and there are many tables of real diffraction data and calculations of structures.” (Barry R. Masters, Optics & Photonics News, April, 2012)Table of ContentsFundamental Properties of X-rays.- Geometry of Crystals.- Scattering and Diffraction by Atoms and Crystals.- Diffraction from a Polycrystalline Sample and its Application to Determination of Crystal Structures.- Reciprocal Lattice and Integrated Intensity from Crystals.- Symmetry Analysis for Crystals and the Use of International Tables.- Solved Problems.
£170.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging
Book SynopsisThis book presents the state-of-the-art of Terahertz spectroscopy. It is a modern source for a beginners and researcher interested in THz spectroscopy. The basics and physical background of THz spectroscopy and technology are explained, and important applications are described. The book presents the highlights of scientific research in the field of THz science and provides an excellent overview of the field and future directions of research. Over the last decade the field of terahertz spectroscopy has developed into one of the most rapidly growing fields of spectroscopy with large impact across a wide range of scientific disciplines. Due to substantial advances in femtosecond laser technology, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has established itself as the dominant spectroscopic technique for experimental scientists interested in measurements in this frequency range. In solids and liquids terahertz radiation is at resonance with both phonon modes and hydrogen bonding modes which makes it an ideal tool to study the interaction between molecules in a unique way, thus opening a wealth of opportunities for research in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and pharmaceuticals. This book provides an easy access to scientists, engineers and students alike who want to understand the theory and applications of modern terahertz spectroscopy.Table of ContentsTransmission, reflection, refraction and scattering of Terahertz radiation.- Optical constants and dispersion relations in THz spectroscopy.- Scattering effects.- Converging Terahertz beam vs. plane wave.- Signal Processing – Wavelet Transform.- Signal Processing – Fractional Fourier transformation and spectrogram in signal processing of Terahertz pulses.- Terahertz Spectroscopy.- Crystalline and non-crystalline solids.- Liquids and Biomolecules.- Ellipsometry and active polarization control of Terahertz waves.- ATR sensing at terahertz frequencies.- Pump-probe spectroscopy.- Liquid crystals.- Waveguide spectroscopy.- Condensed matter physics.- Assignment of vibrational modes in crystalline materials.- On-chip pulsed Terahertz spectroscopy.- Nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy.- Terahertz Imaging.- Far-field / Near-field.- Biomedical Imaging.- Pharmaceutical imaging.- Terahertz tomography.- Security.- Artists’ materials characterization.- Interesting Physics at Terahertz Frequencies.- Plasmonic structures.
£208.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Topological Signal Processing
Book SynopsisSignal processing is the discipline of extracting information from collections of measurements. To be effective, the measurements must be organized and then filtered, detected, or transformed to expose the desired information. Distortions caused by uncertainty, noise, and clutter degrade the performance of practical signal processing systems.In aggressively uncertain situations, the full truth about an underlying signal cannot be known. This book develops the theory and practice of signal processing systems for these situations that extract useful, qualitative information using the mathematics of topology -- the study of spaces under continuous transformations. Since the collection of continuous transformations is large and varied, tools which are topologically-motivated are automatically insensitive to substantial distortion. The target audience comprises practitioners as well as researchers, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.Trade ReviewFrom the book reviews:“This text provides a nice exposition of the topological ideas used to extract information from signals and the practical details of signal processing. … Robinson’s intended audience is first year graduate students in both engineering and mathematics, and advanced undergraduates. … Throughout the text there are numerous examples and diagrams. Each chapter also ends with some open questions. These features make the book quite readable.” (Michele Intermont, MAA Reviews, February, 2015)“Three major goals for this book: firstly to show that topological invariants provide qualitative information about signals that is both relevant and practical, second to show that the signal processing concepts of filtering, detection, and noise correspond respectively to the concepts of sheaves, functoriality and sequences, and third to advocate for the use of sheaf theory in signal processing. … The target audience is practitioners so that the theoretical notions are covered with the practitioner in mind with motivations emphasized.” (Jonathan Hodgson, zbMATH, Vol. 1294, 2014)Table of ContentsIntroduction and informal discussion.- Parametrization.- Signals.- Detection.- Transforms.- Noise.
£64.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Tools of Radio Astronomy
Book SynopsisThis 6th edition of “Tools of Radio Astronomy”, the most used introductory text in radio astronomy, has been revised to reflect the current state of this important branch of astronomy. This includes the use of satellites, low radio frequencies, the millimeter/sub-mm universe, the Cosmic Microwave Background and the increased importance of mm/sub-mm dust emission. Several derivations and presentations of technical aspects of radio astronomy and receivers, such as receiver noise, the Hertz dipole and beam forming have been updated, expanded, re-worked or complemented by alternative derivations. These reflect advances in technology. The wider bandwidths of the Jansky-VLA and long wave arrays such as LOFAR and mm/sub-mm arrays such as ALMA required an expansion of the discussion of interferometers and aperture synthesis. Developments in data reduction algorithms have been included. As a result of the large amount of data collected in the past 20 years, the discussion of solar system radio astronomy, dust emission, and radio supernovae has been revisited. The chapters on spectral line emission have been updated to cover measurements of the neutral hydrogen radiation from the early universe as well as measurements with new facilities. Similarly the discussion of molecules in interstellar space has been expanded to include the molecular and dust emission from protostars and very cold regions. Several worked examples have been added in the areas of fundamental physics, such as pulsars. Both students and practicing astronomers will appreciate this new up-to-date edition of Tools of Radio Astronomy. Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen zur 6.Auflage: “... Studenten und Absolventen einschlägiger Fachrichtungen ist das Buch auch fur Quereinsteiger und Amateure geeignet, die ernsthaft in dieses Fachgebiet eindringen wollen.“ (in: Funkamateur, Heft 5, 2014)Table of ContentsRadio Astronomical Fundamentals.- ElectromagneticWave Propagation Fundamentals.- Wave Polarization.- Signal Processing and Receivers: Theory.- Practical Receiver Systems.- Fundamentals of Antenna Theory.- Practical Aspects of Filled Aperture Antennas.- Single Dish Observational Methods.- Interferometers and Aperture Synthesis.- Emission Mechanisms of Continuous Radiation.- Some Examples of Thermal and Nonthermal Radio Sources.- Spectral Line Fundamentals.- Line Radiation from Atoms.- Radio Recombination Lines.- Overview of Molecular Basics.- Molecules in Interstellar Space.- Some Useful Vector Relations & Fourier Transforms.- The Van Vleck Clipping Correction: One Bit Quantization.- Conventional Derivation of Square Law Detector Response & Receiver Noise.- The Reciprocity Theorem.- Filled Aperture Antennas.- The Hankel Transform.- Lists of Calibration Radio Sources.- The Mutual Coherence Function and van Cittert-Zernike Theorem.- Bibliography.- Index.
£49.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Femtosecond Laser Micromachining: Photonic and Microfluidic Devices in Transparent Materials
Book SynopsisFemtosecond laser micromachining of transparent material is a powerful and versatile technology. In fact, it can be applied to several materials. It is a maskless technology that allows rapid device prototyping, has intrinsic three-dimensional capabilities and can produce both photonic and microfluidic devices. For these reasons it is ideally suited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities. The book is mainly focused on micromachining of transparent materials which, due to the nonlinear absorption mechanism of ultrashort pulses, allows unique three-dimensional capabilities and can be exploited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities.This book presents an overview of the state of the art of this rapidly emerging topic with contributions from leading experts in the field, ranging from principles of nonlinear material modification to fabrication techniques and applications to photonics and optofluidics.Table of ContentsPart I: Introductory concepts and characterization 1 Fundamentals of femtosecond Laser micromachining in transparent materials 2 -Ultrafast imaging of plasma dynamics and material response during micromachining 3 -Spectroscopic characterization of waveguides 4 -Optimizing Laser-induced refractive index changes in bulk optical materials via spatio-temporal beam shaping 5 -Controlling the cross-section of ultrafast Laser inscribed waveguides 6 –Anisotropy of femtosecond Laser writing Part II: Waveguides and optical devices in glass 7 –Passive optical waveguide devices in glass 8 - Femtosecond Laser inscription of fibre gratings 9 –3-D Bragg grating waveguide devices 10 –Active photonic devices Part III: Waveguides and optical devices in other transparent materials 11 -Waveguides in crystalline materials 12 -Refractive index structures in polymers Part IV: Microsystems and applications 13 –Discrete optics in waveguide arrays 14 –Optofluidics for biosensing 15 –Microstructuring of Photosensitive glass 16 -Microsystems and sensors 17 -Ultrashort Laser joining and welding
£151.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Der digitale Gutenberg: Alles was Sie über
Book SynopsisMit diesem Buch sind Sie für die aufregendste Herausforderung der graphischen Industrie in diesem Jahrhundert gerüstet!Der digitale Druck verändert nicht nur die Arbeitsschritte, Arbeitsinhalte und Investitionsentscheidungen in den Vorstufen der Druckereien. Diese neue Technologie wird auch einen tiefgreifenden ökonomischen Einfluß auf die gesamte Arbeitswelt der Druckereien haben.Das Buch liefert Ihnen mit der umfassenden Darstellung des status quo und der kommenden technischen und ökonomischen Entwicklungen Entscheidungshilfen und Alternativvorschläge.Table of ContentsDer theoretische Unterbau.- Computer to Pate.- Die Prinzipien der Direktbelichtung.- Die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Systems „Computer to Plate“.- Die richtige Wahl.- Die anderen Systemkomponenten für „Computer to Plate,… Press, …Film“.- Die Menschen und die Betriebe.- Andere digitale Verfahren und Ausblicke.- Glossar und Stichwortregister.- 9.1 Glossar.- 9.2 Stichwortregister.
£49.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Digital Photoelasticity: Advanced Techniques and Applications
Book SynopsisA straightforward introduction to basic concepts and methodologies for digital photoelasticity, providing a foundation on which future researchers and students can develop their own ideas. The book thus promotes research into the formulation of problems in digital photoelasticity and the application of these techniques to industries. In one volume it provides data acquisition by DIP techniques, its analysis by statistical techniques, and its presentation by computer graphics plus the use of rapid prototyping technologies to speed up the entire process. The book not only presents the various techniques but also provides the relevant time-tested software codes. Exercises designed to support and extend the treatment are found at the end of each chapter.Trade ReviewExcerpts from the Reviews of the book on Digital Photoelasticity(Pattern I) The author has produced a first class text book that should find widespread use among students, researchers, and design engineers in many branches of engineering….. Applied Mechanics Reviews 55(4) B69-B71 JUL 2002 The book is accompanied by a CD-ROM of the C source code of the programs referred to in the text along with some photoelasticity simulations and some hardware-specific code. The text is supported by ample end-of-chapter tutorial questions….. Strain 38 85-86 2002 Bible of digital photoelasticity., 17 February, 2001 Not only beginners and students but also researchers, engineers and inspectors should read this book as a bible of photoelasticity. http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/3540667954/qid%3D1050727743/202-1368056-3855028 ….This is the first monograph in its field and forms a useful contribution… Meas. Sci. Technol. 11 (December 2000) 1826-1827Table of Contents1 Transmission Photoelasticity.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Physical Principle Used in Photoelasticity.- 1.3 Nature of Light.- 1.4 Polarization.- 1.5 Passage of Light Through Isotropic Media.- 1.6 Passage of Light Through a Crystalline Medium.- 1.7 Light Ellipse.- 1.8 Retardation Plates and Wave Plates.- 1.9 Stress-Optic Law.- 1.10 Plane Polariscope.- 1.10.1 Analysis by Trigonometric Resolution.- 1.11 Jones Calculus.- 1.11.1 Rotation Matrix.- 1.11.2 Retardation Matrix.- 1.11.3 Representation of a Retarder.- 1.11.4 Polarizer.- 1.11.5 Quarter-Wave Plate.- 1.12 Analysis of Plane Polariscope by Jones Calculus.- 1.13 Circular Polariscope.- 1.14 Use of White Light.- 1.15 Determination of Isoclinic and Isochromatic Fringe Order at a Point.- 1.15.1 Ordering of Isoclinics.- 1.15.2 Ordering of Isochromatics.- 1.16 Tardy’s Method of Compensation.- 1.17 Calibration of Photoelastic Model Materials.- 1.17.1 Stress Field in a Circular Disc Under Diametral Compression.- 1.17.2 Conventional Method.- 1.17.3 Sampled Linear Least Squares Method.- Need for a better methodology.- Use of whole field data to evaluate material fringe value.- 1.17.4 Theoretical Reconstruction of Fringe Patterns.- 1.18 Further Comments on Fringe Ordering.- 1.18.1 Properties of Isochromatic Fringe Field.- 1.18.2 Properties of Isoclinic Fringe Field.- 1.18.3 Use of Fringe Field Properties to Identify Fringe Ordering.- 1.18.4 Role of Principles of Solid Mechanics in Fringe Ordering.- 1.19 Determination of the Sign of the Boundary Stresses.- 1.20 Resolving the Ambiguity on the Principal Stress Direction.- 1.21 Introduction to Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity and Integrated Photoelasticity.- 1.21.1 Conventional Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity.- 1.21.2 Principle of Optical Equivalence.- 1.22 Model to Prototype Relations.- 1.23 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 2 Reflection Photoelasticity.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Reflection Polariscope.- 2.3 Stress and Strain-Optic Relations for Coatings.- 2.4 Coating and Specimen Stresses.- 2.5 Correction Factors for Photoelastic Coatings.- 2.6 Poisson’s Ratio Mismatch.- 2.7 Coating Materials.- 2.8 Bonding the Coating.- 2.9 Selection of the Coating Thickness.- 2.10 Calibration of the Coating Material.- 2.11 Data Collection and Analysis.- 2.12 Application of Photoelastic Coatings.- 2.13 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 3 Digital Image Processing.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Image Sampling and Quantization.- 3.2.1 Pictures as Functions.- 3.2.2 Uniform Sampling and Quantization.- 3.3 Video Standards.- 3.4 Image Sensors.- 3.5 Image Display.- 3.6 Image Perception.- 3.7 Image Storage.- 3.8 Some Basic Relationships and Mathematical Operations Between Pixels.- 3.8.1 Neighbours of a Pixel.- 3.8.2 Arithmetic and Logic Operations.- 3.8.3 Neighbourhood Oriented Operations.- 3.9 Basic Steps in Image Processing.- 3.10 Typical Image Processing Systems for Digital Photoelasticity.- 3.11 Software Structure and Design.- 3.12 Image Acquisition.- 3.13 Tools for Image Understanding.- 3.13.1 Pseudo Colouring.- 3.13.2 Histogram.- 3.13.3 Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Intensity Plots.- 3.14 Filtering in Spatial Domain.- 3.14.1 Low Pass Spatial Filtering.- 3.14.2 Median Filtering.- 3.15 Image Enhancement.- 3.15.1 Contrast Stretching.- 3.15.2 Histogram Equalisation.- 3.16 Image Segmentation.- 3.16.1 Thresholding.- Global thresholding.- Semi thresholding.- Dynamic thresholding.- 3.16.2 Edge Detection.- Edge detection by convolution filters.- Edge detection by non-convolution filters.- Edge detection by thresholding.- 3.17 Morphological Filters.- 3.18 Further Discussions on Image Sensors.- 3.18.1 Operation of CCD Arrays.- 3.18.2 Interline Transfer CCD.- 3.18.3 Linearity and Dynamic Range.- 3.18.4 Sources of Noise.- 3.19 Digitisation of the Camera Video Signal.- 3.20 Resolution of an Image Processing System.- 3.21 Gamma Compensation.- Exercises.- References.- 4 Fringe Multiplication, Fringe Thinning and Fringe Clustering.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Fringe Multiplication.- 4.3 Half Fringe Photoelasticity (HFP).- 4.4 DIP Methods for Fringe Thinning.- 4.5 Algorithms Based on Considering the Fringe Patterns as a Binary Image.- 4.6 Mask-Based Algorithms for Skeleton Extraction Using Intensity Variation within a Fringe.- 4.7 Global Identification of Fringe Skeletons Based on Intensity Variation.- 4.7.1 Edge Detection.- 4.7.2 Fringe Skeletonization.- Row-Wise scanning algorithm.- Algorithm for fringe skeleton extraction for arbitrarily shaped fringes.- 4.7.3 Applications of the Algorithm to Actual Experimental Conditions.- 4.8 Further Improvements on the Global Thinning Algorithm.- 4.9 Performance Evaluation of Various Fringe Thinning Algorithms.- 4.9.1 Comparison of the Skeleton Extraction.- Computer generated test images.- Images recorded from actual experimental situations.- 4.9.2 Comparison of the Computational Effort.- 4.10 Use of Tiling to Improve Information in Stress Concentration Zones.- 4.11 Fringe Tracing Algorithm.- 4.12 Ordering of Fringes.- 4.13 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 5 Phase Shifting, Polarization Stepping and Fourier Transform Methods.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Early Attempts for Automated Polariscopes.- 5.3 Phase Shifting in Photoelasticity.- 5.4 Intensity of Light Transmitted for a Generic Arrangement of a Plane Polariscope.- 5.5 Intensity of Light Transmitted for a Generic Arrangement of a Circular Polariscope.- 5.6 Evaluation of Fractional Fringe Order along an Isoclinic Contour.- 5.7 Whole Field Evaluation of Photoelastic Data by Using a Plane Polariscope.- 5.8 Whole Field Evaluation of Photoelastic Data by Using a Circular Polariscope.- 5.8.1 The Generic Procedure.- 5.8.2 Calculation and Representation of Whole Field Data.- 5.8.3 Parameters Affecting the Generation of Phase Map and its Solution.- Influence of local oscillations of isoclinic parameter on fractional retardation calculation.- Importance of isoclinic parameter representing either ?1 or ?2 direction over the domain.- Ambiguity in experimentally evaluating the isoclinic parameter.- Interactive approach to obtain a good phase map.- 5.9 Error Sources and Methods to Minimise Their Influence.- 5.9.1 Influence of Error in Measuring Intensities.- 5.9.2 Errors Due to Mismatch of Quarter-Wave Plates.- 5.10 Evaluation of Isoclinic Value by Phase Shifting Technique.- 5.10.1 Use of Two Loads to Get Continuous Isoclinic Contours.- 5.10.2 Use of Multiple Wavelengths to Get Continuous Isoclinic Contours.- 5.11 Polarization Stepping for Isoclinic Determination.- 5.12 Fourier Transform Methods for Photoelastic Data Acquisition.- 5.12.1 Use of Carrier Fringes.- 5.12.2 Use of Multiple Polarization Stepped Images.- 5.12.3 Use of Load Stepping.- 5.13 Comparative Evaluation of Phase Shifting, Polarization Stepping and Fourier Transform Techniques.- 5.14 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 6 Phase Unwrapping and Optically Enhanced Tiling in Digital Photoelasticity.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Boundary Detection.- 6.3 Noise Removal in Phase Maps.- 6.4 Algorithm for Phase Unwrapping.- 6.5 Representation of the Unwrapped Phase.- 6.5.1 Three-Dimensional Plots.- 6.5.2 Total Fringe Order Viewing on the Image.- 6.6 Parameters Affecting Phase Unwrapping.- 6.6.1 Influence of the Selection of the Phase Unwrapping Threshold.- 6.6.2 Influence of the Location of the Primary Seed Point.- 6.7 Use of Tiling Procedure for Phase Unwrapping.- 6.8 Digital Magnification of High Fringe Density Zones.- 6.8.1 Replication.- 6.8.2 Linear Interpolation.- 6.8.3 Higher Order Interpolation.- 6.9 Optically Enhanced Tiling (OET).- 6.10 Cementing of a Tile.- 6.11 OET Applied to a Circular Disc Under Diametral Compression.- 6.12 OET Applied to a Ring Under Diametral Compression.- 6.13 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 7 Colour Image Processing Techniques.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Colour Models.- 7.2.1 RGB Model.- 7.2.2 HSI Model.- 7.3 Colour Image Processing Systems.- 7.3.1 Hardware.- Transmission Photoelasticity.- Reflection Photoelasticity.- 7.3.2 Software.- 7.4 Typical Spectral Response of a Colour Camera.- 7.5 Intensity of Light Transmitted in White Light for Various Polariscope Arrangements.- 7.6 Three Fringe Photoelasticity (TFP).- 7.6.1 Calibration.- 7.6.2 Methodology.- 7.6.3 Application to the Problem of a Circular Disc Under Diametral Compression.- 7.7 Green Image Plane as a Green Filter.- 7.8 Phase Shifting in Colour Domain.- 7.8.1 Transmission Photoelasticity.- 7.8.2 Reflection Photoelasticity.- 7.9 Spectral Content Analysis (SCA).- 7.10 Digital Spectral Content Analysis (DSCA).- 7.11 Hybrid Techniques.- 7.11.1 Polarization Stepping in Colour Domain.- 7.12 Tricolour Photoelastic Method.- 7.13 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 8 Evaluation of Contact Stress Parameters and Fracture Parameters.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Basic Data Required and its Digital Acquisition.- 8.2.1 Conversion of Pixel Co-ordinates to Model Co-ordinates.- 8.2.2 Rotational Transformation.- 8.3 Stresses in Terms of Contact Length and Geometrical and Elastic Properties of the Bodies in Contact.- 8.4 Evaluation of Contact Stress Parameters by Least Squares Analysis.- 8.4.1 Validation for Hertzian and Non-Hertzian Contact.- 8.5 Developments in the Description of the Stress Field Equations in the Neighbourhood of a Crack-tip.- 8.5.1 Mode-I Stress Field Equations.- 8.5.2 Mixed-Mode (Combination of Mode-I and Mode-II) Stress Field Equations.- 8.5.3 Equivalence Between the Multi-Parameter Stress Field Equations.- 8.6 Developments in SIF Evaluation Methodology.- 8.7 Evaluation of Mixed-Mode Stress Field Parameters Using Least Squares Technique.- 8.8 Experimental Validation of the Methodology.- 8.8.1 Mode-I Loading.- 8.8.2 Mixed-Mode Loading.- 8.9 Contact Stress and Fracture Analysis of a Spur Gear.- 8.9.1 Loading Frame Design.- 8.9.2 Evaluation of Contact Parameters.- Measurement of radius of curvature at the point of contact.- Experimental results.- 8.9.3 Evaluation of Fracture Parameters.- 8.10 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 9 Stress Separation Techniques.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Oblique Incidence Method.- 9.2.1 Secondary Principal Stresses.- 9.2.2 The Methodology.- 9.3 Shear Difference Technique.- 9.3.1 Conventional Method.- 9.3.2 Improvement by Tesar.- 9.4 Survey of Numerical Methods.- 9.4.1 Integration of Compatibility Condition.- Finite difference approach.- 9.4.2 Integration of Stress Difference Equations.- 9.4.3 Least Squares Method.- 9.4.4 Hybrid Techniques.- 9.4.5 Methods Using Only Isochromatic Data.- 9.5 Stress Separation by Combined Phase Shifting and FEM.- 9.5.1 Finite Element Formulation.- 9.5.2 Meaningful Discretization of the Domain.- 9.5.3 Plotting of Fringe Contours from FE Results.- 9.5.4 Influence of Error in Fringe Data.- 9.5.5 Application of the Technique to the Problem of Plate with a Hole.- 9.6 Use of Integrated Photoelasticity Concepts for Stress Separation.- 9.6.1 Least Squares Algorithm.- 9.6.2 Design of the Loading Frame.- 9.6.3 Application to the Problem of Disc under Diametral Compression.- 9.7 Stress Separation in Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity.- 9.8 Stress Separation in Reflection Photoelasticity.- 9.8 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 10 Fusion of Digital Photoelasticity, Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling Technologies.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Difficulties in Conventional Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity.- 10.3 Rapid Prototyping in Model Making.- 10.3.1 Software Issues in RP.- 10.3.2 Stereolithography Process.- 10.3.3 Solid Ground Curing.- 10.3.4 Fused Deposition Modelling.- 10.4 Direct Analysis of RP Models by Photoelastic Coatings.- 10.4.1 Experimental Results.- 10.4.2 Analysis of the Results.- Evaluation of Young’s modulus by tensile test.- Study on the seepage of the adhesive.- Numerical simulation of fringe patterns.- 10.4.3 Recommendations.- 10.5 Direct Use of RP Models for Transmission Photoelastic Analysis.- 10.6 Rapid Tooling for Model Making.- 10.6.1 Basic Steps in Rapid Tooling.- 10.6.2 Digital Photoelastic Characterisation of the Process.- 10.7 Closure.- Exercises.- References.- 11 Recent Developments and Future Trends.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Evaluation of Characteristic Parameters.- 11.2.1 Srinath and Keshavan’s Method.- 11.2.2 Whole Field Determination of Characteristic Parameters by Phase Shifting.- Development of relevant equations.- Experimental evaluation of characteristic parameters.- Whole field theoretical evaluation of characteristic parameters.- 11.3 Tensorial Tomography.- 11.4 Developments in DIP Hardware.- 11.5 Developments in DIP Software.- 11.5.1 Development of a Device Independent Software.- Selection of software features.- FRN_DAT software.- An application.- 11.5.2 Future Possibility.- 11.6 Digital Dynamic Photoelasticity.- 11.6.1 Classification of High, Very-high and Ultra-high-speed Photography.- 11.6.2 Classical Methods for High-speed Photography.- 11.6.3 Digital Dynamic Recording.- 11.7 Application to Composites.- 11.7.1 Photo-Orthotropic Elasticity Theories.- Stress-Optic law.- Strain-Optic law.- 11.7.2 Calibration of Photo-Orthotropic Composites.- 11.7.3 Influence of Residual Birefringence.- 11.7.4 Separation of Stresses in Photo-Orthotropic Elasticity.- 11.7.5 Application of Digital Photoelasticity to Composites.- 11.8 Closure.- Exercises.- References.
£85.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Elektronische Schaltungen 1: Grundlagen, Analyse,
Book SynopsisDieses zweibändige, grundlegende und tiefgehende Werk über analoge und digitale Schaltungstechnik bietet neben einer verständlichen Darstellung des Lehrstoffs viele umfangreiche Lernhilfen. Es ist daher besonders für Einsteiger und zum Selbst- und Fernstudium geeignet. Eine Vielzahl von detailliert durchgerechneten Beispielen, Aufgaben mit ausführlichen Lösungsvorschlägen, Merksätzen und Kapitelzusammenfassungen erleichtern das Lernen ebenso wie die zahlreichen Abbildungen und Tabellen. Das Werk entstand aus einer Vorlesung an der Fernuniversität Hagen. Der erste Band behandelt die Modellbildung für passive und aktive Bauelemente, die Signalbeschreibung im Hinblick auf die Schaltungstechnik, die Schaltungsanalyse, Rückkopplung und Stabilität sowie das Rauschen.Table of Contents1 Modellierung elektronischer Schaltungen.- 1.1 Passive Bauelemente.- 1.1.1 Eintorelemente.- 1.1.2 Zweitorelemente.- 1.2 Quellen.- 1.2.1 Unabhängige Quellen.- 1.2.2 Gesteuerte Quellen.- 1.3 Die Sperrschichtdiode.- 1.4 Der Bipolar-Transistor.- 1.4.1 Modelle für das statische Großsignalverhalten.- 1.4.2 Vereinfachtes Modell für den aktiven Bereich vorwärts.- 1.4.3 Berücksichtigung des Early-EfFekts.- 1.4.4 Durchbruchserscheinungen.- 1.4.5 Dynamisches Großsignal-Modell.- 1.4.6 Modelle für geringe Aussteuerung.- 1.4.7 Modell-Umwandlungen.- 1.4.8 Modelle für den Schalterbetrieb.- 1.5 FeldefFekt-Transistoren.- 1.5.1 Allgemeines.- 1.5.2 Das statische Verhalten von MOS-Transistoren.- 1.5.3 Dynamisches Modell für MOS-Transistoren.- 1.5.4 MOS-Transistor-Modell für geringe Aussteuerung.- 1.6 Zusammenfassung.- 1.7 Aufgaben.- 2 Signalbeschreibung.- 2.1 Allgemeines.- 2.2 Sinusförmige Signale.- 2.3 Nicht sinusförmige periodische Signale.- 2.4 Nichtperiodische Signale.- 2.4.1 Verallgemeinerte Funktionen.- 2.4.2 Die Fourier-Transformation.- 2.4.3 Die Laplace-Transformation.- 2.5 Periodisch geschaltete Signale.- 2.6 Stochastische Signale.- 2.6.1 Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie.- 2.6.2 Wichtige Verteilungen.- 2.6.3 Erwartungswert (Mittelwert), Varianz und Momente höherer Ordnung.- 2.6.4 Beziehungen bei zwei Zufallsvariablen.- 2.6.5 Stochastische Prozesse.- 2.6.6 Ergodischer Prozeß.- 2.7 Leist ungsbeziehungen.- 2.7.1 Sinusförmige Signale.- 2.7.2 Allgemeine periodische Signale.- 2.7.3 Allgemeine Signale.- 2.7.4 Rauschsignale.- 2.8 Zusammenfassung.- 2.9 Aufgaben.- 3 Analyse elektronischer Schaltungen.- 3.1 Die Gleichstromanalyse.- 3.1.1 Formulierung der Schaltungsgleichungen.- 3.1.2 Die Knotenanalyse.- 3.1.3 Die modifizierte Knotenanalyse.- 3.1.4 Gleichstromanalyse nichtlinearer Schaltungen.- 3.2 Analyse linearer dynamischer Schaltungen im Zeitbereich.- 3.2.1 Einführung.- 3.2.2 Lösung von Differentialgleichungs-Systemen unter Verwendung von Matrizen.- 3.2.3 Schaltungsbeschreibung im stationären Zustand.- 3.2.4 Sprungantwort und Impulsantwort.- 3.2.5 Schaltungsbeschreibung durch eine Differentialgleichung höherer Ordnung.- 3.3 Analyse linearer Schaltungen im Frequenzbereich.- 3.3.1 Die Übertragungsfunktion.- 3.3.2 Das Prinzip der analytischen Fortsetzung und die komplexe Frequenz.- 3.3.3 Darstellung der Übertragungsfunktion durch Pole und Nullstellen.- 3.3.4 Partialbruchzerlegung und Kettenbruchentwicklung der Übertragungsfunktion.- 3.3.5 Identität von Polen der Übertragungsfunktion und Eigenwerten der Systemmatrix.- 3.3.6 Impulsantwort und Übertragungsfunktion.- 3.3.7 Zweitor-Beschreibungen.- 3.4 Zusammenfassung.- 3.5 Aufgaben.- 4 Lineare Grundschaltungen.- 4.1 Festlegung von Transistor-Arbeitspunkten.- 4.1.1 Überlegungen zur Wahl des Arbeitspunktes.- 4.1.2 Arbeitspunkteinstellung bei Bipolar-Transistoren.- 4.1.3 Arbeitspunkteinstellung bei Feldeffekt-Transistoren.- 4.2 Verbundtransistoren.- 4.2.1 Die Darlington-Schaltung.- 4.2.2 Die Paradox-Schaltung.- 4.2.3 Die komplementäre Darlington-Schaltung.- 4.2.4 Das Super-Triplet.- 4.3 Realisierung von Stromquellen mit Transistoren (Stromspiegel).- 4.3.1 Quellen mit Bipolar-Transistoren.- 4.3.2 Quellen mit MOS-Transistoren.- 4.4 Die Kaskode-Schaltung.- 4.5 Der Differenzverstärker.- 4.5.1 Differenzverstärker mit Bipolar-Transistoren.- 4.5.2 Differenzverstärker mit MOS-Transistoren.- 4.6 Leistungs-Endstufen.- 4.6.1 Leistungs-Endstufen mit Bipolar-Transistoren.- 4.6.2 Endstufen mit Leistungs-MOSFETs.- 4.7 Zusammenfassung.- 4.8 Aufgaben.- 5 Rückkopplung und Stabilität.- 5.1 Allgemeines.- 5.2 Allgemeine Grundlagen.- 5.3 Rückkopplungs-Strukturen.- 5.4 Stabilität.- 5.4.1 Einführung.- 5.4.2 Das Nyquist-Kriterium.- 5.4.3 Das Bode-Diagramm.- 5.5 Zusammenfassung.- 5.6 Aufgaben.- 6 Rauschen in elektronischen Schaltungen.- 6.1 Autokorrelationsfunktion und Leistungsdichtespektrum.- 6.2 Rauschursachen.- 6.2.1 Thermisches Rauschen.- 6.2.2 Schrot-Rauschen (“shot noise”).- 6.2.3 1/f-Rauschen.- 6.2.4 Weitere Rauscharten.- 6.3 Rauschberechnungen in linearen Schaltungen.- 6.3.1 Eintore.- 6.3.2 Zweitore.- 6.3.3 Rauschzahl, Rauschanpassung und Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis.- 6.4 Rauschen in Halbleitern.- 6.4.1 Sperrschichtdioden.- 6.4.2 Bipolar-Transistoren.- 6.4.3 Feldeffekt-Transistoren.- 6.5 Zusammenfassung.- 6.6 Aufgaben.- Literatur.- Lösungsvorschläge zu den Aufgaben.
£44.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Lichtwellenleiter in Sensorik und optischer Nachrichtentechnik
Book SynopsisErstmals werden die beiden großen Einsatzfelder der Lichtwellenleiter in einem Buch vereint dargestellt, womit dem wichtiger werdenden Anwendungsgebiet der Lichtwellenleiter in der Sensortechnik angemessen Rechnung getragen wird.Table of Contents1 Optische Wellen.- 1.1 Einige Grundbegriffe der Wellenlehre.- 1.1.1 Ebene harmonische Wellen.- 1.1.2 Phase einer Welle; Phasenänderung längs einer Wegstrecke und innerhalb einer Zeitspanne.- 1.1.3 Phasengeschwindigkeit und Ausbreitungskonstante.- 1.1.4 Wellenlänge.- 1.1.5 Wellengruppen und Gruppengeschwindigkeit.- 1.2 Elektromagnetische Wellen.- 1.2.1 Mathematische Beschreibung.- 1.2.2 Transversale und longitudinale Feldanteile; Wellenbezeichnungen.- 1.2.3 Polarisation.- 1.2.4 Intensität und Leistung.- 1.2.5 Komplexe Notation.- 1.2.6 Freie Wellenausbreitung in Vakuum.- 1.3 Licht als elektromagnetische Welle.- 1.3.1 Frequenzmäßige Einordnung.- 1.3.2 Phasengeschwindigkeit in Materie, Brechungsindex.- 1.3.3 Gruppengeschwindigkeit in Materie, Gruppenbrechungsindex.- 1.3.4 Kohärenz realer optischer Wellen.- 1.3.5 Strahlenmodell der Lichtausbreitung.- 2 Lichtwellenleiter.- 2.1 Dielektrische Wellenleiter.- 2.2 Lichtwellenleiter in Faserform.- 2.2.1 Einteilung nach dem Brechzahlprofil.- 2.2.2 Einteilung nach der übertragbaren Modenvielfalt.- 2.3 Integriert-optische Lichtwellenleiter.- 2.3.1 Streifenleiter mit aufgesetzten oder versenkten Streifen.- 2.3.2 Streifenleiter mit Höhenprofilierung eines Kernfilms (Rippenleiter).- 2.3.3 Funktionstypen und Substratmaterialien.- 3 Geometrisch-optische Lichtwege in LWL.- 3.1 Strahlenoptische Lichtwege im Stufenindex-LWL.- 3.1.1 Reelle Totalreflexion an einer Trennfläche.- 3.1.2 Prinzip der Lichtführung im Filmwellenleiter mit Stufenprofil.- 3.1.3 Lichtausbreitung in gebogenen LWL.- 3.2 Prinzip der Lichtfuhrung in Gradientenindex-LWL mit parabolischem Brechzahlprofil.- 3.2.1 Virtuelle Totalreflexion.- 3.2.2 Lichtwege in Filmwellenleitern mit Parabelprofil.- 3.3 Übertragung auf rotationssymmetrische Faser-LWL.- 3.3.1 Meridionalstrahlen, schiefe Strahlen, Helixstrahlen.- 3.3.2 Akzeptanzwinkel, Akzeptanzkegel, numerische Apertur.- 4 Berücksichtigung der Wellennatur des Lichtes.- 4.1 Stufenprofil-Filmwellenleiter.- 4.1.1 Stehwellen.- 4.1.2 Interferenz bei mehrfacher Totalreflexion: charakteristische Gleichung.- 4.1.3 Moden.- 4.1.4 Evaneszente Felder und Intensitäten.- 4.1.5 Modenverhalten bei Biegung des LWL.- 4.2 Gradientenindex-Filmwellenleiter mit Parabelprofil.- 4.3 Übertragung auf rotationssymmetrische Faser-LWL und auf integriert-optische LWL.- 5 Exakte Berechnung der Lichtausbreitung.- 5.1 Faser-LWL mit Stufenprofil.- 5.1.1 Entwicklung einer Wellendifferentialgleichung aus den Maxwell’sehen Gleichungen.- 5.1.2 Geführte Moden als Lösung der „reduzierten“ Differentialgleichung.- 5.1.3 Lösungsversuch: LP-Moden (Moden mit einheitlich in derselben Richtung linear polarisierten Feldern).- 5.1.4 LP-Modenbilder in Stufenprofilfasern.- 5.1.5 Strahlungsmoden und Leckmoden.- 5.1.6 Kern-Mantel-Leistungsaufteilung, Moden-cutoff.- 5.1.7 Übergang zur Einmodigkeit, Gauß’sche Näherung für LP01.- 5.1.8 Modenberechnung bei Verzicht auf einheitliche lineare Polarisation.- 5.2 Modenfelder in Gradientenprofilfasern.- 5.3 Modenfelder in integriert-optischen Lichtwellenleitern.- 6 Einige Grundlagen der optischen Nachrichtenübertragung.- 6.1 Anaolge und digitale Signale.- 6.2 Nachrichtenübertragung in Trägerfrequenztechnik.- 6.2.1 Analoge Übertragung.- 6.2.2 Binäre digitale Übertragung.- 6.2.3 Optische Wellen als Nachrichtenträger.- 6.2.4 Übertragungsgeschwindigkeit.- 6.3 Der Einfluß des Rauschens.- 6.3.1 Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis.- 6.3.2 Abnahme des Signal-Rausch-Verhältnisses durch Laufzeitunterschiede.- 6.3.3 Ursachen der Laufzeitunterschiede: Dispersion.- 6.4 Systemkenngrößen für die Übertragung von leistungsmoduliertem Licht.- 7 Verluste in Lichtweilenleitern.- 7.1 Quantitative Erfassung der Dämpfung.- 7.2 Dämpfung in Glasfaser-LWL.- 7.2.1 Intrinsische Verluste: IR-Absorption, Rayleighstreuung.- 7.2.2 Extrinsische Verluste: Absorption durch Verunreinigungen, Makrobiegung der Faser.- 7.2.3 Modenabhängigkeit der Dämpfung.- 7.2.4 Intrinsische Dämpfung in LWL aus Sulfidglas oder Fluoridglas.- 7.3 Dämpfung in POF-Fasern.- 7.4 Dämpfung in integriert-optischen LWL.- 8 Modenlaufzeitunterschiede (Modendispersion).- 8.1 Laufzeiten nach dem Strahlenmodell in Stufenprofil- und Gradientenprofilfasern.- 8.1.1 Strahlenoptische Laufzeiten im Stufenprofil.- 8.1.2 Strahlenoptische Laufzeiten im Parabelprofil.- 8.2 Exakte Theorie der Modenlaufzeiten von LP-Moden.- 8.2.1 Stufenindex-LWL.- 8.2.2 Gradientenindex-LWL mit Potenzprofil.- 8.2.3 Profiloptimierung.- 9 Einfluß der spektralen Breite der Lichtquelle: chromatische Dispersion.- 9.1 Mathematische Beschreibung.- 9.1.1 Beiträge zur chromatischen Dispersion, Dispersionskoeffizienten.- 9.1.2 Dispersionsnullstelle und dispersionsverschobene Faser.- 9.1.3 Verbesserung des Dispersionsverlaufes von Einmodenfasern durch W-Profile.- 9.2 Abschätzung der durch chromatische Dispersion verursachten Laufzeitunterschiede.- 10 Impulsverbreiterung und 3-dB-Grenzfrequenz.- 10.1 Impulsübertragung.- 10.1.1 Pulsantwortfunktion und das Problem der Leistungsaddition.- 10.1.2 Quantitative Erfassung der Impulsverbreiterung.- 10.1.3 Impulsverbreiterung einer Einmodenfaser.- 10.1.4 Impulsverbreiterung einer Vielmodenfaser.- 10.2 Analogübertragung.- 10.2.1 Bandbreite einer Einmodenfaser.- 10.2.2 Bandbreite einer Vielmodenfaser.- 10.3 Dispersion im Datenblatt; Bandbreite-Länge-Produkte.- 10.3.1 Einmoden-LWL.- 10.3.2 Vielmoden-LWL.- 11 Grenzen optischer Übertragungssysteme durch Dämpfung und Dispersion.- 11.1 Analoge Übertragung.- 11.2 Digitale Übertragung (PCM-Übertragung).- 12 Meßwerterfassung mit Lichtwellenleiter-Sensoren.- 12.1 Einige Grundbegriffe der Sensorik.- 12.2 Einteilung der Sensoren.- 12.3 Optische Sensorik mit Lichtwellenleitern.- 12.3.1 Extrinsische LWL-Sensoren: LWLinSensoren.- 12.3.2 Intrinsische LWL-Sensoren: LWLalsSensor.- 12.3.3 LWL in hybriden Sensoren.- 13 Beispiele extrinsischer optischer Sensoren.- 13.1 Füllstandsanzeiger.- 13.2 Abstandssensor durch Phasenlaufzeitmessung.- 13.3 Temperatursensor.- 13.4 Polarisationssensor (Polarimeter).- 13.4.1 Aufbau und Wirkungsweise.- 13.4.2 Mathematische Behandlung.- 13.4.3 Erzeugung linearer Doppelbrechung am Beispiel des elastooptischen Effektes und des Kerr-Effektes.- 13.4.4 Querempfindlichkeit und optische Gleichtaktunterdrückung.- 14 Intrinsische Sensoren mit Standardfasern.- 14.1 Mikrobiegungssensor.- 14.2 Sensorwirkung durch Abänderung der Mantelbrechzahl.- 14.3 Evanescent field sensor.- 14.4 „Verteilte“ Intensitätssensoren und OTDR-Auswertung.- 14.5 Sensoren mit Bragg-Gitter im Glasfaserkern.- 15 Polarisationscharakteristik von Faser-LWL.- 15.1 Polarisation in Vielmodenfasern.- 15.2 Polarisation in Standard-Einmodenfasern.- 15.3 Fasern mit modifiziertem linearen Polarisationsanteil.- 15.3.1 Fasern mit reduzierter eigener linearer Anisotropie (LoBi fiber).- 15.3.2 Fasern mit verstärkter eigener linearer Anisotropie (HiBi fiber).- 15.3.3 Polarisationsmodenkopplung.- 15.3.4 HiBi-Fasern als Polarisatoren.- 15.4 Fasern mit modifiziertem zirkularen Polarisationsanteil.- 16 Intrinsische faseroptische Polarimeter.- 16.1 Einbringen zusätzlicher linearer Anisotropie.- 16.2 Einbringen zusätzlicher zirkularer Anisotropie.- 17 Interferometrische Sensoren: Grundlagen.- 17.1 Sensorik durch Änderung optischer Weglängen.- 17.2 Messung von Phasendifferenzen mit Zweistrahlinterferometern.- 17.3 Zweistrahlinterferometer als Sensor.- 17.4 Anforderungen an die Lichtquelle.- 17.5 Lichtwellenleiter in Zweistrahlinterferometern.- 18 Sensoren mit LWL-Interferometern nach Mach-Zehnder und nach Michelson.- 18.1 Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer als Sensor.- 18.1.1 Interferometeraufbau und Sensorkennlinie.- 18.1.2 Linearisierung der Kennlinie durch aktive Rückkoppelung.- 18.1.3 Einsatzmöglichkeiten.- 18.2 Michelson-Interferometer als Sensor.- 18.2.1 Interferometeraufbau und Sensorkennlinie.- 18.2.2 Linearisierung der Kennlinie durch Phasenmodulation.- 19 Faseroptisches Sagnac-Interferometer als Drehratensensor.- 19.1 Aufbau des Interferometers.- 19.2 Sagnac-Effekt.- 19.3 Berechnung des Phasen Versatzes infolge Rotation.- 19.4 Technische Realisierung; Linearisierung der Kennlinie.- 19.5 Einsatz von Sagnac-Drehratensensoren.- A1 Anhang: Sellmeier-Beschreibung der Wellenlängenabhängigkeit der Brechzahl.- A2 Anhang: Zentrum und effektive Breite eines Zeitpulses bzw. einer Spektrallinie.- A3 Anhang: Polarisation von Licht.- A4 Anhang: Mathematische Beschreibung der Polarisation mit dem Jones-Formalismus.- A4.1 Jones-Vektoren.- A4.2 Polarisationsoptische Bauelemente und Jones-Matrizen.- A4.2.1 Linearpolarisator.- A4.2.2 Linearer Retarder (lineare Doppelbrechung, lineare optische Anisotropie).- A4.2.3 Zirkularer Retarder (zirkuläre Doppelbrechung, zirkuläre optische Anisotropie).- A4.2.4 Eigenzustände polarisationsoptischer Bauelemente.- A5 Anhang: Vereinfachte mathematische Beschreibung von Kopplern mit Einmoden-LWL.- A6 Anhang: Transversaler Pockels-Effekt (transversaler linearer elektrooptischer Effekt).- Literaturvierzeichnis.
£54.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Elektrisches Kochen: Erfahrungen über Auswahl und
Book SynopsisDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.Table of ContentsI. Die physikalisch-technischen Grundlagen des elektrischen Kochens.- 1. Grundsätzliche Unterschiede der Elektrowärme im Vergleich zu anderen Beheizungsarten.- 2. Die Kochplatte und ihre Arbeitsweise.- a) Aufbau und Bemessung der Kochplatte.- b) Wärmeübertragung auf Topf und Kochgut.- c) Einfluß der Kochgeschirre auf den Kochvorgang.- d) Der Wirkungsgrad der Kochplatte.- e) Kochtechnische Erfahrungen.- 3. Der elektrische Bratofen und seine Arbeitsweise.- a) Aufbau des Bratofens.- b) Arbeitsweise des Bratofens.- II. Geräte für die elektrische Haushaltküche.- 1. Der elektrische Haushaltherd.- a) Aufbau der Herde.- b) Formen elektrischer Herde.- c) Geräte für das Kochen im geschlossenen Raum.- d) Auswahl der Herde und Kochgeschirre.- 2. Elektrische Zusatzgeräte.- a) Geräte für die Heißwasserbereitung.- b) Geräte für Bratarbeiten.- c) Geräte zum Warmhalten der Speisen.- 3. Die Prüfung elektrischer Geräte für Haushaltküchen.- III. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit der elektrischen Haushaltküche.- 1. Der Stromverbrauch beim elektrischen Kochen.- a) Abhängigkeit des Kochstromverbrauchs von der Familiengröße, den Lebensgewohnheiten und der Art der Geräte.- b) Einfluß des Heißwasserspeichers auf den Kochstromverbrauch.- c) Einfluß der Jahreszeiten auf den Kochstromverbrauch.- 2. Vergleich des Elektrizitätsverbrauchs mit dem Energieverbrauch in Küchen anderer Beheizungsart.- 3. Haushalttarife der Elektrizitätswerke.- 4. Anschaffungskosten elektrischer Geräte und Zubehör.- IV. Belastungsverhältnisse beim elektrischen Kochen.- 1. Höhe und Verlauf der Kochbelastung.- a) Höhe der Kochbelastung.- b) Verlauf der Kochbelastung.- c) Einfluß der Heißwasserspeicher auf den Lastverlauf.- d) Lastverhältnisse bei Verwendung von Sparkochgeräten.- 2. Rückwirkung der Koehbelastung auf die Werks- und Netzbelastung.- 3. Bemessung der elektrischen Anlagen unter Berücksichtigung des elektrischen Kochens.- a) in bereits installierten Gebieten.- b) in Neubauvierteln.- V. Die elektrische Großküche.- 1. Grundsätzliche Eigenart des Großküchenbetriebes.- 2. Elektrische Geräte für Großküchen.- a) Herde.- b) Kochkessel.- c) Brat- und Backöfen.- d) Sonstige Bratgeräte (Bratpfannen, Grill und Spießapparate).- e) Wärmeschränke, Wärmetische usw.- f) Sondergeräte.- g) Heißwasserspeicher.- 3. Projektierung elektrischer Großküchen.- a) Kasinobetriebe, Speiseanstalten.- b) Krankenhäuser.- c) Gaststätten und Hotels.- d) Kleingaststätten (Landgasthöfe, Fremdenpensionen usw.).- e) Heißwasserbereitung in Großküchen.- f) Bauliche Gesichtspunkte bei der Einrichtung von Großküchen.- 4. Betrieb elektrischer Großküchen.- a) Normalbetrieb.- b) Stoßbetrieb.- VI. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit der elektrischen Großküchen.- 1. Höhe des Stromverbrauchs.- 2. Die Stromkosten elektrischer Großküchen.- a). Kasinobetriebe in Fabriken und Bürohäusern.- b) Warenhäuser.- c)Krankenhäuser.- d) Gaststätten und Hotels.- 3. Einfluß der Belastung elektrischer Großküchen auf die Werksbelastung.- VII. Die Verbreitung des elektrischen Kochens.- 1. Deutschland.- a) Die elektrische Haushaltküche.- b) Der elektrische Heißwasserspeicher.- c) Die elektrische Großküche.- 2. Verbreitung im Ausland.- a) Schweiz.- b) Nordische Länder.- c) Holland.- d) Amerika.- 3. Zukunftsaussichten.- Schlußwort.
£59.99
Springer Machine Tools Production Systems 3: Mechatronic
Book SynopsisThe first part of this third volume focuses on the design of mechatronic components, in particular the feed drives of machine tools used to generate highly dynamic drive movements. Engineering guides for the selection and design of important machine components, the control technology of feed drives, and the measuring systems required for position capture are presented. Another focus is on process and diagnostic equipment for manufacturing machines and systems. The second part describes control concepts including programming methods for various applications of modern production systems. Programmable logic controllers (PLC), numerical controllers (NC) and robot controllers (RC) are part of these presentations. In the context of automated manufacturing systems, the various levels of the automation pyramid and the importance of control systems are also outlined. Finally, the volume deals with the engineering of machines and plants. The German Machine Tools and Production Systems Compendium has been completely revised. The previous five-volume series has been condensed into three volumes in the new ninth edition with colored technical illustrations throughout. This first English edition is a translation of the German ninth edition. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Feed axes in machine tools.- Dynamic behavior of feed axes.- Feed drives for path generation.- Design of feed drives.- Process monitoring.- Automation of machines and plants.- Mechanical control systems.- Basics of information processing.- Electrical control systems.- Numerical controllers.- Command variable generation and interpolation.- Robots and robot controllers.- Production control systems.- Engineering.
£104.49
Springer Sensors in Science and Technology: Functionality
Book SynopsisSensors are used to measure physical, chemical and biological quantities. The book offers a comprehensive overview of physical principles, functions and applications of sensors. It is structured according to the fields of activity of sensors and shows their application by means of typical examples. Measured variables that can be recorded by sensors are e.g. mechanical, dynamic, thermal, electrical and magnetic. Furthermore, optical and acoustical sensors are discussed in detail in the book. The sensor signals are recorded, processed and converted into control signals for actuators. Such sensor systems are also presented.Table of ContentsFundamentals of sensor systems.- Physical effects for sensor use.- Measured variables that can be recorded by sensors.- Mechanical measured variables.- Dynamic measured variables.- Thermal measured variables.- Electrical and magnetic measured variables.- Optical measured variables.- Acoustic measured variables.- Climatic and meterological measured variables.- Chemical measured variables.- Biological and medical measured variables.
£75.99
LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Innovative Methods for Performance Enhancement of Pulse Oximeters
£48.81
LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Introduction to MMIC Technology
£43.29
LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Design of a Functional Electrical Stimulation Device
£31.46
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Spectroscopic Instrumentation: Fundamentals and Guidelines for Astronomers
Book SynopsisIn order to analyze the light of cosmic objects, particularly at extremely great distances, spectroscopy is the workhorse of astronomy. In the era of very large telescopes, long-term investigations are mainly performed with small professional instruments. Today they can be done using self-designed spectrographs and highly efficient CCD cameras, without the need for large financial investments.This book explains the basic principles of spectroscopy, including the fundamental optical constraints and all mathematical aspects needed to understand the working principles in detail. It covers the complete theoretical and practical design of standard and Echelle spectrographs. Readers are guided through all necessary calculations, enabling them to engage in spectrograph design. The book also examines data acquisition with CCD cameras and fiber optics, as well as the constraints of specific data reduction and possible sources of error. In closing it briefly highlights some main aspects of the research on massive stars and spectropolarimetry as an extension of spectroscopy. The book offers a comprehensive introduction to spectroscopy for students of physics and astronomy, as well as a valuable resource for amateur astronomers interested in learning the principles of spectroscopy and spectrograph design.Trade Review“It is a comprehensive volume that includes all the fundamental optics concerned with the components of spectrographs and their construction. … this is a text that will readily find a place on my bookshelf. It is a volume to which I expect to refer frequently, particularly in my efforts to develop spectrographs for future space missions.” (Martin Barstow, The Observatory, Vol. 135 (1249), December, 2015)Table of ContentsPrologue.- Fundamentals of standard spectroscopy.- The construction of a grating spectrograph.- Fundamentals of Echelle spectroscopy.- The construction of an Echelle spectrograph.- Other designs.- Practical examples.- Image Slicer.- CCD.- Fiber optics.- Data reduction.- Measurement errors and statistics.- Practical Observations.- The next step – Polarization.- Epilogue.- Acknowledgements.- Appendices.
£85.49