Electrical engineering Books

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn simulation tests of dynamic states of the power system (PS), the database of parameters of mathematical models of generating units is most commonly used. In many cases, the parameter values are burdened with large errors. Consequently, the results obtained are not reliable and do not allow drawing true conclusions. This monograph presents the developed methods and tools supporting the process of measurement determination of reliable values of parameters of mathematical models of synchronous generators and excitation systems. Special measurement tests are the basis for determining the parameters. The tests can be carried out in conditions of normal operation of generating units, in which electrical machines operate in the state of saturation of magnetic cores, and voltage regulators can reach limits. This book is intended for specialists in power engineering as well as students of faculties of electrical engineering interested in issues of PS transient states.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Simulation models of generating unit elements.- Analysis of the sensitivity of generating unit simulation waveforms to changes of model parameters.- Method, algorithm and module of a parameter estimation program for mathematical models of synchronous generator and excitation systems.- Forming and filtration of measurement waveforms.- A system for measuring generator load angle.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents the design and operation of DC wind systems and their integration into power grids. The chapters give an in-depth discussion on turbine conversion systems that have been adapted for DC grids and address characteristics of wind turbines when converting kinetic wind energy to electrical energy, components associated with DC systems, and the design and analysis of DC grids. Additionally, the performance of medium voltage DC (MVDC) array grid and high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission grid connected via an offshore substation with DC/DC converters are also addressed. The book examines multiphase hybrid excitation generator systems for wind turbines and discusses its design and operation for all DC systems. The book provides an insight into the state-of-the-art technological advancements for existing and futuristic wind generation schemes, and provides materials that will allow students, researchers, academics, and practicing engineers to learn, expand and complement their expertise.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Wind energy systems.- Chapter 2. Wind turbine systems.- Chapter 3. DC wind generation system.- Chapter 4. Hybrid Generator (HG) Concept and 3-phase Benchmark Machine.- Chapter 5. Multiphase Hybrid Generator (HG) Design.- Chapter 6. HG High Voltage Insulation Systems.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the most relevant research and standardization results in the area of wireless networking for Industrial IoT, covering both critical and massive connectivity. Most chapters in this book are intended to serve as short tutorials of particular topics, highlighting the main developments and ideas, as well as giving an outlook of the upcoming research challenges.The book is divided into four parts. The first part focuses on challenges, enablers and standardization efforts for reliable low-latency communication in Industrial IoT networks. The next part focuses on massive IoT, which requires cost- and energy-efficient technology components to efficiently connect a massive number of low-cost IoT devices. The third part covers three enabling technologies in the context of Industrial IoT: Security, Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence and Edge Computing. These enablers are applicable to both connectivity types, critical and massive IoT. The last part covers aspects of Industrial IoT related to connected transportation that are important in, for example, warehouse and port logistics, product delivery and transportation among industries. Presents a comprehensive guide to concepts and research challenges in wireless networking for Industrial IoT; Includes an introduction and overview of such topics as 3GPP standardization for Industrial IoT, Time Sensitive Networking, system dependability over wireless networks, energy-efficient wireless networks, IoT security, ML/AI for Industrial IoT and connected transportation systems; Features contributions by well-recognized experts from both academia and industry. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Categorization of IoT, main KPIs.- Part I: Wireless IoT Systems.- Intelligent Transport System.- Wireless Isochronous Real Time networks/Industrial control networks.- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks.- Part II: IoT communication.- Traffic modelling and measurement framework for IoT.- Random access for IoT.- Part III: Technologies for Massive IoT.- Massive IIoT LPWAN systems.- Energy efficient massive IoT.- Data centric solutions for IioT.- Part IV: Technologies for Critical and Broadband IoT.- Approaches for improved reliability in Industrial environment.- Application of Multi-Access Edge Computing in Industry 4.0.- Security challenges in critical IoT.- Machine Learning/AI as IoT enablers.- Channel models in industrial scenarios.- Time Sensitive Networking for wireless industrial control networks.- Network Slicing for IIoT.- Conclusion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis revised textbook presents updated material on its core content: an end-to-end IoT architecture that is comprised of devices, network, compute, storage, platform, applications along with management and security components. As with the second edition, it is organized into six main parts: an IoT reference model; fog computing and the drivers; IoT management and applications; smart services in IoT; IoT standards; and case studies. This edition’s features include overhaul of the IoT Protocols (Chapter 5) to include an expanded treatment of low-power wide area networks including narrow band IoT (NB-IoT) protocol, updated IoT platforms and capabilities (Chapter 7) to include comparison of commercially available platforms (e.g. AWS IoT Platform, Google Cloud IoT Platform, Microsoft Azure IoT Platform, and PTC ThinkWorx), updated security (Chapter 8) to include approaches for securing IoT devices with examples of IoT devices used in security attacks and associated solutions including MUD and DICE, and finally new Appendix B to include six IoT project detailed for students.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Part I: IoT Overview and Architecture.- IoT Timeline.- IoT Reference Model.- Evolution of IoT Protocol Stack.- State of the Industry.- Part II: Fog Computing.- Why Fog.- Defining the Fog.- Data In Motion.- Part III: IoT Management and Applications.- IoT Management.- IoT Security.- IoT Traffic Engineering.- IoT Applications.- Part IV: IoT-Based Smart Services.- Smart Service Framework.- Creating Smart Services.- Service Creation, development and delivery.- Ecosystems Partners.- Services reference architecture.- Part V: IoT Standards.- OneM2M.- ATSI.- ETSI.- IEEE.- Part VI: Invited Chapters.- IoT Business Models.- Open Source Initiatives.- Data in Motion. The Blockchain in IoT.- Conclusion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis study guide is designed for students taking courses in feedback control systems analysis and design. The textbook includes examples, questions, and exercises that will help electrical engineering students to review and sharpen their knowledge of the subject and enhance their performance in the classroom. Offering detailed solutions, multiple methods for solving problems, and clear explanations of concepts, this hands-on guide will improve student’s problem-solving skills and basic and advanced understanding of the topics covered in these courses.Trade Review“The book is very nicely written and may be suggested for lecturers to help them in lecturing, students for better understanding of the topic and also researchers, as the book is a concise collection of control methods to be used. I strongly support using this book extensively.” (Krzysztof Gałkowski, zbMATH 1490.93001, 2022)Table of Contents1: Problems: Different representations of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems2: Solutions of Problems: Different representations of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems3: Problems: Stability analysis of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems4: Solutions of Problems: Stability analysis of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems5: Problems: Analysis of transient response6: Solutions of Problems: Analysis of transient response7: Problems: Analysis of steady state response8: Solutions of Problems: Analysis of steady state response9: Problems: Graphical analysis and design in time domain10: Solutions of Problems: Graphical analysis and design in time domain11: Problems: Controller design in time domain12: Solutions of Problems: Controller design in time domain

Read more less

Book SynopsisSoC Physical Design is a comprehensive practical guide for VLSI designers that thoroughly examines and explains the practical physical design flow of system on chip (SoC). The book covers the rationale behind making design decisions on power, performance, and area (PPA) goals for SoC and explains the required design environment algorithms, design flows, constraints, handoff procedures, and design infrastructure requirements in achieving them. The book reveals challenges likely to be faced at each design process and ways to address them in practical design environments. Advanced topics on 3D ICs, EDA trends, and SOC trends are discussed in later chapters. Coverage also includes advanced physical design techniques followed for deep submicron SOC designs. The book provides aspiring VLSI designers, practicing design engineers, and electrical engineering students with a solid background on the complex physical design requirements of SoCs which are required to contribute effectively in design roles.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- SoC Physical Design Flow and Algorithms.- Physical Design Floor Plan and Placement.- Clock, Reset, and HFN.- Physical Design Routing.- Physical Design Verification.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe block diagrams as engineering means for closed loop control, which have been established by classic control theory for decades, are replaced in the above mentioned book by networks, the signals are replaced by data. It corresponds to the „Industry 4.0“ and to the structure of today’s automatic control systems. Thereby a classic closed loop is treated not isolated from other elements of nowadays automation like bus communication and process logical control, and is completed in proposed book with new control elements, so called data stream managers (DSM). The proposed book treats the control theory systematically like it is done in classical books considering the new concept of data management. The theory is accompanied in the book with examples, exercises with solutions and MATLAB®-simulations.Table of ContentsClassic closed loop control from Heron till now:- Basics of the closed loop management.- Engineering of closed loops.- Mathematical Backgrounds.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book covers power systems cybersecurity. In order to enhance overall stability and security in wide-area cyber-physical power systems and defend against cyberattacks, new resilient operation, control, and protection methods are required. The cyberattack-resilient control methods improve overall cybersecurity and stability in normal and abnormal operating conditions. By contrast, cyberattack-resilient protection schemes are important to keep the secure operation of a system under the most severe contingencies and cyberattacks. The main subjects covered in the book are: 1) proposing new tolerant and cyberattack-resilient control and protection methods against cyberattacks for future power systems, 2) suggesting new methods for cyberattack detection and cybersecurity assessment, and 3) focusing on practical issues in modern power systems. Table of ContentsChapter 1. A comprehensive review on cyber-attack detection and control of microgrid systems.- Chapter 2. Cyber Vulnerabilities of Modern Power Systems.- Chapter 3. Cyber-Physical Security in Smart Power Systems from a Resilience Perspective: Concepts and Possible Solutions.- Chapter 4. Cybersecurity Challenges in Microgrids: Inverter-Based Resources and Electric Vehicles.- Chapter 5. Improving Cybersecurity Situational Awareness in Smart Grid Environments.- Chapter 6. Hybrid Physics-Based and Data-driven Mitigation Strategy for Automatic Generation Control Under Cyber Attack.- Chapter 7. Data Driven Cybr Resilient Control of Wide Area Power Systems.- Chapter 8. Cyberattack-Resilient Control in Multi-Area Power Generation.- Chapter 9. Cyber-Security of Protection System in Power Grids - Part 1: Vulnerabilities and Counter-Measures.- Chapter 10. Cyber-Security of Protection System in Power Grids - Part 2: Case Studies on Securing Line Current Differential Relays.- Chapter 11. Semi-supervised deep learning-driven anomaly detection schemes for cyber-attack detection in smart grids.- Chapter 12. Vertical approach Anomaly Detection using Local Outlier Factor.- Chapter 13. A modular infrastructure for the validation of cyberattack detection systems.- Chapter 14. A novel self-learning cybersecurity system for smart grids.- Chapter 15. Cyber-resilience enhancement framework in smart grids.- Chapter 16. SOAR4DER: Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response for Distributed Energy Resources.- Chapter 17. A Study on Cyber-Physical System Architecture for Smart Grids and Its Cyber Vulnerability.- Chapter 18. A Study on Cybersecurity Standards for Power Systems.

Read more less

Book SynopsisRenewable Energy Integration for Bulk Power Systems: ERCOT and the Texas Interconnection looks at the practices and changes introduced in the Texas electric grid to facilitate renewable energy integration. It offers an informed perspective on solutions that have been successfully demonstrated, tested, and validated by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) to meet the key challenges which engineers face in integrating increased levels of renewable resources into existing electric grids while maintaining reliability. Coverage includes renewable forecasting, ancillary services, and grid and market operations. Proved methods and their particular use scenarios, including wind, solar, and other resources like batteries and demand response, are also covered. The book focuses on a real-world context that will help practicing engineers, utility providers, and researchers understand the practical considerations for developing renewable integration solutions and inspire the future development of more innovative strategies and theoretical underpinnings.Table of Contents1) Renewable Integration at ERCOT 2) Overview of Market Operation at ERCOT 3) Market Designs to Integrate Renewable Resources4) Ancillary Services (AS) at ERCOT5) Design of New Primary Frequency Control Market for Hosting Frequency Response Reserve Offers from both Generators and Loads 6) New Ancillary Service Market for ERCOT - Fast Frequency Response (FFR)7) System Inertia Trend and Critical Inertia8) Multiple-Period Reactive Power Coordination for Renewable Integration9) Renewable Forecast10) Ensemble Machine Learning Based Wind Forecasting to Combine NWP Output with Data from Weather Stations

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is a practical guide to digital protective relays in power systems. It explains the theory of how the protective relays work in power systems, provides the engineering knowledge and tools to successfully design them and offers expert advice on how they behave in practical circumstances. This book helps readers gain technical mastery of how the relays function, how they are designed and how they perform. This text not only features in-depth coverage of the theory and principles behind protective relays, but also includes a manual supplemented with software that offers numerous hands-on examples in MATLAB. A great resource for protective relaying labs and self-learners, its manual provides lab experiments unavailable elsewhere. The book is suitable for advanced courses in Digital Relays and Power Systems Fault Analysis and Protection, and will prove to be a valuable resource for practitioners in the utility industry, including relay designers.To access the MERIT2016 software and user manual please visit: sgcbook.engr.tamu.edu/Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Power system fault analysis and short circuit computations.- Basics of protective relaying and design principles.- Modeling of digital relay and power system signals.- Design and implementation of relay communication schemes and trip logic.- Design and implementation of overcurrent, pilot, and distance protection.- Testing of digital protective relays.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe book gives an insight into today's operational measurement technology including analysis technology, without claiming to be complete. For the student, the book is an introduction in addition to the relevant textbooks and manuals. It gives the engineer in the profession a quick overview of measurement methods and instruments not familiar to him.In this book not only the components of measurement technology are presented transparently, but also the analog components that are necessary for the construction of measurement and control systems.The theoretical basics and the measuring methods are as much a part of the book as the description of systems, devices and measuring equipment. By indicating measuring ranges and error limits, additional reference points for the application are given, whereby the values mentioned are to be regarded as minimum values due to the constant technical development.This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Messelektronik und Sensoren by Herbert Bernstein, published by Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature in 2014. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.Table of ContentsFundamentals of measurement technology.- Components of electrical measurement value acquisition.- Embodiment of dimensions.- Sensors.- Analog measurement signal processing.- Digital measurement signal processing.- Measurement signal processing with microcontroller.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe internal heat of the planet Earth represents an inexhaustible reservoir of thermal energy. This form of energy, known as geothermal energy has been utilized throughout human history in the form of hot water from hot springs. Modern utilization of geothermal energy includes direct use of the heat and its conversion to other forms of energy, mainly electricity. Geothermal energy is a form of renewable energy and its use is associated with very little or no CO2-emissions and its importance as an energy source has greatly increased as the effects of climate change become more prominent. Because of its inexhaustibility it is obvious that utilization of geothermal energy will become a cornerstone of future energy supplies. The exploration of geothermal resources has become an important topic of study as geology and earth science students prepare to meet the demands of a rapidly growing industry, which involves an increasing number professionals and public institutions participating in geothermal energy related projects. This book meets the demands of both groups of readers, students and professionals. Geothermal Energy and its utilization is systematically presented and contains the necessary technical information needed for developing and understanding geothermal energy projects. It presents basic knowledge on the Earth’s thermal regime and its geothermal energy resources, the types of geothermal energy used as well as its future potential and the perspectives of the industry. Specific chapters of the book deal with borehole heat exchangers and with the direct use of groundwater and thermal water in hydrogeothermal systems. A central topic are Enhanced Geothermal Systems (hot-dry-rock systems), a key technology for energy supply in the near future. Pre-drilling site investigations, drilling technology, well logging and hydraulic test programs are important subjects related to the exploration phase of developing Geothermal Energy sites. The chemical composition of the natural waters used as a heat transport medium in geothermal systems can be used as an exploration tool, but chemistry is also important during operation of a geothermal power plant because of potential scale formation and corrosion of pipes and installations, which needs to be prevented. Graduate students and professionals will find in depth information on Geothermal Energy, its exploration and utilization.Trade ReviewBook: Petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks (Bucher & Frey) Springer-Verlag 2002 Customer reviews on Amazon.com one of the best textbooks available, 10. April 2000 Von Katharina Dubach Petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks is probable the best textbook available for students of metamorphic petrology. In a short, concise form it introduces the reader to the principles of metamorphic petrology as well as to the evolution of different rock types under changing metamorphic conditions. Excellent source for anyone studying metamorphic rocks., 2. Juni 1999 Von Ein Kunde This book is divided into two sections. The first section deals with the basic princiles of metamorphism, including composition of source rocks, types, processes and condidtions of metamorphism. A very detailed description on the construction of metamorphic projections is also included. Part two covers the metamorphism of different rock compositions including ultramafic, mafic, carbonate, pelitic, and granitoid rocks. This section is very detailed, without bogging down with specific examples of metamorphism.Table of Contents1. Thermal Structure of the Earth.-1.1 Renewable Energies, Global Aspects.- 1.2 Internal Structure of the Earth.- 1.3 Energy budget of the planet.- 1.4 Heat transport and thermal parameters.- 1.5 Brief outline of methods for measuring thermal parameters.- 2. History of Geothermal Energy Use.- 2.1 Early utilization of geothermal energy.- 2.2 History of Utilization of Geothermal Energy in the last 150 Years .- 3. Geothermal Energy Resources.- 3.1 Energy.- 3.2 Significance of "renewable" energies.- 3.3 Status of geothermal energy utilization.- 3.4 Geothermal energy sources.- 4. Application of Geothermal Energy.- 4.1 Near surface Geothermal Systems.- 4.2 Deep Geothermal Systems.- 4.3 Efficiency of geothermal systems.- 4.4 Major geothermal fields, high enthalpy fields.- 5. Potentials and Perspectives of Geothermal Utilization.- 6. Geothermal Probes.- 6.1 Planning Principles .- 6.2 Construction of ground source heat exchangers.- 6.3 Dimensioning and design of geothermal probes.- 6.4 Drilling methods for borehole heat exchanger.- 6.5 Backfill and grouting of geothermal probes.- 6.6 Construction of deep geothermal probes.- 6.7 Operating geothermal probes: Potential risks, malfunctions and damages.- 6.8 Special systems and further developments.- 7. Geothermal Well Systems.- 7.1 Building geothermal well systems.- 7.2 Chemical aspects of two-well systems.- 7.3 Thermal range of influence, numerical models.- 8. Hydrothermal Systems, Geothermal Doublets.- 8.1 Geology and tectonic structure of the underground.- 8.2 Thermal and hydraulic properties of the target aquifer.- 8.3 Hydraulic and thermal range of hydrothermal doublets.- 8.4 Hydrochemistry of hot waters from great depth.- 8.5 Reservoir-improving measures, Efficiency-boosting measures, Stimulation.- 8.6 Productivity risk, Exploration risk, Economic efficiency.- 8.7 Some site examples of hydrothermal systems.- 8.8 Project planning of hydrothermal power systems.- 9. Enhanced-Geothermal-Systems (EGS), Hot-Dry-Rock Systems (HDR), Deep-Heat-Mining (DHM).- 9.1 Techniques, procedures, strategies, aims.- 9.2 Historical development of the hydraulic fracturing technology, early HDR sites.- 9.3 Stimulation procedures.- 9.4 Experience and dealing with micro-seismicity.- 9.5 Recommendations, Notes.- 10.Environmental Issues Related to Deep Geothermal Systems.- 10.1 Seismicity related to EGS projects.- 10.2 Interaction between geothermal system operation and the subsurface.- 10.3 Environmental issues related to surface installations and operation.- 11. Drilling techniques for deep wellbores.- 13. Geophysical methods, exploration and analysis.- 12.1 Geophysical pre-drilling exploration, seismic investigations.- 12.2 Geophysical well logging and data interpretation.- 13.Testing the hydraulic properties of the drilled formations.- 13.1 Principles of hydraulic testing.- 13.2 Types of tests, planning and implementation, evaluation procedures.- 13.3 Tracer Experiments.- 13.4 Temperature evaluation methods.- 14. The chemical composition of deep geothermal waters and its consequences for planning and operating a geothermal power plant.- 14.1 Sampling and laboratory analyses.- 14.2 Deep geothermal waters, data and interpretation.- 14.3 Mineral scales and materials corrosion.- 15. References

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book demystifies how Kubernetes networking actually works by walking through a simple but practical simulation that mirrors reality as closely as possible, while skipping the gory details.Widespread adoption of container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes have spawned a whole field of industry products, startups and academic research in the field of container networking, typically termed as cloud-native networking. But, what is cloud-native networking? What are the various pieces and how do they fit together?Over recent years, most applications have been deployed on cloud infrastructure. Kubernetes has been the widely adopted orchestrator for these clouds. Application developers in most cases are unaware of the underlying plumbing in Kubernetes that holds their applications running as containers. Networking is an integral part of any Kubernetes environment and efficiently drives the various abstractions provided by it. Needless to say, it greatly effects the performance of applications, which in general have a humongous amount of inter-microservice communication. The impact is even more profound in multiple cloud environments.Table of Contents1. Introduction to Kubernetes Concepts 2. Workers and Containers 3. Container–Container Networking 4. Services 5. Exposing Services 6. Multi-cluster Networking

Read more less

Book SynopsisMultirate Signal processing can improve system performance and reduce costs in applications ranging from laboratory instruments, cable modems, wireless systems, satellites, Radar, Sonar, and consumer entertainment products. This second edition continues to offer a systematic, clear, and intuitive introduction.

Read more less

Book SynopsisImplantable devices are a unique area for circuit designers. A comprehensive understanding of design trade-offs at the system level is important to ensure device success. Circuit Design Considerations for Implantable Devices provides knowledge to CMOS circuit designers with limited biomedical background to understand design challenges and trade-offs for implantable devices, especially neural interfacing.Technical topics discussed in the book include: Neural interface Neural sensing amplifiers Electrical stimulation Embedded Signal Analysis Wireless Power Transmission to mm-Sized Free-Floating Distributed Implants Next Generation Neural Interface ElectronicsTable of ContentsCircuit Design Considerations for Implantable Devices

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides an introduction to the working principles of reverse electrodialysis and its practical application in the generation of electricity. Salinity gradient energy (SGE) has received significant attention recently due to the energy crisis resulting from the depletion of fossil fuels and the growth in energy demand. There are currently three methods to convert SGE into electricity: pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), reverse electrodialysis (RED), and capacitive mixing (CAPMIX). This book covers the theory and implementation of reverse electrodialysis, which uses ion exchange membranes to selectively deliver cations or anions, and its advantages over other methods, such as high reliability without any moving parts, the direct energy conversion process from chemical energy to electrical energy, and its low fouling rate. All of these have made RED an attractive option, however, there are various challenges in the route to commercialization and these are also described. The book summarizes the research progress and current status of RED, with a final chapter considering the outlook for the future of the technology at a commercial level. Table of ContentsFigure captions Table captions Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Parametric study on RED with sodium chloride solution 3. Effect of flow structure on RED performance 4. REDapplied for desalination 5. Parametric study of RED using ammonium bicarbonate solution to recover low-grade waste heat 6. Nanofluidic RED 7. Conclusion and future prospects References

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis Proceedings volume gathers outstanding papers submitted to the 19th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference & 2017 SAE-China Congress, the majority of which are from China – the largest car-maker as well as most dynamic car market in the world. The book covers a wide range of automotive topics, presenting the latest technical advances and approaches to help technicians solve the practical problems that most affect their daily work.Table of ContentsA Study on a Carmakers Brake Pedal Feel DNA.- Road Noise Prediction Based on FRF-Based Substructuring Method.- A Simple Theory of Fuel Escape from Combustion Room.- Development of a Water Cooled Condenser.- End to End Adaptive Cruise Control Based on Timing Network.- Intelligent Laser Solutions for Automotive Manufacturing.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents selected, high-quality research papers from the International Conference on Electronic Systems and Intelligent Computing (ESIC 2020), held at NIT Yupia, Arunachal Pradesh, India, on 2 – 4 March 2020. Discussing the latest challenges and solutions in the field of smart computing, cyber-physical systems and intelligent technologies, it includes papers based on original theoretical, practical and experimental simulations, developments, applications, measurements, and testing. The applications and solutions featured provide valuable reference material for future product development. Table of ContentsA Reliable and Secure Wireless Network for VoIP Application.- Interdisciplinary Approaches Incorporating Computational Intelligence in Modern Pharmacognosy to Address Biological Problems.- Solar Power Plant Site Selection: A Systematic Literature Review on MCDM Techniques Used.- Biometrics Based Pig Identification: From Invention to Commercialisation.- Optimal Placement of FACTS Devices in the Power System Using ANN to Increase the System Loadability.- Impact of Noise Levels on SVM-GMM based Speaker Recognition System.- Implementation of Perturbation Based MPPT Technique Using Model Based Design.- Modified Aggressive Packet Combining Scheme with Repetition Code for Throughput Enhancement in High Error Rate Channel.- Development of Image Based Disease Scale of Phoma Blight of Potato using K-means Clustering.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book highlights principles and applications of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). After introducing the basic concepts, research progress, standardizations and limitations of EMC, the book puts emphasis on presenting the generation mechanisms and suppression principles of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, radiated EMI noise, and electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) problems such as electrostatic discharge (ESD), electric fast transient (EFT) and surge. By showing EMC case studies and solved examples, the book provides effective solutions to practical engineering problems. Students and researchers will be able to use the book as practical reference for EMC-related measurements and problem- solution.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Summary of Electromagnetic Compatibility Chapter 2 Conducted EMI Noise Generated Mechanism, Measurement and Diagnosis Chapter 3 Conducted Electromagnetic Interference Suppression Methods and Case Studies Chapter 4 Radiated EMI Noise Generated Mechanism, Measurement and Diagnosis Chapter 5 Radiated Electromagnetic Interference Suppression Methods and Case Study Chapter 6 Principle and Analysis of Electromagnetic Susceptibility Chapter 7 Case Study of Electromagnetic Susceptibility

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book introduces the most state-of-the-art wireless power transfer technologies for electric vehicles from the fundamental theories to practical designs and applications, especially on the circuit analysis methods, resonant compensation networks, magnetic couplers, and related power electronics converters. Moreover, some other necessary design considerations, such as communication systems, detection of foreign and living objects, EMI issues, and battery charging strategies, are also introduced to provide sufficient insights into the industrial applications. Finally, some future points are mentioned in brief. Different from other works, all the WPT technologies in this book are applied in real EV applications, whose effectiveness and reliability have been already tested and verified. From this book, readers who are interested in the area of wireless power transfer can have a broad view of modern WPT technologies. Readers who have no experience in the WPT area can learn the basic concept, analysis methods, and design principles of the WPT system for EV charging. Even for the readers who are occupied in this area, this book also provides rich knowledge on engineering applications and future trends of EV wireless charging. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Basic Concepts of Static/Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles.- Resonant Circuit Analysis Theories.- Resonant Compensation Topologies.- Magnetic Couplers.- Soft Switching.- Communication System.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical, Control and Computer Engineering (InECCE 2021), held in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, on 23 August 2021. The topics covered are sustainable energy, power electronics and drives and power engineering including distributed/renewable generation, power system optimization, artificial/computational intelligence, smart grid, power system protection and machine learning energy management and conservation. The book showcases some of the latest technologies and applications developed to solve local energy and power problems in order to ensure continuity, reliability and security of electricity for future generations. It also links topics covered the sustainable developed goals (SDGs) areas outlined by the United Nation for global sustainability. The book will appeal to professionals, scientists and researchers with experience in industry.Table of ContentsPART I Sustainable Energy and Power EngineeringDynamic Partial Discharge Characteristic for Onsite Measurement Based on Zero Crossing in Power Cable (TESTING NO 2)A. Z. Abdullah, Z. H. Bohari, N. Azizan, M. IsaPartial Discharge Detection Performance Using Multi-Cylindrical Slots Antenna with Parasitic Suppression Patch for Power Transformer (TESTING NO 3)Z. H. Bohari, M. Isa, A. Z. Abdullah, P. J. Soh, A. N. Nanyan, and M. F. SulaimaReliability Performance in Distribution System based on the Amount of Power supply by Generators and Synchronous Compensators in the SystemNoorFatin Farhanie Mohd Fauzi, Nur Nabihah Rusyda Roslan, Mohd Ikhwan Muhammad RidzuanOptimal Loading Analysis with Penalty Factors for Generators Using Brute Force MethodMohammad Khurshed Alam, Mohd Herwan SulaimanUsing the Barnacles Mating Optimizer with Effective Constraints Handling Technique for Cost Minimization of Optimal Power Flow Solution Mohd Herwan Sulaiman, Zuriani Mustaffa, Mohd Mawardi Saari and Ahmad Johari MohamadModelling of Power Curve Equation for Small-Scale Vertical Axis Hydrokinetic TurbineW.I. Ibrahim, M. R. Mohamed and R. M. T. R. IsmailHigh Gain Boost Converter for Electrical Vehicle (EV) ApplicationM. Z. Aihsan, M. M. Azizan, M. I. Fahmi, A. M. Yusof and M. F. HarizAnalysis on the Projectile Speed for Different Initial Voltage and Projectile Position for 6-Stage and 10-Stage Reluctance AcceleratorsKhairul Amin Abu Johan, Nabil Fikri Idris and Anwar Hasni Abu HassanLight Bulbs Comparison from Different Brand and Working PrincipleM.S. Sutrisno, S. Nurulain, N. O. Sharif, M. R. Salim, H. ManapHotspot Detection in Photovoltaic Array using Thermal Imaging MethodMohd Shawal bin Jadin, Shahira Farhana Ahmad Safian, Kamarul Hawari Ghazali,A Device for Evaluating Photovoltaic (PV) Module Output Performance and Degradation Mohd Shawal bin Jadin, Athirah Surimin¬, Norizam Sulaiman, Airul Sharizli Abdullah and Fairuz Rizal Mohamad RashidiPerformance of 2-DOF PID Controller in AGC of Two Area Interconnected Power System Using PSO Algorithm.K. Peddakapu, M. R. Mohamed, P. Srinivasarao, D J.K. Kishore, D.A. Koteswararao, P.S P R SwamyLoss Minimization of Optimal Power Flow with Stochastic Solar Power Generation Using Improved Salp Swarm AlgorithmZuriani Mustaffa and Mohd Herwan SulaimanUtilization and Evaluation of Heat from Asphalt Pavement to Produce Power Using Thermoelectric PlateKhairul Anwar Bin Khalid, Aimie Nazmin Azmi, Aziah KhamisAnalysis of Partial Discharge Activity in High Voltage XLPE Insulation as a Function of Different Void Sizes and Locations Using the Capacitance ModelMohanned Khalid Elemary, Hadi Nabipour Afrouzi, Chin-Leong Wooi, Kamyar Mehranzamir, Zulkurnain Abdul Malek and Jubaer AhmedComparative Analysis of 5-level Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Switched TopologyM. H. Arshad, B. Ismail, M. Z. Aihsan , Z. M. Isa and S. KhodijahComparative Study on Various Type of Lightning Arrester at Solar FarmS. S. Wahdain, M. S. Hissam and A. I. MohamedTiming Control of Streamer Initiation and Electrospray Generation for Waste Water TreatmentShinji Yudate, Ryosuke Tamada, Tatsuya Takahashi, Ryotaro Ozaki, Kazunori KadowakiPerformance Analysis of Single-Phase Inverter using SEPIC Converter Iman Alyzza Zunnurain, Koh Mun Yumi and Mohd Haris FaisalA Hybrid Optimization Approach for Power Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Improvement in Distribution System Noor Najwa Husnaini Mohammad Husni, Siti Rafidah Abdul Rahim and Mohd Rafi Adzman Study and Analysis of Harmonic Current Generation in Uncontrolled Rectifier with RLC Load Noradniazman Abd Aziz and Yushaizad YusofSelective Harmonic Minimization in Multilevel Inverter with Cascaded DC sources using Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithm Y. W. Sea, W. T. Chew, J. S. Ong, W.V. Yong, N. S. Ahmad and J. H. LeongOptimization of Distributed Generation Using Mix-Integer Optimization by Genetic Algorithm (MIOGA) Considering Load Growth Che Muhamad Asad Safwan, Norhafidzah Mohd Saad, Mohammad Fadhil Abas, Suliana Ab-Ghani and Abid AliOptimization of Radial Distribution Network With Distributed Generation using Particle Swarm Optimization Considering Load Growth Muhammad Al Amin Abdullah, Norhafidzah Mohd Saad, Mohammad Fadhil Abas, Norazila Jaalam and Abid Ali Evaluating Performance enhancement of Surfactant-added Nano-enhanced Phase Change Material (SNPCM) on PV Module Nurul Humaira Binti Muhd Zaimi, Amirjan Bin Nawabjan, Shaharin Fadzli Abdul Rahman, Siti Maherah Binti Hussin and Hasimah Abdul RahmanA High Accuracy Control of Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter using PSO Online Direct Tuning Suliana Ab-Ghani, Hamdan Daniyal, Nur Huda Ramlan, Norhafidzah Mohd Saad and Meng Chung TiongRule-based-Iterative Energy Management System for Islanded Hybrid Microgrid System Ng Rong Wee and J. J. JamianA Simulation Study of Wireless Power Transfer for Electric VehicleMohd.M. M.I., Bakar. M.S. and Jadin M.SSpatio-temporal characteristics of energetic lightning in Southeast Asia: Preliminary statistical results Shunsuke Akama, Yasuhide Hobara, Amir Izzani Mohamed, Chandima Gomes, Kazuo Shiokawa, Shu Hirai, Hiroshi Kikuchi and Michael StockSpatio-temporal distributions of lightning stroke charge using ELF and Meteorological Data Yasuhide Hobara, Takuhiko Ohashi, Tomonori Shiraishi and Kazuo ShiokawaPART II Control, Instrumentation and Artificial Intelligent SystemsComparative Study of Controller Performance for Variable Speed Compressor Using R600a RefrigerantM. N. Rajaie, M. Saifizi, S. M. Othman, W. A. MustafaA Retention Ability of Velocity Profile in Multi-Stage Fluidization SystemsM.S.M. Shabri, M.A.M. Nawi, M.S. Zakaria, N.M. Musa, M.A.R. Alias, and R.M.Z.R. IbrahimAssessing the Chaotic Map Population Initializations for Sine Cosine Algorithm Using the Case Study of Pairwise Test Suite GenerationFakhrud Din, Kamal Z. Zamli and Abdullah B. NasserLevy Slime Mould Algorithm for Solving Numerical and Engineering Optimization ProblemsJulakha Jahan Jui, Mohd Ashraf Ahmad and Muhammad Ikram Mohd RashidProstate Cancer Prediction Using Feedforward Neural Network Trained with Particle Swarm OptimizerJulakha Jahan Jui, M.M. Imran Molla, Mohammad Khurshed Alam and Asma Ferdowsi An Open-source, Miniature UV to NIR Spectrophotometer for Measuring the Transmittance of Liquid MaterialsAnas Mohd Noor, Ahmad Nasrul Norali, Zulkarnay Zakaria, Chong Yen Fook and Basri Noor CahyadiLevy Tunicate Swarm Algorithm for Solving Numerical and Real-World Optimization ProblemsJulakha Jahan Jui, Mohd Ashraf Ahmad and Muhammad Ikram Mohd RashidSine-based Barnacle Mating Optimization for PD Control of an Inverted Pendulum SystemAlmaa Anwari Roslan, Ahmad Nor Kasruddin Nasir, Mohd Falfazli Mat Jusof, Ahmad Azwan Abd Razak and Mohd Ashraf Ahmad A New Hybrid Image Encryption Technique using Lorenz Chaotic System and Simulated Kalman Filter (SKF) AlgorithmNurnajmin Qasrina Ann, Dwi Pebrianti, Mohd Fadhil Abas, Luhur BayuajiClassification of Domestic Electrical Appliances Based on Starting Transient Using Artificial Intelligence MethodsTarmizi Ahmad Izzuddin, Norlaili Mat Safri, Ong Sze Munn, Zamani Md Sani, Mohamad Na’im Mohd Nasir Water-based Energy Production using PI ControllerN. I. H. M. Ali, N. I. Ahmad, M.Z. Aihsan, D. H. A. Rahman, M. S. Abdul Rahim, N. Azizan, H. Mokhtarddin, B. M. Jalaludin, A. A. H. Zaidi, A. SalehManta Ray Foraging Optimization with Quasi-Reflected Opposition Strategy for Global OptimizationAhmad Azwan Abdul Razak, Ahmad Nor Kasruddin Nasir, Nor Maniha Abdul Ghani, Mohd Falfazli Mat JusofDesign and Implementation of Closed-loop PI Control Strategies in Real-time for Linear ARMAX Models of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System using R600a RefrigerantM. N. Rajaie, M. Saifizi, S. M. Othman, W. A. MustafaParticle Swarm Optimization with Modified Initialization Scheme for Numerical OptimizationWy-Liang Cheng, Koon Meng Ang, Zhi Chuan Choi, Wei Hong Lim, Sew Sun Tiang, Elango Natarajan, Chun Kit Ang, Mohamed Khan Afthab Ahamed KhanA Simple Design of a Matlab-Based Function for Topographical Presentation of FNIRS DataTalukdar Raian Ferdous, Rifath Hasan, Mohammad Khurshed Alam, Muhammad Muinul Islam, and Md. Asadur Rahman Moth Flame Optimization Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Photovoltaic System under Partial Shaded ConditionsMeng Chung Tiong, Hamdan Daniyal, Mohd Herwan Sulaiman, Mohd Shafie BakarPerformance Measure of Case Based Reasoning (CBR) for Ammonia in Water by Specific ConcentrationMuhamad Faruqi Zahari, Muhammad Sharfi Najib, Suhaimi Mohd Daud, Mujahid Mohamad, Nur Farina Hamidon MajidClassification for Ammonia in Water by Specific Concentration using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)Muhamad Faruqi Zahari, Muhammad Sharfi Najib, Suhaimi Mohd Daud, Mujahid Mohamad, Suziyanti ZaibThe Classification of Meat Odor-profile using K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)Nur Farina Hamidon Majid, Muhammad Sharfi Najib, Muhamad Faruqi Zahari, Suziyanti Zaib and Tuan Sidek Tuan MudaThe Classification of Meat Odor-profile using K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)Nur Farina Hamidon Majid, Muhammad Sharfi Najib, Muhamad Faruqi Zahari, Suziyanti Zaib and Tuan Sidek Tuan MudaThe Study of Groundwater Source by using KNN ClassificationSuziyanti Zaib, Muhammad Sharfi Najib, Suhaimi Mohd Daud, Muhammad Faruqi Zahari and Mujahid MohamadkNN: Classification of Agarwood Types in Oil and Wooden Using E-noseMujahid Mohamad, Muhammad Sharfi Najib, Saiful Nizam bin Tajuddin, Suhaimi Mohd Daud, Nur Farina Hamidon Majid, Suziyanti Zaib, and Muhamad Faruqi ZahariLubricant Oil Odor-Profile Classification using Case based Reasoning Intelligent Classification MethodSuhaimi Mohd Daud, Muhammad Sharfi Najib, Saiful Nizam Tajuddin, Muhamad Faruqi Zahari, Nur Farina Hamidon Majid, Suziyanti Zaib and Mujahid MohamadIntermittent Measurement and Finite Escape Time Correlations Study in H∞ Filter In NavigationHamzah Ahmad, Mohd Syakirin Ramli, Nur Aqilah Othman, Badaruddin Mohamad and Mohd Mawardi SaariA Novel Hybrid Extreme Learning Machine-Whale Optimization Algorithm for Bearing Fault DiagnosisM Firdaus Isham, M. S. R. Saufi and Amirul. A. R.Development of Low-Cost Remote Sensing System for Air Quality Monitoring Using Flying Wing UAV PlatformDhiya Syakir Bin Zulkifli and Ahmad Anas Bin YusofPerformance Analysis of Spraying Coverage Rate by using Mobile Robot for Pesticide Spraying Application on Chili Fertigation FarmA. M. Kassim, S. Said, M. M. Roslan, S. Sahak, M. A.S. A. Aziz, M.R. Yaacob, W.M. Bukhari, M. A. A Abid, A. H. Azahar, D. A. Prasetya and A. K. R. A. JayaA BASIC Language Compiler for PLC ApplicationsZulfakar Aspar and Nurul Huda Abd RahmanRobust Nonlinear Liquid Level Control of a Coupled-tank System using Backstepping Integral Sliding Mode ControlMaziyah Mat-Noh, Hamzah Ahmad, Nur Aqilah Othman, Dwi Pebrianti and Herdawatie Abdul KadirPower Production Optimization of Model-Free Wind Farm using Smoothed Functional AlgorithmRen Hao Mok and Mohd Ashraf AhmadPART III Applied Electronics and Computer EngineeringDevelopment of IoT based Smart Sorting Recycle Bin using Raspberry Pi3 B+Shahrulazlan Che Abdul Ghani, Yasmin Abdul Wahab, Nurhafizah Abu Talip@Yusof, Mohd Mawardi Saari, Rohana Abdul Karim, Nor Farizan Zakaria, Nurul Wahidah Arshad and Mohd Razali DaudDiagnosis of Hearing Impairment Based on Wavelet Transformation and Machine Learning ApproachMd Nahidul Islam, Norizam Sulaiman and Mahfuzah MustafaBrainwave Distribution of Cognitive Activities Between Normal and Dyslexia ChildrenEngku Mohd Nasri Engku Mat Nasir, Norfaiza Fuad, Mohd Erwandi Marwan, and Norfatin AkilaSelf-Powered Solar Patch Antenna at 5.8 GHz for wireless surveillance monitoringKeerrthenan Yoorththeran and Noorlindawaty Md JizatDiscontinuities Classification using Texture Features and Support Vector MachineHaniza Yazid 1[0000-0003-1760-2473], Khairul Salleh Basaruddin, Muhammad Juhairi Aziz Safar and Hafizal YazidAutomatic Brain Tumor Detection using Feature Selection and Machine Learning from MRI ImagesA. S. M. Shafi1, Md. Mahmudul Hasan, M. M. Imran Molla, Mohammad Khurshed Alam and Md. Tarequl IslamGas Detection System for Dry and Wet Cupping ProcessMohd Riduwan Ghazali, Nursyazwani Khazanah, Wan Ismail Ibrahim, and Mohd Falfazli Mat JusoComparative Study on Hyperspectral Image Enhancement for Low Illumination Outdoor Scenes ImagesLee Yong Quan, Rohana Abdul Karim, Nurul Wahidah Arshad, Nor Farizan Zakaria, Wan Nur Azhani Binti W. Samsudin, Yasmin Abdul Wahab, and Adhi Harmoko SaputroOptimized Set of Parallel Atrous Convolutions for ShuffleNet V2Siti Raihanah Abdani, Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley and Nuraisyah Hani ZulkifleyTomato Leaf Health Monitoring System with SSD and MobileNetJia Wei Low, Sew Sun Tiang, Wei Hong Lim, Ying Hai Chonga and Yoon Nam VoonUnderstanding Domain Knowledge in Initialization Method for K-Mean Clustering Algorithm in MedicalImagesXiao Jian Tan, Nazahah Mustafa, Mohd Yusoff Mashor, Khairul Shakir Ab Rahman, Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad, Wai Zhe Leow, Wai Loon Cheor, and Qi Wei OungMalware Attack Forecasting by using Exponential SmoothingMohd Nizamuddin Abas, Siti Zura A. Jalil and Siti Armiza Mohd ArisTraffic Light (Circle) Detection and Recognition using YOLO and Image Processing TechniqueZamani Md Sani, Mohd Iqbal Farez bin Saari and Tarmizi Ahmad IzzudinImprovement of Disparity Measurement of Stereo VisionAlgorithm using Modified Dynamic Cost VolumeAhmad Fauzan, Rostam Affendi, Nurulfajar, Mohd Saad,, Nadzrie, and Khairul AzhaNutrient Pump Controller based on IoT Application for Aquascape Environmental TreatmentDaniel Patricko Hutabarat, Rudy Susanto, and SMNA SenanayakeHuman Behaviors Classification using Deep Learning TechniqueCheang Chi Shun, Mohd Zamri bin Ibrahim and Ikhwan Hafiz bin MuhamadClassification of Electromyography Signal from Residual Limb of Hand AmputeesAhmad Nasrul Norali1,2, Anas Mohd Noor, Zulkarnay Zakaria, Yasser Said, Mohammed Al-Mahdi, Chong Yen Fook and Asyraf Hakimi Abu BakarImplementation of Artificial Neural Network to Recognize Numbers from VoiceFatin Nur Amalina bt Zainol and Mohd Zamri bin IbrahimAnalysis of Feed-Forward Connections for Apex Frame SpottingKoo Sie Min, Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley, Nor Azwan Mohamed Kamari and Asraf Mohamed MourbarkComputer-Vision-Based Integrated Circuit Recognition Using Deep LearningYoon Nam Voon, Koon Meng Ang, Ying Hai Chong, Wei Hong Lim, and Sew Sun TiangU-Slot Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for UHF RFID Reader Mohd Hisyam Mohd Ariff, Imran Saifullah, Rahimah Jusoh, Mohammed Nazmus Shakib and Mohammad Fadhil AbasEmotion State Recognition Using Band Power of EEG SignalsN. F. A. Halim, N. Fuad, M. E. Marwan and E. M. N. E. M NasirFeature Selection and Prediction of Heart Disease Using Machine Learning Approaches M. M. Imran Molla, Md. Sakirul Islam, A. S. M. Shafi, Mohammad Khurshed Alam, Md. Tarequl Islam and Julakha Jahan JuiOptimizing Machine Learning For Yield Improvement Opportunity Hazmarini Husin, Aeizaal Azman A.Wahab and Rosmiwati Mohd MokhtarFPGA Implementation of Convolutional Neural Network for Defect Identification on Swiven Cap Ngei Siong Wong, Bakhtiar Affendi Rosdi, Muhammad Firdaus Akbar Jalaludin Khan and Mohd Shahrimie Mohd AsaariA Digital Dual-phase Lock-in Amplifier for MFL and ECT NDT ApplicationsMohd Aufa Hadi Putera Zaini, Mohd Mawardi Saari, Nurul A’in Nadzri and Zulkifly AzizDevelopment of Savonius Vertical Windmill with Charging System N.A.W.A Halim, D.H.A Rahman, N.I Ahmad, H. M. Habibah, N Kimpol, N Azizan, A.Z.Abdullah, N.S. ZakariaMalaysian Vehicle License Plate Recognition Using Deep Learning and Computer VisionKuken Raj Pugalenthy, Mohd Zamri bin Ibrahim, Ahmad Afif bin Mohd Faudzi and Md Rizal Bin OthmanU-Net with Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling for Skin Lesion SegmentationMarzuraikah Mohd Stofa, Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley, Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zainuri and Ahmad Asrul IbrahimDetecting Mobile Producer’s Position in a Wireless Named Data Network Environment using Signal StrengthMuhammed Zaharadeen Ahmed, Othman Omran Khalifa, Aisha Hassan Abdal-lah Hashim, Abdulkadir Hamidu Alkali, Belal Ahmed Hamida, and Hafsat Suleiman JaloImage Processing Approach for Detection and Quantification of Corrosion Behaviour of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy.Zuraila Iberahim, Mohd Zamzuri Mohammad Zain, Abdul Halim Ismail, Juliawati Alias, Muhammad Aiman Ahmad Fozi, Nooraizedfiza Zainon and Marina MarzukiMulti-class Imbalanced Classification Problems in Network Attack DetectionsSoon Hui Fern, Amiza Amir and Saidatul Norlyana AzemiBackground Subtraction Algorithm Comparison on the Raspberry Pi Platform for Real Video Datasets I.Iszaidy, R. Ngadiran, N. Ramli, A.R.A Nazren,N.M. Wafi,M.I JaisThree Dimension (3D) Indoor Positioning via Received Signal Strength Indicator in Internet of ThingsNur Haliza Abdul Wahab, N. Syazwani C. J, Sharifah H. S. Ariffin, Noor-hazirah Sunar and Nuraini Huda A.KA Near Infrared Image of Forearm Subcutaneous Vein Extraction Using U-NetNuraini Huda A. K., Nur Haliza Abdul Wahab, Goh Chuan Meng, C. H. Lim, Sayed Ahmad Zikri Sayed Bin Sayed Aluwee, Mohd Nazri Bajuri, S. Zaleha. HDeep Neural Network for Localizing Gas Source based on Gas Distribution Map Zaffry Hadi Mohd Juffry, Kamarulzaman Kamarudin, Abdul Hamid Adom, Xiaoyang MAO, Latifah Munirah Kamarudin, Ammar Zakaria, Syed Muham-mad Mamduh and Abdulnasser Nabil AbdullahDesign and Performance Enhancement of Triple Band Antenna using Metamaterial Superstrate for Wireless CommunicationsM. R. Rana and Md. Biplob HossainUndersampling and Oversampling Strategies for Convolutional Neural Networks Classifier Siti Raihanah Abdani, Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley and Nuraisyah Hani ZulkifleyPneumonia Identification from Chest X-rays (CXR) Using Ensemble Deep Learning ApproachNg Weng Mun, Mahmud Iwan Solihin, Li Sze Chow and Affiani MachmudahA Novel Blade Fault Diagnosis Using A Deep Learning Model Based On Image And Statistical AnalysisSyahril Ramadhan Saufi, M. Firdaus Isham and M. Danial Abu HassanPerformance Analysis of Developed Multi Soil Sensor System for Smart Farming SystemA. M. Kassim, N. A. Kamarudin, M. A.S. A. Aziz1A. Z. Shukor, M.R. Yaacob, W.M. Bukhari, M. A. A Abid, A. H. Azahar, A. K. R. A. Jaya and D. A. PrasetyoPower Consumption by using Various Type of Battery and Spectacle Design in Wearable Travel Aid Device for Visually Impaired PersonA.M. Kassim, N. N. Ayub, A. Z. Shukor, M.R. Yaacob, W.M. Bukhari, M. A. A Abid, A. H. Azahar, D. A. Prasetya and A. K. R. A. Jaya

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis monograph proves that any finite random number sequence is represented by the multiplicative congruential (MC) way. It also shows that an MC random number generator (d, z) formed by the modulus d and the multiplier z should be selected by new regular simplex criteria to give random numbers an excellent disguise of independence. The new criteria prove further that excellent subgenerators (d1,z1) and (d2,z2) with coprime odd submoduli d1 and d2 form an excellent combined generator (d = d1d2,z) with high probability by Sunzi's theorem of the 5th-6th centuries (China), contrasting the fact that such combinations could never be found with MC subgenerators selected in the 20th-century criteria. Further, a combined MC generator (d = d1d2,z) of new criteria readily realizes periods of 252 or larger, requiring only fast double-precision arithmetic by powerful Sunzi's theorem. We also obtain MC random numbers distributed on spatial lattices, say two-dimensional 4000 by 4000 lattices which may be tori, with little pair correlations of random numbers across the nearest neighbors. Thus, we evade the problems raised by Ferrenberg, Landau, and Wong.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book features research papers presented at the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS 2023), held at SCAD College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, during February 2–3, 2023. The book reports research results on the development and implementation of novel systems, technologies, and applications that focus on the advancement of sustainable living. The chapters included in this book discuss a spectrum of related research issues such as applications of intelligent computing practices that can have ecological and societal impacts. Moreover, this book emphasizes on the state-of-the-art networked and intelligent technologies that are influencing a promising development in the direction of a long-term sustainable future. The book is beneficial for readers from both academia and industry.Table of ContentsImage Processing-Based Solution to Repel Crop-Damaging Wild Animals.- SDN Framework for Efficient Latency-aware Topology Discovery in ISTN.- Recommendation System Based on Clustering Techniques using Collaborative Filtering Method.- Compartmented Proactive Secret Sharing Scheme.- DevOps Challenges and Practices in Software Engineering.- The Effects of Climate Change on Crop Yield.- Finetuned-VGG16 CNN model for Tissue Classification of Colorectal Cancer.- Effective Heart Disease Prediction and Classification using Intelligent System.- A Machine Learning Approach for Aeroponic Lettuce Crop Growth Monitoring System.- A Novel Approach for Privacy Preserving Technique in IoT Fog and Cloud Environment.- IoT-Based Fertilizer Recommendation System Using a Hybrid Boosting Algorithm.- Development of a System for Controlling IoT Devices using Gaze Tracking.- Towards Human-Like Robotic Grasping for Industrial Applications Using Computer Vision.- An Extensive Study on Unattended Object Detection in Video Surveillance.- Analysis of Digital Data on Social Network TikTok during COVID-19.- An Hybrid Edge Algorithm For Vehicle License Plate Detection.- Gesture Controlled Drone Swarm System for Violence Detection using Machine Learning for Women Safety.- Healthcare System Modeling and Security Engineering.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBeginning in the 1960s, the security of electricity supply has shaped South Africa’s economic growth and prosperity, and electricity shortages have negatively inflected the rise of its postapartheid democracy. Construction delays and escalating costs have thwarted the nation’s mining, manufacturing, and power generation.Trade ReviewFaeeza Ballim's timely work successfully explains the durability of [electricity utility] Eskom, offers some sense of why the backlash against Eskom (including assassination attempts) is mounting, and offers historians valuable tools for analyzing the relationship between electric power infrastructures and the state. * H-Environment, H-Net Reviews *A fascinating and timely study of South Africa’s state corporations—in particular its national electricity provider Eskom—and their relationship to the (post)apartheid state. Drawing on meticulous historical research, Ballim powerfully revises existing accounts of state power in South Africa and speaks to urgent questions of energy politics and democratization in the present. -- Antina von Schnitzler, author of Democracy's Infrastructure: Techno-Politics and Protest after ApartheidThe inevitable intertwining of power supply, politics and the market has been well explored. Yet in policy debates, one continues to hear calls for the separation of the three parts of the assemblage. Ballim takes up the issue in South Africa and captivatingly shows how calls for disentanglement obscure better insights. -- Richard Rottenburg, University of the WitwatersrandThe trouble of a timely book is that one is tempted to demand proposals and solutions to the current crisis. Apartheid’s Leviathan is not that book and that is perhaps one of its greatest strengths. Faeeza Ballim’s careful exposition of archival documents and valuable insights from first-hand interviews add a human character offering a useful contribution demanding us to reflect on Eskom in its broader historical context. -- Brian Kamanzi * Africa Is a Country *Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1 The Unlikely Exploitation of the Waterberg Chapter 2 The Taming of the Waterberg Chapter 3 Eskom and the Turning of the Tide Chapter 4 Contested Neoliberalism Chapter 5 Labor and Belonging in Lephalale Chapter 6 The Medupi Power Station Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisLearn to run your own simulation by working with model analysis, mathematical background, simulation output data, and most importantly, a network simulator for wireless technology. This book introduces the best practices of simulator use, the techniques for analyzing simulations with artificial agents and the integration with other technologies such as Power Line Communications (PLC).Network simulation is a key technique used to test the future behavior of a network. It''s a vital development component for the development of 5G, IoT, wireless sensor networks, and many more. This book explains the scope and evolution of the technology that has led to the development of dynamic systems such as Internet of Things and fog computing. You''ll focus on the ad hoc networks with stochastic behavior and dynamic nature, and the ns-3 simulator. These are useful open source tools for academics, researchers, students and engineers to deploy telTable of ContentsPart I: Simulation BasicsChapter 1: Network Simulation 3Synopsis: The first chapter shows a detailed explanation on simulation, kinds of simulation and the first look at the ns-3 simulator and its formal specification.1.1 Framework1.2 Simulation, models and their importance in research1.2.1 Types of Simulation Techniques1.3 Formal Systems Concepts1.4 Simulation and Emulation1.5 Network Simulators1.6 NS3 Simulator general features1.7 Formal Concepts and NS3Formal Specification1.8 Complementary ReadingsChapter 2: Wireless Networks and Ad hoc NetworksSynopsis: The second chapter shows the evolution on wireless networks and its capabilities on the computing and social systems, explain the new architectures and environments for distributed systems and a particularly case of the ad hoc networks. This chapter introduce theoretical and conceptual the wireless networks.2.1 Connectivity and Mobility Evolution2.2 History of Wireless Communication Technologies2.2.1 Computing Architecture with Wireless Networks2.2.2 Internet of Things (IoT)2.2.3 Fog Computing2.2.4 Edge Computing2.3 Mobile Clouds and Ad hoc Network2.4 Features and challenges of MANETs2.5 Wireless mesh networks and wireless sensor networks2.6 Cooperation in MANETs2.7 Routing Protocols2.7.1 Distance Vector and Link State Routing2.8 Social Clouds2.9 Manet Clusters2.10 Complementary ReadingsChapter 3: Experiment DesignSynopsis: the third chapter shows the steps and the best practices to design a simulation experiment, the assumptions, models and techniques for determine the factors, the experiments and the core of an simulation experiment. Is a theoretical chapter3.1 Design of Simulations Experiments3.2 Factorial designs3.3 Complementary ReadingsPart II: Network SimulatorChapter 4: Network Simulation using NS3Synopsis: The fourth chapter introduces the network simulator 3, his features, computational models, composition and computational structure with examples and detailed explanation of this module, code style and other toolkits useful on ns3 to deploy and run a simulation experiment.4.1 What is NS3?4.2 Relations between Abstractions on NS34.3 Code Style4.4 My First Network4.4.1 Running and Build other scripts4.5 Emulation on NS34.6 Animating the Simulation4.7 Scheduler4.8 Logging and tracing4.8.1 Trace helpers4.8.2 Using Command line Arguments4.9 ExercisesChapter 5: Analyses of ResultsSynopsis: The fifth chapter shows the importance of make a well analysis of results and the experiment outputs ,show the statistical techniques for evaluate the quality of data and how validate and verify if an experiment is successful or not5.1 Output data analysis for a single system5.1.1 Transient and steady state behavior of a stochastic process5.2 The random nature of the simulation output5.3 Types of simulation according to the output analysis5.3.1 Statistical analysis for terminating (or transient) simulations5.3.2 Statistical analysis for steady state parameters5.3.3 The replication deletion approach5.4 Complementary ReadingsPart III: Wireless Network Simulation on NS3Chapter 6: Manet Simulation on NS3Synopsis: The sixth chapter shows a detailed explanation with examples, abstractions descriptions, methods and computation models used to create an ad hoc network on ns-3, the second part of this chapter introduce the Agent based simulation (ABS) for ns-3 on a wireless ad hoc network and the analysis of results with this kind of techniques. The tool used is an application build on ns-3 that allows the use of agents with the simulator6.1 A simple Ad hoc network6.1.1 Wifi Model6.1.2 Node Abstractions6.1.3 Socket abstraction6.1.4 Plot6.1.5 Output6.2 Agent Based Simulation6.2.1 Description of the experiment6.2.2 Abstractions6.2.3 Tracing6.2.4 Run Simulation6.2.5 Analysis of Results6.2.6 Run and Analyze6.2.7 Results6.3 Complementary ReadingsChapter 7: Manets and PLC on NS3Synopsis: The Seventh chapter introduce the integration of wireless networks with other kind of technologies, in this case with the Power line communications PLC and how is possible create new node abstractions on the ns-3 simulator a combine different physical mediums to create a network and share services.7.1 Power Line Communication7.1.1 Fundamental Characteristics of the PLC Channel7.1.2 Deterministic Models of PLC Channel7.2 PLC Software for NS3 Simulation7.3 MANET and PLC Simulation7.4 Complementary ReadingsPart IV: AppendicesXSynopsis: The book includes three appendix: basic statistics, ns-3 installation, and OpenAi Gym framework instalation on ns-3 to allow the Agent Based Simulation (ABS)Appendix A: Basic StatisticsA.1 Random Variables and Random VectorsA.1.1 Random VariablesA.1.2 Probability Density FunctionsA.1.3 Random VectorA.1.4 IndependenceA.1.5 Expected ValueA.1.6 VarianceA.1.7 CovarianceA.1.8 Correlation CoefficientA.1.9 Binomial Random VariableA.1.10 Normal Random VariableA.1.11 Geometric Random VariableA.1.12 Uniform Random VariableAppendix B: NS3 InstallationAppendix C: ns3gym: OpenAI Gym integrationC.1 InstallationIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisUpdated and expanded, the third edition of Photonics Rules of Thumb represents an evolving, idiosyncratic, and eclectic toolbox intended to allow any engineer, scientist, manager, marketeer, or technician (regardless of specialty) to make rapid and accurate guesses at solutions in a wide range of topics during system design, modeling, or fabrication. This book will help any electro-optics team to make quick assessments, generally requiring no more than a calculator, so that they can quickly find the right solution for a design problem.This book has been assembled to introduce anyone working in the optics and photonics community to a wide range of critical topics through simple calculations, graphics, equations, and explanations. Useful design principles and rules, simple-to-implement calculations, and numerous graphs and tables of important basic information allow you to rapidly pinpoint trouble spots, ask the right questions at meetings, and are perfect for quick checks of last-minute specifications or performance feature additions. Offering a convenient arrangement according to specialty, this unique reference spans the spectrum of photonics. Eighteen chapters cover optics, atmospherics, radiometry, focal plane arrays, degraded visual environments, economics, and photogrammetry, as well as technologies related to security and surveillance systems, infrared, lasers, electro-optics, phenomenologies, self-driving vehicles, and many others.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPWM DC-DC power converter technology underpins many energy conversion systems including renewable energy circuits, active power factor correctors, battery chargers, portable devices and LED drivers. Following the success of Pulse-Width Modulated DC-DC Power Converters this second edition has been thoroughly revised and expanded to cover the latest challenges and advances in the field. Key features of 2nd edition: Four new chapters, detailing the latest advances in power conversion, focus on: small-signal model and dynamic characteristics of the buck converter in continuous conduction mode; voltage-mode control of buck converter; small-signal model and characteristics of the boost converter in the discontinuous conduction mode and electromagnetic compatibility EMC. Provides readers with a solid understanding of the principles of operation, synthesis, analysis and design of PWM power converters and semiconductor power devices, includinTable of ContentsAbout the Author xxi Preface xxiii Nomenclature xxv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Classification of Power Supplies 1 1.2 Basic Functions of Voltage Regulators 3 1.3 Power Relationships in DC–DC Converters 4 1.4 DC Transfer Functions of DC–DC Converters 5 1.5 Static Characteristics of DC Voltage Regulators 6 1.6 Dynamic Characteristics of DC Voltage Regulators 9 1.7 Linear Voltage Regulators 12 1.7.1 Series Voltage Regulator 13 1.7.2 Shunt Voltage Regulator 14 1.8 Topologies of PWM DC–DC Converters 16 1.9 Relationships Among Current, Voltage, Energy, and Power 18 1.10 Summary 19 References 19 Review Questions 20 Problems 21 2 Buck PWM DC–DC Converter 22 2.1 Introduction 22 2.2 DC Analysis of PWM Buck Converter for CCM 22 2.2.1 Circuit Description 22 2.2.2 Assumptions 25 2.2.3 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 25 2.2.4 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T 26 2.2.5 Device Stresses for CCM 27 2.2.6 DC Voltage Transfer Function for CCM 27 2.2.7 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 29 2.2.8 Capacitors 31 2.2.9 Ripple Voltage in Buck Converter for CCM 33 2.2.10 Switching Losses with Linear MOSFET Output Capacitance 39 2.2.11 Switching Losses with Nonlinear MOSFET Output Capacitance 40 2.2.12 Power Losses and Efficiency of Buck Converter for CCM 43 2.2.13 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Converter for CCM 48 2.2.14 MOSFET Gate-Drive Power 48 2.2.15 Gate Driver 49 2.2.16 Design of Buck Converter for CCM 50 2.3 DC Analysis of PWM Buck Converter for DCM 52 2.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 56 2.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 58 2.3.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T 58 2.3.4 Device Stresses for DCM 59 2.3.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 59 2.3.6 Maximum Inductance for DCM 62 2.3.7 Power Losses and Efficiency of Buck Converter for DCM 63 2.3.8 Design of Buck Converter for DCM 65 2.4 Buck Converter with Input Filter 68 2.5 Buck Converter with Synchronous Rectifier 68 2.6 Buck Converter with Positive Common Rail 76 2.7 Quadratic Buck Converter 76 2.8 Tapped-Inductor Buck Converters 79 2.8.1 Tapped-Inductor Common-Diode Buck Converter 79 2.8.2 Tapped-Inductor Common-Transistor Buck Converter 81 2.8.3 Watkins–Johnson Converter 82 2.9 Multiphase Buck Converter 83 2.10 Switched-Inductor Buck Converter 85 2.11 Layout 85 2.12 Summary 85 References 87 Review Questions 88 Problems 88 3 Boost PWM DC–DC Converter 90 3.1 Introduction 90 3.2 DC Analysis of PWM Boost Converter for CCM 90 3.2.1 Circuit Description 90 3.2.2 Assumptions 91 3.2.3 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 93 3.2.4 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T 94 3.2.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function for CCM 94 3.2.6 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 95 3.2.7 Ripple Voltage in Boost Converter for CCM 98 3.2.8 Power Losses and Efficiency of Boost Converter for CCM 100 3.2.9 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Boost Converter for CCM 102 3.2.10 Design of Boost Converter for CCM 103 3.3 DC Analysis of PWM Boost Converter for DCM 107 3.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 110 3.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 111 3.3.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T 112 3.3.4 Device Stresses for DCM 112 3.3.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 112 3.3.6 Maximum Inductance for DCM 117 3.3.7 Power Losses and Efficiency of Boost Converter for DCM 117 3.3.8 Design of Boost Converter for DCM 120 3.4 Bidirectional Buck and Boost Converters 127 3.5 Synchronous Boost Converter 129 3.6 Tapped-Inductor Boost Converters 129 3.6.1 Tapped-Inductor Common-Diode Boost Converter 131 3.6.2 Tapped-Inductor Common-Load Boost Converter 132 3.7 Duality 133 3.8 Power Factor Correction 134 3.8.1 Power Factor 134 3.8.2 Boost Power Factor Corrector 138 3.8.3 Electronic Ballasts for Fluorescent Lamps 141 3.9 Summary 141 References 142 Review Questions 143 Problems 143 4 Buck–Boost PWM DC–DC Converter 145 4.1 Introduction 145 4.2 DC Analysis of PWM Buck–Boost Converter for CCM 145 4.2.1 Circuit Description 145 4.2.2 Assumptions 146 4.2.3 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 146 4.2.4 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T 148 4.2.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function for CCM 149 4.2.6 Device Stresses for CCM 150 4.2.7 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 151 4.2.8 Ripple Voltage in Buck–Boost Converter for CCM 152 4.2.9 Power Losses and Efficiency of the Buck–Boost Converter for CCM 155 4.2.10 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Buck–Boost Converter for CCM 158 4.2.11 Design of Buck–Boost Converter for CCM 159 4.3 DC Analysis of PWM Buck–Boost Converter for DCM 162 4.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 165 4.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 166 4.3.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T 167 4.3.4 Device Stresses of the Buck–Boost Converter in DCM 167 4.3.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function of the Buck–Boost Converter for DCM 167 4.3.6 Maximum Inductance for DCM 170 4.3.7 Power Losses and Efficiency of the Buck–Boost Converter in DCM 172 4.3.8 Design of Buck–Boost Converter for DCM 174 4.4 Bidirectional Buck–Boost Converter 180 4.5 Synthesis of Buck–Boost Converter 181 4.6 Synthesis of Boost–Buck (ćuk) Converter 183 4.7 Noninverting Buck–Boost Converters 184 4.7.1 Cascaded Noninverting Buck–Boost Converters 184 4.7.2 Four-Transistor Noninverting Buck–Boost Converters 184 4.8 Tapped-Inductor Buck–Boost Converters 186 4.8.1 Tapped-Inductor Common-Diode Buck–Boost Converter 186 4.8.2 Tapped-Inductor Common-Transistor Buck–Boost Converter 187 4.8.3 Tapped-Inductor Common-Load Buck–Boost Converter 188 4.8.4 Tapped-Inductor Common-Source Buck–Boost Converter 191 4.9 Summary 192 References 192 Review Questions 193 Problems 193 5 Flyback PWM DC–DC Converter 195 5.1 Introduction 195 5.2 Transformers 196 5.3 DC Analysis of PWM Flyback Converter for CCM 197 5.3.1 Derivation of PWM Flyback Converter 197 5.3.2 Circuit Description 197 5.3.3 Assumptions 199 5.3.4 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 200 5.3.5 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T 201 5.3.6 DC Voltage Transfer Function for CCM 203 5.3.7 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 204 5.3.8 Ripple Voltage in Flyback Converter for CCM 205 5.3.9 Power Losses and Efficiency of Flyback Converter for CCM 207 5.3.10 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Converter for CCM 210 5.3.11 Design of Flyback Converter for CCM 211 5.4 DC Analysis of PWM Flyback Converter for DCM 214 5.4.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 217 5.4.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 219 5.4.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T 220 5.4.4 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 221 5.4.5 Maximum Magnetizing Inductance for DCM 222 5.4.6 Ripple Voltage in Flyback Converter for DCM 225 5.4.7 Power Losses and Efficiency of Flyback Converter for DCM 226 5.4.8 Design of Flyback Converter for DCM 228 5.5 Multiple-Output Flyback Converter 232 5.6 Bidirectional Flyback Converter 237 5.7 Ringing in Flyback Converter 237 5.8 Flyback Converter with Passive Dissipative Snubber 240 5.9 Flyback Converter with Zener Diode Voltage Clamp 240 5.10 Flyback Converter with Active Clamping 241 5.11 Two-Transistor Flyback Converter 241 5.12 Summary 243 References 244 Review Questions 244 Problems 245 6 Forward PWM DC–DC Converter 246 6.1 Introduction 246 6.2 DC Analysis of PWM Forward Converter for CCM 246 6.2.1 Derivation of Forward PWM Converter 246 6.2.2 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 248 6.2.3 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ DT + tm 251 6.2.4 Time Interval: DT + tm < t ≤ T 253 6.2.5 Maximum Duty Cycle 253 6.2.6 Device Stresses 254 6.2.7 DC Voltage Transfer Function for CCM 255 6.2.8 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 255 6.2.9 Ripple Voltage in Forward Converter for CCM 256 6.2.10 Power Losses and Efficiency of Forward Converter for CCM 258 6.2.11 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Converter for CCM 261 6.2.12 Design of Forward Converter for CCM 262 6.3 DC Analysis of PWM Forward Converter for DCM 269 6.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 269 6.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ DT + tm 272 6.3.3 Time Interval: DT + tm < t ≤ (D + D1)T 273 6.3.4 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T 273 6.3.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 274 6.3.6 Maximum Inductance for DCM 277 6.3.7 Power Losses and Efficiency of Forward Converter for DCM 278 6.3.8 Design of Forward Converter for DCM 280 6.4 Multiple-Output Forward Converter 288 6.5 Forward Converter with Synchronous Rectifier 288 6.6 Forward Converters with Active Clamping 288 6.7 Two-Switch Forward Converter 290 6.8 Forward–Flyback Converter 291 6.9 Summary 292 References 293 Review Questions 293 Problems 294 7 Half-Bridge PWM DC–DC Converter 296 7.1 Introduction 296 7.2 DC Analysis of PWM Half-Bridge Converter for CCM 296 7.2.1 Circuit Description 296 7.2.2 Assumptions 299 7.2.3 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 299 7.2.4 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T∕2 301 7.2.5 Time Interval: T∕2 < t ≤ T∕2 + DT 303 7.2.6 Time Interval: T∕2 + DT < t ≤ T 304 7.2.7 Device Stresses 304 7.2.8 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossless Half-Bridge Converter for CCM 304 7.2.9 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 305 7.2.10 Ripple Voltage in Half-Bridge Converter for CCM 306 7.2.11 Power Losses and Efficiency of Half-Bridge Converter for CCM 308 7.2.12 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Converter for CCM 311 7.2.13 Design of Half-Bridge Converter for CCM 312 7.3 DC Analysis of PWM Half-Bridge Converter for DCM 315 7.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 315 7.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 320 7.3.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T∕2 322 7.3.4 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 322 7.3.5 Maximum Inductance for DCM 326 7.4 Summary 326 References 327 Review Questions 327 Problems 328 8 Full-Bridge PWM DC–DC Converter 330 8.1 Introduction 330 8.2 DC Analysis of PWM Full-Bridge Converter for CCM 330 8.2.1 Circuit Description 330 8.2.2 Assumptions 332 8.2.3 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 332 8.2.4 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T∕2 334 8.2.5 Time Interval: T∕2 < t ≤ T∕2 + DT 336 8.2.6 Time Interval: T∕2 + DT < t ≤ T 336 8.2.7 Device Stresses 337 8.2.8 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossless Full-Wave Converter for CCM 337 8.2.9 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 338 8.2.10 Ripple Voltage in Full-Bridge Converter for CCM 339 8.2.11 Power Losses and Efficiency of Full-Bridge Converter for CCM 340 8.2.12 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Converter for CCM 344 8.2.13 Design of Full-Bridge Converter for CCM 345 8.3 DC Analysis of PWM Full-Bridge Converter for DCM 351 8.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 351 8.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 353 8.3.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T∕2 355 8.3.4 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 356 8.3.5 Maximum Inductance for DCM 359 8.4 Phase-Controlled Full-Bridge Converter 361 8.5 Summary 362 References 362 Review Questions 362 Problems 363 9 Small-Signal Models of PWM Converters for CCM and DCM 365 9.1 Introduction 365 9.2 Assumptions 366 9.3 Averaged Model of Ideal Switching Network for CCM 366 9.4 Averaged Values of Switched Resistances 369 9.5 Model Reduction 375 9.6 Large-Signal Averaged Model for CCM 377 9.7 DC and Small-Signal Circuit Linear Models of Switching Network for CCM 381 9.7.1 Large-Signal Circuit Model of Switching Network for CCM 381 9.7.2 Linearization of Switching Network Model for CCM 384 9.8 Block Diagram of Small-signal Model of PWM DC–DC Converters 385 9.9 Family of PWM Converter Models for CCM 386 9.10 PWM Small-Signal Switch Model for CCM 389 9.11 Modeling of Ideal Switching Network for DCM 391 9.11.1 Relationships Among DC Components for DCM 391 9.11.2 Small-Signal Model of Ideal Switching Network for DCM 395 9.12 Averaged Parasitic Resistances for DCM 398 9.13 Summary 400 References 402 Review Questions 405 Problems 405 10 Small-Signal Characteristics of Buck Converter for CCM 407 10.1 Introduction 407 10.2 Small-Signal Model of the PWM Buck Converter 407 10.3 Open-Loop Transfer Functions 408 10.3.1 Open-Loop Control-to-Output Transfer Function 409 10.3.2 Delay in Control-to-Output Transfer Function 416 10.3.3 Open-Loop Input-to-Output Transfer Function 418 10.3.4 Open-Loop Input Impedance 420 10.3.5 Open-Loop Output Impedance 423 10.4 Open-Loop Step Responses 426 10.4.1 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Input Voltage 426 10.4.2 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Duty Cycle 431 10.4.3 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Load Current 433 10.5 Open-Loop DC Transfer Functions 434 10.6 Summary 436 References 436 Review Questions 437 Problems 438 11 Small-Signal Characteristics of Boost Converter for CCM 439 11.1 Introduction 439 11.2 DC Characteristics 439 11.3 Open-Loop Control-to-Output Transfer Function 440 11.4 Delay in Open-Loop Control-to-Output Transfer Function 449 11.5 Open-Loop Audio Susceptibility 451 11.6 Open-Loop Input Impedance 455 11.7 Open-Loop Output Impedance 457 11.8 Open-Loop Step Responses 461 11.8.1 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Input Voltage 461 11.8.2 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Duty Cycle 464 11.8.3 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Load Current 465 11.9 Summary 467 References 467 Review Questions 468 Problems 468 12 Voltage-Mode Control of PWM Buck Converter 470 12.1 Introduction 470 12.2 Properties of Negative Feedback 471 12.3 Stability 474 12.4 Single-Loop Control of PWM Buck Converter 475 12.5 Closed-Loop Small-Signal Model of Buck Converter 478 12.6 Pulse-Width Modulator 478 12.7 Feedback Network 483 12.8 Transfer Function of Buck Converter with Modulator and Feedback Network 486 12.9 Control Circuits 489 12.9.1 Error Amplifier 489 12.9.2 Proportional Controller 490 12.9.3 Integral Controller 492 12.9.4 Proportional-Integral Controller 493 12.9.5 Integral-Single-Lead Controller 497 12.9.6 Loop Gain 504 12.9.7 Closed-Loop Control-to-Output Voltage Transfer Function 504 12.9.8 Closed-Loop Input-to-Output Transfer Function 506 12.9.9 Closed-Loop Input Impedance 508 12.9.10 Closed-Loop Output Impedance 509 12.10 Closed-Loop Step Responses 511 12.10.1 Response to Step Change in Input Voltage 511 12.10.2 Response to Step Change in Reference Voltage 513 12.10.3 Closed-Loop Response to Step Change in Load Current 515 12.10.4 Closed-Loop DC Transfer Functions 515 12.11 Summary 518 References 519 Review Questions 519 Problems 520 13 Voltage-Mode Control of Boost Converter 521 13.1 Introduction 521 13.2 Circuit of Boost Converter with Voltage-Mode Control 521 13.3 Transfer Function of Modulator, Boost Converter Power Stage, and Feedback Network 523 13.4 Integral-Double-Lead Controller 527 13.5 Design of Integral-Double-Lead Controller 532 13.6 Loop Gain 536 13.7 Closed-Loop Control-to-Output Voltage Transfer Function 537 13.8 Closed-Loop Audio Susceptibility 539 13.9 Closed-Loop Input Impedance 539 13.10 Closed-Loop Output Impedance 542 13.11 Closed-Loop Step Responses 544 13.11.1 Closed-Loop Response to Step Change in Input Voltage 544 13.11.2 Closed-Loop Response to Step Change in Reference Voltage 547 13.11.3 Closed-Loop Response to Step Change in Load Current 548 13.12 Closed-Loop DC Transfer Functions 549 13.13 Summary 552 References 552 Review Questions 552 Problems 553 14 Current-Mode Control 554 14.1 Introduction 554 14.2 Principle of Operation of PWM Converters with Peak CMC 555 14.3 Relationship Between Duty Cycle and Inductor-Current Slopes 559 14.4 Instability of Closed-Current Loop 560 14.5 Slope Compensation 564 14.5.1 Analysis of Slope Compensation in Time Domain 564 14.5.2 Boundary of Slope Compensation for Buck and Buck–Boost Converters 569 14.5.3 Boundary Slope Compensation for Boost Converter 570 14.6 Sample-and-Hold Effect on Current Loop 570 14.6.1 Natural Response of Inductor Current to Small Perturbation in Closed-Current Loop 572 14.6.2 Forced Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Control Voltage in Closed-Current Loop 575 14.6.3 Relationship Between s-Domain and z-Domain 577 14.6.4 Transfer Function of Closed-Current Loop in z-Domain 578 14.7 Closed-Loop Control Voltage-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function in s-Domain 580 14.7.1 Approximation of Hicl by Rational Transfer Function 582 14.7.2 Step Responses of Closed-Inner Loop 588 14.8 Loop Gain of Current Loop 588 14.8.1 Loop Gain of Inner Loop in z-Domain 588 14.8.2 Loop Gain of Inner Loop in s-Domain 590 14.9 Gain-Crossover Frequency of Inner Loop 595 14.10 Phase Margin of Inner Loop 596 14.11 Maximum Duty Cycle for Converters without Slope Compensation 598 14.12 Maximum Duty Cycle for Converters with Slope Compensation 600 14.13 Minimum Slope Compensation for Buck and Buck–Boost Converter 605 14.14 Minimum Slope Compensation for Boost Converter 607 14.15 Error Voltage-to-Duty Cycle Transfer Function 610 14.16 Closed-Loop Control Voltage-to-Duty Cycle Transfer Function of Current Loop 614 14.17 Alternative Representation of Current Loop 618 14.18 Current Loop with Disturbances 618 14.18.1 Modified Approximation of Current Loop 619 14.19 Voltage Loop of PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control 624 14.19.1 Control-to-Output Transfer Function for Buck Converter 624 14.19.2 Block Diagram of Power Stages of PWM Converters 627 14.19.3 Closed-Voltage Loop Transfer Function of PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control 628 14.19.4 Closed-Loop Audio Susceptibility of PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control 628 14.19.5 Closed-Loop Output Impedance of PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control 630 14.20 Feedforward Gains in PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control without Slope Compensation 631 14.21 Feedforward Gains in PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control and Slope Compensation 634 14.22 Control-to-Output Voltage Transfer Function of Inner Loop with Feedforward Gains 636 14.23 Audio-Susceptibility of Inner Loop with Feedforward Gains 637 14.24 Closed-Loop Transfer Functions with Feedforward Gains 638 14.25 Slope Compensation by Adding a Ramp to Inductor Current Waveform 638 14.26 Relationships for Constant-Frequency Current-Mode On-Time Control 639 14.27 Summary 639 References 640 Review Questions 644 Problems 644 14.28 Appendix: Sample-and-Hold Modeling 645 14.28.1 Sampler of the Control Voltage 645 14.28.2 Zero-Order Hold of Inductor Current 648 14.28.3 Approximations of esTs 650 15 Current-Mode Control of Boost Converter 653 15.1 Introduction 653 15.2 Open-Loop Small-Signal Transfer Functions 653 15.2.1 Open-Loop Duty Cycle-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 653 15.2.2 High-Frequency Open-Loop Duty Cycle-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 659 15.2.3 Open-Loop Input Voltage-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 660 15.2.4 Open-Loop Inductor-to-Output Current Transfer Function 665 15.3 Open-Loop Step Responses of Inductor Current 667 15.3.1 Open-Loop Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Input Voltage 667 15.3.2 Open-Loop Response of the Inductor Current to Step Change in the Duty Cycle 670 15.3.3 Open-Loop Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Load Current 672 15.4 Closed-Current-Loop Transfer Functions 675 15.4.1 Forward Gain 675 15.4.2 Loop Gain of Current Loop 675 15.4.3 Closed-Loop Gain of Current Loop 675 15.4.4 Control-to-Output Transfer Function 677 15.4.5 Input Voltage-to-Duty Cycle Transfer Function 684 15.4.6 Load Current-to-Duty Cycle Transfer Function 688 15.4.7 Output Impedance of Closed-Current Loop 690 15.5 Closed-Voltage-Loop Transfer Functions 695 15.5.1 Control-to-Output Transfer Function 695 15.5.2 Control Voltage-to-Feedback Voltage Transfer Function 695 15.5.3 Loop Gain of Voltage Loop 697 15.5.4 Closed-Loop Gain of Voltage Loop 701 15.5.5 Closed-Loop Audio Susceptibility with Integral Controller 703 15.5.6 Closed-Loop Output Impedance with Integral Controller 704 15.6 Closed-Loop Step Responses 706 15.6.1 Closed-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Input Voltage 706 15.6.2 Closed-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Load Current 708 15.6.3 Closed-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Reference Voltage 708 15.7 Closed-Loop DC Transfer Functions 710 15.8 Summary 711 References 711 Review Questions 712 Problems 712 16 Open-Loop Small-Signal Characteristics of PWM Boost Converter for DCM 713 16.1 Introduction 713 16.2 Small-Signal Model of Boost Converter for DCM 713 16.3 Open-Loop Control-to-Output Transfer Function 716 16.4 Open-Loop Input-to-Output Voltage Transfer Function 719 16.5 Open-Loop Input Impedance 724 16.6 Open-Loop Output Impedance 725 16.7 Step Responses of Output Voltage of Boost Converter for DCM 728 16.7.1 Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Input Voltage 728 16.7.2 Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Duty Cycle 730 16.7.3 Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Load Current 730 16.8 Open-Loop Duty Cycle-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 731 16.9 Open-Loop Input Voltage-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 735 16.10 Open-Loop Output Current-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 735 16.11 Step Responses of Inductor Current of Boost Converter for DCM 738 16.11.1 Step Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Input Voltage 738 16.11.2 Step Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Duty Cycle 740 16.11.3 Step Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Load Current 741 16.12 DC Characteristics of Boost Converter for DCM 742 16.12.1 DC-to-DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossless Boost Converter for DCM 742 16.12.2 DC-to-DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Boost Converter for DCM 743 16.12.3 Efficiency of Boost Converter for DCM 745 16.13 Summary 745 References 745 Review Questions 746 Problems 746 17 Silicon and Silicon-Carbide Power Diodes 747 17.1 Introduction 747 17.2 Electronic Power Switches 747 17.3 Atom 748 17.4 Electron and Hole Effective Mass 749 17.5 Semiconductors 750 17.6 Intrinsic Semiconductors 751 17.7 Extrinsic Semiconductors 756 17.7.1 n-Type Semiconductor 756 17.7.2 p-Type Semiconductor 759 17.7.3 Maximum Operating Temperature 761 17.8 Wide Band Gap Semiconductors 762 17.9 Physical Structure of Junction Diodes 764 17.9.1 Formation of Depletion Layer 765 17.9.2 Charge Transport 767 17.10 Static I–V Diode Characteristic 768 17.11 Breakdown Voltage of Junction Diodes 772 17.11.1 Depletion-Layer Width 773 17.11.2 Electric Field Intensity Distribution 775 17.11.3 Avalanche Breakdown Voltage 779 17.11.4 Punch-Through Breakdown Voltage 781 17.11.5 Edge Terminations 782 17.12 Capacitances of Junction Diodes 784 17.12.1 Junction Capacitance 784 17.12.2 Diffusion Capacitance 787 17.13 Reverse Recovery of pn Junction Diodes 789 17.13.1 Qualitative Description 789 17.13.2 Reverse Recovery in Resistive Circuits 790 17.13.3 Charge-Continuity Equation 793 17.13.4 Reverse Recovery in Inductive Circuits 796 17.14 Schottky Diodes 798 17.14.1 Static I–V Characteristic of Schottky Diodes 801 17.14.2 Breakdown Voltages of Schottky Diodes 802 17.14.3 Junction Capacitance of Schottky Diodes 802 17.14.4 Switching Characteristics of Schottky Diodes 802 17.15 Solar Cells 806 17.16 Light-Emitting Diodes 809 17.17 SPICE Model of Diodes 810 17.18 Summary 811 References 815 Review Questions 816 Problems 817 18 Silicon and Silicon-Carbide Power MOSFETs 819 18.1 Introduction 819 18.2 Integrated MOSFETs 819 18.3 Physical Structure of Power MOSFETs 819 18.4 Principle of Operation of Power MOSFETs 824 18.4.1 Cutoff Region 824 18.4.2 Formation of MOSFET Channel 824 18.4.3 Linear Region 824 18.4.4 Saturation Region 825 18.4.5 Antiparallel Diode 825 18.5 Derivation of Power MOSFET Characteristics 826 18.5.1 Ohmic Region 826 18.5.2 Pinch-off Region 829 18.5.3 Channel-Length Modulation 830 18.6 Power MOSFET Characteristics 831 18.7 Mobility of Charge Carriers 833 18.7.1 Effect of Doping Concentration on Mobility 834 18.7.2 Effect of Temperature on Mobility 836 18.7.3 Effect of Electric Field on Mobility 840 18.8 Short-Channel Effects 846 18.8.1 Ohmic Region 846 18.8.2 Pinch-off Region 847 18.9 Aspect Ratio of Power MOSFETs 848 18.10 Breakdown Voltage of Power MOSFETs 850 18.11 Gate Oxide Breakdown Voltage of Power MOSFETs 852 18.12 Specific On-Resistance 852 18.13 Figures-of-Merit of Semiconductors 855 18.14 On-Resistance of Power MOSFETs 857 18.14.1 Channel Resistance 857 18.14.2 Accumulation Region Resistance 857 18.14.3 Neck Region Resistance 858 18.14.4 Drift Region Resistance 859 18.15 Capacitances of Power MOSFETs 862 18.15.1 Gate-to-Source Capacitance 862 18.15.2 Drain-to-Source Capacitance 864 18.15.3 Gate-to-Drain Capacitance 864 18.16 Switching Waveforms 875 18.17 SPICE Model of Power MOSFETs 877 18.18 IGBTs 879 18.19 Heat Sinks 880 18.20 Summary 886 References 888 Review Questions 888 Problems 889 19 Electromagnetic Compatibility 891 19.1 Introduction 891 19.2 Definition of EMI 891 19.3 Definition of EMC 892 19.4 EMI Immunity 892 19.5 EMI Susceptibility 893 19.6 Classification of EMI 893 19.7 Sources of EMI 895 19.8 Safety Standards 896 19.9 EMC Standards 896 19.10 Near Field and Far Field 897 19.11 Techniques of EMI Reduction 897 19.12 Insertion Loss 898 19.13 EMI Filters 898 19.14 Feed-Through Capacitors 900 19.15 EMI Shielding 900 19.16 Interconnections 902 19.17 Summary 903 References 903 Review Questions 903 Problem 904 A Introduction to SPICE 907 B Introduction to MATLAB® 910 C Physical Constants 915 Answers to Problems 917 Index 925

Read more less

Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.BUILD, CONVERT, OR BUY A STATE-OF-THE-ART ELECTRIC VEHICLEThoroughly revised and expanded, Build Your Own Electric Vehicle, Third Edition, is your go-to guide for converting an internal combustion engine vehicle to electric or building an EV from the ground up. You'll also find out about the wide variety of EVs available for purchase and how they're being built. This new editiondetails all the latest breakthroughs, including AC propulsion and regenerative braking systems, intelligent controllers, batteries, and charging technologies.Filled with updated photos, this cutting-edge resource fully Table of ContentsChapter 1. Why Electric VehiclesWhat are Electric VehiclesNew Electricity Rates/Oil costsConversion costsChapter 2. Electric Vehicle BenefitsReports from the US Dept. of EnergyChapter 3. Electric Vehicle (recent) History Toyota's hybrid drive technologyGM and CARBFord and TH!NK CityTesla RoadsterChapter 4. Drive Systems, Chassis, and DesignsLithium Nono-phosphatesIntelligent Drive SystemsChapter 5. Sources, Parts, Conversion Companies and ExpertsUpdates on everything from previous edition, plus links to an online companion site that will be updated every 3 months or so for new informationChapter 6. Calculating Torque CurvesSoftware from Grassroots electric vehicles, Electric Vehicles of America, and NetGain technologiesChapter 7. Electric MotorsAC and DCMetric Mind CorporationAnaheim AutomationHi Performance Electric Vehicle SystemsAC PropulsionTesla MototrsWARP MotorsChapter 8. ControllersChapter 9. BatteriesLithiumLithium-polyphosphateNickelChapter 10. ChargersNewer, standardized SAE systemsChapter 11. AC/DC Drive and Controller PackagesLead Acid conversionsLithium Polymer conversionsChapter 12. Visions for Future Electric Cars and Electric Car Conversions

Read more less

Book SynopsisBranislav M. Notaroš received the Dipl.Ing. (B.Sc.), M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, in 1988, 1992, and 1995, respectively. From 1996 to 1998, he was an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Belgrade, and before that, from 1989 to 1996, a Teaching and Research Assistant (faculty position) in the same department.  He spent the 1998-1999 academic year as a Research Associate at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He was an Assistant Professor, from 1999 to 2004, and Associate Professor (with Tenure), from 2004 to 2006, in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. He is currently an Associate Professor (with Tenure) of electrical and computer engineering at Colorado State University.   Research activities of Prof. Notaroš Trade ReviewThe worked examples are very good and seem to be the anchor for different “concept nuggets.” The examples either demonstrate the use of the mathematics in a very complete manner or model a real-world problem using the principles developed in the previous material. By rereading the material and carefully going over the example, the student will not be intimidated by the one or two questions and problems at the end of the chapter referenced at the end of the section.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Electrostatic Field in Free Space Chapter 2 Dielectrics, Capacitance, and Electric Energy Chapter 3 Steady Electric Currents Chapter 4 Magnetostatic Field in Free Space Chapter 5 Magnetostatic Field in Material Media Chapter 6 Slowly Time-Varying Electromagnetic Field Chapter 7 Inductance and Magnetic Energy Chapter 8 Rapidly Time-Varying Electromagnetic Field Chapter 9 Uniform Plane Electromagnetic Waves Chapter 10 Reflection and Transmission of Plane Waves Chapter 11 Field Analysis of Transmission Lines Chapter 12 Circuit Analysis of Transmission Lines Chapter 13 Waveguides and Cavity Resonators Chapter 14 Antennas and Wireless Communication Systems APPENDICES 1 Quantities, Symbols, Units, and Constants 2 Mathematical Facts and Identities 3 Vector Algebra and Calculus Index 4 Answers to Selected Problems Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten by a leading author on the subject, PID and Predictive Control of Electric Drives and Power Supplies using MATLAB / Simulink provides a timely introduction to current research on PID and predictive control.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xiii Preface xv Acknowledgment xix List of Symbols and Acronyms xxi 1 Modeling of AC Drives and Power Converter 1 1.1 Space Phasor Representation 1 1.1.1 Space Vector for Magnetic Motive Force 1 1.1.2 Space Vector Representation of Voltage Equation 4 1.2 Model of Surface Mounted PMSM 5 1.2.1 Representation in Stationary Reference Frame 5 1.2.2 Representation in Synchronous Reference Frame 7 1.2.3 Electromagnetic Torque 8 1.3 Model of Interior Magnets PMSM 10 1.3.1 Complete Model of PMSM 11 1.4 Per Unit Model and PMSM Parameters 11 1.4.1 Per Unit Model and Physical Parameters 11 1.4.2 Experimental Validation of PMSM Model 12 1.5 Modeling of Induction Motor 13 1.5.1 Space Vector Representation of Voltage Equation of Induction Motor 13 1.5.2 Representation in Stationary Reference Frame 17 1.5.3 Representation in Reference Frame 17 1.5.4 Electromagnetic Torque of Induction Motor 19 1.5.5 Model Parameters of Induction Motor and Model Validation 19 1.6 Modeling of Power Converter 21 1.6.1 Space Vector Representation of Voltage Equation for Power Converter 22 1.6.2 Representation in Reference Frame 22 1.6.3 Representation in Reference Frame 23 1.6.4 Energy Balance Equation 24 1.7 Summary 25 1.8 Further Reading 25 References 25 2 Control of Semiconductor Switches via PWM Technologies 27 2.1 Topology of IGBT Inverter 28 2.2 Six-step Operating Mode 30 2.3 Carrier Based PWM 31 2.3.1 Sinusoidal PWM 31 2.3.2 Carrier Based PWM with Zero-sequence Injection 32 2.4 Space Vector PWM 35 2.5 Simulation Study of the Effect of PWM 37 2.6 Summary 40 2.7 Further Reading 40 References 40 3 PID Control System Design for Electrical Drives and Power Converters 41 3.1 Overview of PID Control Systems Using Pole-assignment Design Techniques 42 3.1.1 PI Controller Design 42 3.1.2 Selecting the Desired Closed-loop Performance 43 3.1.3 Overshoot in Reference Response 45 3.1.4 PID Controller Design 46 3.1.5 Cascade PID Control Systems 48 3.2 Overview of PID Control of PMSM 49 3.2.1 Bridging the Sensor Measurements to Feedback Signals (See the lower part of Figure 3.6) 50 3.2.2 Bridging the Control Signals to the Inputs to the PMSM (See the top part of Figure 3.6) 51 3.3 PI Controller Design for Torque Control of PMSM 52 3.3.1 Set-point Signals to the Current Control Loops 52 3.3.2 Decoupling of the Current Control Systems 53 3.3.3 PI Current Controller Design 54 3.4 Velocity Control of PMSM 55 3.4.1 Inner-loop Proportional Control of q-axis Current 55 3.4.2 Cascade Feedback Control of Velocity:P Plus PI 57 3.4.3 Simulation Example for P Plus PI Control System 59 3.4.4 Cascade Feedback Control of Velocity:PI Plus PI 61 3.4.5 Simulation Example for PI Plus PI Control System 63 3.5 PID Controller Design for Position Control of PMSM 64 3.6 Overview of PID Control of Induction Motor 65 3.6.1 Bridging the Sensor Measurements to Feedback Signals 67 3.6.2 Bridging the Control Signals to the Inputs to the Induction Motor 67 3.7 PID Controller Design for Induction Motor 68 3.7.1 PI Control of Electromagnetic Torque of Induction Motor 68 3.7.2 Cascade Control of Velocity and Position 70 3.7.3 Slip Estimation 73 3.8 Overview of PID Control of Power Converter 74 3.8.1 Bridging Sensor Measurements to Feedback Signals 75 3.8.2 Bridging the Control Signals to the Inputs of the Power Converter 76 3.9 PI Current and Voltage Controller Design for Power Converter 76 3.9.1 P Control of d-axis Current 76 3.9.2 PI Control of q-axis Current 77 3.9.3 PI Cascade Control of Output Voltage 79 3.9.4 Simulation Example 80 3.9.5 Phase Locked Loop 80 3.10 Summary 82 3.11 Further Reading 83 References 83 4 PID Control System Implementation 87 4.1 P and PI Controller Implementation in Current Control Systems 87 4.1.1 Voltage Operational Limits in Current Control Systems 87 4.1.2 Discretization of Current Controllers 90 4.1.3 Anti-windup Mechanisms 92 4.2 Implementation of Current Controllers for PMSM 93 4.3 Implementation of Current Controllers for Induction Motors 95 4.4 Current Controller Implementation for Power Converter 97 4.4.1 Constraints on the Control Variables 97 4.5 Implementation of Outer-loop PI Control System 98 4.5.1 Constraints in the Outer-loop 98 4.5.2 Over Current Protection for AC Machines 99 4.5.3 Implementation of Outer-loop PI Control of Velocity 100 4.5.4 Over Current Protection for Power Converters 100 4.6 MATLAB Tutorial on Implementation of PI Controller 100 4.7 Summary 102 4.8 Further Reading 103 References 103 5 Tuning PID Control Systems with Experimental Validations 105 5.1 Sensitivity Functions in Feedback Control Systems 105 5.1.1 Two-degrees of Freedom Control System Structure 105 5.1.2 Sensitivity Functions 109 5.1.3 Disturbance Rejection and Noise Attenuation 110 5.2 Tuning Current-loop q-axis Proportional Controller (PMSM) 111 5.2.1 Performance Factor and Proportional Gain 112 5.2.2 Complementary Sensitivity Function 112 5.2.3 Sensitivity and Input Sensitivity Functions 114 5.2.4 Effect of PWM Noise on Current Proportional Control System 114 5.2.5 Effect of Current Sensor Noise and Bias 116 5.2.6 Experimental Case Study of Current Sensor Bias Using P Control 118 5.2.7 Experimental Case Study of Current Loop Noise 119 5.3 Tuning Current-loop PI Controller (PMSM) 123 5.4 Performance Robustness in Outer-loop Controllers 128 5.4.1 Sensitivity Functions for Outer-loop Control System 131 5.4.2 Input Sensitivity Functions for the Outer-loop System 135 5.5 Analysis of Time-delay Effects 136 5.5.1 PI Control of q-axis Current 137 5.5.2 P Control of q-axis Current 137 5.6 Tuning Cascade PI Control Systems for Induction Motor 138 5.6.1 Robustness of Cascade PI Control System 140 5.6.2 Robustness Study Using Nyquist Plot 143 5.7 Tuning PI Control Systems for Power Converter 147 5.7.1 Overview of the Designs 147 5.7.2 Tuning the Current Controllers 149 5.7.3 Tuning Voltage Controller 150 5.7.4 Experimental Evaluations 154 5.8 Tuning P Plus PI Controllers for Power Converter 157 5.8.1 Design and Sensitivity Functions 157 5.8.2 Experimental Results 158 5.9 Robustness of Power Converter Control System Using PI Current Controllers 159 5.9.1 Variation of Inductance Using PI Current Controllers 160 5.9.2 Variation of Capacitance on Closed-loop Performance 163 5.10 Summary 167 5.10.1 Current Controllers 167 5.10.2 Velocity, Position and Voltage Controllers 168 5.10.3 Choice between P Current Control and PI Current Control 169 5.11 Further Reading 169 References 169 6 FCS Predictive Control in d − q Reference Frame 171 6.1 States of IGBT Inverter and the Operational Constraints 172 6.2 FCS Predictive Control of PMSM 175 6.3 MATLAB Tutorial on Real-time Implementation of FCS-MPC 177 6.3.1 Simulation Results 179 6.3.2 Experimental Results of FCS Control 181 6.4 Analysis of FCS-MPC System 182 6.4.1 Optimal Control System 182 6.4.2 Feedback Controller Gain 184 6.4.3 Constrained Optimal Control 185 6.5 Overview of FCS-MPC with Integral Action 187 6.6 Derivation of I-FCS Predictive Control Algorithm 191 6.6.1 Optimal Control without Constraints 191 6.6.2 I-FCS Predictive Controller with Constraints 194 6.6.3 Implementation of I-FCS-MPC Algorithm 196 6.7 MATLAB Tutorial on Implementation of I-FCS Predictive Controller 197 6.7.1 Simulation Results 198 6.8 I-FCS Predictive Control of Induction Motor 201 6.8.1 The Control Algorithm for an Induction Motor 202 6.8.2 Simulation Results 204 6.8.3 Experimental Results 205 6.9 I-FCS Predictive Control of Power Converter 209 6.9.1 I-FCS Predictive Control of a Power Converter 209 6.9.2 Simulation Results 211 6.9.3 Experimental Results 214 6.10 Evaluation of Robustness of I-FCS-MPC via Monte-Carlo Simulations 215 6.10.1 Discussion on Mean Square Errors 216 6.11 Velocity and Position Control of PMSM Using I-FCS-MPC 218 6.11.1 Choice of Sampling Rate for the Outer-loop Control System 219 6.11.2 Velocity and Position Controller Design 223 6.12 Velocity and Position Control of Induction Motor Using I-FCS-MPC 224 6.12.1 I-FCS Cascade Velocity Control of Induction Motor 225 6.12.2 I-FCS-MPC Cascade Position Control of Induction Motor 226 6.12.3 Experimental Evaluation of Velocity Control 228 6.13 Summary 232 6.13.1 Selection of sampling interval 233 6.13.2 Selection of the Integral Gain 233 6.14 Further Reading 234 References 234 7 FCS Predictive Control in Reference Frame 237 7.1 FCS Predictive Current Control of PMSM 237 7.1.1 Predictive Control Using One-step-ahead Prediction 238 7.1.2 FCS Current Control in Reference Frame 239 7.1.3 Generating Current Reference Signals in Frame 240 7.2 Resonant FCS Predictive Current Control 241 7.2.1 Control System Configuration 241 7.2.2 Outer-loop Controller Design 242 7.2.3 Resonant FCS Predictive Control System 243 7.3 Resonant FCS Current Control of Induction Motor 247 7.3.1 The Original FCS Current Control of Induction Motor 247 7.3.2 Resonant FCS Predictive Current Control of Induction Motor 250 7.3.3 Experimental Evaluations of Resonant FCS Predictive Control 252 7.4 Resonant FCS Predictive Power Converter Control 255 7.4.1 FCS Predictive Current Control of Power Converter 255 7.4.2 Experimental Results of Resonant FCS Predictive Control 260 7.5 Summary 261 7.6 Further Reading 262 References 262 8 Discrete-time Model Predictive Control (DMPC) of Electrical Drives and Power Converter 265 8.1 Linear Discrete-time Model for PMSM 266 8.1.1 Linear Model for PMSM 266 8.1.2 Discretization of the Continuous-time Model 267 8.2 Discrete-time MPC Design with Constraints 268 8.2.1 Augmented Model 269 8.2.2 Design without Constraints 270 8.2.3 Formulation of the Constraints 272 8.2.4 On-line Solution for Constrained MPC 272 8.3 Experimental Evaluation of DMPC of PMSM 274 8.3.1 The MPC Parameters 274 8.3.2 Constraints 275 8.3.3 Response to Load Disturbances 275 8.3.4 Response to a Staircase Reference 277 8.3.5 Tuning of the MPC controller 278 8.4 Power Converter Control Using DMPC with Experimental Validation 280 8.5 Summary 281 8.6 Further Reading 282 References 283 9 Continuous-time Model Predictive Control (CMPC) of Electrical Drives and PowerConverter 285 9.1 Continuous-time MPC Design 286 9.1.1 Augmented Model 286 9.1.2 Description of the Control Trajectories Using Laguerre Functions 287 9.1.3 Continuous-time Predictive Control without Constraints 289 9.1.4 Tuning of CMPC Control System Using Exponential Data Weighting and Prescribed Degree of Stability 292 9.2 CMPC with Nonlinear Constraints 294 9.2.1 Approximation of Nonlinear Constraint Using Four Linear Constraints 294 9.2.2 Approximation of Nonlinear Constraint Using Sixteen Linear Constraints 294 9.2.3 State Feedback Observer 297 9.3 Simulation and Experimental Evaluation of CMPC of Induction Motor 298 9.3.1 Simulation Results 298 9.3.2 Experimental Results 300 9.4 Continuous-time Model Predictive Control of Power Converter 301 9.4.1 Use of Prescribed Degree of Stability in the Design 302 9.4.2 Experimental Results for Rectification Mode 303 9.4.3 Experimental Results for Regeneration Mode 303 9.4.4 Experimental Results for Disturbance Rejection 304 9.5 Gain Scheduled Predictive Controller 305 9.5.1 The Weighting Parameters 305 9.5.2 Gain Scheduled Predictive Control Law 307 9.6 Experimental Results of Gain Scheduled Predictive Control of Induction Motor 309 9.6.1 The First Set of Experimental Results 309 9.6.2 The Second Set of Experimental Results 311 9.6.3 The Third Set of Experimental Results 312 9.7 Summary 312 9.8 Further Reading 313 References 313 10 MATLAB®/Simulink® Tutorials on Physical Modeling and Test-bed Setup 315 10.1 Building Embedded Functions for Park-Clarke Transformation 315 10.1.1 Park-Clarke Transformation for Current Measurements 316 10.1.2 Inverse Park-Clarke Transformation for Voltage Actuation 317 10.2 Building Simulation Model for PMSM 318 10.3 Building Simulation Model for Induction Motor 320 10.4 Building Simulation Model for Power Converter 325 10.4.1 Embedded MATLAB Function for Phase Locked Loop (PLL) 325 10.4.2 Physical Simulation Model for Grid Connected Voltage Source Converter 328 10.5 PMSM Experimental Setup 332 10.6 Induction Motor Experimental Setup 334 10.6.1 Controller 334 10.6.2 Power Supply 334 10.6.3 Inverter 335 10.6.4 Mechanical Load 335 10.6.5 Induction Motor and Sensors 335 10.7 Grid Connected Power Converter Experimental Setup 335 10.7.1 Controller 335 10.7.2 Inverter 336 10.7.3 Sensors 336 10.8 Summary 337 10.9 Further Reading 337 References 337 Index 339

Read more less

Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Up-to-date coverage of every facet of electric power in a single volumeThis fully revised, industry-standard resource offers practical details on every aspect of electric power engineering. The book contains in-depth discussions from more than 100 internationally recognized experts. Generation, transmission, distribution, operation, system protection, and switchgear are thoroughly explained. Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Seventeenth Edition, features brand-new sections on measurement and instrumentation, interconnected power grids, smart grids and

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEssential for understanding how the positions and movements of objects can be measured and used for real-world applications, this guide describes a range of different locating and positioning technologies in terms of features, functions and performance, showing how benefits in specific applications can be realised through smart combinations of technology.Table of Contents1. Introduction to location; 2. Coordinate systems; 3. Satellite positioning (GNSS); 4. Radiolocation technologies; 5. Inertial navigation; 6. Other techniques and hybrid systems; 7. Techniques and performance; 8. When things go wrong; 9. Location based services and applications; 10. A brief look at the future.

Read more less