Electrical engineering Books

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction to Power Quality 2. Harmonic Models of Transformers 3. Modeling and Analysis of Induction Machines 4. Modeling and Analysis of Synchronous Machines 5. Performance of Power-Electronic Drives with Respect to Speed and Torque 6. Interaction of Harmonics with Capacitors 7. Lifetime Reduction of Transformers and Induction Machines 8. Power System Modeling under Nonsinusoidal Operating Conditions 9. Impact of Poor Power Quality on Reliability, Relaying and Security 10. The Roles of Filters in Power Systems and Unified Power Quality Conditioners 11. Optimal Placement and Sizing of Shunt Capacitor Banks in the Presence of Harmonics 12. Power Quality Solutions for Renewable Energy Systems

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xIntroduction 11. What is a Neural Network? 12. The Human Brain 63. Models of a Neuron 104. Neural Networks Viewed As Directed Graphs 155. Feedback 186. Network Architectures 217. Knowledge Representation 248. Learning Processes 349. Learning Tasks 3810. Concluding Remarks 45Notes and References 46 Chapter 1 Rosenblatt’s Perceptron 471.1 Introduction 471.2. Perceptron 481.3. The Perceptron Convergence Theorem 501.4. Relation Between the Perceptron and Bayes Classifier for a Gaussian Environment 551.5. Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 601.6. The Batch Perceptron Algorithm 621.7. Summary and Discussion 65Notes and References 66Problems 66 Chapter 2 Model Building through Regression 682.1 Introduction 682.2 Linear Regression Model: Preliminary Considerations 692.3 Maximum a Posteriori Estimation of the Parameter Vector 712.4 Relationship Between Regularized Least-Squares Estimation and MAP Estimation 762.5 Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 772.6 The Minimum-Description-Length Principle 792.7 Finite Sample-Size Considerations 822.8 The Instrumental-Variables Method 862.9 Summary and Discussion 88Notes and References 89Problems 89 Chapter 3 The Least-Mean-Square Algorithm 913.1 Introduction 913.2 Filtering Structure of the LMS Algorithm 923.3 Unconstrained Optimization: a Review 943.4 The Wiener Filter 1003.5 The Least-Mean-Square Algorithm 1023.6 Markov Model Portraying the Deviation of the LMS Algorithm from the Wiener Filter 1043.7 The Langevin Equation: Characterization of Brownian Motion 1063.8 Kushner’s Direct-Averaging Method 1073.9 Statistical LMS Learning Theory for Small Learning-Rate Parameter 1083.10 Computer Experiment I: Linear Prediction 1103.11 Computer Experiment II: Pattern Classification 1123.12 Virtues and Limitations of the LMS Algorithm 1133.13 Learning-Rate Annealing Schedules 1153.14 Summary and Discussion 117Notes and References 118Problems 119 Chapter 4 Multilayer Perceptrons 1224.1 Introduction 1234.2 Some Preliminaries 1244.3 Batch Learning and On-Line Learning 1264.4 The Back-Propagation Algorithm 1294.5 XOR Problem 1414.6 Heuristics for Making the Back-Propagation Algorithm Perform Better 1444.7 Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 1504.8 Back Propagation and Differentiation 1534.9 The Hessian and Its Role in On-Line Learning 1554.10 Optimal Annealing and Adaptive Control of the Learning Rate 1574.11 Generalization 1644.12 Approximations of Functions 1664.13 Cross-Validation 1714.14 Complexity Regularization and Network Pruning 1754.15 Virtues and Limitations of Back-Propagation Learning 1804.16 Supervised Learning Viewed as an Optimization Problem 1864.17 Convolutional Networks 2014.18 Nonlinear Filtering 2034.19 Small-Scale Versus Large-Scale Learning Problems 2094.20 Summary and Discussion 217Notes and References 219Problems 221 Chapter 5 Kernel Methods and Radial-Basis Function Networks 2305.1 Introduction 2305.2 Cover’s Theorem on the Separability of Patterns 2315.3 The Interpolation Problem 2365.4 Radial-Basis-Function Networks 2395.5 K-Means Clustering 2425.6 Recursive Least-Squares Estimation of the Weight Vector 2455.7 Hybrid Learning Procedure for RBF Networks 2495.8 Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 2505.9 Interpretations of the Gaussian Hidden Units 2525.10 Kernel Regression and Its Relation to RBF Networks 2555.11 Summary and Discussion 259Notes and References 261Problems 263 Chapter 6 Support Vector Machines 2686.1 Introduction 2686.2 Optimal Hyperplane for Linearly Separable Patterns 2696.3 Optimal Hyperplane for Nonseparable Patterns 2766.4 The Support Vector Machine Viewed as a Kernel Machine 2816.5 Design of Support Vector Machines 2846.6 XOR Problem 2866.7 Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 2896.8 Regression: Robustness Considerations 2896.9 Optimal Solution of the Linear Regression Problem 2936.10 The Representer Theorem and Related Issues 2966.11 Summary and Discussion 302Notes and References 304Problems 307 Chapter 7 Regularization Theory 3137.1 Introduction 3137.2 Hadamard’s Conditions for Well-Posedness 3147.3 Tikhonov’s Regularization Theory 3157.4 Regularization Networks 3267.5 Generalized Radial-Basis-Function Networks 3277.6 The Regularized Least-Squares Estimator: Revisited 3317.7 Additional Notes of Interest on Regularization 3357.8 Estimation of the Regularization Parameter 3367.9 Semisupervised Learning 3427.10 Manifold Regularization: Preliminary Considerations 3437.11 Differentiable Manifolds 3457.12 Generalized Regularization Theory 3487.13 Spectral Graph Theory 3507.14 Generalized Representer Theorem 3527.15 Laplacian Regularized Least-Squares Algorithm 3547.16 Experiments on Pattern Classification Using Semisupervised Learning 3567.17 Summary and Discussion 359Notes and References 361Problems 363 Chapter 8 Principal-Components Analysis 3678.1 Introduction 3678.2 Principles of Self-Organization 3688.3 Self-Organized Feature Analysis 3728.4 Principal-Components Analysis: Perturbation Theory 3738.5 Hebbian-Based Maximum Eigenfilter 3838.6 Hebbian-Based Principal-Components Analysis 3928.7 Case Study: Image Coding 3988.8 Kernel Principal-Components Analysis 4018.9 Basic Issues Involved in the Coding of Natural Images 4068.10 Kernel Hebbian Algorithm 4078.11 Summary and Discussion 412Notes and References 415Problems 418 Chapter 9 Self-Organizing Maps 4259.1 Introduction 4259.2 Two Basic Feature-Mapping Models 4269.3 Self-Organizing Map 4289.4 Properties of the Feature Map 4379.5 Computer Experiments I: Disentangling Lattice Dynamics Using SOM 4459.6 Contextual Maps 4479.7 Hierarchical Vector Quantization 4509.8 Kernel Self-Organizing Map 4549.9 Computer Experiment II: Disentangling Lattice Dynamics Using Kernel SOM 4629.10 Relationship Between Kernel SOM and Kullback—Leibler Divergence 4649.11 Summary and Discussion 466Notes and References 468Problems 470 Chapter 10 Information-Theoretic Learning Models 47510.1 Introduction 47610.2 Entropy 47710.3 Maximum-Entropy Principle 48110.4 Mutual Information 48410.5 Kullback—Leibler Divergence 48610.6 Copulas 48910.7 Mutual Information as an Objective Function to be Optimized 49310.8 Maximum Mutual Information Principle 49410.9 Infomax and Redundancy Reduction 49910.10 Spatially Coherent Features 50110.11 Spatially Incoherent Features 50410.12 Independent-Components Analysis 50810.13 Sparse Coding of Natural Images and Comparison with ICA Coding 51410.14 Natural-Gradient Learning for Independent-Components Analysis 51610.15 Maximum-Likelihood Estimation for Independent-Components Analysis 52610.16 Maximum-Entropy Learning for Blind Source Separation 52910.17 Maximization of Negentropy for Independent-Components Analysis 53410.18 Coherent Independent-Components Analysis 54110.19 Rate Distortion Theory and Information Bottleneck 54910.20 Optimal Manifold Representation of Data 55310.21 Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 56010.22 Summary and Discussion 561Notes and References 564Problems 572 Chapter 11 Stochastic Methods Rooted in Statistical Mechanics 57911.1 Introduction 58011.2 Statistical Mechanics 58011.3 Markov Chains 58211.4 Metropolis Algorithm 59111.5 Simulated Annealing 59411.6 Gibbs Sampling 59611.7 Boltzmann Machine 59811.8 Logistic Belief Nets 60411.9 Deep Belief Nets 60611.10 Deterministic Annealing 61011.11 Analogy of Deterministic Annealing with Expectation-Maximization Algorithm 61611.12 Summary and Discussion 617Notes and References 619Problems 621 Chapter 12 Dynamic Programming 62712.1 Introduction 62712.2 Markov Decision Process 62912.3 Bellman’s Optimality Criterion 63112.4 Policy Iteration 63512.5 Value Iteration 63712.6 Approximate Dynamic Programming: Direct Methods 64212.7 Temporal-Difference Learning 64312.8 Q-Learning 64812.9 Approximate Dynamic Programming: Indirect Methods 65212.10 Least-Squares Policy Evaluation 65512.11 Approximate Policy Iteration 66012.12 Summary and Discussion 663Notes and References 665Problems 668 Chapter 13 Neurodynamics 67213.1 Introduction 67213.2 Dynamic Systems 67413.3 Stability of Equilibrium States 67813.4 Attractors 68413.5 Neurodynamic Models 68613.6 Manipulation of Attractors as a Recurrent Network Paradigm 68913.7 Hopfield Model 69013.8 The Cohen—Grossberg Theorem 70313.9 Brain-State-In-A-Box Model 70513.10 Strange Attractors and Chaos 71113.11 Dynamic Reconstruction of a Chaotic Process 71613.12 Summary and Discussion 722Notes and References 724Problems 727 Chapter 14 Bayseian Filtering for State Estimation of Dynamic Systems 73114.1 Introduction 73114.2 State-Space Models 73214.3 Kalman Filters 73614.4 The Divergence-Phenomenon and Square-Root Filtering 74414.5 The Extended Kalman Filter 75014.6 The Bayesian Filter 75514.7 Cubature Kalman Filter: Building on the Kalman Filter 75914.8 Particle Filters 76514.9 Computer Experiment: Comparative Evaluation of Extended Kalman and Particle Filters 77514.10 Kalman Filtering in Modeling of Brain Functions 77714.11 Summary and Discussion 780Notes and References 782Problems 784 Chapter 15 Dynamically Driven Recurrent Networks 79015.1 Introduction 79015.2 Recurrent Network Architectures 79115.3 Universal Approximation Theorem 79715.4 Controllability and Observability 79915.5 Computational Power of Recurrent Networks 80415.6 Learning Algorithms 80615.7 Back Propagation Through Time 80815.8 Real-Time Recurrent Learning 81215.9 Vanishing Gradients in Recurrent Networks 81815.10 Supervised Training Framework for Recurrent Networks Using Nonlinear Sequential State Estimators 82215.11 Computer Experiment: Dynamic Reconstruction of Mackay—Glass Attractor 82915.12 Adaptivity Considerations 83115.13 Case Study: Model Reference Applied to Neurocontrol 83315.14 Summary and Discussion 835Notes and References 839Problems 842Bibliography 845Index 889

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsControl Valves, Actuators, and Positioners (15 Hours) Trainee $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448277-4 Instructor $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448280-4 (Module ID 12207-16) Covers the construction and operation of various piping-system valves and actuators. Discusses the application and operation of valve positioners. Presents valve selection criteria and explains how to interpret valve and actuator markings and nameplate information. Detectors, Secondary Elements, Transducers, and Transmitters (25 Hours) Trainee $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448278-1 Instructor $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448279-8 (Module ID 12205-16) Introduces instrumentation devices that detect different process variables, devices that change the variable into a transmittable form, and devices that transmit the information to another device for control or informational purposes. Covers devices that sense flow, level, temperature, and pressure, along with various types of transducers and transmitters. Instrumentation Electrical Circuitry (25 Hours) Trainee $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448281-1 Instructor $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448282-8 (Module ID 12305-16) Describes various types of series and parallel circuits; resistance, inductance, and capacitance in AC circuits; DC power supplies; analog and digital signals; and common applications of electrical and electronic circuitry. Relays and Timers (10 Hours) Trainee $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448283-5 Instructor $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448285-9 (Module ID 12208-16) Presents the principles of operation and applications of various relays and timers. Also reviews the selection process for these devices. Switches and Photoelectric Devices (10 Hours) Trainee $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448286-6 Instructor $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448287-3 (Module ID 12209-16) Covers the principles of operation and applications of switches and photoelectric devices in the instrumentation environment. Terminating Conductors (20 Hours) Trainee $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448288-0 Instructor $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448290-3 (Module ID 12307-16) Explains the methods, procedures, and standards used to terminate and test common types of conductors utilized in electrical and electronic wiring applications. Grounding and Shielding of Instrumentation Wiring (10 Hours) Trainee $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448291-0 Instructor $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448293-4 (Module ID 12306-16) Teaches the basic concepts of grounding and shielding, including wire and cable identification. Defines various types of noise that can be induced into instrumentation wiring and describes the methods used to reduce or eliminate it. Process Control Theory (25 Hours) Trainee $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448294-1 Instructor $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448295-8 (Module ID 12204-16) Describes the principles of process control and how various types of control loops are applied. Discusses ON-OFF and modulating control schemes. Explains how process control principles are applied to flow, level, temperature, and pressure control loops. Controllers (10 Hours) Trainee $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448296-5 Instructor $20 ISBN 978-0-13-448297-2 (Module ID 12206-16) Covers the theory of operation and the application of common process controllers, including both pneumatic and electronic devices.

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Book Synopsis1. Signals.- 2. Causes of Signal Impairment.- 3. Baseband Signal Processing.- 4. Services.- 5. Quality of Service.- 6. System Outline.- 7. Orbits and Controlled Trajectories.- 8. Radio-Frequency Design Issues.- 9. Analog Transmission.- 10. Digital Transmission.- 11. Bidirectional Circuit Design.- 12. Channel-Access Schemes.- 13. Networking.- 14. System Economics.- 15. Future Developments.- Appendix 1. Radio Regulations Provisions.- I. Introduction.- II. Frequency Allocations.- III. Interference Coordination.- A. Modes of Interference between Space and Terrestrial Services.- B. Modes of Interference between Stations of Different Space Systems in Frequency Bands with Separated Earth-to-Space and Space-to-Earth Allocations.- C. Modes of Interference between ESs of Different Space Systems in Frequency Bands for Bidirectional Use.- IV. Radiation Limitations.- References.- Appendix 2. Frequency Sharing among Fixed-Satellite Service Networks.- I. Interference Evaluation to Determine if CoordiTable of ContentsSignals; E. Saggese, S. Tirró. Causes of Signal Impairment; S. Tirró. Source Signal Processing; E. Saggese. Services; A. Puccio. Quality of Service; A. Puccio, et al. System Outline; A. Bonetto, et al. Orbits and Controlled Trajectories; V. Violi, G. Vulpetti. Radiofrequency Design Issues; A. Bonetto, E. Saggese. Analog Transmission; S. Tirró. Digital Transmission; F. Ananasso, et al. Bidirectional Circuits Design; S. Tirró. Channel Access Schemes; A. Vernucci. Networking; S. Tirró. System Economics; S. Tirró. Future Developments; G. Chiassarini, et al. Index.

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding the electronic structure of solids is a basic part of theoretical investigation in physics. Application of investigative techniques requires the solid under investigation to be periodic. However, this is not always the case. This volume addresses three classes of non-periodic solids currently undergoing the most study: alloys, surfaces and clusters. Understanding the electronic structure of these systems is fundamental not only for the basic science, but also constitutes a very important step in various technological aspects, such as tuning their stabilities, chemical and catalytic reactivities and magnetism. Expert practitioners give an up-to-date account of the field with enough detailed background so that even a newcomer can follow the development. The theoretical framework is discussed in addition to the present status of knowledge in the field. Electronic Structure of Alloys, Surfaces and Clusters also includes an extensive bibliography which provides a comprehensiveTable of ContentsLocality in Electronic Structure- An Introduction to the Recursion Method. Introduction to the Linear Band Structure Methods. Introduction to Augmented Space Methods. Electronic Structure of Disordered Alloys Using the KKR Method. Phase Stability of Binary Intermetallics: A First Principles Approach. Application of the Augmented Space Recursion to the Study of Electronic Structure and Phase Stability of Disordered Alloys. Estimation of Parameters of Many-body Model Hamiltonians from Ab Initio Calculations. Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Alloys in a Face Centered Cubic Lattice. Growth, Electronic and Magnetic Structure of Rough Surfaces. Ab Initio Orbital Free Molecular Dynamics: Technique and Applications. Ab Initio Study of Transition Metal Clusters.

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Book SynopsisIn this comprehensive book, all aspects of Millimeter Waves (MMWs) are explored with an emphasis on the fundamental aspects of the associated physical phenomena. Each chapter provides a review of the main aspects of the subject, including: fundamental limitations and prospects of semiconductor device application in MMW radio systems; multi-element arrays of semiconductor devices in MMW transceivers; active MMW dielectric waveguides; crystal growth processes in thin film Au-GaAs contact performance for MMW devices; local nonuniformities and potential patches at the interfaces of thin film structures in MMW semiconductor devices; and low-loss dielectric materials for MMW components.The Science and Technology of Millimeter Wave Components and Deviceswill be invaluable to researchers, university lecturers, industrial laboratories and medical institutions concerned with both the scientific and technological advances in the millimeter wave components and devices.Table of ContentsFundamental Limitations and Prospects of Semiconductor Device Application in Millimeter Wave Radio Systems. Multielement Arrays if Semiconductor Devices in MMW Transceivers. Active MMW Dielectric Waveguides. Crystal Growth Processes in Thin Film Au-GaAs Contact Performance for Millimeter Wave Devices. Local Nonuniformities and Potential Patches at the Interfaces of Thin Film Structures in Millimeter Wave Semiconductor Devices. Low-loss Materials for Application in Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Ranges. Index.

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Book SynopsisSelected papers from the 'International Forum of Information Systems Frontiers — Xian International Symposium (IFISF, 29-30 June, 2006, Xian, China) and the 'IFIP TC 8.9 International Conference on Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems' (Confenis 2007, 14-16 October 2007, Beijing, China).Table of ContentsPreface Advances in EIS Topics include:- Seven challenges for information system designers- Particle Swarm Optimization- E-commerce web usability evaluation on Chinese IT enterprise- Application of the SMS platform in rural informatization- Folksonomy and algorithm models for optimizing related tags- Research of intelligent IETM architecture based on polychromatic set- Affective virtual learning environments- Rural informatization research: The goals, developmental pattern and measure- Software outsourcing analysis based on game theory- Model of e-commerce application for the manufacturing SMEs of China

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Book SynopsisElectronic navigation, although still relatively new, is becoming increasingly more common, particularly on commercial vessels. This handbook offers a wealth of detailed information about how different charting systems operate and answers the most commonly asked questions regarding electronic charts (ENC, RNC, DNC) and electronic chart systems (ECDIS, RCDS, ECS). The first resource to provide so much detail on all facets of ECDIS and Electronic Charting Systems, it is certain to serve as the bible for ECDIS users for years to come. It not only provides information for training programs but also for engineers maintaining ECDIS Systems in the field. The book will be of specific interest to those who need to know about selection, implementation, operational use, benefits, and management of these systems, without getting into the technical details of how ECDIS/GIS actually works.Trade Review"I look forward to having Captain Weintrit’s handbook readily available on my ship for student and officer use. I think it will be a great addition to our Maritime Education and the courses at our academies. I enthusiastically endorse his effort and professionalism without reservation." --Captain Larry Wade, Master, Training Ship STATE OF MAINE, Adjunct Professor, Department of Marine Transportation, Maine Maritime Academy, USA"Though it is lengthy for a handbook, I feel the objective as stated by the author is achieved. It is a valuable resource to be utilized for the education of industry professionals in the implantation and management of ECDIS." --Captain Bill Erlanson, Senior Deck Training Officer aboard the Training Ship STATE OF MAINE; Adjunct Professor in the Department of Marine Transportation at Maine Maritime Academy"For a long time to come, it will be the technical bible for ECDIS for not only providing information for training programs but also for engineers maintaining ECDIS Systems in the field."--George W. Kimball, Electronics Certifier, Instructor and Evaluator, Training Ship STATE OF MAINE, Retired Manager Raytheon Marine Systems, USATable of ContentsIntroduction. 1. Legal Aspects, Requirements and International Standards. 2. Principal Types of ECS and Electronic Charts. 3.ECDIS Data. 4. Presentation of ENC/SENC Data. 5. Main Functions of ECDIS. 6. Route Planning and Special Functions. 7. Route Monitoring and Special Functions. 8. Data Updating System. 9. Additional Navigation-related Information Sensors, Display and Functions. 10. Voyage Data Recording (Documentation). 11. Errors, Status Indications, Warnings and Alarms. 12. Operational Requirements.

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Book SynopsisModern science and engineering relies heavily on understanding computer hardware and software in order to make effective use of these tools in the laboratory and industrial environments. The authors of Modern Instrumentation: A Computer Approach have succeeded in producing a highly readable source that will serve both newcomers to the field as well as experienced professionals. Including both fundamentals and applications, the book first describes the role of the computer in instrument systems and provides numerous practical examples. The second part of the book explores specific software packages and their capabilities for applications such as, instrument design and simulation, data acquisition, data processing, and the potential of artificial intelligence in instrument design. Because of the full integration of theory with practical applications of leading software packages, this book is an extremely useful reference for those who use computer-based instrument technolTrade Review"… a wide-angle snapshot of the instrumentation needs within the biomedical, scientific, and engineering communities … a good, broad background education for those scientists and engineers new to computer-based instrumentation." -Scientific Computing WorldTable of ContentsPreface. Fundamentals of data acquisition and instrument control. Introduction. Information and its representation. Hardware architecture of PC-based instrument systems. Software for instrument systems. Data-processing considerations. Data acquisition and instrument control resources. Applied instrumentation automation. Design aids - SPICE. Design aids - MathCAD, MATLAB. Design aids - DSPlay. Spreadsheets: Lotus 1-2-3. A graphical user interface development tool: LabWindows. The Windows operating environment. Fully integrated applications.

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Book SynopsisSince its development in the late 1970s, the Moiré Fringe method has become a standard technique for the measurement of the behavior of materials and structures. Edited by one of the co-inventors of the technique, the Handbook of Moiré Measurement brings together a series of extended case studies from recognized experts in the field. The emphasis is on the application of the method to real situations, and presents a very readable account of the technique from the point of view of the user. As an introduction to the Moiré technique and its variants, this book will be of interest to readers at all levels, but is particularly suitable for undergraduates and graduate students in physics, materials science, and structural and mechanical engineering.Table of Contents1 Introduction, 1.1 A brief history of the moiré method, References, CHAPTER 2: STRAIN MEASUREMENTS AT THE LIMIT—THE MOIRÉ MICROSCOPE, 2.1 Nonlinear analysis of interferometric moiré fringes, 2.1.1 Example fringe data reduction, References, 2.2 Microscopic moiré interferometry, 2.2.1 Immersion interferometer, 2.2.1.1 Optical configuration, 2.2.1.2 Four-beam immersion interferometer, 2.2.2 Mechanical configuration, 2.2.3 Fringe shifting and O/DFM method, References, 2.3 Localized thermal strains in electronic interconnections by microscopic moiré interferometry, 2.3.1 Specimen preparation, 2.3.2 Thin small outline package, 2.3.3 Leadless chip carrier, 2.3.4 Effect of underfill encapsulation on flip chip solder bump, 2.3.5 Plated through hole, References, 2.4 Titanium in elastic tension: micromechanical deformation, 2.4.1 Introduction, 2.4.2 Specimen and loading fixture, 2.4.3 Experimental procedure and fringe patterns, 2.4.4 Anomalous strains along the grain boundaries, 2.4.5 Discussion, References, 2.5 Micromechanical thermal deformation of unidirectional boron/aluminum composite, 2.5.1 Experimental procedure and fringe patterns, 2.5.2 Analysis and results, 2.5.3 Discussion, References, CHAPTER 3: FRACTURE MECHANICS, 3.1.1 Assessment of the shape of crack-tip plastic zones as a function of applied load, 3.1.1.1 Introduction, 3.1.1.2 Experimental details, 3.1.1.3 Measurement of Von Mises yield locus, 3.1.1.4 Discussion of results, 3.1.1.5 Conclusions, References, 3.1.2 Deformation around fatigue cracks from moiré fringe measurement, 3.1.2.1 Introduction, 3.1.2.2 Basic crack-tip models, 3.1.2.2.1 Stationary crack under monotonie loading, 3.1.2.2.2 Stationary crack under cyclic loading, 3.1.2.3 Experimental details, 3.1.2.4 Fatigue crack-tip deformation, 3.1.2.4.1 Local yielding, 3.1.2.4.2 Non-singular stresses, 3.1.2.4.3 Cyclic plasticity, 3.1.2.4.4 Local mode-mixity, 3.1.2.5 Summary, Acknowledgment, References, 3.2.1 Applications of moiré to cellulosic (paper and woo

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Book SynopsisSignificant changes have occurred in materials science, including increasing demands on life extensions, and the reliability and exploitability of components, materials, and structures. These changes provide smart technologies with excellent application opportunities in aerospace, civil and electrical engineering, transportation, manufacturing, communications, defense, and medicine. Smart Materials and Structures presents an overview of current developments in the characterization and applications of materials and actuators, issues surrounding their control, and the integration of smart systems and technologies. This compendium provides a valuable synopsis of this rapidly expanding and topical research field for engineers, program managers, technologists, physicists, materials scientists, and mathematicians working to advance smart materials, research methods, their applications, and robotic technologies.Table of ContentsPlenary Lectures (J F V Vincent: Smart by name, smart by nature; R Lammering et al: Design, optimazation and realization of smart structures.) Adaptive structures and active control (9 papers). Active control: Actuators (9 papers). Active control: Applications (5 papers). ER fluids (3 papers). ER properties (3 papers). ER models and applications (3 papers). MR/ER Fluids (4 papers). Shape memory alloys (6 papers). Actuators: Shape memory alloys (3 papers). Damage detection (3 papers). Health monitoring (9 papers). Sensor location/systems (6 papers). Novel materials (9 papers). Numerical modelling and related topics (6 papers). Modelling smart structures (3 papers). Piezo devices (4 papers). PZT: Poling/deposition (3 papers). Demonstrator workshop (15 papers). Author index.

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Book SynopsisAn international perspective on recent research, Compound Semiconductors 2001 provides an overview of important developments in III-V compound semiconductors, such as GaAs, InP, and GaN; II-VI compounds, such as ZnSe and CdTe; and IV-IV compounds, such as SiC and SiGe. The book contains 139 papers arranged in chapters on electronic devices, optical devices, magnetic materials, novel systems, quantum transport, optical characterization, quantum nanostructures, and material growth and characterization. The content encompasses the development of optical and electronic devices based on nitride semiconductors as well as the steady advances in traditional topics like III-V-based electronic and optical devices, growth and processing, and characterization. The book also includes novel research trends in quantum structures, such as quantum wires and dots, and spintronics, which are very promising for future developments in nanotechnology. As the primary forum for research into these Table of Contents1 Electronic Devices (24 papers).2 Optical Devices (15 papers).3 Magnetic Materials (5 papers).4 Novel Systems (10 papers).5 Quantum Transport (8 papers).6 Optical Characterization (16 papers).7 Quantum Nanostructures (20 papers).8 Material Growth and Characterization (15 papers).9 Material Growth and Characterization (Nitride) (26 papers).Author Index.

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, there has been increasing activity in the research and design of optical systems based on liquid crystal (LC) science. Bringing together contributions from leading figures in industry and academia, Optical Applications of Liquid Crystals covers the range of existing applications as well as those in development. Unique in its thorough coverage of applications, not just the basic chemistry and physics of liquid crystals, the book begins with the existing applications of liquid crystals, from the ubiquitous LCD through to LC projectors and holography. The remaining chapters discuss more promising technologies in development, including photoaligning, photopatterning, and bistable twisted nematic LCs.Table of ContentsOptical properties and applications of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystals. Electro holography and active optics. On the use of liquid crystals for adaptive optics. Polymer dispersed liquid crystals. New developments in photo-aligning andphoto-patterning technologies: physics and applications. Industrial and engineering aspects of LC applications.

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Book SynopsisUltrafast photonics has become an interdisciplinary topic of high international research interest because of the spectacular development of compact and efficient lasers producing optical pulses with durations in the femtosecond time domain. Present day long-haul telecommunications systems are almost entirely based on the transmission of short bursts or pulses of laser light along silicon optical fibres, with Erbium-doped fibre amplifiers inserted to regenerate the signals periodically. The phenomenal success of optical fibre communications has created a substantial opto-electronics industry that provides efficient laser sources, high-speed modulators, optical amplifiers and detectors.Although optical data transmission is now well established, current systems approaches will eventually cease to meet the ever-increasing demands of data-communication. Existing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) schemes will need to be complemented with time-domain multiplexing (TDM) techniqTable of ContentsProspects for ultrafast digital processing, Femtosecond sources based on vibronic crystals, Short pulse generation using sem iconductor lasers, Measuring ultrafast laser pulses, Cascaded nonlinear optical processes, Spatial beam instabilities due to instantaneous nonlinear mechanisms, Planar photonic crystal microcircuit elements, Propagation of short light pulses in photonic band-gap structures, Ultrafast spectroscopy studies of semiconductors, Ultrafast semiconductor all-optical processing devices for telecommunications applications, Ultrafast processes in semiconductor optical amplifiers and modulators, Towards polym er lasers and amplifiers, Optical spintronics for switching, Localised waves in femtosecond optics, Poster Sessions, List of Participants, Index

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Book SynopsisAn electroluminescent (EL) material is one that emits electromagnetic (EM) radiation in the visible or near visible range when an electric field is applied to it. EL materials have a vast array of applications in the illumination and displays industries, from cheap and energy efficient lighting to large high resolution flat panel displays. The Handbook of Electroluminescent Materials begins with a chapter that outlines the basic physical principles of electroluminescence. The following chapters review in detail the preparation methods, physicochemical structures, characterization, and applications of all classes of EL materials, ranging from the traditional materials already in common usage to the more exotic materials, such as GaN and organics. The final chapter compares and contrasts these different materials in various application contexts.Table of ContentsPrinciples of EL.II-VI group materials.III-V group materials.IV group materials.Organic materials.Flourides.High-Tc superconductors.

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Book SynopsisA combination of the materials science, manufacturing processes, and pioneering research and developments of SiGe and strained-Si have offered an unprecedented high level of performance enhancement at low manufacturing costs. Encompassing all of these areas, Strained-Si Heterostructure Field Effect Devices addresses the research needs associated with the front-end aspects of extending CMOS technology via strain engineering. The book provides the basis to compare existing technologies with the future technological directions of silicon heterostructure CMOS.After an introduction to the material, subsequent chapters focus on microelectronics, engineered substrates, MOSFETs, and hetero-FETs. Each chapter presents recent research findings, industrial devices and circuits, numerous tables and figures, important references, and, where applicable, computer simulations. Topics covered include applications of strained-Si films in SiGe-based CMOS technology, electronic properties of biTable of ContentsIntroduction. Strain Engineering in Microelectronics. Strain-Engineered Substrates. Electronic Properties of Engineered Substrates. Gate Dielectrics on Engineered Substrates. Heterostructure SiGe/SiGeC MOSFETs. Strained-Si Heterostructure MOSFETs. Modeling and Simulation of Hetero-FETs.

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Book SynopsisFluctuations in scattered waves limit the performance of imaging and remote sensing systems that operate on all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. To better understand these fluctuations, Modeling Fluctuations in Scattered Waves provides a practical guide to the phenomenology, mathematics, and simulation of non-Gaussian noise models and discusses how they can be used to characterize the statistics of scattered waves.Through their discussion of mathematical models, the authors demonstrate the development of new sensing techniques as well as offer intelligent choices that can be made for system analysis. Using experimental results and numerical simulation, the book illustrates the properties and applications of these models. The first two chapters introduce statistical tools and the properties of Gaussian noise, including results on phase statistics. The following chapters describe Gaussian processes and the random walk model, address multiple scattering effects and propagation through an extended medium, and explore scattering vector waves and polarization fluctuations. Finally, the authors examine the generation of random processes and the simulation of wave propagation.Although scattered wave fluctuations are sources of information, they can hinder the performance of imaging and remote sensing systems. By providing experimental data and numerical models, this volume aids you in evaluating and improving upon the performance of your own systems.Table of ContentsStatistical Preliminaries. The Gaussian Process. Processes Derived from Gaussian Noise. Scattering by a Collection of Discrete Objects: The Random Walk Model. Scattering by Continuous Media: Phase Screen Models. Scattering by Smoothly Varying Phase Screens. Scattering by Fractal Phase Screens. Other Phase Screen Models. Propagation through Inhomogeneous Extended Media. Multiple scattering: Fluctuations in Double Passage and Multipath Scattering Geometries. Vector Scattering: Polarisation Fluctuations. K-Distributed Noise. Measurement and Detection. Numerical Techniques.

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Book SynopsisX-Ray Lasers 2004 comprises invited, contributed, and poster papers presented at the 9th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers (ICXRL2004) held in Beijing in May 2004. Some 120 participants from 13 countries and regions met in Beijing to compare results and exchange views on future developments in x-ray lasers and related fields.The book covers the following topics: overviews of x-ray lasers research, collisionally pumped x-ray lasers, capillary discharge-pumped x-ray lasers, OFI and photo-pumped x-ray lasers, high-order harmonics XUV radiation, grazing incidence pumping x-ray lasers, theory and simulations of x-ray lasers and plasma media, free-electron lasers and accelerator-based x-ray sources, alternative pumping schemes for x-ray lasers, applications of x-ray lasers and other bright x-ray sources, x-ray optics and instrumentation, investigations of x-ray laser media, and developments of x-ray laser drivers. X-Ray Lasers 2004 provides not only an overview and an Table of ContentsPreface, Conference Organization, Sponsors, Conference Schedule, Section 1: Overviews of X-ray lasers research, Section 2: CoIIisionally pumped X-ray lasers, Section 3: Capillary discharge-pumped X-ray lasers, Section 4: OFI and photo-pumped X-ray lasers, Section 5: High-order harmonics XUV radiation, Section 6: Grazing Incidence Pumping (GRIP) X-ray lasers, Section 7: Theory and simulations of X-ray lasers and plasma media, Section 8: Free-electron lasers and accelerator-based X-ray sources, Section 9: Alternative pumping schemes for X-ray lasers, Section 10: Applications of X-ray lasers and other bright X-ray sources, Section 11: X-ray optics and instrumentation, Section 12: Investigations of X-ray laser media, Section 13: Developments of X-ray laser drivers, Author Index

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