Electrical engineering Books

Book SynopsisPeriodic structures are of great importance in electromagnetics due to their wide range of applications such as frequency selective surfaces (FSS), electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures, periodic absorbers, meta-materials, and many others. The aim of this book is to develop efficient computational algorithms to analyze the scattering properties of various electromagnetic periodic structures using the finite-difference time-domain periodic boundary condition (FDTD/PBC) method. A new FDTD/PBC-based algorithm is introduced to analyze general skewed grid periodic structures while another algorithm is developed to analyze dispersive periodic structures. Moreover, the proposed algorithms are successfully integrated with the generalized scattering matrix (GSM) technique, identified as the hybrid FDTD-GSM algorithm, to efficiently analyze multilayer periodic structures. All the developed algorithms are easy to implement and are efficient in both computational time and memory usage. These algorithms are validated through several numerical test cases. The computational methods presented in this book will help scientists and engineers to investigate and design novel periodic structures and to explore other research frontiers in electromagnetics. Table of Contents: Introduction / FDTD Method and Periodic Boundary Conditions / Skewed Grid Periodic Structures / Dispersive Periodic Structures / Multilayered Periodic Structures / ConclusionsTable of ContentsIntroduction.- FDTD Method and Periodic Boundary Conditions.- Skewed Grid Periodic Structures.- Dispersive Periodic Structures.- Multilayered Periodic Structures.- Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThis book develops the basic concepts in understanding Analog Communications. Beginning with coverage of amplitude modulation, including the time and frequency domain representations of double sideband, single sideband, and vestigial sideband modulation, and introduces the student to the fundamental ideas of quadrature amplitude modulation, frequency division multiplexing, and digital communications using on-off keying. The author continues with additional discussion and coverage of the time and frequency domain representations of frequency and phase modulation, including bandwidth calculations, and the use of frequency shift keying, phase shift keying, and differential phase shift keying for the transmission of digital information. Contents include applications and further analyses of the effects of channel noise on amplitude, phase, and frequency modulation performance based on input versus output signal to noise ratios and some system comparisons are discussed.Table of ContentsPreface.- Amplitude Modulation.- Phase and Frequency Modulation.- Noise in Analog Modulation.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook for courses in Embedded Systems introduces students to necessary concepts, through a hands-on approach. LEARN BY EXAMPLE – This book is designed to teach the material the way it is learned, through example. Every concept is supported by numerous programming examples that provide the reader with a step-by-step explanation for how and why the computer is doing what it is doing. LEARN BY DOING – This book targets the Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller. This platform is a widely popular, low-cost embedded system that is used to illustrate each concept in the book. The book is designed for a reader that is at their computer with an MSP430FR2355 LaunchPadTM Development Kit plugged in so that each example can be coded and run as they learn. LEARN BOTH ASSEMBLY AND C – The book teaches the basic operation of an embedded computer using assembly language so that the computer operation can be explored at a low-level. Once more complicated systems are introduced (i.e., timers, analog-to-digital converters, and serial interfaces), the book moves into the C programming language. Moving to C allows the learner to abstract the operation of the lower-level hardware and focus on understanding how to “make things work”. BASED ON SOUND PEDAGOGY - This book is designed with learning outcomes and assessment at its core. Each section addresses a specific learning outcome that the student should be able to “do” after its completion. The concept checks and exercise problems provide a rich set of assessment tools to measure student performance on each outcome.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS.- CHAPTER 2. DIGITAL LOGIC BASICS CHAPTER 3. COMPUTER SYSTEMSCHAPTER 4. THE MSP430CHAPTER 5. GETTING STARTED PROGRAMMING THE MSP430 IN ASSEMBLY.- CHAPTER 6. DATA MOVEMENT INSTRUCTIONS.- CHAPTER 7. DATA MANIPULATION INSTRUCTIONS.- CHAPTER 8. PROGRAM FLOW INSTRUCTIONS.- CHAPTER 9. DIGITAL I/O.- CHAPTER 10. THE STACK AND SUBROUTINES.- CHAPTER 11. INTRODUCTION TO INTERRUPTS.- CHAPTER 12. INTRODUCTION TO TIMERS.- CHAPTER 13. SWITCHING TO THE C LANGUAGE.- CHAPTER 14. SERIAL COMMUNICATION IN C.- CHAPTER 15. ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS.- CHAPTER 16. THE CLOCK SYSTEM.- CHAPTER 17. LOW-POWER MODES.- APPENDIX A. CONCEPT CHECK SOLUTIONS.

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Book SynopsisAround the world, extreme weather events are becoming increasingly "the new normal" and are expected to increase in the 21st century as a result of climate change. Extreme weather events have devastating impacts on human lives and national economies. This book examines ways to protect people from hazards using early warning systems, and includes contributions from experts from four different continents representing 14 different universities, 8 government agencies and two UN agencies. Chapters detail critical components of early warning systems, ways to identify vulnerable communities, predict hazards and deliver information. Unique satellite images illustrate the transnational impact of disasters, while case studies provide detailed examples of warning systems. With contributors from the fields of economics, ethics, meteorology, geography and biology, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in disaster risk reduction or climate change.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Chapter 1: The Impact of Climate Change on Natural Disasters.- Chapter 2: Challenges in Early Warning of the Persistent and Widespread Winter Fog over the Indo-Gangetic Plains: A Satellite Perspective.- Chapter 3: Assessing human vulnerability to climate change from an evolutionary perspective.- Chapter 4: Early Warning Systems Defined.- Chapter 5: The State of Early Warning Systems.- Chapter 6: Climate Change and Early Warning Systems for Wildland Fire.- Chapter 7: Climate Change Implications and Use of Early Warning Systems for Global Dust Storms.- Chapter 8: Applications of Medium Range Probabilistic Flood Forecast for Societal Benefits - Lessons Learned from Bangladesh.- Chapter 9: Flood forecasting and early warning: an example from the UK Environment Agency.- Chapter 10: The Evolution of Kenya’s Drought Management System.- Chapter 11: Understanding the warning process through the lens of practice: emancipation as a condition of action. Some lessons from France.- Chapter 12: The Effect of Early Flood Warnings on Mitigation and Recovery during the 2010 Pakistan Floods.- Chapter 13: Disasters are gendered: what’s new?.- Chapter 14: The Ethics of Early Warning Systems for Climate Change.- Chapter 15: Decadal Warning Systems.- Chapter 16: The role of scientific modelling and insurance in providing innovative solutions for managing the risk of natural disasters.- Chapter 17: “Follow the spiders”: Ecosystems as Early Warnings.- Chapter 18: Natural hazards and Climate Change in Kenya: Minimizing the impacts on vulnerable communities through Early Warning Systems.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the material necessary for understanding the physics, operation, design, and performance of modern MOSFETs with nanometer dimensions. It offers a brief introduction to the field and a thorough overview of MOSFET physics, detailing the relevant basics. The authors apply presented models to calculate and demonstrate transistor characteristics, and they include required input data (e.g., dimensions, doping) enabling readers to repeat the calculations and compare their results. The book introduces conventional and novel advanced MOSFET concepts, such as multiple-gate structures or alternative channel materials. Other topics covered include high-k dielectrics and mobility enhancement techniques, MOSFETs for RF (radio frequency) applications, MOSFET fabrication technology.Trade Review"Nanoscale CMOS has become mainstream technology. This book deals with a very important topic and is written by two well-known contributors to the field. It is a very timely and important book."—Prof. Michael Shur, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA"This book combines the knowledge of three distinguished authors in a unique blend transcending from early history to modern-day nanotechnology; the text will be enjoyable, educational and illuminating for the technical novice and the modern expert."—Dr. Steven Voldman, ESD Association, USATable of ContentsThe Evolution of Silicon Electronics. MOSFET Theory. Nanoscale MOSFETs. MOSFETs for RF Applications. Overview of Nanometer CMOS Technology. Outlook. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"[A] treat . . . I think that students studying this material would not only find Paul’s treatments easy to follow, but would benefit greatly by learning something of the history that surrounds the development of the analysis and applications of the heat equation."---Jim Stein, New Books in Mathematics"Nahin knows how to write a book mixing physics and (a lot of) mathematics and (still) make it readable."---Adhemar Bultheel, European Mathematical Society"Hot Molecules, Cold Electrons has provided me with a new perspective on what I thought to be a rather tedious topic. . . . I would recommend it to anyone who wants to work out their maths muscles and learn something along the way."---Louis Ammon, Chemistry World

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. INTRODUCTION. Case Study: Transformation of the Grid: The Impact of Distributed Energy Resources on Bulk Power Systems. History of Electric Power Systems. Present and Future Trends. Electric Utility Industry Structure. Computers in Power System Engineering. PowerWorld Simulator. 2. FUNDAMENTALS. Case Study: Investing in the Future: How Small Utilities are Finding Success with Advanced Distribution Management Systems. Phasors. Instantaneous Power in Single-Phase AC Circuits. Complex Power. Network Equations. Balanced Three-Phase Circuits. Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits. Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase vs. Single-Phase Systems. Energy Conversion. 3. POWER TRANSFORMERS. Case Study: Transformer Innovation in a Changing Energy Landscape The Ideal Transformer. Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers. The Per-Unit System. Three-Phase Transformer Connections and Phase Shift. Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of Balanced Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers. Three-Winding Transformers. Autotransformers. Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios. 4. TRANSMISSION-LINE PARAMETERS. Case Study: Renewables, Resiliency Drive Transmission Upgrades. Case Study: Greenlink Nevada to Drive Job Creation, Economic Recovery from Covid-19 . Transmission Line Design Considerations. Resistance. Conductance. Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor. Inductance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing. Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors. Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return. Electric Field and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor. Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing. Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors. Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return. Electric Field Strength at Conductor Surfaces and at Ground Level. Parallel Circuit Three-Phase Lines. 5. TRANSMISSION LINES: STEADY-STATE OPERATION. Case Study: Opportunities for Embedded High Voltage Direct Current. Medium and Short Line Approximations. Transmission-Line Differential Equations. Equivalent p Circuit. Lossless Lines. Maximum Power Flow. Line Loadability. Reactive Compensation Techniques. 6. POWER FLOWS. Case Study: Xcel Energy Strengthens the Grid with Advanced SVCs. Direct Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Gauss Elimination. Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel. Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Newton-Raphson. The Power Flow Problem. Power Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel. Power Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson. Control of Power Flow. Sparsity Techniques. Fast Decoupled Power Flow. The DC" Power Flow. 7. ECONOMIC DISPATCH AND OPTIMAL POWER FLOW. Case Study: Electricity Markets in the United States. Economic Dispatch. Optimal Power Flow. Design Projects. 8. SYMMETRICAL FAULTS. Case Study: Pumped Storage Hydro: Then and Now. Series R-L Circuit Transients. Three-Phase Short Circuit ��� Unloaded Synchronous Machine. Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits. Bus Impedance Matrix. Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection. Design Project. 9. SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS. Case Study: The Ups and Downs of Gravity Energy Storage. Definition of Symmetrical Components. Sequence Networks of Impedance Loads. Sequence Networks of Series Impedances. Sequence Networks of Three-Phase Lines. Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines. Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers. Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformers. Power in Sequence Networks. 10. UNSYMMETRICAL FAULTS. Case Study: ABB Commissions Switchgear Installation with Eco-Efficient Gas. Case Study: Transforming the Transmission Industry: The Rapid Adoption of Green Gas for Grid (g3) signals a global change in environmental responsibility. Case Study: PG&E to use SF6-Free Products from Siemens. System Representation. Single Line-to-Ground Fault. Line-to-Line Fault. Double Line-to-Ground Fault. Sequence Bus Impedance Matrices. Design Projects. 11. SYSTEM PROTECTION. Case Study: On Good Behavior: Inverter-Grid Protections for Integrating Distributed Photovoltaics. Instrument Transformers. Overcurrent Relays. Radial System Protection. Reclosers, Fuses and Sectionalizers. Directional Relays. Protection of Two-Source System with Directional Relays. Zones of Protection. Line Protection with Impedance (Distance) Relays. Differential Relays. Bus Protection with Differential Relays. Transformer Protection with Differential Relays. Pilot Relaying. Numeric Relaying. 12. TRANSIENT STABILITY. Case Study: The Impact of Renewables on Operational Security The Swing Equation. Simplified Synchronous Machine Model and System Equivalents. The Equal-Area Criterion. Numerical Integration of the Swing Equation. Multimachine Stability. A Two-Axis Synchronous Machine Model. Wind Turbine Machine Models. Design Methods for Improving Transient Stability. 13. POWER SYSTEM CONTROLS. Case Study: The Software-Defined Power Grid. Generator-Voltage Control. Turbine-Governor Control. Load-Frequency Control. 14. TRANSMISSION LINES: TRANSIENT OPERATION. Case Study: . Case Study: VariSTAR Type AZE Station-Class Surge Arresters for Systems through 345 kV IEEE Certified. Traveling Waves on Single-Phase Lossless Lines. Boundary Conditions for Single-Phase Lossless Lines. Bewley Lattice Diagram. Discrete-Time Models of Single-Phase Lossless Lines and Lumped RLC Elements. Lossy Lines. Multiconductor Lines. Power System Overvoltages. Insulation Coordination. 15. POWER DISTRIBUTION. Case Study: High-Frequency Power Electronics at the Grid Edge. Introduction to Distribution. Primary Distribution. Secondary Distribution. Transformers in Distribution Systems. Shunt Capacitors in Distribution Systems. Distribution Software. Distribution Reliability. Distribution Automation. Smart Grid. Appendix. Index."

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Book SynopsisSocial Media Analytics and Practical Applications: The Change to the Competition Landscape provides a framework that allows you to understand and analyze the impact of social media in various industries. It illustrates how social media analytics can help firms build transformational strategies and cope with the challenges of social media technology. By focusing on the relationship between social media and other technology models, such as wisdom of crowds, healthcare, fintech and blockchain, machine learning methods, and 5G, this book is able to provide applications used to understand and analyze the impact of social media. Various industries are called out and illustrate how social media analytics can help firms build transformational strategies and at the same time cope with the challenges that are part of the landscape. The book discusses how social media is a driving force in shaping consumer behavior and spurring innovations by embracing and dire

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Book SynopsisA unique combination of theoretical knowledge and practical analysis experience Derived from Yoshihide Hase?s Handbook of Power Systems Engineering, 2nd Edition, this book provides readers with everything they need to know about power system dynamics. Presented in three parts, it covers power system theories, computation theories, and how prevailed engineering platforms can be utilized for various engineering works. It features many illustrations based on ETAP to help explain the knowledge within as much as possible. Recompiling all the chapters from the previous book, Power System Dynamics with Computer Based Modeling and Analysis offers nineteen new and improved content with updated information and all new topics, including two new chapters on circuit analysis which help engineers with non-electrical engineering backgrounds. Topics covered include: Essentials of Electromagnetism; Complex Number Notation (Symbolic Method) and Laplace-trTable of ContentsAbout the Authors xxix Preface xxxi Acknowledgments xxxiii Part A Power Systems Theories and Practices 1 1 Essentials of Electromagnetism 3 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Voltage, Current, Electric Power, and Resistance 3 1.3 Electromagnetic Induction (Faraday’s Law) 4 1.4 Self Inductance and Mutual Inductance 6 1.5 Mutual Capacitance 7 2 Complex Number Notation (Symbolic Method) and the Laplace Transform 11 2.1 Euler’s Formula 11 2.2 Complex Number Notation of Electricity Based on Euler’s Formula 12 2.3 LR Circuit Transient Calculation Using Complex Number Notation and the Laplace Transform 14 2.4 LCR Circuit Transient Calculation 16 2.5 Resistive, Inductive, and Capacitive Load, and Phasor Expressions 21 3 Transmission Line Matrices and Symmetrical Components 25 3.1 Overhead Transmission Lines with Inductive LR Constants 25 3.2 Overhead Transmission Lines with Capacitive C Constants 30 3.3 Symmetrical Coordinate Method (Symmetrical Components) 32 3.4 Conversion of a Three-Phase Circuit into a Symmetrical Coordinated Circuit 39 3.5 Transmission Lines by Symmetrical Components 39 3.6 Generator by Symmetrical Components (Simplified Description) 47 3.7 Description of a Three-Phase Load Circuit by Symmetrical Components 49 4 Physics of Transmission Lines and Line Constants 51 4.1 Inductance 51 4.2 Capacitance and Leakage Current 59 4.3 Actual Configuration of Overhead Transmission Lines 66 4.4 Special Properties of Working Inductance and Working Capacitance 68 4.5 MKS Rational Unit System 71 5 The Per-Unit Method 77 5.1 Fundamental Concepts of the PU Method 77 5.2 PU Method for a Single-Phase Circuit 77 5.3 PU Method for Three-Phase Circuits 79 5.4 Base Quantity Modification of Unitized Impedance 80 5.5 Unitized Symmetrical Circuit: Numerical Example 81 6 Transformer Modeling 91 6.1 Single-Phase Three-Winding Transformer 91 6.2 − − Δ-Connected Three-Phase, Three-Winding Transformer 95 6.3 Three-Phase Transformers with Various Winding Connections 101 6.4 Autotransformers 105 6.5 On-Load Tap-Changing Transformer (LTC Transformer) 107 6.6 Phase-Shifting Transformer 109 6.7 Woodbridge Transformers and Scott Transformers 113 6.8 Neutral Grounding Transformer 116 6.9 Transformer Magnetic Characteristics and Inrush Current Phenomena 118 7 Fault Analysis Based on Symmetrical Components 127 7.1 Fundamental Concepts of Fault Analysis Based on the Symmetrical Coordinate Method 127 7.2 Line-to-Ground Fault (Phase-a to Ground Fault: 1ϕG) 127 7.3 Fault Analysis at Various Fault Modes 132 7.4 Conductor Opening 137 7.5 Visual Vector Diagrams of Voltages and Currents under Fault Conditions 139 7.6 Three-Phase-Order Misconnections 151 8 Fault Analysis with the αβ0-Method 155 8.1 αβ0-Method (Clarke-Components) 155 8.2 Fault Analysis with αβ0-Components 166 8.3 Advantages of the αβ0-Method 171 8.4 Fault-Transient Analysis with Symmetrical Components and the αβ0-Method 171 9 Power Cables 175 9.1 Structural Features of Power Cables 175 9.2 Circuit Constants of Power Cables 183 9.3 Metallic Sheaths and Outer Coverings 190 10 Synchronous Generators, Part 1: Circuit Theory 195 10.1 Generator Model in a Phase abc-Domain 195 10.2 dq0 Method (dq0 Components) 203 10.3 Transformation of Generator Equations from the abc-Domain to the dq0-Domain 206 10.4 Physical Meanings of Generator Equations in the dq0-Domain 210 10.5 Generator dq0-Domain Equations 213 10.6 Generator dq0-Domain Equivalent Circuit 218 10.7 Generator Operating Characteristics and Vector Diagram on the d- and q-Axes Plane 220 10.8 Generator Transient Reactance 223 10.9 Symmetrical Equivalent Circuits of Generators 225 10.10 Laplace-Transformed Generator Equations and Time Constants 231 10.12 Relations Between the dq0-Domain and αβ0-Domain 239 10.13 Calculating Generator Short-Circuit Transient Current Under Load 239 11 Synchronous Generators, Part 2: Characteristics of Machinery 251 11.1 Apparent Power P + jQ in the abc-, 012-, dq0-Domains 251 11.2 Mechanical (Kinetic) Power and Generating (Electrical) Power 257 11.3 Kinetic Equation for Generators 259 11.4 Generator Operating Characteristics with P-Q (or p-q) Coordinates 269 11.5 Generator Ratings and Capability Curves 271 11.6 Generator’s Locus in the pq-Coordinate Plane under Various Operating Conditions 275 11.7 Leading Power-Factor (Under-Excitation Domain) Operation, and UEL Function by AVR 277 11.8 Operation at Over-Excitation (Lagging Power-Factor Operation) 282 11.9 Thermal Generators’ Weak Points (Negative-Sequence Current, Higher Harmonic Current, Shaft-Torsional Distortion) 282 11.10 Transient Torsional Twisting Torque of a TG Coupled Shaft 287 11.11 General Description of Modern Thermal/Nuclear TG Units 290 12 Steady-State, Transient, and Dynamic Stability 297 12.1 P-δ Curves and Q-δ Curves 297 12.2 Power Transfer Limits of Grid-Connected Generators (Steady-State Stability) 299 12.3 Transient Stability 306 12.4 Dynamic Stability 309 12.5 Four-Terminal Circuit and the P − δ Curve under Fault Conditions 310 12.6 P-δ Curve under Various Fault-Mode Conditions 312 12.7 PQV Characteristics and Voltage Instability (Voltage Avalanche) 313 12.8 Generator Characteristics with an AVR 319 12.9 Generator Operation Limit With and Without an AVR in PQ Coordinates 330 12.10 VQ (Voltage and Reactive Power) Control with an AVR 332 13 Induction Generators and Motors (Induction Machines) 337 13.1 Introduction to Induction Motors and Generators 337 13.2 Doubly Fed Induction Generators and Motors 337 13.3 Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors 355 13.4 Proportional Relations of Mechanical Quantities and Electrical Quantities as a Basis of Power-Electronic Control 367 14 Directional Distance Relays and R–X Diagrams 371 14.1 Overview of Protective Relays 371 14.2 Directional Distance Relays (DZ-Ry) and R–X Coordinate Plane 372 14.3 R–X Diagram Locus under Fault Conditions 375 14.4 Impedance Locus under Ordinary Load Conditions and Step-Out Conditions 381 14.5 Impedance Locus Under Faults with Load-Flow Conditions 385 14.6 Loss of Excitation Detection by Distance Relays (40-Relay) 386 15 Lightning and Switching Surge Phenomena and Breaker Switching 391 15.1 Traveling Wave on a Transmission Line, and Equations 391 15.2 Four-Terminal Network Equations between Two Arbitrary Points 398 15.3 Examination of Line Constants 399 15.4 Behavior of Traveling Waves at Transition Points 401 15.5 Surge Overvoltages and Their Three Different, Confusing Notations 404 15.6 Behavior of Traveling Waves at a Lightning-Strike Point 406 15.7 Traveling Wave Phenomena of Three-Phase Transmission Lines 408 15.8 Reflection Lattices and Transient Behavior Modes 413 15.9 Switching Surge Phenomena Caused by Breakers Tripping 415 15.10 Breaker Phase Voltages and Recovery Voltages after Fault Tripping 424 15.11 Three-Phase Breaker TRVs across Independent Poles 426 15.12 Circuit Breakers and Switching Practices 432 15.13 Switching Surge Caused by Line Switches (Disconnecting Switches) 452 15.14 Surge Phenomena Caused on Power Cable Systems 454 15.15 Lightning Surge Caused on Cable Lines 456 15.16 Switching Surge Caused on Cable Lines 458 15.17 Surge Voltages Caused on Cables and GIS Jointed Points 459 16 Overvoltage Phenomena 463 16.1 Neutral-Grounding Methods 463 16.2 Arc-Suppression Coil (Petersen Coil) Neutral-Grounded Method 467 16.3 Overvoltages Caused by a Line-to-Ground Fault 467 16.4 Other Low-Frequency Overvoltage Phenomena (Non-resonant Phenomena) 469 16.5 Lower-Frequency Resonant Overvoltages 472 16.6 Interrupted Ground Fault of a Cable Line in a Neutral-Ungrounded System 475 16.7 Switching Surge Overvoltages 475 16.8 Overvoltage Phenomena Caused by Lightning Strikes 477 17 Insulation Coordination 481 17.1 Overvoltages as Insulation Stresses 481 17.2 Classification of Overvoltages 483 17.3 Fundamental Process of Insulation Coordination 486 17.4 Countermeasures on Transmission Lines to Reduce Overvoltages and Flashover 487 17.5 Tower-Mounted Arrester Devices 489 17.6 Using Unequal Circuit Insulation (Double-Circuit Lines) 490 17.7 Using High-Speed Reclosing 490 17.8 Overvoltage Protection with Arresters at Substations 491 17.9 Station Protection Using OGWs and Reduced Grounding Resistance 499 17.10 Insulation Coordination Details 501 17.11 Transfer Surge Voltages through Transformers, and Generator Protection 509 17.12 Transformer Internal High-Frequency Voltage Oscillation Phenomena 518 17.13 Oil-Filled Transformers Versus Gas-Filled Transformers 524 18 Harmonics and Waveform Distortion Phenomena 527 18.1 Classification of Harmonics and Waveform Distortion 527 18.2 Impact of Harmonics 527 18.3 Harmonic Phenomena Caused by Power Cable Line Faults 529 19 Power Electronic Applications, Part 1: Devices 535 19.1 Fundamental Concepts of Power Electronics 535 19.2 Power Switching with Power Devices 535 19.3 Snubber Circuit 539 19.4 Voltage Conversion with Switching 540 19.5 Power Electronics Devices 542 19.6 Mathematical Background for Analyzing Power Electronics Applications 547 20 Power Electronics Applications, Part 2: Circuit Theory 553 20.1 AC-to-DC Conversion: A Rectifier with a Diode 553 20.2 AC-to-DC Controlled Conversion: Rectifier with a Thyristor 562 20.3 DC-to-DC Converters (DC-to-DC Choppers) 571 20.4 DC-to-AC Inverters 579 20.5 PWM Control of Inverters 583 20.6 AC-to-AC Converters (Cycloconverters) 587 21 Power Electronics Applications, Part 3: Control Theory 589 21.1 Introduction 589 21.2 Driving Motors 589 21.3 Static Var Compensators (SVC: A Thyristor-Based Approach) 597 21.4 Active Filters 603 21.5 Generator Excitation Systems 609 21.6 Adjustable-Speed Pumped-Storage Generator-Motor Units 610 21.7 Wind Generation 615 21.8 Small Hydro Generation 618 21.9 Solar Generation (Photovoltaic Generation) 619 21.10 High-Voltage DC Transmission (HVDC Transmission) 621 21.11 FACTS Technology 625 21.12 Railway Applications 62721.13 Uninterruptible Power Supplies 628Appendix A Mathematical Formulae 631Appendix B Matrix Equation Formulae 635 Part B Digital Computation Theories 639 22 Digital Computation Basics 641 22.1 Introduction 641 22.2 Network Types 642 22.3 Circuit Elements 645 22.4 Ohm’s Law 653 22.5 Kirchhoff’s Circuit Laws 655 22.6 Electrical Division Principle 656 22.7 Instantaneous, Average, and RMS Values 657 22.8 Nodal Formulation 658 22.9 Procedure for Mesh Analysis 662 22.10 Norton’s and Thévenin’s Equivalents 664 22.11 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 668 22.13 Network Topology 675 22.14 Power System Matrices 681 22.15 Transformer Modeling 692 22.16 Transmission Line Modeling 696 23 Power-Flow Methods 701 23.1 Newton–Raphson Method 701 23.2 Gauss–Seidel Method 702 23.3 Adaptive Newton–Raphson Method 703 23.4 Fast-Decoupled Method 703 24 Short-Circuit Methods 705 24.1 ANSI/IEEE Calculation Methods 705 24.2 IEC Calculation Methods 719 25 Harmonics 729 25.1 Problem Formulation 729 25.2 Methodology and Standards 733 25.3 Harmonic Indices 735 25.4 Harmonic Component Modeling 740 25.5 Power System Components 741 25.6 System Resonance 743 25.7 Harmonic Mitigation 744 26 Reliability 749 26.1 Methodology and Standards 749 26.2 Performance Indices 752 27 Numerical Integration Methods 755 27.1 Accuracy 755 27.2 Stability 755 27.3 Stiffness 757 27.4 Predictor–Corrector 757 27.5 Runge–Kutta 758 28 Optimization 761 28.1 Power-Flow Injections 761 28.2 Voltage Magnitude Constraints 762 28.3 Line-Flow Thermal Constraints 762 28.4 Line-Flow Constraints as Current Limitations 763 28.5 Line-Flow Constraints as Voltage Angle Constraints 763 Part C Analytical Practices and Examples using ETAP 765 29 Introduction to Power System Analysis 767 29.1 Planning Studies 767 29.2 Need for Power-System Analysis 768 29.3 Computers in Power Engineering 768 29.4 Study Approach 768 29.5 Operator Training 772 29.6 System Reliability and Maintenance 772 29.7 Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) 772 30 One-Line Diagrams 777 30.1 Introduction 777 30.2 Engineering Parameters 777 30.3 One-Line Diagram Symbols 778 30.4 Power-System Configurations 780 30.5 Network Topology Processing 787 30.6 Illustrative Example – Per-Unit and Single-Line Diagram 790 31 Load Flow 791 31.1 Introduction 791 31.2 Study Objectives 791 31.3 Problem Formulation 792 31.4 Calculation Methodology 794 31.5 Required Data for ETAP 796 31.6 Data Collection and Preparation 797 31.7 Model Validation 797 31.8 Study Scenarios 799 31.9 Contingency Analysis 800 31.10 Optimal or Optimum Power Flow 801 31.11 Illustrative Examples 803 32 Short-Circuit/Fault Analysis 841 32.1 Introduction 841 32.2 Analysis Objectives 841 32.3 Methodology and Standards 846 32.4 Study Scenarios 855 32.5 Results and Reports 856 32.6 Illustrative Examples 858 33 Motor Starting 881 33.1 Methods 881 33.2 Analysis Objectives 893 33.3 Methodology and Standards 894 33.4 Required Data 902 33.5 Illustrative Examples 903 33.6 Motor-Starting Plots and Results 913 33.7 Motor-Starting Alerts 916 34 Harmonics 917 34.1 Introduction 917 34.2 Analysis Objectives 919 34.3 Required Data 921 34.4 Harmonic Load Flow and Frequency Scan 923 34.5 Illustrative Examples 924 35 Transient Stability 939 35.1 Introduction 939 35.2 Analysis Objectives 940 35.3 Basic Concepts of Transient Stability 942 35.4 Dynamic Models 944 35.5 User-Defined Models 967 35.6 Parameter Tuning 967 35.7 Single-Generator Power System Model 971 35.8 Data Collection and Preparation 973 35.9 Study Scenarios 974 35.10 Stability Improvement 977 35.11 System Simulation 977 35.12 Illustrative Examples 979 36 Reliability Assessment 1003 36.1 Introduction 1003 36.2 Analysis Objectives 1003 36.3 Problem Formulation 1004 36.4 Required Data 1005 36.5 Illustrative Examples 1005 37 Protective Device Coordination 1019 37.1 Introduction 1019 37.2 Relays 1022 37.3 Methodology 1028 37.4 Required Data 1035 37.5 Principle of Protection 1036 37.6 Principle of Selectivity/Coordination 1037 37.7 Art of Protection and Coordination >600 V 1040 37.8 Illustrative Examples 1048Appendix C Standards, Regulations, and Best Practice 1071 Further Reading 1083 Index 1085

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Book SynopsisThe best way to learn design in any field is to study examples, and some of the best examples of software design come from the tools programmers use in their own work. Software Design by Example: A Tool-Based Introduction with Python therefore builds small versions of the things programmers use in order to demystify them and give some insights into how experienced programmers think. From a file backup system and a testing framework to a regular expression matcher, a browser layout engine, and a very small compiler, we explore common design patterns, show how making code easier to test also makes it easier to reuse, and help readers understand how debuggers, profilers, package managers, and version control systems work so that they can use them more effectively.This material can be used for self-paced study, in an undergraduate course on software design, or as the core of an intensive weeklong workshop for working programmers. Each chapter has a set of exercises ranging in siz

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Book SynopsisDetection of Optical Signals provides a comprehensive overview of important technologies for photon detection, from the X-ray through ultraviolet, visible, infrared to far-infrared spectral regions. It uniquely combines perspectives from many disciplines, particularly within physics and electronics, which are necessary to have a complete understanding of optical receivers.This interdisciplinary textbook aims to: Guide readers into more detailed and technical treatments of readout optical signals Give a broad overview of optical signal detection including terahertz region and two-dimensional material Help readers further their studies by offering chapter-end problems and recommended reading. This is an invaluable resource for graduate students in physics and engineering, as well as a helpful refresher for those already working with aerospace sensors and systems, remote sensing, thermal imaging, military imaging, optical telec

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Fundamentals of Electric Motors2. Control of Direct Current Motors3. Alternating Current Motors: Synchronous Motor and Induction Motor4. Modeling of Alternating Current Motors and Reference Frame Theory5. Vector Control of Alternating Current Motors6. Current Regulator of Alternating Current Motors7. Pulse Width Modulation Inverter8. High-Speed Operation of Alternating Current Motors9. Speed Estimation and Sensorless Control of Alternating Current Motors10. Brushless Direct Current Motors

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Book SynopsisAn expert team from SONY Europe explains the technology behind today''s major digital audio consumer products, including the Compact Disc, MiniDisc, Super Audio CD, DVD-Audio, MP3 and Digital Audio Tape.Beginning with a fascinating overview of the history of audio technology, this fourth edition addresses the principles and technologies which underpin the various formats currently available. Considerable technical detail is provided, with extensive use of illustrations to enhance understanding. Audio engineers, students and hi-fi enthusiasts who want to gain an understanding of the way these technologies have been developed will find no better introduction than this authoritative guide from SONY, a forerunner in the digital audio industry.Trade ReviewREVIEWS OF PREVIOUS EDITIONS:'Decidedly a book for which the market has been waiting... it should find wide appeal amongst audio engineers, students and hi-fi enthusiasts.' Practical Electronics magazine'The definitive book on CD players and associated technology...essential reading for the budding audio engineers...a place should be found for it on the shelves of the electronics department in every college and at all good reference libraries.'Hi-Fi News magazineTable of ContentsPreface; A short history of audio technology; PART ONE: PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; Introduction; Principles of sampling; Principles of quantization; Overview of A/D conversion systems; Operation of AD-D/A converters; Codes for digital magnetic recording; Principles of error correction; PART TWO: THE COMPACT DISC; Overview of the compact disc medium; Compact disc encoding; Opto-electronics and the optical block; The servo circuits in CD players; Signal processing; PART THREE: DIGITAL AUDIO RECORDING SYSTEMS; Outline; Video PCM-formats; Digital audio tape (DAT) format; Non-tracking digital audio tape (DAT); MiniDisc; PART FOUR: ADVANCED DIGITAL AUDIO TECHNOLOGIES; Super audio compact disc (SACD); DVD-Audio; Audio compression; APPENDICES; Error correction; Sampling theorem; Serial copy management system (SCMS); Digital audio interface format (S/PDIF-IEC958)

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Book SynopsisCreate awe-inspiring, mind-blowing Flash ads, microsites, advergames, and branded applications that engage consumers and demonstrate their worth to clients. Creating Flash Advertising delivers the nuts and bolts of the development process from initial design conception to ad completion. You''ll learn the best practices for:* Mastering the myriad of ad specs, deadlines, quality and version control issues* Creating ads that balance campaign goals with design constraints* Preparing and building ads with team and QC standards* Using forms and data in ads without file bloat* File optimization techniques for swf files* 3rd party rich media technologies that transcend the 30k banner* Integrating video into sites and banners* Social media applications* Trafficking and tracking ads for impressions, interactions, clicks, and conversions* Using ActionScript to save development time and implement team standardsPublished projects developed with tTable of ContentsFlash advertising overview; Designing campaigns; Preparing and building ads; Forms and data; File optimization; Third party rich media technologies; Trafficking and tracking your ads; Designing the site; Preparing and building microsites; Driving traffic to the site; What is AIR?; Designing the application; Data, files and user interaction; Connectivity; Classes

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Book SynopsisEargle''s Microphone Book is the only guide you will ever need for the latest in microphone technology, application and technique. This new edition features more on microphone arrays and wireless microphones, new material on digital models; the latest developments in surround; expanded advice on studio set up, recording and mic selection. Ray A. Rayburn provides detailed analysis of the different types of microphones available and addresses their application through practical examples of actual recording sessions and studio operations. The book takes you into the studio or concert hall to see how performers are positioned and how the best microphone array is determined. Problem areas such as reflections, studio leakage and isolation are analyzed from practical viewpoints. Creative solutions to stereo sound staging, perspective, and balance are covered in detail. Eargle''s Microphone Book is an invaluable resource for learning the ''whTrade Review"...this is a very interesting book which is well written and copiously illustrated with both graphs and pictures throughout. For anyone involved in using, specifying or manufacturing microphones this will prove an invaluable read." - Lighting and Sound International"Besides being a "must-have reference source for recording engineers, producers or anybody who desires to better understand and utilize mics, The Microphone Book is an engaging read from its first chapter on microphone history to the 21st chapter and Eargle's unique take on classic microphones and their influence on the art and science of recording...The Microphone Book is unique in its balance of broad and meticulously detailed practical information." - Music Connection magazineReviews for the previous edition:"John has brought his successful experience in classical and other music recording to the book's many pages, and one can find the best microphone arrangements for nearly every conceivable situation and guides to proceed for the more unusual ones." - The American Organist"John Eargle has prepared another useful book for audio system contractors, engineers, designers and enthusiasts.Sound & Communications magazine"Highly recommended for everyone who wants to know more. Read it. Amazon.com customer review"The Microphone Book will save you time and money, even if you only ever buy one microphone to use in a home studio. If you do live sound, record on location, or are kitting out a slightly more ambitious project studio, then this book will be invaluable. It takes you far further than the 'microphone' sections of general guides to studio recording. Amazon.co.uk customer review"This book is a must for people in the recording and road show industry. It will not only help them understand the physics of microphones but also proper microphone placement. Glen Ballou, editor of The Handbook for Sound EngineersTable of ContentsA Short History of the MicrophoneBasic Sound Transmission and Operational Forces on MicrophonesThe Pressure MicrophoneThe Pressure Gradient MicrophoneFirst-Order Directional MicrophonesHigh-Directionality MicrophonesMicrophone Measurements, Standards, and Specifications Electrical Considerations and Electronic Interface Overview of Wireless Microphone Technology; Microphone Accessories Basic Stereophonic TechniquesStereo Microphones; Classical StereoRecording Techniques and PracticeStudio Recording TechniquesSurround Sound Microphone TechnologySurround Recording Case StudiesA Survey of Microphones in Broadcast and CommunicationsFundamentals of Speech and Music Reinforcement Overview of Microphone Arrays and Adaptive Systems Care and Maintenance of MicrophonesClassic Microphones: The Author's View

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Book SynopsisAs part of the America's Energy Future project, this title examines the potential for reducing energy demand through improving efficiency by using existing technologies, technologies developed but not yet utilized widely, and prospective technologies. It evaluates technologies based on their estimated times to initial commercial deployment.Table of Contents1 Front Matter; 2 Summary; 3 1 Energy Use in Context; 4 2 Energy Efficiency in Residential and Commercial Buildings; 5 3 Energy Efficiency in Transportation; 6 4 Energy Efficiency in industry; 7 5 Overarching Findings and Lessons Learned from Federal and State Energy Efficiency Policies and Programs; 8 Appendixes; 9 Appendix A: America's Energy Future Project; 10 Appendix B: Panel Biographical Information; 11 Appendix C: Presentations and Panel Meetings; 12 Appendix D: Definitions of Energy Efficiency; 13 Appendix E: Estimating the Net Costs and Benefits of Energy Savings; 14 Appendix F: Equivalences and Conversion Factors; 15 Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Book SynopsisRapid deployment and acceptance of broadband networks, including the 802.11 a/b/g, 3G cellular networks, WiMAX, and emerging 4G cellular IP networks, have sparked a growing reliance on voice over IP and the quickly emerging IP TV and Mobile TV. Providing the necessary background and technical understanding to stay abreast of and even ahead of the IP trend, IP Communications and Services for NGN explores IP development for the delivery of next generation mobile services. Packed with detailed illustrations, this cutting-edge reference examines the primary IP protocols (IPv4 and IPv6), real-time protocols, and three major IP services (VoIP, IPTV, and Mobile TV). It clearly explains the different architectures of fixed, mobile, and wireless networks along with the major advantages and disadvantages of each. It includes coverage of the latest in: The VoIP Market <Table of ContentsAccess Networks. WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. SCTP and Vertical Handoff. Mobility. IPv6. RSVP: Resource Reservation Protocol. MPLS: MultiProtocol Label Switching. QoS: Quality-of-Service. SIP: Session Initiation Protocol. SIP Security. SIP Quality-of-Service Performance. Softswitch. IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem. Real-Time Protocols. RTCP: Real-Time Control Protocol. RTSP: Real-Time Streaming Protocol. VoIP: Voice over Internet Protocol. The VoIP Market. IPTV: Internet Protocol Television. Index. Each chapter includes a Summary, Practice Set: Review, Questions, Exercises, and References.

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Book SynopsisThis 3rd edition is updated in line with the 18th edition of the wiring regulations. This book is an essential guide to the City & Guilds 2391-50 and 51, and also C&G 2391-52. There is a full coverage of technical and legal terminology used in theory exams, including the structure of exam questions and their interpretation.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Statutory and non-statutory regulations. Certification and reports. Electrical safety. Installation Testing. Initial verification. Periodic inspection. Initial verification and periodic inspection. Further questions. Calculations related to circuit parameters. 2391-50, 51 & 52 syllabi. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the radical technological changes occurring due to Industry 4.0, with a focus on offering a better understanding of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It also presents a detailed analysis of interdisciplinary knowledge, numerical modeling and simulation, and the application of cyberphysical systems, where information technology and physical devices create synergic systems leading to unprecedented efficiency. The book focuses on industrial applications of automation and robotics. It covers recent developments and trends occurring in both computer-aided manufacturing techniques, as well as computer-aided assembly techniques. Robots using embedded systems and artificial intelligence applications are also covered. Industrial Automation and Robotics: Techniques and Applications offers theoretical results, practical solutions, and guidelines that are valuable for both researchers and those working in the area of engineering.Table of Contents1. IoT Based Embedded Sensor System for Real-Time Health Monitoring of Composite Structures for Large Scale Industrial Operations. 2. Computer Aided Ergonomic Design and Assembly of a Domestic String Hopper Machine. 3. Application of Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm in Electrochemical Machining Process Optimization. 4. Simulation for Decision Making in The Orthogonal Turning Operation of Three Different Aluminium Alloys Using John-Cook Plasticity Model and Damage Laws. 5. Development of Forward Kinematics of a Two-DOF Manipulator in MATLAB Environment. 6. Machine Learning Algorithms in Intellectual Robotics. 7. Application of 3D Printing and Robotics in Healthcare Industry. 8. Self-Repeating Robotic Arm – An Experimental Learning. 9. Robotics Applications and Its Impact in the Global Agricultural Sectors for Advancing Automation.

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Book SynopsisThe first edition of this ground-breaking and widely used book introduced a comprehensive textbook on radar systems analysis and design providing hands-on experience facilitated by its companion MATLAB software. The book very quickly turned into a bestseller. Based on feedback provided by several users and drawing from the author''s own teaching experience, the 4th edition adopts a new approach. The presentation in this edition takes the reader on a scientific journey whose major landmarks comprise the different radar sub-systems and components. Along the way, the different relevant radar subsystems are analyzed and discussed in great level of detail. Understanding the radar signal types and their associated radar signal processing techniques are key to understating how radar systems function. Each chapter provides the necessary mathematical and analytical coverage required for a sound understanding of radar theory. Additionally, dedicated MATLAB functions/programs enhTable of ContentsPreface........................................................................................................................................... xviiAuthor Bio..................................................................................................................................... xxiCompanion: MATLABM® Code - Disclaimer........................................................................xxiii1 Radar Definitions and Nomenclature.................................................................................12 Basic Radar Waveforms and Antenna............................................................................... 393 Radar Equation....................................................................................................................... 814 Radar Wave Propagation.................................................................................................... 1495 Elements of Signal Processing of the Radar Receiver................................................. 1856 Matched Filter...................................................................................................................... 2217 Pulse Compression.............................................................................................................. 2438 Radar Ambiguity Function................................................................................................2779 Radar Clutter........................................................................................................................ 32510 Moving Target Indicator and Pulsed Doppler Radars................................................34711 Random Variables and Random Processes....................................................................38512 Target Detection – Single Pulse Case.............................................................................. 40113 Detection of Fluctuating Targets...................................................................................... 41514 Radar Cross-Section............................................................................................................45315 Phased Arrays...................................................................................................................... 49116 Adaptive Signal Processing............................................................................................... 54117 Target Tracking.................................................................................................................... 56718 Synthetic Aperture Radar.................................................................................................. 623Bibliography.................................................................................................................................653Index..............................................................................................................................................659

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Book SynopsisThis book presents novel hybrid encryption algorithms that possess many different characteristics. In particular, Hybrid Encryption Algorithms over Wireless Communication Channels, examines encrypted image and video data for the purpose of secure wireless communications. A study of two different families of encryption schemes are introduced: namely, permutation-based and diffusion-based schemes. The objective of the book is to help the reader selecting the best suited scheme for the transmission of encrypted images and videos over wireless communications channels, with the aid of encryption and decryption quality metrics. This is achieved by applying number-theory based encryption algorithms, such as chaotic theory with different modes of operations, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and the RC6 in a pre-processing step in order to achieve the required permutation and diffusion. The Rubik's cube is used afterwards in order to maximize the number of permutations.TransmisTrade Review“ In this clearly written book, Shaheen studies methods of encrypting images and video for transmission over wireless communication systems, and methodically demonstrates several encryption algorithms. This text will certainly be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of wireless communications.”— J. M. Smith, Sonoma State University, Choice Feb 2022 Vol 59Table of ContentsIntroduction.Fundamentals of Image Encryption for Wireless Communication. Rubik’s Cube Encryption for Wireless Communications. Hybrid Rubik’s Cube Algorithm for Wireless Communications. Proposed Hybrid Encryption Frameworkfor Reliable 3-D Wireless Video Communications. Conclusions and Future Work. References.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the optical structure and optical properties of the human eye. It is divided into a number of short chapters with each chapter dedicated to a single theme. For ease of reference, the most commonly useful topics are at the beginning and topics with narrower appeal, such as ocular aberrations, are placed towards the end.Table of Contents1. The Human Eye: An Overview. 2. Refracting Components: Cornea and Lens. 3. The Pupil. 4. Axes of The Eyes. Chapter 5. Paraxial Schematic Eyes. 6. Image Formation: The Focused Paraxial Image. 7. Refractive Anomalies. 8 Measuring Refractive Errors. Chapter 9. Image Formation: The Defocused Paraxial Image. 10. Some Optical Effects of Ophthalmic Lenses. 11. Light and The Eye: Introduction. 12 Passage of Light into The Eye 13. Light Level at The Retina. 14. Light Interaction with The Fundus. 15. Monochromatic Aberrations. 16. Monochromatic aberrations of optical model eyes . 17. Chromatic Aberration. 18. Retinal Image Quality.19. Depth-Of-Field. 20. The Aging Eye. Appendix 1. Paraxial optics. Appendix 2. Seidel aberration theory. Appendix 3. Schematic eyes. Appendix 4. Refraction powers across the pupil. Appendix 5. Calculation of PSF and OTF from aberrations of an optical system.

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Book SynopsisMathematics is explained using over 550 practical engineering worked examples and interactive problems, for Level 2 and 3 engineering and A level courses. The companion website provides essential formulae, multiple choice tests, and full solutions for 1,900 further questions; and answers to revision tests for adopting course instructors.Table of ContentsSection 1: Number and Algebra 1. Revision of fractions, decimals, and percentages 2. Indices, standard form, and engineering notation 3. Binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers 4. Calculations and evaluation of formulae 5. Algebra 6. Further algebra 7. Partial fractions 8. Solving simple equations 9. Transposition of formulae 10. Solving simultaneous equations 11. Solving quadratic equations 12. Inequalities 13. Logarithms 14. Exponential functions 15. Number sequences 16. The binomial series Section 2: Trigonometry 17. Introduction to trigonometry 18. Trigonometric waveforms 19. Cartesian and polar co-ordinates 20. Triangles and some practical applications 21. Trigonometric identities and equations 22. Compound angles Section 3: Areas and volumes 23. Areas of common shapes 24. The circle and its properties 25. Volumes and surface areas of common solids 26. Irregular areas and volumes and mean values of waveforms Section 4: Graphs 27. Straight line graphs 28. Reduction of non-linear laws to linear form 29. Graphs with logarithmic scales 30. Graphical solution of equations 31. Functions and their curves Section 5: Complex numbers 32. Complex numbers 33. De Moivre’s theorem Section 6: Vectors 34. Vectors 35. Methods of adding alternating waveforms Section 7: Differential Calculus 36. Introduction to differentiation 37. Methods of differentiation 38. Some applications of differentiation 39. Solving equations by iterative methods 40. Maclaurin’s series 41. Differentiation of parametric equations 42. Differentiation of implicit functions 43. Logarithmic differentiation Section 8: Integral calculus 44. Standard integration 45. Integration using algebraic substitutions 46. Integration using trigonometric substitutions 47. Integration using partial fractions 48. The t = tan θ/2 substitution 49. Integration by parts 50. Numerical integration 51. Areas under and between curves 52. Mean and root mean square values 53. Volumes and solids of revolution 54. Centroids of simple shapes 55. Second moments of area Section 9: Differential equations 56. Introduction to differential equations Section 10: Further Number and algebra 57. Boolean algebra and logic circuits 58. The theory of matrices and determinants 59. The solution of simultaneous equations by matrices and determinants Section 11: Statistics 60. Presentation of statistical data 61. Mean, median, mode and standard deviation 62. Probability 63. The binomial and Poisson distribution 64. The normal distribution 65. Linear correlation 66. Linear regression 67. Sampling and estimation theories

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Book SynopsisIn the rapidly evolving landscape of the digital age, two technologies stand out for their transformative potential: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain. This book offers an incisive exploration of the confluence between these technological titans, shedding light on the synergies, challenges, and innovations that arise at this intersection. The chapters explore thought-provoking analyses, informed by cutting-edge research and expert perspectives, that navigate the nuanced interplay of decentralized ledger technology and intelligent systems. From potential applications in teaching and learning, finance, healthcare, and governance to ethical considerations and future trajectories, this volume serves as an essential compendium for scholars, professionals, and anyone keen to grasp the future of digital innovation.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction to battery technology 2. Thermodynamics of batteries 3. Electrochemical modeling of batteries 4. Thermal behavior of batteries 5. Battery thermal management systems 6. Battery system design 7. Integrated battery-based systems 8. Closing remarks and future directions on batteries and their thermal management

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Book SynopsisBasic Processes of Gaseous Electronics is an advanced exploration into the field of gaseous electronics, building upon the foundational work presented in the author's earlier book, Fundamental Processes of Electrical Discharge in Gases (1939). The earlier book provided a comprehensive review of the subject, addressing gaps in knowledge and methodology that had emerged over decades of research. The current volume acknowledges the transformative advances in technology, theory, and experimental methods made over the intervening fifteen years, including innovations in microwave techniques, short-duration pulsed potentials, and high-speed oscilloscopes. These developments have enabled deeper insights into phenomena such as electron-energy distributions, ionization, recombination, and the mechanisms underlying electrical discharge. This book incorporates significant theoretical and experimental progress, including refinements in the kinetic theory of nonequilibrium gases and analyses of e

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Book SynopsisThis book, first published in 2004, is an expanded and thoroughly revised edition of Tom Lee's acclaimed guide to the design of gigahertz RF integrated circuits. A new chapter on the principles of wireless systems provides a bridge between system and circuit issues. The chapters on low-noise amplifiers, oscillators and phase noise have been significantly expanded. The chapter on architectures now contains several examples of complete chip designs, including a GPS receiver and a wireless LAN transceiver, that bring together the theoretical and practical elements involved in producing a prototype chip. Every section has been revised and updated with findings in the field and the book is packed with physical insights and design tips, and includes a historical overview that sets the whole field in context. With hundreds of circuit diagrams and homework problems this is an ideal textbook for students taking courses on RF design and a valuable reference for practising engineers.Trade Review'Tom Lee has written a terrific book. Everyone that visits my office wants to borrow it, and I tell them to go buy their own.' David Rutledge, California Institute of Technology'Tom Lee's love of, and deep involvement in, radio-frequency integrated circuits is immediately obvious upon glancing through this excellent and original book. Some of his viewpoints are controversial; but this, in fact, makes this stimulating, hard-to-put-down book all the more interesting.' Yannis Tsividis, Columbia University'The first edition of this book, published in 1998, was a pioneering textbook on the field of RF CMOS design. This second edition is a very interesting and upgraded version that includes new material and revised topics … This second edition, which is upgraded and improved, is really useful, both in the industry and academia, for the new generation of RF engineers … and is a valuable reference for practising engineers …' IEEE Circuits and Devices MagazineTable of Contents1. A nonlinear history of radio; 2. Overview of wireless principles; 3. Passive RLC networks; 4. Characteristics of passive IC components; 5. A review of MOS device physics; 6. Distributed systems; 7. The Smith chart and S-parameters; 8. Bandwidth estimation techniques; 9. High-frequency amplifier design; 10. Voltage references and biasing; 11. Noise; 12. LNA design; 13. Mixers; 14. Feedback systems; 15. RF power amplifiers; 16. Phase-locked loops; 17. Oscillators and synthesizers; 18. Phase noise; 19. Architectures; 20. RF circuits through the ages.

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Book SynopsisSince the publication of the best-selling, highly acclaimed first edition, the technology and clinical applications of medical imaging have changed significantly. Gathering these developments into one volume, Webb's Physics of Medical Imaging, Second Edition presents a thorough update of the basic physics, modern technology and many examples of clinical application across all the modalities of medical imaging.New to the Second Edition Extensive updates to all original chapters Coverage of state-of-the-art detector technology and computer processing used in medical imaging 11 new contributors in addition to the original team of authors Two new chapters on medical image processing and multimodality imaging More than 50 percent new examples and over 80 percent new figures Glossary of abbreviations, color insert and contents lists at the beginning of each chapter Keeping the maTrade Review"For those who have the first edition and found it useful, this edition would be very worthwhile to purchase. Based on my (albeit limited) review, the editor and contributors have done a good job making extensive updates. …the advantage is that each chapter is written by one or more specialists. This would make an excellent reference for medical physicists and should be an excellent textbook for a second course in medical imaging..."—Steven T. Ratliff, PhD, St. Cloud State University, Minnesota, USA"… a cohesive textbook … The editor’s aim was to keep the contents in one, manageable book while retaining accessibility for student use. Overall, in spite of the many new developments included, the challenge has been met. Chapters on the main imaging modalities have been overhauled … replaced with up-to-date examples. … This book is excellent value for the money and a strong contender as a textbook for master’s level courses. Buy one early on, and this is a book that you’ll consult throughout your career."—Elizabeth Berry, SCOPE, June 2013"Possibly the most comprehensive book on the subject currently on the market."—Dr. Sandro Olivo, University College London"I do not feel that this book is intended for technologists trying to increase their knowledge in the clinical setting. Rather, it seems to be designed for technologists in a research setting or for graduate students. … Most of the diagrams and charts are easy to understand, and the glossary of abbreviations at the beginning of the book is helpful. … the book does explain reasons for artifacts in medical imaging so that they can be avoided as much as possible in daily practice. … useful to keep this reference text in the imaging department for technical questions that may arise."—Gail M. Kurpinski, Radiologic Technology, March/April 2013Praise for the First Edition:Steve Webb has produced a first-class book. Because The Physics of Medical Imaging is up to date in a rapidly changing field, it is the text of choice for teaching graduate research students in this new and exciting subspeciality of physics.—Physics Today… a worthwhile addition to the personal library of anyone connected with this field.—Journal of Clinical Physics and Physiological MeasurementFor all those requiring a comprehensive review of medical imaging techniques, at a fairly basic level, this text is highly recommended.—Australian PhysicistThis is a book well worth the money and I can strongly recommend it both as desk and bedside reading.—HPA BulletinDevelopments in digital radiography, together with an analysis of the computing requirements of the various techniques, complete this excellent text. The authors have done a remarkable job in covering such a wide subject so well in such a short book.—Image Processing MagazineThis is an excellent publication and represents much dedication and hard work on behalf of the authors and, in particular, the editor. —RAD MagazineTable of ContentsIn the Beginning: The Origins of Medical Imaging. Diagnostic Radiology with X-Rays. X-Ray Transmission Computed Tomography. Clinical Applications of X-Ray Computed Tomography in Radiotherapy Planning. Radioisotope Imaging. Diagnostic Ultrasound. Spatially Localised Magnetic Resonance. Physical Aspects of Infrared Imaging. Imaging of Tissue Electrical Impedance. Optical Imaging. Mathematics of Image Formation and Image Processing. Medical Image Processing. Perception and Interpretation of Images. Computer Requirements of Imaging Systems. Multimodality Imaging. Epilogue. Index.

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Book SynopsisAddressing topics from system elements and simple first- and second-order systems to complex lumped- and distributed-parameter models of practical machines and processes, this work details the utility of systems dynamics for the analysis and design of mechanical, fluid, thermal and mixed engineering systems. It emphasizes digital simulation and integrates frequency-response methods throughout.;College or university bookshops may order five or more copies at a special student price, available on request.Table of ContentsSystem elements, mechanical; system elements, electrical; system elements, fluid and thermal; basic energy converters; solution methods for differential equations; first-order systems; second-order systems and mechanical vibration fundamentals; general linear systems dynamics; distributed-parameter models. Appendices: A-viscosity of silicone damping fluids; B-units and conversion factors; thermal system properties.

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Book SynopsisMulti-Protocol Label Switch (MPLS) and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) are key technologies for next-generation IP backbone networks. Until now, however, engineers have been forced to search for technical papers on this subject and read them in an ad-hoc manner. At last there is a book that explains both MPLS and GMPLS concepts in a systematic way. GMPLS Technologies: Broadband Backbone Networks and Systems addresses the basic concepts, network architectures, protocols, and traffic engineering needed to operate MPLS and GMPLS networks. The book begins with an introduction of the nature and requirements of broadband networks. It describes the basics of control-oriented networks and Internet Protocol (IP).The text then examines the fundamentals of MPLS, explaining why MPLS is preferable to IP packet-based forwarding. This volume covers MPLS applications, details IP router structures, illustrates GMPLS, and explores important studies on traffic engineering in GMPLS Networks.Table of ContentsBroadband and Multimedia. Basic Mechanism of Connection Oriented Network. Connection Oriented Communications and ATM. Internet Protocol: IP. MPLS Basics. Application of MPLS. Structure of IP Router. GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching). Traffic-Engineering in Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Networks.

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Book SynopsisThe field of microwave engineering has undergone a radical transformation in recent years, as commercial wireless endeavors overtook defense and government work. The modern microwave and RF engineer must be knowledgeable about customer expectations, market trends, manufacturing technologies, and factory models to a degree that is unprecedented. Unfortunately, most of the available literature does not reflect this fact, but remains focused on high-performance, low-volume applications.Microwave and RF Product Applications helps resolve that deficiency. Editor Mike Golio culled its chapters from his bestselling RF and Microwave Handbook, incorporated critical updates contributed by the original authors, and organized the chapters into a practical, tightly focused reference. A complete table of contents at the front of the text makes finding specific answers quick and easy, and detailed lists of references in each chapter provide convenient access to the relevant expert literature.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION. Microwave and RF PRODUCT APPLICATIONS: Cellular Mobile Telephony. Nomadic Communications. Broadband Wireless Access: High Rate, Point to Multipoint, Fixed Antenna Systems. Digital European Cordless Telephone. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN). Wireless Personal Area Network Communications: An Application Overview. Satellite Communications Systems. Satellite-Based Cellular Communications. Electronic Navigation Systems. Microwave and Radio Frequency Avionics. Continuous Wave Radar. Pulse Radar. Electronic Warfare and Countermeasures. Automotive Radar. New Frontiers for RF/Microwaves in Therapeutic Medicine. CAD, SIMULATION, AND MODELING: System Simulation. Numerical Techniques for the Analysis and Design of RF/Microwave Structures. UNDERLYING PHYSICS: Maxwell's Equations. Wave Propagation in Free Space. Guided Wave Propagation and Transmission Lines. Effects of Multipath Fading in Wireless Communication Systems. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).

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Book SynopsisA Complete One-Stop ResourceWhile digital color is now the technology of choice for printers, the knowledge required to address the quality and productivity issues of these devices is scattered across several technologies, as is its supporting literature. Bringing together information from diverse fields, Control of Color Imaging Systems: Analysis and Design is the first book to provide comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals and algorithms of the numerous disciplines associated with digital color printing in a single resource. The authors review the history of digital printing systems, explore its current status, and explain fundamental concepts, including: digital image formation, sampling, quantization, image coding, spot color calibration, and one- and multi-dimensional tone control of color management systems â including process physics and controls.A Complete Self-Tutorial With Over 150 Design Examples and 1Trade Review"... brings together the technical fields of imaging systems and feedback control systems in a self-contained manner. ... an excellent addition to the literature on the analysis and design of color-imaging systems. It should be recommended to anyone who wants to become familiar with state-of-the-art techniques in these areas."-- Daniel Viassolo, Vestas Technology R&D, Power Plant Department, Houston, Texas Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. An Overview of Digital Printing Systems. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing. Mathematical Foundations. State-Variable Representation. Closed-Loop System Analysis and Design. Interpolation of Multidimensional Functions. Three-Dimensional Control of Color Management Systems. One-Dimensional, Two-Dimensional, and Spot-Color. Management and Control Methods. Internal Process Controls. Printing System Models. Appendices (A-C). Index.

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Book SynopsisBridging the gap between human-computer engineering and control engineering, Human Behavior Learning and Transfer delineates how to abstract human action and reaction skills into computational models. The authors include methods for modeling a variety of human action and reaction behaviors and explore processes for evaluating, optimizing, and transferring human skills. They also cover modeling continuous and discontinuous human control strategy and discuss simulation studies and practical real-life situations.The book examines how to model two main aspects of human behavior: reaction skills and action skills. It begins with a discussion of the various topics involved in human reaction skills modeling. The authors apply machine learning techniques and statistical analysis to abstracting models of human reaction control strategy. They contend that such models can be learned sufficiently to emulate complex human control behaviors in the feedback loop. The second half of thTable of ContentsIntroduction. Introduction to Human Reaction Skill Modeling. Leaning of Human Control Strategy: Continuous and Discontinuous. Validation of Human Control Strategy Models. Evaluation of Human Control Strategy. Performance Optimization of Human Control Strategy. Transfer of Human Control Strategy. Transferring Human Navigational Skills to Smart Wheelchair. Introduction to Human Action Skill Modeling. Global Parametric Methods for Dimension Reduction. Local Methods for Dimension Reduction. A Spline Smoother in Phase Space for Trajectory Fitting. Analysis of Human Walking Trajectories for Surveillance. Modeling of Facial and Full-Body Actions. Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThe days of troubleshooting a piece of gear armed only with a scope, voltmeter, and a general idea of how the hardware works are gone forever. As technology continues to drive equipment design forward, maintenance difficulties will continue to increase, and those responsible for maintaining this equipment will continue to struggle to keep up.The Electronic Systems Maintenance Handbook, Second Edition establishes a foundation for servicing, operating, and optimizing audio, video, computer, and RF systems. Beginning with an overview of reliability principles and properties, a team of top experts describes the steps essential to ensuring high reliability and minimum downtime. They examine heat management issues, grounding systems, and all aspects of system test and measurement. They even explore disaster planning and provide guidelines for keeping a facility running under extreme circumstances.Today more than ever, the reliability of a system can have a direct and immediate impact on the profitability of an operation. Advocating a carefully planned, systematic maintenance program, the richly illustrated Electronic Systems Maintenance Handbook helps engineers and technicians meet the challenges inherent in modern electronic equipment and ensure top quality performance from each piece of hardware.Trade Review"…should take its place as a fundamental work in general engineering reference…The handbook shares the very fine organization and multiple access points of other recent CRC Press handbooks…"-Science & Technology Librariesd take its place as a fundamental work in general engineering reference…The handbook shares the very fine organization and multiple access points of other recent CRC Press handbooks…"-Science & Technology LibrariesTable of ContentsProbability and Statistics. Electronic Hardware Reliability. Software Reliability. Thermal Properties. Heat Management. Shielding and EMI Considerations. Resistors and Resistive Materials. Capacitance and Capacitors. Inductors and Magnetic Properties. Printed Wiring Boards. Hybrid Microelectronics Technology. Surface Mount Technology. Semiconductor Failure Modes. Power System Protection Alternatives. Facility Grounding. Network Switching Concepts. Network Communication. Data Acquisition. Computer-Based Circuit Simulation. Audio Frequency Distortion Mechanisms and Analysis. Video Display Distortion Mechanisms and Analysis. Radio Frequency Distortion Mechanisms and Analysis. Digital Test Equipment and Measurement Systems. Fourier Waveform Analysis. Computer Based Signal Analysis. Systems Engineering Concepts. Disaster Planning and Recovery. Safety and Protection Systems. Conversion Tables. Index

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Book SynopsisToday, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning/ Deep Learning (ML/DL) have become the hottest areas in information technology. In our society, many intelligent devices rely on AI/ML/DL algorithms/tools for smart operations. Although AI/ML/DL algorithms and tools have been used in many internet applications and electronic devices, they are also vulnerable to various attacks and threats. AI parameters may be distorted by the internal attacker; the DL input samples may be polluted by adversaries; the ML model may be misled by changing the classification boundary, among many other attacks and threats. Such attacks can make AI products dangerous to use.While this discussion focuses on security issues in AI/ML/DL-based systems (i.e., securing the intelligent systems themselves), AI/ML/DL models and algorithms can actually also be used for cyber security (i.e., the use of AI to achieve security).Since AI/ML/DL security is a newly emergent field, many researchers and industry professionals cannot yet obtain a detailed, comprehensive understanding of this area. This book aims to provide a complete picture of the challenges and solutions to related security issues in various applications. It explains how different attacks can occur in advanced AI tools and the challenges of overcoming those attacks. Then, the book describes many sets of promising solutions to achieve AI security and privacy. The features of this book have seven aspects: This is the first book to explain various practical attacks and countermeasures to AI systems Both quantitative math models and practical security implementations are provided It covers both securing the AI system itself and using AI to achieve security It covers all the advanced AI attacks and threats with detailed attack models It provides multiple solution spaces to the security and privacy issues in AI tools The differences among ML and DL security and privacy issues are explained Many practical security applications are covered

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Book SynopsisArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly impacting many aspects of people's lives across the globe, from relatively mundane technology to more advanced digital systems that can make their own decisions. While AI has great potential, it also holds great peril depending on how it is designed and used. AI for Diversity questions how AI technology can lead to inclusion or exclusion for diverse groups in society. The way data is selected, trained, used, and embedded into societies can have unfortunate consequences unless we critically investigate the dangers of systems left unchecked, and can lead to misogynistic, homophobic, racist, ageist, transphobic, or ableist outcomes. This book encourages the reader to take a step back to see how AI is impacting diverse groups of people and how diversity-awareness strategies can impact AI.Trade Review"The book is written in a really approachable way for non-specialists and will engage introductory and interdisciplinary audiences. The sections on gender and queering AI are particularly strong, and the book is a highly worthy and important contribution for those chapters alone." --Ashley Shew, Associate Professor, Virginia TechTable of Contents1.Opening the Black Box of AI. 2. Gendered AI: performativity, expectations, and sexism. 3. Queering AI: gender expression, identity, and binaries. 4. AI and Race: recognition, bias, and systemic issues. 5. Bodies and AI: Health, ageing, and disabilities. 6. AI and Class: socioeconomic issues reproduced by technology. 7. Intersectionality and Responsible AI.

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