Elections and referenda / suffrage Books

Book SynopsisExamining the nature of public opinion in democratic societies, this Handbook succinctly illustrates the importance of public opinion as an instrument of popular control and democratic accountability. Expert contributors in the field provide a thorough review of a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of this timely topic.The concise but comprehensive chapters investigate the theoretical value of biological, contextual, psychological, sociological and economic perspectives when exploring public opinion. The Handbook also demonstrates useful insights that can be generated from quantitative or qualitative research designs from both an observational and experimental perspective. Furthermore, its informative assessment of the origins and structure of how public opinion is formed allows for a greater understanding of how policies are developed as a result.Providing a state-of-the-art review, this Handbook will be an excellent study resource for scholars of public opinion in political science, sociology and psychology. Political practitioners, particularly government officials, political operatives and pollsters will also find this informative and illuminating.Trade Review‘In the face of widespread polarisation, democracies in retreat, and crises of global proportions, a need has arisen to explore the individual and societal causes, interactions, and implications of these profound developments. This impressively comprehensive Handbook addresses this challenging task by focusing on the central role of public opinion, leaving hardly any question unanswered.’ -- Sonja Zmerli, Sciences Po Grenoble, France‘Two things make this volume entirely irresistible. The first is the line-up of quite prominent, well-versed, and insightful scholars contributing chapters, and the second is the breadth and depth of public opinion topics covered. I started reading this book by ticking off in the table of contents the chapters I wanted to read closely. I was then amazed to find that I had selected nearly all the chapters. This Handbook will prove invaluable for students of public opinion, including undergraduates, graduate students, and the professoriate.’ -- James Gibson, Washington University in St. Louis, USTable of ContentsContents: 1 Public opinion and democracy 1 Thomas J. Rudolph PART I THE MEANING AND MEASUREMENT OF PUBLIC OPINION 2 Diagnosing survey response quality 10 D. Sunshine Hillygus and Tina LaChapelle 3 The quantitative assessment of public opinion 26 Allyson L. Holbrook and Joanne M. Miller 4 The qualitative study of public opinion 41 Katherine J. Cramer 5 Implicit attitudes and mass political opinion 54 Efrén O. Pérez and Bianca V. Vicuña PART II THE ORIGINS OF PUBLIC OPINION 6 Genopolitics 71 Gergő Závecz and Levente Littvay 7 Personality, public opinion, and politics 83 Megan L. Remmel and Jeffery J. Mondak 8 Political socialization 99 Marc Hooghe PART III THE STRUCTURE OF PUBLIC OPINION 9 The conditional nature of ideology in mass publics 112 Nathan P. Kalmoe 10 Core values 128 Paul Goren 11 Ambivalence in mass politics 141 Marco Steenbergen 12 Partisanship and public opinion 168 Ianne S. Wang and Samara Klar 13 Race and public opinion: American dilemma, American divide 178 Davin L. Phoenix and Francisco Jasso 14 Public opinion and gender 193 Mary-Kate Lizotte 15 The religious politics of threat in religion and politics research 208 Paul A. Djupe PART IV ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON PUBLIC OPINION 16 Electoral geography, political behavior and public opinion 224 James G. Gimpel and Andrew Reeves 17 Media effects and news exposure: new forms of data to address old questions 241 Susan Banducci, Laszlo Horvath, Ekaterina Kolpinskaya and Daniel Stevens 18 Affective polarization in the American public 257 James N. Druckman and Jeremy Levy PART V THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PUBLIC OPINION 19 Heuristics and cues 272 Cheryl Boudreau 20 Emotions in politics: The relevance of groups 283 Bethany Albertson and Benjamin T. White 21 Motivated reasoning in politics 298 Eric Groenendyk PART VI PUBLIC OPINION AND DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP 22 Political knowledge 313 Jennifer Wolak 23 Political tolerance in an age of liberal democratic backsliding 328 Mark Peffley and Robert Rohrschneider 24 New thrusts and new opportunities in the study of citizen performance in democratic societies 341 James H. Kuklinski and Benjamin Miller PART VII PUBLIC OPINION AND GOVERNMENT 25 The nature of political trust in mass publics 355 Marc J. Hetherington and Thomas J. Rudolph 26 On collective representation 369 Ross Buchanan, Megan Dias, and Christopher Wlezien 27 Courts and public opinion: a critical review 382 Brandon L. Bartels PART VIII PUBLIC OPINION AND PUBLIC POLICY 28 Economic opinion 399 Spencer Goidel and Paul M. Kellstedt 29 Economic self-interest in public opinion about immigration 411 Morris Levy and Matthew Wright 30 Public opinion and foreign policy: beyond the “electoral connection” 428 Peter Gries and Tao Wang Index

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Book SynopsisRecent U.S. elections have defied nationwide majority preference at the White House, Senate, and House levels. This work of interdisciplinary scholarship explains how ''winner-take-all'' and single-member district elections make this happen, and what can be done to repair the system. Proposed reforms include the National Popular Vote interstate compact (presidential elections); eliminating the Senate filibuster; and proportional representation using Ranked Choice Voting for House, state, and local elections. This timely analysis of election law and politics outlining key structural election reforms combines distinct analysis of presidential, Senate, and U.S. House elections reforms, while also addressing reforms at the state and local government level. The author argues for fundamental structural changes to U.S. elections like Proportional Representation and Ranked Choice Voting, without requiring any constitutional amendments. Analysis of recent political developments such as progress on the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, the adoption of Ranked Choice Voting state-wide in Maine, and the 2018 Supreme Court gerrymandering cases add real-world relevance and applicability. This sharp examination of a flawed system is vital reading for students and scholars involved in election law and political science, and is approachable enough for lay readers interested in politics and reform as well. 'Rethinking US Election Law is a timely, well-written argument in favour of electoral reform in the United States. It advances achievable solutions that could go a long way towards solving the country's current democratic breakdown, and is an excellent read for anyone interested in ''unskewing the system''.' - Erica Frazier, LSE Review 'Steven Mulroy's Rethinking US Election Law is a concise and refreshing book on US election law. The book takes the reader on a tour through the various and profound shortcomings of the country's reliance on single-member districts (SMDs) and demonstrates that, so long as these SMDs remain the principal building block of US elections, little can be done to resolve the many ailments that afflict the process. It is a powerful, thoughtfully-reasoned and clearly-written argument in favor of electoral reform.. . . Mulroy offers a compelling argument for electoral reform that should be required reading for the next redistricting cycle or for any undergraduate class on voting rights and redistricting. Even the most skeptical critic would have difficulty refuting his analysis.' - American Political Science Association 'Exceptionally well written, organized and presented, Rethinking US Election Law is a seminal work of outstanding scholarship that is as thoughtful as it is thought-provoking. . . (it) is an especially and unreservedly recommended addition to community, academic, governmental Contemporary Political Science collections and supplemental studies reading lists for students, academia, political activists, and non-specialist general readers with an interest in the subject.' - John Taylor, Midwest Book ReviewTrade Review'Mulroy unpacks the electoral systems of the United States, laying bare their shortcomings and proposing some imminently sensible reforms to bring our elections back in line with those basic democratic assumptions. . . Mulroy's depth of analysis, carefully thought-out conclusions and overall presentation deserve significant credit.' --FairVote'Professor Mulroy has written a bold prescription for a constructive path forward on the Electoral College, the Senate, and our winner-take-all consequences. His work is must-reading for those working to improve, perhaps save, our democracy.' --Don Beyer, US Representative, Virginia's 8th Congressional District'From the Electoral College to the Senate to partisan gerrymandering of the House and state legislatures, the U.S. election system skews to favor the interests of some over the interests of a majority of Americans. Steven Mulroy makes the case for unskewing and democratizing American politics, and he offers a path to get it done. A clear argument in favor of radical reform of American politics.' --Richard L. Hasen, University of California, Irvine, US and author of The Justice of Contradictions: Antonin Scalia and the Politics of DisruptionTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. The Electoral College 3. The Senate 4. House Gerrymandering 5. Judicial Policing of Gerrymanders 6. Nonpartisan Redistricting Commissions 7. Instant Runoff Voting 8. Proportional Representation and the Single Transferable Vote 9. State and Local Applications 10. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThe design of an electoral system is fundamental to any democracy. It is through electoral systems that the commitment of a society to a political system is achieved. The peculiarities of an electoral system assume significant importance in periods in which democratic polities seem caught between a crisis of confidence in their representative systems and mass apathy over the product of government - as has recently occurred in Italy.Electoral rules constrain available choice alternatives and therefore have profound effects on governance of a country since different electoral rules generate different outcome patterns even with no change in the identity of candidates. The two most common electoral schemes are proportional representation and plurality. The theoretical debate concerning these two systems is of intense interest not least because of the importance of finding a stable, democratic and representative institutional structure that can be employed worldwide. This topical book analyses the change of electoral rules in Italy from proportional representation toward plurality. While Italy is used as the illustrative case, the analysis has far-ranging theoretical and practical implications, and will therefore be of interest to academics and researchers of political economy, constitutionalism and public choice.Trade Review'The book reaches well beyond an evaluation of the immediate public choice consequences of operating under alternative voting rules. . . . This book offers insights into the dynamics of electoral reform and the political consequences of such reform that should fascinate all serious students of public choice and political science.' -- From the foreword by Charles K. Rowley, The Locke Institute and George Mason University, USTable of ContentsContents: Foreword by Charles K. Rowley Part I: Introduction 1. Overview 2. A History of the Italian Political System – 1913 to the Present Part II: Economics and Elections: The Key Tools 3. The Economics of Elections – A Review of the Literature 4. Electoral Systems, Electoral Formulae and Italian Electoral Rules Part III: Choices Between Rules 5. Information and Voting in Municipal Elections 6. Information, Proportionality and Power Dilution in Provisional Elections Part IV: Choices Subject to Rules 7. Party Electoral Strategies under the New Rules 8. Political Coalition Formation under the New Rules Part V: Rules, Choice and Strategy 9. Election Simulation and the Nature of Constitutional Choices 10. Summary and Evaluation Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisExplores the many issues surrounding by-elections in the period which saw the extension of the franchise, the introduction of the ballot, and the demise of most dual member constituencies. Between the 1832 Great Reform Act and the outbreak of World War One in 1914, over 2,600 by-elections took place in Britain. They were triggered by the death, retirement or resignation of sitting MPs or by the appointment of cabinet ministers and were a regular feature of Victorian and Edwardian politics. They furnished political parties and their leaders with a crucial tool for gauging and mobilising public opinion. Yet despite the prominence of by-election contests in the historical records of this period, scholars have paid relatively little attention to them. As this book shows, these elections deserve to be taken as seriously today as people took them at the time. They providedimportant linkages between local and national politics, between the four parts of the United Kingdom and Westminster, and between foreign and domestic affairs. They are vital to understanding the evolving electioneering machineries, the varying language of electoral contests, the traction that particular issues had with a growing and frequently volatile electorate, and the fluctuating fortunes of the political parties. This book, consisting of original work by leading political historians, provides the first synoptic study of this important subject. It will be required reading for historians and students of modern British political history, as well as specialists in electoralhistory and politics. T. G. Otte is Professor of Diplomatic History at the University of East Anglia. He is the author and/or editor of some thirteen books. Among the most recent is The Foreign Office Mind: The Making of British Foreign Policy, 1865-1914; Paul Readman is Senior Lecturer in Modern British History at King's College London. He is the author of Land and Nation in England: Patriotism, National Identity and the Politics of Land 1880-1914. Contributors: Luke Blaxill, Angus Hawkins, Geoffrey Hicks, Phillips Payson O'Brien, T.G. Otte, Ian Packer, Gordon Pentland, Paul Readman, Kathryn Rix, Matthew Roberts, Philip Salmon, Anthony TaylorTrade ReviewFills a significant gap in the study of British politics... Anyone reading this volume will be left with much to think about, arguments to agree and disagree with, and their understanding of Victorian and Edwardian politics enriched. * JOURNAL OF LIBERAL HISTORY *An important and impressive collection that will convince students and specialists of modern British history that they should invest Victorian and Edwardian by-elections with the same significance as did contemporaries. * PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY *A stimulating and rewarding book. * JOURNAL OF BRITISH STUDIES *A very important addition to the political history of the period [that] deserves to be intensively used by historians. * PARLIAMENTARY AFFAIRS *The first synoptic study of the subject, an important one for understanding of the movement and expression of political opinion in various parts of the country. * NORTHERN HISTORY *This new edited collection fills an important historiographical gap whilst also showcasing some of the newest and most innovative research in political and electoral history. [.]Making a strong and convincing claim for the significance of by-elections, it is an important addition and therefore comes highly recommended to academics and students alike. * REVIEWS IN HISTORY *Table of ContentsIntroduction - T. G. Otte and Paul Readman 'Plumping Contests': The Impact of By-elections on English Voting Behaviour, 1790-1868 - Philip Salmon Government Appointment By-elections: 1832-86 - Angus Hawkins 'We should have had 1,000': The By-elections of the 1874 Parliament - Geoffrey Hicks 'The Glamour of Independence': By-elections and Radicalism during the Liberal Meridian, 1869-83 - Antony Taylor 'The Swing of the Pendulum at Home': By-elections and Foreign Policy, 1865-1914 - T. G. Otte By-elections and the Modernisation of Party Organisation, 1867-1914 - Kathryn Rix 'A Terrific Outburst of Political Meteorology': By-elections and the Unionist Electoral Ascendancy in Late-Victorian England - Matthew Roberts Land Reform and By-elections, 1885-1914: Do By-elections Matter? - Ian Packer Edwardian By-elections - Paul Readman and Luke Blaxill Lloyd George, Limehouse and the Realignment of British Politics: The Bermondsey By-election of 1909 - Phillips Payson O'Brien By-elections and the Peculiarities of Scottish Politics, 1832-1900 - Gordon Pentland

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Book SynopsisElectoral and parliamentary arenas play a crucial role in the configuration and dynamics of modern polities. This book explores the practices of citizenship and unveils the fabric of representation in the Iberian countries, during a significant period of liberal politics, that is, from its apogee to its collapse (from the 1870s to the 1920s). Part One examines the evolution of electoral norms and behaviour, as well as the recruitment profile of MPs. Portugal and Spain share fundamental features, such as the extensive clientelistic mobilisation of voters, the dissemination of fraud and corruption, the supremacy of governmental parties and the prevalence of the politics of notables. Part Two focuses on Parliament, questioning constitutional models, internal procedures, legislative action and political activity, as well as coetaneous perceptions and images of the institution and its actors as portrayed in novels, newspaper chronicles, cartoons and photographic reports. This collection of essays offers a detailed and cogent analysis, as well as a vivid picture, of the politics of representation in Portuguese and Spanish liberalism, revealing significant similarities and differences through cross-country comparisons.Trade ReviewThis excellent volume, by leading authorities in the field, is a welcome addition to the steadily growing interest in the history of elections and parliaments in the Iberian world. -- Professor Eduardo Posada-Carbo, Oxford UniversityThe book opens a window onto political life that transforms our understanding of the emergence of modern politics in the southern edge of Europe. -- Professor Daniel Ziblatt, Harvard UniversityAn excellent, professional account of elections and parliaments in Spain and Portugal before democracy. -- Professor Jose Varela Ortega, Chairman of Jose Ortega y Gasset-Gregorio Maranon Foundation

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Book SynopsisWhy do dictatorships have elections? Dictatorship and the Electoral Vote analyses the role of elections in two dictatorships that were born in the Era of Fascism but survived up to the 1970s: the Portuguese New State and Francoism. A comparative study of the electoral vote held by both dictatorships is revealing at many organizational and structural levels. The multiple political interactions involved in elections worldwide have been subject to social science scrutiny but rarely encompass historical context. The analysis of the electoral vote held by Iberian dictatorships is uniquely placed to link the two. The issues to hand include: drawing of electoral rolls; evolution of the number of people allowed to vote; candidate selection processes; propaganda methods; impact on the institutional structure of the regime; the socio-political biographies of the candidates; the electoral turnout and final tally; relationship between the central and peripheral authorities of the state; and the viewpoint of regime authorities on the holding of elections. Comparative analysis of all these issues enables a better understanding of the political nature of these dictatorships as well as a comprehensive explanation of the historical roots and evolution of the elections these dictatorship held since 1945. Based on primary archival documents, some of them never previously accessed, the book offers a detailed explanation of how these dictatorships used elections to consolidate their political authority and provides a historical approach that allows placing both countries in the framework of European electoral history and in the history of the political evolution of Iberian dictatorships between the Axis defeat and their breakdown in the mid-seventies.

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Book SynopsisIn this important new book, Gordon Tullock, a founding father of the public choice school, provides a formal analysis of the foundations of decision making. Voting procedures are crucial to Western democratic governments but are also employed in dictatorial governments, private clubs, corporations and religious organizations. This comprehensive book examines the many techniques of voting and the different outcomes in different situations. Gordon Tullock's analysis begins by using a simple model in which individuals vote in terms of their own preferences. It is assumed that the voters are well informed, their preferences are reasonably firm and there are no trades or bargains made among voters. These assumptions are then relaxed in order to make the analysis more realistic. Special attention is given to Arrow's work and the idea that people do not always vote according to simple preferences. The author discusses the phenomenon of 'throwing a vote away' or the possibility of an individual voting against their preference if offered something in return. After considering strategic voting, situations where voters engage in trades between one another and the lack of perfect information, Gordon Tullock examines a voter's options and the idea that individuals may rank options in degrees of their preferred outcomes. He also explores the possibility of preferences changing over time, why some issues are put up to vote and others are not, and situations where individuals voting with the same preferences, but in different voting systems, result in different outcomes.On Voting expands present thinking in the Public Choice school and provides a forum for creating new paradigms in the school as well as changing the focus and scope of current studies. It encourages new research by suggesting areas where more work should be done. The book will be of special interest to political scientists as well as those interested in public policy and political economy.Trade Review'Gordon Tullock has once again written an insightful and stimulating book. While political scientists who are not familiar with the public choice literature will find the book accessible, it can also be recommended to public choice scholars who are interested in suggestions for future research. . . . Gordon Tullock . . . has once again written a highly interesting book in an entertaining style. This book is a valuable addition to the impressive work done by one of the pioneers of public choice.'Table of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Myths 3. Some Simple but Confusing Mathematics 4. Choice of Alternatives 5. Simple Vote Trades 6. Direct Voting with Log-Rolling 7. More Complicated Log-Rolling 8. Efficiency in Log-Rolling 9. Directions of Representives 10. Voting, Different Methods and General Considerations Appendix A Bouquet of Voting Methods Index

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Book SynopsisThroughout the formerly communist world a single party monopoly has been replaced by multi-party politics and competitive elections. Drawing on the most recent work of the leading specialists in modern Russian politics, this path-breaking volume marks a decisive advance in our understanding of the relationships between voters, political parties and the conduct of the government in what is still the world's largest country.Issues addressed include: the effects of the electoral system and of electoral campaigns regional dimensions of party support parties in the state Duma and the uncertain evolution of a post-communist party system< the turnout of voters for elections leader popularity and party development ideological divisions and party-building the divisions between the left and right Written in a clear, accessible style, this book links developments in Russia to general themes in political science, and especially to other post-communist countries. It will be welcomed by scholars and students of the development and transformation of post-communist politics, and by a wider readership in comparative politics.Trade Review -- Michael McFaul, Slavic Review 'Students of Russian public opinion and electoral behavior will find this book must reading. Particularly suitable for graduate students, researchers, and specialists.'– T.D. Clark, ChoiceTable of ContentsContents: 1. Elections and Voters in the New Russia 2. To Vote or Not to Vote 3. Regional Patterns of Voter Turnout in Russian Elections, 1993–96 4. The Emerging Structure of Partisan Divisions in Russian Politics 5. Leader Popularity and Party Development in Post-Soviet Russia 6. Ideological Divisions and Party-Building Prospects in Post-Soviet Russia 7. Ideology and Russian Mass Politics 8. The Mystery of Opponents of Economic Reform among the Yeltsin Voters 9. Consistency and Change among Russian Voters 10. The CPRF: Towards Social Democracy or National Socialism? Appendices Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first of its kind: a monograph devoted to a systematic critical examination and exposition of the theory of a priori voting power. This important branch of social-choice theory overlaps with game theory and is concerned with the ability of members in bodies that make yes or no decisions by vote to affect the outcome. The book includes, among other topics, a reasoned distinction between two fundamental types of voting power, the authors' discoveries on the paradoxes of voting power, and a novel analysis of decision rules that admit abstention.Formal mathematical statements are accompanied by reader-friendly informal explanations. The theory is applied and illustrated in extensive case studies. A series of US court cases concerning the application of the principle of 'one person, one vote' are critically examined in the light of the theory. The history of 'qualified majority voting' in the European Community's Council of Ministers is outlined and the distribution of voting power under this rule is analysed for each period of the community's growth. The measurement of voting power where abstention is a distinct option is illustrated with the examples of the US Congress and the UN Security Council.This important book breaks new ground and will be of interest to students and researchers in social choice, game theory, and in related disciplines such as political economy, business administration and constitutional law.Trade Review'The book under review is of exceptional interest for a wide range of potential readers: 1) for students and postgraduates as a basic textbook and a handbook; 2) for lecturers delivering courses connected with decision making as the source of mathematical models and real examples; 3) for researchers as a handbook as well as an inexhaustible source of unsolved problems.' -- V.G. Skobolev, Zentralblatt fur Mathematik und ihre Grenzgebiete'Felsenthal and Machover's book is a well-balanced mixture of overview, evaluation and new results. It is both a fine scholarly achievement and a most readable text. No one working in the field of formal political theory, institutional design and/or applied social choice theory can afford to ignore it.' -- Hannu Nurmi, European Journal of Political Economy'. . . provides a systematic critical examination and exposition of the foundations and methodological presuppositions of the theory of a priori voting power. . . . it will prove to be a very valuable source of reference and a starting point for every scholar doing research in the field of voting power analysis. The book or parts of it could also be used as a standard textbook for a course on voting power at an advanced graduate level . . . The Measurement of Voting Power is an excellent book, full of stimulating insights and with some suggestions for future research. It is mathematically rigorous, but at the same time very reader-friendly due to informative informal explanations. It is at the cutting edge of research in the theory and measurement of a priori voting power, but it is also of practical and political relevance, insofar as it provides a sound basis for the analysis of real-life decision-making processes.' -- Matthias Sutter, Public Choice'This book provides an extensive survey in the field of voting power measurement (and further), well documented and self contained. . . . The book provides a very up-to-date and exhaustive bibliography, but does not neglect to remind and often clear up the historical origin of the various theoretical developments. Covering its subject widely, it presents not only the groundwork of the theory of voting power measurement and its main tools . . . but also the related backgrounds, applications and discussions, with wide incursions into the US and European voting systems. Read it: its a must!' -- Gisele De Meur, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium'To say that this book is excellent would be an understatement. It is really remarkable. Not only would it help people using power indices to redirect their analysis, but it could also incite game theorists in general to reconsider the bad opinion they have of cooperative game theory (must I say that there are several texts that exist on game theory in which cooperative game theory is hardly mentioned?). In brief, it is very highly recommended to social choice theorists, game theorists (and mathematical economists using game theory), and mathematically-inclined political scientists.' -- Maurice Salles, Social Choice and Welfare'This is an excellent book. Felsenthal and Machover do a remarkable job of weaving together extended discussions of real-world voting systems, the philosophical and historical aspects of measuring power in such contexts, and the paradoxes of voting power - including the striking examples from their own recent work with Zwicker. Anyone interested in voting and social choice, mathematicians, economists, political scientists, philosophers should own a copy.' -- Alan Taylor, Union College, US'The history of the power indices goes back more than fifty years and is told accurately and completely, for the first time, in this volume. More important, Felsenthal and Machover elucidate the conceptual foundations of the power indices, discover new paradoxes to which the various indices are vulnerable, and draw important lessons, using empirical cases, about the proper measurement and interpretation of voting power.' -- Steven Brams, New York University, US'Dan Felsenthal and Moshe Machover have been writing stimulating and important papers on the voting power indices for several years. This book collects them together and adds new material. It is both mathematically rigorous and politically important. It will become a required reference for anyone working on weighted voting games, whether in US legislatures or the European Union.' -- Iain McLean, Nuffield College, Oxford University, UK'This book pulls no punches in exposing confusions in the orthodox approach to voting power. Its clarity and good sense point the way to a better founded theory.' -- Ken Binmore, University College London, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Groundwork of the Theory 3. Power as Influence 4. Weighted Voting in the US 5. Weighted Voting in the CMEC 6. Power as a Prize 7. Paradoxes and Postulates 8. Taking Abstention Seriously Appendix

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Book SynopsisThe 2008 campaign for President of the USA has attracted more attention and prompted more people to get out and vote in caucuses and primaries than any other. It has also been kind of crazy: the initial line-up of contenders were a black man, a woman, an Italian-American, a POW held in solitary confinement for years, a millionaire Mormon, a Latino, a bass guitar playing former preacher and a Vegan who has seen a UFO. Vote for Me reveals what it takes to become president of the biggest democracy of them all. Written by Australian journalist and News Radio presenter John Barron, who happens to be a US politics junkie, Vote for Me is a fascinating, funny and, at times frightening, look at the way the USA picks its President.

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Book SynopsisThis book is the second volume in the Palgrave Studies in Political Marketing and Management series to focus on political marketing and management in New Zealand’s general elections. Co-edited by political marketing experts Edward Elder and Jennifer Lees-Marshment from the University of Auckland, and with contributions from academics and practitioners, this book covers topics including political strategy, Vote Compass, market research, political branding, delivery marketing, targeting and political communication. Importantly, this book looks at the use of political marketing and management during a global health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, this book provides valuable insights into political marketing and management in practice, not just for New Zealand, but for political leaders, parties and campaigners around the world. Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Introduction: Political Marketing & Management in New Zealand, 2017-2020Chapter 2 – Vote Compass 2020 Part 1: Public Views on Policy and Leadership Chapter 3 – Labour and National’s Market-Orientation in 2020 Chapter 4 - Communicating Market-Oriented Leadership During the COVID-19 Pandemic Chapter 5 – Delivering in Government Chapter 6 – Targeting Party Policies and Target Demographics Chapter 7 –Targeting in Political Adverts by Major and Minor Parties social media Chapter 8 - Political Marketing and Management in Practice: The Practitioner Perspectives Chapter 9 - Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an in-depth look into key political dynamics that obtain in a democracy without parties, offering a window into political undercurrents increasingly in evidence throughout the Latin American region, where political parties are withering. For the past three decades, Peru has showcased a political universe populated by amateur politicians and the dominance of personalism as the main party–voter linkage form. The study peruses the post-2000 evolution of some of the key Peruvian electoral vehicles and classifies the partisan universe as a party non-system. There are several elements endogenous to personalist electoral vehicles that perpetuate partylessness, contributing to the absence of party building. The book also examines electoral dynamics in partyless settings, centrally shaped by effective electoral supply, personal brands, contingency, and iterated rounds of strategic voting calculi. Given the scarcity of information electoral vehicles provide, as well as the enormously complex political environment Peruvian citizens inhabit, personal brands provide readymade informational shortcuts that simplify the political world. The concept of “negative legitimacy environments” is furnished to capture political settings comprised of supermajorities of floating voters, pervasive negative political identities, and a generic citizen preference for newcomers and political outsiders. Such environments, increasingly present throughout Latin America, produce several deleterious effects, including high political uncertainty, incumbency disadvantage, and political time compression. Peru’s “democracy without parties” fails to deliver essential democratic functions including governability, responsiveness, horizontal and vertical accountability, or democratic representation, among others. Table of Contents1. Introduction: Latin America's Party System Trends1.1 Party system deinstitutionalization1.2 Party system collapses and post-collapse dynamics1.3 Regime-level consequences 2. Peru's Parties: Autonomy, Coherence and Social Rootedness2.1 Introduction2.2 The Fate of Traditional Parties in Post-Fujimori Peru2.2.1 APRA 2.2.1.1 Autonomy 2.2.1.2 Coherence,2.2.1.3 Social rootedness2.2.2 The Right and Center Right: Partido Popular Crisitano and Accion Popular2.2.3 The Fractured Left2.3 The Taxi Parties of the Post Fujimorato Period2.3.1 Peru Posible2.3.2 Fujimorismo2.3.2.1 A real Party?2.3.2.2 Autonomy, coherence and social rootedness2.3.2.3 The future of Fujimorismo 2.3.3 Partido Nacionalista Peruano2.3.3.1 Autonomy 2.3.3.2 Coherence2.3.3.3 Social rootedness2.4 Conclusion3. Peru's Party Non-System: Traits and Dynamics3.1 Introduction3.2 What is a Party Non-System?3.3 Why Pery qualifies as a Party Non-System3.3.1 Persistently high extra-systemic volatility3.3.2 Absence of Systemic Parties3.4 Electoral Dynamics of Peru’s Non System3.4.1 Absence of Programmatic Structuration3.4.2 Personalistic party-voter linkages3.5 The Primacy of Party Supply over Demand3.6 The Importance of Strategic Voting3.7 Prospects for Party System Reconstruction3.8 Conclusion4. Conclusions

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses multiple ways of voting in a democratic system and explains the basis of more consensual politics. Without delving into too much technical argument or too many mathematical examples, it aims to show that binary decision-making is blunt, primitive, divisive, and sometimes inaccurate; prove that other methodologies are more accurate and, therefore, more democratic; highlight more inclusive and effective voting procedures; discuss electoral reforms for national parliaments and international forums like the UN Security Council and COP26/27. The book is written not just for academia, or for the politicians and journalists, or for other specialists; it is for the general public: for students still at school, for voters in society at large, and for activists in umpteen NGOs.“…the West's relentless pursuit of binary voting… has been a cause of countless tragedies. This book is brilliant: political controversies should rarely if ever be 'resolved' by majority vote.”Arend Lijphart, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of California, San Diego“[for] those who do not believe in a black-or-white world… a very important and extremely timely contribution…”Věra Stojarová, Associate Professor of Political Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic“Peter’s challenge to the binary “win-lose” approach is urgently necessary, as is his proposal for an eminently more reasonable, accountable, and participatory system.”Dr. Valery Perry, Democratization Policy Council, Sarajevo“…the preferential points vote… would be the more accurate way to make decisions, and the consequences far more peaceful.”Lord Boyce, House of Lords“He builds a case for a specific version of preferential procedure, not only for elections, but for decision making as well.”Hannu Nurmi, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of Turku, Finland“A particularly strong plea in favour of voting procedures… which go far beyond the usual 'yes or no' ballots. [He uses] an alert prose and a wealth of illuminating and easily graspable examples.” Maurice Salles, Emeritus Professor, Université de Caen NormandieTrade Review“The Punter’s Guide, he gives a survey of voting and of decision making processes and systems … . He looks beyond just ‘western’ practices ... he makes it easy to understand through explanation as well as his engaging style of writing. Throughout his work he offers a different model for elections or other decisionmaking processes. ... Emerson’s long history of work on this issue remains evergreen, and the tools being freely offered online remove any excuses … .” (Valery Perry, democratizationpolicy.org, October, 2023)Table of ContentsChapter 1. AI, Artificial Incompetence – The Ubiquitous Use of Binary Voting.- Chapter 2. Oh Lord, Give Me Consensus, but not Yet – Pluralism is Possible.- Chapter 3. The Art and Science of Compromise.- Chapter 4. The GOAT is a GNU – Electing an All-party Power-sharing Executive.- Chapter 5. “The People Have Voted… the [Expletives]!” – Comparing Electoral Systems.- Chapter 6. A Little Long History of Voting Systems.- Chapter 7. A Consensual Milieu.

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Book SynopsisThis open access book LNCS 13353 constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Electronic Voting, E-Vote-ID 2022, held in Bregenz, Austria, in October 2022. The 10 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. The conference collected the most relevant debates on the development of Electronic Voting, from aspects relating to security and usability through to practical experiences and applications of voting systems, also including legal, social, or political aspects, amongst others.Table of ContentsAn analysis of the security and privacy issues of the Neovote online voting system.- Time, Privacy, Robustness, Accuracy: Trade-Offs for the Open Vote Network Protocol.- Review Your Choices: When Confirmation Pages Break Ballot Secrecy in Online Elections.- Running the Race: a Swiss Voting Story.- The Effect of Exogenous Shocks on the Administration of Online Voting: Evidence from Ontario, Canada.- The Council of Europe's CM/Rec(2017)5 on e-voting and secret suffrage: time for yet another update?.- Sweeter than SUITE: Supermartingale Stratified Union-Intersection Tests of Elections.- They may look and look, yet not see: BMDs cannot be tested adequately.- Individual Verifiability with Return Codes: Manipulation Detection Efficacy.- and Accuracy Testing: A Fifty-State Review.

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Book SynopsisThis open access book focuses on the importance that EU politicization has gained in European democracies and the consequences for voting behaviour in six countries of the EU: Belgium, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. Most of the studies which research the way the EU is being legitimised focus on the European Parliament elections. In this book we argue that to understand how EU accountability works, it is necessary to focus instead on national elections and the national political environment. Through a detailed, multimethod analysis this book establishes rigorously the paths of European accountability at the national level, its propitious contexts in the media and parliamentary debates, and whether the paths are similar from Greece to Germany. The findings have implications for both national and European Union democracy, underlining the importance that national institutions have in enabling citizens to hold the EU accountable.Table of ContentsChapter 1- Introduction, by Marina Costa LoboPART ONE: EU POLITICISATION IN MEDIA AND PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES, 2002-2020 Chapter 2 - Politicisation of the EU in the print Media (2002-2016), Tiago Silva, Yani KartalisChapter 3 Debating the EU in national parliaments (2002-2020). The impact of the Eurozone crisis on the democratic legitimacy of the European integration, Yani Kartalis and Tiago Silva.Chapter 4 – Comparing Media and Parliamentary Debates, 2002-2020, Nelson Santos and Susana Rogeiro Nina.PART TWO: EU POLITICISATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR VOTING Chapter 5- Politicisation of the EU and Voting an Experimental Analysis, by Roberto Pannico and Marina Costa Lobo Chapter 6- The Left-Right divide and Voting in Bailout Europe, Lea Heyne and Marina Costa Lobo, Roberto PannicoChapter 7- Greece: Politicisation in media, Parliamentary debates, and voting in 2019, by Roula NeziChapter 8- Ireland: Politicisation in media, Parliamentary debates, and voting in 2019, by Lea HeyneChapter 9- Portugal: Politicisation in media, Parliamentary debates, and (effects on) voting in 2019, by Marina Costa LoboChapter 10- Spain: Politicisation in media, Parliamentary debates, and (effects on) voting in 2019, by Hugo Marcos Marne Chapter 11- Conclusions, Marina Costa Lobo

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Book SynopsisDictatorships throughout the twentieth century - including Mussolini's Italy, the Third Reich, the Soviet Union, Poland, and East Germany - held elections. But were they more than rituals of participation without the slightest effect on the distribution of power? Why did political regimes radically opposed to liberal democracy feel the need to imitate their enemies? Offering significant insights into totalitarian state governance, "Voting for Hitler and Stalin" thoroughly investigates the remarkable, paradoxical phenomenon of dictatorial elections, revealing the many ways they transcended mere propaganda.

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Book SynopsisDieses essential interpretiert und erklärt den Bundestagswahlkampf 2017. ​Nach einleitenden Überlegungen, die sich einerseits auf frühere Wahlen beziehen und andererseits die spezifische Relevanz der Bundestagswahl 2017 herausstellen, folgen die Hauptkapitel Wahlverhalten und Wahlen – Parteien und Parteiensystem – politisch und arithmetisch mögliche Koalitionsszenarien. Der abschließende Ausblick bietet einige Hinweise, vor welchen Herausforderungen die regierenden Parteien nach der Bundestagswahl stehen. Der Beitrag berücksichtigt zwar vor allem die Vorgänge im Vorfeld der Bundestagswahl 2017, verzichtet aber nicht darauf, Parallelen und Unterschiede zu früheren Wahlen herauszuarbeiten.Table of ContentsWahlen.- Parteiensystem und Parteien.- Koalitionsgefüge​

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Book SynopsisIn diesem Open-Access-Buch untersucht L. Constantin Wurthmann die sehr enge Beziehung zwischen Wertorientierungen und Wahlverhalten. Obwohl Wertorientierungen und gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen im Speziellen zu den zentralsten Konzepten empirischer Sozialforschung gehören, wurde ihre Wirkungsweise im Wahlverhalten bisweilen stiefmütterlich behandelt. Die vorliegende Studie entwickelt einen Vorschlag zur konzeptionellen Erfassung gesellschaftlicher Wertorientierungen und deren Einfluss auf das Wahlverhalten der bundesdeutschen Bevölkerung, welcher anschließend mit Daten der German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) für die Bundestagswahlen 2009, 2013 und 2017 überprüft wird. Dabei lassen sich strukturelle Veränderungen gesellschaftlicher Wertorientierungen in den Wählerschaften deutscher Parteien nachweisen.Table of ContentsWarum der Blick auf gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen für die Wahlforschung lohnenswert erscheint – eine Einleitung.- Determinanten des Wahlverhaltens: Von Cleavages zu gesellschaftlichen Wertorientierungen.- Forschungsdesign.- Empirische Analyse gesellschaftlicher Wertorientierungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von 2009 bis 2017.- Zusammenfassung und Fazit: Warum sich der Blick auf gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen lohnt.- Literaturverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch thematisiert Bürgerentscheide als Instrument direkter Demokratie auf der kommunalen Ebene. Auch Gemeinderäte greifen auf dieses Instrument direkter Demokratie zurück, um die Legitimationsbasis für besondere Projekte zu vergrößern. Bei den Abstimmungen sollten sachfremde Aspekte möglichst keine Rolle spielen. Daher sind die Verständlichkeit des Fragewortlauts sowie die Qualität der Abstimmungsbroschüren besonders wichtig. Ebenfalls sehr wichtig sind vorgeschaltete dialogische Beteiligungsverfahren (z. B. Bürger-Foren). Sie verbessern in der Regel die Abstimmungsqualität.Table of ContentsVorwort.- Wahlbeteiligung bei Bürgerentscheiden. Eine Mehrebenenanalyse für kommunale Bürgerentscheide von 2011 bis 2019.- Die Rolle von sachfremden Aspekten bei Bürgerentscheiden.- Bürgerentscheide nach dialogischen Beteiligungsverfahren. Die wahrgenommenen Wirkungen aus Sicht von Bürgermeister:innen.- Mit ‚Nein‘ stimmen, wenn man dafür ist? Die Verständlichkeit der Frageformulierungen von Bürgerentscheiden in Deutschland.- Abstimmungsbroschüren zu Bürgerentscheiden. Inhalte – Verständlichkeit – Ausgewogenheit.- Einwohneranträge auf der kommunalen Ebene. Ein Instrument zwischen deliberativer und direkter Demokratie.

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Book Synopsisein fundierter Beitrag zur Debatte um jugendliches Wahlverhalten und Radikalisierungstendenzen.- Die Ergebnisse und Erklärungsansätze liefern ein umfassendes Verständnis zum Wahlverhalten junger Menschen durch den angewandten Mixed-Methods-Ansatz in Form der Methodentriangulation.- Handlungsempfehlungen ermöglichen, den politischen Einstellungen von Sorgen und Ängsten der jungen Wählerschaft bis hin zu einem Gefühl der Hoffnungslosigkeit in Bezug auf ihre Zukunft entgegenzutreten.

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Book SynopsisPolitische Einstellungen im Kontext kommunaler Wahlen.- Politisches Verhalten bei kommunalen Wahlen.

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Book SynopsisDuring the 2012 election cycle, President Barack Obama was struggling for reelection, and former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney was running as the first major-party candidate since Walter Mondale and the first Republican since Ronald Reagan to not hold public office at the time of his nomination. In this volume, twenty-six international scholars consider how these two different public figures steered toward the White House, discussing strategy, rhetoric, domestic and international policies, and campaign innovations.Trade ReviewThis volume presents a variety of papers by authors with diverse backgrounds. Its international perspective will be of particular interest to American scholars, giving them a sense of how European colleagues perceived the political situation in the United States before the 2012 presidential election. -- Andrzej Mania, Jagiellonian University

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Book SynopsisThe historic electoral defeat suffered in 2018 by Barisan Nasional (BN), which had ruled Malaysia for over half a century since independence, raised high expectations for electoral reform. Wide-ranging reform recommendations were indeed advanced but clearly these were complicated by the ethnic dimension and required a sustained effort to succeed. Prospects for their implementation were dimmed by the dramatic fall of the 22-month-old Pakatan Harapan government, reduced political activity during the Covid lockdown and in recent times the revived fortunes of BN-aligned political forces. Taking all of these factors into account, this impressive study takes stock of the state of democracy in Malaysia by offering readers a deep but readily understandable analysis of an array of electoral reform issues. Produced by a team of scholars ranging from very senior to promising younger academics, it also draws on the experiences of other countries and provides insights and lessons for countries wishing to undertake electoral reform after transitioning from authoritarianism. The result is a resource that will interest the politically engaged as well as scholars of political process, a study that is both wide-ranging and focused, and a primer on electoral politics that will be of wide interest far beyond Malaysia.

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Book SynopsisWith hundreds of references to the jurisprudence of United Nations human rights mechanisms, this handbook provides human rights and electoral practitioners with a clear picture of the close interplay between elections and international human rights law. The handbook discusses international human rights standards regarding electoral processes and political participation, and how these standards apply to specific aspects of elections. Current issues such as gender-based violence in politics, disinformation and data manipulation, and the impact of Internet shutdowns are considered in the light of international human rights law and the recommendations of United Nations experts

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Book SynopsisThis open access book represents the first comprehensive, Australia-focused treatment of the problem of false election information disseminated for the purpose of gaining an electoral advantage. It explores cautious legal regulation as the most effective and decisive approach to the issue. In doing so, the book demonstrates that, although experiments with such remedies have met with mixed success elsewhere, they are nevertheless viable, especially in Australia where they have strong public support and are able to withstand constitutional challenge. Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2: The Measurable Effects of Disinformation on Elections.- Chapter 3: Disinformation as a Collective Action Problem.- Chapter 4: Experiments in Election Advertising Laws in Authentic Democracies Elsewhere.- Chapter 5: Australia’s Experience.- Chapter 6: South Australia - A Model Legal Regime for Regulating Electoral Advertising.- Chapter 7: Issues in Administration of s 113.- Chapter 8: 10 Main Recommendations.

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Book SynopsisThis new text provides a systematic analysis of grassroots level electioneering in the Philippines, using data gathered in the context of the 2016 elections, and combining in-depth ethnographic fieldwork with a national comparative scope.The chapters in this volume detail and analyse the electoral dynamics in a number of localities in order to shed light on how electoral campaigns are organised across regions of the Philippines, with particular focus on how candidates and their campaigns choose to appeal to and mobilise voters, the kinds of political networks used in campaigns, and how voters respond to different kinds of electoral appeals. It also analyses how Philippines candidates use political machines, clientelist networks and the delivery of patronage to secure election, identifies commonalities and differences across the Philippines, and engages in current debates in the literature about elections in developing democracies, the structure and organisation of clientelism, and the role of money in elections.

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Book SynopsisMalaysia's 2018 election (GE14) brought down a ruling party in power since independence in 1957. This book tells the full story of this historic election, combining a sharp analysis of the voting data with consideration of the key issues, campaign strategies, and mobilization efforts that played out during the election period in April and May of 2018. This analysis is then used to bring fresh ideas and perspectives to bear on the core debates about Malaysian political ideas, identities and behaviors, debates that continue to shape the country's destiny.However optimistic many Malaysians may be for the possibility of a more representative, accountable, participatory, and equitable polity, the authors do not see GE14 as a clear harbinger of full-on liberalization in Malaysia. While the political aftermath of the election continues to play out, the authors provide a clarion call for deeper, more critical, more comparative research on Malaysia's politics. They complicate well-known angles on and elevate too-little-studied dimensions of Malaysian politics, and suggest agendas for empirically interesting, theoretically relevant further research. They also point to the broader insights Malaysia's experience provides for the study of elections and political change in one-party dominant states around the world.Trade Review“Towards a New Malaysia? is a solid contribution to the broader literature on Malaysian politics and wider issues pertaining to democratic transitions. The book also contains chapters by a substantial number of younger Malaysia-based academics and sheds light on several key issues regarding the 2018 elections.” -- Francis E. Hutchinson * Contemporary Southeast Asia *“This edited volume is comprehensive, with political and electoral analyses on various dimensions of GE 2018 and beyond. The findings highlighted by the authors of various backgrounds and approaches largely complement each other, although there are also conflicting thoughts among them, which demonstrates diverse views.” -- Muhamad M N Nadzri * SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia *"The contributors to this volume provide a thoroughly comprehensive examination of Malaysia’s historic 2018 general elections. This volume advances important analyses not just of Malaysian politics, but also studies of coalition politics in electoral authoritarianism in developing countries. Readers will also appreciate it for motivating numerous pathways for future research." * Pacific Affairs *

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Book SynopsisThe unrealized transitions were a setback for a "reform agenda", which Anwar Ibrahim articulated, but which emerged from dissident movements for diverse reforms. These movements helped the multiethnic, socially inclusive, opposition to win the 14th General Election. They are only seemingly dormant because of the pandemic.The Pakatan Harapan regime had the best chance to supply a fresh vision, deeper social understanding, and commitment to reform. The present Perikatan Nasional regime's fixation on "Malayness" overlooks twenty years of intense intra-Malay conflicts that began with the failure of the first transition.As the "7th Prime Minister", Mahathir had a rare chance to redeem himself from major errors of his first twenty-two-year tenure. He squandered his chance by not honouring the Pakatan Harapan transition plan.Anwar Ibrahim's opponents mock him for being obsessed with wanting to be prime minister. Yet they obsessively fear his becoming prime minister. Anwar may be twice loser in political succession but "the spectre of Anwar" still haunts Malaysian political consciousness.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThe Routledge Handbook of Political Parties provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the study of political parties provided by leading experts in the field. In an era of widespread political disillusionment, political parties are often the main targets of citizen dissatisfaction, yet they are the key institutions that make democracy work. Analysing political parties in unrivalled depth and breath, with comparative thematic chapters throughout, as well as a dedicated section on political parties and party politics in specific country and regional settings, this handbook examines and illuminates the key questions around: how parties organise; how their ideologies have evolved over time; their relationship with society; how they differentiate themselves and how they respond to new social, economic, and political developments. The Routledge Handbook of Political Parties is essential reading and an authoritative reference for scholars, students, Trade Review‘Anyone looking to get up to speed on the state of the art in research on political parties needs to read this book. Written by a stellar cast of experts, it tells you where we are now and where things are heading. A truly invaluable collection.’Tim Bale, Queen Mary University of London, UK‘The editors have expertly curated a compelling collection of chapters which address classic research questions in the study of party politics, alongside contributions that reflect new research foci, international analysis via regional studies, and research design and methods. All of the chapters present a state of the art, reconsider key conceptual debates, explore empirical approaches, and outline future research agendas. Such an approach offers the reader clear links to “seminal” and pioneering literature complemented by more critical studies, provides for a comparative approach, and highlights debates amongst party scholars with regard to methodological and empirical stances. The Routledge Handbook of Political Parties tells those interested in party politics what they need to critically study in party types, families, systems, and party change; it reviews party responses to critical contemporary issues such as gender inequality, European integration, the environment, and immigration; and is attuned to the study of political parties beyond established, western democracies. Accessible and yet comprehensive, the Routledge Handbook of Political Parties is a fine resource for students, the interested public, and scholars alike.’Sarah Childs, University of Edinburgh, UK‘This book is a must read for any serious scholar of political parties. It will be a very welcome addition to the libraries of scholars who study political parties. It includes many of the top scholars in the field. and has a very coherent organization , including definitional chapters, party as organization, party ideology and party systems as well as exemplary types of parties. I will certainly be relying heavily on the contributions in this book in my own work and will be using it in my classes at both the graduate and undergraduate levels.’John Ishiyama, University Distinguished Research Professor and Chair, University of North Texas, USATable of ContentsIntroduction to the handbook Part 1: Definitions and party evolution 1. Party change beyond the ‘classical models?’ The role of agency, context, and democracy 2. Parties and partisanship in political theory 3. Party systems and party system change Part 2: Party as an organization 4. Party organization 5. Party membership 6. Party finance 7. Party institutionalisation 8. Political parties and social movements 9. Political parties and gender Part 3: Party ideology and party families 10. Cleavage politics in the twenty-first century 11.The far right 12. The centre-right: Christian Democrats, Conservatives and Liberals 13. Liberal Parties 14. Social Democracy 15. Radical left parties 16. Green parties Part 4: Party competition and representation 17. Party strategies: valence versus position 18. Issue competition and agenda setting 19. Niche parties and party competition 20. Parties in government and in coalitions 21. Parties and representation 22. Personalisation and political parties Part 5: Contemporary issues and challenges 23. Populism and parties 24. Parties and climate change 25. Parties and immigration 26. Parties and European integration 27. Parties, issues and gender 28. Post-conflict political parties 29. Clientelism and political parties Part 6: Regional comparisons 30. Political parties in Russia and post-Soviet states 31. Political parties in East Asia 32. Political parties in Southeast Asia 33. Political parties in Latin America 34. Political parties in Sub-Saharan Africa 35. Political parties in North Africa 36. Political parties in the Arab Middle East 37. Political parties in India Part 7: Methods for estimating party preferences 38. Text analysis of party manifestos 39. Voting Advice Applications 40. Expert surveys in party research

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