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Book SynopsisEntrepreneurship has been expunged from contemporary mainstream economics despite being an important driver and cause of economic development and growth. However, whereas Evolutionary Economics recognizes value-creative entrepreneurship, its role and impact tend to still be understated and the vast implications not fully understood. This Element attempts to remedy this by theorizing on how entrepreneurship impacts and drives market economies, the implications for economic change and renewal, and how the pursuit of new value creation determines the evolution of an economy. We find that allowing for entrepreneurial new value creation ? innovative entrepreneurship ? produces a different and more dynamic understanding of the market as a process, the role of knowledge and uncertainty, economic evolution and progress, as well as has important implications for political economy.

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Book SynopsisThis book traces the history of bird guano, demonstrating how this unique commodity helped unite the Pacific Basin with the industrialized world.Trade Review'This thoroughly researched book is unique and ambitious in its temporal scope and interpretation. The little-known story of guano - the fertilizer based on seabirds' excrement that has marked much of Peruvian history - and the fascinating seabirds that produced it, acquire new meanings, new actors, and a global dimension; illuminating the intersection of nature, politics, and science from a contemporary perspective.' Marcos Cueto, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos'Cushman's Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World tells the fascinating story of guano and the making of the modern world in a narrative that weaves together the geography and biology of the Pacific; political, economic, and agricultural history; and ecology, moving skilfully from the international politics of development and the technocratic ideal to the people who helped change our ideas and our understanding. A model of environmental history, it makes connections on every level and offers unexpected insights that will enrich any reader's understanding.' Thomas R. Dunlap, Texas A and M University'Cushman demonstrates that guano, through its multitude of interconnections with nitrogen, phosphate, explosives, agriculture, and politics, provides an unexpected prism through which to view and understand human history, especially in the last two hundred years.' Don Garden, University of Melbourne'Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World is a bold and original contribution to global environmental history. Cushman shows compellingly how an unlikely commodity - guano - helped create the modern Pacific world and usher in the Anthropocene. This is global history from the ground up, moving from the lives of specific individuals up to the sweeping panorama of global environmental change and the Pacific world. Cushman shows the vital role of this 'peripheral' world of these Pacific guano islands in shaping global landscapes, global economies, and even global ecological thought. The story of guano in the modern era is, as [he] capably shows, ultimately the story of how modern societies have pursued the elusive goals of ecological and economic sustainability.' Stuart McCook, University of Guelph, Canada'Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World is a tour de force that deserves a wide audience. Cushman covers an expansive range of topics that offers persuasive arguments that challenge many aspects of received wisdom regarding natural versus cultural, indigenous versus colonial, island versus mainland, and local versus global.' Science'… illuminating …' The Times Literary Supplement'Central themes are clearly articulated in this carefully researched and well-crafted work. These include the importance of the Pacific world to the history of Australia, Japan, and the Americas; the emergence of the modern Pacific world; the 'agency of nature' in that process; the link between the Pacific Islands and the Industrial Revolution; the 'cultural influence' of resulting transformations; the 'experts' who caused ensuing problems; and ethical consequences. This global ecological study succeeds admirably in detailing the last two hundred years.' R. Scaglion, Choice'Cushman traces multiple overlapping stories - he elaborates a sevenfold argument in the introduction - and his approach offers a pioneering model for future studies whose subjects cannot be contained by traditional conceptual (or physical) boundaries. … [A] provocative example of what global environmental history can be, both broad in its geographical and temporal reach and firmly anchored in local histories and rich archival sources culled from research on several continents. Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World makes a vital contribution to Peruvian historiography, Pacific world studies, and the history of conservation.' Hispanic American Historical Review'Diligently pursuing research in archives, and reading aggressively across disciplines, Cushman has delivered a majestic overview of not just a coastal resource, but of the emergence of the modern world in ecological terms.' Journal of Historical Geography'… scholars everywhere will find this a highly intelligent and provocative book, well worth reading and pondering.' Paul Gootenberg, The Americas'… the book includes some striking stories and challenging observations, and in the end it draws a compelling conclusion.' Sam White, Technology and Culture'This remarkable book covers tremendous ground. Drawing on archival research in three languages over four continents and an enviable command of both the history and science of the environment, Gregory T. Cushman makes a compelling case that guano fundamentally shaped global economic development writ large. This is therefore an important book.' Ariel Ron, Journal of American History'… [an] impressively vast book, which follows guano through time and space and intertwines environmental, social, intellectual, economic and climate histories with the history of colonialism, science, migration and global development … The book is all the more noteworthy as, despite the massive breadth of the book's subject matter, Cushman remains attentive to the people in this history. The book introduces numerous individuals, from explorers, scientific experts, technocrats and colonial administrators through to the workers who mined the guano, nitrates and phosphates and members of the island nations displaced by the mining. All round, this is one of the most impressive books published in the emerging field of global environmental history.' Jim Clifford, Reviews in History'This is as much an environmental history, as it is the history of environmental thought in the Pacific basin. Cushman is an excellent writer, bringing in a variety of perspectives, from scientists, environmental evangelists, politicians, economists and commodity traders, as well as island populations and bird-watchers, going so far as to imagine the perspective of the guano-producing birds themselves. In the hands of a less-talented writer this might have become quite confusing, but instead the persona (and animal) perspectives help anchor and reinforce the tight knit of humankind's relationship with its environment.' Juliette Levy, EH.netTable of ContentsList of illustrations; Preface; Abbreviations and acronyms; Prologue; 1. Introduction; 2. The guano age; 3. Neo-ecological imperialism; 4. Where is Banaba?; 5. Conservation and the technocratic ideal; 6. The most valuable birds in the world; 7. When the Japanese came to dinner; 8. The road to survival; 9. Guano and the Blue Revolution; 10. Conclusion; Select bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Glorious Revolution of 16889 transformed the role of parliament in Britain and its empire. Large numbers of statutes resulted, with most concerning economic activity. Julian Hoppit here provides the first comprehensive account of these acts, revealing how government affected economic life in this critical period prior to the Industrial Revolution, and how economic interests across Britain used legislative authority for their own benefit. Through a series of case studies, he shows how ideas, interests, and information influenced statutory action in practice. Existing frameworks such as ''mercantilism'' and the ''fiscal-military state'' fail to capture the full richness and structural limitations of how political power influenced Britain''s precocious economic development in the period. Instead, finely grained statutory action was the norm, guided more by present needs than any grand plan, with regulatory ambitions constrained by administrative limitations, and some parts of Britain Trade Review'Britain's Political Economies will fundamentally alter the way we think about the nature of Britain's state-regulated economy before the Industrial Revolution.' Tim Harris, Journal of Interdisciplinary History'… the great virtue of this book is that it demonstrates the sheer complexity of the way in which 'ideas' translate into 'action', and that is a valuable lesson indeed.' Keith Tribe, The European Journal of the History of Economic ThoughtTable of ContentsPart I. Contours: 1. Introduction; 2. The legislative revolution; 3. Legislating economically; 4. The local, national, and imperial; 5. Information, interests, and political economy; Part II. Cases: 6. The political economy of the fens; 7. The political economy of wool; 8. The political economy of bounties; 9. Refiguring the British fiscal state; 10. Conclusion; Appendix 1: legislation subject scheme; Appendix 2: specific economic legislation by English and Scottish counties, 1707–1800.

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Book SynopsisEconomic prosperity was vitally important to the longevity of the Chinese Empire throughout the preindustrial era. In this comprehensive but accessible study, Richard von Glahn examines the institutional foundations, continuities and discontinuities in China's economic development over three millennia, from the Bronze Age to the early twentieth century.Trade Review'Richard von Glahn, one of the leading historians of China's middle period, has written the first truly comprehensive economic history of China in English. Giving due consideration to the role of geography, natural endowment, and a changing ideological, social and political landscape, von Glahn's masterful synthesis is destined to become the go-to reference on the forces that shaped China's political economy from the Bronze Age to the end of the last dynasty.' Madeleine Zelin, Columbia University, New York'This book promises to be the most timely and ambitious scholarly attempt to construct a new historical narrative of the Chinese past that provides a reliable foundation to comprehend China today. What makes Professor von Glahn's new story cogent and path-breaking is the solid scholarship in theory and historiography that is always a hallmark of his works.' Billy Kee-long So, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology'In one volume, Richard von Glahn offers a coherent and erudite account of three millennia of Chinese economic history. Synthesizing a huge variety of source materials, the book contains both an impressive update and thought-provoking insights on the major debates and paradigms in Chinese economic history. A remarkable achievement and a must-read for scholars and students of the Chinese economy and economic history in general.' Debin Ma, London School of Economics and Political Science'This is the kind of book that will almost certainly enjoy a long shelf life, like some of the most recognizable titles on China's long-term history … I strongly recommend this book to students of Chinese history, East Asian history and world/global history.' Kent G. Deng, EH.Net'This is the first book in English to offer a comprehensive account of economic history in China. It takes a step further towards freeing the field from the shackles of Western economic perspective by producing a refreshingly unapologetic narrative … This book avoids economic jargon and keeps the use of Chinese terms to a necessary minimum, thus also making it a suitable resource for historians of other disciplines and world regions … readers are left to make their own conclusions and will undoubtedly find this book a rich platform for future discussion and debate.' Christopher Rea, Ming StudiesTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. The Bronze Age economy (1045 to 707 BCE); 2. From city-state to autocratic monarchy (707 to 250 BCE); 3. Economic foundations of the universal empire (250 to 81 BCE); 4. Magnate society and the estate economy (81 BCE to 485 CE); 5. The Chinese-nomad synthesis and the reunification of the empire (485 to 755); 6. Economic transformation in the Tang-Song transition (755 to 1127); 7. The heyday of the Jiangnan economy (1127 to 1550); 8. The maturation of the market economy (1550 to 1800); 9. Domestic crises and global challenges: restructuring the imperial economy (1800 to 1900); Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisWere high appointments in the Roman Empire based on merit or on social standing? Some strong social biases emerge from this innovative study which uses a specially compiled database. There was considerable aristocratic preference in both army and civilian commands, and the higher equestrian posts suggest similar patterns.Table of ContentsPart I. Social Status and Senatorial Success: 1. Introduction: the senator; 2. Social standing and its impact on careers; 3. The career ladder at Rome; 4. Service overseas; 5. Defenders of the empire; 6. Influx from the provinces; 7. The chronology of the senatorial evidence; 8. Career inscriptions and what they leave out; Part II. Equestrian Perspectives: 9. Defining the equites; 10. The public employment of equites; 11. The economic involvements of equites; 12. The devaluation of equestrian rank; Part III. The Unprivileged: 13. Slavery: the background; 14. Slavery as a career; Appendixes: Appendix 1. Scoring systems for senators; Appendix 2. Non-vigintiviri and additional senators; Appendix 3. The duration of army posts; Appendix 4. Details of vigintiviri; Appendix 5. Some senatorial careers; Appendix 6. Early and late priesthoods; Appendix 7. Inventory of senators in the database.

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Book SynopsisProvides a new intellectual, economic and legal history of capitalism from the eighteenth century to the early twentieth century. It analyzes the interaction between economic practices and legal constructions in France and compares the French case with other Western countries during this period, such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and Italy.Trade Review'Stanziani explores European economic development from a fresh angle, substituting a focus on law, credit, institutions, regulation, and organizational innovations for the customary centrality of technology and industry. The result is a provocative, practice-centered analysis, stretching across four centuries. An extraordinary recasting of economic history, as arresting as it is engaging.' Philip Scranton, Rutgers University'This work is original. It tackles key issues of the present-day world economy, adding new views to a long-standing debate on the role of governments, laws, institutions, regulations, conventions and the like, leading readers back to late [eighteenth]-century economic thought. In studying rules (codified of course, but also habitual ways of doing), Stanziani suggests a new chronology of capitalist development - ni plus, ni moins. In so doing, he sheds new light on issues such as laissez-faire policy, social welfare systems, mass consumption, institutions and actors since the late [eighteenth] century up to now. This is an impressive achievement.' Peter Scholliers, Vrije Universiteit Brussel'Stanziani argues convincingly that the ancien régime concern with just price and consumer protection was largely absent from nineteenth-century standardization efforts.' Paul Cheney, The Journal of Modern History'Stanziani offers bold claims while being meticulous enough to reward readers who require convincing … Rules of Exchange stands out both for its bold claims and its ability to muster enough evidence to defend them.' Kevin Goldberg, European History QuarterlyTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Building Ideal Markets: Economic and Legal Culture: 1. Economic thought and competition; 2. Codes, customs and jurisdictions; Part II. Trade and Marketplace: 3. Covered markets; 4. The world of shop; 5. Intangible trade and the produce exchange; Part III. Market as Transaction: 6. Contracts and the quality of goods; 7. Trademark, quality and reputation; 8. Expertise and product specification; 9. Rules of international trade; Part IV. General Rules of Competition: Speculation, Trusts and Fair Competition: 10. Hoarding and speculation; 11. The law of competition and unfair competition in other 'Western' countries; General conclusion: market, exchange and the ideal of non-competition.

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Book SynopsisThis book tells the story of the search for disequilibrium micro-foundations for macroeconomic theory, from the disequilibrium theories of Patinkin, Clower and Leijonhufvud to recent dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models with imperfect competition. Placing this search against the background of wider developments in macroeconomics, the authors contend that this was never a single research program, but involved economists with very different aims who developed the basic ideas about quantity constraints, spillover effects and coordination failures in different ways. The authors contrast this with the equilibrium, market-clearing approach of Phelps and Lucas, arguing that equilibrium theories simply assumed away the problems that had motivated the disequilibrium literature. Although market-clearing models came to dominate macroeconomics, disequilibrium theories never went away and continue to exert an important influence on the subject. Although this book focuses on one strand in mTrade Review'Roger Backhouse and Mauro Boianovsky provide a fascinating, lively and meticulously researched account of the quest for non-Walrasian microfoundations of macroeconomic theory, from the efforts of Don Patinkin, Robert Clower, and Axel Leijonhufvud to understand Keynesian economics in terms of quantity constraints and coordination failures to recent attempts to incorporate imperfect competition in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. This book belongs on the shelf of anyone interested in modern macroeconomics and its history.' Robert W. Dimand, Brock University'For the real story of how macroeconomics got to its present state, you need to read this book. Backhouse and Boianovsky do a beautiful job of untangling a complicated literature that others have found convenient to forget.' Peter Howitt, Brown University'… this is a very nice book written by two specialists on the history of macroeconomics, and one that brings to the fore a crucial development that transformed the area: the disequilibrium literature.' Pedro Garcia Duarte, Journal of the History of Economic ThoughtTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Macroeconomics after Keynes; 3. Don Patinkin and the neoclassical synthesis; 4. Clower, Leijonhufvud and the re-appraisal of Keynesian economics; 5. Macroeconomics with slow price adjustment; 6. 'Equilibrium' microfoundations; 7. General equilibrium and imperfect competition; 8. Microeconomics and macroeconomics; 9. After the 1970s; 10. Conclusions; Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisThe third volume in The Cambridge Urban History of Britain examines the process of urbanisation and suburbanisation from the early Victorian period to the twentieth century. Leading scholars investigate the rise of cities and towns in England, Scotland and Wales, examining their economic, demographic, social, political, cultural and physical development.Trade Review'Under the editorship of Martin Daunton, a formidable field of contributors has been assembled. Those contributors have produced a volume which covers virtually every conceivable aspect of British urban history from the mid-nineteenth century to the aftermath of the Second World War.' History'This is a truly astonishing volume - it presents an absorbing array of urban history research that is high in quality and 'modern' in its combination of order and diversity. It is well written and up-to-date and its photographs and figures provide an evocative visual commentary. This is a major landmark in urban history - scholarly, stimulating and immensely enjoyable.' London Journal'… the result is a large and extremely impressive work which will be of relevance to a great many modern historians, and which truly demonstrates the vitality of its field … Indeed this 900-page volume … seems destined to become a seminal work for a generation.' Welsh History Review'This is a feast of a book …' Urban StudiesTable of ContentsGeneral editor's preface; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations; List of figures and illustrations; 1. Introduction Martin Daunton; Part I. Circulation: 2. Urban networks Lynn Hollen Lees; 3. Modern London Richard Dennis; 4. Ports Sarah Palmer; 5. The development of small towns in Britain Stephen Royle; 6. Migration David Feldman; 7. Pollution in the city Bill Luckin; 8. From Shillibeer to Buchanan: transport and the urban environment John Armstrong; Part II. Governance: 9. Central government and the towns John Davis; 10. The changing functions of urban government: councillors, officials and pressure groups Barry Doyle; 11. The political economy of urban utilities Bob Millward; 12. The provision of social services Marguerite Dupree; 13. Structure, culture and society in British towns R. J. Morris; Part III. Construction: 14. Patterns on the ground: urban form, residential structure and the social construction of space Colin Pooley; 15. Land, property and planning Jim Yelling; 16. The evolution of Britain's urban built environment Peter Scott; 17. The planners and the public Abigail Beach and Nick Tiratsoo; Part IV. Getting and Spending: 18. Industrialisation and the city economy Richard Rodger and David Reeder; 19. The urban labour market David Gilbert and Humphrey Southall; 20. Urban fertility and mortality patterns Simon Szreter and Anne Hardy; 21. The middle class Rick Trainor; 22. Towns and consumerism John Walton; 23. Playing and praying: leisure and religion in urban Britain Douglas Reid; Part V. Images: 24. The representation of the city in visual arts Caroline Arscott; 25. Epilogue Martin Daunton; Select bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisA collection of essays providing a stimulating rebuttal to the prevailing minimalism in late antique studies. Money, aristocracy, trade, and the problem of continuity are among the major themes considered, and a wide range of sources is deployed. It will be of interest to ancient and medieval historians and economic historians more generally.Table of ContentsPreface; Introductory essay: 1. Mass production, monetary economy and the commercial vitality of the Mediterranean; Part I. Mapping the Late Antique Economy: 2. Mickwitz's modernism: the writings of 1932–6; 3. State and aristocracy in the economic evolution of the Late Empire; 4. The economic trajectories of late antiquity; Part II. Money Circulation (Rules, Rhythms): 5. Discounts, weight standards and the exchange rate between gold and copper; 6. Precious metal coinages and monetary expansion in late antiquity; Part III. Aristocracies and Estates: 7. Aristocracies, peasantries and the framing of the early Middle Ages: 8. Late antique aristocracies: the case of Iran; Part IV. Beyond the Mediterranean and Late Antiquity: 9. Late antique legacies and Muslim economic expansion; 10. 'Regions that look seaward' - changing fortunes, submerged histories, and the slow capitalism of the sea.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the economic history of ancient Egypt through the entire pharaonic period, 300030 BCE, using current economic theories and models. It argues that the increased use of writing and silver money were important factors in the evolution of the ancient Egyptian economy.Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1. The Early Dynastic Period (c.3000–2686 BCE); 2. The Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period (c.2686–2025 BCE); 3. The Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period (c.2025–1550 BCE; 4. The New Kingdom (c.1550–1069 BCE); 5. The Third Intermediate Period (c.1069–664 BCE); 6. The Saite and Persian Periods (664–332 BCE); 7. The Ptolemaic Period (332–30 BCE); Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisMoney could be as essential to everyday life in medieval England as it is today, but who made the coinage, how was it used and why is it important? This definitive study charts the development of coin production from the small workshops of Anglo-Saxon and Norman England to the centralised factory mints of the late Middle Ages, the largest being in the Tower of London. Martin Allen investigates the working lives of the people employed in the mints in unprecedented detail and places the mints in the context of medieval England's commerce and government, showing the king's vital interest in the production of coinage, the maintenance of its quality and his mint revenue. This unique source of reference also offers the first full history of the official exchanges in the City of London regulating foreign exchange and an in-depth analysis of the changing size and composition of medieval England's coinage.Trade Review'This detailed and clearly-written history of English coinage from the Anglo-Saxon age through the Tudor period fills the longstanding need for a comprehensive and judicious synthesis of the numismatic and documentary evidence for all facets of monetary history from the acquisition of bullion, through the size of the circulating medium, to the role of mint profits in the fiscal organization of the state.' Alan Stahl, Princeton University, New Jersey'The provision of coinage was a fundamental responsibility of a medieval king of England and Martin Allen here provides a book-length exploration and dissection of what this meant in practice, weaving together numismatic and documentary sources to make a complex subject clear and comprehensible. There is nothing on the English coinage to match it for the medieval period and there is no question it will be a standard work for a generation.' Barrie Cook, British Museum'In 1953, Cambridge University Press published Sir John Craig's The Mint. Forty years later it published A New History of the Royal Mint, edited by Christopher Challis. Another twenty years of historical scholarship have passed in this field. Martin Allen has brought it together, and extended it, in this, the next landmark volume.' Peter Spufford, University of Cambridge'This is a well-written and readable book that draws together an often complex array of documentary, statistical and archaeological material and presents it in a comprehensive and digestible format. In the history of English numismatics there are few authors that can claim to have succeeded in delivering such a comprehensive overview of their subject area; indeed the volume is unmatched in European medieval numismatics. This will be a mainstay for students of English medieval currency for a generation.' The Society for Medieval ArchaeologyTable of Contents1. Moneyers and mints, c.973–1158; 2. The centralisation of minting, 1158–1278; 3. Mints and their men, 1279–1544; 4. Mint workshop practice and equipment; 5. Standards of weight and fineness; 6. Profits; 7. The exchanges in the city of London; 8. The sources of bullion for the English coinage; 9. Mint output; 10. The changing size of the currency; 11. The currency in circulation; Conclusion; Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThis book argues that the work of the Austrian economists, including Carl Menger, Joseph Schumpeter, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek, has been narrowly interpreted. Through a study of Viennese politics and culture, it is demonstrated that the project they were engaged in was much broader: the study of civilization.Trade Review'… a brilliant exploration of the historical, scientific, philosophical and cultural context of the Austrian School of economics … Any reader fascinated by intellectual history and the play between idealizations and circumstances will find Dekker's approach very illuminating.' Peter Boettke, George Mason University, Virginia'Erwin Dekker's thoughtful book firmly situates the so-called 'Austrian School' of economics within its Viennese background, showing its members can be better thought of as students of civilization than as disciplinary economists … The Viennese Students of Civilization is to be welcomed as an important contribution to twentieth-century intellectual economic history and current political thought.' Haaro Mass, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland'In this thoughtful account of interwar Vienna and the Austrian tradition, Erwin Dekker reveals a humanistic scholarly sensibility quite rare amongst historians of economics. He adroitly interweaves the exploration of economics, sensibility and culture, yielding a book that will appeal to a correspondingly broad readership.' Robert Leonard, Université du Québec à Montréal'Dekker's volume opens up many interesting historiographic questions and suggests many compelling research paths. By arguing that even the logical-deductive theorists of the Austrian School shared many insights in the development of society and the political role of economists, the book proves to be an effective manifesto in favour of studying economics and economic thought from a cultural point of view. It thus constitutes a useful reading for students in economics and history.' Monika Poettinger, History of Economic Ideas'Dekker, currently an assistant professor of cultural economics at Rotterdam, is well aware of the challenge presented by the wealth of literature, and also of the multiple challenges presented by the 150 years of the Austrian School's history … And he handles the challenges elegantly and successfully. … Dekker provides numerous highly innovative interpretations about several Austrian economists as well as about the tradition as a whole - and often does so provocatively, which makes his story refreshing and energizing. … he offers a volume which is equally well readable for a historian of economics, for an economist curious to learn more about the 'Austrians', and for the interested layman. … he not only supplies insightful fragments of historical value, but also an overarching narrative which is highly relevant for our age's economy and society with their recent symptoms of instability and fragility.' Stefan Kolev, ORDO'Dekker provides an insightful account of Viennese intellectual culture and its role in shaping Austrian Economics during its formative decades. His focus upon local academic networks is a very productive and original approach to this field, and references to contemporary Viennese literature add analytical value to this.' Alexander Ebner, The European Journal of the History of Economic ThoughtTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Cultivating economic knowledge; 3. Trapped between ignorance, customs and social forces; 4. The market - civilizing or disciplinary force?; 5. Instincts, civilization and communities; 6. Therapeutic nihilism or the humility of the student; 7. The student as defender of civilization; 8. The student of civilization and his culture; 9. Meaning lost, meaning found; 10. What it means to be a student of civilization.

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Book SynopsisIn modern society, economic growth is considered to be the primary goal pursued through policymaking. But when and how did this perception become widely adopted among social scientists, politicians and the general public? Focusing on the OECD, one of the least understood international organisations, Schmelzer offers the first transnational study to chart the history of growth discourses. He reveals how the pursuit of GDP growth emerged as a societal goal and the ways in which the methods employed to measure, model and prescribe growth resulted in statistical standards, international policy frameworks and widely accepted norms. Setting his analysis within the context of capitalist development, post-war reconstruction, the Cold War, decolonization, and industrial crisis, The Hegemony of Growth sheds new light on the continuous reshaping of the growth paradigm up to the neoliberal age and adds historical depth to current debates on climate change, inequality and the limits to growth.Trade Review'In this well-researched intellectual and institutional history, Schmelzer brings to light the story of how Europe and America in the mid-twentieth century embraced the cult of Gross National Product (GNP), and the role of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the process. By devising the system by which governments keep economic score, economists and bureaucrats revised the goals of economic policy to emphasize, almost to the point of worship, GNP growth. Schmelzer's book explains lucidly how economic policy acquired its topmost priority of the past seventy years.' J. R. McNeill, author of Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World'A magnificent accomplishment. Moving between deft analyses of the OECD and sweeping appraisals of global political economy, Matthias Schmelzer reveals the tumultuous history behind the seemingly timeless commitment to economic growth. Essential reading for scholars, The Hegemony of Growth is just as valuable for perplexed observers of the contemporary world. In the best tradition of historical research, Schmelzer rewrites the past, troubles the present, and opens up new ways of imagining the future.' Timothy Shenk, author of Maurice Dobb: Political Economist'This fresh and important work recovers the contested past of national accounts as a tool to study and manage the economy. The OEEC and the OECD is stage and actor in Schmelzer's sophisticated appreciation of historically contingent value, and limits, of the idea of growth.' Patricia Clavin, author of Securing the World Economy'Looking deeply into the question of whether the rich world can and should remain hellbent on growth is interesting and very useful. Agree or disagree, readers will find much here to spark their imaginations.' Bill McKibben, author of Deep Economy'Economic growth is our prime social objective. How this came to be is shown by means of a careful and critical scrutiny of the OECD since 1947, which also questions the concept of growth itself. You won't find it anywhere else, let alone done so well.' Avner Offer, author of The Challenge of Affluence'What are the origins of the idea of economic growth, and how and why did it come to be so hegemonic? Matthias Schmelzer's in-depth analysis of 'growthmanship' in the OECD is a must-read for anyone interested in these questions.' Giorgos Kallis, editor of Degrowth: A Vocabulary for a New Era'Schmelzer has written a first-rate, pioneering and highly differentiated historical study of the rise of one of the most powerful concepts of our times, the concept of economic growth, and the crucial role played by the OECD.' Hartmut Kaelble, author of A Social History of EuropeTable of ContentsIntroduction; Setting the stage: a historical introduction to the OECD; Part I. Paradigm in the Making: The Emergence of Economic Growth as the Key Economic Policy Norm (1948–59): 1. Measuring growth: the international standardization of national income accounting; 2. Propagating growth: from reconstruction and stability to 'selective expansion' and 'productivity'; 3. 'Expand or die': international economic mandarins and the transnational harmonization of growth policies; Part II. Paradigm at Work: A 'Temple of Growth for Industrialized Countries' in Action (1960–8): 4. Power, progress, and prosperity: growth as universal yardstick and the OECD's 1961 growth target in perspective; 5. Boosting growth: the Western 'growth conscience' and policies in the name of accelerated growth; 6. Replicating growth: the 'development of others' and the hegemony of donor countries; Part III. Paradigm in Discussion: The 'Problems of Modern Society', Environment, and Welfare (1969–74): 7. Quantity in question: challenging the hegemony of growth and the OECD-Club of Rome nexus; 8. Reclaiming growth: organizational dynamics and the 'dialectic' of qualitative growth; 9. Quantifying quality: managing the environmental costs of growth and the difficult quest for 'gross national well-being'; Epilogue: paradigm remade (1975–2011); Conclusion: provincializing growth.

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Book SynopsisThis study, now in a revised and updated third edition, covers the economic history of Latin America from independence in the 1820s to the present. It stresses the differences between Latin American countries while recognizing the external influences to which the whole region has been subject. Victor Bulmer-Thomas notes the failure of the region to close the gap in living standards between it and the United States and explores the reasons. He also examines the new paradigm taking shape in Latin America since the debt crisis of the 1980s and asks whether this new economic model will be able to bring the growth and improvement in equity that the region desperately needs. This third edition contains a wealth of new material that draws on the new research in the area in the past ten years.Trade Review'Bulmer-Thomas's third update of The Economic History of Latin America since Independence is the essential, even canonical, guide for a region of the world long dominated by commodities and their export. Scrupulously detailed and balanced, the book outlines Latin America's largely disappointing growth record without discounting the region's economic variety, historical achievements, and social possibilities. Those hoping to re-energize the study of Latin American economic history can start reading here.' Paul Gootenberg, SUNY Distinguished Professor of History and Sociology, Stony Brook University, and author of Andean Cocaine: The Making of a Global Drug (2009)'This is a first-class economic history written by a professional economist who masterfully analyzes the complex interactions of the most relevant economic variables and key social indicators in order to show how the Latin American nations eventually became integrated into the modern world economic system. Dr Victor Bulmer-Thomas has superbly updated a well-known classic that will remain the best economic history of Latin America for many, many years. Congratulations!' Frank Moya Pons, Academia Dominicana de la Historia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic'Authoritative, comprehensive, synthetic, and well written - Bulmer-Thomas has distilled, interpreted, and displayed Latin America's economic history over the past two centuries deftly and expertly.' Jorge I. Domínguez, Antonio Madero Professor for the Study of Mexico, Harvard UniversityTable of Contents1. Latin American economic development: an overview; 2. The struggle for national identity: from independence to mid-century; 3. The export sector and the world economy, circa 1850–1914; 4. Export-led growth: the supply side; 5. Export-led growth and the non-export economy; 6. The First World War and its aftermath; 7. Policy, performance, and structural change in the 1930s; 8. War and the new international economic order; 9. Inward-looking development in the postwar period; 10. New trade strategies and debt-led growth; 11. Debt, adjustment, and the shift to a new paradigm; 12. Conclusions; Appendix 1. Data sources for population and exports before 1914; Appendix 2. The ratio of exports to Gross Domestic Product, the purchasing power of exports, the net barter terms of trade and the volume of exports, circa 1850 to circa 1912; Appendix 3. Population, exports, public revenue and GDP for the main Latin American countries before 1914; Appendix 4. GDP per head in Latin America since 1900.

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Book SynopsisA clear exposition of Keynes's ideas about the currencies of Europe and their adjustment to the post-war world.Table of Contents1. The consequences to society of changes in the value of money; 2. Public finance and changes in the value of money; 3. The theory of money and the exchanges; 4. Alternative aims in monetary policy; 5. Positive suggestions for the future regulation of money.

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Book SynopsisThe demise of sterling as an international currency was widely predicted after 1945, but the process took thirty years to complete. This book challenges traditional explanations of this demise by arguing that it was prolonged by the weakness of the international monetary system and by collective interest in its continuation.Trade Review'Catherine Schenk tells the story of the changing fortunes of sterling across the second half of the twentieth century. This ranges over everything from convertibility, reserve currencies, sterling balances, the euro-currency markets, the international financial architecture, and a great deal more. Sterling has also been placed in the context of the international monetary system, and in the context of the growing literature on the economic and wider history of the period. It is an excellent account of difficult territory.' Forrest Capie, Cass Business School and Official Historian of the Bank of England'Anyone concerned about how to resolve the global imbalances in the international economy today needs to read Catherine Schenk's detailed study of the political and economic difficulties that bedevilled Britain's decades-long effort to eliminate the 'sterling problem' left over from World War II. Her detailed analysis of the issues that confronted British policymakers and how they were resolved shows how hard it is to correct global imbalances once they exist, even with the best of intentions and international cooperation. For, even if the stakes diminish over time, as they did with British sterling, the stake holders and their interests keep changing as well.' Larry Neal, University of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignTable of ContentsList of figures; List of tables; Acknowledgements; 1. Introduction and outline of the book; Part I. Reconstructing the International Monetary System 1945–59: 2. The post-war international monetary system 1945–50; 3. Return to convertibility 1950–9; Part II. Accelerating the Retreat: Sterling in the 1960s: 4. Sterling and European integration; 5. The sterling devaluation 1967: relations with the USA and the IMF; 6. Sterling and the City; 7. Multilateral negotiations: sterling and the reform of the international monetary system; 8. The sterling agreements of 1968; Part III. Sterling's Final Retreat 1970–92: 9. Sterling and the end of Bretton Woods; 10. Years of crisis 1973–9; 11. The aftermath 1980–92; 12. Summary and conclusions; Index.

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Book SynopsisChina's extraordinary rise as an economic powerhouse in the past two decades poses a challenge to many long-held assumptions about the relationship between political institutions and economic development. Economic prosperity also was vitally important to the longevity of the Chinese Empire throughout the preindustrial era. Before the eighteenth century, China's economy shared some of the features, such as highly productive agriculture and sophisticated markets, found in the most advanced regions of Europe. But in many respects, from the central importance of irrigated rice farming to family structure, property rights, the status of merchants, the monetary system, and the imperial state's fiscal and economic policies, China's preindustrial economy diverged from the Western path of development. In this comprehensive but accessible study, Richard von Glahn examines the institutional foundations, continuities and discontinuities in China's economic development over three millennia, from thTrade Review'Richard von Glahn, one of the leading historians of China's middle period, has written the first truly comprehensive economic history of China in English. Giving due consideration to the role of geography, natural endowment, and a changing ideological, social and political landscape, von Glahn's masterful synthesis is destined to become the go-to reference on the forces that shaped China's political economy from the Bronze Age to the end of the last dynasty.' Madeleine Zelin, Columbia University, New York'This book promises to be the most timely and ambitious scholarly attempt to construct a new historical narrative of the Chinese past that provides a reliable foundation to comprehend China today. What makes Professor von Glahn's new story cogent and path-breaking is the solid scholarship in theory and historiography that is always a hallmark of his works.' Billy Kee-long So, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology'In one volume, Richard von Glahn offers a coherent and erudite account of three millennia of Chinese economic history. Synthesizing a huge variety of source materials, the book contains both an impressive update and thought-provoking insights on the major debates and paradigms in Chinese economic history. A remarkable achievement and a must-read for scholars and students of the Chinese economy and economic history in general.' Debin Ma, London School of Economics and Political Science'This is the kind of book that will almost certainly enjoy a long shelf life, like some of the most recognizable titles on China's long-term history … I strongly recommend this book to students of Chinese history, East Asian history and world/global history.' Kent G. Deng, EH.Net'This is the first book in English to offer a comprehensive account of economic history in China. It takes a step further towards freeing the field from the shackles of Western economic perspective by producing a refreshingly unapologetic narrative … This book avoids economic jargon and keeps the use of Chinese terms to a necessary minimum, thus also making it a suitable resource for historians of other disciplines and world regions … readers are left to make their own conclusions and will undoubtedly find this book a rich platform for future discussion and debate.' Christopher Rea, Ming StudiesTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. The Bronze Age economy (1045 to 707 BCE); 2. From city-state to autocratic monarchy (707 to 250 BCE); 3. Economic foundations of the universal empire (250 to 81 BCE); 4. Magnate society and the estate economy (81 BCE to 485 CE); 5. The Chinese-nomad synthesis and the reunification of the empire (485 to 755); 6. Economic transformation in the Tang-Song transition (755 to 1127); 7. The heyday of the Jiangnan economy (1127 to 1550); 8. The maturation of the market economy (1550 to 1800); 9. Domestic crises and global challenges: restructuring the imperial economy (1800 to 1900); Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThese essays represent some of Keynes's finest writing on economic policy and politics.Table of ContentsPart I. The Treaty of Peace: 1. Paris (1919); 2. The Capacity of Germany to Pay Reparations (1919); 3. Proposals for the Reconstruction of Europe (1919); 4. The Change of Opinion (1921); 5. War Debts and the United States (1921, 1925, 1928); Part II. Inflation and Deflation: 6. Inflation (1919); 7. Social Consequences of Changes in the Value of Money (1923); 8. The French Franc (1926, 1928); 9. Can Lloyd George Do It? (1929); 10. The Great Slump of 1930 (December 1930); 11. Economy (1931); 12. The Consequences to the Banks of the Collapse of Money Values (August 1931); Part III. The Return to the Gold Standard: 13. Auri Sacra Fames (1930); 14. Alternative Aims in Monetary Policy (1923); 15. Positive Suggestions for the Future Regulation of Money (1923); 16. The Speeches of the Bank Chairmen (1924, 1925, 1927); 17. The Economic Consequences of Mr Churchill (1925); 18. Mitigation by Tariff (1931); 19. The End of the Gold Standard (27 September 1931); Part IV. Politics: 20. A Short View of Russia (1925); 21. The End of Laissez-Faire (1926); 22. Am I a Liberal? (1925); 23. Liberalism and Labour (1926); Part V. The Future: 24. Clissold (1927); 25. Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren (1930); Part VI. Later Essays: 26. Means to Prosperity (1933); 27. How to Pay for the War (1940).

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Book SynopsisFor centuries, bird guano has played a pivotal role in the agricultural and economic development of Latin America, East Asia and Oceania. As their populations ballooned during the Industrial Revolution, North American and European powers came to depend on this unique resource as well, helping them meet their ever-increasing farming needs. This book explores how the production and commodification of guano has shaped the modern Pacific Basin and the world's relationship to the region. Marrying traditional methods of historical analysis with a broad interdisciplinary approach, Gregory T. Cushman casts this once little-known commodity as an engine of Western industrialization, offering new insight into uniquely modern developments such as environmental consciousness and conservation movements; the ascendance of science, technology and expertise; international relations; and world war.Trade Review'This thoroughly researched book is unique and ambitious in its temporal scope and interpretation. The little-known story of guano - the fertilizer based on seabirds' excrement that has marked much of Peruvian history - and the fascinating seabirds that produced it, acquire new meanings, new actors, and a global dimension; illuminating the intersection of nature, politics, and science from a contemporary perspective.' Marcos Cueto, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos'Cushman's Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World tells the fascinating story of guano and the making of the modern world in a narrative that weaves together the geography and biology of the Pacific; political, economic, and agricultural history; and ecology, moving skilfully from the international politics of development and the technocratic ideal to the people who helped change our ideas and our understanding. A model of environmental history, it makes connections on every level and offers unexpected insights that will enrich any reader's understanding.' Thomas R. Dunlap, Texas A and M University'Cushman demonstrates that guano, through its multitude of interconnections with nitrogen, phosphate, explosives, agriculture, and politics, provides an unexpected prism through which to view and understand human history, especially in the last two hundred years.' Don Garden, University of Melbourne'Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World is a bold and original contribution to global environmental history. Cushman shows compellingly how an unlikely commodity - guano - helped create the modern Pacific world and usher in the Anthropocene. This is global history from the ground up, moving from the lives of specific individuals up to the sweeping panorama of global environmental change and the Pacific world. Cushman shows the vital role of this 'peripheral' world of these Pacific guano islands in shaping global landscapes, global economies, and even global ecological thought. The story of guano in the modern era is, as [he] capably shows, ultimately the story of how modern societies have pursued the elusive goals of ecological and economic sustainability.' Stuart McCook, University of Guelph, Canada'Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World is a tour de force that deserves a wide audience. Cushman covers an expansive range of topics that offers persuasive arguments that challenge many aspects of received wisdom regarding natural versus cultural, indigenous versus colonial, island versus mainland, and local versus global.' Science'… illuminating …' The Times Literary Supplement'Central themes are clearly articulated in this carefully researched and well-crafted work. These include the importance of the Pacific world to the history of Australia, Japan, and the Americas; the emergence of the modern Pacific world; the 'agency of nature' in that process; the link between the Pacific Islands and the Industrial Revolution; the 'cultural influence' of resulting transformations; the 'experts' who caused ensuing problems; and ethical consequences. This global ecological study succeeds admirably in detailing the last two hundred years.' R. Scaglion, Choice'Cushman traces multiple overlapping stories - he elaborates a sevenfold argument in the introduction - and his approach offers a pioneering model for future studies whose subjects cannot be contained by traditional conceptual (or physical) boundaries. … [A] provocative example of what global environmental history can be, both broad in its geographical and temporal reach and firmly anchored in local histories and rich archival sources culled from research on several continents. Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World makes a vital contribution to Peruvian historiography, Pacific world studies, and the history of conservation.' Hispanic American Historical Review'Diligently pursuing research in archives, and reading aggressively across disciplines, Cushman has delivered a majestic overview of not just a coastal resource, but of the emergence of the modern world in ecological terms.' Journal of Historical Geography'… scholars everywhere will find this a highly intelligent and provocative book, well worth reading and pondering.' Paul Gootenberg, The Americas'… the book includes some striking stories and challenging observations, and in the end it draws a compelling conclusion.' Sam White, Technology and Culture'This remarkable book covers tremendous ground. Drawing on archival research in three languages over four continents and an enviable command of both the history and science of the environment, Gregory T. Cushman makes a compelling case that guano fundamentally shaped global economic development writ large. This is therefore an important book.' Ariel Ron, Journal of American History'… [an] impressively vast book, which follows guano through time and space and intertwines environmental, social, intellectual, economic and climate histories with the history of colonialism, science, migration and global development … The book is all the more noteworthy as, despite the massive breadth of the book's subject matter, Cushman remains attentive to the people in this history. The book introduces numerous individuals, from explorers, scientific experts, technocrats and colonial administrators through to the workers who mined the guano, nitrates and phosphates and members of the island nations displaced by the mining. All round, this is one of the most impressive books published in the emerging field of global environmental history.' Jim Clifford, Reviews in History'This is as much an environmental history, as it is the history of environmental thought in the Pacific basin. Cushman is an excellent writer, bringing in a variety of perspectives, from scientists, environmental evangelists, politicians, economists and commodity traders, as well as island populations and bird-watchers, going so far as to imagine the perspective of the guano-producing birds themselves. In the hands of a less-talented writer this might have become quite confusing, but instead the persona (and animal) perspectives help anchor and reinforce the tight knit of humankind's relationship with its environment.' Juliette Levy, EH.netTable of ContentsList of illustrations; Preface; Abbreviations and acronyms; Prologue; 1. Introduction; 2. The guano age; 3. Neo-ecological imperialism; 4. Where is Banaba?; 5. Conservation and the technocratic ideal; 6. The most valuable birds in the world; 7. When the Japanese came to dinner; 8. The road to survival; 9. Guano and the Blue Revolution; 10. Conclusion; Select bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisA landmark text on the logical foundations of probability. The essence of Keynes's approach remains important among philosophers today.Table of ContentsPart I. Fundamental Ideas: 1. The meaning of probability; 2. Probability in relation to the theory of knowledge; 3. The measurement of probabilities; 4. The principle of indifference; 5. Other methods of determining probabilities; 6. The weight of arguments; 7. Historical retrospect; 8. The frequency theory of probability; 9. The constructive theory of Part I summarised; Part II. Fundamental Theories: 10. Introductory; 11. The theory of groups, with special inference, and logical priority; 12. The definitions and axioms of inference and probability; 13. The fundamental theorems of necessary inference; 14. The fundamental theorems of probable inference; 15. Numerical measurement and approximation of probabilities; 16. Observations on the theorems of Chapter 14 and their developments including testimony; 17. Some problems in inverse probability, including averages; Part III. Induction and Analogy: 18. Introduction; 19. The nature of argument by analogy; 20. The value of multiplication of instances, or pure induction; 21. The nature of inductive argument continued; 22. The justification of these methods; 23. Some historical notes on induction notes on Part III; Part IV. Some Philosophical Applications of Probability: 24. The meanings of objective chance, and of randomness; 25. Some problems arising out of the discussion of chance; 26. The application of probability to conduct; Part V. The Foundations of Statistical Inference: 27. The nature of statistical inference; 28. The law of great numbers; 29. The use of a priori probabilities for the prediction of statistical frequency - the theorems of Bernoulli, Poisson, and Tchebycheff; 30. The mathematical use of statistical frequencies for the determination of probability a posteriori - the methods of Laplace; 31. The inversion of Bernoulli's theorem; 32. The inductive use of statistical frequencies for the determination of probability a posteriori - the methods of Lexis; 33. Outline of a constructive theory.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is written for anyone who has wondered about the growth of Chinese businesses and their relation to Chinese family and government institutions. Making full use of its partner volume''s findings on village institutions in the southern prefecture of Huizhou, this volume explains how late imperial China''s key regional group of merchants emerged from this prefecture''s village lineages. It identifies the strategies they deployed to overcome the serious obstacles to their domination of major financial transactions and commodity markets throughout much of China from 1500 to 1700. At the same time it describes how the commercial success enjoyed by these ''house firms'' undermined their lineages'' social stability, making them vulnerable to competition from popular religious cults back home. In recounting how rural and urban institutions interacted through state and economic development, McDermott provides a powerful new framework for understanding late imperial China''s distinctiTrade Review'McDermott has written a significant … contribution to the study of merchants and finance in early modern China. Readers should come equipped with a willingness to work through extended narrative digressions and long assessments of conflicting evidence.' Ian M. Miller, Agricultural HistoryTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Ming markets and Huizhou merchants; 2. Ancestral halls and credit: building, investing, and lending; 3. The working world of Huizhou merchants, travel and trade, problems and resolutions; 4. Huizhou merchants and their financial institutions; 5. Huizhou merchants and commercial partnerships; 6. Huizhou house firms: the binds of kinship and commerce; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisIn this, the first comprehensive one-volume survey of the economies of classical antiquity, twenty-eight chapters summarise the current state of scholarship in their specialised fields and sketch new directions for research. The approach taken is both thematic, with chapters on the underlying determinants of economic performance, and chronological, with coverage of the whole of the Greek and Roman worlds extending from the Aegean Bronze Age to Late Antiquity. The contributors move beyond the substantivist-formalist debates that dominated twentieth-century scholarship and display a new interest in economic growth in antiquity. New methods for measuring economic development are explored, often combining textual and archaeological data that have previously been treated separately. Fully accessible to non-specialist, the volume represents a major advance in our understanding of the economic expansion that made the civilisation of the classical Mediterranean world possible.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: 'By presenting current scholarship and its prospective future course, the editors have produced a very important work. Prodigious bibliography … Summing up: highly recommended.' ChoiceReview of the hardback: 'This is certainly an extraordinary book on the Ancient Mediterranean economies that ought to be read and quoted by all historians who work in the field of pre-industrial economics. This excellent project was brought to completion by its 3 editors and 27 contributors over the span of a decade.' Bryn Mawr Classical ReviewTable of Contents1. Introduction Ian Morris, Richard Saller and Walter Scheidel; Part I. Determinants of Economic Performance: 2. Ecology Robert Sallares; 3. Demography Walter Scheidel; 4. Household and gender Richard Saller; 5. Law and economic institutions Bruce W. Frier and Dennis P. Kehoe; 6. Technology Helmuth Schneider; Part II. Early Mediterranean Economies and the Near East: 7. The Aegean Bronze Age John Bennet; 8. Early Iron Age Greece Ian Morris; 9. The Early Iron Age in the western Mediterranean Michael Dietler; 10. Archaic Greece Robin Osborne; 11. The Persian Near East Peter R. Bedford; Part III. Classical Greece: 12. Classical Greece: production John K. Davies; 13. Classical Greece: distribution Astrid Möller; 14. Classical Greece: consumption Sitta von Reden; Part IV. The Hellenistic States: 15. The Hellenistic Near East Robartus J. van der Spek; 16. Hellenistic Egypt Joseph G. Manning; 17. Hellenistic Greece and western Asia Minor Gary Reger; Part V. Early Italy and the Roman Republic: 18. Early Rome and Italy Jean-Paul Morel; 19. The Late Republic William V. Harris; Part VI. The Early Roman Empire: 20. The early Roman empire: production Dennis P. Kehoe; 21. The early Roman empire: distribution Neville Morley; 22. The early Roman empire: consumption Willem M. Jongman; 23. The early Roman empire: the state and the economy Elio Lo Cascio; Part VII. Regional Development in the Roman Empire: 24. The western provinces Philippe Leveau; 25. The eastern Mediterranean Susan E. Alcock; 26. Roman Egypt Dominic W. Rathbone; 27. The frontier zones David Cherry; Part VIII. Epilogue: 28. The transition to late antiquity Andrea Giardina.

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Book SynopsisWhy has Africa remained persistently poor over its recorded history? Has Africa always been poor? What has been the nature of Africa's poverty and how do we explain its origins? This volume takes a necessary interdisciplinary approach to these questions by bringing together perspectives from archaeology, linguistics, history, anthropology, political science and economics.Trade Review'A cast of formidable scholars has written a powerful book with provocative propositions on development, the core of African modernity, brilliantly revealing its long roots and complexities in time, culture, people, and institutions. This will serve as an engaging teaching text for students and compelling instructional tool for policy makers.' Toyin Falola, Jacob and Frances Mossiker Chair in the Humanities, University of Texas, Austin'It has long been time for Africa to be inserted into the Europe-Asia 'great divergence' debate. This volume, containing contributions from the leading practitioners of African economic history, sets us firmly upon such a voyage.' Ralph A. Austen, Professor Emeritus, University of Chicago'Africa's economic and political history is a challenge to most well-established approaches in economics and political science. This book has much to teach and will inspire anybody interested in confronting that challenge.' Daron Acemoglu, Elizabeth and James Killian Professor of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology'The authors have done a great job assembling an excellent group of papers dealing with today's economic development issues through a historical prism. All the key areas are touched upon, with the political economy, health, social capital and trust issues all discussed. A really wonderful book on African development.' Yaw Nyarko, New York University'This volume provides plenty of food for thought … and it is to be hoped that it is not the last of its kind.' Felicitas Becker, ComparativTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction: La Longue Durée: 1. Africa in history Christopher Ehret; 2. Reversal of fortune and socioeconomic development in the Atlantic world: a comparative examination of West Africa and the Americas, 1400–1850 Joseph Inikori; 3. The impact of malaria on African development over the longue durée David N. Weil; 4. African population, 1650–2000: comparisons and implications of new estimates Patrick Manning; Part II. Culture, Entrepreneurialism, and Development: 5. Redistributive pressures in sub-Saharan Africa: causes, consequences, and coping strategies Jean-Philippe Platteau; 6. Accumulation and conspicuous consumption: the poverty of entrepreneurship in Western Nigeria, ca.1850–1930 Ayodeji Olukoju; 7. Changing dynamics of entrepreneurship in nineteenth-century Africa Emmanuel Akyeampong; 8. The textile industry of Eastern Africa in the longue durée William Gervase Clarence-Smith; 9. Explaining and evaluating the cash crop revolution in the 'peasant' colonies of tropical Africa, c.1890–c.1930: beyond 'vent-for-surplus' Gareth Austin; 10. Re-inventing the wheel: the economic benefits of wheeled transportation in early colonial British West Africa Isaias Chaves, Stanley L. Engerman and James A. Robinson; 11. Mbanza Kongo/São Salvador: culture and the transformation of an African city, 1491 to 1670s Linda Heywood; Part III. Institutions: 12. The fragile revolution: rethinking war and development in Africa's violent nineteenth century Richard Reid; 13. The imperial peace Robert Bates; Part IV. External Forces: 14. Dahomey in the world: Dahomean rulers and European demands, 1726–1894 John Thornton; 15. The transatlantic slave trade and the evolution of political authority in West Africa Warren C. Whatley; 16. Gender and missionary influence in colonial Africa Nathan Nunn.

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Book SynopsisThis is the most comprehensive introduction to the ancient Greek economy available in English. A team of specialists provides in non-technical language cutting edge accounts of a wide range of key themes in economic history, explaining how ancient Greek economies functioned and changed, and why they were stable and successful over long periods of time. Through its wide geographical perspective, reaching from the Aegean and the Black Sea to the Near East and Egypt under Greek rule, it reflects on how economic behaviour and institutions were formed and transformed under different political, ecological and social circumstances, and how they interacted and communicated over large distances. With chapters on climate and the environment, market development, inequality and growth, it encourages comparison with other periods of time and cultures, thus being of interest not just to ancient historians but also to readers concerned with economic cultures and global economic issues.Table of Contents1. Introduction Sitta Von Reden; Part I. Diachronic Perspectives: 2. Early iron age economies Irene S. Lemos; 3. The Archaic period Hans Van Wees; 4. The classical period Emily Mackil; 5. Hellenistic economies Sitta Von Reden; Part II. Regional Perspectives: 6. Asia minor Andreas Victor Walser; 7. Northern Greece and the Black sea Zosia H. Archibald; 8. Athens and the Aegean Sylvian Fachard and Alain Bresson; 9. Egypt and the Ptolemaic empire Christelle Fisher-Bovet; 10. Hellenistic Babylonia Hilmar Klinkott; Part III. Structures and Processes: 11. Population Ben Akrigg; 12. Consumption, nutrition and the grain supply John Wilkins; 13. The agricultural economy Daniel Jew; 14. The non-agricultural economy: Artisans, traders, women and slaves Daniel Jew; 15. Markets Alain Bresson; 16. Money, credit and banking David M. Schaps; 17. Dispute Resolution Kaja Harter-Uibopuu; 18. Taxation and tribute Andrew Monson; Part IV. Networks: 19. Religious networks Veronique Chankowski; 20. Monetary networks Peter Van Alfen; 21. Social networks, associations and trade Vincent Gabrielsen; Part V. Performance: 22. Political economy and the growth of markets and capital Armin Eich; 23. New institutional economics, economic growth and institutional change Sitta Von Reden and Barbara Kowalzig; 24. Regionalism, federalism and mediterranean connectivity Emily Mackil; 25. Climate, environment and resources Sturt W. Manning; 26. Technological progress Serafina Cuomo; 27. Inequality Josiah Ober and Walter Scheidel; Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisLegendary economist Hyman Minsky identified author William H. Janeway as a ''theorist-practitioner'' of financial economics; this book is an expression of that double life. Interweaving his unique professional perspective with political and financial history, Janeway narrates the dynamics of the innovation economy from the standpoint of a seasoned practitioner of venture capital, operating on the frontier where innovative technology transforms the market economy. In this fully revised and updated edition, Janeway explains how state investment in national goals enables the innovation process and why financial bubbles accelerate and amplify its impact. Now, the digital revolution, sponsored by the state and funded by speculation, has matured to attack the authority, and even the legitimacy, of governments. The populist response in the west, especially in the United States, opens the door for China to seize leadership of the innovation economy from America.Trade Review'The world has never been more in need of the economic and political insights of William H. Janeway. I can think of few books that have taught me as much as this one. It will help you see the world around you more deeply - how we got here, where we want to go, and how to renew our faith in our institutions and our future. It is wise, insightful, and rich with economic history, the personal stories of a brilliant investor, and an essential call to action for business leaders, investors, and policy makers.' Tim O'Reilly, Founder and CEO O'Reilly Media and Partner, O'Reilly Alphatech'Doing Capitalism in the Innovation Economy is a brilliant (and also much-needed) breath of fresh air. William H. Janeway talks about capitalism as it really is: from his joint perspective as leading-venture-capitalist/leading-economic-theorist.' George Akerlof, Nobel Laureate in Economics, 2001'William H. Janeway's double hat of venture capitalist and economist brings a fresh perspective to bear on the political, economic and financial forces behind innovation. This second edition complements the first by tackling new and really important questions, such as the perception of slower productivity growth, the flood of passive investor capital in search of yield in a low-interest world, or the US disengagement of the state. From the analysis of bubbles as speculative funding through the importance of assured access to cash, Doing Capitalism in the Innovation Economy is key reading for all those interested in the future of innovation.' Jean Tirole, Nobel Laureate in Economics, 2014'Anyone who thinks that innovation is driven by the rational market driven processes of standard economic theory understands neither the history nor the practical reality of innovation. William H. Janeway understands them a lot and has thought deeply about the implications. The result is a superb book which not only debunks mainstream theory but explains the crucial roles which both governments and the private sector must play to drive the innovation which society needs.' Lord Adair Turner, Chair of the Institute for New Economic Thinking'This one-of-a-kind book bringing together insights about venture capital, macroeconomics and the future of technology is now more timely than ever. How to reconcile the dynamism of twenty-first-century technology with the disappointing sluggishness of economic growth and persistent stagnation of wages is one of the great intellectual challenges of our age. The explanation, William H. Janeway suggests, lies at the junction of technology and finance. There is no one better qualified than the author to help us navigate that dangerous intersection.' Barry Eichengreen, George C. Pardee and Helen N. Pardee Professor of Economics and Political Science, University of California, Berkeley'William H. Janeway nails it again. Yes: the innovation game has changed one more time, with different roles for The Three-Player Game that Janeway defined and so accurately portrayed in the first edition. Technological innovations primarily focused on hardware gave way to those focused software which, in turn, gave way to services, which is now giving way to data as the source of competitive advantage. Each of the changes requires a shift in how you play the innovation game. But this last shift will have dire consequences for those who don't fully understand just how fundamental it is. This book is a must read.' John Seely Brown, Former Chief Scientist, Xerox Corp and Director of Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Advisor to the Provost, University of Southern California and Co-chairman, Deloitte Center for the Edge'Since its original publication, William H. Janeway's Doing Capitalism in the Innovation Economy has become a classic, helping to launch the digital revolution and explaining how venture capital has leveraged state investments and financial bubbles to change the world through technological innovation. In this new edition, he looks at the past to predict the future, explaining how the digital revolution has grown and taken on a life of its own - and letting us know, with clarity and insight, what comes next.' Eric Schmidt, Technical Advisor and Former Executive Chairman, Google and Alphabet Inc.'Neither Adam Smith's nor Henry Ford's picture of the economy is relevant for us today. What thumbnail picture is relevant? We do not know, but William H. Janeway thinks harder and more successfully about this question than anybody else I have seen.' J. Bradford DeLong, University of California, BerkeleyIt's fashionable to complain about the misallocated investments of the French, who lean towards buying real estate and government bonds, rather than funding entrepreneurs and start-ups. Politicians regularly announce they want to fix this, but … they ignore almost everything about how venture capital works … Doing Capitalism the Innovation Economy, by American economist Willian H. Janeway, could serve as their guide.' translated from Le Monde'A stunning display of insight and erudition and an important contribution to a long-standing debate about the part government plays in technological progress.' Kirkus Reviews“Doing Capitalism is a must-read for anyone interested in the dynamic interactions of market and politics as well as finance and innovation. It is a kaleidoscopic analysis, full of characters, business drama and theoretical observations. It's the testimony of a lifelong work as theorist-practitioner, crystallizing the lessons of a 40-year professional life … Even if you're not a financier, a technologist, or an academic economist, you'll be inspired by Doing Capitalism.' Laurène Tran, Medium (www.medium.com)Review of previous edition: 'Janeway, who built the technology investment team of Warburg Pincus, has a powerful message: an innovative economy 'begins with discovery and culminates in speculation'. Unfashionably, he insists that the state plays a central role in the innovative economy, as a source of funding for infrastructure and research and as a guarantor of stability when financial speculation ends in disaster, as it tends to do.' Martin Wolf, Financial Times, Best Books of 2012Review of previous edition: '… [an] original and thought-provoking book.' John Cassidy, The New YorkerReview of previous edition: 'A rewarding memoir about the learning, training and life experience required to achieve mastery in the venture economy.' Kirkus ReviewsReview of previous edition: 'This is one of the most intelligent, sensible and insightful books about Wall Street published since the financial implosion of 2008.' Robert Teitelman, SlateTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Learning the Game: 1. Apprenticeship; 2. Discovering computers; 3. Investing in ignorance; Part II. Playing the Game: 4. The financial agent; 5. The road to BEA; 6. Apotheosis; Part III. Understanding the Game: The Role of Bubbles: 7. The banality of bubbles; 8. Explaining bubbles; 9. The necessity of bubbles; Part IV. Understanding the Game: The Role of the State: 10. Where is the state?; 11. 'The failure of market failure'; 12. Tolerating waste.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a fascinating exploration of the evolution of the Portuguese economy over the course of eight centuries, from the foundation of the kingdom in 1143 to the integration of the nation into the European Communities and the Economic and Monetary Union.Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction; 1. The medieval economy, 1143–1500; 2. The age of globalization, 1500–1620; 3. War and recovery, 1620–1703; 4. The Atlantic economy, 1703–1807; 5. The rise of liberalism, 1807–1914; 6. Patterns of convergence, 1914–2010; Conclusion; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis first comprehensive account of French revolutionary thought in the years between the crushing of France''s last nineteenth-century revolution and the re-emergence of socialism as a meaningful electoral force offers new interpretations of the French revolutionary tradition. Drawing together material from Europe, North America, and the South Pacific, Julia Nicholls pieces together the nature and content of French revolutionary thought in this often overlooked era. She shows that this was an important and creative period, in which activists drew upon fresh ideas they encountered in exile across the world to rebuild a revolutionary movement that was both united and politically viable in the changed circumstances of France''s new Third Republic. The relative success of these efforts, moreover, has significant implications for the ways in which we understand the founding years of the Third Republic, the nature of the modern revolutionary tradition, and the origins of European Marxism.Trade Review'Revolutionary Thought after the Paris Commune is an excellent contribution to the scholarship on revolutionary ideas and our understanding of 1871 … the book is well written, based upon a command of primary and secondary sources, and fairly balances both the successes and failures of the post-1871 revolutionary movement.' Casey Harison, European History Quarterly'This is an important contribution to intellectual and modern French history collections.' G. P. Cox, ChoiceTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. The Paris Commune and Accounting for Failure: 1. The commune as Quotidian event; 2. The commune as violent trauma; Part II. Revolution and the Republic: 3. The French revolutionary tradition; 4. Rehabilitating revolution; Part III. Marx, Marxism, and International Socialism: 5. Texts in translation; 6. The origins of Marxism in modern France; Part IV. Empire and Internationalism: 7. Deportation, imperialism, and the Republican State; 8. Exile and universal solidarity; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisIn this distinctive new history of the origins of the Spanish Civil War, James Simpson and Juan Carmona tackle the highly-debated issue of why it was that Spain''s democratic Second Republic failed. They explore the interconnections between economic growth, state capacity, rural social mobility and the creation of mass competitive political parties, and how these limited the effectiveness of the new republican governments, and especially their attempts to tackle economic and social problems within the agricultural sector. They show how political change during the Republic had a major economic impact on the different groups in village society, leading to social conflicts that turned to polarization and finally, with the civil war, to violence and brutality. The democratic Republic failed not so much because of the opposition from the landed elites, but rather because small farmers had been unable to exploit more effectively their newly found political voice.Trade Review'The Spanish Civil War was many wars, Catholics versus anti-clericals, regional nationalists versus centralists – especially military ones, and industrial workers versus employers. Arguably, the most divisive issue was the long-running agrarian war now illuminated by this sophisticated and lucid study. Within a lengthy chronological span and an awareness of the wider European and Latin-American context, the authors have produced a welcome and highly nuanced work that will supplant the now fifty-year old classic on the agrarian question by Edward Malefakis.' Sir Paul Preston, author of The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in Twentieth Century Spain'Why Democracy Failed is a breakthrough study of socioeconomic conditions in Spanish agriculture during the early twentieth century. It strikingly restructures our understanding of the conflicts that lead to the breakdown of the Second Republic, replacing often subjective political interpretations with decisive new data to analyze agrarian conditions and social polarization. Broad in scope and impressively original in content, this is the best new historical account of Spanish agriculture in half a century.' Stanley G. Payne, author of The Spanish Civil War'These two experts in agrarian history advance new and nuanced interpretations of late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Spanish political and economic developments. They make important contributions to the literature on the origins of the Spanish Civil War and place the Spanish situation in a European and global comparative context.' Michael Seidman, author of Transatlantic Antifascism: From the Spanish Civil War to the End of World War II'This is a very important contribution … Highly recommended. General readers, advanced undergraduates through faculty, and professionals.' N. Greene, Choice'Why Democracy Failed is an ambitious and important contribution to the scholarship on European agrarian history and specifically the history of the Second Spanish Republic of the 1930s.' Pamela Radcliff, Agricultural History'… an original and provocative contribution to this debate … [the authors] find their answers in places very different from where historians usually look.' Adrian Shubert, Journal of Modern History'… essential reading for anyone looking to understand how Spain's problems of inequality led to such a brutal and violent reaction.' Sergio Riesco, EH.net (Economic History Association)Table of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. The European Experience: Economic and Political Development, 1870–1939: 1. The modernization of European societies; 2. European agriculture in an age of economic instability; Part II. Spanish Agriculture, Economic Development and Democracy: 3. The limits to Spanish modernization, 1850–1936; 4. Agricultural growth, regional diversity, and regional land-tenure regimes; Part III. Explaining the Weakness of the Family Farm: 5. The family farm and the limits to village – level cooperation; 6. The persistence of the landed elites and the nature of farm lobbies; Part IV. Rural Elites, Poverty, and the Attempts at Land Reform: 7. Land ownership, economic development and poverty in Andalusia and southern Spain; 8. The limits to land reform; Part V. Rural Conflicts and the Polarization of Village Society: 9. Creating parties, political alliances, and interest groups: rural politics in the 1930s; 10. The growing polarization of rural society during the Second Republic; Conclusion; Appendix 1. Agricultural statistics in Spain, France and Italy in the early 1930s; Appendix 2. Dry-farming and the economics of the family farm.

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Book SynopsisA vivid social history of Baltimore''s prostitution trade and its evolution throughout the nineteenth century, Bawdy City centers women in a story of the relationship between sexuality, capitalism, and law. Beginning in the colonial period, prostitution was little more than a subsistence trade. However, by the 1840s, urban growth and changing patterns of household labor ushered in a booming brothel industry. The women who oversaw and labored within these brothels were economic agents surviving and thriving in an urban world hostile to their presence. With the rise of urban leisure industries and policing practices that spelled the end of sex establishments, the industry survived for only a few decades. Yet, even within this brief period, brothels and their residents altered the geographies, economy, and policies of Baltimore in profound ways. Hemphill''s critical narrative of gender and labor shows how sexual commerce and debates over its regulation shaped an American city.Trade Review'Katie M. Hemphill's superb book delivers both a big-picture arc, showing how economic forces shaped the market for commercial sex, and an amazing wealth of detail about transactional sex from brothels to beer gardens. She gives voice to sex workers and vice reformers alike, an impressive feat of archival research.' Patricia Cline Cohen, author of The Murder of Helen Jewett: The Life and Death of a Prostitute in Nineteenth-Century New York'Skillfully answering the call for a gendered history of capitalism, Hemphill situates the sex trade in contentious struggles over real estate development, property rights, and class formation. Well written and carefully researched, Bawdy City keeps women at the center of the story, all the while revealing men's power to extract wealth from sexual commerce.' Seth Rockman, Brown University, Rhode Island'… Hemphill's meticulous archival research into court dockets, tax records, and almshouse admission books allows her to highlight the lives of prostitutes and madams. In the end, she convincingly shows how the labors of these otherwise forgotten women contributed to the development of Baltimore; at the same time we see vice pushed into African American communities.' Jessica R. Pliley, The MetropoleTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. The Rise of Prostitution in the Early Republic: 1. Selling sex in the early republic; 2. The expansion of prostitution and the rise of the brothel; 3. Brothel prostitution and antebellum urban commercial networks; Part II. Regulating and Policing the Sex Trade: 4. Policing the expanding sex trade; 5. 'Our patriotic friends': selling sex in the Civil War era; 6. Prostitution, policing, and property rights in the Gilded Age; Part III. Change and Decline in the Brothel Trade: 7. Black Baltimoreans and the bawdy trade; 8. Rise of urban leisure and the decline of brothels; 9. The end of an era; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisA holistic understanding of the diverse history of the cross-border Central African Copperbelt, considered here as a single region, this study integrates neglected aspects of Copperbelt history including women, non-mining communities, informal settlements and urban agriculture into the region's history.Trade Review'This is a superb book, a model for combining social history with the history of knowledge production. It not only offers fresh perspectives on the Central African Copperbelt, but sets an example for a better understanding and a nuanced interpretation of broader transformations in Africa since the 1950s.' Andreas Eckert, Humboldt University Berlin'This book helps us see the central African Copperbelt in a new light. Company towns were fulcrums for new forms of thought, engines for the creation of new kinds of culture, incubators for new literary projects, forcing-houses for new kinds of politics. Grounded on research in a wide range of archives, and drawing from oral interviews in Zambia and the Congo, Miles Larmer's impressive book gives labor history new dimensions, helping us glimpse the intellectual worlds where miners lived.' Derek Peterson, University of Michigan'… an excellent book, that is innovative in its border-crossing approach of the Central African Copperbelt, in its combination of social and intellectual history, and in its incisive critique of mining industry, during and after colonial rule.' Geert Castryck, H-Soz-KultTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Imagining the Copperbelts; 2. Boom Time – Revisiting Capital and Labour in the Copperbelt; 3. Space, Segregation and Socialisation; 4. Political Activism, Organisation and Change in the Late Colonial Copperbelt; 5. Gendering the Copperbelt; 6. Nationalism and Nationalisation; 7. Copperbelt cultures from the Kalela Dance to the Beautiful Time; 8. Decline and Fall: Crisis and the Copperbelt, 1975-2000; 9. Remaking the Land: Environmental Change in the Copperbelt's history, present and future; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisAround 15,000 years ago, almost all humans lived in small mobile foraging bands. By about 5,000 years ago, the first city-states had appeared. This radical transformation in human society laid the foundations for the modern world. We use economic logic and archaeological evidence to explain six key elements in this revolution: sedentism, agriculture, inequality, warfare, cities, and states. In our approach the ultimate cause of these events was climate change. We show how shifts in climate interacted with geography to drive technological innovation and population growth. The accumulation of population at especially rich locations led to creation of group property rights over land, stratification into elite and commoner classes, and warfare over land among rival elites. This set the stage for urbanization based on manufacturing or military defense and for elite-controlled states based on taxation. Our closing chapter shows how these developments eventually resulted in contemporary globaTrade Review'In the last decade, it has become more and more obvious that it is impossible to understand the divergence in human societies without taking a deep historical perspective and embracing the wisdom in the social sciences outside of economics. This book pulls together the insights of two of the leaders of this dramatic intellectual transition. Remarkable and path-breaking.' James Robinson, University of Chicago'This book is remarkable. It proposes an elegant microeconomic theory that grapples well with archaeology's confusingly rich prehistoric record. The book looks deeply and broadly to discuss how rational decisions may underlie major social transitions including beginning agriculture, expanding warfare, and first urbanism. The authors emphasize the value of generality with a unified theory that admirably challenges prehistorians to contemplate coherence in human history, anthropologists to reconsider their commitment to cultural uniqueness, and economists to incorporate long-term human prehistory in theory building.' Timothy Earle, Northwestern University'This is the first book that applies modern economic analysis to the study of prehistory and explains how it's done. More than that, it presents the approach in such a way as to be accessible to a range of relevant audiences that do not have strong mathematical skills. I think it could mark the beginning of a new interdisciplinary field. The book is a model of reasoned lucidity as it explains the nature of economic models and economic approaches to non-economists, and addresses the many objections that non-economists tend to have.' Stephen Shennan, University College London'In this one-of-a-kind book, economic theory meets history to shed a lot of light on how and why (some) human beings moved from living in nomadic, egalitarian communities of hunter-gatherers to agriculture, unequal societies, and powerful states. The authors offer us the best of political economy: elegant theory, lots of evidence, great insights. A must-read for those interested in development and, more generally, in our origins.' Carles Boix, Princeton University'Dow and Reed's efforts to explain the transitions that gave rise to agrarian civilizations by applying the tools of modern economics constitute the most sophisticated and up-to-date work of its kind. It comes together here in a book that is at once deeply scholarly, original, and accessible to non-specialists, thanks to clear discursive summaries. It is must-reading for all concerned with the origins of the societies that were crucial stepping stones toward today's world.' Louis Putterman, Brown University'In this book, Greg Dow and Clyde Reed summarize their own and other economists' important recent research on six fundamental transitions that shaped the world as we know it. I am convinced that their theoretical analysis of the emergence of sedentism, agriculture, inequality, war, cities, and states in prehistory will be a key reference for future research in the field and for economists with an interest in long-run development.' Ola Olsson, University of GothenburgTable of Contents1. Economics meets Archaeology; 2. A Primer on Malthusian Economics; Part I. Sedentism and Agriculture: 3. The Upper Paleolithic; 4. The transition to Sedentism; 5. The transition to Agriculture; Part II. Inequality and Warfare: 6. The transition to Inequality; 7. Warfare between Egalitarian groups; 8. Warfare between Elite groups; Part III. Cities and States: 9. Mesopotamian city-states: Data and hypotheses; 10. Mesopotamian city-states: A formal model; 11. The emergence of Cities and States.

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Book SynopsisIn the crises of the past fifteen years, central bankers have become big public players in a drama that affects all our lives, involving financial market crashes, public health threats and devastating economic downturns. Having played a lead role in the global financial crisis and the coronavirus crisis, they are now being asked to broaden their appeal. But the key aim has always been one of simply ensuring monetary and financial stability. In this book, NIESR director Jagjit Chadha unpacks the world of central banking, explaining in accessible language the analytical techniques, policy toolkits or simple story-telling that they use to understand the economy, to implement monetary policy and to communicate their decisions to key decision-makers and the wider public.Trade Review'This wonderful book illuminates, entertains, explains and demystifies that most essential but rarely-understood entity, money. Above all, it demonstrates the link between money and the capacity of the state to tackle any collective problems: money fundamentally matters and so, therefore, do its minders in central banks. This book describes how central bankers think about their task, what models and evidence they use to make decisions about interest rates and other tools at their disposal - and also sets out how they should think about it.' Diane Coyle, University of Cambridge'A book like this has been needed for a long time: a primer on money-credit theory and practice for the interested generalist, which is up to date, informed by theory without drowning in abstraction, engages with the hazards of policy making, and takes institutions seriously.' Paul Tucker, Harvard Kennedy School'Through a fascinating series of old stories, lessons from economic history, and modern models, the author describes how central banking learned to provide stability in the value of money and financial stability. It is a must read for all students of money matters.' Michael Bordo, Rutgers Economics'This is a great book for anyone studying monetary economics in the UK. It will be perfect for undergraduates, and even graduates would benefit from it. It covers all the main issues in a clear and accessible style, with a great use of diagrams and appropriate quotations. It provides a good read, and the analysis is well done and sensible throughout.' Charles Goodhart, London School of Economics'… central bankers have limited political legitimacy. Here Chadha echoes Paul Tucker, former deputy governor of the Bank of England, about the need for central bankers to leave responsibility for picking winners and losers to politicians. The best central bankers can hope to achieve is 'stability'. Chadha finishes his book with a warning about how long it will take for the Bank of England to recover from its exertions in response to the financial crisis and the pandemic; he also calls for a broad reconsideration of its mandate. Both issues are at the top of the political agenda in Britain. Chadha's argument is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand that debate.' Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, vol. 64, no. 5, October–November 2022Table of Contents1. Of gold and paper money; 2. The great depression and its legacy; 3. Fine tuning out of control; 4. A science of monetary policy; 5. Where the great experiment went wrong; 6. A new art of central banking; Epilogue 1. Why forecast?; Epilogue 2. Monetary policy in troubled times; A final word; Index.

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Book SynopsisEstablishes a new and critical perspective on management by reassessing interpretations of the subject's 'founding fathers' and the role of history in the development of assumptions about what constitutes good management theory and practice. It is for graduate students, researchers and students of business, organization, and management history.Trade Review'Much of management thought is based on taken for granted assumptions about 'best practices' that emerged from a very narrow space of place and time. Cummings, Bridgman, Hassard and Rowlinson deftly strip away these cultural and historical assumptions and raise serious questions about what we think we know about management. Like the Matrix, A New History of Management will make you see the world of business in a whole new way.' Roy Suddaby, University of Victoria, Canada and Newcastle University'This book settles the matter once and for all: sustainability and social responsibility are not fads but the very heart of what management is about. The authors have done a monumental service by restoring this vision to its central place and showing us how to achieve it.' Ellen S. O'Connor, Institute for Leadership Studies, Dominican University of California'This marvellous book, thoughtful and constructively critical, does a great service to the field in seeking to retell management history by exploring the development of management theories afresh. If we want to imagine possibilities for the future, we must review the past.' Haridimos Tsoukas, University of Warwick and University of Cyprus'This brilliant, ambitious book more than lives up to its promise. By revisiting the history of management theory, it uncovers surprising ideological underpinnings and provides a roadmap to rethink management's origins, traditions and horizons.' Raza Mir, William Patterson University, New Jersey'Michel Foucault argued that curiosity, innovation in thinking and a refusal to accept the self-evident were objectives to which scholars should aspire. A New History of Management attains these heights. To read the book as a counter history to management's woeful attempts to understand itself and its role, is an invitation 'to think differently'. Perhaps, it can also persuade us to act differently too.' Gibson Burrell, University of Leicester and University of Manchester'This superb new history of management represents a major, landmark contribution to what is still a neglected and poorly understood topic.' Christopher Grey, Royal Holloway, University of London'In the Wizard of Oz author Frank Baum encourages us to follow the yellow brick road to truth and happiness, ending with the unmasking of the Wizard as a very small (minded) man with a large megaphone. A New History of Management takes us on a much needed journey to look at the scenes of the production of management history. It reveals not one yellow-brick road (rooted in Western thought) but a series of different coloured pathways whose origins lie in places across the globe in the conceptualization of management. Along the way Cummings et al expose the wizardry that goes into producing dominant views of management, unmasking a very limited, male-centered project that reduces management thought to a for profit focus. The effect is liberating and allows us to rethink the character and purposes of management.' Albert Mills, Sobey School of Business, Saint Mary's University, Canada'Through their careful dissection of the history of management, the authors of this powerful book interrogate the common sense beliefs which silently have reduced management to a question of efficiency of control. By opening up the history of management beyond these false images of thought, this book offers a much-needed resource for radically rethinking what management is and what it can be.' Torkild Thanem, Stockholm University School of Business'A New History of Management (ANHM) … provides a novel and refreshing perspective on the history of organization and management thought. Reading this book rejuvenated my optimism on the role history can play in both shaping our view of the past and its potential to inform how we see the future … The lucidity of ANHM has the potential to simultaneously broaden the historical organization studies audience, while also challenging researchers to deploy the innovative potential of history.' Gabrielle Durepos, Organization'A New History of Management is an ambitious work, crafted around a compelling argument: to change the future of management practice, we should look 'more deeply at out interpretations of the past and how these limit our horizons' … The material that follows is well crafted, insightful and compelling. The theory that underpins well-structured arguments is presented beautifully, making reading a pleasure and analysis easy to follow.' Guy Huber, Management Learning'A New History of Management (ANHM) sets a renewed and higher standard for teaching the history of our field. It confronts commonly accepted textbook representations of the history of management with novel interpretations of 'classical texts', supported by new historical case materials, which together challenge many conventional narratives about management that would typically be taught in business schools. … The major strength of ANHM is that it specifically unsettles the conceptual dominance of the concept of efficiency and instead, invites its readers into a history of management filled with other concepts for innovatively responding to contemporary concerns in business and management.' Gemma Lord, Academy of Management Learning and Education'I found this well-edited book highly readable and informative, as well as having the advantage of being in an affordable paperback edition. It also has some very good illustrations of original documents. The work has, in addition, a full bibliography and index, which is highly commendable and CUP has produced an elegantly presented text, as might be expected.' Malcolm Warner, Journal of General ManagementTable of Contents1. Rethinking the map of management history; 2. Management's formation: the importance of the liberal context; 3. To what end? The nature of management's classical approach; 4. The birth of organization science: or what we could learn from Max Weber; 5. The institution of the business school; 6. The discovery of the human worker; 7. Textbook distortions: how management textbooks process history and limit future thinking; 8. The invention of corporate culture; 9. Remaking management history: new foundations for the future.

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Book SynopsisHow did England, once a minor regional power, become a global hegemon between 1689 and 1815? Why, over the same period, did she become the world's first industrial nation? Gary W. Cox addresses these questions in Marketing Sovereign Promises. The book examines two central issues: the origins of the great taxing power of the modern state and how that power is made compatible with economic growth. Part I considers England's rise after the revolution of 1689, highlighting the establishment of annual budgets with shutdown reversions. This core reform effected a great increase in per capita tax extraction. Part II investigates the regional and global spread of British budgeting ideas. Cox argues that states grew only if they addressed a central credibility problem afflicting the Ancien RÃgime - that rulers were legally entitled to spend public revenue however they deemed fit.Trade Review'Seventeenth-century British public finance stands at the intersection of several fields of scholarship - economics, political science, and history - and research on it lies at the foundation of contemporary political economy. In this important work, Gary W. Cox revisits the topic and offers an interpretation of his own. The book is pure Cox: deeply researched, closely argued, and profound - political economy done right.' Robert H. Bates, Harvard University, Massachusetts'This is a major contribution to institutional economics, the application of those methods to understanding British political development, the comparative history of fiscal constitutions, and an interesting extension of arguments about the Industrial Revolution.' Michael Braddick, Sheffield University'Cox combines attention to history with carefully laid out models of political economy to understand just how England arrived at limited government. This is the most important book in historical political economy in the last decade.' Jean-Laurent Rosenthal, California Institute of Technology'Cox provides us with an important new analysis of a critical historical episode, the growth of parliamentary responsibility in Britain, its economic consequences, and the diffusion of this practice to other countries. He adds greatly to our understanding of how the modern state came to be.' David Stasavage, New York University'Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty.' B. B. Andrew, ChoiceTable of Contents1. Sovereign credibility and public revenue; Part I. The Glorious Revolution and the English State: 2. The market for taxes and platforms; 3. More credible platforms, more taxes; 4. Pricing sovereign debts; 5. Establishing monopoly brokerage of sovereign debts; 6. The consequences of monopoly brokerage of debt; 7. Property rights; 8. From constitutional commitment to Industrial Revolution; 9. Summarizing the Revolution; Part II. The English Constitutional Diaspora: 10. Exporting the Revolution - the early adopters; 11. Exporting the Revolution - the late adopters; 12. Good political institutions.

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Book SynopsisThis major work of reference surveys the coinage of Spain and Portugal from c.1000 to 1500. It considers how money circulated throughout the peninsula, offering new syntheses of the monetary history of the individual kingdoms and includes an extensive catalogue of coins in the collection of the Fitzwilliam Museum.Trade Review'This book must be part of every library whose owner intends to deal seriously with medieval numismatics.' Ursula Kampmann, Coins WeeklyTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Finds, hoards and monetary circulation in the Iberian Peninsula; 3. The Muslim element; 4. The Carolingians and the earliest coinages to c.1100; 5. The crown of Catalonia-Aragon; 6. The kingdom of Majorca, 1276–1343; 7. The kingdom of Navarre; 8. The kingdom of Castile-León; 9. Kingdom of Portugal; Appendices; Bibliography; Catalogue; Concordances.

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Book SynopsisDrawing on macro-historical sociological theories, this book traces the development of intellectual property as a new type of legal property in the modern nation-state system. In its current form, intellectual property is considered part of an infrastructure of state power that incentivizes innovation, creativity, and scientific development, all engines of economic growth. To show how this infrastructure of power emerged, Laura Ford follows macro-historical social theorists, including Michael Mann and Max Weber, back to antiquity, revealing that legal instruments very similar to modern intellectual property have existed for a long time and have also been deployed for similar purposes. Using comparative and historical evidence, this groundbreaking work reflects on the role of intellectual property in our contemporary political communities and societies; on the close relationship between law and religion; and on the extent to which law''s obliging force depends on ancient, written traditTrade Review'A remarkable tour de force, a highly original if loosely Weberian book, tracing the development of intellectual property rights as a form of infrastructural power from the conferment of Roman legal privileges, then successively inflected by Christianity, the nation-state, and globalization, as these rights became seen as a way of stimulating intellectual creativity and economic growth.' Michael Mann, Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus, Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles'The author of this ambitious and well-written volume attempts to both synthesize and add to what we know about the historical emergence of intellectual property law. She not only covers two thousand years of legal history in an exemplary manner, but also makes many exciting forays into unknown territory. This work represents a milestone in the scholarship on intellectual property. It is of much interest not only to scholars in law but also in history and social science.' Richard Swedberg, Professor Emeritus, Department of Sociology, Cornell University'Books that make the familiar over are comfy. Books that make the familiar new are exciting. The Intellectual Property of Nations is a book of the latter kind. It shows that the roots of intellectual property law are to be found in the Roman law of privilege - the status of being protected from others' interference with one's activities - as developed over more than two thousand years, shaped by Christian through liberal thought, monarchical through democratic government, and agricultural though digital economies. The story is both surprising and wondrous. Read and enjoy.' John Henry Schlegel, UB Distinguished Professor and Floyd H. & Hilda L. Hurst Faculty Scholar, University at Buffalo School of Law'... This book is a work of art, that reads like a novel, but blows your mind like a documentary on a topic that you thought you were already schooled in! The book will appeal to any reader interested in broadening their contextual understanding of intellectual property, as well as those considering the globalised future of IP.' Hayleigh Bosher, The IPKat blog (https://ipkitten.blogspot.com/)Table of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Legal Institutions and Social Power: Setting the Stage; 2. Legal Orders and Social Performance: Founding Facebook; 3. Instruments of Legal Power in the Roman Republic; 4. Semantic Legal Ordering: Idealizing Roman Law; 5. Cultural Transformations: Christianizing Legal Power; 6. Privileges and Immunities in a Sacramentalizing Order; 7. Administrative Kingship and Covenantal Bonds: Early Roots of Intellectual Property in England; 8. Intellectual Property in a Nationalizing Order; 9. Cultural Transformations: Naturalizing Intellectual Property; 10. Semantic Legal Ordering: Idealizing Intellectual Property; 11. Instruments of Legal Power in the American Republic; 12. Legal Institutions and Social Performance: Founding a Global Order; Conclusion – The Intellectual Property of Nations.

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