Economic history Books

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Book SynopsisAristotle’s Economics is a thoughtful and comprehensive account of Aristotle's intellectual system. Drawing upon all of his surviving writings, this book deftly illustrates how Aristotle considered economics to be just one of many topics which made up the social and political whole.Trade Review‘With a unique and astute approach, David Reisman shows that Aristotle espoused a political economy which promoted a middle ground between free markets and government control. In doing so, he weaves together the many strands of Aristotle's thinking, explores his kinship to a variety of theories of political economy and offers lessons for contemporary economics.’ -- Donald Stabile, St. Mary's College of Maryland, USTable of ContentsContents: 1 Introduction 2 A code of conduct 3 A science of society 4 Property 5 Exchange 6 Exchange gone wrong 7 Consumption 8 Nature in motion 9 The state 10 Intervention and reform 11 The constitution 12 Aristotle today References Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContents: Preface ix PART I FINANCIAL INSTABILITY AFTER THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: TAXONOMY AND MODELS 1. The Global Financial Crisis 2 Vincenzo D’Apice and Giovanni Ferri 2. Minsky’s financial instability hypothesis 22 Maria Nikolaidi 3. Financial accelerator framework 45 Tommaso Oliviero and Giovanni W. Puopolo PART II MAIN CHANNELS OF TRANSMISSION OF THE FINANCIAL SHOCK 4. The role of the household balance sheets 66 Christophe André 5. The European network of cross-border lending 93 Ornella Ricci and Francesco Saverio Stentella Lopes 6. International banks and the transmission of financial shocks 111 Eugenio Cerutti and Haonan Zhou 7. The role of bank ownership types and business models 135 Giorgio Caselli 8. The role of market valuation in financial crises 159 Paola Bongini and Emanuele Rossi PART III THE ROLE OF PUBLIC POLICIES 9. Reflections on the shifting consensus about monetary and fiscal policies following the GFC and the COVID-19 crises 180 Alex Cukierman 10. Fiscal policy lessons since the Global Financial Crisis 199 Jérémie Cohen-Setton 11. The government as lender of last resort and temporary owner 212 Aneta Hryckiewicz 12. The sovereign-bank nexus 241 Giovanni Ferri and Valerio Pesic 13. Financial reforms 262 Alexandre Garel and Arthur Petit-Romec PART IV LEARNING FROM PAST FINANCIAL CRISES TO PREVENT FUTURE ONES 14. Looking back: a historical perspective on European crises 289 Elias Bengtsson 15. Looking ahead: early warning systems 314 E. Philip Davis and Dilruba Karim Index 349

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Book SynopsisTrade Review‘At a time when mainstream economists have practically abandoned the teaching of the history of economic thought in numerous economics undergraduate university programs internationally, professors Hassan Bougrine and Louis-Philippe Rochon should be commended for trying to reverse this tendency. They have brought together a truly first-class international group of distinguished non-mainstream economists to counter this growing collective amnesia in the economics profession by presenting and reassessing not only past developments in economic thinking going as far back as the eighteenth century, but also by analyzing contemporary schools of thought. This is a book that can be used as a textbook or as an additional source of stimulating reading, especially appropriate for students enrolled in any undergraduate course covering the broad field of economic thought, both historical and contemporary.’ -- Mario Seccareccia, University of Ottawa, Canada and Editor of the International Journal of Political Economy‘Economics claims to be a regularly advancing science. Its history will be a story of progress. We look to the early thinkers – the Classics – largely for anticipations of our advanced scientific work. Not so in this book; it does show the progress of the mainstream – but it is progress up a blind alley; and we see a return to the Classics, but it is to find the point at which the discipline went off the rails. An alternative, vigorous and progressive picture of the economy is presented in well-written and well-researched articles, focusing on a good selection of the greatest economists. The book presents a good account of the actual state of the discipline; far from being a regularly advancing science, it is a sometimes chaotic scene of intellectual conflict, fascinating and very exciting at times!’ -- Edward J. Nell, New School for Social Research, US‘It’s always a good time to read a book on the history of economic thought. At least for the sake of history, which revives the narratives rooted in both language and imagination; and suggests the taste for adventure, grounded in research and discovery. The merit of this book is to bring us into this journey using fourteen suggestions cast in a thematic way. Taken as a whole, the book unearths economics as a sort of lost civilization; read just in specific chapters, each appears as an intriguing detail inspiring for further inquiries. Structure and brilliant exposure make the book interesting to students and scholars. They are both exposed to the evidence of a process that through successive stratifications built the meaning of economics: by the exercise of memory all fragments become pillars of knowledge. No need to decide winners or losers, just the same ambivalent emotion to discover that the open questions for our future are still so like those of the great thinkers who preceded us.’ -- Anna-Maria Variato, University of Bergamo, ItalyTable of ContentsContents: Introduction to A Brief History of Economic Thought 1 Hassan Bougrine and Louis-Philippe Rochon PART I THE HISTORY OF ECONOMICS BEFORE KEYNES 1 The Mercantilists and Physiocrats 4 Hassan Bougrine 2 The Classical School 14 Suranjana Nabar-Bhaduri and Matías Vernengo 3 Karl Marx and the Marxist School 35 Scott Carter 4 The Neoclassical School 54 Hassan Bougrine PART II KEYNES AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES 5 John Maynard Keynes 74 Amitava Dutt 6 Michał Kalecki 94 Malcolm Sawyer 7 Thorstein Bunde Veblen 112 Guglielmo Forges Davanzati 8 Joseph Alois Schumpeter 125 Nicola De Liso 9 Karl Polanyi: The Place of the Economy in Society 148 Claus Thomasberger PART III THE HISTORY OF ECONOMICS AFTER KEYNES 10 The Keynesian School and the Neoclassical Synthesis 173 John E. King 11 Milton Friedman and the Monetarist School 193 Sergio Rossi 12 The Rational Expectations School 211 William McColloch and Matías Vernengo 13 The New Keynesian School 228 Steven Pressman 14 The Post-Keynesian School 246 Louis-Philippe Rochon Author index 273 Subject index 278

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction to The Behavioural Economics of John Maynard Keynes 2. Fundamentals of economics 3. Rational choice: a normative concept 4. Choice under uncertainty: animal spirits 5. Expectations over time 6. Socially embedded individuals 7. The resurrection and fall of homo oeconomicus 8. Conclusion: the economy we live in References Index

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Book SynopsisProsper from the profitable opportunities of the next financial market super boom In 1976, Yale Hirsch predicted a fifteen-year super booma move in the stock market of 500% or more. His forecast proved accurate as the market rose and continued upward, eventually posting growth over 1,000% just before the tech crash in 2000. In Super Boom, Jeffrey Hirsch, President of the Hirsch Organization and Editor in Chief of the Stock Trader''s Almanac, unveils the next market expansion. Building on his father''s research from 1976, Hirsch has discovered that meteoric rises in stock indices are due to specific catalysts predominantly outside of the financial markets. History has a way of repeating itself, especially in the financial markets. The American economy, and subsequently the world economy, has always existed in a cycle of boom and bust: gold, grain, oil, technology, and most recently, real estate, have all bubbled and popped. The key to investing profitablyTable of ContentsForeword ix Acknowledgments xiii PART I Anatomy of a Super Boom Chapter 1 The Boom Equation 3The math behind the move Chapter 2 A Strangled Economy 15From slump to powerhouse PART II The Fortune Tellers Chapter 3 The History of Ignorance and the Ignorance of History 37Dow 36,000 and the dangers of erroneous assumptions Chapter 4 An Argument against Financial Calamity 49The best case for and against all hell breaking loose Chapter 5 Yale Hirsch and the 500 Percent Move 57Discovering the boom pattern PART III Booms and Busts of the Twentieth Century Chapter 6 Panics, World War I, and the Roaring Twenties 81From the Rich Man's Panic to the first recorded super boom Chapter 7 Depression, World War II, and the Baby Boom 87The greatest generation births a boom Chapter 8 Vietnam, Stagflation, and the Information Revolution 95The greatest boom ever: bigger, faster, longer, higher PART IV The Prodigal Pattern Returns Chapter 9 Inflation 111The history and impact of the Consumer Price Index Chapter 10 Investment Ideas and Strategies 129How to profit now and during a super boom Appendix A Yale Hirsch's 1977 Stock Picks 149 Appendix B 1977 Smart Money Newsletter Reprinted 161 Key Terms 171 About the Author 175 Index 177

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Book SynopsisEconomic Theory and the Ancient Mediterranean presents a comprehensive introduction to the application of contemporary economic theory to the ancient societies of the Mediterranean Sea from the period of 5000 BCE to 400 CE.Trade Review"It is a majestic manual on economics...covering basically the full spectrum of standard economic theory. ...[T]he book is a powerful, even if advanced tool, to develop an understanding of economic theories." (Nordicum-Mediterraneum, 1 January 2015)Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Introduction 1 Rationale 1 Organization 2 Method 3 Reader Outcomes 3 Themes 4 Relevance and Applicability 5 References 6 Notes 6 1 Production 8 1.1 The Production Function 9 1.2 The “Law” of Variable Proportions 11 1.3 Substitution 13 1.4 Measuring Substitution 15 1.5 Specific “Functional Forms” for Production Functions 16 1.6 Attributing Products to Inputs: Distributing Income from Production 17 1.7 Efficiency and the Choice of How to Produce 18 1.8 Predictions of Production Theory 1: Input Price Changes 20 1.9 Predictions of Production Theory 2: Technological Changes 21 1.10 Stocks and Flows 22 1.11 The Distribution of Income 23 1.12 Production Functions in Achaemenid Babylonia 25 References 26 Suggested Readings 27 Notes 27 2 Cost and Supply 29 2.1 The Cost Function 31 2.2 Short Run and Long Run 32 2.3 The Relationship between Cost and Production 33 2.4 Producers’ Objectives 34 2.5 Supply Curves 35 2.6 Demands for Factors of Production 40 2.7 Factor Costs in General:Wages and Rents 41 2.8 Allocation of Factors across Activities 43 2.9 Organizing Production:The Firm 43 2.10 A More General Treatment of Cost Functions 46 2.11 The Economics of Mycenaean Vases, I: Supply and Cost 47 2.12 Accounting for Apparent Cost Changes in Minoan Pottery 49 2.13 Production in an Entire Economy: The Production Possibilities Frontier 50 References 52 Suggested Readings 53 Notes 53 3 Consumption 55 3.1 Rationality of the Consumer 57 3.2 The Budget 57 3.3 Utility and Indifference Curves 58 3.4 Demand 60 3.5 Demand Elasticities 63 3.6 Aggregate Demand 65 3.7 Evaluating Changes inWellbeing 66 3.8 Price and Consumption Indexes 70 3.9 Intertemporal Choice 73 3.10 Durable Goods and Discrete Choice 75 3.11 Variety and Differentiated Goods 79 3.12 Value of Time and Household Production 82 3.13 Risk, Risk Aversion, and Expected Utility 86 3.14 Irrational Behavior 88 3.15 Fixed Prices 90 3.16 Applying Demand Concepts: Relationships between Housing Consumption, Housing Prices, and Incomes in Pompeii 93 3.17 The Economics of Mycenaean Vases, II: Demand 96 References 99 Suggested Readings 99 Notes 100 4 Industry Structure and the Types of Competition 103 4.1 Perfect Competition 104 4.2 Competitive Equilibrium 106 4.3 Monopoly 108 4.4 Oligopoly 110 4.5 Monopolistic Competition 111 4.6 Contestable Markets 112 4.7 Buyer’s Power: Monopsony 113 4.8 The Economics of Mycenaean Vases, III: Industry Structure 114 4.9 Ancient Monopoly and Oligopoly: Religion and Foreign Trade 115 References 117 Suggested Readings 118 Notes 118 5 General Equilibrium 120 5.1 General Equilibrium as a Fact and as a Model 120 5.1.1 The facts 121 5.1.2 The models 121 5.1.3 The questions 123 5.2 TheWalrasian Model 124 5.3 Exchange 127 5.4 The Two-Sector Model 128 5.4.1 The basics with the Lerner–Pearce diagram 128 5.4.2 Growth in factor supplies 130 5.4.3 Technical change 132 5.5 Existence and Uniqueness of Equilibrium 133 5.6 Computable General Equilibrium Models 134 References 136 Suggested Readings 137 Notes 137 6 Public Economics 139 6.1 Government in the Economy: Scope of Activities, Modern and Ancient 139 6.2 Private Goods, Public Goods, and Externalities 141 6.2.1 Private goods 141 6.2.2 Public goods 142 6.2.3 Externalities 143 6.3 Raising Revenue 149 6.3.1 Taxation 1: rationales and instruments 149 6.3.2 Taxation 2: effects of taxes 154 6.3.3 Taxation 3: tax incidence (who really pays?) 165 6.3.4 Taxation 4: optimal tax systems 169 6.3.5 Other revenue sources 173 6.4 TheTheory of Second Best 174 6.5 Government Productive Activities 175 6.5.1 Public production and pricing 175 6.5.2 The supply of public goods and social choice mechanisms 181 6.5.3 Public investment and cost–benefit analysis 186 6.6 Regulation of Private Economic Activities 191 6.6.1 Rent seeking 192 6.6.2 The costs of regulation: the Averch–Johnson effect 193 6.7 The Behavior of Government and Government Agencies 194 6.7.1 Theories of government 194 6.7.2 Theories of bureaucracy 195 6.7.3 Levels of government 196 6.8 Suggestions for Using the Material of this Chapter 196 References 197 Suggested Readings 199 Notes 199 7 The Economics of Information and Risk 202 7.1 Risk 202 7.1.1 The ubiquity of risky decisions 203 7.1.2 Concepts and measurement 205 7.1.3 Risk and behavior: expected utility 209 7.1.4 Risk versus uncertainty: the substance of probabilities 215 7.2 Information and Learning 217 7.2.1 The structure of information 217 7.2.2 Learning as Bayesian updating 218 7.2.3 Experts and groups 223 7.3 Dealing with Nature’s Uncertainty 225 7.3.1 Contingent markets 225 7.3.2 Portfolios and diversification 230 7.4 Behavioral Uncertainty 235 7.4.1 Asymmetric information: problems and solutions 236 7.4.2 Strategic behavior 242 7.5 Expectations 246 7.5.1 The role of expectations in resource-allocation decisions 247 7.5.2 Adaptive models of expectations 247 7.5.3 The rational expectations hypothesis 249 7.6 Competitive Behavior under Uncertainty 252 7.6.1 Production behavior 252 7.6.2 Search problems 253 7.7 Suggestions for Using the Material of this Chapter 253 References 254 Suggested Readings 255 Notes 255 8 Capital 258 8.1 The Substance and Concepts of Capital 258 8.1.1 Capital as stuff 259 8.1.2 Capital in the production function 262 8.1.3 Stocks, flows, and accumulation 263 8.1.4 Prices and values 264 8.1.5 Temporal aspects of capital 265 8.1.6 Measuring capital 268 8.1.7 The labor theory of value 269 8.2 Quasi-Rents 270 8.3 Interest Rates 272 8.4 TheTheory of Capital 276 8.4.1 Present and future consumption, investment, and capital accumulation 276 8.4.2 Demand for and supply of capital: flows and stocks 279 8.4.3 Capital richness and interest rates 283 8.5 Use of Capital by Firms 284 8.5.1 Investment 284 8.5.2 Maintenance 287 8.5.3 Scrapping and replacement 289 8.6 Consumption and Saving 290 8.6.1 Intertemporal utility maximization 290 8.6.2 Hypotheses about consumption 291 8.6.3 Individual and aggregate savings 294 8.7 Capital Formation 294 8.8 Suggestions for Using the Material of this Chapter 296 References 297 Suggested Readings 298 Notes 298 9 Money and Banking 301 9.1 The Services of Money 302 9.1.1 Money as a medium of exchange 302 9.1.2 Money as a store of value 302 9.1.3 Money as a unit of account 303 9.1.4 Stability of value 303 9.1.5 Monetization prior to currency 303 9.2 The Types of Money 304 9.2.1 Commodity money 304 9.2.2 Credit money 304 9.2.3 One special case of credit money: bank money 305 9.3 Some Preliminary Concepts 305 9.3.1 The price level 305 9.3.2 Inflation 306 9.3.3 “Nominal” versus “real” distinctions 307 9.3.4 What people in antiquity knew 309 9.4 The Demand for Money 309 9.4.1 Measuring money 310 9.4.2 The distinctiveness of the demand for money 311 9.4.3 Monetary theory and macroeconomics for ancient economies?! 312 9.4.4 The neoclassical quantity theory 313 9.4.5 Keynesian monetary theory 315 9.4.6 The contemporary synthesis 317 9.5 The Supply of Money 318 9.5.1 Supply of a commodity money 320 9.5.2 Creation of money by banks 323 9.5.3 The banking firm 328 9.5.4 Financial intermediation 332 9.5.5 Exogeneity / endogeneity of money supply and foreign exchange 335 9.5.6 Seigniorage: making money by issuing money 336 9.5.7 Bimetallism 337 9.6 Inflation 337 9.6.1 Causes of inflation 338 9.6.2 Mechanisms of inflation 339 9.6.3 Consequences of inflation 340 9.7 Monetary Policy 342 9.7.1 The players and their motives 342 9.7.2 Choice of monetary standard 343 9.7.3 Influencing the supply of money 343 9.7.4 Influencing the demand for money 345 9.7.5 International monetary policies 345 9.8 Suggestions for Using the Material of this Chapter 345 References 345 Suggested Readings 347 Notes 347 10 Labor 350 10.1 Applying Contemporary Labor Models to Ancient Behavior and Institutions 350 10.2 Human Capital 353 10.2.1 Investment in human capital 354 10.2.2 Health 356 10.2.3 Guilds, occupational licensing, and entry restriction 356 10.3 Labor Supply 357 10.3.1 Utility analysis of individual and family labor supply 357 10.3.2 Lifecycle / dynamic labor supply 364 10.3.3 Supply of labor to activities 368 10.3.4 Household production 369 10.4 Labor Demand 375 10.4.1 The productive enterprise’s demand for labor 376 10.4.2 Derived demand 379 10.5 Labor Contracts 384 10.5.1 Information problems and incentives 384 10.5.2 The basis of pay 385 10.5.3 Sequencing of pay 387 10.5.4 Compensating differentials in wages 387 10.6 Migration 391 10.6.1 Economic incentives for migration 392 10.6.2 Consequences of migration 394 10.6.3 Refugee migration 396 10.6.4 Equilibrating migration flows when the wage rate doesn’t adjust 396 10.7 Families 398 10.7.1 Marriage 398 10.7.2 Intrafamily resource allocation 405 10.7.3 Children and the economics of fertility and child mortality 412 10.8 Labor and the Family Enterprise 414 10.8.1 The farm family household and the separability of production decisions from consumption decisions 415 10.8.2 Effects of missing markets on labor allocation 418 10.8.3 Restrictions on household activities 420 10.8.4 Implications of the family farm model 422 10.9 Slavery 423 10.9.1 The supply of slaves 424 10.9.2 The demand for slaves 426 10.9.3 Investment in slaves 427 10.9.4 Market consequences of slaves 427 10.9.5 Slaves’ incentives 427 10.10 Suggestions for Using the Material of this Chapter 428 References 429 Suggested Readings 432 Notes 433 11 Land and Location 440 11.1 The Special Characteristics of Land 440 11.2 Land as a Factor of Production 441 11.2.1 Supply 441 11.2.2 Demand 441 11.3 The Location of Land Uses 442 11.3.1 TheThünen model 442 11.3.2 The bid-rent function 447 11.3.3 Equilibrium in a region 450 11.3.4 Modifying the social context 451 11.4 The Location of Production Facilities 452 11.4.1 Individual facilities 452 11.4.2 Industries 455 11.5 Consumption and the Location of Marketing 457 11.5.1 The structure of transportation costs 457 11.5.2 The shopping tradeoff: frequency versus storage 458 11.5.3 Aggregate demand in a spatial market 460 11.5.4 Hierarchies of marketplaces: central place theory 461 11.5.5 Periodic markets 462 11.6 Transportation 463 11.6.1 Infrastructure 463 11.6.2 Equipment 465 11.6.3 Pricing of transportation services 465 11.7 Suggestions for Using the Material of this Chapter 467 References 468 Suggested Readings 469 Notes 470 12 Cities 472 12.1 Cities and their Analysis, Modern and Ancient 472 12.1.1 Classifying cities 472 12.1.2 Characteristics of cities 473 12.1.3 What goes on in cities 473 12.1.4 Ancient observations and contemporary analytical emphases 474 12.2 Economies of Cities 475 12.2.1 Scale economies in production 475 12.2.2 Externalities 477 12.2.3 Types of production 477 12.3 Housing 479 12.3.1 The Special Characteristics of Housing 479 12.3.2 Housing supply 480 12.3.3 Housing demand 481 12.4 Urban Spatial Structure 482 12.4.1 The monocentric city model 483 12.4.2 Multiple categories of residents 488 12.4.3 Working at home 489 12.4.4 Endogenous centers 490 12.4.5 Density gradients and the ancient city 491 12.4.6 Wage differentials across cities 491 12.5 Systems of Cities 492 12.5.1 Production and consumption within any city 493 12.5.2 Different types of cities 497 12.5.3 The city size distribution and its responses to various changes 499 12.6 Urban Finance 503 12.6.1 Local public goods 504 12.6.2 What to supply and how much 505 12.6.3 Raising revenue 506 12.7 Suggestions for Using the Material of this Chapter 507 References 508 Suggested Readings 510 Notes 511 13 Natural Resources 516 13.1 Exhaustible Resources 517 13.1.1 The theory of optimal depletion 517 13.1.2 Different deposits 520 13.1.3 Uncertainty 521 13.1.4 Exploration 521 13.1.5 Monopoly 523 13.2 Renewable Resources 524 13.2.1 Biological growth 524 13.2.2 Harvesting 525 13.2.3 The theory of optimal use 527 13.2.4 Open access and the fishery 528 13.3 Resource Scarcity 531 13.4 The Ancient Mining-Forestry Complex 531 13.5 Suggestions for Using the Material of this Chapter 532 References 533 Suggested Readings 533 Notes 533 14 Growth 535 14.1 Introduction 535 14.1.1 Economic growth: delimiting the scope 535 14.1.2 Growth in antiquity: is there anything to explain? 536 14.2 Essential Concepts 536 14.2.1 Production functions again 536 14.2.2 Technical change 537 14.2.3 Growth versus development 537 14.3 Neoclassical GrowthTheory 538 14.3.1 The Solow model 538 14.3.2 Technology and growth in the Solow model 541 14.3.3 Endogenizing technical change 543 14.3.4 Extent of the market, division of labor, and productivity 545 14.4 Structural Change 546 14.4.1 Sectoral concepts as organizing devices 546 14.4.2 A two-sector model of an economy 548 14.4.3 Some stylized facts 549 14.5 Institutions 551 14.5.1 Property rights 552 14.5.2 Governments 552 14.5.3 Stability and change 553 14.6 Studying Economic Growth in Antiquity 553 14.6.1 What there is to explain 554 14.6.2 Organizing inquiry about economic growth with the help of growth theory 554 14.6.3 Studying episodes of growth following declines: beyond growth theory 557 14.6.4 Summary 559 14.7 Suggestions for Using the Material of this Chapter 559 14.7.1 Evidence of growth 559 14.7.2 Sectoral structure 561 References 561 Suggested Readings 564 Notes 564 Index 569

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Book SynopsisA detailed guide to financial market performance during financial crises With the financial markets seemingly careening from one crisis to another, it''s vital for today's investors and traders to have an historical perspective on market performance during times of great turmoil. In this book, Tim Knight provides an exhaustive analysis of financial market behavior prior, during, and following tumultuous events since 1600. Making copious use of charts and basic technical analysis, Knight demonstrates how external shocks tend to create extreme reactions in the financial markets and how these predictable reactions provide opportunities for investors and traders to profit. Knight traverses five centuries of financial market history, from Tulipmania in the 1600s to the contemporary sovereign debt crisis. He looks at each event from the prism of the financial markets, examining the market climate prior to the event, during the event, and following the event. DrTable of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1 Tulip Madness 1 Chapter 2 The Mississippi Scheme 9 Chapter 3 The South Sea Bubble 29 Chapter 4 American Revolution in the Colonies 37 Chapter 5 The Panic of 1837 49 Chapter 6 California Gold 63 Chapter 7 The American Civil War 75 Chapter 8 The Panic of 1893 97 Chapter 9 The Rich Man’s Panic of 1907 113 Chapter 10 Billion-Dollar Bread—The Weimar Hyperinflation 131 Chapter 11 The Roaring Twenties 145 Chapter 12 The Great Depression 157 Chapter 13 Postwar Prosperity 189 Chapter 14 Energy, Politics, and War 199 Chapter 15 Precious Metals and the Destruction of a Billionaire 219 Chapter 16 Latin American Debt Crisis 245 Chapter 17 The Reagan Revolution and Crash 255 Chapter 18 The Rising and Setting Sun of Japan 269 Chapter 19 The Savings and Loan Debacle 295 Chapter 20 Fall of the Soviet Union 309 Chapter 21 The Asian Contagion 321 Chapter 22 Russian Crisis of 1998 339 Chapter 23 Captured by the Net 353 Chapter 24 The Great Recession 415 Chapter 25 History in the Making 443 About the Author 449 Index 451

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Book SynopsisLearn about the successesof Black entrepreneurs through a collection of unique case studies Successful Black Entrepreneursisan insightful collection ofHarvard Business Schoolcase studiesaboutBlack entrepreneurs succeeding in a variety of industries andthrough different routes, including start-ups, franchising, and acquisitions. The book also recognizes and celebrates Black entrepreneurial excellence, as it takes the reader through the stages of entrepreneurship, including ideation, raising capital, growing the company, and taking it public. In addition to identifying the positive aspects of Black entrepreneurship, the book also uses data, research, and anecdotes to highlight the challenges faced by Black entrepreneurs, including: An inability to access capital from traditional financial institutions like banks and private equity firmsThe requirement to practice racial concealment in the company ofWhite customers in order to achieve success Perfect for students, aspiring entrepreneurs, and established business leaders,Successful Black Entrepreneursprovidespracticalperspectivesfrom Black entrepreneurs about what it takes to succeed in business.Table of ContentsPreface vii Introduction xi Chapter 1 History of Black Entrepreneurship 1 Chapter 2 Importance of Black Entrepreneurs 37 Chapter 3 Black Start-Up Entrepreneurs 43 Chapter 4 Entrepreneurship Through Acquisitions 75 Chapter 5 Entrepreneurship Through Franchising 125 Chapter 6 Access to Capital for Black Entrepreneurs 157 Chapter 7 Black Turnaround Entrepreneurs 203 Chapter 8 Entrepreneurial Exits: Selling the Company 235 Chapter 9 Black Intrapreneurs 285 Epilogue 311 Appendix 313 Acknowledgments 317 About the Author 321 Index 323

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a brief history of economic thought from the 17th century to the present day. Each chapter examines the key contributions of a major economist or group of economists and includes suggestions for further reading. Economists covered include Keynes, Marshall, Petty and Jevons, and less familiar theorists such as Galiani and Turgot.Trade ReviewPraise for the the first edition: 'A Concise History of Economic Thought is exactly the book I have always wanted to prescribe for undergraduate classes in the history of economic thought. Written by two eminent scholars, it provides a clear convincing outline of the principal developments in our discipline combined with clear, absorbing accounts of the major episodes, contributors and their contributions on the way. It is an authoritative and definitive text, a wonderful read, an example of mature scholarship at its best, backed up by well chosen additional readings in each chapter.' - G.C. Harcourt, Jesus College, Cambridge, UK 'This book, written by two eminent historians of economics, is a definitive roadmap through the development of economic thought over the past 400 years. Its convincing and transparent structure introduces each milestone along the way in the form of accessible vignettes of the key contributions to classical political economy and modern economics. As a unique feature, each of these more than thirty chapters stands on its own and can be read individually. Closely working with relevant sources, and with aptly chosen suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter, this is an ideal textbook and concise overview of the field.' - Matthias Klaes, Head, Centre of Economics and Management, Keele University, UK 'This book presents a comprehensive history of theoretical economics from the mercantilist period to roughly the middle of the 20th century. The treatment of the material is thorough, well organized, clear and rigorous...an excellent resource.' - Gary Mongiovi, St John's University, USATable of ContentsForeword; S.G.Medema PART I: CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY, 1600-1870 1. Seventeenth Century Pioneers 2. Development in French Economics 3. Towards a Mature Classical Political Economy 4. The First Full Systems of Classical Political Economy 5. The 'Golden Age' of Classical Political Economy PART II: MODERN DEVELOPMENTS, 1870-1960 6. The First Generation 7. The Development of Marginalist Economics: Distribution and Capital Theory 8. Pioneers of Macro-Economics 9. Further Developments in Micro-Economics 10. The Foundations of Modern Macro-Economics

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Book SynopsisFrom the early Sumerian clay tablet through to the emergence of the electronic text, this Companion provides a continuous and coherent account of the history of the book. A team of expert contributors draws on the latest research in order to offer a cogent, transcontinental narrative.Trade Review"This companion will provide a sound point of reference for situation the book, whatever it may yet become, in its proper historical and sociological context." (Australian Academic & Research Libraries, March 2010) "This is a must-have volume for anyone (or any library) with an interest in the history of books and book culture." (Libraries & the Cultural Record, Winter 2009) "This book has many uses for book historians as a reflection of the field now, in its present state." (Library Quarterly, May 2009) "Eliot and Rose have produced a definitive survey to which specialists as well as lay readers will find themselves returning frequently for information and analytical insight." (SHARP News, Winter 2008) "Eliot and Rose have recruited some exceptional contributors.... The round-the-world coverage also makes for an enjoyable and dippable compendium." (Times Literary Supplement, November 2008) "The considerable learning distilled in these pages is worn lightly and the result is a volume that will appeal to experts and non-specialists alike. It will also prove to be a valuable teaching resource." (Zeitschrift fur Anglistik and Amerilanistik, October 2008) "A Companion to the History of the Book provides a wealth of information to readers of all levels in a well laid out and written volume." (The Bonefolder, Autumn 2008) "Academic libraries with any kind of interest in the history of the book or the history of publishing will want this 'companion' on their shelves." (Publishing Research Quarterly, July 2008) "As a stimulating overview of the multidimensional present state of the field, the Companion has no peer. Recommended." (CHOICE) "An exceptional resource for anyone working in fields such as literature, history, cultural studies or media studies—to name a few. Drawing on a large group of experts, Simon Eliot and Jonathan Rose have compiled a selection of essays that guide readers through many episodes in the long history of books, both inside and outside the Western tradition.... A Companion to the History of the Book is just that—a companion … an essential text for students and scholars from a wide variety of disciplines who are led to ask questions about the commissioning, publication, distribution and consumption of books. This book is a milestone in the history of the book for it makes the first attempt to map the field like no other book before it." (Script and Print) "If you want to understand how cultures come into being, endure, and change, they imply, then you need to come to terms with the rich and often surprising history of the book.... Eliot and Rose have done a fine job. Their volume can be heartily recommended as the best available starting point for any historian interested in learning about this enterprise.... The Companion does not restrict itself to chronicling the development of the book itself. It also devotes attention to regimes of regulation and jurisdiction—censorship, intellectual property, and the like—and to systems of storage and taxonomy: libraries and bibliography." (Technology and Culture) "This book serves as a coherent guide to the study of the history of the book. The experts bring the latest research to their work." (Umbrella Magazine)Table of ContentsList of Illustrations viii Notes on Contributors x Introduction 1 Simon Eliot and Jonathan Rose Part I Methods and Approaches 7 1 Why Bibliography Matters 9 T. H. Howard-Hill 2 What is Textual Scholarship? 21 David Greetham 3 The Uses of Quantifi cation 33 Alexis Weedon 4 Readers: Books and Biography 50 Stephen Colclough Part II The History of the Material Text 63 The World before the Codex 65 5 The Clay Tablet Book in Sumer, Assyria, and Babylonia 67 Eleanor Robson 6 The Papyrus Roll in Egypt, Greece, and Rome 84 Cornelia Roemer The Book beyond the West 95 7 China 97 J. S. Edgren 8 Japan, Korea, and Vietnam 111 Peter Kornicki 9 South Asia 126 Graham Shaw 10 Latin America 138 Hortensia Calvo 11 The Hebraic Book 153 Emile G. L. Schrijver 12 The Islamic Book 165 Michael Albin The Codex in the West 400–2000 177 13 The Triumph of the Codex: The Manuscript Book before 1100 179 Michelle P. Brown 14 Parchment and Paper: Manuscript Culture 1100–1500 194 M. T. Clanchy 15 The Gutenberg Revolutions 207 Lotte Hellinga 16 The Book Trade Comes of Age: The Sixteenth Century 220 David J. Shaw 17 The British Book Market 1600–1800 232 John Feather 18 Print and Public in Europe 1600–1800 247 Rietje van Vliet 19 North America and Transatlantic Book Culture to 1800 259 Russell L. Martin III 20 The Industrialization of the Book 1800–1970 273 Rob Banham 21 From Few and Expensive to Many and Cheap: The British Book Market 1800-1890 291 Simon Eliot 22 A Continent of Texts: Europe 1800–1890 303 Jean-Yves Mollier and Marie-Françoise Cachin 23 Building a National Literature: The United States 1800-1890 315 Robert A. Gross 24 The Globalization of the Book 1800-1970 329 David Finkelstein 25 Modernity and Print I: Britain 1890-1970 341 Jonathan Rose 26 Modernity and Print II: Europe 1890-1970 354 Adriaan van der Weel 27 Modernity and Print III: The United States 1890–1970 368 Beth Luey 28 Books and Bits: Texts and Technology 1970–2000 381 Paul Luna 29 The Global Market 1970–2000: Producers 395 Eva Hemmungs Wirten 30 The Global Market 1970–2000: Consumers 406 Claire Squires Part III Beyond the Book 419 31 Periodicals and Periodicity 421 James Wald 32 The Importance of Ephemera 434 Martin Andrews 33 The New Textual Technologies 451 Charles Chadwyck-Healey Part IV Issues 465 34 New Histories of Literacy 467 Patricia Crain 35 Some Non-textual Uses of Books 480 Rowan Watson 36 The Book as Art 493 Megan L. Benton 37 Obscenity, Censorship, and Modernity 508 Deana Heath 38 Copyright and the Creation of Literary Property 520 John Feather 39 Libraries and the Invention of Information 531 Wayne A. Wiegand Coda 545 40 Does the Book Have a Future? 547 Angus Phillips Index 560

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Book SynopsisRather, the Revolution built upon a long history of civic engagement and a complicated relationship between the practice of majority-rule and exclusionary policy-making on the part of appointed and self-selected constituencies.Trade ReviewGo verned by a Spirit of Opposition is a stimulating piece of work and an exceptional piece of scholarship... [I]t could act as a model for future scholarship on colonial politics. -- Christopher F. Minty The Junto The book is a good companion to those town studies of a half century ago, but it is also an important social history that takes us to new levels of inquiry into the economy and culture of eighteenth-century urban life. William and Mary Quarterly Governed by a Spirit of Opposition is tightly organized and narratively driven. Its compact length will make it accessible in both graduate and undergraduate classrooms, while scholars of Philadelphia, civi life, and both the colonial and revolutionary eras will appreciate this fresh interpretation of associational culture. Governed by a Spirit of OppositionTable of ContentsSeries Editor's ForewordAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. "Named Before Thou Wert Born": A City Imagined and Realized2. Intoxicated with Power: Chartering the Philadelphia Corporation3. For a General Benefit: Developing Popular Voluntary Associations4. Amidst "Rancour and Party Hatred": Association by Exclusion5. Lending in Plain Sight: Covert Banks6. Private Men Interfering with Government: Taking Over from the State7. Mars Ascendant: The Military Association and the Reconstitution of GovernmentEpilogueNotesEssay on SourcesIndex

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Book SynopsisBy helping readers understand the financial history of this period and the way banking shaped the society in which ordinary Americans lived and worked, this book broadens and deepens our knowledge of the Early American Republic.Trade ReviewThis is a brisk, well-researched tour of how the American finance and banking sector got its start.—Financial HistoryMurphy has provided what should be the go-to source for anyone looking to understand the differences among savings banks, investment banks, and commercial banks in pre-Civil War America; to know what it meant for banks to provide discounts on commercial paper; and to know what terms like fractional reserve, independent treasury, bimetallism, shinplasters, wildcat banks, and bills of exchange meant.—Civil War Book ReviewMurphy has written what this financial historian considers a sound and reliable introductory or companion text to early American banking that is both engaging and easy-to-read, and at the same time broadly consistent with recent economic research on the topics covered.—EH.netIt [Other People's Money] does much to further our understanding of an important feature of international capital markets, and it raises crucial policy issues.—EH.NetThe strengths of this work are numerous. In addition to narrating some intriguing vignettes on Abigail Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Herman Melville, this book contains a fascinating array of cartoons and images of credit instruments, many of which are drawn from the author’s extensive personal collection. Murphy’s writing is also straightforward; her analysis, insightful.—Common-PlaceI recommend Other People’s Money highly to anyone seeking a brief but accurate introduction to this fascinating era in banking and monetary history.—Business History ReviewOther People’s Money is a beautifully written book on “how banking worked in the early American Republic.” Part of Johns Hopkins University Press’s How Things Worked series, the target audience for this book is undergraduates studying U.S. history or economic history. The book condenses a large literature from American history and economic history as well as contemporary material from periodicals and novels into an interdisciplinary narrative of the political battles over money and banking from the early Republic to the Civil War. Murphy’s book shows that the politics of money shaped how money worked.—Jane Knodell, University of Vermont, Enterprise and SocietyIt is difficult to overstate the quality of Murphy's work. Other People's Money is an outstanding contribution that brilliantly accomplishes the herculean task of digesting the complexities of banking in the early republic. Moreover, Murphy manages to convey these points clearly in immensely readable prose. Helpful for both the layperson and the scholar, this book deserves a place on syllabi and the bookshelves of anyone with an interest in capitalism during this period. Murphy reminds the reader that the story of American banking has a long and complex history, and this erudite study does an excellent job of explaining that complexity in accessible terms.—Aaron L. Chin, University of New Hampshire, American Nineteenth Century HistoryThe real strength of Other People's Money can be found in its clear explanation of early American banking. Murphy makes a complex topic simple, but her treatment is anything but simplistic . . . Because of the book's engaging and lively discussions, I suspect that if it is assigned in classrooms Other People's Money will inspire more than a few students to dive more deeply into the complex and fascinating world of early American banking history.—Andrew J. B. Fagal, Princeton University, Journal of American HistoryTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsPrologue. How the Bank War Worked1. How Money Worked2. How Banks Worked3. How Panics Worked4. Experiments in Money and Banking5. How Civil War Finance WorkedConclusion. Andrew Jackson, Other People's Money, and the Creation of the Federal ReserveEpilogue. Why Is Andrew Jackson Harriet Tubman on the $20 Bill?NotesSuggested Further ReadingIndex

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Book SynopsisCatton deftly crafts one grand narrative out of three and reveals the perilous lives of the white adventurers and their Indian families, who lived on the fringe of empire.Trade ReviewCatton's riveting story is exquisitely written and well-researched. A must-read for anyone interested in frontier history.—Library JournalCatton has produced a remarkable work of narrative nonfiction. ‘Rainy Lake House’ deserves a place on any history buff’s bookshelf alongside other excellent examples of frontier history narratives, including 'Undaunted Courage' (Stephen E. Ambrose), 'Astoria' (Peter Stark), 'Boone' (Robert Morgan) and 'Blood and Thunder' (Hampton Sides).—The Missoulian. . . well written . . . Recommended—ChoiceIt is refreshing to come across a historical monograph written with such a clear commitment to the craft of storytelling... a narrative that transcends mere biography to reveal the complex and fractured world of the northern borderland during the turbulent years of the fur trade monopolies and U.S. expansion... this is a well-researched piece of scholarship that is also a true pleasure to read. Catton's aim here is not to argue small points of historiographic debate, but to offer a glimpse at the tumultuous nature of the fur trade "from its various colliding vantage points" through the compelling accounts of three individuals (p. 7). In this, he succeeds masterfully.—John William Nelson, University of Notre Dame, Western Historical QuarterlyCatton's nuanced consideration of the cultural history of these events is enlightening.—Thomas S. Abler, University of Waterloo, Journal of American HistoryThis narrative focuses on three men from vastly different backgrounds and serves as a vehicle for exploring the rigors of the fur trade and the impending decline of Britain's fur-trading empire . . . Catton's writing style is lyrical and transcendent.—Susan Sleeper-Smith, Michigan State University, American Historical ReviewThick description of the fascinating world of the Great Lakes and northern plains is the great strength of this book . . . Catton's tight focus on three protagonists lets him vividly illustrate the dynamics of fur trade society, the reorganization of the trade, and the rise of Anglo-American racism.—Benjamin H. Johnson, Loyola University Chicago, Montana: the Magazine of Western HistoryTable of ContentsContents Maps Timeline Introduction: Rainy Lake House, 1823 Part One: Leave-Takings 1. The Explorer 2. The Hunter 3. The Trader Part Two: Long 4. "The English Make Them More Presents" 5. Encounters with the Sioux 6. Race and History 7. To Civilize the Osage Part Three: Tanner 8. Westward Migration 9. "Six Beaver Skins for a Quart of Mixed Rum" 10. The Test of Winter 11. Red Sky of the Morning 12. Warrior Part Four: McLoughlin 13. Fort William 14. Marriage a la facon du pays 15. Bad Birds 16. The Restive Partnership 17. The Pemmican War 18. The Battle of Seven Oaks 19. The Surrender of Fort William 20. Lord Selkirk's Prisoner 21. Time of Reckoning 22. London Part Five: Long 23. The Wonder of the Steamboat 24. A Christian Marriage 25. Up the Missouri 26. To the Rocky Mountains 27. Mapmaker 28. The Northern Expedition Part Six: Tanner 29. The Coming of The Prophet 30. A Loathsome Man 31. Sorcery and Sickness 32. Taking Fort Douglas 33. Rough Justice 34. In Search of Kin 35. Between Two Worlds Part Seven: McLoughlin 36. Chief Factor 37. Providence 38. Opposing the Americans Part Eight: Collision 39. Working for Wages 40. Children of the Fur Trade 41. The Ambush 42. The Pardon 43. "We met with an American" 44. The Onus of Revenge 45. Journeys Home Epilogue: Mackinac, 1824 - and After Postscript: John Tanner as a Source AcknowledgementsNotes

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Book SynopsisA novel historical perspective on how stock markets influence each other internationally. A nation usually overhauls its financial regulations after a stock market crash or the collapse of its banking system. In 1967, France did something rare. Out of pure political expediency, Gaullist leaders and senior civil servants seized the opportunity offered by an insider-trading case and established an independent commission to regulate the securities market: the Commission des Opérations de Bourse, or COB. Despite their staunch defense of national sovereignty, these reformers drew their inspiration from an American model, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Highlighting the international sources for national reform, Yves-Marie Péréon's Moralizing the Market explores the dynamics of policy transfer in securities regulationa subject that has rarely been considered from a historical perspective. That regulation has been used to attract investors and foster market development challenges Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. A Minister on a Mission2. "Thieves!"3. The Paris Bourse in the 1960s: A Basket Case?4. France Looks at America5. Drafting the Ordonnance6. Takeoff7. The Red Flag over the "Temple of Gold"8. In Search of Legitimacy9. Mr. Chatenet Goes to Washington10. Mission Accomplished?ConclusionNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisOriginally published in 1969. In The Most Unsordid Act, Warren Kimball provides a history of the Lend-Lease idea. The genesis and development of the Lend-Lease idea, although spanning less than two years, offers a subject of the broadest significance for major questions of democratic government and society. The story begins with the United States' growing recognition of the British monetary and gold shortage and ends with the passage of the Lend-Lease Act and the American commitment that it involved. Dr. Kimball's narrativechronological, detailed, and dramaticincludes analyses of the domestic and international concerns on both sides of the Atlantic and of the roles of the leading protagonists: President F. D. Roosevelt and Treasury Secretary Morgenthau, as well as Stimson, Hull, Churchill, and key British representatives. He also examines the possibility that Lend-Lease was designed to benefit the American economy at Britain's expense. A central question animates Kimball's account: HowTable of ContentsPrefaceIntroductionPart I. The Crisis Develops: September 1939-November 1940Chapter 1. "A Terrible, Stultifying Vacuum"Chapter 2. "God, Love and Anglo-American Relationa": The French CrisisChapter 3. Of Garden Hoses and Other Stories: Summer and Fall 1940Part II. The Crisis Faced and Solved: November 1940=March 1941Chapter 4. "Money-Above All, Ready Money"Chapter 5. The "Shoot the Works" Bill: Lend-Lease, Inception to ProposalChapter 6. "God Save America From a King Named George"-Or Franklin: The Congressional DebateChapter 7. "From Something Like Disaster": The Passage of the Lend-Lease AstChapter 8. "Like Hitting Wads of Cotton Wool": ConclusionsAppendixBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisHow a massive agricultural reform movement led by northern farmers before the Civil War recast Americans' relationships to market forces and the state. Recipient of The Center for Civil War Research's 2021 Wiley-Silver Book Prize, Winner of the Theodore Saloutos Memorial Award by the Agricultural History SocietyIn this sweeping look at rural society from the American Revolution to the Civil War, Ariel Ron argues that agricultural history is central to understanding the nation's formative period. Upending the myth that the Civil War pitted an industrial North against an agrarian South, Grassroots Leviathan traces the rise of a powerful agricultural reform movement spurred by northern farmers. Ron shows that farming dominated the lives of most Americans through almost the entire nineteenth century and traces how middle-class farmers in the Greater Northeast built a movement of semipublic agricultural societies, fairs, and periodicals that fundamentally recast Americans' relationship toTrade ReviewAriel Ron's engagingly written Grassroots Leviathan is an agricultural, political, economic, and intellectual history that is also informed by soil science, chemistry, education, and legal studies.—The Center for Civil War ResearchIn recovering the stakes of antebellum agricultural society, Grassroots Leviathan upends conventional wisdom about urban-rural divides in U.S. society and revives a remarkable political economic formation in which popular, democratic developmentalism successfully won out over reactionary, vested interests.—Boston ReviewTable of ContentsFront matterIntroductionIn Media ResPart I: Rise of the Agricultural Reform Movement1. The Limits of Patrician Agricultural Reform2. Agricultural Reform as a State-Building Social MovementPart II: The Making of Northern Economic Nationalism3. Economic Nationalism in the Greater Rural Northeast4. Henry C. Carey and the Republican Developmental SynthesisPart III: Toward a National Agricultural Policy Agenda5. Mapes's Superphosphates and the Crisis of Agricultural Expertise6. From "Private Enterprise" to "Governmental Action"Part IV: Agricultural Reform Vs. the Slaveocracy7. Movement into Lobby8. The Sectionalization of National Agricultural PolicyEpilogue

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Book SynopsisColleges and universities are richer than everso why has the price of attending them risen so much?As endowments and fundraising campaigns have skyrocketed in recent decades, critics have attacked higher education for steeply increasing its production cost and price and the snowballing debt of students. In Wealth, Cost, and Price in American Higher Education, Bruce A. Kimball and Sarah M. Iler reveal how these trends began 150 years ago and why they have intensified in recent decades. In the late nineteenth century, American colleges and universities began fiercely competing to expand their revenue, wealth, and production cost in order to increase their quality and prestige and serve the soaring number of students. From that era through today, the rising wealth and cost of higher education have continued to reinforce each other and spiral upward, increasing the heavily subsidized price paid by students. Kimball and Iler explain the strategy and reasoning that drove this wealth-cost dTrade ReviewKimball and Iler's richly researched, provocative and pivotally important history of college endowments, campus fundraising campaigns, university finances, institutional spending and student debt.—Steve Mintz, Inside Higher Ed[Bruce A.] Kimball and Sarah M. Iler explore the historical roots of wealth stratification, lay out the advantages that allow rich universities to get exponentially richer, and propose ways to close the gap with less-wealthy institutions.—Mike Scutari, Inside PhilanthropyWealth, Cost & Price in American Higher Education: A Brief History, is indispensable and essential for anyone considering the wealthy university's present and future.—Joshua Kim, Insider Higher EdThis is a timely, well researched monograph....we applaud Kimball and Iler for writing this fascinating backstory to the crisis we now face.—Christopher P. Loss & William Krause, Review of Higher EducationTable of ContentsPrefaceAcronyms and AbbreviationsList of IllustrationsList of TablesIntroductionPart I.: The Formative Era, 1870-19301. "Endowment" Emerges, 1870-19302. Free-Money Strategy, 1869-19093. Birth of the Annual Alumni Fund, 1890-19254. Fundraising Drives Begin, 1915-19255. Campaigns Proliferate; Presidents Resist, 1920s6. Did Cost Escalate in the Formative Era?Part II: The Golden Ages, 1930-2020s7. Depression, the 60/40 Rule, and Cost-Disease Theory, 1930s-1960s8. Stagflation, Total Return, and Revenue-Cost Theory, 1965-19809. Wealth, Cost, and Price Ignite Resentment, 1980-200810. What is the Real "Cost Disease?" 1980s-2020s11. Steady Price, Rising Debt, Widening Wealth Gap, 2009-2020sConclusion: Plato's Descent, Perseveration, and HistoryAppendicesIndexNotes

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Book SynopsisRulers and Capital in Historical Perspective explains why modern banking and credit systems emerged in the nineteenth century only in certain countries that then subsequently industrialized and became developed. Tracing the contemporaneous cases of India and the United States over time, Abhishek Chatterjee identifies the factors that were crucial to the development and regulation of a modern banking and credit system in the United States during the first third of the nineteenth century. He contrasts this situation with India's, where the state never formally incorporated a sophisticated private credit system, and thus relegated it to the sphere of the informal economy. Chatterjee identifies certain features in both societies, oftenthough not alwaysassociated with colonialism, that tended to restrict the formation of modern institutionalized money and credit markets. Rulers and Capital in Historical Perspective demonstrates thatnotwithstanding the many other differences between the Trade Review"[A]n innovative contribution.... [Chatterjee's] arguments are supported by an assortment of secondary sources in eloquent prose and are certainly thought-provoking.... Chatterjee’s creative scholarship will now inform the debate on this divergence between India and the United States and will hopefully stimulate more interest in comparative studies on financial development across more regions of the world."--Business History Review

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Book SynopsisThe beautiful Caribbean basin is fertile ground for a study of capitalism past and present. Transnational corporations move money and labor around the region, as national regulations are reworked to promote conditions benefiting private capital.Globalizing the Caribbeanoffers a probing account of the region's experience of economic globalization while considering gendered and racialized social relations and the frequent exploitation of workers. Jeb Sprague focuses on the social and material nature of this new era in the history of world capitalism. He combines an historical overview of capitalism in the region with theoretical analysis backed by case studies. Sprague elaborates upon the role of class formation and the restructuring of local states. He considers both U.S. hegemony, and how various upsurges from below and crises occur. He examines the globalization of the cruise ship and mining businesses, looks at the growth of migrant labor and reverse flow of remittances, and descriTrade Review"Globalizing the Caribbean is a fundamental book for anyone who wants to understand the region’s current political economy. Not many books combine empirically strong research with positioning the Caribbean in global accumulation networks. Caribbean activists and scholars in Caribbean Studies, Political Economy, Geography and Sociology will find Jeb Sprague’s book a valuable contribution."—Caribbean Studies

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Book SynopsisThe beautiful Caribbean basin is fertile ground for a study of capitalism past and present. Transnational corporations move money and labor around the region, as national regulations are reworked to promote conditions benefiting private capital.Globalizing the Caribbeanoffers a probing account of the region's experience of economic globalization while considering gendered and racialized social relations and the frequent exploitation of workers. Jeb Sprague focuses on the social and material nature of this new era in the history of world capitalism. He combines an historical overview of capitalism in the region with theoretical analysis backed by case studies. Sprague elaborates upon the role of class formation and the restructuring of local states. He considers both U.S. hegemony, and how various upsurges from below and crises occur. He examines the globalization of the cruise ship and mining businesses, looks at the growth of migrant labor and reverse flow of remittances, and descriTrade Review"Globalizing the Caribbean is a fundamental book for anyone who wants to understand the region’s current political economy. Not many books combine empirically strong research with positioning the Caribbean in global accumulation networks. Caribbean activists and scholars in Caribbean Studies, Political Economy, Geography and Sociology will find Jeb Sprague’s book a valuable contribution."—Caribbean Studies

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Book SynopsisIn Making North America, James Thompson uses the CanadaUS Free Trade Agreement of 1988 and the North American Free Trade Agreement of 1994 to demonstrate that there has been an often-unrecognized impulse behind the process of North American integration national security.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Core Concepts Chapter 2: CUFTA I. US-Canada Relations, 1770s-1970s 1770s-1890s: Reciprocal Fear 1898-1944: Shifting Sources of Threat 1945-1979: The Cold War Context II. The Security Context of the 1980s III. The Decision to Establish an FTA IV. Assessing the Data V. Future Integration Chapter 3: NAFTA I. US-Mexico Relations, 1820s-1980s 1820s-1860s: Engaging the British and the French 1870s-1940s: German Influence 1945-1989: The Cold War II. The Security Context of the 1980s and early 1990s III. The Decision to Establish an FTA IV. Assessing the Data V. Future Integration Chapter 4: The Broader Context List of Interviews Chronologies of Important Events Notes Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThe intercity electric railway industry in Canada, which began in 1887, ended in 1959. It was never a major industry but its role in the transition of Canadian land transportation from almost sole reliance on the steam railroad to dominance of the motor vehicle should not be overlooked. Professor Due's study, divided into two parts, presents first a general review of the development, characteristics, financial situation, and decline of the industry and then a brief history of each of the twenty-five companies which operated in the industry. (Canadian Studies in Economics, No. 18)

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Book SynopsisStates of Obligation is the first sustained study of the Russian taxation system, the first to study its European and transatlantic context, and the first to expose the essential continuities between the fiscal practices of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.Trade Review'States of Obligation is destined to emerge as a classic not only for historians but also for political scientists and economists with an interest in imperial and Soviet Russia.' -- Scott Gehlbach Kritika Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History vol 17:03:2016 'Kotsonis's work offers much food for thought. For specialists or fellow travelers in Russian business history and economic history, this book is required reading.' -- Steven Nafziger EH.Net January 2016 'With its unique focus on taxation, States of Obligation makes an important contribution to the field of Russian and Soviet studies... It should be of interest to those examining issues concerning the modernizing state and definitions of citizenship.' -- Sharon A. Kowalsky Canadian Journal of History vol 51:02:2016 'Yanni Kotsonis has given us an erudite book, rich with insight. It is well worth reading.' -- Frank Wcislo Journal of Modern History vol 89:01:2017 'Yanni Kotsonis provides a stimulating and important history of the transformation of state obligations in nineteenth and early twentieth century Russia.' -- John Randolph Slavic Review vol 75:02:2016 "Yanni Kotsonis has written an original and magisterial work that will change the way we understand and teach Russian and Soviet history ... Like all great books, it will be read and referenced by generations of historians ... This is a superb work of scholarship - comprehensive, meticulously researched, illuminating, and humane." -- Golfo Alexopoulos The Russian Review 'As a study of both reformist and revolutionary state fiscal policy, an important area that has been much neglected, this is an intellectually sophisticated and stimulating work.' -- Steven Hoch American Historical review, December 2015 'This book opens the door to new questions related to the means by which state, population, and economy intersect in Russia and elsewhere. The author and press are to be congratulated for blessing us with these intellectual provocations.' -- David W. Darrow Revolutionary Russia November 2015Table of ContentsIntroduction. A Short History of Taxes: Russia and the World from the Eighteenth to the Twenty-First Centuries Part 1. People, Places, Things: The Old Regime, Economic Knowledge, and the Coming of the New Order 1. The Fiscal Instruments of Regime Change from the Eighteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries 2 Three Tax Reforms, Three Visions of the Polity Part 2. The Politics of Visibility, the Technologies of Intimacy: Taxes and the Remaking of Urban and Commercial Russia 3. Wealth in Motion: New Money, New Taxes, and a New Bureaucracy 4. Systematic Intimacy: Business Taxes and the Disciplining of Commercial Russia 5. Mass Taxation in the Age of the Individual: The New Personal Taxation in Russia and the World 6. The Income Tax as Modern Government: Assessment, Self-Assessment, and Mutual Surveillance Part 3. The Politics of Obscurity: Peasant Taxes, Excises, and the Vodka Monopoly to 1917 7. Everyone and No One: Indirect Taxes and the Vodka Monopoly to 1917 8. The Peasant and the Fisc: The State Budget and the Persistence of Collective Tax Apportionment 9. The Local Practices of Peasant Taxation Part 4. The State and Revolution, the State and Evolution: Fiscal Practices and a New Regime, 1917-30 10. Soviet Russia and the Continuing History of the Russian State 11. The Meanings of Utopia: Taxes, Urban Unities, and the Several Assaults on Peasant Separateness, 1917-21 12. The Economy of Licences: Taxes and the New Economic Policy Afterword. Russia, Socialism, and the Modern State

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Book SynopsisThe Canadian tariff has been a singularly faithful mirror of economic and political change in this country, but it is a glass through which much has been seen darkly. This study is an attempt to improve the view. It traces the administration of the tariff through Canadian history, and provides the first complete treatment of the subject and its significance for the country's commerce.Dr. Blake's work begins with customs administration during the French régime, and follows with the British period---the struggle for responsible government, the problem of smuggling, and the establishment of free ports. The author discusses such early problems as customs union in the Canadas, reciprocity and the Galt tariff, and ad valorem duties and their administrative consequences. Confederation and its effect on customs administration are analysed, as are the tariff schedule up to modern times, valuation and the effects of war, and the system and problems of appraisement. The c

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Book SynopsisIn this careful and thorough study of a Canadian field which has been relatively untouched in recent years, Dr. Brecher records and comments on the development of monetary and fiscal thinking in Canada in the inter-war period, and its impact on public policy in the federal sphere. Examining Canadian opinion about economic theory during this time, the author draws on four fields of thought: that of government and other public officials; of businessmen, such as bankers, and their views on what should be done about the depression; of the 'radical group', such as those prominent in the formation of the CCF and Social Credit parties; and of economists, prominent in the universities.Dr. Brecher points out in his preface that his inquiry is rooted in the conviction that the problems associated with cyclical fluctuations remain sufficiently complex to make an understanding of the developments of the twenties and thirties an indispensable condition for effective stabilization policy.

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Book SynopsisEconomics and History presents six state-of-the-art surveys from some of the leading scholars in cliometrics. The contributions are all written at an accessible level for the non-specialist reader and consider a broad range of issues from this highly topical area. Written clearly and comprehensively, allowing easy accessibility for the non-specialist reader Brings together the very latest research in this highly topical subject from leading scholars Contributions cover a broad range of areas within this subject The latest publication in the highly successful Surveys of Recent Research in Economics Book Series Table of ContentsNotes on Contributors vi 1 Clio and the Economist: Making Historians Count 1 David Greasley and Les Oxley 2 Social Savings 21 Tim Leunig 3 Longitudinal Studies of Human Growth and Health: A Review of Recent Historical Research 47 Kris Inwood and Evan Roberts 4 Improving Human Development: A Long-Run View 87 Leandro Prados de la Escosura 5 A Patchwork Safety Net: A Survey of Cliometric Studies of Income Maintenance Programs in the United States in the First Half of the Twentieth Century 141 Price Fishback, Samuel Allen, Jonathan Fox and Brendan Livingston 6 The Cliometrics of International Migration: A Survey 187 Timothy J. Hatton 7 Cliometrics and Time Series Econometrics: Some Theory and Applications 217 David Greasley and Les Oxley Index 289

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Book SynopsisUsing oral histories, contemporary news coverage, and state records, Bryant Simon has constructed a vivid, potent, and disturbing social autopsy of this town, this factory, and this time that exposes how cheap labor, cheap government, and cheap food came together in a way that was destined to result in tragedy.

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Book SynopsisUnassuming but formidable, American maritime insurers used their position at the pinnacle of global trade to shape the new nation. Deeply and imaginatively researched, Underwriters of the United States uses marine insurers to reveal a startlingly original story of risk, money, and power in the founding era.

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Book SynopsisThe American South's impact on the interconnected histories of business and ecological change is narrated here by scholar Bart Elmore, who uses the histories of five southern firms - Coca-Cola, Delta Airlines, Walmart, FedEx, and Bank of America - to investigate the environmental impact of our have-it-now, fly-by-night, buy-on-credit economy.Trade Review. . . . Even-handed, informative . . . . A compelling argument that companies are willing but not eager to fight climate change."—Kirkus Reviews

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Book SynopsisLee explains how global competition has driven policymakers toward lax regulation throughout history, leading to severe financial crises.Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables 1. Introduction Growth versus Stability in Financial Regulation The Argument in Brief Alternate Explanations Decline, Deregulation, and Crises through History The Plan of This Book 2. A Theory of Great Deregulations What Is Financial Leadership? The Causes and Consequences of Decline How Do Lead Economies (and Challengers) Respond to Decline? International Regulation Conclusion 3. The Great Deregulation of the 1850s The Origins of the Joint Stock Banking Act Napoléon III and the French Financial Revolution The Turn to Limited Liability in Britain The Spiral Conclusion 4. The Interwar Battle for Financial Supremacy The (Financial) Pax Britannica The American Challenge to British Financial Leadership The First World War and British Decline The Gold-Exchange Standard and Britain’s Return to Gold From Restoration to Depression Conclusion 5. The Great Deregulation of 1980-2000 An Era of Stability: Bretton Woods and the Glass-Steagall Era Deregulation Stalls, 1980-6 Competitive Challenges The Rise of Japan A British Challenge Competitiveness and the End of Glass-Steagall, 1986-2000 Conclusion 6. Conclusion American Twilight? Appendix: Distinguishing between Stringent and Lax Regulation Notes Works Cited Index

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Book SynopsisKilling Bugs for Business and Beauty chronicles Canada's remarkable program in the wake of the First World War to kill forest pests using poison dropped from aircraft.Table of ContentsIntroduction: “The natural question is what can be done to destroy them?” 1. “Airplane dusting offers the only present hope”: Preparing to Take Canada’s War on Forest Insects to the Sky, 1886–1926 2. “One of the first aerial applications of an insecticide in forestry”: The Politics of Battling the Spruce Budworm in Nova Scotia, 1925–1927 3. “Fighting insect plagues is something new”: Aerial Dusting for Industrial Forestry in Ontario and Quebec, 1928–1929 4. “For the sake of this beautiful playground”: Killing the Hemlock Looper in Muskoka, 1927–1929 5. “You cannot control an infestation such as this with toys”: Poisoning Forest Pests in British Columbia, 1914–1929 6. “Carrying out this work, of a protective nature”: Combatting Forest Insects from the Air in Seymour Canyon and Stanley Park, British Columbia, 1929–1930 Conclusion: “We feel that the technique of airplane dusting has now been perfected”: Our Enigmatic View of Nature and the Lessons to be Drawn

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Book SynopsisKilling Bugs for Business and Beauty examines the beginning of Canada’s aerial war against forest insects and how a tiny handful of officials came to lead the world with a made-in-Canada solution to the problem. Shedding light on a largely forgotten chapter in Canadian environmental history, Mark Kuhlberg explores the theme of nature and its agency. The book highlights the shared impulses that often drove both the harvesters and the preservers of trees, and the acute dangers inherent in allowing emotional appeals instead of logic to drive environmental policy-making. It addresses both inter-governmental and intra-governmental relations, as well as pressure politics and lobbying. Including fascinating tales from Cape Breton Island, Muskoka, and Stanley Park, Killing Bugs for Business and Beauty clearly demonstrates how class, region, and commercial interest intersected to determine the location and timing of aerial bombings. At the core of this Table of ContentsIntroduction: “The natural question is what can be done to destroy them?” 1. “Airplane dusting offers the only present hope”: Preparing to Take Canada’s War on Forest Insects to the Sky, 1886–1926 2. “One of the first aerial applications of an insecticide in forestry”: The Politics of Battling the Spruce Budworm in Nova Scotia, 1925–1927 3. “Fighting insect plagues is something new”: Aerial Dusting for Industrial Forestry in Ontario and Quebec, 1928–1929 4. “For the sake of this beautiful playground”: Killing the Hemlock Looper in Muskoka, 1927–1929 5. “You cannot control an infestation such as this with toys”: Poisoning Forest Pests in British Columbia, 1914–1929 6. “Carrying out this work, of a protective nature”: Combatting Forest Insects from the Air in Seymour Canyon and Stanley Park, British Columbia, 1929–1930 Conclusion: “We feel that the technique of airplane dusting has now been perfected”: Our Enigmatic View of Nature and the Lessons to be Drawn

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Book SynopsisApostles of Inequality explores how changes to land use and ideas about political economy in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth-century England drove cottagers from the land and impoverished rural workers.Table of Contents1. Introduction: “The Multiplication of Wretchedness” Part I: Arthur Young, the Agricultural Revolution, and the Spread of Poverty 2. “The Yoke of Improvement” 3. “The Enchantment of Property” 4. “A Rooted Hatred Between the Rich and the Poor” Part II: Political Economy and “the Great Lottery of Life” 5. Political Economy and the Rural Poor 6. Nassau Senior and the New Poor Laws Part III: The Economist and a Political Economy “Ordained by Providence” 7. The Economist: “The Most Elementary Truths” 8. Bad Farming: The Ghost of a Dead Monopoly 9. Ireland: “They Lie Beyond the Pale” 10. Cooked Land, Cotton, and Slavery 11. Conclusion: “The Home-made Civilization of the Rural English”

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Book SynopsisVocation, or calling – the idea that everyday work is the locus of Christian obedience – is, at first glance, peculiarly a theological notion. But doctrines of vocation formed the core of much of the economic and social theory of Protestantism at a time when such theory was culturally and politically influential. Hence it has also attracted attention from, and caused controversy among, sociologist, economic historians, and political theorists. Max Weber made vocation one of the foci of his celebrated studies of the ‘Protestant ethic’ and the ‘spirit of capitalism.’ In this book, Paul Marshall offers the first systematic study of the development of the idea of vocation in England from 1500 to 1700. Vocational theory illuminates four themes that are examined in this work: the relationship between Renaissance and Reformation social thought; the nature of the competing political forces in mid-seventeenth century England, particularly as they re

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Book SynopsisFrontier society in nineteenth-century Canada was hungry for all the information and entertainment it could get. By the close of the century, the book-printing, import-wholesaling, and retail trades were flourishing. But embedded in their structures were the seeds of problems that have plagued the Canadian book trade ever since.This first extensive history of Canada’s early book trade begins with the impact of the Gutenberg printing revolution on Europe and colonial North American and the spread of the newspaper press across Canada between 1751 and 1900. Parker analyses the role of technological advances in printing as well as in other areas of communications, all of which helped promote literacy. He provides informative accounts of the growing complexity of the book trade in the major cities up to the time in the last quarter f the nineteenth century when Toronto became the national centre for textbook publishing and wholesale distribution of books. By 1900 publishers were

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Book SynopsisThe River Barons charts the development of the business community in Montreal through the crucial years between 1837 and 1853, when the small commercial fraternity of the 1830s, responding to the challenge of a transportation revolution, grew much more complex and diversified. This period saw the beginning of the railway age in Canada, and the rapid extension of lines out from Montreal ensured the city’s economic expansion. This was also the area when large new plants, concentrated near the Lachine Canal, a newly available source of hydraulic power, suddenly intruded upon the original network of small workshops scattered about the city.Professor Tulchinsky focuses on the entrepreneurs. He describes the business the community’s branches and groupings, its ethnic makeup – French and English, Scottish and American – and the reasons for its success. He explains how the city’s merchants, professionals, and politicians embraced, utilized, and came

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Book SynopsisThis study combines in one volume a history and sociopolitical analysis of the group now called the Ralliement des Créditistes, and thus explores the dynamics of a contemporary social and political phenomenon – right-wing protest. In the 1960s, the Ralliement des Créditistes, led by the dynamic Réal Caouette, emerged as a major political force in Quebec.What explains the sudden success of this part? What motivated its supporters to join it? How far to the right do the Créditistes fall on the ideological spectrum? What caused the many internal divisions which plagued the party since its founding? In an effort to answer these questions, the author conducted a series of interviews among Créditistes leaders and explored party files, newspapers, and other unpublished materials?The first part of the book describes the ideology of Social Credit and traces the development of the movement from 1936 to the present through two phases: mobilization and consolidation. The se

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Book SynopsisThis book traces in an accurate and objective manner the sequence of events during the last twenty years which have influenced the organization fo the Canadian grain trade. During these years problems arising out of the production and marketing of western grain have been under continuous review in Canada, leading at different times to royal commissions of inquiry. The production and sale of cereals have become such a vital part of the economic life of the three prairie provinces and, indeed, of Canada, that anything affecting this great industry becomes at once a subject of general interest. These twenty years have witnessed momentous changes. The period marks a shift from free trading on the open market to the compulsory marketing of Canadian wheat and other grains through the medium of a Federal board endowed with wide powers. Basically, this change stems from conditions arising out of the Great Depression and World War II. And in one form or another the Canadian Wheat Board will

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