Ecological science, the Biosphere Books
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2
Book SynopsisFollowing the much acclaimed success of the first volume of Key Topics in Conservation Biology, this entirely new second volume addresses an innovative array of key topics in contemporary conservation biology.Trade Review“The synthesis chapter is one of the highlights of this valuable multidisciplinary contribution to the field of conservation biology and should be mandatory reading material for both students of conservation biology and policymakers.” (Quarterly Review Biology, 1 March 2015) “The editors deserve credit for having assembled and coordinated such a rich and diverse group of authors and for having produced such an innovative and very useful work.” (Biological Conservation, 1 January 2015) “This excellent documentation will help readers see the connection between several subdisciplines of biology. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.” (Choice, 1 December 2013)Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface xiii About the companion website xvii Part I The framework 1 1 Conservation priorities: identifying need, taking action and evaluating success 3 Andrew S. Pullin, William Sutherland, Toby Gardner, Valerie Kapos and John E. Fa 2 Levels of approach: on the appropriate scales for conservation interventions and planning 23 Jonathan E.M. Baillie, Dav id Raffa elli and Claudio Sillero-Zubiri 3 Five paradigms of collective action underlying the human dimension of conservation 42 Laurent Mermet, Katherine Homewood, Andrew Dobson and Raphaël Billé 4 Economic instruments for nature conservation 59 Christopher B. Barrett, Erwin H. Bulte, Paul Ferraro and Sven Wunder 5 Tackling unsustainable wildlife trade 74 Adam J. Dutton, Brian Gratwicke, Cameron Hepburn, Emilio A. Herrera and Dav id W. Macdonald 6 Leadership and listening: inspiration for conservation mission and advocacy 92 Andrew Gosler, Shonil Bhagwat, Stuart Harrop, Mark Bonta and Sonia Tidemann 7 The human dimension in addressing conflict with large carnivores 110 Amy Dickman, Silvio Marchini and Michael Manfredo 8 Citizen science and nature conservation 127 Jonathan Silvertown, Christina D. Buesching, Susan K. Jacobson and Tony Rebelo 9 Nature as a source of health and well-being: is this an ecosystem service that could pay for conserving biodiversity? 143 Joelene Hughes, Jules Pretty and Dav id W. Macdonald Part II Habitat case studies 161 10 Ocean conservation: current challenges and future opportunities 163 Alex D. Rogers, Dan Laffoley, Nick Polunin and Derek P. Tittensor 11 Lost in muddy waters: freshwater biodiversity 184 Nic Pacini, David M. Harper, Peter Henderson and Tom LeQuesne 12 Habitat case studies: islands 204 Carolyn King, Mark Lomolino, Gary Roemer and Brendan Godley 13 Conservation of tropical forests: maintaining ecological integrity and resilience 222 Owen T. Lewis, Robert M. Ewers, Margaret D. Lowman and Ya dvinder Malhi Part III Taxonomic case studies 237 14 A global perspective on conserving butterflies and moths and their habitats 239 Thomas Merckx, Blanca Huertas, Yves Basset and Jeremy Thomas 15 Bird conservation in tropical ecosystems: challenges and opportunities 258 Joseph A. Tobias, Çaðan H. Þekercioðlu and F. Hernan Vargas 16 Conserving large mammals: are they a special case? 277 David W. Macdonald, Luigi Boitani, Eric Dinerstein, HervE Fritz and Richard Wrangham 17 Plant conservation: the seeds of success 313 Timothy Wa lker, Stephen A. Harris and Kingsley W. Dixon Part IV Safeguarding the future 327 18 The ‘why’, ‘what’ and ‘how’ of monitoring for conservation 329 Julia P.G. Jones, Gregory P. Asner, Stuart H.M. Butchart and K. Ullas Karanth 19 Effective conservation depends upon understanding human behaviour 344 Freya A.V. St John, Aidan M. Keane and Eleanor J. Milner-Gulland 20 Designing effective solutions to conservation planning problems 362 Andrew T. Knight, Ana. S.L. Rodrigues, Niels Strange, Tom Tew and Kerrie A. Wilson 21 Biological corridors and connectivity 384 Samuel A. Cushman, Brad McRae, Frank Adriaensen, Paul Beier, Mark Shirley and Kathy Zeller 22 Righting past wrongs and ensuring the future: challenges and opportunities for effective reintroductions amidst a biodiversity crisis 405 Axel Moehrenschlager, Debra M. Shier, Tom P. Moorhouse and Mark R. Stanley Price 23 Rewilding 430 Chris Sandom, C. Josh Donlan, Jens-Christian Svenning and Dennis Hansen 24 Disease control 452 Peter D. Walsh Part V A synthesis 467 25 Elephants in the room: tough choices for a maturing discipline 469 David W. Macdonald and Katherine J. Willis Index 495
£110.95
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos
Book SynopsisDue to its sensitivity to ecological change, the benthic environment a term commonly used to describe the plants and animals living at the bottom of the sea is becoming a crucial topic in these days of rapid climate change.Table of ContentsContributors xii Dedication xiv Preface to the Fourth Edition xv Acknowledgements xvii Chapter 1 Design and Analysis in Benthic Surveys in Environmental Sampling 1Antony J. Underwood and Maura G. Chapman Chapter 2 Characterising the Physical Properties of Seabed Habitats 47Andrew J. Kenny and Ian Sotheran Chapter 3 Imaging Techniques 97Chris J. Smith and Heye Rumohr Chapter 4 Diving 125Colin Munro Chapter 5 Macrofauna Techniques 175Anastasios Eleftheriou and Derek C. Moore Chapter 6 Meiofauna Techniques 253Paul J. Somerfield and Richard M. Warwick Chapter 7 Deep-Sea Benthic Sampling 285Alan J. Jamieson, Ben Boorman and Daniel O.B. Jones Chapter 8 Measuring the Flow of Energy and Matter in Marine Benthic Animal Populations 349Jaap van der Meer, Thomas Brey, Carlo Heip, Peter M.J. Herman, Tom Moens and Dick van Oevelen Chapter 9 Phytobenthos Techniques 427Hans Kautsky References 459 Index 467 Colour plate section 1 falls between pages 126 and 127 Colour plate section 2 falls between pages 302 and 303
£999.99
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Elephants and Savanna Woodland Ecosystems
Book SynopsisDuring the nineteenth century, ivory hunting caused a substantial decrease of elephant numbers in southern Africa. Soon after that, populations of many other large and medium-sized herbivores went into steep decline due to the rinderpest pandemic in the 1890s. These two events provided an opportunity for woodland establishment in areas previously intensively utilized by elephants and other herbivores. The return of elephants to currently protected areas of their former range has greatly influenced vegetation locally and the resulting potential negative effects on biodiversity are causing concern among stakeholders, managers, and scientists. This book focuses on the ecological effects of the increasing elephant population in northern Botswana, presenting the importance of the elephants for the heterogeneity of the system, and showing that elephant ecology involves much wider spatiotemporal scales than was previously thought. Drawing on the results of their research, the authorTrade Review“The volume points to the value of careful analysis of ecosystems whenever management policies are being developed: the authors present convincing evidence of elephants’ beneficial impacts to the Chobe ecosystem.” (The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1 December 2015)Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Foreword xiii Norman Owen-Smith Preface xvii Part I The Chobe Ecosystems 1 1. Introduction 3 Christina Skarpe and Stein R. Moe 2. The Chobe Environment 7 Christina Skarpe and Susan Ringrose 3. Elephant-Mediated Ecosystem Processes in Kalahari-SandWoodlands 30 Johan T. du Toit, Stein R. Moe and Christina Skarpe Part II The Substrate 41 4. Historical Changes of Vegetation in the Chobe Area 43 Christina Skarpe, Håkan Hytteborn, Stein R. Moe and Per Arild Aarrestad 5. Vegetation: Between Soils and Herbivores 61 Per Arild Aarrestad, Håkan Hytteborn, Gaseitsiwe Masunga and Christina Skarpe Part III The Agent 89 6. Guns, Ivory and Disease: Past Influences on the Present Status of Botswana’s Elephants and their Habitats 91 Mark. E. Vandewalle and Kathy. A. Alexander 7. The Chobe Elephants: One Species, Two Niches 104 Sigbjørn Stokke and Johan T. du Toit 8. Surface Water and Elephant Ecology: Lessons from a Waterhole-Driven Ecosystem, Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe 118 Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, Marion Valeix, Hillary Madzikanda and Hervé Fritz Part IV Controllers 133 9. Soil as Controller of and Responder to Elephant Activity 135 Christina Skarpe, Gaseitsiwe Masunga, Per Arild Aarrestad and Peter G.H. Frost 10. Impala as Controllers of Elephant-Driven Change within a Savanna Ecosystem 154 Stein R. Moe, Lucas Rutina, HåkanHytteborn and Johan T. du Toit 11. Buffalo and Elephants: Competition and Facilitation in the Dry Season on the Chobe Floodplain 172 Duncan J. Halley, Cyril Taolo and Stein R. Moe Part V Responders 187 12. Plant–Herbivore Interactions 189 Christina Skarpe, Roger Bergström, Shimane Makhabu, Tuulikki Rooke, Håkan Hytteborn and Kjell Danell 13. Elephants and the Grazing and Browsing Guilds 207 Christina Skarpe, Stein R. Moe, MärthaWallgren and Sigbjørn Stokke 14. Cascading Effects on Smaller Mammals and Gallinaceous Birds of Elephant Impacts on Vegetation Structure 229 Sigbjørn Stokke, Sekgowa S. Motsumi,Thato B. Sejoe and Jon E. Swenson 15. The Chobe Riverfront Lion Population: A Large Predator as Responder to Elephant-Induced Habitat Heterogeneity 251 Harry P. Andreassen, Gosiame Neo-Mahupeleng, Øystein Flagstad and PerWegge Part VI Elephants in Social-Ecological Systems 269 16. Human Dimensions of Elephant Ecology 271 Eivin Røskaft, Thor Larsen, Rapelang Mojaphoko, A. H. M. Raihan Sarker and Craig Jackson 17. Elephants and Heterogeneity in Savanna Landscapes 289 Johan T. du Toit, Christina Skarpe and Stein R. Moe Index 299
£82.60
John Wiley & Sons Inc Biogeochemistry of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
Book SynopsisThe fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico make up the largest commercial fishery in the United States. But the ecology of the Gulf is in trouble: much of the Gulf is subject to critical problems with toxic microorganisms.Table of ContentsPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS. Geology and Hydrodynamics of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries. Hydrography, Mixing Characteristics, and Residence Times of Gulf ofMexico Estuaries. Sedimentary Processes of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries. NUTRIENT DYNAMICS. Suspended Particulate and Dissolved Nutrient Loadings to Gulf ofMexico Estuaries. Nutrient Behavior and Phytoplankton Production in Gulf of MexicoEstuaries. Benthic Nutrient Fluxes of Selected Estuaries in the Gulf ofMexico. Wetland-Water Column Interactions and the Biogeochemistry ofEstuary-Watershed Coupling Around the Gulf of Mexico. ORGANIC MATTER CYCLING. Particulate Organic Matter in Gulf of MexicoEstuaries--Implications for Net Heterotrophy. Dissolved Organic Matter in Estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico. TRACE ELEMENT/ORGANIC IN CYCLING. Trace Element Behavior in Gulf of Mexico Estuaries. Natural Organic Matter Binding of Trace Metals and Trace OrganicContaminants in Estuaries. Particle-Reactive Radionuclides as Tracers of BiogechemicalProcesses in Estuarine and Coastal Water of the Gulf ofMexico. SUMMARY. Biogechemistry of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries: Implications forManagement. Index.
£208.95
The University of Michigan Press Borne of the Wind
Book SynopsisSand dunes are among the beautiful natural features of the Lake Michigan and Lake Superior shorelines. This book describes the environmental factors necessary for dune creation in an easy-to-understand format. Illustrated with color photographs and line drawings, it explains distinct types of dunes encountered along the Great Lakes shoreline.
£12.30
Mariner Books Peterson Reference Guide to Sparrows of North
Book Synopsis
£31.50
HarperCollins The Gift of the Tree
Book SynopsisAward-winning author Alvin Tresselt''s classic story about the cycle of life is beautifully illustrated and an excellent resource for families. The Gift of the Tree reveals the role of an ancient oak tree in the cycle of nature as it dies and returns to the earth, providing nourishment for new life all around it. Originally published in 1972 under the title The Dead Tree, this story about the cycle of nature has never been more timely. Henri Sorensen’s exquisite paintings for this reillustrated edition capture all the beauty and power of the tree’s transformations.As School Library Journal commented: The interdependence of plant and animal life is clearly evident, including both those that seek its shelter and those that hasten the decaying process to prepare the soil for new life. The original text stands the test of time, reaching its audience with power and emotion as it directs attention to the force
£17.09
DK Simply Nutrition
Book Synopsis
£15.29
Schiffer Publishing Ltd The Gray Curtain
Book SynopsisTrade ReviewA Youtube trailer about Gray Curtain is available and will show you just how important this subject is...
£11.39
Johns Hopkins University Press Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians
Book SynopsisSweet, University of California, Santa Barbara; Michael J. Tyler, University of Adelaide, Australia; Zhao Er-Mi, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Peoples Republic of ChinaTrade ReviewAnyone with an interest in the distribution and/or abundance of amphibians will find something of value in this remarkable collection of essays. Copeia There can be no doubt that Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians is destined to become the standard reference on amphibian zoogeography. It is an impressive book containing a breathtaking wealth of detail, while at the same time encompassing an extraordinarily broad subject area. Herpetological Review Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians provides a gateway to the pertinent literature on amphibian distribution for each geographic region of the globe. It should be on the shelves in the herpetology or biogeography section of any academic or research library. Ecoscience This book is an instant classic reference, rich in data and comparison and contrast, a tribute to the industry of all its authors, but especially of its editor who has been a ever-growing force in amphibian systematics and zoogeography over four decades. Canadian Field-Naturalist 2003Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1. Global Distribution of Amphibians: Patterns, Conservation, and Future ChallengesChapter 2. Distribution Patters of Amphibians in the Nearctic Region of North AmericaChapter 3. Distribution Patterns of Amphibians in Middle AmericaChapter 4. Distribution Patterns of Amphibians in the West Indies Chapter 5. Distribution Patterns of Amphibians in South AmericaChapter 6. Distribution of Amphibians in North Africa, Europe, Western Asia, and the Former Soviet UnionChapter 7. Distribution Patterns of Amphibians in Temperate Eastern AsiaChapter 8. Distribution of Amphibians in Southern Asia and Adjacent IslandsChapter 9. Distribution of Amphibians in Sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and SeychellesChapter 10. Distribution Patterns of Amphibians in the Australo-Papuan RegionIndex
£83.00
Johns Hopkins University Press The Chinese Alligator Ecology Behavior
Book SynopsisIllustrated throughout and featuring the most up-to-date biological information available, this volume is a complete overview of the Chinese alligator, a conservation and cultural icon.Trade ReviewA well-written, well-referenced, thoughtful and sobering work. Highly recommended. Choice 2010Table of ContentsForeword, by George B. SchallerPrefaceAcknowledgmentsAbbreviations1. The Earth Dragon2. The Family of Dragons: Crocodilians of the World and Their Conservation3. The History of Crocodilians in China4. Alligators as Dragons5. A Dragon's Life: Ecology and Behavior of the Chinese Alligator6. The Dragon's Demise: Why the Chinese Alligator Disappeared7. Habitat and Population Status8. The Future of the Alligator in ChinaLiterature CitedIndex
£76.50
The University Press of Kentucky Water in Kentucky Natural History Communities and
Book SynopsisThe management and preservation of this precious natural resource remain a priority for the state's government and citizens.In this generously illustrated book, experts from a variety of fields explain how water has defined regions across the Commonwealth.Trade ReviewSimply outstanding! Water in Kentucky offers an exciting close-up view of what happens to the water that falls on the Commonwealth. You'll be fascinated by the many innovative projects your neighbors are implementing to clean polluted runoff and to restore attractive wetlands and streams. This volume will guide you in taking action to improve water quality in your community for the benefit of people, plants, and wildlife."" - Thomas R. Biebighauser, author of Wetland Drainage, Restoration, and Repair
£36.05
University of Arizona Press Sea Turtles of the Eastern Pacific
Book Synopsis
£72.90
The University of Alabama Press Discovering Alabama Wetlands
Book SynopsisThis volume celebrates Alabama's wetlands, with photographs and data-rich text that illustrates the natural beauty of these special places and also examines their vital role in filtering toxins, nourishing aquifers and preventing flooding. It sounds a warning for fragile, dwindling wetlands.
£30.56
Wisconsin Historical Society Press Wisconsin State Parks
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£20.15
Schiffer Publishing Ltd Naturalist on the Nanticoke
Book Synopsis
£13.29
MP-OSU Oregon State Universi Earth Rising
Book Synopsis
£17.95
John Wiley & Sons Earth Rising
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£27.95
John Wiley & Sons Plants of the Oregon Coastal Dunes
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£15.06
Washington State University Press Tahoma and Its People A Natural History of Mount
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction1. Mount Rainier: Geologic History and Processes 2. The People: Footprints of Days Past 3. The Nisqually River, From Glacier to Sound 4. Historic Longmire and Surrounding Area 5. The Puyallup River: Watershed under Pressure 6. The Carbon River Area: Land of Moisture 7. The Sunrise Area: The High and Dry East SideConclusion: Messengers for the Future AcknowledgmentsAppendix A: Explore Mount Rainier Appendix B: Steward Mount Rainier Appendix C: Significant Geologic Events at Mount RainierNotes Bibliography Index About the Author
£25.16
Tilbury House,U.S. Riparias River
Book SynopsisWhen four friends are horrified to find their swimming hole filled with green slime, a mysterious naturalist named Riparia helps the children understand why the water became polluted—and together they figure out how they can bring clean water back to the river they all love.Trade Review"This story will resonate with everyone who splashed in a stream as a child." -- Paul T. Zeph, Former President, North American Association for Environmental Education"If a river could talk, it would sound like Riparia." -- Paper Tigers"A wonderful, empowering story for children who will inherit the rivers." -- The Midwest Book Review
£8.99
Random House USA Inc Selected Writings of John Muir
Book SynopsisA new collection of the seminal writings of America's first naturalist and the founder of the modern conservation movement.AN EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY ORIGINAL.This volume of John Muir's selected writings chronicles the key turning points in his life and study of the American wilderness. The Story of My Boyhood and Youth is Muir's account of his childhood on a Wisconsin farm, where his interest in nature was first piqued; in The Mountains of California, The Yosemite, and Travels in Alaska, we follow him on long journeys into stunning mountain ranges and valleys, where he records native flora and fauna and finds proof of his theories of the effect of glaciers on landscape formation. These four full-length works--along with a selection of important essays--helped galvanize American naturalists, and led to the founding of the Sierra Club and several national parks. In these pages, written with meticulous thoroughness and an impassioned lyricism, we witness Muir's awakening to the incredible beauty of our planet, and the honing of an eye turned as acutely toward the scientific as the spiritual.
£29.75
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Molecular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
Book SynopsisRecent years have seen extensive research in the molecular underpinnings of symbiotic plant-fungal interactions. Molecular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis is a timely collection of work that will bridge the gap between molecular biology, fungal genomics, and ecology.Table of ContentsList of contributors vii Foreword xi Preface xiii Section 1: Structure and phylogeny of mycorrhizal symbioses 1 1 Origins of the mycorrhizal symbioses 3Christine Strullu‐Derrien Paul Kenrick and Marc‐André Selosse 2 Reappraising the origin of mycorrhizas 21William R Rimington, Silvia Pressel, Katie J Field, Christine Strullu‐Derrien, Jeffrey G Duckett, and Martin I Bidartondo 3 The structure of arbuscular mycorrhizas: A cell biologist’s view 33Andrea Genre and Paola Bonfante 4 Structure and development of ectomycorrhizal roots 47Raffaella Balestrini and Ingrid Kottke 5 Structure and development of orchid mycorrhizas 63John Dearnaley, Silvia Perotto and Marc‐André Selosse Section 2: Cellular genetic and molecular mechanisms in the establishment of mycorrhizal symbioses 87 6 The evolution of the mycorrhizal lifestyles – a genomic perspective 89Annegret Kohler and Francis Martin 7 Strigolactones and lipochitooligosaccharides as molecular communication signals in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis 107Clare Gough and Guillaume Bécard 8 Calcium signaling and transcriptional regulation in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis 125Leonie Luginbuehl and Giles ED Oldroyd 9 Signaling pathways driving the development of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis 141Yohann Daguerre, Jonathan M Plett, and Claire Veneault‐Fourrey Section 3: Physiology including carbon and nutrient exchange between symbionts 159 10 Carbohydrate metabolism in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis 161Uwe Nehls Arpita Das and Dimitri Neb 11 Nitrogen acquisition in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis 179Rodica Pena 12 Phosphorus metabolism and transport in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis 197Katsuharu Saito and Tatsuhiro Ezawa 13 Primary metabolism in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: Carbon nitrogen and sulfur 217Michael Bitterlich Jan Graefe and Philipp Franken 14 The transportome of mycorrhizal systems 239Pierre‐Emmanuel Courty, Joan Doidy, Kevin Garcia Daniel Wipf and Sabine Dagmar Zimmermann 15 Soil organic matter decomposition mechanisms in ectomycorrhizal fungi 257Anders Tunlid, Dimitrios Floudas Roger Koide and François Rineau 16 Homeostasis of trace elements in mycorrhizal fungi 277Joske Ruytinx, Elena Martino, Piotr Rozpądek, Stefania Daghino, Katarzyna Turnau, Jan Colpaert, and Silvia Perotto Section 4: Population and community ecology and environmental genomics 299 17 Molecular identification of fungi 301Leho Tedersoo and R Henrik Nilsson 18 Molecular technologies applied to the ecology of ectomycorrhizal communities 323Marc Buée, Erwin Sentausa, and Claude Murat 19 The biogeography of ectomycorrhizal fungi – a history of life in the subterranean 341Kabir G Peay and P Brandon Matheny 20 Spatial ecology of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities 363Brian J Pickles and Ian C Anderson 21 Fungal ecology in boreal forest ecosystems 387Björn D Lindahl and Karina E Clemmensen 22 Ecology of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi: What insight have we gained with molecular tools and what’s missing? 405Gwen Grelet, Elena Martino, Ian A Dickie, Rosnida Tajuddin, and Rebekka Artz 23 Evolutionary genomics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 421Rohan Riley, Philippe Charron, Timea Marton, and Nicolas Corradi 24 Mycorrhiza helper bacteria 437Aurélie Deveau and Jessy Labbé 25 Mixotrophy in mycorrhizal plants: Extracting Carbon from mycorrhizal networks 451Marc‐André Selosse, Melissa Faust Bocayuva, Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya, and Pierre‐Emmanuel Courty 26 Second‐generation molecular understanding of mycorrhizas in soil ecosystems 473Ian A Dickie and Mark G St John Index 493
£160.50
John Wiley & Sons Inc Autoecology and Ecophysiology of Woody Shrubs and
Book SynopsisForest trees and shrubs play vital ecological roles, reducing the carbon load from the atmosphere by using carbon dioxide in photosynthesis and by the storage of carbon in biomass and wood as a source of energy. Autoecology deals with all aspects of woody plants; the dynamism of populations, physiological traits of trees, light requirements, life history patterns, and physiological and morphological characters. Ecophysiology is defined by various plant growth parameters such as leaf traits, xylem water potential, plant height, basal diameter, and crown architecture which are, in turn, influenced by physiological traits and environmental conditions in the forest ecosystem. In short, this book details research advances in various aspects of woody plants to help forest scientists and foresters manage and protect forest trees and plan their future research. Autoecology and Ecophysiology of Woody Shrubs and Trees is intended to be a guide for students of woody plant autoecoTable of ContentsPreface, vii List of contributors, ix 1 Background, 1 Part I: 2 Autoecology, 15 3 Vegetation and biodiversity, 25 4 Case study: A trip to regions of biodiversity and rainforest in Riviera Maya, 31 5 Plant traits, 42 6 Leaf traits, 74 7 Wood characteristics, 83 8 Phenology, 111 9 Phenology, morphology and variability in pollen viability of four woody species (Cordia boissieri, Parkinsonia texana, P. aculeata and Leucophyllum frutescens) exposed to environmental temperature, north-eastern Mexico, 124 10 Pollen biology and plant productivity: A review, 133 11 Seed characteristics, 158 12 Tree mortality, 162 13 Plant traits related to the productivity of trees, 168 Part II: 14 Ecophysiology, 181 15 Research advances in plant ecophysiology, 190 16 Carbon capture, carbon sequestration and carbon fixation, 199 17 Plant nutrients, 220 18 Litterfall and forest productivity, 238 19 Nutrient cycling, 244 20 Plant water relations and forest productivity, 248 21 Cold tolerance of trees, 261 22 Heat stress tolerance of trees, 266 23 Seed characteristics, seed dormancy, germination and plant propagation, 270 24 Root growth, 278 25 Features of boreal forest in Russia: A special study, 285 26 Case study: Autoecology, biodiversity and adaptive characteristics of Prosopis in the Arizona region, 312 Appendix 1: Leaf Morphology, 325 Index, 333
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases
Book SynopsisA rapidly growing interdisciplinary field, disease ecology merges key ideas from ecology, medicine, genetics, immunology, and epidemiology to study how hosts and pathogens interact in populations, communities, and entire ecosystems. Bringing together contributions from leading international experts on the ecology of diseases among invertebrate species, this book provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the field. Beginning with an introductory overview of general principles and methodologies, the book continues with in-depth discussions of a range of critical issues concerning invertebrate disease epidemiology, molecular biology, vectors, and pathogens. Topics covered in detail include: Methods for studying the ecology of invertebrate diseases and pathogensInvertebrate pathogen ecology and the ecology of pathogen groupsApplied ecology of invertebrate pathogensLeveraging the ecology of invertebrate pathogens in microbial controlPrevention and management of infectious Table of ContentsList of Contributors xvii Preface xxi Section I Introduction 1 1 General Concepts in the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases 3Ann E. Hajek and David I. Shapiro-Ilan 1.1 Introduction 3 1.1.1 What Is Disease? 4 1.1.2 Terminology and Measurements 5 1.1.2.1 Prevalence/Incidence 5 1.1.2.2 Pathogenicity/Virulence 5 1.1.2.3 Infection/Infectivity 6 1.1.2.4 Immunity 6 1.1.2.5 Transmission 7 1.1.2.6 Epizootic and Enzootic Diseases 7 1.1.2.7 Cycles of Infection 8 1.1.2.8 R0 and the Host Density Threshold 10 1.1.3 Factors Influencing the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases 11 1.1.3.1 Host Range 12 1.2 Types of Studies 13 1.3 Why Study the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases? 13 1.4 What this Book Covers 14 Acknowledgments 16 References 16 2 Methods for Studying the Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases and Pathogens 19Raquel Campos-Herrera and Lawrence A. Lacey 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Traditional Methods for Studying Diseases 19 2.2.1 Sampling Goals 19 2.2.2 Sampling Regimes 20 2.2.3 Methodologies 20 2.2.3.1 Searching for Infected Insects Using General Entomological Sampling Methods 23 2.2.3.2 Selective Media 23 2.2.3.3 Extraction Methods 24 2.2.3.4 Airborne Spore Sampling 24 2.2.3.5 Insect Baiting 24 2.2.3.6 Dispersal of Entomopathogens: Mark–Release–Recapture Method 25 2.3 Molecular Tools to Assist in the Detection and Quantification of Pathogens and their Impact on the Host 25 2.3.1 Employment of Proteins: The Beginning of the Molecular Era in Invertebrate Pathology 26 2.3.2 Techniques Based on the Nucleic Acids: the “Pre]Omics” Era 27 2.3.3 Advanced Techniques: qPCR, NGS, and the Arrival of the ]Omics Era 31 2.4 Traditional Versus Molecular Methods: Advantages and Limitations 33 2.5 Advancing the Frontiers of Ecology using Pathogens and Diseases 36 2.6 Conclusion38 Acknowledgments 38 References 38 Section II The Basics of Invertebrate Pathogen Ecology 49 3 The Pathogen Population 51Leellen F. Solter and James J. Becnel 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Characteristics of Pathogens 51 3.2.1 Invasiveness and Infectivity 52 3.2.1.1 Routes of Entry 53 3.2.1.2 Establishment of Infection and Tissue Tropism 54 3.2.2 Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Pathogen Replication 55 3.2.2.1 Virulence Factors 57 3.2.2.2 Attenuation or Enhancement of Virulence 58 3.2.3 Latency 59 3.2.4 Obligate, Opportunistic, and Facultative Pathogens 60 3.2.5 Transmission 61 3.2.5.1 Horizontal Transmission 61 3.2.5.2 Vertical Transmission 62 3.2.5.3 Indirect Transmission 63 3.2.6 Genetic Variability and Potential for Coevolution with Hosts 64 3.2.6.1 Species and Strains 64 3.2.6.2 Host Specificity 65 3.3 Pathogen Effects on Host Development and Behavior 66 3.4 Pathogen Populations 67 3.4.1 Density]Dependent Pathogens 67 3.4.2 Density]Independent Pathogens 68 3.4.3 Pathogen Persistence in the Host Population 68 3.4.3.1 Chronic Infections and Vertical Transmission 69 3.4.3.2 Alternative and Alternate/Intermediate Hosts 69 3.4.3.3 Pathogen Survival in Cadavers and in Plant Tissues 70 3.4.3.4 Latency in Host Populations 70 3.4.4 Persistence of Pathogen Stages in the Environment 71 3.5 Dispersal and Spatial Distribution of Pathogens 72 3.5.1 Physical Factors: Wind and Water Dispersal 73 3.5.2 Biological Factors 73 3.5.3 Spatial Distribution 74 3.6 Pathogen Interactions 75 3.6.1 Interactions with other Biological Agents 75 3.6.2 Interactions with Pesticides and other Chemicals 77 3.6.3 Enhancing Factors 77 3.7 Conclusion 78 References 79 4 The Host Population 101Louela A. Castrillo 4.1 Introduction 101 4.2 General Host Factors 103 4.2.1 Routes of Pathogen Acquisition 103 4.2.2 Insect Species, Life Stage, Age, and Gender 103 4.2.3 Population Density 104 4.3 Barriers to Microbial Infection 105 4.3.1 Insect Integument 105 4.3.2 Tracheae 107 4.3.3 Insect Gut 108 4.3.3.1 Peritrophic Membrane and Basal Lamina 108 4.3.3.2 Conditions in the Gut Lumen 108 4.3.3.3 Sloughing of Infected Epidermal Cells 109 4.4 Defenses against Microbial Infection 110 4.4.1 Innate Immune System 110 4.4.1.1 Constitutive Innate Immunity: Cellular Immunity 110 4.4.1.2 Constitutive Innate Immunity: Phenoloxidase 113 4.4.1.3 Induced Innate Immunity: Reactive Oxygen Species 113 4.4.1.4 Induced Innate Immunity: Antimicrobial Peptides 114 4.4.2 Microbiome]Based Defenses 117 4.4.2.1 Gut Microbiota 117 4.4.2.2 Intracellular Symbionts 118 4.4.3 Behavioral Defenses 119 4.4.3.1 Avoidance/Evasion 120 4.4.3.2 Grooming and Hygienic Behaviors 121 4.4.3.3 Diet]Based Prophylactic and Therapeutic Defenses 122 4.4.3.4 Thermoregulation 123 4.4.3.5 Deposition of Antimicrobial Compounds 123 4.5 Resistance via Priming 124 4.6 Conclusion 125 Acknowledgments 126 References 126 5 Abiotic Factors 143Dana Ment, Ikkei Shikano and Itamar Glazer 5.1 Introduction 143 5.2 The Surviving Unit 143 5.2.1 Nematodes 143 5.2.2 Fungi 144 5.2.3 Viruses 145 5.2.4 Bacteria 146 5.3 Abiotic Factors Affecting Invertebrate Pathogens 146 5.3.1 Temperature 146 5.3.1.1 Nematodes 147 5.3.1.2 Fungi 148 5.3.1.3 Viruses 150 5.3.1.4 Bacteria 152 5.3.2 Moisture and Humidity 152 5.3.2.1 Nematodes 153 5.3.2.2 Fungi 154 5.3.2.3 Viruses 155 5.3.2.4 Bacteria 156 5.3.3 Ultraviolet Radiation 156 5.3.3.1 Nematodes 157 5.3.3.2 Fungi 157 5.3.3.3 Viruses 158 5.3.3.4 Bacteria 158 5.3.4 Chemical Inputs 159 5.3.4.1 Nematodes 159 5.3.4.2 Fungi 160 5.3.4.3 Viruses 160 5.3.4.4 Bacteria 161 5.3.5 Other Habitat Characteristics 162 5.3.5.1 Nematodes 162 5.3.5.2 Fungi 163 5.3.5.3 Viruses 164 5.3.5.4 Bacteria 165 5.4 Mechanisms of Survival 165 5.4.1 Nematodes 165 5.4.2 Fungi 166 5.4.3 Viruses 166 5.4.4 Bacteria 167 5.5 Conclusion 167 References 169 6 The Biotic Environment 187Jenny S. Cory and Pauline S. Deschodt 6.1 Introduction 187 6.2 Tritrophic Interactions 188 6.2.1 Further Complexity 190 6.3 Pathogen– Natural Enemy Interactions 191 6.3.1 Entomopathogen–Entomopathogen Interactions 191 6.3.2 Entomopathogen–Parasitoid Interactions 195 6.3.2.1 Effects of Pathogens on Parasitoids 195 6.3.2.2 Effects of Parasitoids on Pathogens 197 6.3.2.3 Population Level Effects 198 6.3.3 Pathogen–Predator Interactions 199 6.3.4 Conclusion 200 6.4 Microbe- Mediated Defense 200 6.4.1 Heritable Symbionts 201 6.4.2 Do Gut Microflora Influence Pathogen Susceptibility? 202 6.4.3 Future Directions 204 6.5 Conclusion 204 Acknowledgments 204 References 205 Section III Ecology of Pathogen Groups 213 7 Viruses 215Trevor Williams 7.1 Introduction 215 7.2 Diversity of Invertebrate Pathogenic Viruses 216 7.3 Distribution of Invertebrate Pathogenic Viruses 219 7.4 Key Aspects of Pathogen Ecology 220 7.5 Transmission 221 7.5.1 Horizontal Transmission 221 7.5.1.1 Estimating Horizontal Transmission 223 7.5.2 Vertical Transmission 223 7.6 Persistence 225 7.6.1 Persistence within the Host 225 7.6.2 Persistence Outside of the Host 226 7.6.2.1 Persistence on Plants 227 7.6.2.2 Persistence in Soil 229 7.6.2.3 Persistence in Water 230 7.7 Dispersal 231 7.7.1 Host]Mediated Dispersal 231 7.7.2 Environmental Factors Involved in Dispersal 232 7.7.3 Biotic Factors that Assist the Dispersal of Viruses 233 7.7.3.1 Predators 233 7.7.3.2 Parasitoids 234 7.7.3.3 Other Organisms 234 7.7.4 Agricultural Practices that Affect Dispersal 234 7.7.5 Spatial Patterns of Dispersal 235 7.8 Genetic Diversity in Viruses 235 7.8.1 Genetic Diversity is Pervasive in Virus Populations 235 7.8.2 Genetic Diversity Favors Virus Survival 237 7.8.3 What Generates So Much Genetic Diversity? 238 7.8.4 How Is Genetic Diversity Transmitted? 239 7.9 Role of Host Behavior in Virus Ecology 240 7.9.1 Foraging Decisions: What and Where to Eat 240 7.9.2 The Risks of Cannibalism 241 7.9.3 Sexually Transmitted Viral Diseases 241 7.9.4 Ecological Consequences of Host Manipulation by Viruses 242 7.9.4.1 Molecular Basis for Host Manipulation 243 7.10 Dynamics of Viruses in Host Populations 244 7.10.1 Pathogenic Viruses Can Regulate Populations 244 7.10.2 Ecosystem Characteristics that Favor Virus Transmission 246 7.10.3 Climate Change and Insect–Virus Population Dynamics 247 7.11 Influence of Abiotic Factors on Viruses 248 7.11.1 Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Viruses 248 7.11.2 Seasonal Effects on Viruses 250 7.11.3 Effect of Temperature on Viruses 250 7.11.4 Humidity, Moisture and Precipitation 251 7.11.5 Effect of pH on Viruses 251 7.12 Biotic Factors that Interact with Virus Populations 253 7.12.1 Plant Phenology, Structure, and Nutritional Value 253 7.12.2 Phytochemical–Virus Interactions 253 7.12.3 Virus Interactions with Alternative Hosts 254 7.12.4 Competition and Facilitation in Virus Interactions with Other Organisms 255 7.12.4.1 Virus Interactions with Parasitoids 255 7.12.4.2 Virus Interactions with Other Pathogens 257 7.12.4.3 Virus Interactions with Microbiota 258 7.13 Conclusion 258 Acknowledgments 259 References 259 8 Bacteria 287Trevor A. Jackson, Colin Berry and Maureen O’Callaghan 8.1 Introduction 287 8.2 Bacterial Pathogens and Associations with Insects 288 8.3 Pathogenicity and Virulence 294 8.3.1 Pathogenicity 295 8.3.2 Virulence 299 8.4 Disease Transmission 300 8.5 Survival in the Environment 301 8.5.1 Soil 302 8.5.2 Aqueous Environments 304 8.5.3 On the Phylloplane and In Planta 304 8.6 Population Dynamics: Epizootics and Enzootics 305 8.7 Evolution 308 8.8 Ecology Guiding Use of Bacterial Entomopathogens in Microbial Control 309 8.9 Conclusion 311 References 312 9 Fungi 327Ann E. Hajek and Nicolai V. Meyling 9.1 Introduction 327 9.1.1 Fungal Systematics and Taxonomy 328 9.1.2 Relevance of Fungal Systematics and Taxonomy in Ecology 330 9.2 Fungal Biology and Pathology 331 9.2.1 Biology and Pathology of Major Groups of Fungal Pathogens 331 9.2.1.1 Entomophthoromycotina, Entomophthorales 331 9.2.1.2 Ascomycota, Hypocreales 333 9.2.2 Distribution Patterns and Habitat Associations of Invertebrate Pathogenic Fungi 334 9.2.2.1 Patterns of Fungal Abundance and Distribution: Insights from the Use of Molecular Markers 335 9.2.3 Factors Governing Diversity Patterns of Fungal Pathogens 337 9.3 Dynamics of Fungal Pathogens 338 9.3.1 Disease Transmission 338 9.3.2 Fungal Dispersal 341 9.3.3 Fungal Environmental Survival and Persistence 341 9.3.4 Impacts on Host Population Densities over Space and Time 342 9.4 Interactions between Fungal Pathogens and Host Individuals 344 9.4.1 Host Responses to Fungal Pathogens to Prevent or Cure Infections 344 9.5 Impact of Abiotic Factors on Infected Hosts and Pathogen Inocula 347 9.6 Impact of Biotic Factors on Pathogenic Fungi 349 9.6.1 Endophytic and Rhizosphere Associations of Invertebrate Fungal Pathogens 349 9.6.1.1 Natural Occurrence and Distribution of Invertebrate Pathogenic Fungi as Plant Associates 350 9.6.1.2 Experimental Inoculations of Plants with Entomopathogenic Fungi 351 9.6.1.3 Direct and Indirect Fungal Interactions with Insects and Plants 352 9.6.2 Interactions between Host Symbionts and Fungal Pathogens 353 9.6.3 Interactions between Fungal Pathogens and Other Natural Enemies 354 9.6.3.1 Interactions among Co]infecting Pathogens 355 9.6.3.2 Interactions of Fungal Pathogens with Parasitoids and Predators 356 9.6.4 Mycoparasitism of Fungal Pathogens 357 9.7 Use of Pathogenic Fungi for Biological Control of Invertebrates 358 9.8 Conclusion 361 Acknowledgments 361 References 362 10 Microsporidia 379Gernot Hoch and Leellen F. Solter 10.1 Introduction 379 10.1.1 Mechanisms of Infection 380 10.1.2 Microsporidian Life Cycles 381 10.1.3 Pathology 381 10.2 Host Population 383 10.2.1 Susceptibility to Microsporidiosis 383 10.2.2 Immune Response 383 10.2.3 Behavioral Response 384 10.3 Pathogen Population 385 10.3.1 Virulence of Microsporidian Pathogens 385 10.3.2 Host Specificity 386 10.3.2.1 Physiological vs. Ecological Host Specificity 386 10.3.2.2 Host Range 386 10.3.2.3 Alternate Hosts 387 10.3.2.4 Microsporidia Crossing the Invertebrate–Vertebrate Barrier 387 10.3.3 Persistence in the Environment 388 10.4 Transmission 390 10.4.1 Horizontal Transmission 390 10.4.1.1 Transmission from Living Hosts 390 10.4.1.2 Transmission after Host Death 392 10.4.1.3 Transmission by Parasitoid Vectors 393 10.4.1.4 Effects of Host Development and Host–Microsporidia Interactions on Transmission 393 10.4.2 Vertical Transmission 394 10.5 Epizootiology 397 10.5.1 Microsporidian Prevalence in Invertebrate Populations and Impact on Host Populations 397 10.5.2 Microsporidia in Cultured Insects 398 10.5.3 Microsporidia as Potential Biological Control Agents 399 References 400 11 Nematodes 415David I. Shapiro-Ilan, Ivan Hiltpold and Edwin E. Lewis 11.1 Introduction 415 11.1.1 Diversity and Life Histories 415 11.1.2 EPN Distribution 420 11.2 Transmission 421 11.3 Host Population 421 11.4 Pathogen Population 422 11.4.1 Pathogenicity and Virulence 422 11.4.2 Persistence and Recycling 423 11.4.3 Dispersal and Foraging Behavior 423 11.5 Abiotic Environmental Factors 424 11.5.1 Soil Moisture 424 11.5.2 Soil Temperature 425 11.5.3 Soil Characteristics and Chemistry 425 11.5.4 Ultraviolet Light 426 11.6 Biotic Interactions 426 11.6.1 Interactions with Predators and Pathogens, Including Intraguild Competition 426 11.6.2 Cues Used in Host]Finding and Navigation 427 11.6.3 Tri]trophic Interactions (Plant, Insect, Nematode) 427 11.7 Applied Ecology and Aspects in Microbial Control 427 11.7.1 Production, Formulation, and Application 427 11.7.2 Approaches to Microbial Control 428 11.8 Conclusion 430 References 431 Section IV Applied Ecology of Invertebrate Pathogens 441 12 Modeling Insect Epizootics and their Population-Level Consequences 443Bret D. Elderd 12.1 Introduction 443 12.2 The Pathogen and its Hosts 445 12.3 Modeling Disease Transmission: A Single Epizootic 447 12.3.1 Phenomenological and Mechanistic Models 448 12.4 Fitting Models to Data 450 12.4.1 Akaike Information Criterion 451 12.4.2 An Example of the AIC in Action 452 12.5 A Bayesian Approach 453 12.5.1 Fitting a Bayesian Model 454 12.5.2 An Example of the WAIC in Action 456 12.6 Long-Term Dynamics 457 12.6.1 Long]Term Dynamics: Confronting Models with Data 458 12.6.2 Time]Series Diagnostics 459 12.7 Modifying and Applying the Model 462 12.8 Conclusion 463 Acknowledgments 463 References 463 13 Leveraging the Ecology of Invertebrate Pathogens in Microbial Control 469Surendra K. Dara, Tarryn A. Goble and David I. Shapiro-Ilan 13.1 Basics of Microbial Control and Approaches 469 13.1.1 Classical Microbial Control 469 13.1.2 Inoculative Release 471 13.1.3 Inundative Release 472 13.1.4 Conservation/Environmental Manipulation 472 13.2 Ecological Considerations 472 13.2.1 Host Specificity 472 13.2.2 Dispersal Ability 473 13.2.3 Virulence 473 13.2.4 Pathogen Density 473 13.2.5 Host]Related Factors 474 13.2.6 Transmission 474 13.2.7 Environmental Persistence 475 13.3 Methods to Improve Microbial Control 476 13.3.1 Improving the Organism as a Microbial Control Agent 476 13.3.2 Improving Production Methods 477 13.3.3 Improving Formulation and Application Technologies 478 13.3.4 Improving the Environment 479 13.4 Incorporating Microbial Control into Integrated Pest-Management Systems 480 13.4.1 Regulatory Issues 480 13.4.2 Standalone vs. Integrated Approaches 481 13.4.3 Case Studies 481 13.4.3.1 Orchard Crops 482 13.4.3.2 Row Crops 482 13.4.3.3 Forests 483 13.4.3.4 Greenhouses 483 13.5 Conclusion 484 References 484 14 Prevention and Management of Diseases in Terrestrial Invertebrates 495Jørgen Eilenberg and Annette Bruun Jensen 14.1 Introduction 495 14.1.1 Types of Production Facilities 496 14.1.2 Transmission of Insect Diseases in Production Facilities 499 14.2 Major uses of Insects and Mites in the Production and Transmission of Insect Pathogens within Production Systems 500 14.2.1 Pollination and Honey Production 500 14.2.2 Silk Production 507 14.2.3 Biological Control 509 14.2.4 Production of Insects for Food and Feed 512 14.3 Status of Diagnostic Services 516 14.4 Ensuring Production of Healthy Insects 516 14.5 Conclusion 519 Acknowledgments 519 References 519 15 Prevention and Management of Infectious Diseases in Aquatic Invertebrates 527Jeffrey D. Shields 15.1 Scope 527 15.1.1 Myriad Pathogens Infect Aquatic Invertebrates 527 15.1.2 Overview of Disease Issues in Assessing Epidemics in Aquatic Invertebrates 531 15.2 Oyster Diseases 539 15.3 Crustacean Diseases 543 15.3.1 Outbreaks in Shrimp Aquaculture 544 15.3.2 Disease Management in Shrimp Aquaculture 548 15.3.2.1 Switching Species and Specific Pathogen]Free (SPF) Stocks 549 15.3.2.2 Surveillance 550 15.3.2.3 Development of “Vaccines” 551 15.3.2.4 Ecological and Biological Control 551 15.3.3 Crayfish and Krebspest 552 15.3.4 Disease Emergence in Culture of the Chinese Mitten Crab 553 15.4 Crustacean Fisheries 554 15.4.1 Snow Crabs and Bitter Crab Disease 555 15.4.2 American Lobster and Epizootic Shell Disease 556 15.4.3 Spiny Lobsters and PaV1 559 15.5 Agencies for Disease Management 560 15.6 Conclusion 563 Acknowledgments 563 References 563 16 Ecology of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Invertebrates 587Colleen A. Burge, Amanda Shore-Maggio and Natalie D. Rivlin 16.1 Introduction 587 16.2 Host–Pathogen Relationships and Anthropogenic Change 593 16.2.1 Ecological Context of Invertebrate Host–Pathogen Relationships 593 16.2.2 Anthropogenic Change and Disease Emergence 594 16.2.2.1 Host Factors 595 16.2.2.2 Pathogen Factors 595 16.2.2.3 Environment Factors 595 16.3 Case Studies of Invertebrate Disease Emergence 596 16.3.1 Molluscan Herpesvirus Infections of Bivalves 597 16.3.1.1 OsHV]1 Infections of Pacific Oysters and Other Bivalves 598 16.3.2 Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease of Shrimp 601 16.3.3 Emerging Densoviruses of Arthropods and Echinoderms 603 16.3.3.1 Acheta domesticus Densovirus 603 16.3.3.2 Sea Star]Associated Densovirus 604 16.3.4 Emerging Pathogens of Pollinators 605 16.3.4.1 Varroa destructor and Deformed Wing Virus 606 16.3.4.2 Spillover and spread of Nosema ceranae 607 16.3.4.3 Multi]stressors, Bee Mortalities and Control Measures 608 16.3.5 Emergent Coral Diseases 608 16.3.5.1 Black Band Disease 609 16.3.5.2 Acroporid Serratosis 610 16.3.5.3 Problems Facing Coral Disease Investigations 610 16.4 Conclusion 611 Acknowledgments 612 References 612 17 Conclusions and Future Directions 627David Shapiro-Ilan and Ann E. Hajek 17.1 The Increasing Urgency of the Study of Invertebrate Pathogen Ecology 627 17.1.1 Food Security and the Role of Microbial Control 627 17.1.2 Conservation of Beneficial Organisms 628 17.2 The Future for Invasive and Native Invertebrate Pathogens 629 17.3 New Directions and Novel Tools for Studying Invertebrate Ecology 630 17.3.1 Molecular Tools 630 17.3.2 Chemical Ecology and Signaling 631 17.3.3 Exploring Other Novel Biotic Associations 632 17.3.4 Interdisciplinary Studies 633 References 634 Index 637
£101.60
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Revolutionizing Tropical Medicine
Book SynopsisA comprehensive resource describing innovative technologies and digital health tools that can revolutionize the delivery of health care in low- to middle-income countries, particularly in remote rural impoverished communities Revolutionizing Tropical Medicine offers an up-to-date guide for healthcare and other professionals working in low-resource countries where access to health care facilities for diagnosis and treatment is challenging. Rather than suggesting the expensive solution of building new bricks and mortar clinics and hospitals and increasing the number of doctors and nurses in these deprived areas, the authors propose a complete change of mindset. They outline a number of ideas for improving healthcare including rapid diagnostic testing for infectious and non-infectious diseases at a point-of-care facility, together with low cost portable imaging devices. In addition, the authors recommend a change in the way in which health care is delivered.Table of ContentsPart I The Health of Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries Today 1 1 The Burden of Communicable Diseases in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries 3Kerry Atkinson and David Mabey 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Definition of a Communicable Disease 4 1.3 Definition of Low‐ to Middle‐Income Countries 4 1.4 Definition of Burden of Disease 5 1.5 Definition of Disease Elimination 7 1.6 Definition of Disease Eradication 7 1.7 Definition of the Primary Point‐of‐Care 7 1.8 The 2000 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Their Outcomes 7 1.9 Major Individual Diseases in the LMICs: The Big Three ‐ Malaria, HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis 9 1.10 Other Important Communicable Diseases in the LMICs 17 1.11 Neglected Tropical Disease (NTDs) Prioritized by the World Health Organisation 29 1.12 A Comparison of Health Metrics in an LMIC (Papua New Guinea) and a Developed Country (Australia) with a 7 km Distance Between them 31 1.13 Conclusions 32 Bibliography 32 Webliography 35 2 The Burden of Non‐communicable Diseases in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries 37Heiner Grosskurth 2.1 Introduction 38 2.2 Common Non‐communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 38 2.3 NCD Epidemiology 38 2.4 Prevention of Non‐communicable Diseases 44 2.5 The Relationship Between Communicable and Non‐communicable Diseases 44 2.6 The Health System Burden of NCDs 46 2.7 The Economic Impact of NCDs 47 2.8 The Response to the NCD Epidemic in LMICs 48 2.9 The Readiness of Primary Healthcare Services in LMICs to Cope with the NCD Burden 50 2.10 Introducing Effective NCD Control at Primary Care Services: A Practical Approach 52 2.11 The Role of Primary Healthcare Services in Cancer Prevention and Care 67 2.12 Evaluating Programmes to Strengthen NCD Services at Primary Care Level 70 2.13 Conclusions 70 Bibliography 70 Webliography 78 Part II How to improve healthcare in low‐ and middle‐income countries by primary point‐of‐care rapid diagnostic testing 81 3 The Optimal Features of a Rapid Point-of-Care Diagnostic Test 83David Mabey and Rosanna Peeling 3.1 Introduction 83 3.2 Accuracy Versus Accessibility 83 3.3 Quality Assurance 84 3.4 The Importance of Connectivity 85 3.5 Environmental Friendliness 86 References 86 Webliography 87 4 Revolutionizing HIV Healthcare Delivery Through Rapid and Point‐of‐Care Testing 88Catherine J. Wedderburn, Debrah I. Boeras, and Rosanna W. Peeling 4.1 Synopsis 88 4.2 Introduction 89 4.3 Diagnostic Tests in Resource‐Limited Settings 89 4.4 Challenges of Using Rapid and Point‐of‐Care Testing Within the Context of the Healthcare System 92 4.5 Recent Advances in HIV Diagnosis and Monitoring and Their Impact 93 4.6 WHO Recommendations: POC Diagnostics for Achieving the 90‐90‐90 Goals 98 4.7 Remaining Challenges – Human Resources, Quality Assurance, and Test Selection and Placement 98 4.8 Moving Forward 99 4.9 Conclusions 100 Bibliography 101 Webliography 103 5 Rapid Point‐of‐Care Diagnostic Tests for Tuberculosis 105Richard Lessells 5.1 Introduction 105 5.2 The Need for Rapid Point‐of‐Care TB Diagnostic Tests 106 5.3 Weaknesses in the TB Diagnostic Cascade 106 5.4 Potential Impact of Rapid Point‐of‐Care Diagnostic Tests 107 5.5 Defining the Diagnostic Needs 107 5.6 Smear Microscopy 107 5.7 Molecular Diagnostic Tests 109 5.8 Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) 112 5.9 Line Probe Assays 113 5.10 Other Molecular Tests 113 5.11 Antigen Tests 114 5.12 Combination Diagnostic Packages 115 5.13 Next Generation Sequencing 117 5.14 Diagnostic Imaging 117 5.15 Other Diagnostics 118 5.16 Conclusions 118 References 119 6 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Syphilis 126David Mabey, Michael Marks, and Rosanna W. Peeling 6.1 Introduction 126 6.2 The Diagnosis of Syphilis 129 6.3 The Impact of POC Testing for Syphilis 131 6.4 Challenges in the Implementation of POC Testing 133 6.5 The Future 134 References 134 7 Point‐of‐Care and Near‐Point‐of‐Care Diagnostic Tests for Malaria: Light Microscopy, Rapid Antigen‐Detecting Tests and Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays 137Heidi Hopkins, and Jane Cunningham 7.1 Introduction 137 7.2 Diagnosis of Malaria 138 7.3 Light Microscopy of Blood Smears 139 7.4 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria (mRDTs) 140 7.5 Nucleic Acid Amplification‐Based Tests (NAATs) for Malaria 142 7.6 Impact of Point‐of‐Care Testing for Malaria 143 7.7 Challenges in Implementation of POC Testing for Malaria 144 7.8 The Future 146 Biblography 146 Webliography 156 8 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Human African Trypanosomiasis 159Veerle Lejon, Epco Hasker, and Philippe Büscher 8.1 Introduction 159 8.2 The Early Introduction of Immunodiagnostic Tests in the Diagnosis of HAT 160 8.3 CATT/T.b. gambiense: A Breakthrough in the Immunodiagnosis of Gambiense‐HAT 161 8.4 The Changing Epidemiology of Gambiense‐HAT: The Need for Improved Rapid Diagnostic Tests 163 8.5 Second Generation RDTs for HAT 165 8.6 Future Perspectives and Challenges 165 References 166 Webliography 169 9 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Visceral Leishmaniasis 170Marleen Boelaert, Suman Rijal, and François Chappuis 9.1 Introduction 170 9.2 Parasitology, a Reference Standard? 171 9.3 Serological Assays 172 9.4 The First Serological Test for Field Use: The Direct Agglutination Assay 173 9.5 The Early Development an Immunochromatographic Test Using the Recombinant Leishmania Antigen rK39 174 9.6 Impact of the VL RDT 174 9.7 Challenges 175 9.8 Other Tests 175 9.9 Discussion 176 9.10 Conclusions 177 References 177 10 A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Dengue 181Claire Mullender, and James Whitehorn 10.1 Introduction 181 10.2 Clinical Features of Dengue 182 10.3 The Importance of Making a Rapid Diagnosis 183 10.4 The Host Response to Infection 184 10.5 Existing Diagnostic Strategies 184 10.6 Review of Existing Rapid Diagnostic Tests 186 10.7 Future Directions 188 10.8 Conclusions 188 References 188 11 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Influenza 191A.C. Hurt, and I.G. Barr 11.1 Introduction 191 11.2 Overview of RIDTs 192 11.3 Antigen Detection‐based RIDTs 195 11.4 Nucleic Acid Detection‐based RIDTs 197 11.5 Factors that Alter RIDTs Performance 198 11.6 The Use of RIDTs in LMICs 198 11.7 Conclusions 199 Acknowledgment 199 References 200 12 A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Ebola Virus Disease 202Catherine Houlihan and Colin Brown 12.1 Case Report 202 12.2 Introduction 203 12.3 Diagnostic Methods to Detect Ebola Virus Disease 203 12.4 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Ebola Virus Disease for Use in a Point‐of‐Care Facility 206 12.5 Conclusions 209 Bibliography 210 Webliography 212 13 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Yaws 213Michael Marks 13.1 Introduction 213 13.2 Epidemiology 214 13.3 Clinical Features 215 13.4 Diagnostic Quandaries 217 13.5 Diagnostic Tests for Yaws 217 13.6 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Yaws 218 13.7 Molecular Assays 219 References 221 14 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Sickling Hemoglobin 224Amina Nardo‐Marino and Tom N. Williams 14.1 Sickle Cell Disease 224 14.2 Diagnosing Sickle Cell Disease 225 14.3 Conclusions 229 Bibliography 229 15 Progress Toward the Development of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis 231Roger B. Peck, Dunia Faulx, and Tala de los Santos 15.1 Introduction 231 15.2 The Development of Rapid Diagnostic Tests 234 15.3 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Lymphatic Filariasis 234 15.4 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Onchocerciasis 236 15.5 Next tests and Steps 240 Bibliography 240 Webliography 242 Part III Other tests that can be performed rapidly at the primary‐point‐of-care 245 16 Point‐of‐Care Testing for Blood Counts, HbA1c, Renal Function, Electrolytes, Acid–Base Balance and Hepatitis 247Mark Shephard, Lara Motta, Brooke Spaeth, Heather Halls, and Lauren Duckworth 16.1 Introduction 248 16.2 Point‐of‐Care Testing for Blood Counts 248 16.3 Point‐of‐Care Testing for HbA1c 252 16.4 Point‐of‐Care Testing for Renal Function 254 16.5 Point‐of‐Care Testing for Electrolytes and Acid–Base Balance 257 16.6 Point‐of‐Care Testing for Hepatitis 261 16.7 Conclusions 265 Bibliography 266 Webliography 268 17 Microscopy Skills: Cell Counts, Gram Stains, Ziehl‐Neelsen Staining (ZN) and Blood Films 270Michael Harrison 17.1 Introduction 270 17.2 Microscopy 271 17.3 Microscopy in a POC Testing Laboratory 273 17.4 Gram Staining 274 17.5 Ziehl‐Neelsen Stain (ZN) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis 275 17.6 Blood Film Preparation, Staining and Reporting 276 17.7 Conclusions 278 Bibliography 280 Webliography 280 18 India Ink Stain and Cryptococcal Antigen Test for Cryptococcal Infection 281Hannah K. Mitchell, Joseph N. Jarvis, and Mark W. Tenforde 18.1 Introduction 281 18.2 Diagnosis of Cryptococcal Meningitis 282 18.3 Cryptococcal Antigen Testing (CrAg) 283 18.4 India Ink Stain 285 18.5 CrAg Testing for the Prevention of Cryptococcal Meningitis 286 18.6 Logistical Challenges of CrAg Screening 288 18.7 Non‐Meningeal Cryptococcal Disease 289 18.8 Conclusions 289 References 290 19 Mid Upper Arm Circumference Tapes for Assessment of Severe Acute Malnutrition 294Jane Crawley, Martha Mwangome, James Berkley, and André Briend 19.1 Introduction 294 19.2 Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) 296 19.3 Comparison of MUAC with other Anthropometric Indices 296 19.4 MUAC: A Brief Historical Perspective 296 19.5 Technique for Measuring MUAC 297 19.6 MUAC, Mortality Risk, and Definitions of Severe Acute Malnutrition 298 19.7 Conclusions: Use of MUAC in Different Settings 301 References 302 Webliography 304 20 Spirometry for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Due to Inhalation of Smoke from Indoor Fires Used for Cooking and Heating 306Janet G. Shaw, Annalicia Vaughan, Emma Smith, Cai Fong, Svetlana Stevanovic, and Ian A. Yang 20.1 Introduction 306 20.2 Indoor Air Pollution from Burning Biomass 307 20.3 Mechanisms of Lung Damage from Exposure to Biomass Smoke 309 20.4 Biomass Smoke‐Related Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 311 20.5 Detecting Airflow Obstruction in Biomass Smoke‐Related COPD 314 20.6 Lessons Learnt from Clinical Guidelines for the Detection of Cigarette Smoking‐Related COPD 317 20.7 Conclusions 319 Acknowledgments 320 Bibliography 320 Webliography 326 21 Point‐of‐Care Pulse Oximetry for Children in Low‐Resource Settings 327Carina King, Hamish Graham, and Eric D. McCollum 21.1 Introduction 327 21.2 Hypoxemia 328 21.3 Pulse Oximetry 330 21.4 Current Situation in Low‐Resource Settings 332 21.5 Current Challenges and Future Opportunities 333 21.6 Conclusions 339 Acknowledgments 339 Bibliography 340 Webliography 343 22 The Use of Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy to Monitor Tissue Oxygenation, Metabolism and Injury in Low Resource Settings 344Gemma Bale, and Ilias Tachtsidis 22.1 Introduction 344 22.2 Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy 346 22.3 Clinical Applications 349 22.4 Research Applications 350 22.5 The Use of NIRS in Low Resource Settings 350 22.6 Conclusions 355 Bibliography 356 Webliography 357 Part IV Cheap imaging technologies 361 23 The Use of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound in the Resource‐Limited Setting 363Tom Heller, Michaëla A.M. Huson, Sabine Bélard, Dan Kaminstein, and Elizabeth Joekes 23.1 Introduction to Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound (POCUS) 365 23.2 Physics and Technical Aspects of Ultrasound 366 23.3 Most Relevant POCUS Applications in the Resource‐Limited Setting 369 23.4 Considerations for Teaching and Implementation 402 23.5 Conclusions 403 Bibliography 403 Webliography 405 24 The Use of Obstetric Ultrasound in Low Resource Settings 406Helen Allott 24.1 Introduction 406 24.2 Pregnancy‐Related Problems for Which Portable Ultrasound may be Useful 406 24.3 Problems with the Use of Ultrasound Scanning in Limited Resource Settings 407 24.4 Provision of Trained Sonographers 409 24.5 The Perspective of the Pregnant Woman to Antenatal Ultrasound Scanning 410 24.6 Abuse of Ultrasound Scanning in Pregnancy 410 24.7 Advances in Ultrasound Technology (and See Chapter 23) 411 24.8 Targeted Ultrasound Scanning 412 24.9 Conclusions 412 References 413 25 Examining the Optic Fundus and Assessing Visual Acuity and Visual Fields Using Mobile Technology 414Nigel M. Bolster, and Andrew Bastawrous 25.1 Introduction: The Ascent of Mobile Technology 414 25.2 Visual Acuity 418 25.3 Visual Fields 424 25.4 Smartphone Ophthalmoscopy 427 25.5 Discussion 432 25.6 Conclusions 434 Part V Telemedicine 439 26 Telemedicine for Clinical Management of Adults in Remote and Rural Areas 441Farhad Fatehi, Monica Taylor, Liam J. Caffery, and Anthony C. Smith 26.1 Introduction 442 26.2 Definitions 443 26.3 Types of Service 444 26.4 Purposes of Telemedicine 444 26.5 Telemedicine for Improving Access to Care 445 26.6 Establishing a Sustainable Telehealth Network: A Case Study from Brazil 445 26.7 Swinfen Telemedicine: A Case Study of Intercontinental Telemedicine 446 26.8 Telemedicine in Natural Disaster Responses 446 26.9 Telemedicine for Remote Training of Healthcare Professionals 447 26.10 Telemedicine for Mental Health (and see Chapter 29) 449 26.11 The Rise of Mobile Health (mHealth) 451 26.12 Social Networking for Clinical Purposes 452 26.13 The World Health Organization and Telemedicine 456 26.14 Challenges and Barriers to Implementation 457 26.15 Conclusions 459 Bibliography 460 Webliography 461 27 Telemedicine for the Delivery of Specialist Pediatric Services 462Anthony C. Smith, Monica Taylor, Farhad Fatehi, and Liam J. Caffery 27.1 Introduction 463 27.2 Technical Consideration for Telemedicine in LMICs 464 27.3 Models of Care in Telepediatrics 469 27.4 Swinfen Charitable Trust Telemedicine Service 469 27.5 Selected Examples of SCT Referrals 470 27.6 National and International Telemedicine Services 474 27.7 mHealth Applications for LMICs 475 27.8 Telemedicine Screening Services 476 27.9 Telemedicine Support during Disaster Situations 476 27.10 Challenges Associated with Telemedicine Adoption in LMICs 477 27.11 Telepediatric Case Studies in LMICs 478 27.12 Pathology Services 480 27.13 Radiographic (Imaging) Services 480 27.14 Maternal Health Services 481 27.15 Conclusions 481 27.16 Acknowledgements 481 27.17 Useful Websites 481 Bibliography 482 Webliography 486 28 Telemedicine in the Diagnosis and Management of Skin Diseases 488Giselle Prado, Odinaka Anyanwu, and Carrie Kovarik 28.1 Introduction 489 28.2 Methods of Delivering Teledermatology: Store and Forward Versus Live Interactive Methods 490 28.3 The History of Teledermatology 490 28.4 Global Teledermatology Programs 490 28.5 Teledermatology in Africa 491 28.6 BUP: The Botswana – University of Pennsylvania Partnership 493 28.7 Teledermatopathology in Botswana 494 28.8 Diagnostic Concordance 495 28.9 Teledermatology in Asia 497 28.10 Teledermatology in Latin America 497 28.11 Barriers 498 28.12 Costs 499 28.13 Education and Training 499 28.14 Equipment and Internet Access 499 28.15 Privacy Concerns 500 28.16 Cultural Hesitancy 500 28.17 Language Barriers 501 28.18 Availability of Treatments 501 28.19 Legal Issues 501 28.20 Follow‐up 501 28.21 Ensuring Success of a New Teledermatology Initiative 501 28.22 Conclusions 502 Bibliography 502 29 Digital Technology, Including Telemedicine, in the Management of Mental Illness 505John A Naslund, Sophia M. Bartels, and Lisa A. Marsch 29.1 Introduction and Background 505 29.2 Why Mental Disorders? 506 29.3 Growing Access to Digital Technology and New Opportunities 508 29.4 Promising Examples from Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries 509 29.5 Critical Assessment of the Risks and Limitations 517 29.6 Future Directions and Implications 519 29.7 Conclusions 524 Bibliography 525 Webliography 530 30 The Use of Mobile Chest X‐Rays for Tuberculosis Telemedicine 531Meghan L. Jardon, Kelsey L. Pomykala, Ishita Desai, and Kara‐Lee Pool 30.1 Background 531 30.2 Lack of Access to Radiology 532 30.3 Implementation 532 30.4 Cost 536 30.5 Sustainability 536 30.6 Chest X‐Ray Information Technology (IT) 538 30.7 Mobile Devices 540 30.8 Education to Ensure Sustainability 541 30.9 Conclusions 542 Bibliography 542 Webliography 545 Part VI The future 549 31 An Introduction to Digital Health 551Kerry Atkinson 31.1 Introduction 552 31.2 The Pillars and Components of Digital Health for Use in the LMICs 552 31.3 Smartphones and Internet Access 554 31.4 Wearables 555 31.5 Personal Digital Assistants and Chatbots 558 31.6 Augmented Reality 558 31.7 Big Data 558 31.8 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 558 31.9 The Game Changer – A Smartphone with AI Access 563 31.10 Conclusions 564 Bibliography 564 Webliography 564 32 Digital Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 566Martin Seneviratne and David Peiris 32.1 Introduction – The Digital Health Revolution 567 32.2 The Current Landscape 569 32.3 HIV/AIDS 569 32.4 Diabetes Mellitus 570 32.5 Maternal Health 570 32.6 Core Functionalities 571 32.7 Patient‐facing Functions 571 32.8 Clinician‐facing Functions 573 32.9 Electronic Medical Record Management 574 32.10 Point‐of‐Care Diagnostic Tests 575 32.11 Epidemiology 575 32.12 Inventory Management and Supply Chain 575 32.13 Challenges to Scale 575 32.14 Emerging Trends and Future Vision 578 32.15 Conclusions 580 Bibliography 580 Webliography 583 33 Nucleic Acid Detection of Tuberculosis Via Innovative Point‐of‐Care Nanotechnologies Targeted for Low Resource Settings 584Benjamin Y.C. Ng, Eugene J.H. Wee, Nicholas P. West, and Matt Trau 33.1 Introduction 584 33.2 Nucleic Acid Detection of Tuberculosis 585 33.3 The Availability of Rapid Diagnostic Tests at the Peripheral Healthcare Level 585 33.4 Leveraging Innovative Nanotechnologies for Point‐of‐Care TB Diagnosis 587 33.5 Sample Preparation Workflow 589 33.6 Nanotechnologies for TB DNA Sensing and Readouts 590 33.7 Quantitative DNA Detection Methodologies 592 33.8 Drug‐resistant Tuberculosis 594 33.9 Conclusions 595 References 596 34 The Use of Functional Nanoparticles for Water Purification 600Jing Zhang, Chuanping Feng, and Chengzhong Yu 34.1 Introduction 600 34.2 Disinfection 602 34.3 Adsorption 607 34.4 Electrochemistry 609 34.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 609 References 610 35 The Use of Drones in the Delivery of Rural Healthcare 615Debrah I. Boeras, Blanche C. Collins, and Rosanna W. Peeling 35.1 Challenges in Healthcare Delivery – Opportunities for Innovation 616 35.2 The Need for Disruptive Solutions for Healthcare Delivery in Rural Areas 616 35.3 The Use of Drones for Healthcare Delivery 617 35.4 Further Focus on Uptake of Drone Technology by Different Countries 621 35.5 Models of Potential Public‐Private Collaboration 622 35.6 Promises and Challenges of the Use of Drones in Healthcare Delivery 623 35.7 Outlook for the Future 624 35.8 Conclusions 626 Bibliography 626 Webliography 630 36 Implementation of Point‐of‐Care Tests: Lessons Learnt 633Rosanna W. Peeling, and Debrah I. Boeras 36.1 Synopsis 633 36.2 Healthcare Needs in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries 634 36.3 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease (and See Chapter 4) 636 36.4 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Syphilis (and See Chapter 6) 637 36.5 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Tuberculosis (TB) (and See Chapter 5) 638 36.6 Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria (and See Chapter 7) 638 36.7 Lessons Learnt from the Implementation of POC Tests 639 36.8 Lessons Learnt from the Implementation of POC Tests for Three Diseases 640 36.9 The Way Forward 642 36.10 The New Paradigm for Technological Innovation and Implementation 643 36.11 Conclusions 644 Bibliography 644 Webliography 648 37 Useful Electronic Healthcare Resources Available for Those Working in Remote Settings 649Tyler Evans 37.1 Introduction 649 37.2 General Web‐Based Resources 650 37.3 Travel Medicine 651 37.4 The Big Three Communicable Diseases in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries (LMICs) 652 37.5 Hepatitis C 656 37.6 Other Infectious Diseases (IDs) 657 37.7 Dermatology 657 37.8 Obstetrics and Gynecology 658 37.9 Pediatrics 658 37.10 Psychiatry 658 37.11 Emergency Medicine (EM) 659 37.12 Preventive Health 659 37.13 Disease Mapping 660 37.14 Pharmaceuticals 660 37.15 Online Courses 661 37.16 Recommended Books 661 37.17 Institutions, Societies and Books 662 Webliography 663 38 The Future – How Do We Get from Here to There? 666Kerry Atkinson and David Mabey 38.1 Progress to Date 667 38.2 Major Factors Adversely Affecting Global Health 670 38.3 Continue Doing What Works 674 38.4 New Measures for Improving Remote Rural Healthcare 674 38.5 The UN 2015 Sustainable Development Goals for 2016–2030 677 38.6 Conclusions 681 Bibliography 682 Webliography 683 Glossary 684 Index 693
£186.15
John Wiley & Sons Inc Lab Exercises in Microbiology 5e Student Choice
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface iii Introduction: Laboratory Operations and Safety xiii Basic Rules for Microbiology Laboratory Safety xv Part 1 General Microscopy and Aseptic Technique 1 Laboratory Safety: Introduction to the Microscope 3 Laboratory Safety and Procedures 4 Laboratory Procedures 4 Simple Stain Technique 5 The Microscope 6 Microscope Components (Plate 1) 7 Eukaryotic Versus Prokaryotic Cells (Plates 2A, 2B) 10 Laboratory Cleanup 10 Microscope Cleanup 10 Discards 11 General Cleanup 11 Speaking of Safety 11 2 Transfer and Isolation Techniques, Microbes in the Environment 17 Transfer Technique 17 Tube-to-Tube Transfers 18 Basic Aseptic Technique Procedures 18 Isolation Techniques: Streak Plate and Pour Plate (Optional) 22 Streak Plate (Plate 3) 22 Prepare the Following Streak Plates Using the Cultures Provided 25 To Lap or Not to Lap— That is the Question 25 Pour Plate (Plate 4) Optional, May be Done as a Demonstration 25 Microbes in the Environment 26 Human Environment: Procedure 27 Classroom/School Environment: Procedure 27 Incubation 27 Results 27 Laboratory Cleanup 28 Discards 28 General Cleanup 28 Part 2 Microbial Morphology, Differential Stains 3 Cultural and Cellular Morphology 33 Cultural Characteristics of Bacteria 33 Procedure: Plates (Plate 5) 34 Procedure: Agar Slants 35 Procedure: Broth (Plate 6) 35 Microbial Cellular Morphology 35 Smear Preparation 36 Broth Preparation 37 Agar Slant and Plate Preparation 37 Simple Stain Procedure 37 Results from the Simple Stain Procedure (Plates 7–16) 38 Results from Prepared Slide 38 Laboratory Cleanup 38 4 Bacterial Growth 43 Factors Needed for Bacterial Growth 44 Measuring Bacterial Growth 45 Procedure for Preparation of Spread Plate 45 Procedure for Demonstration of a Bacterial Growth Curve 47 5 Gram Stain and Acid-Fast Stain 53 The Gram Stain 53 The Gram Stain Technique (Traditional Method) (Plate 17A, B, C) 54 Gram Stain: (Alternative Method) 55 The Acid-Fast Stain Technique (Plate 18) 56 Acid-Fast Technique 56 Laboratory Cleanup 58 Incubation 58 Discards 58 General Cleanup 58 Slides and Microscopes 58 6 Endospore Stain, Capsule Stain, and the Hanging Drop Technique 61 The Endospore Stain 61 The Spore Stain Technique (Plates 19, 20) 62 Results 63 The Capsule Stain 63 The Capsule Stain Technique (Plate 21) 63 The Hanging Drop Technique 64 Results 64 7 Fungi 69 The Fungi 69 Results 72 8 Viruses—Visualization and Enumeration 77 Viruses 77 Bacteriophage Enumeration 78 Results 80 9 Parasitology 85 Part 3 Microbial Control and Biochemistry 10 Microbial Sensitivity Testing 97 Part 1: Physical Methods Ultraviolet Light Sensitivity 98 Sterilization by the Use of UV Light 98 The Penetrating Power of UV Light (Plate 34) 99 Heat Sensitivity (may be done as an alternative to the UV light procedure) 101 Effect of Cold Temperature and Slow Freezing (Optional) 102 Part 2: Chemical Methods Chemical Sensitivity 102 Chemotherapeutic Agent Testing: The Kirby–Bauer Plate 103 The Kirby–Bauer Technique 104 Results 107 11 Bacterial Biochemistry 113 Carbohydrate Metabolizing Enzymes 114 Results 115 Carbohydrate Fermentation (Phenol Red Broth) Tubes (Plate 37) 115 Amino Acid and Nitrogen Metabolism 116 Results 117 Decarboxylase Tubes (Plate 42) 117 12 Gas Requirements of Microorganisms 123 Growth of Anaerobes (may be done as a demonstration) 124 Demonstration of Catalase 125 13 Specialized Media 129 Examples 130 Inoculation of Blood Agar Plates for Demonstration of Alpha Hemolysis and Transport Medium 131 Inoculation of Blood, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Mannitol Salt, Macconkey, and Eosin–Methylene Blue Agar Plates 132 Results 133 Inoculation of Triple Sugar Iron Agar and Sulfide–Indole Motility Medium 133 Results 134 Results of Transport Medium 134 Part 4 Medical Microbiology 14 Genetics 143 Ames Test 144 UV Light Procedure 145 Kirby–Bauer Procedure 145 Results: Ames Test (Plate 55) 145 Results: UV Light Procedure (Plate 35) 146 Results: Kirby–Bauer Test (Plates 36, 55) 146 15 Epidemiology 149 Handwashing Procedure (Done with Three Students) 150 Results: Handwashing (Plate 56) 151 Fomite and Direct Transmission of Microbes 151 Results: Fomite and Direct Transmission 152 Airborne Infections: Cough and Sneeze Plates 152 Results: Airborne and Cough/Sneeze Plates 153 Microbes in Makeup (Optional) 153 Results: Microbes in Makeup 153 16 Specimen-Handling Protocols 159 Quantitative Urinalysis 160 Results: Urine Samples 162 Specimens from the Gastrointestinal Tract 163 Results: GI Tract Isolation Technique 163 17 Specific Laboratory Tests 169 Catalase Test 171 Alternative Method (to be done at the end of this exercise) 171 Results: Catalase Test (Plate 46) 171 Bacitracin Sensitivity—Demonstration 171 Results: Bacitracin Sensitivity (Plate 57) 172 Oxidase Test 172 Results: Oxidase Test (Plate 59) 172 Coagulase Test 172 Rapid Slide Test 172 Tube Test 172 Results: Coagulase Tube Test (Plate 60) 172 Novobiocin Sensitivity 172 Results: Novobiocin Sensitivity 173 Camp Test (Plate 58) 173 Results: Camp 173 18 Serology 179 Elisa Test: Test for Toxins A and B from Clostridium Difficile 180 Results 182 Rapid Identification of Group A Antigen 182 Results 184 Differentiation of Streptococci Using Latex Agglutination 184 Slidex Strepto-Kit® 184 Results 186 Procedure Controls 186 Part 5 Identification of a Bacterial Unknown 19 Identification of Enteric Pathogens: Traditional Methods 191 Results 194 IMVIC Test (See Plate 61) 194 Results of Gelatin Hydrolysis 194 Results of the Oxidase Test (See Plate 59) 194 20 Identification of Enteric Pathogens: Rapid Identification Methods 201 EnteroPluri Test (Plate 62) 201 Compartment 1: Glucose Fermentation and Gas Production 202 Compartments 2 and 3: Lysine and Ornithine Decarboxylation 202 Compartment 4: Sulfide and Indole Production 202 Compartments 5–8: Adonitol, Lactose, Arabinose, and Sorbitol Fermentation 202 Compartment 9: Voges–Proskauer 202 Compartment 10: Phenylalanine Deaminase and Dulcitol 202 Compartment 11: Urea 202 Compartment 12: Citrate 202 Api® 20 E System (Plate 63) 203 Microtube 1: Ortho-Nitrophenyl-Beta-D-Ortho-Nitrophenyl-Beta-D-Galactopyranoside (Onpg) 203 Microtubes 2–4: Arginine Dihydrolase (Decarboxylase), Lysine Decarboxylase, and Ornithine Decarboxylase (Adh, Ldc, Odc) 203 Microtube 5: Citrate (Cit) 203 Microtube 6: Sulfide (H2s) 203 Microtube 7: Urea (Ure) 203 Microtube 8: Tryptophan Deaminase (Tda) 203 Microtube 9: Indole (Ind) 203 Microtube 10: Voges–Proskauer (Vp) 203 Microtube 11: Gelatin Hydrolysis (Gel) 203 Microtubes 12–20: Utilization of the Carbohydrates Glucose, Mannitol, Inositol, Sorbitol, Rhamnose, Saccharose (Sucrose), Melibiose, Amygdalin, and Arabinose (Glu, Man, Ino, Sor, Rha, Sac, Mel, Amy, And Ara) 203 Inoculation of Rapid Identification Media 204 Inoculation of EnteroPluri Test 204 Inoculation of the Api 20 E System 204 Results 205 21 Identification of a Bacterial Unknown: The Gram-Negative Unknown 209 Review 209 Comparison Chart 210 Flowchart 210 Computer Identification 210 ID Value Worksheet for EnteroPluri Test II 212 Results 213 22 Identification of a Bacterial Unknown: The Gram-Positive Cocci 217 Part 6 Food and Environmental Microbiology 23 Identification and Quantitation of Microbial Numbers in a Water Sample 225 Presumptive Test: Analysis of a Contaminated Water Sample for the Presence of Coliforms 226 Results 227 Quantitation of Microbial Number in a Water Sample 227 Results (Plate 64) 228 24 Identification of Microbes in Beef and Poultry and the Quantitation of Microbial Numbers 231 Microbial Presence in a Food Product and Colony Counts 232 Results 233 Recognition of Organism Genera 233 25 Soil Microbiology 237 Part 1: The Recovery of Microorganisms from Soil 238 Results 239 Isolation Of Soil Bacteria 239 Results 239 Part 2: Isolation of Soil Bacteriophages of Bacillus Subtilis 239 Results 240 26 Microbial Ecology 245 Competition Between Bacteria 246 Results 246 Bacteriocin Production 246 Results 247 Bacterial–Fungal Interaction (Plate 65) 247 Results 247 27 Biofilms 251 Growth of Dental Plaque in situ 252 Results 253 Soil Biofilm 253 Results 253 Growth of Bacterial Biofilms in vitro 253 Results 254 Bibliography 261 Answer Key for the Exercise Pre-Tests 263 Appendix 1 Flow Charts and Comparison Charts for the Identification of Enteric Gram Negative Rods Using Traditional Testing Procedures 265 Appendix 2 Flow Chart for the Identification of Enterobacteriaceae based on the API 20 E Rapid Identification System 269 Appendix 3 Gram-Positive Flow Chart 275 Photo Credit List 277 Index 279 Photographic Atlas PA-1
£999.99
St. Martin's Publishing Group The Living Great Lakes
Book Synopsis
£17.00
Picador USA The Arbornaut
Book SynopsisAn eye-opening and enchanting book by one of our major scientist-explorers. Diane Ackerman, author of The Zookeeper's WifeNicknamed the Real-Life Lorax by National Geographic, the biologist, botanist, and conservationist Meg Lowmanaka CanopyMegtakes us on an adventure into the eighth continent of the world''s treetops, along her journey as a tree scientist, and into climate actionWelcome to the eighth continent!As a graduate student exploring the rain forests of Australia, Meg Lowman realized that she couldn't monitor her beloved leaves using any of the usual methods. So she put together a climbing kit: she sewed a harness from an old seat belt, gathered hundreds of feet of rope, and found a tool belt for her pencils and rulers. Up she went, into the trees. Forty years later, Lowman remains one of the world's foremost arbornauts, known as the real-life Lorax. She planned one of the first treetop walkways and helps create mo
£17.00
Picador USA The Everybody Ensemble
Book SynopsisIn short, gloriously inventive essays, the Whiting Awardwinning author Amy Leach's The Everybody Ensemble invites us to see and celebrate our oddball, interconnected worldHumans, please turn your guns into kazoos.Are you feeling dismay, despair, disillusion? Need a break from the ho-hum, the hopeless, and the hurtful? Feel certain that there's a version of our world that doesn't break down into tiny categories of alliance but brings everybody together into one clattering, sometimes discordant but always welcoming chorus of glorious pandemonium?Amy Leach, the celebrated author of the transcendent Things That Are, invites you into The Everybody Ensemble, an effervescent tonic of a book. These short, wildly inventive essays are filled with praise songs, poetry, ingenious critique, soul-lifting philosophy, music theory, and whimsical but scientific trips into nature. Here, you will meet platypuses, Tycho Brahe and
£17.10
St. Martin's Griffin A Very Short History of Life on Earth
Book SynopsisThe Royal Society''s Science Book of the Year[A]n exuberant romp through evolution, like a modern-day Willy Wonka of genetic space. Gee's grand tour enthusiastically details the narrative underlying life's erratic and often whimsical exploration of biological form and function. Adrian Woolfson, The Washington PostIn the tradition of Richard Dawkins, Bill Bryson, and Simon WinchesterAn entertaining and uniquely informed narration of Life''s life story.In the beginning, Earth was an inhospitably alien placein constant chemical flux, covered with churning seas, crafting its landscape through incessant volcanic eruptions. Amid all this tumult and disaster, life began. The earliest living things were no more than membranes stretched across microscopic gaps in rocks, where boiling hot jets of mineral-rich water gushed out from cracks in the ocean floor.Although these membranes were leaky, the environment within them
£16.19
McGraw-Hill Companies Loose Leaf for Ecology Concepts and Applications
Book Synopsis
£140.40
W. H. Freeman Ecology The Economy of Nature
Book Synopsis
£203.85
Picture Window Books El Suelo
Book Synopsis
£23.46
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Ecosystem Services in Agricultural and Urban
Book Synopsis* Ecosystem goods and services provide mankind with most necessities of life and survival * Addresses the hitherto under-estimation of Ecosystem Services in farmland, forestry and cities * Explores developing concepts, policies and methods of evaluating ecosystem services in engineered systems .Trade Review“In summary, I think that this book is a useful addition to the literature. . . Thus, I would recommend this book to economists, policy makers, land managers and students wanting to get a relatively clear and concise overview on the key aspects of ES.” (Australian Journal of Agricultural & Resource Economics, 8 January 2014) “This book is an introductory text that will be useful to students and researchers from a broad range of fields. What I do like and thoroughly enjoyed about this book is that it demonstrates the multiple facets or faces of ecosystem services and the benefits humans derive from them.” (Restoration Ecology, 1 September 2013)Table of ContentsContributors xi Reviewers xiv Foreword xv Introduction xviSteve Wratten, Harpinder Sandhu, Ross Cullen and Robert Costanza Part A: Scene Setting 1 1 Ecosystem Services in Farmland and Cities 3Harpinder Sandhu and Steve Wratten Abstract 3 Introduction 4 What are ecosystem services? 4 Ecosystem functions, goods and services 5 The ES framework 6 Engineered systems 7 Agricultural systems 7 Urban systems 10 ES and their interactions in engineered systems 11 2 Ecological Processes, Functions and Ecosystem Services: Inextricable Linkages between Wetlands and Agricultural Systems 16Onil Banerjee, Neville D. Crossman and Rudolf S. de Groot Abstract 16 Introduction 17 Linking ecosystem function with ecosystem service 18 Wetlands 19 Wetland functions 20 Wetland–agricultural systems interactions 22 Some research challenges 24 Understanding complexity and resilience 24 Trade-offs 25 3 Key Ideas and Concepts from Economics for Understanding the Roles and Value of Ecosystem Services 28Pamela Kaval and Ramesh Baskaran Abstract 28 How can ecosystem services be valued? 28 Ecosystem service valuation methodologies 31 Revealed preference methods 32 Stated preference methods 32 Other methods 33 How ecosystem services have been measured in the past 34 Ecosystem service valuation study recommendations 37 Conclusions 39 Part B: Ecosystem Services in Three Settings 43 4 Viticulture can be Modified to Provide Multiple Ecosystem Services 45Sofia Orre-Gordon, Marco Jacometti, Jean Tompkins and Steve Wratten Abstract 45 Introduction 45 Enhancing CBC in vineyards 46 Leafrollers and Botrytis cinerea in the vineyards 48 Habitat modification to enhance naturally occurring pest control 48 Floral resource supplementation as a form of habitat modification 48 Mulch application as a form of habitat modification 49 Combining two forms of habitat modification 51 The deployment of herbivore-induced plant volatiles as a form of habitat modification 51 Habitat modification may provide further ecosystem services 52 The future 55 5 Aquaculture and Ecosystem Services: Reframing the Environmental and Social Debate 58Corinne Baulcomb Abstract 58 Introduction 58 Aquaculture and the environment 59 A typology of aquaculture operations and the link to ecosystem services 60 Inland production systems 64 Overview 64 Case study 1: hypothetical integrated agriculture–aquaculture carp polyculture 65 Case study 2: hypothetical inland marine shrimp cultivation 68 Marine and coastal-based production systems 71 Overview 71 Case study 3: hypothetic nearshore, intensive and raft-based shellfish cultivation 72 Case study 4: hypothetical ‘best-case’ offshore aquaculture cultivation 75 The value of a complementary life-cycle approach 75 Conclusion 77 6 Urban Landscapes and Ecosystem Services 83Jürgen Breuste, Dagmar Haase and Thomas Elmqvist Abstract 83 Growing urban landscapes 83 The process of urbanization 83 Urbanization, biodiversity and ecosystems 86 Urbanization and management of ecosystems – challenges 86 Urban ecosystem services 87 What are urban ecosystem services? 87 Classification of UES 88 Land use – basic information on human influence on ecosystem services 88 Urban green – carrier of UES 89 Types of urban green space 89 Recreation 90 Climate regulation 91 Biodiversity 94 Carbon mitigation 95 Rapid growth of soil sealing – destruction of UES and its avoidance 95 Climate change – challenges for UES 97 Increase in temperature 98 Precipitation 99 Sea level rise 100 UES in urban landscape planning 100 Part C: Measuring and Monitoring Ecosystem Services at Multiple Levels 105 7 Scale-dependent Ecosystem Service 107Yangjian Zhang, Claus Holzapfel and Xiaoyong Yuan Abstract 107 Introduction 107 Scale 108 Ecosystem service is scale dependent 108 The ecosystem beneficiary is scale dependent 109 Ecosystem service measurement is scale dependent 109 Ecosystem service management decision making is scale dependent 112 Ecosystem service types 112 Ecosystem service studies need to consider scale 113 Case studies 114 Liberty State Park Interior 115 Qinghai-Tibet plateau 117 Conclusions 118 8 Experimental Assessment of Ecosystem Services in Agriculture 122Harpinder Sandhu, John Porter and Steve Wratten Abstract 122 Introduction 122 ES in agroecosystems 123 Provisioning goods and services 124 Supporting services 124 Regulating services 124 Cultural services 124 Field-scale assessment of ES 127 The combined food and energy system 128 New Zealand arable farmland 129 Scenarios of production and ES in agroecosystems 131 The ethnocentric systems 131 The technocentric systems 131 The ecocentric systems 131 The ecotechnocentric systems 132 The sustaincentric systems 132 Conclusions 133 Part D: Designing Ecological Systems to Deliver Ecosystem Services 137 9 Towards Multifunctional Agricultural Landscapes for the Upper Midwest Region of the USA 139Nicholas Jordan and Keith Douglass Warner Abstract 139 Introduction 139 Multifunctional agroecosystems 140 Re-designed agricultural landscapes for the Upper Midwest 141 Moving forward on design and implementation of multifunctional landscapes for the Upper Midwest 142 Theory of change: a social–ecological system model for increasing multifunctionality of agricultural landscapes 143 Focal level: enterprise development via ‘virtuous circles’ 143 Subsystem level: collaborative social learning for multifunctional agriculture 147 Supersystem level: re-visioning the social metabolism of American agriculture 148 Applying the theory of change: the Koda Energy fuelshed project 149 Enterprise development 150 Agroecological partnership 152 Re-shaping public opinion and policy 153 Conclusions 153 10 Supply Chain Management and the Delivery of Ecosystems Services in Manufacturing 157Mary Haropoulou, Clive Smallman and Jack Radford Abstract 157 Towards the sustainable economic production of goods and services? 158 Ecological economics and supply chain management: a review and synthesis 158 Conventional economic and ecologically economic production 158 Conventional SCM: economic efficiency through distribution network configuration and strategy 160 Green SCM: the economic inefficiency of waste 161 Sustainable SCM: connecting social, economic and ecological performance 162 Enabling ecological economics: SSCM 163 A case in point: ‘what do we do with it now?’ 165 WYM background 166 The economic production of wool yarn 167 Goods 168 Wastes 169 Ecological services and amenities 169 Natural capital 169 Human capital 171 Social capital 173 Manufactured capital 174 Community and individual well-being 175 Discussion 175 Conclusion 176 11 Market-based Instruments and Ecosystem Services: Opportunity and Experience to Date 178Stuart M. Whitten and Anthea Coggan Abstract 178 Introduction 179 Market-based instruments: definition and preconditions 180 Types of MBIs 180 Examples of MBIs for ecosystem services 184 Price-based MBIs 184 Quantity-based MBIs 186 Market friction MBIs 188 The brave new world of ecosystem markets 189 Designing effective MBIs 189 Where to next in the brave new world of markets for ecosystem services? 190 Epilogue: Equitable and Sustainable Systems 194Steve Wratten, Harpinder Sandhu, Ross Cullen and Robert Costanza Index 196
£63.86
Johns Hopkins University Press Polar Bears
Book SynopsisCaptivating, accurate, and inspiring, Polar Bears belongs in the hands of all who love the wild.Trade ReviewCaptivating, accurate, and inspiring, Polar Bears belongs in the hands of all who love the wild. Guardian Derocher and Lynch's handiwork, however, is less a lament and more a celebration of polar bears. And that will almost certainly make it a winner with increasingly fussy readers looking to be awed, inspired, and informed by artfully illustrated books. -- Ed Struzik Edmonton Journal Everyone with an interest in polar bears or bears of any species will want to add this book to their bookshelf. -- Sterling Miller International Bear News This book is as amazing to look at as it is fascinating to read... Captivating, precise, inspiring, Polar Bears is intended for all those who love nature. PhotoNews This magnificent species has got the book it deserves. -- Jeff Wilson BBC Wildlife Magazine A book which would grace any coffee table, but equally one which should be in the library of every zoo and scientific institution which has an interest in polar bears, Arctic biodiversity or the possible effects of global warming. For every curator, animal manager, veterinarian and zoo architect it should be mandatory reading... Global warming, with or without mankind's help, may cause the polar bear to become extinct and this book may be the best record we have to remember it by. -- Richard Perron International Zoo News A welcome and timely contribution... a reliable and comprehensive source of information. -- Kristin Laidre ARCTIC For a read on polar bears, this book has it all. There is not a stone unturned throughout these pages, which look at every aspect of the species in thorough detail, including their evolution, arctic marine ecosystems and hunting methods... Proving that polar bears are everything you thought they were and more-you won't want to miss out on this read. Pet Focus Derocher lays our for us a comprehensive review of work done on these great mammals including their biology, ecology, and behavior. The text is supplemented by stunning photographs by Wayne Lynch who has spent decades following the bears. It all works excellently together-photos and text-and the reader comes away with a renewed appreciation for one of nature's most charismatic carnivores. National Outdoor Book Awards University of Alberta biology professor Andrew E. Derocher and award-winning science writer/wildlife photographer Wayne Lynch set out to produce the most comprehensive book about polar bears to date. They succeeded, with Derocher packaging more than 20 years of scientific study and the experience from more than 40 field expeditions into a reader-friendly, text-based guide complemented by Lynch's stunning Arctic images. -- Michelle LePage Canadian Geographic Derocher, a bear biologist, and Lynch, a physician turned wildlife photographer, have put together an accessible book that takes full advantage of Derocher's research experience and Lynch's eye for capturing wildlife on film. Choice When I first started reading the book I wondered who the audience would be. Would the general public, including school children and polar bear enthusiasts, be interested in the level of detail of this book? Us scientists who study polar bears already know all about the bear (of course!)-would we read this book? The answers to those two questions are yes and yes... I believe that this book will satiate any polar bear enthusiast's curiosity about the species and the environment in which it lives. At the same time, it also is a useful resource to those of us who study polar bears and their prey in the Arctic. -- Karyn D. Rode Marine Mammal Science This is a beautiful book, a fascinating subject, and a turning point in our human evolution and relationship with the natural world. Get the book, then go out and do something. -- William L. Gannon Journal of Mammalogy Captivating, accurate, and inspiring, Polar Bears belongs in the hands of all who love the wild. Northeastern Naturalist Derocher has certainly written one of the most authoritative and technically comprehensive yet engaging books on polar bears that will be available for many years. The technical detail and background information is such that parts of the book have a textbook quality... If I were to pick one book that would give a general audience a solid understanding of polar bear ecology, it would be Derocher's Polar Bears: A Complete Guide to Their Biology and Behavior. -- Dag Vongraven Polar ResearchTable of ContentsAcknowledgments1. Introduction2. A Polar Bear Described3. Evolution4. Early Polar Bear–Human Interactions5. Arctic Marine Ecosystems6. Sea Ice and Habitat7. Prey8. Distribution and Populations9. Hunting Methods10. Polar Bear Behavior11. Den Ecology12. From Birth to Death13. Threats14. Looking ForwardAppendix A: Scientific Names of Plants and AnimalsAppendix B: Species of Plants and Animals Eaten by Polar BearsReferencesIndex
£45.17
Johns Hopkins University Press Zooplankton of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts
Book SynopsisZooplankton are critical to the vitality of estuaries and coastal waters. This edition takes on a tour of the miniature universe of zooplankton, including early developmental stages of familiar and diverse shrimps, crabs, and fishes. It details the behavior, morphology, and coloration of these tiny aquatic animals.Trade ReviewAn indispensable book for teachers, students, and professionals working in marine biology and oceanography. Northeastern Naturalist Teachers, students and professionals in marine biology at the college level will find this a key survey. Midwest Book Review This new edition of the zooplankton guide by William S. Johnson and Dennis M. Allen provides an excellent introduction to the diversity of planktonic life found off the eastern and southern coasts of the USA... This volume is excellent and it will serve its audience well -- from the level of beginner through to seasoned marine researchers. -- Geoff Boxshall Zoological Journal of the Linnean SocietyTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction to ZooplanktonAdaptations to Planktonic LifeFeedingLocomotionVertical Migrations and Selective Tidal TransportDefenseAdaptations of Planktonic LarvaeFactors Affecting Zooplankton DistributionPlankton Distribution and Ocean CurrentsCoastal WatersThermoclines and Coastal StratificationInvisible BoundariesCross-Shelf Transport to Nearshore and Estuarine AreasTides and Tidal CurrentsCoastal EmbaymentsSalinity and Estuarine StratificationBenthic Habitats and Zooplankton DistributionEstuarine and Coastal Planktonic Food WebsPrimary ProductivityPlanktonic Food WebsThe "Classic" Phytoplankton ? Herbivore Food WebThe Microbial LoopFood Web DynamicsA Brief History of Zooplankton ResearchPioneers in Zooplankton ResearchCollection Techniques: Old and NewPlankton NetsPlankton Pumps, Traps, and New TechnologiesAutomated Plankton Samplers, Acoustic Technology, and Video TechniquesZooplankton and Environmental QualityHypoxiaHarmful Algal BloomsInvasive and Introduced SpeciesClimate ChangeSuggested ReadingsIdentification and Biology of Common ZooplanktonHow to Use This Book to Identify ZooplanktonQuick PicksPhytoplanktonProtozooplanktonCnidarians: Anemones, Jellyfishes, and Related MetazoansHydrozoansScyphozoans and CubozoansCtenophores: Comb Jellies and Sea WalnutsRotifersCirripedes: Barnacle LarvaeCladocerans and OstracodsCopepodsMysids: Opossum ShrimpsAmphipods, Isopods, Tanaidaceans, and CumaceansDecapods: Shrimps, Crabs, and Related CrustaceansStomatopods: Mantis ShrimpsSea Spiders, Mites, and InsectsAnnelids: Segmented Worms and NematodesMolluscs: Gastropods, Bivalves, and CephalopodsChaetognaths: Arrow WormsEchinoderm Larvae: Starfishes and Sea UrchinsLess Common Ciliated Invertebrate LarvaeLower Chordates: Larvaceans, Sea Squirts, Salps, Doliolids, and LanceletsFish LarvaeAppendixes1. Collecting Zooplankton2. Observing Zooplankton3. Observing Zooplankton4. Sample Processing and Data Analysis5. Regional Zooplankton SurveysGlossaryLiterature CitedIndex
£45.50
Johns Hopkins University Press Field Guide to Fishes of the Chesapeake Bay
Book SynopsisA guide to the Chesapeake's fishes. Suitable for both anglers and students of the Bay, it includes detailed descriptions of physical characteristics, range, occurrence in the Bay, reproduction, diet, and statistics from fisheries research.Trade ReviewA must have for those with an interest in the fishes of the region. -- Ian Paulsen Birdbooker Report Finally! A truly comprehensive and well-illustrated field guide to the fishes of the Chesapeake Bay is available. -- Wendy Gilbert Mariner Chesapeake Director of the National Science Foundation office in Tokyo, Murdy and Musick catalogue fish... in the largest of US estuaries... The information is oriented towards fishing, and the excellent drawings by marine science illustrator Val Kells are not fanciful in-habitat creations, but aids for identifying the species of the fish in the bottom of the boat. Reference and Research Book News The only comprehensive field guide to the Chesapeake's fishes, this book is an indispensable resource for both anglers and students of the Bay. Northeastern Naturalist [Kells] is meticulous in her detail that makes her final product scientifically accurate so that her images can be used by scientist and the public alike. Anyone with an interest in the Chesapeake Bay and its fishes will find her work invaluable as a resource. Marine Environmental Research Corporation Field Guide to the Fishes of the Chesapeake Bay will enrich the time anyone spends on the waters of the Chesapeake... The science is solid as it should be from two veteran ichythologists, but it also carries an engaging human touch that brings each species to life. -- John Page Williams Chesapeake Bay Magazine Overall, a very useful guide to fish of this region. Choice The new Field Guide to Fishes of the Chesapeake Bay will enrich the time anyone spends on the waters of the Chesapeake. Chesapeake Bay Magazine The authors accomplished what they set out to do and did it well. Those with an interest in fishes of the Chesapeake region should buy the book: they won't be sorry. -- Willliam D. Anderson, Jr. CopeiaTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionWatershed, History, and Hydrology of the Chesapeake BayGeneral Characteristics of Chesapeake Bay Fish FaunaSeasonal Fish Faunal ChangesConservation and Environmental Management of Chesapeake Bay FishesThe Scope of This Field GuideOrganizationHow to Identify Fishes in the BayHow to Use the KeysMorphologyBasic Counts and MeasurementsSpecies AccountsLampreys - Family PetromyzontidaeDogfish sharks - Family SqualidaeRequiem sharks - Family CarcharhinidaeHammerhead sharks - Family SphyrnidaeHound sharks - Family TriakidaeBasking shark - Family CetorhinidaeSand tigers - Family OdontaspididaeAngel sharks - Family SquatinidaeSawfishes - Family PristidaeWhiptail stingrays - Family DasyatidaeButterfly rays - Family GymnuridaeEagle rays - Family MyliobatidaeCownose rays - Family RhinopteridaeSkates - Family RajidaeSturgeons - Family AcipenseridaeGars - Family LepisosteidaeBowfins - Family AmiidaeTenpounders - Family ElopidaeTarpons - Family MegalopidaeFreshwater eels - Family AnguillidaeConger eels - Family CongridaeHerrings - Family ClupeidaeAnchovies - Family EngraulidaeSuckers - Family CatostomidaeCarps and minnows - Family CyprinidaeSea catfishes - Family AriidaeNorth American catfishes - Family IctaluridaePikes - Family EsocidaeMudminnows - Family UmbridaeLizardfishes - Family SynodontidaeCusk-eels - Family OphidiidaeCods - Family GadidaeMerlucciid hakes - Family MerlucciidaePhycid hakes - Family PhycidaeToadfishes - Family BatrachoididaeGoosefishes - Family LophiidaeMullets - Family MugilidaeNew World silversides - Family AtherinopsidaeNeedlefishes - Family BelonidaeHalfbeaks - Family HemiramphidaePupfishes - Family CyprinodontidaeTopminnows - Family FundulidaeLivebearers - Family PoeciliidaeSticklebacks - Family GasterosteidaePipefishes - Family SyngnathidaeSculpins - Family Cottidae and Lumpfishes - Family CyclopteridaeSearobins - Family TriglidaeButterfishes - Family StromateidaeCutlassfishes - Family TrichiuridaeSand lances - Family AmmodytidaeJacks - Family CarangidaeCobia - Family RachycentridaeRemoras - Family EcheneidaeMackerels - Family ScombridaeBarracudas - Family SphyraenidaeStargazers - Family UranoscopidaeDrums and croakers - Family SciaenidaeSpadefishes - Family EphippidaeBluefish - Family PomatomidaeClingfishes - Family GobiesocidaeGobies - Family GobiidaeTemperate basses - Family MoronidaePerches - Family PercidaeCombtooth blennies - Family BlenniidaeSnakeheads - Family ChannidaeButterflyfishes - Family ChaetodontidaeMojarras - Family GerreidaePorgies - Family SparidaeSnappers - Family LutjanidaeGrunts - Family HaemulidaeSunfishes - Family CentrarchidaeWrasses - Family LabridaeMedusafishes - Family CentrolophidaeSea basses and groupers - Family SerranidaeTriggerfishes - Family BalistidaePorcupinefishes - Family DiodontidaeFilefishes - Family MonacanthidaeBoxfishes - Family OstraciidaePuffers - Family TetraodontidaeAmerican soles - Family AchiridaeTonguefishes - Family CynoglossidaeSand flounders - Family ParalichthyidaeRighteye flounders - Family PleuronectidaeTurbots - Family ScophthalmidaeAppendices1. Key to the Orders and Families of Chesapeake Bay Fishes2. Key to the Families of Perciformes Fishes in the Chesapeake Bay3. Keys to Species within Families4. Fish Species Rarely Recorded from the Chesapeake BayGlossary of Selected Technical TermsIndex to Scientific NamesIndex to Common Names
£21.38
Johns Hopkins University Press Wildlife in Airport Environments
Book SynopsisS. Department of AgricultureTrade ReviewThe authors did an outstanding job in collecting, analyzing, and organizing current best management practices for aviation wildlife management. I recommend Wildlife in Airport Environments to wildlife professionals and airport managers as the basis for science-based wildlife control programs. -- Nick Atwell Animal Behaviour I believe that the book should be read by airport managers, wildlife damage specialists, and wildlife professionals and students in general. -- Russ Reidinger Journal of Wildlife Management If a book like this had been available some years ago when I started my research on wildlife strikes as a human-wildlife conflict issue, it would have saved me a lot of time -- Cecilia Soldatini Journal of Field OrnithologyTable of ContentsWildlife in Airport Environments Chapter 1. The History of Wildlife Strikes and Management at AirportsPart I: Wildlife Management TechniquesChapter 2. Behavior and Physiology in the Development and Application of Visual Deterrents at AirportsChapter 3. Effectiveness of Chemical Repellents in Managing Birds at AirportsChapter 4. Tactile and Auditory Repellents to Reduce Wildlife Hazards to AircraftChapter 5. Excluding Mammals from AirportsChapter 6. Wildlife Translocation as a Management Alternative at AirportsChapter 7. Population Management to Reduce the Risk of Wildlife–Aircraft CollisionsPart II: Managing ResourcesChapter 8. Identifi cation and Management of Wildlife Food Resources at AirportsChapter 9. Managing Airport Stormwater to Reduce Attraction to WildlifeChapter 10. Managing Turfgrass to Reduce Wildlife Hazards at AirportsChapter 11. Wildlife Conservation and Alternative Land Uses at AirportsPart III: Wildlife Monitoring Chapter 12. Understanding Animal Movements at and Near AirportsChapter 13. Radar Technology to Monitor Hazardous Birds at AirportsChapter 14. Avian Survey Methods for Use at AirportsChapter 15. Conclusions and Future DirectionsAppendix. Regulations for Wildlife Management at AirportsIndex
£67.00
Johns Hopkins University Press Atlas of Crustacean Larvae
Book SynopsisDestined to become a key reference for specialists and students and a treasured book for anyone who wishes to understand the invertebrate backbone of marine ecosystems,Atlas of Crustacean Larvae belongs on the shelf of every serious marine biologist.Trade ReviewThis welcome addition to the crustacean literature compiles, for the first time, descriptions and figures of larvae from all the different groups of crustaceans. Many are exquisite, never-before published scanning electron micrographs or light microscope photographs... One especially helpful feature is a table clarifying the many different (and often confusing) terms that have been used for the larvae of crabs and shrimps. This book is an essential reference, valuable for any natural history library. Choice The volume not only has the intended first-rate scientific rigor, but will also serve as a fetching and stimulating embellishment for the biologists' office desk or even home coffee table... This volume will be the definitive work on crustacean larvae for some time to come, and it will surely find its place in the libraries of academic institutions, museums, and many biologists. For the price, Atlas of Crustacean Larvae is truly a bargain. -- Raymond T. Bauer Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsAcknowledgments 1 Introduction 2 The Crustacean Nauplius 3 Fossil Larvae (Head Larvae, Nauplii, and Others) from the Cambrian in Orsten Preservation 4 Introduction to the Branchiopoda5 Anostraca 6 Uniquely Preserved Fossil Larvae, Some with Branchiopod Affinities, from the Devonian: The Rhynieand Windyfield Cherts 7 Notostraca 8 Laevicaudata 9 Spinicaudata 10 Cyclestherida 11 Cladocera: Anomopoda 12 Cladocera: Ctenopoda 13 Cladocera: Haplopoda 14 Cladocera: Onychopoda 15 Remipedia 16 Cephalocarida 17 Introduction to the Thecostraca 18 Facetotecta 19 Ascothoracida 20 Acrothoracica 21 Rhizocephala 22 Thoracica 23 Tantulocarida 24 Branchiura 25 Pentastomida 26 Mystacocarida 27 Copepoda 28 Introduction to the Ostracoda 29 Ostracoda: Podocopa30 Ostracoda: Myodocopa 31 Introduction to the Malacostraca 32 Fossil Malacostracan Larvae 33 Leptostraca 34 Stomatopoda 35 Syncarida 36 Introduction to the Peracarida 37 Thermosbaenacea, Spelaeogriphacea, and "Mictacea" 38 Lophogastrida and Mysida 39 Amphipoda 40 Isopoda and Tanaidacea 41 Cumacea 42 Introduction to the Eucarida 43 Euphausiacea 44 Amphionidacea45 Introduction to the Decapoda46 Dendrobranchiata 47 Stenopodidea 48 Caridea 49 Astacidea 50 Gebiidea and Axiidea (= Thalassinidea) 51 Achelata 52 Polychelida 53 Anomura 54 Brachyura 55 Summary and Synopsis GlossaryReferencesIndex
£100.22
Johns Hopkins University Press Freshwater Fishes of North America
Book SynopsisWarren, Jr.Trade ReviewWritten at a highly academic level, this book will be best for readers who are in the biological discipline of ichthyology or studying to go into that field. Library Journal This definitive monograph is essential for all libraries supporting teaching and research in vertebrate zoology. -- Paul B. Cors American Reference Books Annual This handsome volume represents the beginning of an ambitious project. If volume 1 is any indication, it will be a thorough compendium of worthwhile knowledge about all species of domestic freshwater fishes in the US, Canada, and Mexico... When completed, the three-volume set will be the most authoritative work on freshwater fishes in North America. Choice This is an outstanding book in ichthyology... It is an essential reference source... Undoubtedly one of the best in its field. -- Sonu Chandiram Biz India Magazine If Ross is the textbook, this is the encyclopedia. But is this the "Jordan and Evermann" of comprehensive North American freshwater fish biology? With some caveats, the analogy is close and the answer is 'yes.' -- D.F. Markle Environmental Biology of Fishes An excellent review of the North American freshwater fish families Petromyzontidae to Catostomidae, and the publishers, editors, authors and illustrators should be commended... [will] appeal to a readership ranging from academics, scientists, anglers and anyone with an interest in freshwater fish in North America. -- Jonathan Harvey Freshwater Biology This is the first volume of a highly anticipated three-volume set that may be the most important fish books on North American fishes produced in the last decade... Any one of the chapters is worth the price of the book. Every ichthyologist interested in the North American freshwater fish fauna should have it on their shelf. Copeia At a time when we assume that we can search and find whatever information we need via internet search engines, it is comforting to pick up a book, carefully assembled to represent the current state of knowledge on this important group of fishes, and just read. I encourage everyone-Tolle Lege (take up and read). -- Donald J. Orth Freshwater Science With this book, the editors have initiated the formidable task of compiling an extensive resource that incorporates these diverse species... Biologists, researchers and other specialists in a variety of fields contributed to thoroughly researched chapters that include lovely illustrations and photographs... Students and researchers in a variety of disciplines including ecology, genetics, evolutionary biology and marine biology will find that this title serves as an excellent reference tool and gateway to further research. Reference ReviewsTable of ContentsList of Contributors PrefaceAcknowledgments Chapter 1. Evolution and Ecol ogy of North American Freshwater Fish Assemblages Chapter 2. Mating Behavior of North American Freshwater Fishes Chapter 3. Petromyzontidae: Lampreys Chapter 4. Dasyatidae: Whiptail Stingrays Chapter 5. Acipenseridae: Sturgeons Chapter 6. Polyodontidae: Paddlefishes Chapter 7. Lepisosteidae: Gars Chapter 8. Amiidae: BowfinsChapter 9. Hiodontidae: MooneyesChapter 10. Anguillidae: Freshwater EelsChapter 11. Engraulidae: AnchoviesChapter 12. Cyprinidae: Carps and MinnowsChapter 13. Catostomidae: SuckersLiterature Cited Index of Scientific Names General Index
£101.50
Johns Hopkins University Press Lyme Disease
Book SynopsisFeaturing a list of reliable web sites and a glossary of terms, Lyme Disease is an invaluable resource for everyone who is at risk of the disease or is involved in preventing and treating it.Trade ReviewThis book will help you learn about Lyme disease, including its treatment and prevention. -- Larry Goodyer Pharmaceutical Journal With his extensive research and multiple publications, Dr. Barbour is a credible authority who is able to clearly address controversies surrounding Lyme disease diagnosis and treatment... This is an easy to read, easy to understand overview of Lyme disease from pathogen to treatment. Doody's Review Service This book is a brilliant insight to Lyme disease, mapping its geographic and histological development and spread. The author provides a good evidence base when providing this information. The structure of this book provides a journey, which supports maximum learning. Nursing TimesTable of ContentsPrefaceIntroduction1. Early Infection and the Immune Response2. Late Infection and Its Complications3. The Pathogen, Its Vector, and Its Reservoirs4. The Ecology of Lyme Disease5. Approach to Diagnosis6. Laboratory Tests: The Basics7. Putting Laboratory Testing in Its Place8. Antibiotics and Lyme Disease9. Putting Antibiotics to Use10. After Antibiotic Therapy Ends11. Deer Ticks Transmit Other Diseases12. Preventing Lyme Disease13. Preventing Lyme DiseaseTrusted Internet SitesNotesGlossaryIndex
£18.05
Johns Hopkins University Press Wild Equids
Book SynopsisTrade Review[Kaczensky and Ransom] will not only stimulate interest in this often forgotten but important group of ungulates, but also provide a basis for new ideas and protection concepts. Vetmeduni ViennaTable of Contents1. Equus: An Ancient Genus Surviving the Modern World2. Social Organization of Wild Equids3. Behavior of Horses, Zebras, and Asses4. Habitat and Diet of Equids5. Equids and Ecological Niches: Behavioral and Life History: Variations on a Common Theme6. Wild and Feral Equid Population Dynamics7. Genetics and Paleogenetics of Equids8. The Roles of Humans in Horse Distribution through Time9. Human Dimensions of Wild Equid Management: Exploring the Meanings of "Wild"10. Management of Free-Roaming Horses11. Wild Equid Captive Breeding and Management12. Status and Conservation of Threatened Equids13. Challenges and Opportunities for Conserving Equid Migrations14. Reintroduction of Wild EquidsEpilogue
£60.00
Johns Hopkins University Press Diving Beetles of the World Systematics and
Book SynopsisDiving beetles are fast becoming important models for aquatic ecology, world biogeography, population ecology, and animal sexual evolution and, with this book, the diversity of the group is finally accessible.Trade ReviewEntomologists, systematists, limnologists, ecologists, and others with an interest in aquatic systems or insect diversity will find these extensively illustrated keys and taxon accounts immensely helpful... Diving beetles are fast becoming important models for aquatic ecology, world biogeography, population ecology, and animal sexual evolution and, with this book, the diversity of the group is finally accessible. The Birdbook Report All illustrations are excellent and informative. Every genus account covers diagnostic characteristics, size range, classification, species diversity, a review of known natural history, and distributions portrayed via range maps. The breadth and depth of coverage is extraordinary given the constraints of a succinct template. Systematic Entomology This is a beautifully produced book, well-illustrated with colour photographs of the beetles 5 and their habitats, excellent line drawings of morphological features and maps showing the distribution of all the genera. Journal of Natural History This text provides the first in-depth treatment of predaceous diving beetles (family Dytiscidae) in well over 100 years. As such, it is an invaluable addition to entomology literature. Recommended. ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface vii1. Introduction 12. Taxonomy and Morphology 213. Keys to Major GroupsSubfamilies, Adults 39Subfamilies, Larvae 43Subterranean & Terrestrial Genera 454. Subfamily Matinae 505. Subfamily Lancetinae 536. Subfamily Agabinae 557. Tribe Hydrotrupini 578. Tribe Agabini 629. Subfamily Colymbetinae 6910. Subfamily Copelatinae 7811. Subfamily Laccophilinae 8712. Tribe Agabetini 8913. Tribe Laccophilini 9114. Subfamily Cybistrinae 10315. Subfamily Dytiscinae 11116. Tribe Dytiscini 11417. Tribe Hydaticini 11818. Tribe Aubehydrini 12119. Tribe Eretini 12320. Tribe Aciliini 12521. Subfamily Coptotominae 13322. Subfamily Hydrodytinae 13523. Subfamily Hydroporinae 13824. Tribe Laccornini 14525. Tribe Laccornellini 14726. Tribe Hydroporini 15027. Subtribe Hydroporina 15428. Subtribe Deronectina 16229. Subtribe Siettitiina 17230. Subtribe Sternopriscina 18031. Tribe Vatellini 19032. Tribe Methlini 19433. Tribe Hydrovatini 19634. Tribe Pachydrini 19935. Tribe Hygrotini 20136. Tribe Hyphydrini 20737. Tribe Bidessini 219Literature Cited 260Index 307
£119.70
Johns Hopkins University Press Stream Fish Community Dynamics
Book SynopsisEcologists have long struggled to understand community dynamics. In this groundbreaking book, leading fish ecologists William Matthews and Edie Marsh-Matthews apply long-term studies of stream fish communities to several enduring questions. This critical synthesis reaches to the heart of ecological theory, testing concepts against the four decades of data the authors have collected from numerous warm-water stream fish communities in the central and eastern United States. Stream Fish Community Dynamics draws together the work of a single research team to provide fresh analyses of the short- and long-term dynamics of numerous streams, each with multiple sampling sites. Conducting repeated surveys of fish communities at temporal scales from months to decades, the authors' research findings will fascinate anyone searching for a deeper understanding of community ecology. The study sites covered by this book range from small headwater creeks to large prairie rivers in Oklahoma and from OzarkTrade ReviewOverall, this text offers significant insight from two leading researchers in the field, and will serve as a valuable tool for those individuals who wish to delve further into the research. Essential.—ChoiceThis book is at once a memoir and love letter to a couple of brilliant research careers, and essential reading for those early-career scientists and others entering the stream fish community ecology topic now, who need to catch up. In both regards, the book is a real pleasure to read. For agency scientists involved in biomonitoring using fishes, and stream restoration, this book should be considered a primer in just how much we do, and do not, understand about the underlying factors that dictate why fishes are where they are.—Reviews in Fisheries Science and AquacultureIn conclusion, Stream Fish Community Dynamics—A Critical Synthesis represents a valuable synopsis of the tremendous scientific careers of Bill and Edie Matthews, careers that will continue to influence generations of future scientists.—Fisheries MagazineHelps us rethink hypotheses about our stream fishes and their relationships to each other and to their habitat, and add context to questions related to climate change. At the end of our careers, we can only hope that our cumulative scientific work will be significant enough to be published as a book like this one.—Brooke E. Penaluna & Ivan Arismendi, Environmental Biology of FishesTable of ContentsContents Preface Chapter 1: Studying Stream Fish Communities Chapter 2: The Stream Fish Community Study SystemsChapter 3: Characterizing the Fish CommunitiesChapter 4: Traits of Species That Influence Community DynamicsChapter 5: Interactions among Species Chapter 6: Disturbance: Weather Extremes, Flood and Drought, and Fish Community DynamicsChapter 7: Temporal Dynamics of Fish Communities and the "Loose Equilibrium" ConceptChapter 8: Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Stream Fish CommunitiesChapter 9: "What's it All Mean?" (Ecosystem Effects)Chapter 10: A Critical Synthesis References Index
£55.50
Johns Hopkins University Press Wild by Nature
Book SynopsisOffering fresh perspectives on colonial, legal, environmental, and Native American history, Wild by Nature reenvisions the familiar stories of early America as animal tales.Trade Review. . . the richness of the information from obscure sources serves as an invaluable reference. This book provides a thought-provoking and interesting thesis . . . Recommended.—ChoiceWild by Nature offers a wonderful example of the retellings that are possible if historians attend to animalhuman relationships as a significant category of investigation. It is an approachable and well-written book that will appeal to readers curious and eager to think in new ways about old stories.—Southwestern Historical QuarterlyThe author is a strong writer, and her practice of assigning action verbs to animals is surprisingly effective. In sum, this book deserves a wide readership in southern history, environmental history, and beyond.—Journal of Southern HistorySucceeds in demonstrating that wild animals, by their very nature, challenged and changed colonial presumptions about human control over the process of North American colonization as expressed in legal regimes and private property.—Kerri Keller Clement, University of Colorado Boulder, Great Plains ResearchTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsList of IllustrationsIntroduction1. Creatures Serving for the Use of Man2. No Bullets Would Pierce Beaver Skins3. Devouring Anamulls4. Incapable of Separate or Individual Property5. The Liberty of Killing a Deer6. In All Their Native Freedom7. Epilogue: Rewilding the WildBibliographyIndex
£43.00
Johns Hopkins University Press Essential Readings in Wildlife Management and
Book SynopsisTrade ReviewHighly recommended for any college-level collection strong in wildlife management.—Midwest Book ReviewWith a fantastic list of core literature, supplemented by related reading lists and article introductions, the editors certainly achieved their goal of developing a text referencing the core literature of wildlife conservation and management.—Journal of Wildlife ManagementTable of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1. Our Philosophical RootsChapter 2. Animals, Ecology & PopulationsChapter 3. HabitatChapter 4. Human DimensionsAuthor Index
£53.38
Johns Hopkins University Press Snakes of Central and Western Africa
Book SynopsisThe firstand onlyauthoritative guide to the snakes of Central and Western Africa. Nobody knows exactly how many snake species live in the biodiversity hotspots of Western and Central Africa. While field guides abound that make mammals, birds, and even insects identifiable for residents, travelers, and scientists, half a continent's herpetological richness has remained shrouded in mystery. In a region where nearly 30,000 people die from snake bites every year, even dire medical necessity has been an insufficient inducement for researchers to take on the daunting task of assembling an authoritative list of extant species, let alone a full descriptive record to aid in identification, the essential first step to administering an effective antivenin. The reptiles of Central Africa, particularly, are the most poorly studied in the world, despite their crucial role in the survival of threatened ecosystems. With Snakes of Central and Western Africa, Jean-Philippe Chippaux and Kate Jackson Trade Review[Chippaux and Jackson] combine their capabilities to produce a comprehensive volume with accounts for nearly 300 species of snakes from the west and central African region. The book is intended as an identification guide for both the seasoned herpetologist as well as the beginner . . . For those working in the region and needing to identify specimens, the book would surely be a valuable addition to one's reference library.—Krystal A. Tolley, CopeiaTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsChapter 1. Identification of African SnakesChapter 2. Evolution of African SnakesChapter 3. Biogeography of African SnakesChapter 4. Snakebite in Sub-Saharan AfricaChapter 5. Families Typhlopidae and LeptotyphlopidaeChapter 6. Families Boidae and PythonidaeChapter 7. Family ViperidaeChapter 8. Family ElapidaeChapter 9. Family Lamprophiidae: Subfamilies Atractaspidinae and AparallactinaeChapter 10. Family Lamprophiidae: Subfamilies Lamprophiinae, Pseudoxyrhophiinae, and PseudaspidinaeChapter 11. Family Lamprophiidae: Subfamilies Psammophiinae and ProsymninaeChapter 12. Family Colubridae: Subfamily NatricinaeChapter 13. Family Colubridae: Subfamilies Colubrinae and GrayiinaeBibliographyIndex
£72.00
